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Wang, Sherry Shi, i Ralf Van Der Lans. "Modeling Gift Choice: The Effect of Uncertainty on Price Sensitivity". Journal of Marketing Research 55, nr 4 (sierpień 2018): 524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.16.0453.
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Gift giving generates high revenues for retailers. It is also marked with significant welfare, or deadweight, loss in that givers tend to pay more than the receivers’ valuation. Previous research has attributed this discrepancy to givers’ inaccurate predictions of the receivers’ preferences. This research demonstrates that reduced price sensitivity is another important source of the deadweight loss: givers use gift prices to signal the importance of their relationship with the receiver. In order to demonstrate this mechanism, the authors develop a new Bayesian gift-choice model that captures both preference predictions as well as the signaling value of price. The model is estimated on two choice-based conjoint studies for gift giving that allow for the manipulation of the giver's uncertainty about the receiver's preferences. Both studies show the strong signaling value of price, especially when givers are uncertain about receivers’ preferences. Decomposition of the deadweight loss shows that the signaling value of price is an important source of welfare loss, especially in markets with heterogeneous prices. These findings have key implications for the gift industry.
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Hoffmann, Florian, Roman Inderst i Marco Ottaviani. "Persuasion Through Selective Disclosure: Implications for Marketing, Campaigning, and Privacy Regulation". Management Science 66, nr 11 (listopad 2020): 4958–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3455.
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This paper models how firms or political campaigners (senders) persuade consumers and voters (receivers) by selectively disclosing information about their offering depending on individual receivers' preferences and orientations. We derive positive and normative implications depending on the extent of competition among senders, whether receivers are wary of senders collecting personalized data, and whether firms are able to personalize prices. We show how both senders and receivers can benefit from selective disclosure. Privacy laws requiring senders to obtain consent to acquire personal information that enables such selective disclosure increases receiver welfare if and only if there is little or asymmetric competition among senders, if receivers are unwary, and if firms can price discriminate. This paper has been accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
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Iravani, Mohammad Reza. "A social work study on welfare receivers' quality of life". Management Science Letters 2, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2011.09.002.
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Jamaluddin, Zakiyah, i Norzalinda Ali Mohd Ali Hanafiah. "Self-Empowerment of Recipients of Assistance from the Malaysian Social Welfare Department through Productive Welfare". Asian Social Work Journal 6, nr 3 (24.06.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v6i3.169.
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The Productive Welfare Approach and the "2-Year Exit Policy" (2YEP) are introduced by the Department of Social Welfare Malaysia (JKM) to help recipients of welfare assistance (clients) towards living independently and provide the ability to survive without relying on indefinite assistance. This study aims to identify the empowerment of recipients after being involved in entrepreneurship programs through the Launching Grant provided by JKM. This study employs the survey method using questionnaires. A total of 234 respondents were involved in the study: 107 respondents from the Northern Zone, and a total of 127 respondents from the Eastern Zone from 17 Social Welfare District Offices (PKMD) in both zones. The data collection was done between September 2016 to February 2017. The results show that the majority of respondents are self-employed/sole proprietors (85%) with many involved in the food and beverage-type business (58.1%). In terms of self-enrichment/empowerment, respondents' levels are at moderate to high levels. They are responsible for the work, for what they do, and for the results of their actions. The Productive Welfare Approach and the 2YEP program have to some extent, helped in increasing revenue and reducing clients’ dependency on JKM’s assistance. However, better implementation of the program and continuous monitoring can help clients increase their motivation and thus, contribute to eradicating poverty among receivers of assistance.
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Jungbauer, Thomas, i Michael Waldman. "Self-Reported Signaling". American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 15, nr 3 (1.08.2023): 78–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20210204.
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In many real-world settings, an action that affects the value of a product or service is self-reported rather than publicly observable. We investigate self-reporting when self-reports serve as a signal of sender productivity. In our model, a sender chooses an action and then sends a message concerning the action to multiple receivers. Receivers then bid for the sender’s service after deciding whether to audit the sender. We find that self-reporting can reverse the standard result in signaling models that there is overinvestment in the action and that the possibility of misrepresentation may in fact improve welfare given self-reported signaling. (JEL D82, D83, I23, I26, J24)
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Albertini, Marco, i Michela Semprebon. "A burden to the welfare state? Expectations of non-EU migrants on welfare support". Journal of European Social Policy 28, nr 5 (13.02.2018): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717754293.
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In recent decades European institutions have been promoting the broadening of immigrants’ social rights, while at national levels political battles have been led around the definition of the legitimate community of welfare receivers. Immigrants have been often depicted as undeserving individuals threatening welfare state sustainability, although existing research does not fully support this view. At the same time, political and academic debates on immigrants and welfare have diverted attention away from immigrants themselves, failing to address their experiences and welfare support expectations. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap by addressing to what extent non-European immigrants expect the Italian welfare state to provide support for their family. The empirical evidence builds on a survey administered, between 2014 and 2015, to about 350 immigrants from Maghreb, China and the Philippines residing in the Emilia-Romagna region. By means of a mixed-method comprising qualitative and quantitative analyses, the article shows that only a minority of respondents, particularly Maghrebis, have some expectations in terms of public welfare support. It suggests that such support is almost exclusively expected to cope with the needs of the young-family generation, while the needs of the elderly members are assumed to be met through relatives’ informal support. Moreover, the article highlights marked differences in expectations across specific groups and points to explicatory variables such as country of origin, gender, educational level, age on arrival and length of stay. It further reflects on immigrants’ degree of knowledge of the welfare state functioning and specifies the rationales, based on perceived rights or meritocratic criteria, explaining expectations for support.
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Iravani, Mohammad Reza. "Role of social workers to support single mothers: A case study of welfare receivers in Iran". Management Science Letters 2, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2011.08.002.
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Bouvard, Matthieu, i Raphaël Lévy. "Horizontal Reputation and Strategic Audience Management". Journal of the European Economic Association 18, nr 3 (29.05.2019): 1444–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz027.
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Abstract We study how a decision maker uses his reputation to simultaneously influence the actions of multiple receivers with heterogenous biases. The reputational payoff is single-peaked around a bliss reputation at which the incentives of the average receiver are perfectly aligned. We establish the existence of two equilibria characterized by repositioning toward this bliss reputation that only differ through a multiplier capturing the efficiency of reputational incentives. Repositioning is moderate in the more efficient equilibrium, but the less efficient equilibrium features overreactions, and welfare may then be lower than in the no-reputation case. We highlight how strategic audience management (e.g., centralization, delegation to third parties with dissenting objectives) alleviates inefficient reputational incentives, and how multiple organizational or institutional structures may arise in equilibrium as a result.
