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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Weedy biomass”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Weedy biomass"

Place, G. T., S. C. Reberg-Horton, D. L. Jordan, T. G. Isleib i G. G. Wilkerson. "Influence of Virginia Market Type Genotype on Peanut Response to Weed Interference". Peanut Science 39, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps10-12.1.

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Abstract Differences in the ability of cultivars to compete with weeds are not well-defined for peanut. Research was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to compare the growth and competitiveness of the virginia market type cultivars NC 10C, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Phillips, VA 98R, and breeding lines N99027L, N01013T, and N02020J under weedy and weed-free conditions. Weed-free peanut was established by applying preemergence and postemergence herbicides throughout the growing season supplemented by weekly hand removal of weeds. Clethodim was applied to weedy peanut to eliminate annual grass interference but not interference from broadleaf weeds and sedges. Weed-free peanut biomass, weedy peanut biomass, and weed biomass were not affected by genotype 10 weeks after peanut emergence. Although substantial yield loss was noted in presence of weeds, the percent yield loss did not vary by genotype when comparing weedy and weed-free yield. These data suggest that cultivar selection within virginia market type peanut will have limited utility in a comprehensive weed management strategy.

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Mahajan, Gulshan, Mugalodi S. Ramesha i Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Response of Rice Genotypes to Weed Competition in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice in India". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641589.

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The differential weed-competitive abilities of eight rice genotypes and the traits that may confer such attributes were investigated under partial weedy and weed-free conditions in naturally occurring weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The results showed genotypic differences in competitiveness against weeds. In weed-free plots, grain yield varied from 6.6 to 8.9 t ha−1across different genotypes; it was lowest for PR-115 and highest for the hybrid H-97158. In partial weedy plots, grain yield and weed biomass at flowering varied from 3.6 to 6.7 t ha−1and from 174 to 419 g m−2, respectively. In partial weedy plots, grain yield was lowest for PR-115 and highest for PR-120. Average yield loss due to weed competition ranged from 21 to 46% in different rice genotypes. The study showed that early canopy closure, high leaf area index at early stage, and high root biomass and volume correlated positively with competitiveness. This study suggests that some traits (root biomass, leaf area index, and shoot biomass at the early stage) could play an important role in conferring weed competitiveness and these traits can be explored for dry-seeded rice.

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Chase, Carlene A., Odemari S. Mbuya i Danielle D. Treadwell. "Water Infiltration in Fall Broccoli". HortScience 41, nr 4 (lipiec 2006): 998B—998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.998b.

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The effect of living mulches (LM) on weed suppression, crop growth and yield, and soil hydraulic conductivity were evaluated in broccoli in North Central Florida at Citra and in North Florida at Live Oak, using organic production methods. `Florida 401' rye, `Wrens Abruzzi' rye, black oat, and annual ryegrass, were either mowed or left untreated and compared with weedy and weed-free controls. Cover crop biomass was highest with `Florida 401' at both locations, intermediate with black oat and `Wrens Abruzzi', and lowest with ryegrass. The greatest weed infestation occurred with the weedy control. In Citra, ryegrass decreased weed biomass by 21% compared with ≈45% by the other LM with no differences due to mowing. However, at Live Oak, mowed LM and the weedy control had similar amounts of weed biomass; whereas unmowed LM had 30% to 40% less weed biomass than the weedy control. At both locations, broccoli heights were greatest with the weed-free control, intermediate with the cover crops, and lowest with the weedy control. Total above-ground broccoli biomass and marketable weight of broccoli at Live Oak, and number of marketable heads at both locations, were unaffected by the LM. At Citra, total broccoli biomass with LM and the weedy control decreased in a similar manner, so that total broccoli biomass was highest with the weed-free control. Ryegrass and the weedy control suppressed marketable broccoli weight by 24%; however, greater decrease in marketable weight (39% to 43%) occurred with `Florida 401', `Wrens Abruzzi', and black oat. At both locations, mowing of LM had no effect on broccoli growth or yield. There was no difference in saturated hydraulic conductivity among treatments.

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Shahbazi, Saeed, Marjan Diyanat, Sareh Mahdavi i Soheida Samadi. "Broadleaf weed control in rain-fed chickpea". Weed Technology 33, nr 5 (13.08.2019): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.40.

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AbstractWeeds are among the main limitations on chickpea production in Iran. The efficacy of herbicide treatments including linuron PPI, imazethapyr PPI, PRE, and POST, pendimethalin PPI and POST, bentazon POST, pyridate POST, and oxadiazon POST along with one or two hand weedings were evaluated for weed control and yield response in rain-fed chickpea in Aleshtar, Lorestan, Iran in 2015 and 2016. Wild safflower, threehorn bedstraw, wild mustard, and hoary cress were the predominant weed species in both experimental years. Total weed dry biomass in weedy check plots averaged 187 and 238 g m−2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and weed density and biomass were reduced in all treatments compared to the weedy check in both years. Treatments composed of pyridate followed by one hand weeding or imazethapyr POST followed by two hand weedings resulted in the lowest weed biomass. The presence of weeds reduced yield by 74% and 66% in the weedy check plots compared to the weed-free control plots in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of oxadiazon, bentazon, and imazethapyr PPI, PRE, and POST resulted in lower chickpea yields. All herbicides tested injured chickpea slightly, with pyridate causing the least injury.

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Rezvani, M., F. Zaefarian i M. Jovieni. "Weed suppression ability of six soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties under natural weed development conditions". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 61, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.61.2013.1.5.

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The weed suppression ability of different soybean varieties was studied in a field experiment in 2010. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design using a split-plot arrangement with 3 replicates. The main plots were either weedfree (hand weeding) or infested with the natural weed population (weedy). Six soybean varieties (Sari, Telar, Sahar, Hill, 032 and 033) were randomized within the main plots. The relative biomass total (RBT), relative crowding coefficient (RCCcw) and competitive balance index (Cb) were recorded and were regressed against crop traits under weedy conditions. The results showed a reduction in the maximum height of the soybean varieties under weedy conditions. No significant relationship was found between weed biomass and the canopy height of the varieties. Competition indices and the weed suppressive ability of soybean showed intergenotypic variation in competitive ability between the varieties tested. Weed pressure reduced the yield and yield components of all the soybean varieties. Under weedy conditions the soybean variety Hill gave a higher economic yield than the others, with high weed biomass suppression ability.

