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Rasmussen, Mads Holten, Maxime Lefrançois, Georg Ferdinand Schneider i Pieter Pauwels. "BOT: The building topology ontology of the W3C linked building data group". Semantic Web 12, nr 1 (19.11.2020): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-200385.
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Actors in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operation (AECOO) industry traditionally exchange building models as files. The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology advocates the seamless exchange of all information between related stakeholders using digital technologies. The ultimate evolution of the methodology, BIM Maturity Level 3, envisions interoperable, distributed, web-based, interdisciplinary information exchange among stakeholders across the life-cycle of buildings. The World Wide Web Consortium Linked Building Data Community Group (W3C LBD-CG) hypothesises that the Linked Data models and best practices can be leveraged to achieve this vision in modern web-based applications. In this paper, we introduce the Building Topology Ontology (BOT) as a core vocabulary to this approach. It provides a high-level description of the topology of buildings including storeys and spaces, the building elements they contain, and their web-friendly 3D models. We describe how existing applications produce and consume datasets combining BOT with other ontologies that describe product catalogues, sensor observations, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices effectively implementing BIM Maturity Level 3. We evaluate our approach by exporting and querying three real-life large building models.
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Chiu, Dickson K. W., Yuexuan Wang, Patrick Hung, Vivying S. Y. Cheng, Kai-Kin Chan, Eleanna Kafeza i Tung. "Governance of Cross-Organizational Healthcare Document Exchange through Watermarking Services and Alerts". International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 2, nr 4 (październik 2011): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssoe.2011100105.
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There is an increasing demand for sharing documents for process integration among organizations. Web services technology has recently been widely proposed and gradually adopted as a platform for supporting such an integration. There are no holistic solutions thus far that are able to tackle the various protection issues, specifically regarding the security and privacy protection requirements in cross-organizational progress integration. This paper proposes the exchange of documents through a Document / Image Exchange Platform (DIEP), replacing traditional ad-hoc and manual exchange practices. The authors show how the contemporary technologies of Web services under a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), together with watermarking, can help protect document exchanges with layered implementation architecture. Furthermore, to facilitate governance and regulation compliance against protection policy violation attempts, the management and the affected parties are notified with alerts for warning and possible handling. The authors discuss the applicability of the proposed platform with a physician towards security and privacy protection requirements based on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, which imposes national regulations to protect individuals’ healthcare information. The proposed approach aims at facilitating the whole governance process from technical to management level with a single unified platform.
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Coleman, Julia L., Lisa Marceau, Rebekah Zincavage, Ashley M. Magnavita, James Ambrosoli, Ling Shi, Erica Simon i in. "Understanding How Clinicians Use a New Web-based Tool for Disseminating Evidence-Based Practices for the Treatment of PTSD: The PTSD Clinicians Exchange". Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (styczeń 2020): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz313.
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Abstract Introduction Web-based interventions hold great promise for the dissemination of best practices to clinicians, and investment in these resources has grown exponentially. Yet, little research exists to understand their impact on intended objectives. Materials & Methods The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Clinicians Exchange is a website to support clinicians treating veterans and active duty military personnel with PTSD, evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (N = 605). This manuscript explores how a subset of clinicians, those who utilized the intervention (N = 148), engaged with it by examining detailed individual-level web analytics and qualitative feedback. Stanford University and New England Research Institutes Institutional Review Boards approved this study. Results Only 32.7% of clinicians randomized to the intervention ever accessed the website. The number of pages viewed was positively associated with changes from baseline to 12 months in familiarity (P = 0.03) and perceived benefit of practices (P = 0.02). Thus, engagement with the website did predict an improvement in practice familiarity and benefit outcomes despite low rates of use. Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of methodologically rigorous evaluations of participant engagement with web-based interventions. These approaches provide insight into who accesses these tools, when, how, and with what results, which can be translated into their strategic design, evaluation, and dissemination.
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Müller, Beate Sigrid, Martin Beyer, Tatjana Blazejewski, Dania Gruber, Hardy Müller i Ferdinand Michael Gerlach. "Improving critical incident reporting in primary care through education and involvement". BMJ Open Quality 8, nr 3 (sierpień 2019): e000556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000556.
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BackgroundCritical incident reporting systems (CIRS) can be an important tool for the identification of organisational safety needs and thus to improve patient safety. In German primary care, CIRS use is obligatory but remains rare. Studies on CIRS implementation in primary care are lacking, but those from secondary care recommend involving management personnel.ObjectiveThis project aimed to increase CIRS use in 69 practices belonging to a local practice network.MethodsThe intervention consisted of the provision of a web-based CIRS, accompanying measures to train practice teams in error management and CIRS, and the involvement of the network’s management. Three measurements were used: (1) number of incident reports and user access rates to the web-based CIRS were recorded, (2) staff were given a questionnaire addressing incident reporting, error management and safety climate and (3) qualitative reflection conferences were held with network management.ResultsOver 20 months, 17 critical incidents were reported to the web-based CIRS. The number of staff intending to report the next incident online decreased from 42% to 20% of participants. In contrast, the number of practices using an offline CIRS (eg, incident book) increased from 23% to 49% of practices. Practices also began proactively approaching network management for help with incidents. After project completion, participants scored higher in the patient safety climate factor ‘perception of causes of errors’. For many practices, the project provided the first contact with structured error management.ConclusionSpecific measures to improve the use of CIRS in primary care should focus on network management and practice owners. Practices need basic training on safety culture and error management. Continuing, practices should implement an offline CIRS, before they can profit from the exchange of reports via web-based CIRS. It is crucial that practices receive feedback on incidents, and trained network management personnel can provide such support.
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Iwasa, Daiji, Teruaki Hayashi i Yukio Ohsawa. "Development and Evaluation of a New Platform for Accelerating Cross-Domain Data Exchange and Cooperation". New Generation Computing 38, nr 1 (29.11.2019): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00354-019-00080-0.
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AbstractThe technologies for collecting and analyzing data are developing significantly, enabling us to gain new knowledge from various types of data. Recently, the considerably increasing expectation for cross-domain data exchange and cooperation has attracted attention from data markets. However, as we lack data-utilization knowledge, an accurate evaluation of data is difficult; a non-price indicator for deciding the exchange of data is needed. Thus, in this study, we propose a new online platform for stakeholders to communicate regarding data utilization. Our online platform, called Web Innovators Marketplace on Data Jackets (Web IMDJ), is built with reference to the process of IMDJ workshops. Web IMDJ is superior to the conventional paper-based IMDJ (hereafter, Table IMDJ) in terms of reducing the burden on conducting workshops. Notably, Table IMDJ and Web IMDJ have different communication media, and this may affect the data-utilization knowledge proposed in the workshop. Therefore, we conducted workshops on both platforms under a controlled experimental environment to compare the proposed data-utilization knowledge. Consequently, the knowledge proposed in Web IMDJ gained equal or higher ratings by third-party evaluators (those who did not join in the experimental workshop). By contrast, subjects themselves evaluated the knowledge proposed in Table IMDJ as superior to Web IMDJ. These results revealed that both workshops have advantages as data-utilization platforms. Furthermore, we derived the best practices to utilize data effectively from a detailed analysis of the data obtained from the experimental workshops.
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AbuGhazaleh, Naser M., Amer Qasim i Clare Roberts. "The Determinants Of Web-Based Investor Relations Activities By Companies Operating In Emerging Economies: The Case Of Jordan". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, nr 2 (13.02.2012): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i2.6842.
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Using a multi-theoretical approach, this study seeks to examine the determinants of corporate web-based investor relations (IR) activities for companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange. Jordan provides an interesting context to pursue the objectives of this study because it provides insights into how listed companies are voluntarily responding to recent government and financial market regulators initiatives to encourage the use of the internet and to keep financial market participants informed about corporate activities. A survey analysis is conducted to examine online reporting practices of Jordanian listed companies. The explanatory analysis relies on logistic, ranked and normal scores ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses and identifies ten explanatory variables that may affect the existence and level of web-based IR disclosure; company size, profitability, government ownership, institutional ownership, number of shareholders, growth prospects, age, industry type, auditor type, and equity need. Results reveal that the existence of web sites is positively related to company size and industry (Financials) while the extent of web-based IR disclosure is significantly positively related to size, governmental ownership, institutional ownership, number of shareholders, and industrial type (Financials); however, it is negatively related to company age.
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Mielke, Jahel, Hannah Vermaßen i Saskia Ellenbeck. "Ideals, practices, and future prospects of stakeholder involvement in sustainability science". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, nr 50 (21.11.2017): E10648—E10657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706085114.
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This paper evaluates current stakeholder involvement (SI) practices in science through a web-based survey among scholars and researchers engaged in sustainability or transition research. It substantiates previous conceptual work with evidence from practice by building on four ideal types of SI in science. The results give an interesting overview of the varied landscape of SI in sustainability science, ranging from the kinds of topics scientists work on with stakeholders, over scientific trade-offs that arise in the field, to improvements scientists wish for. Furthermore, the authors describe a discrepancy between scientists’ ideals and practices when working with stakeholders. On the conceptual level, the data reflect that the democratic type of SI is the predominant one concerning questions on the understanding of science, the main goal, the stage of involvement in the research process, and the science–policy interface. The fact that respondents expressed agreement to several types shows they are guided by multiple and partly conflicting ideals when working with stakeholders. We thus conclude that more conceptual exchange between practitioners, as well as more qualitative research on the concepts behind practices, is needed to better understand the stakeholder–scientist nexus.
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Fisher, Ebon. "Wigglism: A Philosophoid Entity Turns Ten". Leonardo 40, nr 1 (luty 2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.1.37.
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The author describes The Wigglism Manifesto, a work authored amidst the fury of early exchange on the World Wide Web. The term Wigglism refers to a quality shared by biological and artificial life forms alike. The manifesto has taken an open-source approach to its cultivation, allowing numerous voices to nurture the entity into being. This collective approach to truth cultivation embodied by the manifesto was inspired, in part, by the author's experiences with community-based media rituals in the North Brooklyn community before it gentrified in the mid-1990s. The project has affirmed its initiator's sense that cultivating a living system can be a vital alternative to traditional creative practices more aligned with manufacturing and commerce.
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Ezeala-Harrison, Fidel. "The Significance of Cyberlearning in Economic Education". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, nr 7 (9.07.2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10474.
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We analyze the potentials of web-based and mobile-based digital technology to disseminate, inform, transmit, instruct, and exchange course content in the teaching of economics. Cyberlearning is the use of networked computer technology to enhance the mode of educational content delivery to learners, and involves personal, social, and distributed learning that is mediated by a variety of rapidly evolving computational devices such as computers, tablets, and smart phones, and involving other media such as the Web, and the Cloud. Yet cyberlearning is not only about learning to use computers or to think computationally; social networking has made it clear that the need is much more encompassing, including new modes of collaborating and learning for the full variety of human experiences mediated by networked computing and communications technologies. Educators have continued to search for answers about how new digital tools and environments can be utilized to enhance learning among students of our contemporary “New Age” generation. In the present paper we examine the potentials of cyberlearning and the opportunities it offers for promoting and assessing learning, made possible by new technologies; and how it can help learners to capitalize on those opportunities and the new practices that are made possible by these learning technologies. In particular, we examine ways of using technology for economics education to promote effective learning that result in deep rooted grasping of content, practices, and skills that will ultimately shape attitudes and contribute to enhanced policy and progress in economic matters of society.
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Kanyanda, Shelton, Hugues Kouadio, Kevin McGee i Alberto Zezza. "Capacity development in household surveys experience from the centre for development data training initiative". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210850.
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Household surveys remain the major source of official statistics for monitoring development policies particularly in developing countries. In the context of rapid developments in data needs, extensive methodological work, data processing and use at national and international levels and a remaining capacity gap despite efforts for statistical capacity building in last decade, it is critical for training centers to keep up to speed with international best practices. This paper show that the approach of the Centre for Development Data Training initiative (C4D2 Training Initiative) is highly effective and stand to have a long-term impact on household survey capacity in Africa region. It is made of several components all of which aim to bolster capacity development in the region. It harmonizes and improves the quality and sustainability of training on household surveys through increased local capacity and greater dissemination of best practices, creates a network among participants and trainers to facilitate knowledge exchange on best practices as well as survey harmonization across countries. Taking advantage of benefits, the initiative should endeavor other regions subject to their interest and embrace the use of virtual and web-based training.
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Lee, Yeunjae, i Jeong-Nam Kim. "Authentic enterprise, organization-employee relationship, and employee-generated managerial assets". Journal of Communication Management 21, nr 3 (7.08.2017): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-02-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of perceived authenticity of organizational behaviors and types of organization-employee relationship (i.e. communal and exchange relationship) on intangible assets of organizations generated by employees’ communicative behaviors (ECBs) (e.g. megaphoning, scouting). Design/methodology/approach A web-based survey was conducted with full-time 528 employees working in medium- and large-sized companies in the USA. Findings Results showed that an organization’s authentic behaviors are positively related with employees’ perceived communal relationships, but not with exchange relationships. However, both communal and exchange relationships turned out to increase ECBs: positive megaphoning, negative megaphoning, and scouting. The existence of both communal and exchange relationships was more significant than having only communal relationships in terms of encouraging employees’ active communicative actions. Research limitations/implications By building links between employees’ communicative actions and its antecedents, perceived authenticity, types of relationship; this study contributed to the body of knowledge on exchange and communal relationship in the context of employee communication and extended the understanding of motivations of ECBs. Practical implications The findings suggest that employees’ communicative actions are highly facilitated by organizations’ authentic behavioral efforts and perceived relationship. To encourage employees’ information seeking and sharing behaviors, for organizational effectiveness, organizations should behave in authentic ways – be trustful, transparent, and consistent – and build both communal and exchange relationship. Originality/value This study first attempted to demonstrate the impacts of both communal and exchange relationships for organizations empirically in internal communication and relationship building practices.
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Masango, Charles Akwe. "Indigenous knowledge codification of African traditional medicine: Inhibited by status quo based on secrecy?" Information Development 36, nr 3 (5.06.2019): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666919853007.