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Bocher, Temesgen Fitamo, Bamlaku Alamirew Alemu i Zerihun Getachew Kelbore. "Does access to credit improve household welfare? Evidence from Ethiopia using endogenous regime switching regression". African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, nr 1 (13.03.2017): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2017-145.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how credit access affects the welfare of households and sheds light on how household characteristics influence the decision to take credit and the efficiency in credit use. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from the fourth round of the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey conducted in 2009, and examines factors that determine the decision to take credit and the effect of such decision on household welfare. The household welfare variable is measured by the food security indicator and total food expenditure. The study employs endogenous Regime Switching model to account for endogeneity in access to credit and self-selection bias in the decision to participate in credit. Findings The result from the kernel distribution shows households with access to credit have more consumption expenditure than those without access to credit. The ordinary least square regression shows that access to credit increases total consumption by 12 percent without considering self-selection bias. Participation in non-farm activity increases the demand for credit by 17 percent. Land holding, household size, and participation in saving associations increase the probability of getting credit by 5, 11, and 20 percent, respectively. Access to credit appears to have a positive impact on food security in both actual and counterfactual cases for the current credit receivers. Originality/value This study provides a thorough analysis of the impacts of access to credit on household welfare in Ethiopia. The study contributes to the debate on the link between access to credit and household welfare and provides valuable input for policy makers.
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Naz, Mariam, Syed Faizan Iftikhar i Ambreen Fatima. "Formal financial penetration and households’ welfare in Pakistan". International Journal of Financial Engineering 07, nr 04 (grudzień 2020): 2050041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786320500413.
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The studies in recent era exhibit that the financial inclusion has become a scorching issue in playing its vital role while improving the lives of vulnerable and underprivileged households’ well-being. But, the microdata impact of financial inclusion on household welfare is not being analyzed to substantial extent in Pakistan yet. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the effects of financial inclusiveness on the living standards of individuals to persuade them toward formal financial inclusion. Thus, the study attempts to explore the link between an expanded formal financial system and poverty alleviation through smooth consumption levels, providing access to credit and investment facilities to the individuals. For this purpose, the household level data of Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for the time-period of 2013–2014 to evaluate the microlevel effect of formal financial inclusion, realizing solitarily for the remittance receiving households have been used. The well-being of households receiving formal financial inflows got highly affected by facilitating the remittance receivers through instant, reliable and frequent transfer of funds. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to investigate the effect of formal financial transfers on the socio-economic status of remittance receiving and nonreceiving individuals. The outcomes of the study suggest that the household welfare is greatly influenced by the formal financial inclusiveness along with other variables such as annual income, education level of the family, number of earning members, loans borrowed by the family, land and building ownership, and the head employed are found to be positively and significantly determining the household’s welfare.
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Kalvari, Lauren. "A Critical Reflection: Exposing Whiteness in Child Welfare Practice". First Peoples Child & Family Review 17, nr 1 (20.03.2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1097722ar.
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This critical reflection is based on my practice encounter as a white settler social worker within the context of Child Welfare, in rural Canada during the late 1990s. This paper is in line with Karen Healy’s (2001) notion of critical social work, as a means to enhance systemic and related child welfare social worker practice. More specifically this paper addresses, through a specific case encounter with an Indigenous mother, how white settler social workers are systemically entangled in perpetuating acts of oppression. This critical reflection enables the reader to become aware of how mainstream social work practice, has the ability to unintentionally harm those service receivers that it actually intends to help. This paper critically addresses discourse around professional innocence, the risks of professional knowledge, representational violence and ethical practice dilemmas, within the context of a disguised practice encounter. The relevance of this critical reflection may be seen as a social justice initiative, catered predominantly towards white settler front line practitioners. These challenges are originating from within our own practices. Our practices are historically embedded in systemic colonial forms of discrimination and racism against First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities. I bring light to how white settler social workers should confront their own personal and professional pre-conceived notions, biases, and misconceptions and instead, implement anti-racist and anti-discriminatory practices within their work. This process begins with critical self-reflection.
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Hansen, Bradley. "The People's Welfare and the Origins of Corporate Reorganization: The Wabash Receivership Reconsidered". Business History Review 74, nr 3 (2000): 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116432.
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The 1884 receivership of the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway is widely regarded as a turning point in the development of corporate insolvency law. It is said to have created a “new-fashioned receivership,” which enabled debtors to initiate and, to a great extent, control receiverships. It is said that these new-fashioned receiverships facilitated reorganization of the insolvent firm at the expense of creditors' rights. An examination of the history of railroad receiverships reveals that for decades before 1884 judges allowed managers to initiate receiverships, appointed managers as receivers, and forced creditors to accept changes in their contractual rights. Judges also refused to extend reorganization procedures to corporations outside the railroad industry, justifying their special treatment of railroads on the grounds that the foremost obligation of railroads was to serve the public. Analysis of railroad bond prices supports the conclusion that creditors' rights were not transformed by the courts in the mid-1880s.
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Sedrpoushan, Najmeh, Mohammad Reza Iravani i Narges Khatoon Mansourzadeh. "A social work study on measuring the effects of social cognitive consultation on welfare receivers' entrepreneurship attitudes and behavior". Management Science Letters 2, nr 4 (1.07.2012): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2012.03.021.
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Sommer, Mona, i Tone Saevi. "Lived Space and Support as Interrelated Phenomena in the Context of Young People with Mental Health Problems". Phenomenology & Practice 12, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29357.
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The Norwegian welfare system due to human rights is in charge of providing necessary supportof life to every citizen in terms of a safe place to live, the opportunity to education oremployment and meaningful life accomplishments. We explore how public sustenance isexperienced by a group of young receivers of public support. The article is one of three substudiesdrawing on empirical material from in-depth interviews with 14 young adults withmental health challenges and experiences from being partly or fully out of school or work. Theinterviews reveal that in particular three aspects of support are significant to the young. Theseare personal and shared space (e.g., supportive personal and professional relationships), theopportunity of a safe home, and the prospect of not being trapped for a lengthy time in theirproblems (an effective ‘standstill’ or suspension of agency of life), but be part of the “world outthere.” Could public support provide some temporary or permanent help with regard to thesebasic aspects of life? We explore in this article the potential interrelatedness between space andsupport in a hermeneutic phenomenological manner with basis in experiences from four of theyoung in the study. David, Mia, Oda and Simon (all pseudonyms) each in their way, describemoments where support and space seem to be existentially and experientially interconnected.We wonder if analysis of the two phenomena can inform our understanding of the qualities thatcharacterize what we might call a ‘supportive’ environment within public welfare.
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TZAFERI, DIMITRA. "TAIL-RISK DEPENDENCE NETWORKS IN THE US COMMODITY SECTORS. HAS COVID-19 MADE A THING?" INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 5, nr 1 (2022): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/ijaeb.2023.v05i01.03.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the tail-risk dependence networks in the US commodity sectors: agriculture, livestock, energy, industrial and precious metals before and during COVID-19. Applying penalised quantile regression models extended with the dummy variable for the COVID-19 period in daily commodity returns and in the time horizon 3/1/2012 to 31/5/2022, CoVaR estimations are provided. The main empirical results are that (i) COVID has affected the tail-risk connectedness between commodities in the case of their extreme good events (ii) energy sector has remained a risk receiver in the risk-network of commodities independently of their conditions (welfare, burst) and (iii) the risk transmission linkages between commodity sectors are mostly positive. As a result, all commodity markets counterparts (farmers, investors, policymakers, governments) should not ignore pandemic uncertainties, as well that shocks in the other commodities sectors can control the booms and bursts of the energy sector. Finally, commodity markets seem to attract more speculators than hedgers. To the best of author(s) knowledge this is the first research paper that examines formally potential difference in the pattern of the tail risk dependence of the 5 US commodity sectors with respect to COVID’s existence and defines new connectedness measures for the detection of the tailrisk net transmitters and receivers of the US commodity sectors’ network.