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Bordelon, Bruce P., i Stephen C. Weller. "Cover Crop Effects on Weed Control and Growth of First-year Grapevines". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 801E—801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.801e.

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Four cover crops were evaluated for weed control and effects on first-year vine growth. Winter wheat (cv. Cardinal), rye (cv. Wheeler), oats (cv. Ogle), and hairy vetch (no cultivar name) were either fall- or spring-planted and compared to cultivated and weedy control plots. Cover crop and weed biomass dry weight was collected twice during the growing season. Vines (Vitis labrusca cv. Steuben) were planted in the spring and destructively sampled at the end of the growing season for analysis of leaf area, leaf number, shoot length., shoot number, top growth dry weight, and root system dry weight. None of the vines in cover crop treatments had growth as good as vines in the weed-free check. Vines in the best cover crop treatments had ≈70% as much leaf area, 75% as many leaves, 50% as much shoot dry weight, and 40% as much root dry weight as vines in the weed-free check. Cover crop biomass dry weight and vine growth was greater in fall-planted plots than in spring-planted plots. Despite low cover crop biomass dry weight, spring-planted plots had few weeds (low weed biomass dry weight). However, vine growth in spring-planted plots was not significantly different than vine growth in the weedy check.

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Rasool, Ghulam, Gulshan Mahajan, Rajpaul Yadav, Zarka Hanif i Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. "Row spacing is more important than seeding rate for increasing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) control and grain yield in soybean (Glycine max)". Crop and Pasture Science 68, nr 7 (2017): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17229.

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In Australia, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is planted at a low density in wide rows, and weeds substantially reduce yield because of opportunities for their growth in the wide rows. Field studies were conducted over 2 years at the University of Queensland farm, Gatton, Australia, to assess the effect of row spacing and seeding rate on the competitiveness of soybeans with a model weed, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth). The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design, replicated three times. Main plots comprised two seeding rates (40 and 80 kg ha–1), subplots two row spacings (25 and 75 cm), and sub-subplots four Rhodes grass infestation periods (weedy from planting to maturity, weedy from 3 weeks after planting (WAP) to maturity, weedy from 6 WAP to maturity, and weed-free from planting to maturity). The results showed that seed rate did not influence Rhodes grass biomass or soybean yield. Soybean yield was greater and Rhodes grass biomass was less in the 25-cm rows than the 75-cm rows. For the 25-cm rows, Rhodes grass biomass in the plots infested beyond 3 WAP was 81–89% less than in the season-long weedy plots, whereas for the wider row crop, this reduction was only 60–75%. For the 25-cm rows, soybean yield in the plots infested with Rhodes grass beyond 3 WAP was 30–36% less than under weed-free condition. However, for the 75-cm rows, this reduction was 56–65%. The results suggest that planting soybean in wider rows caused greater reduction in yield and required an earlier weed management program than planting in narrow rows. The study also suggested that narrowing row spacing was more important than increasing seeding rates for improving weed control and soybean grain yield.

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Kubota, Hiroshi, Sylvie A. Quideau, Pierre J. Hucl i Dean M. Spaner. "The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) under organic management in Canada". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, nr 4 (lipiec 2015): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-284.

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Kubota, H., Quideau, S. A., Hucl, P. J. and Spaner, D. M. 2015. The effect of weeds on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 615–627. Understanding the influence of weeds in agroecosystems may aid in developing efficient and sustainable organic wheat production systems. We examined the effect of weeds on soil microbial communities and the performance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic management in Edmonton, AB, Canada. We grew 13 Canadian spring wheat cultivars in organically managed hand-weeded less-weedy and weedy treatments in 2010 and 2011. The less-weedy treatment exhibited greater grain yield and tillers per square meter, while kernel weight, test weight, days to maturity, plant height, grain P and protein content were not altered by weed treatment. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars CDC Go and CDC Kernen were the most yield-stable because they minimized fertile tiller reduction in response to weed pressure (10 and 13% reduction, respectively, compared with the average reduction of 20%). Other cultivars exhibited yield stability through increased kernel weight. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the total phospholipid fatty acid increased in both treatments; however, the rate of this increase was greater in the weedy treatment than the less-weedy treatment (from 2.9 to 3.9%, from 2.8 to 3.1%, respectively). Weed dry biomass was positively correlated with AMF% in the less-weedy treatment only. Organic systems tend to be weedier than conventional systems. We found that weeds are important determinants of AMF proliferation in soil. In addition, choosing wheat cultivars that maintain important yield components under severe weed stress is one strategy to maximize yields in organic systems.

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Ahmadi, Abdol Reza, Saeed Shahbazi i Marjan Diyanat. "Efficacy of Five Herbicides for Weed Control in Rain-Fed Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)". Weed Technology 30, nr 2 (czerwiec 2016): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00125.1.

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Lentil is vulnerable to weed competition because of its short stature, slow establishment, and limited vegetative growth. Although the vast majority of lentil production is under rain-fed conditions, there is a little published information on weed control with herbicides in rain-fed lentils. Field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of nine herbicide treatments including fomesafen, imazethapyr, linuron, pendimethalin, and pyridate alone or in combination compared with one or two hand weeding(s) on weed control and yield response in rain-fed lentil in Khorramabad, Iran in 2012 and 2013. Weed species included catchweed bedstraw, cowcockle, haresear mustard, hoary cress, wild mustard, and wild safflower. Total weed dry biomass in weedy check plots averaged 156 and 170 g m−2 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and weed density and biomass were reduced in all treatments compared to the weedy check in both years. Plots that were hand weeded twice reduced weed biomass the greatest, whereas fomesafen, linuron, or one hand weeding did not control weeds satisfactorily. Noncontrolled weeds reduced lentil yield by 67% both years compared to the weed-free control. Lentil yield in 2013 (1,370 kg ha−1) was higher than in 2012 (1,150 kg ha−1). All herbicides tested injured lentil slightly, with pyridate (1,200 g ai ha−1) and pendimethalin (660 g ai ha−1 plus imazethapyr at 250 to 500 g ai ha−1) causing the least injury. Across all treatments, imazethapyr plus pendimethalin PRE, pyridate POST, and two hand-weeding treatments had the best performance for weed control and lentil yield.