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This paper is located within global debates about the codification of indigenous knowledge (IK) practices vis-à-vis traditional medicine in Africa. Following a theoretical research based on an extensive literature review, the paper questions whether it is possible to codify all elements embedded in Africa’s indigenous knowledge practices in traditional medicine following that the medicine encompasses esoteric and non-esoteric elements. There is a persistent plea for the elements of Africa’s indigenous knowledge practices in traditional medicine to be codified and to desist from its status-quo phenomena of secrecy for posterity. Within Africa’s indigenous knowledge (IK) practices in traditional medicine are certain aspects that it may not be possible to codify. The non-esoteric aspect of African traditional medicine can be codified as it encompasses no secret, while the esoteric aspect may not be codified as it is considered to be secret for a select few traditional healers who exploit it for livelihood. The raison d’être for the examination stems from the notion that Africa’s indigenous knowledge practices in traditional medicine has a high livelihood potential, hence needs to be protected. Traditional healers have over generations fostered relationships with other groups, creating a complex web of high levels of cooperation, exchange and support that are essential for livelihood. Their fast erosion due to internal and external factors poses a serious threat to livelihood development in the subregion. The lack of codification of Africa’s indigenous knowledge practices in traditional medicine gives an urge to western pharmaceutical companies, who make huge profits from indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants. With further theoretical research, the paper exposes the esoteric and non-esoteric elements that encompass African traditional medicinal plants and the possible reasons why the status-quo based on secrecy persists within the esoteric aspects of the medicinal plant practices and how the status-quo may be uplifted within intellectual property rights (IPR) in the form of patent and other approaches for posterity.
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Hatcher, Barbara. "Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: Boxes for Katje". Social Studies Research and Practice 2, nr 3 (1.11.2007): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-03-2007-b0012.
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Boxes for Katje is based on a true story of an American girl who sent a care package to a young Dutch girl. As a result of the package and an exchange of letters, Katje’s family and friends in Holland received much-needed items to help them through the bitter winter of 1945. The book provides opportunities to examine the NCSS Standards of Time, Continuity, and Change, Global Connections, and Civic Ideals and Practices. Readers will enjoy the whimsical illustrations and delightful ending. The story highlights the importance of valuing the needs of others less fortunate than oneself, and it can serve as a springboard for children to take civic action to make a difference in others’ lives. Helpful web sites and additional children’s books expand the lesson.
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Saleh, Emad Isa. "Image embedded metadata in cultural heritage digital collections on the web". Library Hi Tech 36, nr 2 (18.06.2018): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-03-2017-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the availability of embedded metadata within images of digital cultural collections. It is designed to examine a proposed hypothesis that most digitally derived images of cultural resources are stripped of their metadata once they are placed on the web. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 603 images were selected randomly from four cultural portals which aggregate digitized cultural collections, then four steps in the data collection process took place to examine image metadata via the web-based tool and windows application. Findings The study revealed that 28.5 percent of the analyzed images contained metadata, no links exist between image embedded metadata and its metadata record or the pages of the websites analyzed, and there is a significant usage of Extensible Metadata Platform to encode embedded metadata within the images. Practical implications The findings of the study may encourage heritage digital collection providers to reconsider their metadata preservation practices and policies to enrich the content of embedded metadata. In addition, it will raise awareness about the potential and value of embedded metadata in enhancing the findability and exchange of digital collections. Originality/value This study is ground breaking in that it is one of the early studies, especially in the Arab world, which aim to recognize the use of image embedded metadata within cultural heritage digital collections on the web.
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Ciofalo, Giovanni, Silvia Leonzi i Grazia Quercia. "Love affairs: The piccola posta in the age of social media". Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 11, nr 2 (1.03.2023): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00182_1.
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The piccola posta, which are reader’s letters to women’s magazines, represent a noteworthy phenomenon for the analysis of social, cultural and communicative practices particularly in relation to representation and self-representation, also in terms of gender. Through a brief reconstruction of its evolution, the piccola posta was identified as a space of interaction, exchange and hybrid sharing which managed to depict the contradiction between the stability of traditional morals based on nineteenth-century models and the increasing need to acquire a new awareness in the personal experience. This article focuses on the social, cultural and media role of piccola posta today, developing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of columns currently active online in, for example, traditional web newspapers, blogs and social media. The aim is to understand how the piccola posta of today could still be a worksite to process innovation about relations, self-perception and sexuality.
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Roussos, Orfeas, Christina Kapetanopoulou i Dimitra Petza. "Protecting Biodiversity from Invasive Alien Species by Improving Policy Instruments in Greece: The INVALIS Project Action Plan". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 11 (1.11.2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111205.
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The Protecting European Biodiversity from Invasive Alien Species (INVALIS) project objective is to improve policies for protecting biodiversity from invasive alien species (IAS), by bringing together seven partners from seven countries and supporting policy measures for prevention, early detection, and control of IAS in their respective territories. The project is funded by the Interreg Europe program. The learning process of the INVALIS project consisted of various experience-exchanging activities among the project partners (interregional workshops, site visits, etc.), as well as among stakeholders at a regional level. This exchange of experiences led to the drafting of regional Action Plans by each partner. The INVALIS Action Plan of Greece is based on an analysis of the current situation of IAS management in Greece, and the transfer of good practices and conclusions derived from the exchange of experiences. Gaps in IAS management were identified mainly in the areas of raising public awareness of IAS and networking among IAS stakeholders. As a result, three actions were proposed to address these deficits: initiating a project on education and raising awareness about IAS, creating a web portal on these species, and establishing an IAS management working group. These actions will contribute towards improving specific policy instruments in Greece.
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Karunaratne, Thashmee, i Efstratios Kontopoulos. "Supporting Learning Mobility with Student Data Harmonisation - A European Perspective". European Conference on e-Learning 21, nr 1 (21.10.2022): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecel.21.1.908.
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Digitalisation promotes online education, internationalisation and student mobility. Based on the Bologna process and the European higher education area, learning mobility has been successful under Erasmus and other similar initiatives. However, a key issue for students and universities is that a significant amount of time is spent on the manual labour involved in the process of applying to degree programs overseas. It is therefore essential for higher education institutions to better exploit the potential of technology and Web 2.0 to enable a secure exchange of evidence during application for degree programs and academic courses in foreign Higher Education Institutions, as well as applying for study grants and obtaining recognition for academic and other types of studies. Harmonisation of the student data is a key initial step for enabling such exchange. In this study, an approach to a secured exchange of education evidence is instrumented under the H2020 project Digital Europe for All (DE4A). Existing semantic standards for Web 2.0 applications, core vocabularies for public service data and semantic assets from existing best practices such as W3C, ISA2 core vocabularies, and Europass data model are used to curate data models that allow the exchange of a higher education diploma, secondary education diploma and information of special needs (disability, large family), which is required by students when requesting study grants (waive of tuition fees). The semantic interoperability agreements are established cross-border through these data models called canonical evidences. The canonical evidences are tested with the national data services of three countries, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. The final data models are implemented in XML Schema format that could be used by any educational organisation intending to use trusted public service databases within Europe to automatically retrieve information on students’ degrees. The validity of the canonical evidences is tested on two pilot occasions within the DE4A project. The outcome of this study summarises the procedural requirements for evidences when applying for a higher degree program and seeking grants. Furthermore, it resulted in verified canonical evidence data models that fulfil the procedural requirements for applying for studying abroad.
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Kabra, Rita, Manjula Danansuriya, Loshan Moonesinghe, Chithramalee de Silva, Chandani Anoma Jayathilaka, Komal Preet Allagh, Pooja Pradhan, Isotta Triulzi i James Kiarie. "Improving access to quality family planning services in Nepal and Sri Lanka: insights from a South-South learning exchange". BMJ Global Health 7, nr 5 (maj 2022): e008691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008691.
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Nepal and Sri Lanka ministries of health shared best practices and learnings, in a South-South learning exchange (SSLE) to improve access to quality and rights-based family planning services. The SSLE between the two countries followed a five-step methodology designed by the WHO, under the Family Planning Accelerator project. SSLE between the two countries started in January 2020 and is still continuing. Both countries started implementation of the learnings (step 4) at the time of preparing this manuscript (December 2021). An independent consultant from Sri Lanka carried out an evaluation, to inform future SSLEs. The evaluation included a desk review on SSLE and family planning in both countries and key informant interviews with Sri Lanka Ministries Health, WHO CO, external partners. A final evaluation of the outcomes/impact is planned in December 2022. The SSLE resulted in a systematic cross-country transfer of knowledge and implementation of the learnings. Sri Lanka implemented a web-based system for logistics management of family planning commodities and Nepal commenced implementing integrated family planning services in a decentralised environment using a lifecycle approach to improve postpartum family planning uptake. The success of this SSLE is attributed to the rigorous methodology, country-led designing of the learning agenda and process, extensive communication amongst the teams, a focus on outcomes, commitment and leadership by ministries of health in both countries. Learning and technical assistance needs of countries can be met by SSLE if national contexts, availability of resources are considered.
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Cheng, Jin, Xin Sun, Yana Zhong i Kunlin Li. "Flexible Work Arrangements and Employees’ Knowledge Sharing in Post-Pandemic Era: The Roles of Workplace Loneliness and Task Interdependence". Behavioral Sciences 13, nr 2 (14.02.2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13020168.
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Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) have become prevalent working norms in the post-pandemic era, but are they beneficial to employees’ work? From the theoretical perspective of social exchange, previous studies have viewed FWAs as supportive practices that facilitate employees’ functional intrapersonal outcomes. However, little is known about the interpersonal effects of FWAs. Based on the affective events theory, this study aims to elucidate why and when FWAs are associated with employees’ knowledge sharing. A web-based survey of 314 respondents (Study 1) and a three-wave field research study of 343 employees (Study 2) provided valid questionnaires to examine the hypothesized theoretical relationships. Our findings reveal that employees who frequently adopt FWAs would produce a persistently negative affective experience—workplace loneliness—further discouraging their intentions to share knowledge with coworkers. The specific work-characteristic conditions in this relationship–task interdependence would mitigate the dysfunctional effect of FWAs on employees’ knowledge sharing via workplace loneliness. Our study advances the understanding of FWAs’ dysfunctional impacts on employees’ knowledge sharing from the theoretical perspective of affective reactions. Our findings remind managers to avoid the interpersonal pitfalls of FWAs by increasing task interdependence among employees.
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Almarzooqi, Abdulla Hasan, Mehmood Khan i Khalizani Khalid. "The role of sustainable HRM in sustaining positive organizational outcomes". International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, nr 7 (9.09.2019): 1272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-04-2018-0165.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactional relationships between sustainable human resource management (HRM) and positive organizational outcomes, in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on employees’ perception and mediation of the direct relationships drawing on the theoretical background of the social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a web-based survey (293 usable responses). Respondents were full-time employees from the UAE’s oil-and-gas sector. The proposed hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression for direct and indirect relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of the proposed framework. Findings Sustainable HRM has a significant direct effect on sustainable employee performance and perceived sustainable organizational support. The mediating influence of organizational knowledge sharing (OKS) and employee empowerment were significant to varying degrees, proving the different interactions between the study constructs. Practical implications The mediating effect found for OKS and employee empowerment suggests that organizations should consider multiple combinations of practices to sustain positive outcomes, especially in dynamic markets. The alignment between different managerial practices can enhance anticipated organizational outcomes. Establishing knowledge-sharing practices will, therefore, help in enhancing employee performance, supporting the role of sustainable HRM. Empowering employees will also help in establishing a sense of perceived support that employees will value, leading to positive reciprocity from employees. Originality/value This study extends the literature on sustainable HRM and its links to positive organizational outcomes in the context of the UAE. The study also demonstrates that mediators of the direct relationships can have varying effects and associations with different organizational outcomes.
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Bassano, Patrícia Brandalise Scherer, i Patricia Eltz. "AUTORIA DOCENTE NA WEB: produção e compartilhamento de registros reflexivos sobre práticas pedagógicas com tecnologias digitais". Revista Observatório 4, nr 3 (29.04.2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2018v4n3p435.
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O registro reflexivo, documento produzido pelo professor para o registro de uma prática pedagógica realizada, é um instrumento que auxilia as reflexões do professor sobre sua atividade docente. Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, tem por objetivo apresentar as possibilidades de uso de diferentes ferramentas de autoria na web como espaços para a documentação e o compartilhamento desses registros, bem como a troca de experiências entre professores. Os dados foram produzidos no contexto de um curso de formação de professores a distância. Resultados mostram que a web é um espaço relevante e possível para o registro de práticas, possibilitando a articulação de texto, imagem, som e links. Entretanto, a vivência de discussão em rede entre os professores ainda precisa ser exercitada.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tecnologia educacional; registro reflexivo; formação de professores
ABSTRACT
The reflective record, a document produced by the teacher with the purpose of recording a pedagogical practice developed, is a tool that helps the teacher’s reflection on his practice. This study, based on a qualitative approach, aims to present the possibilities of using different authoring web tools as spaces for the documentation and sharing of these records, and also for the exchange of experiences between teachers. The data were produced along the time of a teacher formation distance learning course. Results show that the web is a possible and relevant space for the recording of practices, promoting the articulation between text, image, sound, and links. However, experiences on network discussions between teachers still need to be more developed.
KEYWORDS: educational technology; reflective record; teacher formation
RESUMEN
El registro reflexivo, documento producido por el profesor para el registro de una práctica pedagógica realizada, es un instrumento que auxilia las reflexiones del profesor sobre su actividad docente. Este estudio, de abordaje cualitativo, tiene por objetivo presentar las posibilidades de uso de diferentes herramientas de autoría en la web como espacios para la documentación y el compartir de esos registros, así como el intercambio de experiencias entre profesores. Los datos se produjeron en el contexto de un curso de formación de profesores a distancia. Los resultados muestran que la web es un espacio relevante y posible para el registro de prácticas, posibilitando la articulación de texto, imagen, sonido y enlaces. Sin embargo, la vivencia de discusión en red entre los profesores todavía necesita ser ejercitada.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Tecnología educativa; el registro reflexivo; formación de profesores
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Hastie, Elizabeth, i Darcy Wooten. "27. Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Vaccination in Patients with HIV: A Survey of Physicians’ Current Clinical Practices". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S37—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.072.