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Boodman, Eva. "Medical Colonialism and the Power to Care: Unsettling Participatory Inclusion in the Settler-State Care Paradigm". Hypatia 38, nr 2 (2023): 330–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2023.24.
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AbstractThis article looks at the implications of medical colonialism in Canada for the feminist concept of care. Because medical colonialism is an ongoing material relation where “good” settler care cannot be separated from Indigenous dispossession, I defend the view that care and violence can be coextensive and suggest that a decolonial care ethic needs to disrupt the directionality of care as flowing from agential carers toward colonized care-receivers. I argue that contemporary medical colonialism should indeed be understood as a form of care if structural harm is to be addressed in practice, and trouble the notion of inclusion at work in some contemporary theories of care. By finding demands for assimilationist “participatory inclusion” in examples of government-run, Indigenous-serving care services, I caution against the implicit settler-colonial assumptions in notions of “caring democracies” and “caring societies” on the welfare-state model. If care is political and can participate in the normative pressures of civic assimilation, then to “decolonize” it through refraction, disruption, infiltration, disconnection, re-appropriation, and resistance also means to “decolonize” citizenship and civic life in the interests of Indigenous self-determination, rather than presumed inclusion in settler-state processes.
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Costa, Débora Lisboa, Lília Iêda Chaves Cavalcante i Bianca Reis Fonseca. "Profile of prosocial behaviors of institutionalized children at a school yard". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 10, supp1 (15.11.2016): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v10isupp1.242.
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Prosocial behavior refers to actions directed to the welfare of the others and it is influenced by physical and social aspects of the environment. This study objected to investigate chiefly the occurrences of care behavior among institutionalized children. Four boys and one girl took part in this study, with ages between four and six years old, who were observed in the yard of the school. A total of ten sessions of twenty-five-minute were recorded for each focal subject, summing 250 minutes of recordings. At total, 26 behavioral events which denoted care with the others were identified and organized into the following categories: Helping, Care-taking playing, Establishing affectionate contact, and Entertaining. The results indicate that while participants are at the school yard, the most demonstrated behavior subcategory involves cooperation attitudes (Helping subcategory). The data also show that male focal subjects who were older than five years old and were at school for less than 15 months would emit more care behaviors. Concerning receivers, it was found that the girls who were studying at school, younger children and the ones who had less time in the institution received more prosocial behavior. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to future researches while investigating prosocial behavior in educational settings, especially when they involve special populations, such as children who live in shelter institutions. Similarly, studies like this can encourage the development of (pedagogic-political and other) projects in institutions for children in order to stimulate prosocial behavior among peers.
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Wierig, Maren, Leonard Mandtler, Peter Rottmann, Viktor Stroh, Ute Müller, Wolfgang Büscher i Lutz Plümer. "Recording Heart Rate Variability of Dairy Cows to the Cloud—Why Smartphones Provide Smart Solutions". Sensors 18, nr 8 (3.08.2018): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082541.
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In the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in animal protection and welfare issues. Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement with portable heart rate monitors on cows has established itself as a suitable method for assessing physiological states. However, more forward-looking technologies, already successfully applied to evaluate HRV data, are pushing the market. This study examines the validity and usability of collecting HRV data by exchanging the Polar watch V800 as a receiving unit of the data compared to a custom smartphone application on cows. Therefore, both receivers tap one signal sent by the Polar H7 transmitter simultaneously. Furthermore, there is a lack of suitable methods for the preparation and calculation of HRV parameters, especially for livestock. A method is presented for calculating more robust time domain HRV parameters via median formation. The comparisons of the respective simultaneous recordings were conducted after artifact correction for time domain HRV parameters. High correlations (r = 0.82–0.98) for cows as well as for control data set in human being (r = 0.98–0.99) were found. The utilization of smart devices and the robust method to determine time domain HRV parameters may be suitable to generate valid HRV data on cows in field-based settings.
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HINDLE, STEVE. "POWER, POOR RELIEF, AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN HOLLAND FEN, c. 1600–1800". Historical Journal 41, nr 1 (marzec 1998): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007656.
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In a recent contribution to the debate over the operational significance of the Old Poor Law, Peter Solar has argued that ‘the local financing of poor relief gave English property owners, individually and collectively, a direct pecuniary interest in ensuring that the parish's demographic and economic development was balanced’. His survey of the implications of the attempt to maintain this equilibrium, however, fails to take account of the social and political relationships between rate-payers, rate-receivers, and parish officers. In seeking to integrate considerations of power into the analysis of the relief of the poor, by contrast, this paper locates social welfare provision in the context of the authority structures of several parishes in Holland Fen (Lincolnshire) over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It emphasizes the role of the parish vestry in regulating and relieving the poor; demonstrates the extraordinary scale of poor relief in the local context; and argues that even in the open parishes of the Lincolnshire fenland, hostility to poor migrants could be marked, resulting even in the prohibition of the marriages of the poor. The politics of the poor rate implied the exclusion of poor strangers in the interests of relieving the ancient settled poor.
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García-Muñoz, Teresa María, i Juliette Milgram-Baleix. "Explaining Attitudes Towards Immigration: The Role of Economic Factors". Politics and Governance 9, nr 4 (28.10.2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4487.
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In this article, we investigate the determinants of individuals’ opinions concerning the economic impact of immigrants. Unlike most previous studies, we use a large sample of 61 countries (Joint WVS/EVS 2017–2020 dataset) that are either net receivers or net emitters of migrants. Using a multilevel model, we test the effect of individuals’ characteristics and of several macroeconomic variables on the assessment of immigrants’ impact on development. We highlight that natives’ evaluation of the economic consequences of immigration is more influenced by age, trust, education, and income than by contextual variables such as growth, inflation, inequalities, income level, or number of immigrants in the country. Our results match with the hypothesis that immigrants are considered substitutes for low- and medium-skilled workers in capital-abundant countries. However, neither labour-market nor welfare-state considerations can be considered as the main drivers of the appraisals made about the economic impact of immigration. Our results tend to confirm the prediction that greater contact with immigrants reduces anti-immigrant opinions, in particular for skilled people. In contrast, immigrant inflows lead low- and medium-skilled people to make worse judgments concerning the economic consequences of immigration. All in all, our results validate the view that education comprises a major part of the cognitive assessment of the role played by immigrants in the economy, at least in high-income countries.
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Ibrahim, Nurdin. "PENGARUH PROGRAM BLOCK GRANT KECAKAPAN HIDUP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS". Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 17, nr IX (30.04.2008): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.171.4.