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Awoke Mensa, Teshale Wube i Tariku Simion. "Effect of weed control methods on weed biomass and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed condition in Basketo Special District, Southern Ethiopia". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 9, nr 1 (30.05.2023): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.1.0362.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major crop grown in Basketo Special district by smallholder farmers. However, its production and productivity is challenged by many factors of which weeds are the key factor that reduce the productivity of maize in the district. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at Basketo Special district during 2017 main cropping season under rainfed condition to evaluate weed control methods on weed biomass and grain yield of maize. The experiment consisted of six treatments namely; once hand hoeing at 20 days after crop emergence (DACE), twice hand hoeing at 20 and 40 DACE, Primagram Gold 660SC + once hand hoeing at 40 DACE, Primagram Gold 660SC + twice hand hoeing at 40 and 60 DACE, farmer practice and weedy check. It was laid-out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Weed and crop parameters were collected. The highest maize grain yield and the lowest weed biomass were obtained from Primagram Gold 660SC + twice hand hoeing without significant difference with Primagram Gold 660SC + once hand hoeing whereas the lowest grain yield and highest weed biomass were found in weedy check. Moreover, the results revealed that integration of Primagram Gold 660SC with once (at 40 DACE) and twice (at 40 and 60 DACE) hand hoeing significantly reduced weed density and biomass and gave better maize grain yield and maximize net benefit. Therefore, these two treatments could be recommended to improve maize productivity and net income of the farmers in the study area.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Weedy biomass"

Pittman, Kara Brooke. "High Residue Cover Crops for Annual Weed Suppression in Corn and Soybean Production and Potential for Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) to be Weedy". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82041.

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After termination, cover crop residue can suppress weeds by reducing sunlight, decreasing soil temperature, and providing a physical barrier. Experiments were implemented to monitor horseweed suppression from different cover crops as well as two fall-applied residual herbicide treatments. Results suggest that cover crops, other than forage radish in monoculture, can suppress horseweed more consistently than flumioxazin + paraquat or metribuzin + chlorimuron-ethyl. Cover crop biomass is positively correlated to weed suppression. Subsequent experiments were designed to determine the amount of weed suppression from different cover crop treatments and if carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios or lignin content are also correlated to weed suppression or cover crop residue thickness. Results indicate that cereal rye alone and mixtures containing cereal rye produced the most biomass and suppressed weeds more than hairy vetch, crimson clover, and forage radish alone. Analyses indicate that lignin, as well as biomass, is an important indicator of weed suppression. While cover crops provide many benefits, integrating cover crops into production can be difficult. Hairy vetch, a legume cover crop, can become a weed in subsequent seasons. Multiple experiments were implemented to determine germination phenology and viability of two hairy vetch cultivars, Groff and Purple Bounty, and to determine when viable seed are produced. Almost all germination occurred in the initial cover crop growing season for both cultivars. Both cultivars had <1% of viable seed at the termination of the experiment. These results indicate that seed dormancy is not the primary cause of weediness.
Master of Science in Life Sciences

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Pittman, Kara. "High Residue Cover Crops for Annual Weed Suppression in Corn and Soybean Production and Potential for Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) to be Weedy". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82041.

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Davis, Philip Browning. "The invasion potential and competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (camelina) in rangeland ecosystems". Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/davis/DavisP0510.pdf.

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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (large-seeded false-flax) is a recently introduced oilseed crop in Montana and has potential for large scale production for the biofuel market. However, due to weedy characteristics, the invasive potential of this species is of concern. A need exists to create a pre-entry protocol to accurately assess risk to minimize uncertainty inherent in qualitative weed risk assessment approaches. We assessed the probability of C. sativa to invade rangeland ecosystems of southwest Montana to address this concern. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantitatively assess the invasion potential of C. sativa by collecting demographic data over two years and developing a population dynamics model, 2) compare experimental results and modeling outcomes to predictions suggested by a qualitative weed risk assessment system, and 3) assess the impact of growing conditions on the relative competitiveness of C. sativa and Brassica napus (L.) (canola). Objective 1 was carried out in two contrasting rangeland ecosystems to assess the effects of disturbance and seeding season on emergence, survival, and fecundity rates of C. sativa. Population growth (lambda) was forecasted by developing a population dynamics model. Resulting lambda values from simulations using observed data never exceeded 0.03 and the maximum time to extinction was six years. The low lambda values indicate that the threat of invasion by this species in the studied ecosystems is low. Objective 2 compared quantitative results to predictions from the Australian weed risk assessment (WRA) model. In contrast to experimental results, outcomes from the WRA suggested that this species should not be allowed entry into the region. These opposing results highlight the need for a more comprehensive approach to weed risk assessment. Objective 3 was conducted over three trials in two greenhouses. A replacement series design was used to estimate the effects of soil conditions and the presence of an invasive weed, Bromus tectorum (L.) (cheatgrass, downy brome), on the competitive outcomes between C. sativa and canola. Replacement series diagrams determined that competition occurred and that canola was the superior competitor in all treatments, thus providing further evidence that the invasion potential of C. sativa is low.

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Tolson, Joshua Allen. "THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON WEED POPULATIONS AND BIOMASS, PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC RETURNS, AND FORAGE QUALITY WITH AND WITHOUT GRAZING". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/4.

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Field studies examined the strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, pasture yield, grazing, economics, and forage quality at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide applied in August 2008, and fertilizer applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage and weed biomass collected in May or June of 2009 and 2010. Herbicide treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations, and reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Weed biomass did not differ when comparing all treatments with and without mowing or treatments with or without fertilizer. Forage grass biomass produced was greatest with herbicide plus fertilizer and with the combination of mowing plus herbicide plus fertilizer at all locations in both years. Two years of grazing did not reduce weed populations. Grazing did reduce forage grass and clover biomass at one location, and weed biomass at two locations. Two locations had positive economic returns based on herbicide treatment for weed control and forge yield. Herbicide treatments reduced crude protein at one location and in-vitro true digestibility at two locations.