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Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV co-infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but data and guidelines vary in terms of the best vaccination, re-vaccination, and monitoring practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current HBV monitoring and vaccination practices of physicians who care for patients living with HIV. Methods A Web-based survey was distributed to the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Infectious Diseases division via the UCSD ID listserv, Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) members via the IDea Exchange listserv, and to ID and HIV social network members via Twitter and Facebook. The survey consisted of demographic questions followed by two sets of case-based questions. The case questions focused on type, timing, and dosage of HBV vaccination administration among people living with HIV, HBV monitoring post-vaccination, and clinical approach to patients with isolated hepatitis B core antibody. Results A total of 67 clinicians from 24 states completed the survey (Table 1). Most (55%) provide care for more than 20 patients living with HIV per month. The majority of participants (82%) would not defer HBV vaccination until HIV virologic suppression. Almost half of participants (43%) indicated they would use Heplisav-B over older HBV vaccine formulations (Energix-B or Recombivax-HB) for initial vaccination of susceptible patients. The majority (88%) would repeat a vaccination series if the patient does not seroconvert; 23% would repeat with a standard dose series of Energix-B or Recombivax-HB, 24% with a double dose series of Energix-B or Recombivax-HB, and 45% would repeat with Heplisav-B. Approach to management of a patient living with HIV with isolated hepatitis B core antibody was varied. The majority would check a HBV DNA level (42%), while 25% would initiate a vaccination series and 24% would not pursue further intervention (Table 2). Table 1: Clinician Demographics Table 2: HBV Vaccination Practices of Physicians Caring for People Living with HIV Conclusion This study provides insight into current HBV vaccination and monitoring practices of physicians who care for patients with HIV. The results revealed varied practice preferences and opportunities for improvement through standardization. Additional research is needed to elucidate the impact these various practices have on patient outcomes and healthcare expenditure. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Muñoz Galicia, A. I., i S. Contreras Hernández. "Sistema de Información para la Vinculación entre Instituciones de Educación y Empresa". Tecnología Educativa Revista CONAIC 2, nr 2 (1.02.2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32671/terc.v2i2.160.
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El software presentado es un sistema de información que automatiza los procesos de las prácticas profesionales (o sus similares en otras instituciones de educación) con una aplicación basada en Internet, en donde los diferentes actores (alumno, universidad y empresa) obtienen la información que les compete de manera efectiva, ya que el sistema valida la información vertida en las bases de datos y ofrece seguridad en las transacciones realizadas. El producto tecnológico que resulta se nombró Sistema de Información para la Vinculación entre Instituciones de Educación – Empresa (SIVIEE), fue desarrollado con la idea de que redes de instituciones educativas posean una herramienta de vanguardia para la realización de prácticas profesionales. Permite la comunicación e intercambio de documentos electrónicamente con las respectivas firmas electrónicas, genera documentos PDF, mismos que son almacenados en el servidor. También abre la posibilidad de realizar minería de datos al almacenar la información de alumnos, empresas y proyectos.
This paper involved the information system development, to automate the professional practices (or their counterparts in other universities) with a web-based application, where different actors (students, universities and companies) get the information they effectively compete them because the system validates the information contained in the databases and provides security transactions. The resulting technological product is called SIVIEE or Information System to Link University – Business, was developed with the idea that educational institutions have networks a cutting-edge tool for management of professional practices. Allows communication and electronic exchange of documents with the signatures respective, generates PDF documents that are stored on the server. The store information of students, companies and projects, open the possibility of data mining.
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McNally, M., L. Rock, M. Gillis, S. Bryan, C. Boyd, F. Kraglund i B. Cleghorn. "Reopening Oral Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Knowledge Exchange Coalition". JDR Clinical & Translational Research 6, nr 3 (27.04.2021): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23800844211011985.
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Background: The COVID-19 novel coronavirus closed oral health care in Nova Scotia (NS) Canada in March 2020. Preparing for a phased reopening, a knowledge exchange coalition (representing government, academia, hospitals, oral health professions, and regulators) developed return-to-work (RTW) guidelines detailing the augmentation of standard practices to ensure safety for patients, oral health care providers (OHPs), and the community. Using online surveys, this study explored the influence of the RTW guidelines and related education on registered NS OHPs during a phased return to work. Methods: Dissemination of R2W guidelines included website or email communiques and interdisciplinary education webinars that coincided with 2 RTW phases approved by the government. Aligned with each phase, all registered dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants were invited to complete an online survey to gauge the influence of the coalition-sponsored education and RTW guidelines, confidence, preparedness, and personal protective equipment use before and after the pandemic. Results: Three coalition-sponsored multidisciplinary webinars hosted 3541 attendees prior to RTW. The response to survey 1 was 41% (881/2156) and to survey 2 was 26% (571/2177) of registrants. Survey 1 (82%) and survey 2 (89%) respondents “agreed/strongly agreed” that R2W guidelines were a primary source for guiding return to practice, and most were confident with education received and had the skills needed to effectively treat patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Confidence and preparedness improved in survey 2. Gowns/lab coat use for aerosol-generating procedures increased from 26% to 93%, and the use of full face shields rose from 6% to 93% during the pandemic. Conclusions: A multistakeholder coalition was effective in establishing and communicating comprehensive guidelines and web-based education to ensure unified reintegration of oral health services in NS during a pandemic. This multiorganizational cooperation lay the foundation for responses to subsequent waves of COVID-19 and may serve as an example for collaboratively responding to future public health threats in other settings. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The return-to-work strategy that was developed, disseminated, and assessed through this COVID-19 knowledge exchange coalition will benefit oral health practitioners, professional regulators, government policy makers, and researchers in future pandemic planning.
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McCall, Douglas S., Irving Rootman i Dale Bayley. "International School Health Network: an informal network for advocacy and knowledge exchange". Promotion & Education 12, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 2005): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030121.
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In Canada, researchers, policy-makers and non-governmental organisations have re-conceptualized the school setting as being an ecological entity, linked to parallel ecologies of the homes and the community it serves. The school, public health and other systems that seek to deliver programs in that setting are open, loosely coupled and bureaucratic. This reconceived view of the school as a setting for health promotion leads to an emphasis on building organizational, system, professional and community capacity. One of the most effective ways of building such capacities when resources are scarce is to invest in a variety of formal and informal networks that can sustain themselves with little or no external resources. A number of recognised researchers from the health and education sectors have emphasized this systems-based approach and the need to build supportive, small-scale networks or learning communities. In recent health promotion research, networking at various levels, across sectors and within communities is viewed as a key strategy within new, more effective health promotion strategies. In education, the notion of networking for educational change has been described as "learning communities" for continuous school improvement. The authors suggest that this strategy of networking be used at the international level to address several global challenges: • There is no single, convenient way to obtain basic information about the status and nature of national and state/provincial school health programs around the world. • There is no global research agenda in school health promotion, despite the obvious value of sharing such research and knowledge. • There is no global mechanism to facilitate the development of common or shared tools for surveillance of child/youth health and monitoring of school health policies and programs, despite the excellent work being done in individual countries and by the European Network of Health Promoting Schools. • There is no international mechanism with a focus on school health that brings together the following stakeholders: educational organisations with public health organisations; researchers with government officials and practitioners; those who work in Spanish, English, French and other languages; issue-specific networks with health generalists. An invitation is given to government officials, researchers and national school health associations to join an informal International School Health Network (ISHN} (soon available at: www.internationalschoolhealt.org}. Discussions about the formation of the ISHN have been held with a number of participants at several international meetings and have culminated in a fledgling network that will focus on electronic and web-based exchanges of information, developing a global school health research agenda, exchanging effective materials and tools, informing policy-makers about effective practices, policies and programs. This network would build on and not duplicate the work of existing networks and include participation from WHO, OECD, UNESCO, the IUHPE and the World Bank. The next large meeting of the ISHN will occur at the IUHPE 2007 Conference in Vancouver, Canada (www.iuhpe conference.org). Before then the ISHN will organise several on-line projects and teleconferences. For more information, contact dmccall@jcsh-cces.ca
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Schneider, Margaret, Tanya Mathew, Madeline Gibson, Christine Zeller, Hardeep Ranu, Adam Davidson, Pamela Dillon, Nia Indelicato i Aileen Dinkjian. "2286 A CTSA External Reviewer Exchange Consortium: Description and lessons learned". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (czerwiec 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.39.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To share the experience gained and lessons learned from a cross CTSA collaborative effort to improve the review process for Pilot Studies awards by exchanging external reviewers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The CEREC process is managed by a web-based tracking system that enables all participating members to view at any time the status of reviewer invitations. This online tracking system is supplemented by monthly conference calls during which new calls for proposals are announced and best practices are identified. Each CTSA hub customized the CEREC model based on their individual pilot program needs and review process. Some hubs have supplemented their internal reviews by only posting proposals on CEREC that lack reviewers with significant expertise within their institutions. Other hubs have requested 1–3 external reviewers for each of their proposals or a selection of most promising proposals. In anticipation of potential scoring discrepancies, several hubs added a self-assessment of reviewer expertise and confidence at the end of each review. If a proposal is on the cusp of fundability, then the reviewers’ self-assessment may be taken into account. In addition to the tracking data collected by the online system, a survey of CEREC reviewers was conducted using Qualtrics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Across the 144 proposals submitted for reviews, CEREC members issued a total of 396 email invitations to potential reviewers. The number of invitations required to yield a reviewer ranged from 1 to 17. A total of 224 invitations were accepted, for a response rate of 56%. An external reviewer was unable to be located for 5 proposals (3%). Ultimately, 196 completed reviews were submitted, for a completion rate of 87%. The most common reasons for non-completion after acceptance of an invitation included reviewer illness and discovery of a conflict of interest. CEREC members found the process extremely useful for locating qualified reviewers who were not in conflict with the proposal being reviewed and for identifying reviewers for proposals related to highly specialized topics. The survey of CEREC reviewers found that they generally found the process easy to navigate and intellectually rewarding. Most would be willing to review additional CEREC proposals in the future. External reviewer comments and scores were generally in agreement with internal reviewer comments and scores. Thus, hubs could factor in external reviewer scores equally to internal reviewer scores, without feeling compelled to calibrate external reviewer scores. Overall, through CEREC external reviewers, mainly due to the stronger matching of scientific expertise and reduction of potential bias, the quality of reviews appear to be higher and more pertinent. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Some aspects of the process emerged that will be addressed in the future to make the system more efficient. One issue that arose was the burden on the system during multiple simultaneous calls for proposals. Future plans call for harmonizing review cycles to avoid these overlaps. Efficiency also will be improved by optimizing the timing of reviewer invitations to minimize the probability of obtaining more reviews than requested. In addition to the original objective of CEREC, the collaboration has led to additional exchange of information regarding methods and processes related to running the Pilot Funding programs. For example, one site developed a method using REDCap to manage their reviewer database; an innovation that is being shared with the other CEREC partners. Another site has a well-developed process for integrating community reviewers into their review process and is sharing their training materials with the remaining CEREC partners.
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Jafari, Mehraneh D., Julianna Brouwer, Andrea Mesiti, Chelsea McKinney, Lari B. Wenzel, Alessio Pigazzi i Jason A. Zell. "Attitudes of physicians and patients toward the timing of adjuvant treatment in colon cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2022): e15596-e15596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15596.
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e15596 Background: We have previously shown in a Phase I trial that administration of immediate adjuvant chemotherapy (IAC) at the time of surgical resection and immediately postoperatively is safe and feasible in colon cancer (CC) patients. IAC avoids delays in adjuvant treatment and has the potential to improve survival and quality of life. However, two fundamental questions must be answered: will patients be willing to accept the possibility of more severe side effects in exchange for earlier treatment (Tx) completion and theoretically better survival? And will physicians depart from established CC treatment practices?. Methods: A web-based survey was administered to newly diagnosed CC patients (within 1 year of surgery) and survivors (> 1 year post op). A similar web-based survey was administered to surgeons and medical oncologists in academic and community settings across the country. Surveys assessed patients’ and providers’ treatment preferences, attitudes towards care, and perceived barriers to IAC. Descriptive statistics were conducted including chi-square tests to compare differences between patients’ and providers’ responses. Results: Responses were collected from 35 patients and 40 providers. Patient respondents were 48% survivors and 52% newly diagnosed CC patients. Among the providers, 60% of the medical oncologists and 75% of the surgeons worked at academic medical centers. Compared to providers, patients were more willing to: 1) proceed with IAC to finish treatment earlier thereby improving quality of life (p = 0.002); 2) proceed with IAC to finish treatment earlier, despite potential side effects (p < 0.001); and 3) proceed with a single dose of intraoperative chemotherapy that, based on final pathologic stage, may not be needed (p = 0.002). Patients were also more likely than providers to indicate that there are no barriers to collaborative care (p = 0.001) while providers were more likely to cite that collaborative care is time consuming (p = 0.001), comes with scheduling challenges (p = 0.001), and that physicians are not readily available to participate in it (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed a disconnect between what providers and patients value in the perioperative and adjuvant colon cancer treatment course. Colon cancer patients are willing to accept intraoperative chemotherapy and early adjuvant chemotherapy via this novel multidisciplinary approach even if this treatment were associated with additional side effects, and without promise of a survival benefit.[Table: see text]
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Yashina, Alina Valerievna. "Platform solutions and public spaces as fabrics of the distributed production of knowledge". Философская мысль, nr 4 (kwiecień 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.4.32483.