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The aim of this study is to examine the differences in learning achievement in English between the students who receives Block Grant and who don’t. This study was conducted in 2005 at Jakarta Public Senior Highschools which received Block Grant Welfare Program and Jakarta Public Senior Highschools which didn’t receive Block Grant Welfare Program in 2003, located in East, Central, and North Jakarta. This study used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with additional approach Tuckey Test at á=0,05, and used expost facto and a 2x2 factorial design. The result of hypotheses testing shows that: first, in overall, there is a significant difference found between English achievement of student who received Block Grant and who didn’t receive Block Grant. Second, there is an interaction between enteryng behaviors and Block Grant Welfare Program to the students’ achievement in English.
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Weston, Janet. "Citizenship, Vulnerability and Mental Incapacity in England, 1900–1960s". Medical History 63, nr 3 (18.06.2019): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.27.
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Over the twentieth century, the Lunacy Office (renamed the Court of Protection in 1947) was responsible for appointing ‘receivers’ to manage the property of adults in England who were found incapable of managing their own affairs. Tens of thousands of people were in this position by the 1920s, and numbers continued to grow until after Second World War. This article uses the archives of the Office to examine the evolution of the concept of mental incapacity over the first half of the twentieth century, offering a corrective to the popular impression that the time before the Mental Capacity Act of 2005 was an era of ignorance and bad practice. It examines the changing ways in which being ‘incapable’ was understood and described, with particular reference to shifting ideas of citizenship. I argue that incapacity was not always seen as absolute or permanent in the first half of the century, that models of incapacity began to include perceived vulnerability in the interwar period and that women in particular were seen in this way. From the 1940s, though, the profile of those found incapable was changing, and the growing welfare state and its principles of employment and universality saw the idea of incapacity narrowing and solidifying around knowledge deficits, especially among the elderly. This brings the history of the Lunacy Office into the twentieth century and connects it to current concerns around assessments of mental capacity today.
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Gabler, Colin B., V. Myles Landers i Adam Rapp. "How perceptions of firm environmental and social values influence frontline employee outcomes". Journal of Services Marketing 34, nr 7 (31.07.2020): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-10-2019-0376.
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Purpose More than ever, consideration of the natural environment and social welfare are values that firms must signal to their stakeholders. One way to do this is by adopting an environmental orientation (EO) and pro-social organizational identity (PSOI). The purpose of this paper is to examine how frontline employees (FLEs) respond to these firm-level values through four outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Polynomial structural equation modeling with response surface analysis was implemented on FLEs survey data to uncover how different levels of EO and PSOI impact sales performance, word-of-mouth, turnover intent and job satisfaction. Findings Both firm-level values have a positive and direct effect on all four outcomes. However, each imposes a boundary condition as well. Specifically, salespeople perform better when their firm has a stronger EO, but they are happier in their work, less likely to quit and more likely to spread positive word-of-mouth when PSOI is stronger. Practical implications The results suggest that perceptions of a firm-level EO or PSOI enhance employee-level outcomes. Signaling to employees that your firm cares about the natural environment and the greater social good positively influences employee outcomes, but optimization of each outcome depends on the strength of those values. Originality/value This research answers two specific research calls. First, it applies signaling theory to the workplace context, positioning FLEs as the receivers and feedback mechanisms of firm-level signals. Second, using too-much-of-a-good-thing logic, it uncovers boundary conditions imposed by social and environmental constructs on frontline outcomes.
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Abdukarimova, Zh, i Z. Saktaganova. "The role of children’s reception centers in the fight against child homelessness and neglect in the Kazakh SSR during the war years (1941-1945)". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 145, nr 4 (2023): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523//2616-7255-2023-145-4-8-25.
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Children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War played an important role in the fight against child neglect and homelessness. Their work helped to streamline the process of distributing Soviet children to children's institutions of the People's Commissariat for Health, the People's Commissariat for Education, and the People's Commissariat for Social Welfare. The article deals with the work of children's reception centers in the Kazakh SSR in 1941-1945. On the basis of data from domestic and foreign archives, the authors show that child homelessness and neglect had a constant dynamic of growth during the war years, which became a huge problem of state scale. One of the elements of solving this problem was the mass work of children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD. The number of receivers in the republic was growing, as was their capacity. The authors have identified the main sources of minors' admission to NKVD reception centers, the reasons why children were most often placed in difficult living conditions and their further placement. The authors also study the conditions of children's stay in reception centers by regions of the Kazakh SSR. As well as problems related to the supply of food and clothing allowances, schooling and medical care for children in reception centers. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the problems of functioning of children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD in the Kazakh SSR, as a measure to combat homelessness and neglect, are considered by the authors on the basis of previously unused archival documents
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Abdukarimova, Zh, i Z. Saktaganova. "The role of children’s reception centers in the fight against child homelessness and neglect in the Kazakh SSR during the war years (1941-1945)". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 145, nr 4 (2023): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-145-4-8-25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War played an important role in the fight against child neglect and homelessness. Their work helped to streamline the process of distributing Soviet children to children's institutions of the People's Commissariat for Health, the People's Commissariat for Education, and the People's Commissariat for Social Welfare. The article deals with the work of children's reception centers in the Kazakh SSR in 1941-1945. On the basis of data from domestic and foreign archives, the authors show that child homelessness and neglect had a constant dynamic of growth during the war years, which became a huge problem of state scale. One of the elements of solving this problem was the mass work of children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD. The number of receivers in the republic was growing, as was their capacity. The authors have identified the main sources of minors' admission to NKVD reception centers, the reasons why children were most often placed in difficult living conditions and their further placement. The authors also study the conditions of children's stay in reception centers by regions of the Kazakh SSR. As well as problems related to the supply of food and clothing allowances, schooling and medical care for children in reception centers. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the problems of functioning of children's reception centers-distributors of the NKVD in the Kazakh SSR, as a measure to combat homelessness and neglect, are considered by the authors on the basis of previously unused archival documents
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Zhovnir, M. "OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED PRACTICAL EXAMINATION ON DISCIPLINE “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE” AS TOOL TO ASSESS COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL SDTUDENTS". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, nr 2 (6.07.2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.227.
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High quality higher education is a solid basis of individual and public intellectual property. It is also an integrated part of standard of living and citizens’ welfare. Finally, the mission of higher education is to offer competitive priority to its receivers now and in the future. So, we need to pay our attention on the quality of education. This article focuses on the evaluation of language and communicative competencies of future health care professionals. Health care system is of exceptional importance because the existence and further development of the state institution as a whole is impossible without the full and harmonious functioning of the health care system. The author highlights approaches to monitor students’ knowledge and speaking skills as well as behaviour, attitude. Applying Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) at a medical university, especially at the non-clinical departments has been proven as an effective tool to assess these abilities, describes the design, preparation and procedure of this examination. Some themes within the scope of the material checked («At the hospital admission office. Primary patient assessment. General complaints of the patient»», III year, medical faculty) have been presented and analyzed in details in the context of this examination. Experimental Stations of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination on the discipline «Ukrainian as a Foreign Language» is one of the modern way to evaluate how effectively medical students can communicate and apply language knowledge when simulating commonly encountered scenarios at medical settings. Moreover, the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) can be used for checking of students’ communicative skills. Thus, there are some differences between the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The study has been presented within the anthropocentric scientific paradigm. The methodology included descriptive analytical methods, general linguistic methods, modern methods of comparison, discourse analysis.