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Muzangwa, Lindah. "Cover crop biomass production and effects on weeds and soil fertility in a maize-based conservation agriculture system". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/484.

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Low cover crop biomass production is a major obstacle to the success of conservation agriculture currently promoted as panacea to the inherent problem of soil erosion and loss of soil productivity in the Eastern Cape (EC). Therefore, this study evaluated cover crop management strategies for optimizing biomass production for better soil cover, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertility, weed control and maize yields. The strategies tested are cover crop bicultures, selection of an adapted lupin cultivar and seeding rate, and the feasibility of rain fed winter cover cropping. The cover crop experiments were carried in rotation with summer maize between the winter of 2009 and summer of 2010/2011. Biculture trial was carried out by seeding oat (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) at three mixture ratios and as sole crops under irrigation. On a separate irrigated trial, two lupin cultivars (Lupinus angustifolius var Mandelup & Qualinock) were seeded to a range of seeding rate, 40 to 220 kg ha-1. To study the feasibility of rain fed winter cover cropping, oat, vetch, rye (Lolium multiflorum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), radish (Raphanus sativa) and triticale (Triticale secale) were relayed into a maize crop in February, March and April of 2010. The irrigated trials were followed with SC701 maize cultivar, whilst the rain fed trial was followed with DKC61-25 maize cultivar. Bicultures gave higher cover crop biomass than sole vetch, increasing with an increase in the oat component of the mixture. Increased N and P uptake was observed with bicultures compared to sole oat, however, the levels were comparable to sole vetch. Sole vetch increased soil inorganic N and P at maize planting, whilst the slow decomposition by sole oat residue resulted in mineral lock up. Bicultured cover crop residues had intermediate decomposition rates and resulted in optimum levels of inorganic N and P for prolonged periods compared to sole crops. Weed suppression by the bicultures was comparable to sole cover crops. Biculturing technology significantly (P<0.05) increased maize grain yield compared to sole oat and the yields were comparable to those from sole vetch. For lupins, 206 kg ha-1 seeding rate gave the optimum biomass yield. Weed dry weights in both cover crop and maize crop decreased with an increase in lupin biomass. Comparable soil total N and inorganic P values at maize planting, were observed from plots planted to 120, 180 and 220 kg ha-1. Maize grain yield increased with an increase in lupin seeding rate. The study on rain fed winter cover cropping had most cover crop species’ biomass decreasing with each delay in planting except for radish, which increased. Vetch produced the highest amounts of biomass from February and March planting whilst radish had the highest biomass in April planting. The two species resulted in the greatest N improvement compared to the other species. Regardless of the grazing, the grass specie residues managed to persist to the next cropping season and the residue remaining were comparable to that of radish and vetch. Late-planted cover crops had the greatest residue remaining than early-planted, as a result, April planted cover crops provided better weed suppression than March and April planted. Vetch provided the highest maize grain yield (4005 kg ha-1) whilst all other species tested had comparable grain yields. The results suggested that bicultures could be grown to give sufficient biomass for both weed suppression and soil fertility improvement. Furthermore, increasing lupin plant densities improve its function as a cover crop with respect to weed suppression, soil fertility improvement and maize yields. The study also showed that for dry land systems, February and March planted vetch and April planted radish can provide the greatest biomass and maize yield improvement.

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Bedet, Charlotte. "Soil fertility, crop nutrients, weed biomass and insect populations in organic and conventional field corn (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems /". The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196781734832.

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Gavazzi, Michael Joseph. "The Influence of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Water Availability on Herbaceous Weed Development and Planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) and Coppice Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Growth". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36813.

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and coppiced sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) seedlings were grown in competition with a native weed community using soil and seed bank collected near Appomattox, Virginia. Seedlings and weeds were exposed to CO2 (ambient and elevated) and water (water stressed and well watered) treatments for approximately one growing season in closed top chambers.

Weed growth had an effect on tree growth, but the amount of variation in tree biomass explained by weed biomass was very low. It appears that the tree seedlings benefited more from available resources than the herbaceous weeds. The influence of competition with loblolly pine and elevated CO2 did not have an influence on total weed biomass; however, it did favor C3 weed community development regardless of water availability. This suggests that weed community composition may shift toward C3 plants in a future elevated CO2 atmosphere.

Loblolly pine height, diameter, needle, shoot and total biomass were significantly greater in the well watered treatment than the water stressed treatment. Pine root, needle, shoot and total biomass were significantly greater in the elevated treatment than the ambient treatment. While not significant, root biomass of water stressed pine seedlings was 63% greater in the elevated CO2 treatment than the ambient treatment. There was a significant water and CO2 interaction for pine root:shoot ratio. Under elevated CO2, root:shoot ratio was significantly greater in the water stressed treatment than the well watered treatment. In contrast, root:shoot ratio in the ambient treatment was nearly identical under both water treatments. These results indicate that loblolly pine will respond favorably in an elevated CO2 atmosphere, even under dry conditions.

The coppiced sweetgum seedlings responded favorably to well watered conditions with significant increases in leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf, shoot and total biomass compared to water stressed conditions. Leaf, root, shoot+stump and total biomass of sweetgum significantly increased and specific leaf area decreased under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2, but differences were smaller than previous findings. This indicates that coppicing may dampen the growth response to elevated CO2, at least in the initial growth stage after coppicing.
Master of Science

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Gonçalves, Gerlândio Suassuna. "Período crítico de interferência de plantas infestantes e seus efeitos sobre as características fisiológicas e nutricionais em laranjeira ‘pera’, no Amazonas". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4038.