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This article is dedicated to examination of approaches towards production of knowledge in the conditions of development of the digital methods of communication. The development of technologies and Internet concept Web 3.0 form a request for collective, interdisciplinary and “civil” character of research activity, emergence of new practices of working with knowledge, focused on confluence of the virtual and real space, transformation of the essence and role of “information” in the context of building the “society of knowledge”. The modern scientific knowledge represents a synthesis of various aspects of science and social life. Within the framework of pilot research, the author analyzes the case of confluence of the digital and real activity in production of knowledge: “public space of collective work ‘the pivotal point’” and digital platform Leader-ID. The article considers the hypothesis that the modern scientific knowledge represents a synthesis of social, culturological, and technological aspects of science and social life. The “distributed knowledge”, forming as a result of cooperation of scholars and various communities, becomes common through the formation of “cluster” and crowdsourcing format of the production of knowledge. Such social interaction is based on the network platform model and generated new zones of exchange and production of knowledge: online platforms (forums, crowdsourcing, scientific network platforms such as ResearchGate, simulators, etc.) or offline platforms (public spaces) that discuss and formulate the requests of scholars to each other, formulate hypothesis, and test the studies.
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Ann Amaratunga, Carol. "Building community disaster resilience through a virtual community of practice (VCOP)". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 5, nr 1 (4.03.2014): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2012-0012.
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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss a pilot in-progress project to promote community-based research (CBR) as a tool for disaster resilience planning in rural, remote and coastal communities. Using trans-disciplinary approaches, this project demonstrates how emergency and foresight planning in five rural Canadian pilot communities can be enhanced through the co-design of a pilot Web 2.0 “virtual community of practice” (VCOP). Design/methodology/approach – The VCOP initiative was designed with pilot and field site communities to facilitate knowledge generation and exchange and to enhance community resilience. Building a culturally appropriate disaster resilience process is an iterative “process of discovery” and community engagement. Through CBR the project supports practitioners and volunteers to share promising practices and lessons-learned for disaster resilience planning. Findings – The VCOP is being developed in five rural, remote, coastal pilot sites across Canada. Additional field site work is also underway in three urban centres sponsored by a project partner. This paper provides an overview of the initial concept, design and “proof of concept” work currently underway. The pilot project will end in the Fall 2012. Research limitations/implications – Inspired by the work of American adult educator Etienne Wenger, the VCOP entails co-design and co-ownership of a knowledge engagement process; one which enables local “thought leaders” to participate in emergency planning, preparedness, response and recovery. The VCOP provides a communication platform and fosters “foresight” planning and “education for critical awareness”. Through the sharing of theory and practice, i.e. praxis, communities are mobilized and empowered to anticipate future risks and threats and plan for resilient recovery. Practical implications – The VCOP foresight planning paradigm challenges the status quo design and delivery of emergency management protocols from traditional “centres of knowledge and power”, e.g. governments and universities and fosters “bottom-up” community-driven planning to anticipate risks and threats and help enhance local capacity for resilient disaster recovery. Originality/value – The novel application of a VCOP to disaster emergency planning is in keeping with the spirit and principles of UNISDR's Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. VCOP has potential to demonstrate disaster resilience “foresight” planning as evidenced in the adoption of promising ideas and practices developed by communities, for communities. As Louis Pasteur once said “Chance favours the prepared mind”.
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Konlan, Kennedy Diema, i Jinhee Shin. "The status and the factors that influence patient safety in health care institutions in Africa: A systematic review". PLOS Global Public Health 2, nr 12 (13.12.2022): e0001085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001085.
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Poor patient safety practices may result in disability, injury, poor prognosis, or even death and are primarily associated with a common concern in Africa. This study synthesized the factors influencing the maintenance of patient safety in Africa’s healthcare institutions. There was an in-depth search in PubMed Central, CINAHL, Cochrane library, web of science, and Embase using the PICO framework. The search results were filtered for Africa and from 2011 to September 2021 to yield 9,656 titles after duplicates were removed using endnote software, and 211 titles were selected for full-text reading as 16 were selected based on predetermined criteria. The quality appraisal was done using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A matrix was developed, discussed, accepted, and used as a guide for the data extraction. A convergent synthesis design was adopted for data analysis as the data was transformed into qualitative descriptive statements. Patient safety ratings ranged from 12.4% to 44.8% as being good. Patient safety was identified as an essential structure to improve patient outcomes. The factors associated with patient safety were level of education, professional category, hours worked per week, participation in a patient safety program, reporting of adverse events, openness in communication, organizational learning, teamwork, physical space environment, exchange of feedback about error, and support by hospital management. Poor patient safety environment could lead to the staff being prosecuted or imprisoned, lack of respect and confidence by colleagues, embarrassment, loss of confidence and trust in the health team by patients, documentation errors, drug errors, blood transfusion-related incidences, development of bedsores, and disability. These strategies by health institutions to promote patient safety must focus on reducing punitive culture, creating a culture of open communication, and encouraging incidence reporting and investigations to ensure continuous learning among all health care professionals.
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Ko, Chihjen, i Lex Wang. "Applying Design Thinking in Revising Data Curation of Taiwanese Herbaria". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (22.05.2018): e25828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25828.
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Herbaria in Taiwan face critical data challenges: Different taxonomic views prevent data exchange; There is a lack of development practices to keep up with standard and technological advances; Data is disconnected from researchers’ perspective, thus it is difficult to demonstrate the value of taxonomists’ activities, even though a few herbaria have their specimen catalogue partially exposed in Darwin Core. Different taxonomic views prevent data exchange; There is a lack of development practices to keep up with standard and technological advances; Data is disconnected from researchers’ perspective, thus it is difficult to demonstrate the value of taxonomists’ activities, even though a few herbaria have their specimen catalogue partially exposed in Darwin Core. In consultation with the Herbarium of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TAIF), the Herbarium of the National Taiwan University (TAI) and the Herbarium of the Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica (HAST), which together host most important collections of the vegetation on the island, we have planned the following activities to address data challenges: Investigate a new data model for scientific names that will accommodate different taxonomic views and create a web service for access to taxonomic data; Refactor existing herbarium systems to utilize the aforementioned service so the three herbaria can share and maintain a standardized name database; Create a layer of Application Programming Interface (API) to allow multiple types of accessing devices; Conduct behavioral research regarding various personas engaged in the curatorial workflow; Create a unified front-end that supports data management, data discovery, and data analysis activities with user experience improvements. Investigate a new data model for scientific names that will accommodate different taxonomic views and create a web service for access to taxonomic data; Refactor existing herbarium systems to utilize the aforementioned service so the three herbaria can share and maintain a standardized name database; Create a layer of Application Programming Interface (API) to allow multiple types of accessing devices; Conduct behavioral research regarding various personas engaged in the curatorial workflow; Create a unified front-end that supports data management, data discovery, and data analysis activities with user experience improvements. To manage these developments at various levels, while maximizing the contribution of participating parties, it is crucial to use a proven methodological framework. As the creative industry has been leading in the area of solution development, the concept of design thinking and design thinking process (Brown and Katz 2009) has come to our radar. Design thinking is a systematic approach to handling problems and generating new opportunities (Pal 2016). From requirement capture to actual implementation, it helps consolidate ideas and identify agreed-on key priorities by constantly iterating through a series of interactive divergence and convergence steps, namely the following: Empathize: A divergent step. We learn about our audience, which in this case includes curators and visitors of the herbarium systems, about what they do and how they interact with the system, and collate our findings. Define: A convergent step. We construct a point of view based on audience needs. Ideate: A divergent step. We brainstorm and come up with creative solutions, which might be novel or based on existing practice. Prototype: A convergent step. We build representations of the chosen idea from the previous step. Test: Use the prototype to test whether the idea works. Then refine from step 3 if problems were with the prototyping, or even step 1, if the point of view needs to be revisited. Empathize: A divergent step. We learn about our audience, which in this case includes curators and visitors of the herbarium systems, about what they do and how they interact with the system, and collate our findings. Define: A convergent step. We construct a point of view based on audience needs. Ideate: A divergent step. We brainstorm and come up with creative solutions, which might be novel or based on existing practice. Prototype: A convergent step. We build representations of the chosen idea from the previous step. Test: Use the prototype to test whether the idea works. Then refine from step 3 if problems were with the prototyping, or even step 1, if the point of view needs to be revisited. The benefits by adapting to this process are: Instead of “design for you”, we “design together”, which strengthens the sense of community and helps the communication of what the revision and refactoring will achieve; When put in context, increased awareness and understanding of biodiversity data standards, such as Darwin Core (DwC) and Access to Biological Collections Data (ABCD); As we lend the responsibility of process control to an external facilitator, we are able to focus during each step as a participant. Instead of “design for you”, we “design together”, which strengthens the sense of community and helps the communication of what the revision and refactoring will achieve; When put in context, increased awareness and understanding of biodiversity data standards, such as Darwin Core (DwC) and Access to Biological Collections Data (ABCD); As we lend the responsibility of process control to an external facilitator, we are able to focus during each step as a participant. We illustrate how the planned activities are conducted by the five iterative steps.
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Kumar, A. S., i S. R. Reyes. "PREFACE: TECHNICAL COMMISSION V – YOUTH FORUM". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (24.08.2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-7-2020.
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Abstract. Capacity Building in promoting geospatial technologies and their applications has its significance in ensuring good governance and resources management at local, regional and global scales. To emphasize this strongly in young generation, the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) has been engaged for more than 16 years by having an exclusive Technical Commission on Education and Outreach elements. Every 4 years, this Commission has been addressing different aspects of geospatial technologies by setting up theme specific Working Groups (WGs). ISPRS Student Consortium (SC) is part of the Commission and promotes the profession to the youth. The Consortium serves as a platform of communication and information exchange among members, enabling professional networking and fostering collaborations.The Technical Commission V (TC-V) on Education and Outreach (2016–2021) has constituted eight theme WGs with different roles and activities to work upon following areas (i) multi-tier training for all levels (ii) collaborative effort at national, regional and international level (iii) dissemination through distance learning mode and web-based resource sharing & (iv) use of best practices to implement through citizen science approach, open source tools & geo web services. These WGs have made significant contributions by engaging actively workshops and new scientific initiatives in past four years. TC-V with support of International Policy Advisory Committee conducted a full-day program on International Cooperation on Earth Observation.I am happy to note that for XXIV Congress 2020, there were 33 submissions of research papers on Education and Outreach. Of these, 21 were submitted for Archives and 13 for Annals. These papers include several disciplines covering surveying, new methodologies in geoinformatics, robotic vision, citizen science in disasters bringing education to the capacity development in different disciplines. Besides these, a total of 13 papers were accepted from an initial total of 29 submissions under the Youth Forum track. All these papers were reviewed by selected experts. These papers include several disciplines covering surveying, new methodologies in geoinformatics mapping of urban landscapes, burnt area detection, morphological analysis of landslides, 3D reconstruction of buildings, classification and analysis of point clouds, applications of UAVs for aquatic vegetation and evaluation of existing image processing and interpretation techniques. The current research from the youth also demonstrate the increased use of multi-source imagery, mapping different landscapes using UAVs and the potential of 3D models.We sincerely thank all the reviewers and acknowledge strong efforts made by Area Chairs to ensure quality of all accepted papers. We greatly appreciate the perseverance and dedication of the Scientific and Organizing Committee. We are confident that the present 2020 edition of ISPRS Congress Proceedings will serve as platform for discussion on the current research efforts on the Education and Outreach themes cutting across different disciplines.
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Kumar, A. S., i S. R. Reyes. "PREFACE: TECHNICAL COMMISSION V – YOUTH FORUM". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-5-2020 (3.08.2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-5-2020-7-2020.
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Abstract. Capacity Building in promoting geospatial technologies and their applications has its significance in ensuring good governance and resources management at local, regional and global scales. To emphasize this strongly in young generation, the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) has been engaged for more than 16 years by having an exclusive Technical Commission on Education and Outreach elements. Every 4 years, this Commission has been addressing different aspects of geospatial technologies by setting up theme specific Working Groups (WGs). ISPRS Student Consortium (SC) is part of the Commission and promotes the profession to the youth. The Consortium serves as a platform of communication and information exchange among members, enabling professional networking and fostering collaborations.The Technical Commission V (TC-V) on Education and Outreach (2016–2021) has constituted eight theme WGs with different roles and activities to work upon following areas (i) multi-tier training for all levels (ii) collaborative effort at national, regional and international level (iii) dissemination through distance learning mode and web-based resource sharing & (iv) use of best practices to implement through citizen science approach, open source tools & geo web services. These WGs have made significant contributions by engaging actively workshops and new scientific initiatives in past four years. TC-V with support of International Policy Advisory Committee conducted a full-day program on International Cooperation on Earth Observation.I am happy to note that for XXIV Congress 2020, there were 33 submissions of research papers on Education and Outreach. Of these, 21 were submitted for Archives and 13 for Annals. These papers include several disciplines covering surveying, new methodologies in geoinformatics, robotic vision, citizen science in disasters bringing education to the capacity development in different disciplines. Besides these, a total of 13 papers were accepted from an initial total of 29 submissions under the Youth Forum track. All these papers were reviewed by selected experts. These papers include several disciplines covering surveying, new methodologies in geoinformatics mapping of urban landscapes, burnt area detection, morphological analysis of landslides, 3D reconstruction of buildings, classification and analysis of point clouds, applications of UAVs for aquatic vegetation and evaluation of existing image processing and interpretation techniques. The current research from the youth also demonstrate the increased use of multi-source imagery, mapping different landscapes using UAVs and the potential of 3D models.We sincerely thank all the reviewers and acknowledge strong efforts made by Area Chairs to ensure quality of all accepted papers. We greatly appreciate the perseverance and dedication of the Scientific and Organizing Committee. We are confident that the present 2020 edition of ISPRS Congress Proceedings will serve as platform for discussion on the current research efforts on the Education and Outreach themes cutting across different disciplines.
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Oyelere, Peter B., i Nirosh T. Kuruppu. "Corporate characteristics of listed companies engaging in web-based financial reporting in emerging economies". Corporate Ownership and Control 13, nr 4 (2016): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4p7.