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Reyes-Espiritu, Ma Adeinev M. "Homemaking in and with Migrant Churches as Communities of Care". Religions 14, nr 2 (15.02.2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14020257.
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Research on migration and religion reports the significance of religion to migrants, particularly those who self-identify as religious. In particular, migrant churches have served as a sanctuary, a venue for social networking, and a community supportive of migrants’ wellbeing, to name a few things. However, migrant churches are also criticized for the possibility of becoming instruments of control over migrants. Heeding Boccagni and Hondagneu-Sotelo’s invitation to use the “homemaking optic” to inquire into the experience of integration of migrants, this paper analyzes how migrant churches foster migrants’ becoming at home in the receiving societies using Philippine migrant communities as a case study. Data is gathered through semi-structured interviews with ministers and pastoral workers in migrant churches. The qualities that characterize their homemaking through belonging to and serving in a migrant church are “identifying with each other”, “creating a shared space”, “advocating for migrants’ rights and welfare”, “sharing resources”, and “adjusting to the receiving society”. The homemaking optic shifts attention towards the subjective realities of migrants against the background of various inequalities that present homemaking as a struggle for many. Migrant churches, through their values, beliefs, and practices, foster an atmosphere that welcomes, supports, encourages, and accompanies migrants towards becoming at home in the receiving country. Using practical theologian LaMothe’s three “dialectical pairs of personal knowing” proposed to underpin just care relationships, I present how migrant churches become communities of care when members, as care receivers, are recognized as they are and whose real “needs and desires” are acknowledged. In this study, the essential role of migrant churches in migrants’ homemaking is examined, emphasizing the notion that churches function as communities of care as they acknowledge the identities, subjectivities, and agency of their members.
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Calsyn, Robert J., Carol W. Kohfeld i Laurie A. Roades. "Urban homeless people and welfare: Who receives benefits?" American Journal of Community Psychology 21, nr 1 (luty 1993): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00938209.
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Kang, Sang-Hun, i Ji-Min Ahn. "The Impact of the Social Participation of Local Residents of Gyeongsangbuk-do and Their Sense of Community on Depression: Analysis of the Moderating Effects of Digital Capabilities". K Association of Education Research 7, nr 3 (31.12.2022): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48033/jss.7.3.3.
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By analyzing the impact of social participation and sense of community among residents living in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, the study aims to reveal the moderating effect of the digital capability. For this purpose, this study analyzed 250 local residents who lives in Gyeongsangbuk-do and has received services from the Community Welfare Center. The main findings were, first of all, the degree of social participation and the sense of community had a significant impact on their depression. And generally, gender, educational background, and subjective health condition had a significant impact on their depression. Secondly, in the part of digital capability, the subjects with higher scores of digital discomfort scored higher in depression and lower in social participation. Third, it has been proven that depending on the level of discomfort of digital use, the local residents' sense of community has a moderating effect on depression. Based on this research result, the study discussed social welfare practices and policy implications in order to reduce depression and improve the life quality of people who receives welfare services in the community welfare center.
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Ursinus, WW, F. Schepers, RM de Mol, MBM Bracke, JHM Metz i PWG Groot Koerkamp. "COWEL: a decision support system to assess welfare of husbandry systems for dairy cattle". Animal Welfare 18, nr 4 (listopad 2009): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000097x.
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AbstractAnimals have various behavioural and physiological needs that are important for welfare. Fulfilment of these needs depends on the quality of housing, management and animal characteristics. The objective of this study was to develop a model to assign welfare scores to husbandry systems for dairy cattle, based on scientific results, and thereby supporting the design of new, welfare-friendly systems. COWEL is a computer-based decision support system that contains attributes regarding housing and management conditions. These attributes are technical specifications that contain various technical units called levels. These levels are ranked from best-to-worst regarding welfare, based on scientific information about animal-based parameters. This information, inserted in the model as statements, was weighted depending on the impact it has on welfare by using weighting categories. Thereafter, a weighting factor was calculated for each attribute which determines how important an attribute is for welfare. The COWEL model contains 2,343 statements on dairy cattle welfare from 476 sources found during a literature survey. The model was applied to four husbandry systems, namely a tie-stall, cubicle housing, a straw yard and a pasture-based system. The welfare scores, calculated by COWEL for these husbandry systems, correspond with the general opinion about these systems. A tie-stall receives a low and a pasture-based system a high welfare score: 211 and 271, respectively. A husbandry system can receive a maximum of 313 on the welfare scale of COWEL. We conclude that COWEL can be used to rank husbandry systems on a welfare scale, and may be a useful tool to develop new, sustainable and welfare-friendly systems for dairy cattle.
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Jean Pierre Habiyaremye. "Physical Demarcation of Infrastructures and Making Detailed Physical Planning of Kabeza Site". Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, nr 4 (30.05.2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i4.868.
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Physical infrastructure is the basic physical structures required for an economy to function and survive. Rwanda, like other developing countries, its plans focus on the contribution to the solutions of the problems arising due to lack of well-planned local urban upgrading. The infrastructures that allow the access to the services of the population within the country must be maintained, constructed for better achievement of different goals at different levels from the Central Government up to the Sector level. This paper therefore examined the demarcation of the infrastructures and the detailed physical planning as a key component of urban development initiatives. The physical planning sets the boundaries with the purpose of having access to affordable infrastructure services for consumption purposes serves to improve household welfare and affordable housing and promoting a sustainable development for the benefit of the individual, for society and for future generation. The project was conducted in Kabeza Site, Eastern Province, Bugesera District, Ntarama Sector, Kanzenze Cell and Kabeza Village in Republic of Rwanda. Experimental and survey design have used in the assessment of existing physical features around and within the site by observation method using DGNSS Receivers, total stations, and also used participatory approach method. The study involved a detailed topographic survey of existing features on Kabeza site. An interview of stakeholders was conducted during the community meeting. Different software were used to analyze and re-plotting the physical planning. Findings show that the rapid rate of urbanization has led to a rise in informal settlements facing with the problems including lack of sufficient and adequate basic infrastructures. The paper therefore canvassed for immediate evolvement of physical plan that emphasis on keeping commitment to place, establishing the quality recreation areas and diversifying housing options. It was revealed that there is a need to establish a well planned roads, create a more vibrate village centre, light the whole village, establish a water system in the whole village, maintain and upgrade the greening village infrastructures, build community from assessment of the existing land use land cover, make and re-plot the new parcels within the site and to design details physical layout plan of that region. The study recommends the project implementers and partners, particularly the local government units overseeing the project site, to pay attention to the growing income disparity and the exclusion of the poorest from development process. Government should identify measures to minimize the interventions that impact negatively the life of well-being of the poor and women and also to minimize negative impacts on the environment.
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Kamenica, Emir, i Matthew Gentzkow. "Bayesian Persuasion". American Economic Review 101, nr 6 (1.10.2011): 2590–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.6.2590.