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The determination of the critical period of weed interference is very important because it indicates the phase of the culture in which the management of weed shall be performed, furthermore, it limits the number of weeding and other management practices to the minimum, allowing the plant express its maximum yield potential at lower cost to the producer. The aim of this study was to identify the critical period of weed interference in the culture of orange ‘Pera’ tree by parameters valuated: falling immature fruits, productivity, juice yield, juice chemical characteristics, production of photosynthetic pigments and proline in leaves of orange tree, identify the weed species and their accumulation of biomass and nutrients. The experiment was installed in october 2012 and conducted until september 2014, in Rio Preto da Eva - AM. To define the treatments with and without interference of weeds in orange tree, was taken as reference the water balance in the region. The interference periods were defined considering the degree of water availability or absence in the soil: from october to january; february to may; june to september; october to may; october to January, june to september and february to september; period without weed interference (control treatment), and without producer management practices interference. The control of weed was obtained using the herbicide glyphosate (1.720 g ha-1 e.a.). The characteristics evaluated were: Falling immature fruits, productivity, juice yield, total soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), technological index (TI), chlorophyll production and carotenoids, proline content, biomass accumulation and nutrients by weeds. The treatment with weed interference in the period from october to may increase the fruit drop, reduced the number of fruits per plant and productivity, promoted an increase in soluble solids (SS), total acidity (TA) and reduced values of SS/TA ratio. The different periods of weed interference did not promote significant changes in the contents of chlorophyll a, b, total and of carotenoids in orange tree leaves, but viii promoted significant changes in the free proline content in the leaves. The weed species differ from each other in the accumulation of biomass and nutrients. The critical period of weed interference to the culture of orange ‘Pera’ was from october to may.
A determinação do período crítico de interferência de plantas infestantes é muito importante, pois seu conhecimento indica a fase da cultura em que o manejo das infestantes deve ser realizado, limita o número de capinas e de outras práticas de manejo ao mínimo necessário, possibilitando que a planta expresse o seu máximo potencial produtivo com menor custo para o produtor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o período crítico de interferência de plantas infestantes na cultura da laranja ‘Pera’ pela avaliação dos parâmetros: queda de frutos imaturos, produtividade, rendimento em suco e suas características químicas, produção de pigmentos fotossintéticos e de prolina nas folhas de laranjeira e identificar as espécies infestantes assim como a acumulação de biomassa e de nutrientes por elas. O experimento foi instalado em outubro de 2012 e conduzido até setembro de 2014, no município de Rio Preto da Eva – AM. Para definição dos tratamentos de interferência ou não de plantas infestantes em laranjeira, tomou-se como referência o balanço hídrico da região. Os períodos de interferência estabelecidos levaram em consideração o grau de disponibilidade ou não de água no solo: de outubro a janeiro; fevereiro a maio; junho a setembro; de outubro a maio; outubro a janeiro e de junho a setembro; fevereiro a setembro; sem interferência das plantas infestantes – tratamento controle; e sem interferência com práticas de manejo do produtor. O controle das plantas infestantes foi obtido com uso do herbicida glyphosate (1.720 g ha-1 e.a.). As características avaliadas foram: queda de frutos imaturos, produtividade, rendimento em suco, sólidos solúveis totais (SS), acidez titulável (AT), índice tecnológico (IT), produção de clorofila e de carotenoides, teor de prolina, acumulação de biomassa e nutrientes pelas infestantes. O tratamento com interferência das plantas infestantes no período de outubro a maio aumentou a queda de frutos prematuros, reduziu o número de frutos por planta e a produtividade, promoveu incremento dos sólidos solúveis (SS), da acidez total (AT) e reduziu vi os valores da relação SS/AT. Os diferentes períodos de interferência de plantas infestantes não promoveram alterações significativas nos teores de clorofila a, b, total e de carotenoides em folhas de laranjeira, mas promoveram mudanças significativas no conteúdo de prolina livre nas folhas. As espécies infestantes diferiram entre si na acumulação de biomassa e de nutrientes. O período crítico de interferência de plantas infestantes para a cultura da laranjeira foi de outubro a maio.

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Musunda, Bothwell Zvidzai. "Evaluation of cover crop species for biomass production, weed suppression and maize yields under irrigation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/347.

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Achieving high biomass yields of cover crops has been a challenge to the success of Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in the Eastern Cape (EC). A study was conducted to evaluate strategies for optimizing cover crop biomass production. Trials were carried out to screen summer and winter cover crops, as well as evaluate intercropping patterns and planting dates for biomass, weed suppression and subsequent maize yield under irrigation. Four summer legume cover crop species were evaluated under a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) design. The cover crops were fertilized with 13.34 kg ha-1 of N, 20 kg ha-1 P and 26.66 kg ha-1 K. In the 2008/09 summer season a maize crop was superimposed on the 2007/08 screening trial under no-till. The crop was fertilized with 60 kg ha-1 of N. An intercropping trial was conducted over two seasons as a way of investigating the best way of incorporating cover crops into farmers cropping systems. This was done bearing in mind the limitation of resources such as land. The trial evaluated 3 factors laid as a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-plot design. The main factor was cover crop planting date (planting at maize planting or 2 weeks after maize planting). The sub plot factor was intercropping pattern (strip intercropping and between row intercropping). A trial was also conducted to evaluate the effect of planting date (End of April and mid May) and four winter legume cover crop species on cover crop biomass, weed suppression and maize grain yield. The experiment was laid out as a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. In the subsequent summer season a maize crop was superimposed on the winter trial to test the residual effects of the cover crop species. Another study was conducted to evaluate winter cereal cover crop species for biomass accumulation, weed suppression and subsequent maize grain yield. The cover crops as well as a weedy fallow control plot treatments were laid out as a Randomised Complete Block Design replicated 3 times. In the subsequent summer season a maize crop was superimposed on the site under no-till to evaluate the residual effect of the cover crops on maize. The results showed sunhemp, cowpea and lablab as the best cover crops with high biomass and weed suppression whilst mucuna was the least. Sunhemp consistently yielded higher cover biomass averaging 11200 kg ha-1 over the two seasons whilst mucuna had a consistently lowest average biomass yield of 4050 kg ha-1. These cover crops were above the critical 6 t ha-1 for effective weed suppression. There was a significant (p<0.01) relationship of cover crop dry weight and weed dry weight in both seasons. Subsequent maize grain yield was significantly higher in the sunhemp plots (64.2 %) than the weedy fallow plot. Mucuna, lablab and cowpea had maize grain yield increases of 16.6%, 33% and 43.2% respectively. Intercropping cover crops at maize planting yielded higher cover crop dry weights than a delay in intercropping cover crops. A delay in intercropping resulted in significantly higher average maize grain yield of 4700 kg ha-1 compared to intercropping at maize planting (3800 kg ha-1) and sole maize (4300 kg ha-1) over the two seasons. Strip intercropping also yielded higher (5000 kg ha- 1) average maize grain yield compared to row intercropping (3600 kg ha-1) and sole maize (4300 kg ha-1). There was a significant (p<0.05) relationship between cover crop dry weight in the 2007/08 season and maize grain yield in the 2008/09 season. Early planting grazing vetch gave the highest biomass yield of 8100 kg ha-1 whilst early planted red clover had the lowest biomass of 635 kg ha-1. Low weed dry weights were also obtained from the early planted grazing vetch as opposed to the other treatments. There was a significant (p<0.001) relationship of cover crop dry weight and weed dry weight. In the subsequent 2008/09 summer season early planted grazing vetch had the highest maize yield of 7500 kg ha-1 which was 56.3 % more than the weedy fallow plot had 4800 kg ha-1. The weedy fallow plot also had high weed infestation than the cover crop plots. There were significant (p<0.01) relationships between cover crop dry weight and maize grain yield, winter weed dry weight and maize grain yield and summer weed dry weight and maize grain yield. The results also showed triticale (13900 kg ha-1) as the best winter cover crop for biomass production. Italian ryegrass (6500 kg ha-1) produced the least amount of biomass. In The subsequent maize crop white oats gave highest maize grain yield (6369 kg ha-1) which was 33 % more than the weedy fallow plot (4784 kg ha- 1). There were also significant (p< 0.01) relationships of maize grain yield and winter weed dry weight, maize grain yield and summer growing weeds. The various studies demonstrated that there is opportunity for high biomass production under small scale farmers irrigated conditions using cover crops both in winter and summer. Best bet cover crops were sunhemp, cowpea and lablab for summer and triticale, white oats, barley, Italian ryegrass and grazing vetch for winter. Cover crops can also be incorporated into farmers cropping systems as sole crops or intercrops within the maize based cropping systems. Strip intercropping can be used by farmers as a way of introducing cover crops. Critical to achievement of high biomass is the time of planting cover crops with high biomass when planting is done early. A 2 week delay in strip intercropping cover crop into maize can be used as a way of incorporating cover crops into farmers cropping systems with minimal maize yield reduction.