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We investigate the key corporate characteristics of using the web for voluntary disclosure of financial information in an emerging economy by companies listed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The 132 companies listed on two stock exchanges were investigated to ascertain whether they engage in web-based financial reporting (IFR) or not. Eighty-eight of the companies (about 67%) were found to use their websites for IFR. Similar to prior studies in this area, logistic multiple regression was used to isolate the key corporate characteristics of IFR companies (IFRC) from non-IFR companies (N-IFRC). Results indicate firm size and leverage to be the key determinants of voluntary IFR adoption. Surprisingly, other traditional firm characteristics, such as profitability, industry and liquidity do not explain IFR practices. Policy implications of these findings, as well as the limitations of the study, which provide potential areas for future research, are also discussed.
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Vaast, Emmanuelle. "What Goes Online Comes Offline: Knowledge Management System Use in a Soft Bureaucracy". Organization Studies 28, nr 3 (marzec 2007): 283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607075997.
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This paper investigates when and how online practices (i.e. practices of management and use of web-based Information Technology) impact offline practices (i.e. regular work practices and communication patterns) within a bureaucratic environment. A case study of implementation and use of a Knowledge Management System by members of a network of practice within the bureaucratic environment of a public administration is interpreted through a situated learning perspective. This lens helps us to understand the process of emergence of continuity between online and offline practices. Findings indicate that the constructed continuity within the network of practice emerged from a combination of structural changes in the environment and of the involvement of key actors who actively encouraged others to integrate their online practices into their regular activities. The paper helps us to understand the processes of construction of continuity of online and offline practices and the bounded impacts of this continuity within bureaucracies. Such continuity may contribute to the circumscribed emergence of a soft bureaucracy in which professional competences and exchanges are recognized and encouraged, while the structural features of decision making, control, and resource allocation remain unchanged.
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Chang, Chia-Lin, i Michael McAleer. "Quality weighted citations versus total citations in the sciences and social sciences, with an application to finance and accounting". Managerial Finance 42, nr 4 (11.04.2016): 324–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-12-2014-0315.
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Purpose – Both journal self-citations and exchanged citations have the effect of increasing a journal’s impact factor, which may be deceptive. The purpose of this paper is to analyse academic journal quality and research impact using quality-weighted citations vs total citations, based on the widely used Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (ISI). A new Index of Citations Quality (ICQ) is presented, based on quality-weighted citations. Design/methodology/approach – The new index is used to analyse the leading 500 journals in both the sciences and social sciences, as well as finance and accounting, using quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs) that are based on alternative transformations of citations. Findings – It is shown that ICQ is a useful additional measure to 2-year impact factor (2YIF) and other well-known RAMs for the purpose of evaluating the impact and quality, as well as ranking, of journals as it contains information that has very low correlations with the information contained in the well-known RAMs for both the sciences and social sciences, and finance and accounting. Practical implications – Journals can, and do, inflate the number of citations through self-citation practices, which may be coercive. Another method for distorting journal impact is through a set of journals agreeing to cite each other, that is, by exchanging citations. This may be less coercive than self-citations, but is nonetheless unprofessional and distortionary. Social implications – The premise underlying the use of citations data is that higher quality journals generally have a higher number of citations. The impact of citations can be distorted in a number of ways, both consciously and unconsciously. Originality/value – Regardless of whether self-citations arise through collusive practices, the increase in citations will affect both 2YIF and 5-year impact factor (5YIF), though not Eigenfactor and Article Influence. This leads to an ICQ, where a higher ICQ would generally be preferred to lower. Unlike 5YIF, which is increased by journal self-citations and exchanged citations, and Eigenfactor and Article Influence, both of which are affected by quality-weighted exchanged citations, ICQ will be less affected by exchanged citations. In the absence of any empirical evidence to the contrary, 5YIF and AI are assumed to be affected similarly by exchanged citations.
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Vivitsou, Marianna. "Constructing Identities in Online Encounters". International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtepd.2019010102.
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This article examines digital storytelling practices of 12-15-year-old students from Finland and Greece. In online settings, students construct virtual selves through video and text-based interactions with peers and, thus, perform identity work using English as the language of communication. This study examines digital storytelling as space of intertextuality where different speakers' utterances resignify the context of learning. The authors apply inductive analysis of interview data and a multimodal approach to digital stories as combinations of semiotic systems in order to link with a dynamic digital literacy. Findings indicate that the students use an impersonal, scientific-like style to explain how a chemical reaction happens in some stories. In others, they place the focus on human relationships with body language and gesture adding a personal style. However, rather than language, it is the way the story is performed and acted out that authenticates student work. This bears implications for both the teaching of English and the design of digital storytelling aiming for web-based peer exchanges.
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Garcia-Esteban, Soraya, i Stefan Jahnke. "Skills in European higher education mobility programmes: outlining a conceptual framework". Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 10, nr 3 (6.03.2020): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-09-2019-0111.
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PurposeCredit mobility has been acknowledged not only to broaden personal and intellectual horizons but also to have positive effects on the skills development and employability of undergraduate students. Academics, policymakers and organizations representing the labour market have presented a broad number of skills-related explorations proposing different frameworks to help develop students' skills. However, the identification of explicit skills is still a difficult endeavour. This study aims to revise main conceptual skills frameworks applicable in the European higher education area (EHEA), determine the skills relevant in European credit mobility and categorize skills among the examined schemes in order to create a normative model of the skills students should obtain in exchange programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe approach used to identify related literature was a search in three main databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for scientific and relevant articles after 1990 using the following combination of keywords: “skill frameworks” AND “higher education” OR “skill frameworks” AND “mobility exchange programs”. It produced 391 articles but only 32 deal with skill frameworks in European higher education. After the review of these existing literature (summaries, tables and conclusions), we found out that most articles focused on specific skills (transferable, employable, etc.) in the EHEA, but merely 16 academic publications offered a complete depiction of skills frameworks applicable in credit mobility programs. Most current accounts about skills outlines, specifically the ones related to employability, come from grey literature, namely comprehensive records and reports.FindingsData seem to confirm that there is scarce agreement on a common taxonomy of skills. However, considering the results, which summarize relevant educational, institutional and occupational perspectives, it can be noticed that there is consensus on the classification of only four skills: ICT, literacy and numeracy, which are considered basic, key or core skills in most researched papers together with problem solving, which is generally regarded as a cognitive skill. The general tendency is that policymakers and academia focus on some particular domains: basic/key, core/global foundation/fundamental skills, transferable, transversal and other skills. Studies analysing the workforce skill requirements have projected mainly cognitive and learning skills, whereas mobility programmes concede relevance to employability, management, career and life skills.Research limitations/implicationsMeasuring skills involves limitations as records vary depending on continuous emerging data from institutions, occupations and education. The key frameworks surveyed have provided a representative classification and depiction of the current skills from specific perspectives which are also believed to have their shortcomings. In combination, however, it is believed that the results presented can help provide a theoretical basis for assessing skills in credit mobility and Erasmus programmes within the EHEA. The resulting framework presents a founded basis for skills appraisal which expects to be meaningful for various stakeholders and helps determine how mobility policies can help improve the attainment of skills in the EHEA.Practical implicationsResearch has suggested that education systems will have to adapt to the changing needs of the labour markets' reshaping roles to balance technology and human intellect. The workforce seems to realize that cognitive skills such as problem solving, organization and decision-making are needed in today's society; advanced basic learning skills such as numeracy and literacy are essential. Findings appoint to new areas for exploration in skills development in order to prepare European higher education students for current trends in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the fusion between digital, physical and biological spheres.Social implicationsData seem to confirm that a sole degree does not guarantee success, but the maturity of certain skills and the commitment to lifelong learning. This can be strengthened by taking part in EHEA credit student mobility that has proved to improve not only basic and linguistic skills but also self-development and respect for several aspects such as diversity and (inter)cultural awareness. Taking into account the perceptive and interpersonal abilities mentioned in reports on future skills, it seems that education will need further support for updated teaching practices and assessment of the skills that are expected to have greater demand, namely STEM. Institutions will need to update and promote the teaching of new skills based on a new collective and moral consciousness as recently indicated in OECD's (2018) Global Competence in order to make future citizens understand and act on issues of universal significance in today's interconnected world.Originality/valueFor several decades, government, education and industry have proposed different outlines for what graduates should know and be able to do. Limited academic studies have been found, however, with updated concrete data on which skills should preferably be developed or whether and how students can further improve these skills as part of EHEA credit student mobility. This study has synthesized works and identified domains which featured the importance of generic core, cognitive and employability skills. The revision of skill frameworks has underscored existing literature and reports on future skills which anticipate that, in order to confront the expanding and prevalent role of technology, graduates will need to focus on developing unique human skills such as effective communication and creative innovation, critical thinking and collective ethical values.
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Steyn, Maxi. "Organisational benefits and implementation challenges of mandatory integrated reporting". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, nr 4 (28.10.2014): 476–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-11-2013-0052.
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Purpose – This study aims to summarise the findings of the perceptions of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) and senior executives of South African listed companies on the perceived benefits and implementation challenges as a result of implementing integrated reporting (IR) requirements, as well as motives for preparing an integrated report; it is performed two years into the South African IR regime,. South African-listed companies are among the first in the world to be subject to compliance with IR requirements in terms of stock exchange listing requirements. IR, as a novel and evolutionary step in corporate reporting, along with the influence that integrated thinking and IR principles will have on companies, has been the subject of global debate in recent years. Design/methodology/approach – The research instrument used in the study comprised a self-administered Web-based survey aimed at CEOs and CFOs of all South African listed companies. The survey was validated by a pre-trail and data analysed by a statistician to ensure reliability. Findings – The study revealed that listed companies, in a mandated regulatory regime implemented in a short period with reference to a highly prescriptive draft framework, attach value to the IR process primarily from the perspective of their corporate reputation, investor needs and stakeholder engagement and relations. This strengthens the business case for voluntary IR as a reporting regime. Advancement of corporate reputation appears to be a key motive to compile an integrated report, secondary to compliance as a primary motive. This indicates the perceived corporate legitimising effect of producing an integrated report. Furthermore, managers are more motivated by the legitimising aspect of advancing corporate reputation and stakeholder needs in compiling the integrated report than satisfying investor needs. This results in a disconnect between the perceived audience of the report by managers and the intended audience of the report as providers of capital as envisioned by the IIRC, which should be a matter for future consideration. Better resource allocation decisions and cost reductions are not indicated as an outcome of IR in the study. Furthermore, substantial changes to management information systems, with associated costs, would be required by companies to satisfy the requirements of the report content. The study revealed that the anticipated benefit of a company reconsidering its business model and encouraging sustainable product development is not perceived to be a material outcome in companies that implement IR, nor is assessing economic value creation and strategy considered a key motive for companies to compile an integrated report. Research limitations/implications – Further validation of the survey by statistical methods in addition to the pre-trial of the survey was not considered viable by the statistician in view of the limited amount of data. This may be viewed as a potential limitation of the study. Statistical analysis must also be interpreted with caution given the limited amount of data available for analysis. Other limitations include the fact that certain industries are too heavily represented instead of there being a mix of industries representing the entire market listed on the JSE, and that a substantial proportion of the companies are large listed companies and Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) Constituents. As a result, the results may not be representative of the overall market listed on the JSE. Practical implications – Managers are more motivated by the legitimising aspect of advancing corporate reputation and stakeholder needs in compiling the integrated report than satisfying investor needs, while the intended audience of the report in the framework is the providers of financial capital. This needs to be considered in the future development of regulations and frameworks. Furthermore, policymakers and regulators should exercise caution in the early stages of IR, when there is still a lack of evidence to support significant short-term changes in reconsidering the business model as well as sustainable product development that could be convincingly attributed to mandatory IR. It is, therefore, critical that policymakers, government and regulators strive towards creating a wider enabling environment to advance sustainable product development and sustainable business models. This can include establishing incentives to encourage the development of sustainable products, or other incentives that serve to align business objectives with national and global objectives and frameworks. Industry bodies can play a significant role in developing universal industry standards in this regard. Consideration should further be given to implementing regulatory mechanisms for advancing and possibly enforcing responsible investment practices as a measure to fully engage business in the critical shift towards sustainable business practices. Originality/value – The study is significant from a global perspective because IR and integrated thinking form a new and globally developing concept and the potential benefits and expected outcomes from an organisational perspective thereof for companies are currently the subject of continued global debate. This study aims to provide valuable insights into and understanding of the perceived organisational benefits of implementing IR requirements, as well as serves to highlight the challenge areas experienced in South African companies by compliance with IR requirements. The study also contributes towards the debate of motives of managers for producing an integrated report and how this will affect future directions.
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Helmholz, P., S. Zlatanova, J. Barton i M. Aleksandrov. "GEOINFORMATION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2020 (Gi4DM2020): PREFACE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-3/W1-2020 (18.11.2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-1-2020.