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When is it possible for one person to persuade another to change her action? We consider a symmetric information model where a sender chooses a signal to reveal to a receiver, who then takes a noncontractible action that affects the welfare of both players. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a signal that strictly benefits the sender. We characterize sender-optimal signals. We examine comparative statics with respect to the alignment of the sender's and the receiver's preferences. Finally, we apply our results to persuasion by litigators, lobbyists, and salespeople. (JEL D72, D82, D83, K40, M31)
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Cui, Lihang, Wenjie Tang, Xiaoshang Deng i Bing Jiang. "Farm Animal Welfare Is a Field of Interest in China: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace". Animals 13, nr 19 (8.10.2023): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193143.
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Farm animal welfare research conducted in China is not commonly accessed or known outside of China, which may lead to the assumption that farm animal welfare receives relatively little attention in China. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the existing Chinese farm animal welfare literature to provide robust evidence to refute this assumption. A total of 1312 peer-reviewed Chinese studies on farm animal welfare published between March 1992 and June 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. CiteSpace software was used to analyze and visualize the number, species, authors, institutions, journals, and keywords of the papers. In China, farm animal welfare research has gone through the processes of an early stage (1992–2001), rapid-growth stage (2002–2007), and mature stage (2008–present), and the scale of research continues to grow. Notably, swine and chickens have received priority attention in this area. A Matthew effect was observed for authors and institutions, with relatively little collaboration among authors and institutions. Most of the papers were published in a small number of journals, with an apparent agglomeration characteristic. The research hotspots, summarized as “feed and diet”, “environmental impacts and control”, “integrated rearing management”, “injury and disease”, “behavior and technologies for behavior monitoring”, “genetic analysis”, “welfare during transport and slaughter”, “welfare-friendly animal product consumption”, “attitudes toward farm animal welfare”, and “healthy breeding”. The keywords “computer vision”, “recognition”, “temperature”, “precision livestock farming”, “laying hen”, and “behavior”, represent the major research frontiers in the field, which could indicate potential areas of significant future research. The findings of the present bibliometric analysis confirm the fact that farm animal welfare is a field of interest in China. Farm animal welfare research in China tends to be pragmatic, with a strong emphasis on enhancing growth and production performance, as well as product quality, rather than solely concentrating on improving farm animal welfare. This paper provides insightful references that researchers can use to identify and understand the current status and future direction of the farm animal welfare field in China.
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Latif, Syahrul Akmal, i Riky Novarizal. "Child Maltreatment: Neglect of Child Welfare After Sexual Violence". INFLUENCE: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE REVIEW 5, nr 2 (26.05.2023): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influencejournal.v5i2.152.
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The treatment of children receives after experiencing sexual abuse incidents often results in acts of child maltreatment from the family, community, and school. This child maltreatment indicates that there has been a neglect of the well-being of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. This study aims to explain and analyze cases, treatment, and conditions in a group of girls after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. Because so far there are only a few studies that pay special attention to the condition of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. This study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out through the process of reading online news using the search keyword "Sexual abuse against children in Indonesia" through the Google search engine. This study shows that the child maltreatment that children receive after experiencing sexual abuse incidents appears in the form of expulsion of children from their homes, being dismissed from school, and being forced to marry the perpetrators. This context is clear evidence that the welfare of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents has been ignored by their social communities. This study also recommends the importance of comparative studies of cases, treatment, and conditions of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents by interviewing groups of girls and boys who are more empirical.
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Asmaida, Asmaida, i Rogayah Rogayah. "Dampak Program Gerakan Pakan Ikan Mandiri (GERPARI) terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani Ikan di Kelurahan Jembatan Emas Kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batang Hari". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 19, nr 3 (15.10.2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v19i3.737.
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GERPARI Program through giving capital and fish feeding machine to fish farming farmers in Kelurahan Mas Bridge sub-district, Batang Hari District is expected to provide space to farmers to be able to realize the welfare of farmers In accordance with the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) III. Therefore, it is necessary to see the success rate by evaluating and reviewing the program using welfare indicators according to the Central Statistic Agency (BPS) 2015. This research aims (1) describing the welfare condition of farmers of the GERPARI Program in the village of Bridge Mas Pemayung District of Batang Hari, and (2) analyzing the impact of the GERPARI Program on changes in welfare conditions Farmers. The research method is a survey method using questionnaires. Number of samples as many as 25 farmer program recipients. Descriptive analysis is used to obtain an overview of the welfare level of farmers of the GERPARI Program in Jembatan Emas Village using welfare indicators according to BPS, 2015. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyse the impact of the GERPARI Program on the welfare of farmers in Jembatan Emas village. The results of the study showed (1) the welfare level of farmer households of GERPARI Program before receiving the low-category program of 88% and medium category as much as 12%, after receiving the welfare level program of farmers Increased to medium category as much as 44% and with high category as much as 56%. The average level of farmer welfare based on revenue indicators, health, education, levels and consumption patterns, and housing and environment before accepting the program belongs to the low category, while the after receive the program, family consumption standards and patterns, as well as residential and environmental prosperity levels belong to the medium category, while family health and education belong to the high category. (2) The assistance of the program of GERPARI that received fish farming farmers in the Kelurahan Mas Bridge Sub-district of Batang Hari District gave a significant change to the improvement of household welfare of farmers.
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Clegg, Isabella L. K., Mariana Domingues, Elin Ström i Linda Berggren. "Cognitive Foraging Enrichment (but Not Non-Cognitive Enrichment) Improved Several Longer-Term Welfare Indicators in Bottlenose Dolphins". Animals 13, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020238.
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Bottlenose dolphins are the most common cetacean kept globally in zoos and aquaria (hereafter zoos), and are gregarious animals with a mostly opportunistic, generalist feeding strategy in the wild. In zoos, they have limited to no opportunities to express natural foraging behaviours as they receive their daily food ration of dead fish in a series of training sessions. Enrichment provision has increased in recent years, but items are still predominantly simple and floating in nature, and do not always target the animals’ problem-solving or food-acquisition behaviours. These discrepancies run concurrently with the intense debate about dolphin welfare in zoos and how to improve it. The current study used a within-subject design on 11 bottlenose dolphins at Kolmårdens Djurpark and measured how several welfare indicators differed between two treatments of “cognitive” and “non-cognitive” food-based enrichment. The treatments were provided on an alternating basis for eight consecutive weeks: during cognitive enrichment weeks, the animals received items which stimulated their problem-solving and foraging behaviours, and during non-cognitive enrichment weeks, they received simple items paired with fish (to eliminate bias due to food value). Data were taken related to several multidisciplinary welfare parameters during enrichment provision and training sessions, and to activity budget behaviours throughout the week. During the cognitive as opposed to non-cognitive enrichment weeks, the dolphins engaged more with the enrichment, were more motivated to participate in training sessions and performed less anticipatory and stereotypic behaviours, suggesting that cognitive enrichment improved several indicators of bottlenose dolphin welfare. Valuable lines of further investigation would be to understand how individual differences and different types of cognitive enrichment impact potential welfare benefits. Our results suggest that enrichment items promoting cognitive foraging behaviours may improve dolphin welfare, and therefore zoos might prioritise giving cognitive enrichment to this species as well as considering the same for other species with similar cognitive skills and foraging ecologies.