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Mashingaidze, Nester. "Weed dynamics in low-input dryland smallholder conservation agriculture systems in semi-arid Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24412.

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The reported requirement for a higher weeding effort due to increased weed infestations under conservation agriculture (CA) relative to conventional mouldboard plough tillage is perceived by both smallholder farmers and extension workers as the main limiting factor to the widespread adoption of CA by smallholder farmers in southern Africa. However, proponents of CA argue that weeds are only a problem under CA in the initial two years and decline afterwards resulting in reduced labour requirements for weeding under CA. They further posit that weeds are only major problem where minimum tillage (MT) is adopted without crop residue mulching and diverse crop rotations. This thesis explores the effect of time under CA on weed population dynamics and crop growth under the recommended CA practices and actual smallholder farmer practice in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Assessment of weed and crop growth on a long-term CA experiment at Matopos Research Station revealed that the MT systems of planting basins and ripper tine were associated with higher early season weed density and biomass than conventional early summer mouldboard tillage (CONV) in both the fifth (cowpea phase) and sixth (sorghum phase) years of CA. This increased weed infestation within the first four weeks after planting in CA necessitated early weeding to provide a clean seedbed and avert significant crop yield loss. Maize mulching only suppressed early season weed growth in sorghum mostly at a mulch rate of 8 t ha-1 which is not a mulching rate that is attainable on most smallholder farms. However, the lower maize residue mulch rate of 4 t ha-1 was consistently associated with increased weed emergence and growth as from the middle of the cropping season in both crop species. The increased weed infestations under the mulch were probably due to the creation of ‘safe sites’ with moist conditions and moderate temperatures. The high weed growth under the mulch contributed to the low sorghum grain yield obtained under mulched plots. In addition, maize mulching was also associated with a less diverse weed community that was dominated by the competitive Setaria spp. and difficult to hoe weed Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. However, the weed community under CA was similar to that under CONV tillage with no evidence of a shift to the more difficult to control weed species. The increased early season weed growth and high weed pressure under CA meant that it was still necessary to hoe weed four times within the cropping season to reduce weed infestations and improve crop growth even after four years of recommended CA practices. Early and frequent weeding was effective in reducing weed growth of most species including Setaria spp. and E. indica demonstrating that on smallholder farms where labour is available hoe weeding can provide adequate weed control. The wider spacing recommended for use in CA contributed to the low cowpea and sorghum grain yields obtained under CA compared to CONV tillage. On smallholder farms in Masvingo District, the MT system of planting basin (PB) was the only conservation farming (CF) component adopted by farmers. There was no difference in the total seedling density of the soil weed seed bank and density of emerged weeds in the field in PB and conventional mouldboard ploughing done at first effective rains (CONV tillage). However, the first weeding in PB was done at least 15 days earlier (P < 0.05) than in CONV tillage suggesting high early season weed growth in PB relative to CONV tillage. As weed density did not decline with time in PB, weed management did not differ with increase in years under PB. Shortage of inputs such as seed and fertiliser was identified by smallholder farmers as the most limiting factor in PB crop production with the area under PB was equivalent to the seed and fertiliser provided by CARE International for most farmers. On this small area, weeds could be managed by available family labour. Double the maize grain yield was obtained in PB (mean: 2856 kg ha-1) due to improved weed management and soil fertility. However, the use of poorly stored composts was found to introduce weeds into some PB fields. The findings of this study demonstrated that weed pressure was still high and weed management were still a challenge under the practice recommended to smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe even in the sixth year of practice. There is, therefore, a need for research on the economic feasibility of using herbicides, intercropping and optimal crop density to ameliorate the high weed pressure under CA.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Książki na temat "Weedy biomass"

Tyagi, P. D. Fuel from wastes and weeds. New Delhi: Batra Book Service, 1989.

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Madsen, John Douglas. Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate allocation in a southern population of Eurasian watermilfoil. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1997.

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Boyd, William A. HYDRIL (version 1.0): A simulation model for growth of hydrilla. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1996.