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Abstract. Across the world, nature-triggered disasters fuelled by climate change are worsening. Some two billion people have been affected by the consequences of natural hazards over the last ten years, 95% of which were weather-related (such as floods and windstorms). Fires swept across large parts of California, and in Australia caused unprecedented destruction to lives, wildlife and bush. This picture is likely to become the new normal, and indeed may worsen if unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that in some locations, disaster that once had a once-in-a-century frequency may become annual events by 2050.Disaster management needs to keep up. Good cooperation and coordination of crisis response operations are of critical importance to react rapidly and adequately to any crisis situation, while post-disaster recovery presents opportunities to build resilience towards reducing the scale of the next disaster. Technology to support crisis response has advanced greatly in the last few years. Systems for early warning, command and control and decision-making have been successfully implemented in many countries and regions all over the world. Efforts to improve humanitarian response, in particular in relation to combating disasters in rapidly urbanising cities, have also led to better approaches that grapple with complexity and uncertainty.The challenges however are daunting. Many aspects related to the efficient collection and integration of geo-information, applied semantics and situational awareness for disaster management are still open, while agencies, organisations and governmental authorities need to improve their practices for building better resilience.Gi4DM 2020 marked the 13th edition of the Geoinformation for Disaster Management series of conferences. The first conference was held in 2005 in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami which claimed the lives of over 220,000 civilians. The 2019-20 Australian Bushfire Season saw some 18.6 million Ha of bushland burn, 5,900 buildings destroyed and nearly three billion vertebrates killed. Gi4DM 2020 then was held during Covid-19 pandemic, which took the lives of more than 1,150,000 people by the time of the conference. The pandemic affected the organisation of the conference, but the situation also provided the opportunity to address important global problems.The fundamental goal of the Gi4DM has always been to provide a forum where emergency responders, disaster managers, urban planners, stakeholders, researchers, data providers and system developers can discuss challenges, share experience, discuss new ideas and demonstrate technology. The 12 previous editions of Gi4DM conferences were held in Delft, the Netherlands (March 2005), Goa, India (September 2006), Toronto, Canada (May 2007), Harbin, China (August 2008), Prague, Czech Republic (January 2009), Torino, Italy (February 2010), Antalya, Turkey (May 2011), Enschede, the Netherlands (December, 2012), Hanoi, Vietnam (December 2013), Montpellier, France (2015), Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Prague, Czech Republic (2019). Through the years Gi4DM has been organised in cooperation with different international bodies such as ISPRS, UNOOSA, ICA, ISCRAM, FIG, IAG, OGC and WFP and supported by national organisations.Gi4DM 2020 was held as part of Climate Change and Disaster Management: Technology and Resilience for a Troubled World. The event took place through the whole week of 30th of November to 4th of December, Sydney, Australia and included three events: Gi4DM 2020, NSW Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute (NSW SSSI) annual meeting and Urban Resilience Asia Pacific 2 (URAP2).The event explored two interlinked aspects of disaster management in relation to climate change. The first was geo-information technologies and their application for work in crisis situations, as well as sensor and communication networks and their roles for improving situational awareness. The second aspect was resilience, and its role and purpose across the entire cycle of disaster management, from pre-disaster preparedness to post-disaster recovery including challenges and opportunities in relation to rapid urbanisation and the role of security in improved disaster management practices.This volume consists of 22 scientific papers. These were selected on the basis of double-blind review from among the 40 short papers submitted to the Gi4DM 2020 conference. Each paper was reviewed by two scientific reviewers. The authors of the papers were encouraged to revise, extend and adapt their papers to reflect the comments of the reviewers and fit the goals of this volume. The selected papers concentrate on monitoring and analysis of various aspects related to Covid-19 (4), emergency response (4), earthquakes (3), flood (2), forest fire, landslides, glaciers, drought, land cover change, crop management, surface temperature, address standardisation and education for disaster management. The presented methods range from remote sensing, LiDAR and photogrammetry on different platforms to GIS and Web-based technologies. Figure 1 illustrates the covered topics via wordcount of keywords and titles.The Gi4DM 2020 program consisted of scientific presentations, keynote speeches, panel discussions and tutorials. The four keynotes speakers Prof Suzan Cutter (Hazard and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC, US), Jeremy Fewtrell (NSW Fire and Rescue, Australia), Prof Orhan Altan (Ad-hoc Committee on RISK and Disaster Management, GeoUnions, Turkey) and Prof Philip Gibbins (Fenner School of Environment and Society, ANU, Australia) concentrated on different aspects of disaster and risk management in the context of climate change. Eight tutorials offered exciting workshops and hands-on on: Semantic web tools and technologies within Disaster Management, Structure-from-motion photogrammetry, Radar Remote Sensing, Dam safety: Monitoring subsidence with SAR Interferometry, Location-based Augmented Reality apps with Unity and Mapbox, Visualising bush fires datasets using open source, Making data smarter to manage disasters and emergency situational awareness and Response using HERE Location Services. The scientific sessions were blended with panel discussions to provide more opportunities to exchange ideas and experiences, connect people and researchers from all over the world.The editors of this volume acknowledge all members of the scientific committee for their time, careful review and valuable comments: Abdoulaye Diakité (Australia), Alexander Rudloff (Germany), Alias Abdul Rahman (Malaysia), Alper Yilmaz (USA), Amy Parker (Australia), Ashraf Dewan (Australia), Bapon Shm Fakhruddin (New Zealand), Batuhan Osmanoglu (USA), Ben Gorte (Australia), Bo Huang (Hong Kong), Brendon McAtee (Australia), Brian Lee (Australia), Bruce Forster (Australia), Charity Mundava (Australia), Charles Toth (USA), Chris Bellman (Australia), Chris Pettit (Australia), Clive Fraser (Australia), Craig Glennie (USA), David Belton (Australia), Dev Raj Paudyal (Australia), Dimitri Bulatov (Germany), Dipak Paudyal (Australia), Dorota Iwaszczuk (Germany), Edward Verbree (The Netherlands), Eliseo Clementini (Italy), Fabio Giulio Tonolo (Italy), Fazlay Faruque (USA), Filip Biljecki (Singapore), Petra Helmholz (Australia), Francesco Nex (The Netherlands), Franz Rottensteiner (Germany), George Sithole (South Africa), Graciela Metternicht (Australia), Haigang Sui (China), Hans-Gerd Maas (Germany), Hao Wu (China), Huayi Wu (China), Ivana Ivanova (Australia), Iyyanki Murali Krishna (India), Jack Barton (Australia), Jagannath Aryal (Australia), Jie Jiang (China), Joep Compvoets (Belgium), Jonathan Li (Canada), Kourosh Khoshelham (Australia), Krzysztof Bakuła (Poland), Lars Bodum (Denmark), Lena Halounova (Czech Republic), Madhu Chandra (Germany), Maria Antonia Brovelli (Italy), Martin Breunig (Germany), Martin Tomko (Australia), Mila Koeva (The Netherlands), Mingshu Wang (The Netherlands), Mitko Aleksandrov (Australia), Mulhim Al Doori (UAE), Nancy Glenn (Australia), Negin Nazarian (Australia), Norbert Pfeifer (Austria), Norman Kerle (The Netherlands), Orhan Altan (Turkey), Ori Gudes (Australia), Pawel Boguslawski (Poland), Peter van Oosterom (The Netherlands), Petr Kubíček (Czech Republic), Petros Patias (Greece), Piero Boccardo (Italy), Qiaoli Wu (China), Qing Zhu (China), Riza Yosia Sunindijo (Australia), Roland Billen (Belgium), Rudi Stouffs (Singapore), Scott Hawken (Australia), Serene Coetzee (South Africa), Shawn Laffan (Australia), Shisong Cao (China), Sisi Zlatanova (Australia), Songnian Li (Canada), Stephan Winter (Australia), Tarun Ghawana (Australia), Ümit Işıkdağ (Turkey), Wei Li (Australia), Wolfgang Reinhardt (Germany), Xianlian Liang (Finland) and Yanan Liu (China).The editors would like to express their gratitude to all contributors, who made this volume possible. Many thanks go to all supporting organisations: ISPRS, SSSI, URAP2, Blackash, Mercury and ISPRS Journal of Geoinformation. The editors are grateful to the continued support of the involved Universities: The University of New South Wales, Curtin University, Australian National University and The University of Melbourne.
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Helmholz, P., S. Zlatanova, J. Barton i M. Aleksandrov. "GEOINFORMATION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2020 (GI4DM2020): PREFACE". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VI-3/W1-2020 (17.11.2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-3-w1-2020-1-2020.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. Across the world, nature-triggered disasters fuelled by climate change are worsening. Some two billion people have been affected by the consequences of natural hazards over the last ten years, 95% of which were weather-related (such as floods and windstorms). Fires swept across large parts of California, and in Australia caused unprecedented destruction to lives, wildlife and bush. This picture is likely to become the new normal, and indeed may worsen if unchecked. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that in some locations, disaster that once had a once-in-a-century frequency may become annual events by 2050.Disaster management needs to keep up. Good cooperation and coordination of crisis response operations are of critical importance to react rapidly and adequately to any crisis situation, while post-disaster recovery presents opportunities to build resilience towards reducing the scale of the next disaster. Technology to support crisis response has advanced greatly in the last few years. Systems for early warning, command and control and decision-making have been successfully implemented in many countries and regions all over the world. Efforts to improve humanitarian response, in particular in relation to combating disasters in rapidly urbanising cities, have also led to better approaches that grapple with complexity and uncertainty.The challenges however are daunting. Many aspects related to the efficient collection and integration of geo-information, applied semantics and situational awareness for disaster management are still open, while agencies, organisations and governmental authorities need to improve their practices for building better resilience.Gi4DM 2020 marked the 13th edition of the Geoinformation for Disaster Management series of conferences. The first conference was held in 2005 in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami which claimed the lives of over 220,000 civilians. The 2019-20 Australian Bushfire Season saw some 18.6 million Ha of bushland burn, 5,900 buildings destroyed and nearly three billion vertebrates killed. Gi4DM 2020 then was held during Covid-19 pandemic, which took the lives of more than 1,150,000 people by the time of the conference. The pandemic affected the organisation of the conference, but the situation also provided the opportunity to address important global problems.The fundamental goal of the Gi4DM has always been to provide a forum where emergency responders, disaster managers, urban planners, stakeholders, researchers, data providers and system developers can discuss challenges, share experience, discuss new ideas and demonstrate technology. The 12 previous editions of Gi4DM conferences were held in Delft, the Netherlands (March 2005), Goa, India (September 2006), Toronto, Canada (May 2007), Harbin, China (August 2008), Prague, Czech Republic (January 2009), Torino, Italy (February 2010), Antalya, Turkey (May 2011), Enschede, the Netherlands (December, 2012), Hanoi, Vietnam (December 2013), Montpellier, France (2015), Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Prague, Czech Republic (2019). Through the years Gi4DM has been organised in cooperation with different international bodies such as ISPRS, UNOOSA, ICA, ISCRAM, FIG, IAG, OGC and WFP and supported by national organisations.Gi4DM 2020 was held as part of Climate Change and Disaster Management: Technology and Resilience for a Troubled World. The event took place through the whole week of 30th of November to 4th of December, Sydney, Australia and included three events: Gi4DM 2020, NSW Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute (NSW SSSI) annual meeting and Urban Resilience Asia Pacific 2 (URAP2).The event explored two interlinked aspects of disaster management in relation to climate change. The first was geo-information technologies and their application for work in crisis situations, as well as sensor and communication networks and their roles for improving situational awareness. The second aspect was resilience, and its role and purpose across the entire cycle of disaster management, from pre-disaster preparedness to post-disaster recovery including challenges and opportunities in relation to rapid urbanisation and the role of security in improved disaster management practices.This volume consists of 16 peer-reviewed scientific papers. These were selected on the basis of double-blind review from among the 25 full papers submitted to the Gi4DM 2020 conference. Each paper was reviewed by three scientific reviewers. The authors of the papers were encouraged to revise, extend and adapt their papers to reflect the comments of the reviewers and fit the goals of this volume. The selected papers concentrate on monitoring and analysis of forest fire (3), landslides (3), flood (2), earthquake, avalanches, water pollution, heat, evacuation and urban sustainability, applying a variety of remote sensing, GIS and Web-based technologies. Figure 1 illustrates the scope of the covered topics though the word count of keywords and titles.The Gi4DM 2020 program consisted of scientific presentations, keynote speeches, panel discussions and tutorials. The four keynotes speakers Prof Suzan Cutter (Hazard and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC, US), Jeremy Fewtrell (NSW Fire and Rescue, Australia), Prof Orhan Altan (Ad-hoc Committee on RISK and Disaster Management, GeoUnions, Turkey) and Prof Philip Gibbins (Fenner School of Environment and Society, ANU, Australia) concentrated on different aspects of disaster and risk management in the context of climate change. Eight tutorials offered exciting workshops and hands-on on: Semantic web tools and technologies within Disaster Management, Structure-from-motion photogrammetry, Radar Remote Sensing, Dam safety: Monitoring subsidence with SAR Interferometry, Location-based Augmented Reality apps with Unity and Mapbox, Visualising bush fires datasets using open source, Making data smarter to manage disasters and emergency situational awareness and Response using HERE Location Services. The scientific sessions were blended with panel discussions to provide more opportunities to exchange ideas and experiences, connect people and researchers from all over the world.The editors of this volume acknowledge all members of the scientific committee for their time, careful review and valuable comments: Abdoulaye Diakité (Australia), Alexander Rudloff (Germany), Alias Abdul Rahman (Malaysia), Alper Yilmaz (USA), Amy Parker (Australia), Ashraf Dewan (Australia), Bapon Shm Fakhruddin (New Zealand), Batuhan Osmanoglu (USA), Ben Gorte (Australia), Bo Huang (Hong Kong), Brendon McAtee (Australia), Brian Lee (Australia), Bruce Forster (Australia), Charity Mundava (Australia), Charles Toth (USA), Chris Bellman (Australia), Chris Pettit (Australia), Clive Fraser (Australia), Craig Glennie (USA), David Belton (Australia), Dev Raj Paudyal (Australia), Dimitri Bulatov (Germany), Dipak Paudyal (Australia), Dorota Iwaszczuk (Germany), Edward Verbree (The Netherlands), Eliseo Clementini (Italy), Fabio Giulio Tonolo (Italy), Fazlay Faruque (USA), Filip Biljecki (Singapore), Petra Helmholz (Australia), Francesco Nex (The Netherlands), Franz Rottensteiner (Germany), George Sithole (South Africa), Graciela Metternicht (Australia), Haigang Sui (China), Hans-Gerd Maas (Germany), Hao Wu (China), Huayi Wu (China), Ivana Ivanova (Australia), Iyyanki Murali Krishna (India), Jack Barton (Australia), Jagannath Aryal (Australia), Jie Jiang (China), Joep Compvoets (Belgium), Jonathan Li (Canada), Kourosh Khoshelham (Australia), Krzysztof Bakuła (Poland), Lars Bodum (Denmark), Lena Halounova (Czech Republic), Madhu Chandra (Germany), Maria Antonia Brovelli (Italy), Martin Breunig (Germany), Martin Tomko (Australia), Mila Koeva (The Netherlands), Mingshu Wang (The Netherlands), Mitko Aleksandrov (Australia), Mulhim Al Doori (UAE), Nancy Glenn (Australia), Negin Nazarian (Australia), Norbert Pfeifer (Austria), Norman Kerle (The Netherlands), Orhan Altan (Turkey), Ori Gudes (Australia), Pawel Boguslawski (Poland), Peter van Oosterom (The Netherlands), Petr Kubíček (Czech Republic), Petros Patias (Greece), Piero Boccardo (Italy), Qiaoli Wu (China), Qing Zhu (China), Riza Yosia Sunindijo (Australia), Roland Billen (Belgium), Rudi Stouffs (Singapore), Scott Hawken (Australia), Serene Coetzee (South Africa), Shawn Laffan (Australia), Shisong Cao (China), Sisi Zlatanova (Australia), Songnian Li (Canada), Stephan Winter (Australia), Tarun Ghawana (Australia), Ümit Işıkdağ (Turkey), Wei Li (Australia), Wolfgang Reinhardt (Germany), Xianlian Liang (Finland) and Yanan Liu (China).The editors would like to express their gratitude to all contributors, who made this volume possible. Many thanks go to all supporting organisations: ISPRS, SSSI, URAP2, Blackash, Mercury and ISPRS Journal of Geoinformation. The editors are grateful to the continued support of the involved Universities: The University of New South Wales, Curtin University, Australian National University and The University of Melbourne.