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Riva, Egidio, i Roberto Rizza. "Who receives occupational welfare? The importance of skills across Europe’s diverse industrial relations regimes". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 27, nr 1 (11.01.2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258920980635.
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This study investigates the association between eligibility for occupational welfare and employees’ skill levels. In particular, building on Visser’s classification, we explore (i) the extent to which this relationship is moderated by industrial relations regimes and (ii) whether the moderating effect of industrial relations regimes has changed over time. Analyses draw on the latest three waves (2005, 2010, 2015) of the European Working Conditions Survey, and consider a nationally representative sample (N = 64,122) of employees in 30 European countries (the then 28 EU Member States plus Norway and Turkey). Findings indicate a significant, persistent, skill-biased disparity in access to occupational welfare in any industrial relations regime, with the only exception of the organised corporatism regime (that is, the Nordic countries).
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Chen, Cuiping, i Tao (Tony) Gao. "Sender outcomes of online word-of-mouth transmission". Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, nr 1 (14.01.2019): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2017-2452.
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Purpose Despite the importance of online word-of-mouth (WOM) communication to senders, receivers and concerned companies alike, a surprisingly limited amount of research exists on the impacts of online WOM participation on the senders themselves. Motivated by an attempt to fill this significant gap in the literature, this paper aims to investigate the sender outcomes of online WOM participation. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on insights from focus group studies and psychological theories of emotions, catharsis and regret and the signaling theory to develop a conceptual model linking the drivers and content characteristics of online WOM participation and sender outcomes. Findings The findings show that sender outcomes from online WOM transmission differ by the types of drivers stimulating the online sharing activity and the level of exaggeration in the senders’ self-generated contents. Specifically, online WOM triggered by emotions leads to catharsis and emotional homeostasis among the senders, while that stimulated by motivational drivers such as altruism, reciprocity, self-enhancement and belongingness leads to sender happiness. Exaggeration in self-generated WOM contents by the senders, in turn, leads to delayed outcomes of sender regret and reduced sender trust in general online WOM contents. Research limitations/implications The most important contribution to online WOM research lies in the study of the outcomes of WOM transmission from a sender’s point of view. By drawing on our exploratory findings and psychological theories of emotions, catharsis and regret and the signaling theory, the authors develop a conceptual model linking the drivers and the exaggeration nature of online WOM participation and sender outcomes. Practical implications Managers should realize that the most fundamental way of ensuring positive consumption experiences is to listen to customer voices, including even the most negative of feedback shared privately or publicly, and use that information to improve essential customer experience aspects. The finding on the effects of online WOM exaggerations on sender regret suggests that companies and consumers alike should work on ensuring producing more accurate and complete online customer reviews. The finding on the negative effect of online WOM exaggerations on sender trust raises an important question on the meaning of high quality reviews from the company’s perspective. To pursue high quality reviews, merchants should not only aim at receiving the highest possible numeric ratings but also encourage most truthful accounts of purchase and usage experiences. In turn, online platforms such as Amazon should also factor the quality of online ratings more effectively into their product recommendation algorithms. Social implications In further consideration of consumer welfare implications, online WOM transmissions should be more recognized as a tool for allowing consumers to cleanse their emotions associated with marketing stimuli. Originality/value Overall, the qualitative study and proposed conceptual model contribute to a more thorough and deeper understanding of individual-level sender outcomes of online WOM participation.
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Frederiksen, Morten. "Varieties of Scandinavian universalism". Acta Sociologica 61, nr 1 (21.04.2017): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699317699258.
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Attitudes research shows that the Scandinavian, universal welfare regime receives strong popular support. Why the inhabitants consider this universal model of welfare appropriate is, however, all but unknown. This paper explores the level of welfare attitudes and welfare legitimacy to investigate the cultural standards of worth which justify the universal welfare state to people in Sweden and Denmark. A total of 115 qualitative interviews conducted in Denmark and Sweden in 2013–2014 are analysed to determine and compare the principles of valuation Danes and Swedes employ in evaluating their universal welfare states. Findings include a general cross-country consensus on generalised reciprocity; however, Swedes emphasise security and emancipation, while, in contrast, Danes emphasise societal efficiency and risk pooling.
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Sunstein, Cass R. "Behavioral Welfare Economics". Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 11, nr 2 (2020): 196–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.14.
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AbstractA growing body of normative work explores whether and how deference to people’s choices might be reconciled with behavioral findings about human error. This work has strong implications for economic analysis of law, cost–benefit analysis, and regulatory policy. In light of behavioral findings, regulators should adopt a working presumption in favor of respect for people’s self-regarding choices, but only if those choices are adequately informed and sufficiently free from behavioral biases. The working presumption should itself be rebuttable on welfare grounds, with an understanding that the ends that people choose might make their lives go less well. For example, people might die prematurely or suffer from serious illness, and what they receive in return might not (on any plausible account of welfare) be nearly enough. The underlying reason might involve a lack of information or a behavioral bias, identifiable or not, in which case intervention can fit with the working presumption, but the real problem might involve philosophical questions about the proper understanding of welfare, and about what it means for people to have a good life.
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Andrade, Carlos. "The Economics of Welfare Participation and Welfare Stigma: A Review". Public Finance and Management 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 294–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210200200201.
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The basic assumption of consumer demand theory stating that “more is better than less” appears to be violated by those individuals who, although eligible for welfare support, do not claim the benefits which they are entitled to receive. Take-up rates in different countries and in different programs range between 80% and only 25%. This paper reviews the main empirical studies of welfare participation, identifying the individual or household characteristics associated with different levels of participation in welfare programs. We conclude that low take-up rates cannot be satisfactorily explained by lack of information or by heavy transaction costs. in fact, there is some evidence that the psychological cost of claiming benefits, also known as welfare stigma, is probably the main determinant of low take-up rates. the decision not to take-up welfare benefits can be modeled as a rational, utility-maximising decision. the second part of this paper reviews the few contributions to an economic theory of welfare stigma and proposes some areas for future research on welfare take-up.
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Dalla Costa, Emanuela, Francesca Dai, Leigh Margaret Anne Murray, Simona Cannas, Elisabetta Canali, Adroaldo José Zanella i Michela Minero. "The development of the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for donkeys". Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 58 (1.04.2021): e173333. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2021.173333.
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The donkey population has increased in the last 10 years, with an estimated 50 million donkeys currently worldwide. Donkey welfare, meanwhile, is an increasing global concern that receives close public scrutiny. However, multiple challenges are surrounding how donkey welfare is assessed and recorded. The Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) project is the first project, funded by the European Commission, intended to improve donkey welfare by developing a scientifically sound and practical on-farm welfare assessment protocol. The present study describes the procedure for the development of the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for donkeys: 1) selection of promising welfare indicators; 2) research to cover gaps in knowledge; 3) stakeholder consultation; 4) testing the prototype protocol on-farm. The proposed two-level strategy improved on-farm feasibility, while the AWIN donkey app enables the standardized collection of data with prompt results. Although limitations are linked with a relatively small reference population, the AWIN welfare assessment protocol represents the first scientific and standardized approach to evaluate donkey welfare on-farm.