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Devine, Warren D. Estimating tree biomass, carbon, and nitrogen in two vegetation control treatments in an 11-year-old Douglas-fir plantation on a highly productive site. Portland, OR: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2013.

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Części książek na temat "Weedy biomass"

Adak, Anurup, Surender Singh, A. K. Lavanya, Anamika Sharma i Lata Nain. "Sustainable Production of Biofuels from Weedy Biomass and Other Unconventional Lignocellulose Wastes". W Sustainable Biotechnology- Enzymatic Resources of Renewable Energy, 83–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95480-6_4.

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Jagtap, Umesh B., i Ranjit G. Gurav. "Weed Biomass-Based Nanoparticles and Their Applications". W Bioremediation using weeds, 225–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6552-0_10.

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Gilreath, J. P. "Effect of Plant Population on Biomass Production of Six Weed Species". W Biomass Energy Development, 207–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0590-4_19.

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Vinod, Singh Gour, Ravneet Chug i S. L. Kothari. "Weed Biomass as Feedstock for Bioethanol Production: A Review". W Sustainable Biofuel and Biomass, 213–24. Includes bibliographical references and index: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265099-11.

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Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv, i Ashwini Ashok Bedekar. "Seaweed Biomass Utilization Pathways in Microbes and Their Applications in the Production of Biofuels". W Bioremediation using weeds, 99–120. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6552-0_5.

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Aggarwal, Neeraj K., Naveen Kumar i Mahak Mittal. "Potential of Weed Biomass for Bioethanol Production". W Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 65–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05091-6_5.

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Gurav, Ranjit G., Shashi Kant Bhatia, Umesh B. Jagtap, Yung-Hun Yang, Yong-Keun Choi, Jingchun Tang i Amit Bhatnagar. "Utilization of Invasive Weed Biomass for Biochar Production and Its Application in Agriculture and Environmental Clean-up". W Bioremediation using weeds, 207–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6552-0_9.

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Méndez-González, Fernando, Alejandra Pichardo-Sánchez, Ben Hur Espinosa-Ramírez, Nubia R. Rodríguez-Durán, Guadalupe Bustos-Vázquez i Luis V. Rodríguez-Durán. "Valorization of Nonnative Aquatic Weeds Biomass Through Their Conversion to Biofuel". W Handbook of Research on Bioenergy and Biomaterials, 271–81. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105053-11.

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Pergher, Gianfranco, Rino Gubiani i Matia Mainardis. "A Biomass-Fueled Flamer for In-Row Weed Control in Vineyards: An Economic Evaluation". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 381–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39299-4_43.

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Thierfelder, Christian, i Peter Steward. "Increasing adaptation to climate stress by applying conservation agriculture in Southern Africa." W Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 270–83. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0016.

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Abstract Climate change and soil fertility decline are threatening food security in southern Africa and efforts have been made to adapt current cropping systems to the needs of smallholder farmers. Conservation Agriculture (CA) based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop diversification has been proposed as a strategy to address the challenges smallholder farmers face. Here we analyse the potential contributions of CA towards adaptation to the effects of climate change by summarizing data on infiltration, soil moisture dynamics and crop productivity under heat and drought stress. The data were taken in the main from CIMMYT's on-farm and on-station trial network. Data show that CA systems maintain 0.7-7.9 times higher water infiltration than the conventional tilled system depending on soil type, which increases soil moisture during the cropping season by 11%-31% between CA treatments and the conventional control treatment. This leads to greater adaptive capacity of CA systems during in-season dry spells and under heat stress. A supporting regional maize productivity assessment, analysing the results of numerous on-farm and on-station experiments, showed that CA systems will outperform conventional tillage practices (CP), especially on light-textured soils, under heat and drought stress. With higher rainfall and low heat stress, this relation was more positive towards CP and on clay soil there was no benefit of practising CA when rainfall was high. The long dry season and limited biomass production of CA systems in southern Africa require complementary good agricultural practices to increase other soil quality parameters (e.g. increased soil carbon) to maintain higher productivity and sustainability over time. This can be addressed by combinations of improved stress-tolerant seed, targeted fertilization, inclusion of tree-based components or green manure cover crops in the farming system, scale-appropriate mechanization and improved weed control strategies.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Weedy biomass"

Sharma, Ashutosh, Priyanka Sharma, Archana Joshi, R. K. Bachheti i V. K. Mishra. "Process for clean energy-pretreatment of cheap weedy raw material Ipomea carnea biomass with NaOH: Comparative process evaluation". W RECENT ADVANCES IN SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0154376.

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Bressan, Glaucia M., Vilma A. Oliveira, Estevan R. Hruschka i Maria C. Nicoletti. "Biomass Based Weed-Crop Competitiveness Classification Using Bayesian Networks". W Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isda.2007.4389596.

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Merienne, J., A. Larmure i C. Gée. "Preliminary study for weed biomass prediction combining visible images with a plant-growth model". W 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_74.

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Samy, Mohamed Mahmoud, i Shimaa Barakat. "Hybrid Invasive Weed optimization - Particle Swarm optimization Algorithm for Biomass/PV Micro-grid Power System". W 2019 21st International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mepcon47431.2019.9008156.

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Simic, Milena, Vesna Dragičevic, Željko Dolijanovic, Milan Brankov i Života Jovanovic. "ZNAČAJ PREDUSEVA ZA PRODUKTIVNOST KUKURUZA". W SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujeva, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.085s.

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The advantages of the three- and four-crop rotations in relation to the two- crop rotation are reduced frequency of soil tillage, and thus savings in energy sources, lower intake of mineral nitrogen fertilisers and the amount of applied herbicides. The aim of the present study was to indicate the importance of a proper alternation of crops in the three-crop rotation system and to compare the advantages of cultivation of maize after winter wheat or soybean in terms of reducing weediness, formation of the harvest index and grain yield. Results of long-term studies have shown that the crop sequence significantly contributed to the decrease in fresh biomass of weed and the increase in the harvest index and grain yield in the maize-winter wheat-soybean rotation in relation to the maize-soybean-winter wheat rotation.

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Mehmeti, Arben. "IMPACT OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL ON THE FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN MAIZE CROP". W 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b51/s20.049.