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Sanny, Sanny, i Yusni Warastuti. "Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Tata Kelola Perusahaan Terhadap Kondisi Kesehatan Keuangan Perusahaan". Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis 18, nr 1 (30.07.2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/jab.v18i1.2702.
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Company’s financial health is one of the important factors that must be maintained by the company to maintain the sustainability of its business. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of financial performance and corporate governance on financial health. Financial performance is reflected by three indeps: leverage, liquidity, and profitability. While corporate governance is reflected by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, and the size of audit committee. This study used financial report of listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013-2017. The data was collected by purposive sampling. This study used logistic regression analysis to examine seven of independent variables on financial health. The result indicate leverage and institutional ownership were significant and negatively affected the company’s financial health. While liquidity and profitability were significant and positively affected the company’s financial health.
Almilia, L. S., dan Kristijadi. 2003. Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta. JAAI, 7(2), 183–210.
Bodroastuti, T. 2009. Pengaruh Struktur Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress. Retrieved from Pengaruh Corporate Governance Structure dan Management Agency Cost terhadap Financial Distress
Cinantya, I., dan Merkusiwati, N. 2015. Pengaruh Corporate Governance , Financial Indicators , dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Financial Distress. E, 10.3, 897–915. Diakses dari: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/Akuntansi/article/view/10418
Dewi, N. K. U. G., & Dana, M. 2017. Variabel Penentu Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 6(11), 5834–5858.
Gottardo P., Moisello A.M. 2019. Family Influence, Leverage and Probability of Financial Distress. In: Capital Structure, Earnings Management, and Risk of Financial Distress. SpringerBriefs in Bussiness. Springer, Cham
Gunawijaya, I. N. A. 2015. Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit, Independensi Dewan Komisaris, Reputasi Auditor terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, XIV(27), 111–130.
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Haq, A. Q., Rikumahu, B., dan Firli, A. 2016. Pengaruh Karakteristik Praktik Corporate Governance terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress. Jurnal Profit, 3(1), 9–20.
Harmawan, D. 2013. Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit, Ukuran Dewan, dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Financial Distress.
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Herdinata, C. 2016. Mekanisme Kontrol dan Konflik Keagenan. Diakses dari: http://repository.wima.ac.id/5363/1/
Jantadej, P. 2006. Using the Combinations of Cash Flow Components to Predict Financial Distress. Diakses dari: https://search.proquest.com/docview/305290668
Jumianti, R., Rambe, P. A., dan Ratih, A. E. 2015. Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2011-2014.
Mafiroh, A., dan Triyono. 2016. Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Mekanisme Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress ( Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2014. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia 1(1): 46–53.
Mashady, D., dan Husaini, A. 2014. Pengaruh Working Capital Turnover (WCT), Current Ratio (CR), dan Debt to Total Assets (DTA) Terhadap Return on Investment (ROI). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 7(1): 1-10.
Maulida, I. S., Moehaditoyo, S. H., dan Nugroho, M. 2018. Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Memprediksi Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2014-2016. JIABI, 2(1), 179–193.
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Abstrak
Kesehatan keuangan perusahaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang harus dijaga oleh perusahaan untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan usahanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari kinerja keuangan dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kondisi kesehatan perusahaan. Kinerja keuangan di cerminkan oleh tiga variabel: leverage, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas. Sedangkan tata kelola perusahaan dicerminkan oleh kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, proporsi dewan komisaris independen, dan ukuran komite audit. Penelitian ini menggunakan laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2013-2017. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dan hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa leverage dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan yang berarti perusahaan dengan leverage dan kepemilikan institusional tinggi cenderung berada pada kondisi financial distress, sedangkan likuiditas dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan yang berarti bahwa perusahaan dengan likuiditas dan profitabilitas tinggi akan cenderung pada kondisi finansial sehat.
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Sadasivam, Rajani Shankar, Ariana Kamberi, Kathryn DeLaughter, Barrett Phillips, Jessica H. Williams, Sarah L. Cutrona, Midge N. Ray, Gregg H. Gilbert i Thomas K. Houston. "Secure Asynchronous Communication Between Smokers and Tobacco Treatment Specialists: Secondary Analysis of a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention in the QUIT-PRIMO and National Dental PBRN Networks". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, nr 5 (6.05.2020): e13289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13289.
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Background Within a web-assisted tobacco intervention, we provided a function for smokers to asynchronously communicate with a trained tobacco treatment specialist (TTS). Previous studies have not attempted to isolate the effect of asynchronous counseling on smoking cessation. Objective This study aimed to conduct a semiquantitative analysis of TTS-smoker communication and evaluate its association with smoking cessation. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data on secure asynchronous communication between trained TTSs and a cohort of smokers during a 6-month period. Smokers were able to select their preferred TTS and message them using a secure web-based form. To evaluate whether the TTS used evidence-based practices, we coded messages using the Motivational Interviewing Self-Evaluation Checklist and Smoking Cessation Counseling (SCC) Scale. We assessed the content of messages initiated by the smokers by creating topical content codes. At 6 months, we assessed the association between smoking cessation and the amount of TTS use and created a multivariable model adjusting for demographic characteristics and smoking characteristics at baseline. Results Of the 725 smokers offered asynchronous counseling support, 33.8% (245/725) messaged the TTS at least once. A total of 1082 messages (TTSs: 565; smokers 517) were exchanged between the smokers and TTSs. The majority of motivational interviewing codes were those that supported client strengths (280/517, 54.1%) and promoted engagement (280/517, 54.1%). SCC code analysis showed that the TTS provided assistance to smokers if they were willing to quit (247/517, 47.8%) and helped smokers prepare to quit (206/517, 39.8%) and anticipate barriers (197/517, 38.1%). The majority of smokers’ messages discussed motivations to quit (234/565, 41.4%) and current and past treatments (talking about their previous use of nicotine replacement therapy and medications; 201/565, 35.6%). The majority of TTS messages used behavioral strategies (233/517, 45.1%), offered advice on treatments (189/517, 36.5%), and highlighted motivations to quit (171/517, 33.1%). There was no association between the amount of TTS use and cessation. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for gender, age, race, education, readiness at baseline, number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, and the selected TTS, smokers messaging the TTS one or two times had a smoking cessation odds ratio (OR) of 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.4), and those that messaged the TTS more than two times had a smoking cessation OR of 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.3). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the feasibility of using asynchronous counseling to deliver evidence-based counseling. Low participant engagement or a lack of power could be potential explanations for the nonassociation with smoking cessation. Future trials should explore approaches to increase participant engagement and test asynchronous counseling in combination with other approaches for improving the rates of smoking cessation.
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Nizam, Mohammed Zayan, Leigh Powell i Nabil Zary. "Elements That Underpin the Design, Development, and Evaluation of Social Media Health Interventions: Protocol for a Scoping Review". JMIR Research Protocols 11, nr 2 (1.02.2022): e31911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31911.
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Background Social media use has grown tremendously over the years. Given the volume and diversity of people on social media and the amount of information being exchanged, it is perhaps unsurprising that social media is being used as an avenue to disseminate and deliver health interventions. There exists an opportunity for social media health interventions to make a positive impact on health. However, there is a need to understand more about the ways in which these interventions are designed, developed, and evaluated. This scoping protocol will review the current state of this field by charting the elements that drive the design, development, and evaluation of these interventions. This includes charting models, frameworks, and rationales for the interventions, as well as the platforms being used, and the health behaviors being targeted. This intention of this scoping review is to help inform those who wish to develop effective social media health interventions. Objective The objective of this review is to map the elements that drive the design, development, and evaluation of social media health interventions. We define “social media health intervention” as interventions that make use of social media platforms to disseminate or deliver health-related information and educational initiatives to the public. We will seek to chart the elements that drive the design, development, and delivery of such interventions, including their platforms and targeted health behaviors. Methods The methodological framework for this review is guided by Arksey and O’Malley and enhancements by later studies. We will search relevant literature from 9 databases: (1) PubMed, (2) PsycINFO, (3) EMBASE, (4) Web of Science, (5) Scopus, (6) CINAHL, (7) ERIC, (8) MEDLINE, and (9) Google Scholar. The literature will be screened by at least two reviewers in 2 stages: (1) title/abstract screening against the eligibility criteria; and (2) eligible articles will then undergo a full-text screening. Data will be charted using the data charting tool developed by the authors. Results The results of this study will be presented in a final scoping review paper, divided into 2 sections. The first section will describe the search strategy and study selection process and will contain the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. The second section will provide key details pertaining to the review objective and question. Conclusions This review will help guide scholars looking to build social media health interventions toward evidence-based practices in design and evaluation. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31911
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Gilchrist, Gail, Davina Swan, April Shaw, Ada Keding, Sarah Towers, Noel Craine, Alison Munro i in. "Preventing blood-borne virus infection in people who inject drugs in the UK: systematic review, stakeholder interviews, psychosocial intervention development and feasibility randomised controlled trial". Health Technology Assessment 21, nr 72 (listopad 2017): 1–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21720.
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Background Opioid substitution therapy and needle exchanges have reduced blood-borne viruses (BBVs) among people who inject drugs (PWID). Some PWID continue to share injecting equipment. Objectives To develop an evidence-based psychosocial intervention to reduce BBV risk behaviours and increase transmission knowledge among PWID, and conduct a feasibility trial among PWID comparing the intervention with a control. Design A pragmatic, two-armed randomised controlled, open feasibility trial. Service users were Steering Group members and co-developed the intervention. Peer educators co-delivered the intervention in London. Setting NHS or third-sector drug treatment or needle exchanges in Glasgow, London, Wrexham and York, recruiting January and February 2016. Participants Current PWID, aged ≥ 18 years. Interventions A remote, web-based computer randomisation system allocated participants to a three-session, manualised, psychosocial, gender-specific group intervention delivered by trained facilitators and BBV transmission information booklet plus treatment as usual (TAU) (intervention), or information booklet plus TAU (control). Main outcome measures Recruitment, retention and follow-up rates measured feasibility. Feedback questionnaires, focus groups with participants who attended at least one intervention session and facilitators assessed the intervention’s acceptability. Results A systematic review of what works to reduce BBV risk behaviours among PWID; in-depth interviews with PWID; and stakeholder and expert consultation informed the intervention. Sessions covered improving injecting technique and good vein care; planning for risky situations; and understanding BBV transmission. Fifty-six per cent (99/176) of eligible PWID were randomised: 52 to the intervention group and 47 to the control group. Only 24% (8/34) of male and 11% (2/18) of female participants attended all three intervention sessions. Overall, 50% (17/34) of men and 33% (6/18) of women randomised to the intervention group and 47% (14/30) of men and 53% (9/17) of women randomised to the control group were followed up 1 month post intervention. Variations were reported by location. The intervention was acceptable to both participants and facilitators. At 1 month post intervention, no increase in injecting in ‘risky’ sites (e.g. groin, neck) was reported by participants who attended at least one session. PWID who attended at least one session showed a trend towards greater reduction in injecting risk behaviours, a greater increase in withdrawal planning and were more confident about finding a vein. A mean cost of £58.17 per participant was calculated for those attending one session, £148.54 for those attending two sessions and £270.67 for those attending all three sessions, compared with £0.86 in the control group. Treatment costs across the centres vary as a result of the different levels of attendance, as total session costs are divided by attendees to obtain a cost per attendee. The economic analysis suggests that a cost-effectiveness study would be feasible given the response rates and completeness of data. However, we have identified aspects where the service use questionnaire could be abbreviated given the low numbers reported in several care domains. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions As only 19% of participants attended all three intervention sessions and 47% were followed up 1 month post intervention, a future definitive randomised controlled trial of the intervention is not feasible. Exposure to information on improving injecting techniques did not encourage riskier injecting practices or injecting frequency, and benefits were reported among attendees. The intervention has the potential to positively influence BBV prevention. Harm reduction services should ensure that the intervention content is routinely delivered to PWID to improve vein care and prevent BBVs. Future work The intervention did not meet the complex needs of some PWID, more tailoring may be needed to reach PWID who are more frequent injectors, who are homeless and female. Limitations Intervention delivery proved more feasible in London than other locations. Non-attendance at the York trial site substantially influenced the results. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN66453696 and PROSPERO 014:CRD42014012969. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 72. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Ramachandra, T. V. "Innovative ecological approaches to ensure clean and adequate water for all". Journal of Environmental Biology 43, nr 03 (2.05.2022): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/3/editorial.