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Armstrong, Mary I., Melissa Hope Johnson, John Robst, Areana Cruz, Monica Landers i Amy Vargo. "Services Received vs Services Needed by Families in Child Welfare Systems". International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice 2, nr 3 (24.07.2019): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42448-019-00019-4.
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Haddy, Emily, Faith Burden, José Antonio Fernando-Martínez, Dafne Legaria-Ramírez, Zoe Raw, Julia Brown, Juliane Kaminski i Leanne Proops. "Evaluation of long-term welfare initiatives on working equid welfare and social transmission of knowledge in Mexico". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (4.05.2021): e0251002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251002.
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Working equids play an essential role in supporting livelihoods, providing resilience and income security to people around the world, yet their welfare is often poor. Consequently, animal welfare focussed NGOs employ a range of initiatives aimed at improving standards of working equid welfare. However, there is debate surrounding the efficacy of welfare initiatives utilised and long term monitoring and evaluation of initiatives is rarely undertaken. This study compares equid welfare and the social transmission of welfare information across Mexican communities that had previously received differing intervention histories (veterinary treatment plus educational initiatives, veterinary treatment only and control communities) in order to assess their efficacy. Indicators of equid welfare were assessed using the Equid Assessment Research and Scoping tool and included body condition score, skin alterations, lameness, general health status and reaction to observer approach. Owners were interviewed about their involvement in previous welfare initiatives, beliefs regarding equid emotions and pain, and the social transmission of welfare knowledge, including whether they ask advice about their equid or discuss its health with others and whether there is a specific individual that they consider to be ‘good with equids’ in their community. In total 266 owners were interviewed from 25 communities across three states. Better welfare (specifically body condition and skin alteration scores) was seen in communities where a history of combined free veterinary treatment and educational initiatives had taken place compared to those that had only received veterinary treatment or control communities. The social transfer of welfare knowledge was also higher in these communities, suggesting that the discussion and transfer of equid welfare advice within communities can act as a mechanism to disseminate good welfare practices more widely. Our results suggest that using a combined approach may enhance the success of welfare initiatives, a finding that may impact future NGO programming.
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Hafizi, Muhammad Riza, i Putri Mei Ismil Kholifah. "Peranan Lembaga Amil Zakat Infak dan Sedekah Muhammadiyah dalam Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Bukti dari Kalimantan Tengah". Journal of Islamic Social Finance Management 2, nr 1 (10.05.2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/jisfim.v2i1.3616.
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This study aims to determine the role of the amil zakat infaq and alms Muhammadiyah institutions in the welfare of society. This research approach uses a qualitative methodology, using qualitative descriptive methods. Qualitative data through semi-structured interviews observation and documentation are also used. Meanwhile, the data validation technique used the source triangulation technique. Data analysis uses the collections, reduction, display, and verification methods. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it is known that LAZISMU's role in the welfare of the community where the fundraising mechanism uses several methods, namely digital fundraising collection, coming directly, direct pick-up, and via transfer. Second, the distribution of ZIS funds is carried out by LAZISMU management assisted by volunteers supported by a database of people who are entitled to receive assistance to simplify the distribution road map. Third, the results of the study found that the socio-economic changes of the community receiving ZIS funds were greatly helped by the assistance that was received, and with the Covid 19 pandemic, LAZISMU management held a Covid 19 alert program. Keywords: Amil Zakat Institution, LAZISMU, Welfare, ZIS, Distribution
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Vinke, C. M. "Some Comments on the Review of Nimon and Broom on the Welfare of Farmed Mink". Animal Welfare 10, nr 3 (sierpień 2001): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600024088.
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AbstractFur-farming is a politically sensitive issue today. Therefore, discussions on the welfare situation of commercially farmed fur animals may be particularly valuable. The aim of this Short Communication is to address some issues, in addition to those covered in the review of Nimon and Broom on the welfare of farmed mink (Animal Welfare 1999, 8: 205-228), that may have received too little attention. This Short Communication addresses domestication and animal welfare, indispensable resources and behaviours of farmed mink, and the use of negative and positive indicators of welfare in research on farmed mink.
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WILLIAMS, FIONA. "Good-enough Principles for Welfare". Journal of Social Policy 28, nr 4 (październik 1999): 667–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005760.
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The aim of this article is to widen the grounds of the debate on the relationship between values, social change and welfare reform. In the public debate on welfare reform and the Third Way the significance of the welfare politics and campaigns of civil society in challenging the old welfare order has received little acknowledgement. The article argues that these politics and campaigns have, along with both the New Right and New Labour, attempted to construct a new vision of an ‘active welfare subject’. In the process they have also expanded the moral repertoire for understanding people's engagement with welfare beyond the self-interest/altruism dichotomy. The article uses this new repertoire to propose seven key principles for a reordering of the social relations of welfare.
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Kristó, Katalin. "Welfare Theories in Family Politics". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 14, nr 1 (31.03.2015): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2015.1.4.
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The welfare state is one of the most frequently used social scence terms that causes arguments or political discussions. The role of the state in the development of its social role has changed through time, and parallel with this, the term welfare state has changed too, as well as theories regarding the welfare state. In this study, the author’s main goal is to summarise the different theories of the welfare state. Following this, a special approach will be shown in terms of the categorization of the welfare state to show its role in a special welfare: i.e. in what ways does it supports families. This view has not received much attention in detail in the literature so far.
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Sihabudin, Ahmad, Idi Dimyati i Melati Mediana Tobing. "Welfare Improvement Models and Strategies through Dissemination of Family Planning Information in the Remote Indigenous Community of Baduy". Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 7, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v7i2.704.
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There are many types of contraceptives used by the Baduy remote indigenous communities (Baduy KAT) in Lebak regency, Banten, West Java, Indonesia. According to data, the number of family planning acceptors among the Baduy community stood at 1,529 in February 2021 comprising 1,503 in Outer Baduy and 26 in Inner Baduy. In the beginning, most Baduy KAT used implants before they changed contraceptives of their choice. This study aims to reveal what channels are used to disseminate information about family planning, as well as to ensure the effectiveness of the innovations about family planning information they receive. The method used is explanatory survey, with a frequency distribution to analyze and determine the relationship between variables and Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that most respondents or 49% received family planning information from their relatives, 22% received it from health workers (posyandu cadres), 21% received it from village officials, 7% received it from indigenous community leaders (kakolot), and only 1% received it from the media. This study found that there is a fairly strong relationship between communication channels and the effectiveness of innovation acceptance. Most of the respondents stated that they decided to accept the family planning innovations concept within 6 months by using humans as a communication channel, such as their relatives, health workers, village officials, and kakolot leaders.
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Sales, Rosemary. "Giving More than they Receive? Migrant Women and Welfare in Britain". International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 3, nr 3 (listopad 2007): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17479894200700015.
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