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Aponte, Jorge Alberto, i Gerardo Gordillo. "Wild Cane Potential to Produce Gaseous Fuels via Air-Steam Thermal Gasification". W ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95239.

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Various alternative fuel technologies have been proposed as a solution to the negative environment impact caused by greenhouse emissions from fossil fuel combustion processes. One of those alternatives technologies is the inclusion of biomass (fuel crops and agricultural and municipal wastes) as feedstock to produce gaseous and liquid fuels via thermal gasification processes. Biomass thermal gasification is a clean technology, which does not increase the atmosphere carbon concentration since biomass is a neutral carbon energetic source. Wild cane is an invasive grass with a remarkable ability to establish and spread quickly. Thus, it has the potential to yield high biomass for the production of energy. Moreover, wild cane is considered as one of the species that most produces energy per hectare crop. Although wild cane occurs as a weed in most of the Colombian geography, it does not have an extensive potential use. However, wild cane can be included as feedstock for the production of bio-fuels via partial oxidation or thermal degradation (pyrolysis). Fuels produced through this technology can be used for heat o power generation in order to decrease the dependence of farms on fossil fuels. The current paper presents results on the wild cane potential to produce gaseous fuels through thermal gasification using air-steam mixtures for partial oxidation. Also, wild cane thermochemical properties are presented. The CEA (chemical equilibrium with applications) program from NASA was used to estimate the production of gaseous fuels as a function of the operating conditions, which include equivalence ratio (Φ) and steam to fuel ratio (S:F). Based on gas composition, the energy density of the gaseous fuels was estimated. Furthermore, the energy conversion was also calculated in order to estimate the efficiency of the gasification process. Wild cane thermochemical properties were obtained using ultimate, proximate, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Thermogravimetric analyses were carried out using N2 as carrier gas and under different heating rates (β: 10, 20, and 35 °C/min). Based on TGA data and using the isoconversional method (i.e., free-model), the activation energy (E) was estimated. In general, the results show that the increase in operating conditions (equivalence ratio (Φ) and steam to fuel ratio (S:F)) results in gaseous mixtures rich in H2 and with a low CO content. On the other hand, the CH4 production is only possible at Φ > 4 and increases with increased Φ. The average activation energy was ∼ 162 KJ/Kmol.

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Corneanu, Mihaela, Cornelia Buzatu-Goanta i Constantin Netoiu. "Quantitative characters variability and diseases / pests’ tolerance of some of Salix SP. Accessions". W VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.99.

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The oil crisis of the last decades of the twentieth century has led researchers to turn their attention to alternative sources of energy, the so-called green energy. One of the genres intensively studied for bi-omass production was the genus Salix. In Europe, in Sweden, were made the first Salix hybrids for short-rotation crops (SRC). Willows are used for wood plantation, cellulose and paper production, in pharma-ceutical industry, for soil phytoremediation, like pioneer species by their role in ecosystem restoration, increasing biodiversity and for biomass production (Berg, 2002). In Romania, willow SRC for biomass production started after 2005. There are about 1500 ha of willow SRC, 400 ha of them are in Banat area. All of these cultures were established with Swedish clones, especially clone Inger. Swedish clones and hybrids registered good results in Sweden and North-West Europe countries with cool, wet climate, but in Romania they have not achieved spectacular results in some areas, such as North-Est Timis county and Oltenia area, the crops being compromised in the first years. In the view of the extension of cultivated areas unsuitable for agriculture, with forestry and energy crops, there are necessary comprehensive studies to find optimal solutions - selection of genotypes to their potential production, but also to be adapted at temperatures over 35ºC and severe drought. A willow breeding program for the biomass production has to be started and a potential genitors collection (local germplasm) sets the stage for the beginning of a science-based breeding program. The collection of potential genitors (39 genotypes, 12 species) was established in the spring of 2015 on the territory of the Experimental Didactical Station belonging to Banat’s University of Agricul-tural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara. The biological material (46 cuttings for each genotype) was planted in double rows 75 cm apart with double rows spaced at 150 cm and an 80 cm in-row spacing. During the growing season was made chemical and mechanical weed control. There were not applied phytosanitary treatments, in order to test the natural resistance of the genotypes. The sprouting capacity and biometric observations were made in an experimental trial with uncut and cutback shoots and biomass was estimated. Following the biometric observations performed biannually and the evaluation of tolerance / re-sistance to diseases and pests, a wide variability was noticed, both interspecific and intraspecific. The quantitative traits varied significantly with genotype and management practice. Large variability was ob-served in terms of survival rate but also in sprouting capacity, maximum height, and diameter. The field trial recommends some genotypes with particularly high production, clone 30 Salix pentandra L. and clone 31 S. triandra L. for crops with short rotation cycle, both in normal soil and climatic conditions and on degraded lands. The most tolerant genotypes both to pests and diseases were belonging to S. rosmarinifolia and S. pentandra. The most sensitive species include genitors from S. fragilis, S.alba and S.purpurea. Tolerance to pests and diseases was dependent on species and origin.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Weedy biomass"

Nathan, Harms, i Cronin James. Variability in weed biological control : effects of foliar nitrogen on larval development and dispersal of the alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41886.

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Host quality can have dramatic effects on performance of biological control agents but its importance is understudied. We used a combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments to determine the range of foliar nitrogen (FN) that larvae of the alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) are exposed to in the field and its importance to larval development and dispersal. Seasonal variability in FN was assessed at field sites spanning southern to northern Louisiana every 2–3 weeks during the growing season for four years. In a series of laboratory experiments, alligatorweed FN was manipulated to examine its influence on larval development and survival (under different temperature regimes), adult biomass, and dispersal of the biological control agent, A. hygrophila. Foliar nitrogen and rearing temperature had strong independent effects on larval development rate. We demonstrated that increasing nitrogen in leaf tissues shortens larval A. hygrophila developmental time and increases survival to adulthood, regardless of exposure temperature during development. It also suggests that foliar nitrogen may have important effects on biological control of alligatorweed, particularly as a result of seasonal variation in temperature and plant nutrition at field sites and could contribute to observed variation in A. hygrophila efficacy in the field.

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