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The Western Ghats, a range of ancient hills extends between 8° N and 21° N latitude, and 73° E and 77° E longitude(from the tip of peninsular India at Kanyakumari to Gujarat). The Western Ghats runs parallel to the west coast of India, covering approximately 160,000 sq. km, which constitutes less than 5% of India's geographical extent. Numerous streams originate in the Western Ghats, which drain millions of hectares, ensuring water and food security for 245 million people and hence are aptly known as the water tower of peninsular India(Ramachandra and Bharath, 2019; Bharath et al., 2021). The region is endowed with diverse ecological regions depending on altitude, latitude, rainfall, and soil characteristics. The Western Ghats are among the eight hottest hotspots of biodiversity and 36 global biodiversity hotspots with exceptional endemic flora and fauna. Natural forests of Western Ghats have been providing various goods and services and are endowed with species of 4,600+ flowering plants (38% endemics), 330 butterflies (11% endemics), 156 reptiles (62% endemics), 508 birds (4% endemics), 120 mammals (12% endemics), 289 fishes (41% endemics) and 135 amphibians (75% endemics). The Western Ghats, gifted with enormous natural resource potential, and the mandate of sustainable development based on the foundation of prudent management of ecosystems, is yet a reality. Various unplanned developmental programs, which are proclaimed to be functioning on sustainability principles, have only been disrupting the complex web of life, impacting ecosystems, and causing a decline in overall productivity, including four major sectors: forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and water (Ramachandra and Bharath, 2019).The prevalence of barren hilltops, conversion of perennial streams to intermittent or seasonal streams, frequent floods and droughts, changes in water quality, soil erosion and sedimentation, the decline of endemic flora, and fauna, etc. highlights the consequences of unplanned developmental activities with a huge loss to the regional economy during the last century. The development goals need to be ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, which can be achieved through the conservation and prudent management of ecosystems. Sustainability implies the equilibrium between society, ecosystem integrity, and sustenance of natural resources. Water sustenance in streams and rivers depends on the integrity of the catchment (watershed), as vegetation helps in retarding the velocity of water by allowing impoundment and recharging of groundwater through infiltration (Ramachandra et al., 2020). As water moves in the terrestrial ecosystem, part of it is percolated (recharging groundwater resources and contributing to sub-surface flow during post-monsoon seasons), while another fraction gets back to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Forests with native vegetation act as a sponge by retaining and regulating water transfer between land and the atmosphere. The mechanism by which vegetation controls flow regime is dependent on various bio-physiographic characteristics, namely, type of vegetation, species composition, maturity, density, root density and depth, hydro-climatic condition, etc. Roots of vegetation help (i) in binding soil, ii) improve soil structure by enhancing the stability of aggregates, which provide habitat for diverse microfauna and flora, leading to higher porosity of the soil, thereby creating the conduit for infiltration through the soil. An undisturbed native forest has a consistent hydrologic regime with sustained flows during lean seasons. Native species of vegetation with the assemblage of diverse native species help in recharging the groundwater, mitigating floods, and other hydro-ecological processes (Ramachandra et al., 2020; Bharath et al., 2021). Hence, it necessitates safeguarding and maintaining native forest patches and restoring existing degraded lands to sustain the hydrological regime, which caters to biotic (ecological and societal) demands. A comparative assessment of people's livelihood with soil water properties and water availability in sub-catchments of four major river basins in the Western Ghats reveals that streams in catchments with > 60% vegetation of native species are perennial with higher soil moisture (Ramachandra et al., 2020). The higher soil moisture due to water availability during all seasons facilitates farming of commercial crops with higher economic returns to the farmers, unlike the farmers who face water crises during the lean season. In contrast, streams are intermittent (6-8 months of water) in catchments dominated by monoculture plantations and seasonal (4 months, monsoon period) in catchments with vegetation cover lower than 30%. The study highlights the need to maintain ecosystem integrity to sustain water. Also, lower instances of COVID 19 in villages with native forests emphasize ecosystems' role in maintaining the health of biota. The need to maintain native vegetation in the catchment and its potential to support people's livelihood with water availability at local and regional levels is evident from the revenue of Rs. Rs.2,74,658 ha-1 yr-1 (in villages with perennial streams and farmers growing cash crops or three crops a year due to water availability), Rs. 1,50,679 ha-1 yr-1 (in villages with intermittent streams) and Rs. 80000 ha-1 yr-1 (in villages with seasonal streams). Also, the crop yield (at least 1.5 to 1.8 times) is higher in agriculture fields due to efficient pollination with the prevalence of diverse pollinators in the vicinity of native forests. The study emphasizes the need for maintaining the natural flow regime and prudent management of watershed to i) sustain higher faunal diversity, ii) maintain the health of water body, and iii) sustain people's livelihood with higher revenues. Hence, the premium should be on conserving the forests with native species to sustain water and biotic diversity in the water bodies, vital for food security. There still exists a chance to restore the lost natural ecosystems through appropriate ecological restoration approaches, with location-specific conservation and management practices to ensure adequate and clean water for all. GDP (Gross Domestic Product), a measure of the current economic well-being of a population, based on the market exchange of material well-being, will indicate resource depletion/degradation only through a positive gain in the economy and will not represent the decline in these assets (wealth) at all. Thus, the existing GDP growth percentages used as yardsticks to measure the development and well-being of citizens in decision-making processes are substantially misleading, yet they are being used. The traditional national accounts need to include resource depletion or degradation due to developmental activities and climate change. The country should move toward adopting Green GDP by accounting for the environmental consequences of the growth in the conventional GDP, which entails monetizing the services provided by ecosystems, the degradation cost of ecosystems, and accounts for costs caused by climate change. The forest ecosystems are under severe threat due to anthropogenic pressures, which are mostly related to the GDP.The appraisal of forest ecosystem services and biodiversity can help clarify trade-offs among conflicting environmental, social, and economic goals in the development and implementation of policies and to improve the management in order biodiversity.Natural capital accounting and valuation of ecosystem services reveal that forest ecosystems provide (i) provisioning services (timber, fuelwood, food, NTFP, medicines, genetic materials) of Rs 2,19,494 ha-1 yr-1, (ii) regulating services (global climate regulation - carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and soil fertility, water regulation and groundwater recharge, water purification, pollination, waste treatment, air filtration, local climate regulation) of Rs 3,31,216 ha-1 yr-1 and (iii) cultural services (aesthetic, spiritual, tourism and recreation, education and scientific research) of Rs.1,04,561 ha-1 yr-1. Total ecosystem supply value (TESV), an aggregation of provisioning, regulating, and cultural services, amounts to Rs. 6,56,172 ha-1 yr-1, and the Net Present Value (NPV) of one hectare of forests amounts to 16.88 million rupees ha-1. NPV helps in estimating ecological compensation while diverting forest lands for other purposes. The recovery of an ecosystem with respect to its health, integrity, and sustainability is evident from an initiative of planting (500 saplings of 49 native species) in a degraded landscape (dominated by invasive species) of two hectares in the early 1990s at the Indian Institute of Science campus (Ramachandra et al., 2016),and the region has now transformed into a mini forest with numerous benefits such as improvements in groundwater at 3-6 m (compared to 30-40 m in 1990), moderated microclimate (with lower temperature) and numerous fauna (including four families of Slender Loris). While confirming the linkages of hydrology, ecology, and biodiversity, the experiment advocates the need for integrated watershed approaches based on sound ecological and engineering protocols to sustain water and ensure adequate water for all. A well-known and successful model of integrated wetlands ecosystem (Secondary treatment plant integrated with constructed wetlands and algae pond) at Jakkur Lake in Bangalore (Ramachandra et al., 2018) provides insights into the optimal treatment of wastewater and mitigation of pollution. Complete removal of nutrients and chemical contaminants happens when partially treated sewage (secondary treated) passes through constructed wetlands and algae pond (sedimentation pond), undergoes bio-physical and chemical processes. The water in the lake is almost potable with minimal nutrients and microbial counts. This model has been functioning successfully for the last ten years after interventions to rejuvenate the lake. This system is one of the self-sustainable ways of lake management while benefitting all stakeholders - washing, fishing, irrigation, and local people. Wells in the buffer zone (500 m), now have higher water levels and are without any nutrients (nitrate). Groundwater quality assessment in 25 wells in the same region during 2005 (before the rejuvenation of Jakkur Lake) had higher nitrate values. Adopting this model ensures optimal sewage treatment at decentralized levels, and letting treated water to the lake also provides nutrient-free and clean groundwater. The Jal Shakti ministry,the Government of India, through Jal Jeevan Mission, has embarked on the noble and novel mission of providing tap water supply to all rural households and public institutions in villages such as schools, health centers, panchayat buildings, etc. The success of this program depends on the availability of water. The imminent threat of acute water scarcity due to climate changes with global warming necessitates implementing integrated watershed development (planting of native species in the watershed of water bodies), rainwater harvesting (rooftop harvesting at individual household levels, and retaining rainwater in rejuvenated lakes, which also helps in recharge of groundwater) and reuse of wastewater through treatment at decentralized levels (a model similar to Jakkur lake at Bangalore). These prudent management initiatives at decentralized levels throughout the country aid in achieving the goals of providing clean and adequate water to the local community.
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Chu, Vien, i Belinda Luke. "NPO Web-Based Accountability: How Can We Know If NPOs Are Doing Good Things?" Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29.12.2021, 089976402110628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08997640211062856.
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This study develops a comprehensive but practical framework for not-for-profit organization (NPO) web-based accountability involving (a) disclosure of operations, financial performance, and social performance, and (b) dialogue; and investigates it in the practices of five Australian NPO award finalists and 160 NPOs more broadly. The findings highlight NPOs’ web-based accountability focused on operational disclosure, promoting NPOs’ activities and mission. However, financial and social performance disclosure was lacking, despite financial performance information being publicly available on the government regulator’s website. Furthermore, the use of online platforms to promote dialogue and exchange was limited. The study suggests that regulatory requirements play an important role in strengthening NPOs’ accountability, and the lack of social performance reporting means it is still unclear what “good things” NPOs are doing.
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Alhogail, Areej. "Enhancing information security best practices sharing in virtual knowledge communities". VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (6.06.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-01-2020-0009.
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Purpose Sharing information security best practices between experts via knowledge management systems is valuable for improving information security practices, exchanging expertise, mitigating security risks, spreading knowledge, reducing costs and saving efforts. The purpose of this paper is developing a conceptual model to enhance the transfer of information security best practices between professionals in virtual communities through a Web-based knowledge management system to exchange their successful experience in handling different information security situations. Design/methodology/approach The model is validated by surveying 17 experts’ reviews on the correctness of the model’s structure and its related components through applying deep rich peer debriefing to test suitability. Quantitative data has been collected to achieve confirmatory results. Findings The resulting model incorporates five main components that support the formal mechanism for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge: identification, classification, storage, validation and sharing. The success of knowledge sharing is highly dependent on the active collaboration of community members and highly influenced by motivation. Validating transferred knowledge is vital for ensuring the credibility of the system. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is one of the first to highlight the role of integrating knowledge management to enhance the effective share and reuse of information security best practices knowledge. The research results can support researchers investigating the topic and generate trustworthy literature to guide information security virtual community developers.
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Pandya, Bhavesh, Amir Pourabdollah i Ahmad Lotfi. "A Comparative Study of Stand-alone and Cloud-Based Fuzzy Logic Systems for Human Fall Detection". International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 21.12.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40815-022-01437-2.
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AbstractTraditionally, fuzzy logic systems are linked to specific hardware or software systems. Observations reveal that dispersed and distributed designs of intelligent systems are gaining attraction. Due to the possible complexities of fuzzy logic computations, distributed architectures have the potential to add value to the development of fuzzy systems. However, the absence of best practices and standard methodologies may prevent widespread adoption. By broadening the IEEE-1855 (2016) standard in terms of system definition and data exchange, this research offers a standard solution for building a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) as a novel method of implementing fuzzy logic systems by means of a cloud-based collecting, processing, and examining data over the web. A comparison between the performances of a stand-alone hardware-dependent solution and a cloud-based solution (known as fuzzy-as-a-service) is performed. The analysis is also carried out on two different cloud service providers and software libraries (Amazon Web Services using JFML as a java-based library and Azure Web Services using Simpful as a python-based library). The analysis and evaluation are performed on a human fall detection scenario involving wearable sensors. The proposed algorithm can identify between fall and non-fall events. However, the results show that the processing time taken per 10,000 samples using smartwatch and mobile was 2220 s and 101 s for a cloud-based non-fuzzy machine learning system, 1111 s and 45 s for a cloud-based fuzzy system with AWS and JFML, and 1250 s and 97 s for a cloud-based fuzzy system with Microsoft Azure and Simpful libraries. It has been observed that a smartwatch with a fuzzy stand-alone crashed after processing 5000 samples and a mobile phone requires 179.42 s to process 10,000 samples.
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Fullerton, Clare E., Alyson W. Tamer, Siddharth Banerjee, Abdullah F. Alsharef i Edward J. Jaselskis. "Development of North Carolina Department of Transportation’s CLEAR Program for Enhanced Project Performance". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 28.02.2021, 036119812199519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121995195.
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Valuable lessons learned and best practices gleaned from construction projects often do not transfer to future generations because of the lack of a formalized process. This ongoing issue gives rise to the need to impart fresh training to new North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) employees once the aging workforce retires or in the event of turnover. In addition, a platform for personnel to record pertinent project information about successes and failures in projects is needed. Such information can help solve problems and avoid repeated mistakes. The aim of this research project is to create a new program called Communicate Lessons, Exchange Advice, Record (CLEAR) to reposit knowledge gained by personnel. Integral to this program is an internal-only web-based database on NCDOT’s Connect SharePoint portal with MS Access as its backend. The North Carolina State University researchers used a Design for Six Sigma approach to identify, define, develop, optimize, and verify lessons learned/best practices to create the CLEAR database. The database fields were selected based on end-user input as well as a review of existing data, such as claims and supplemental agreements, within NCDOT data repositories. Training materials, including videos and standard operating procedures, were created to disseminate information about this new program. The CLEAR program will help the NCDOT to institutionalize knowledge and is expected to improve project cost variability and scheduling.