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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Weaning weight”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 10 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Weaning weight"

Pluske, J. R., D. K. Kerton, P. D. Cranwell, R. G. Campbell, B. P. Mullan, R. H. King, G. N. Power i in. "Age, sex, and weight at weaning influence organ weight and gastrointestinal development of weanling pigs". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, nr 5 (2003): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02156.

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The present study was designed to determine the interrelationships between sex, weaning age, and weaning weight on aspects of physiological and gastrointestinal development in pigs. Forty-eight Large White × Landrace pigs were used in a factorial arrangement with the respective factors being: age at weaning (14 or 28 days), weight at weaning (heavy or light), sex (boar or gilt), and time after weaning (1, 7, and 14 days). At weaning, 48 pigs were removed from the sow: 16 pigs were then fasted for 24 h before euthanasia for determination of organ weights, gut histology, and enzymology, and 32 pigs were offered a high quality pelleted weaner diet ad libitum for subsequent assessment of organ weights, histology, and enzymology at 7 and 14 d after weaning. On Day 6 and 13 after weaning, 2 pigs from each group had their feed removed, and 24 h later were euthanased and similar measurements were taken. In general, the data highlighted the overall gastrointestinal underdevelopment of pigs weaned at 2 weeks of age and of pigs weaned light-for-age at either 2 or 4 weeks. Heavier body organs, gastrointestinal organs, and accessory digestive organs observed after weaning, except for the spleen, presumably reflected the increase in substrates available for cellular growth as feed intake increased after weaning, and the development of organs required to process this feed. Interestingly, the relative weights (% of liveweight) of the stomach and small intestine and, to a lesser extent, the caecum and colon, were greater in the light, 14-day-old weaned pigs, but these differences diminished with increasing time after weaning. Consistent effects due to age, weight, and sex were not observed for villous height and crypt depth, or for the specific activities of the brush-border and pancreatic enzymes measured. However, increases (P < 0.001) in the activities of maltase (P�<�0.001), glucoamylase (P < 0.001), and sucrase (P = 0.020) (all expressed per gram of mucosa), and that of trypsin (per gram of pancreas), occurred by 14 days after weaning. This most likely reflected the inducible nature of these enzymes in response to the increasing intake of substrates provided in the diet. In contrast, the specific activity of lactase declined (P = 0.012) in the first 14 days after weaning. These data suggest that pigs weaned at 2 weeks of age and pigs weaned light-for-age at either 2 or 4 weeks have a less developed gastrointestinal tract, and that its development after weaning might proceed differently to that of pigs weaned older and heavier.

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Kutluca Korkmaz, Müzeyyen, i Ebru Emsen. "Farklı Yaşlarda Sütten Kesimin Prolifik ve Terminal Irk Melez Kuzuların Büyüme Özellikleri ve Yaşama Güçleri Üzerine Etkisi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, nr 11 (24.11.2020): 2255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i11.2255-2260.2468.

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In this study, we compared the growth and survival characteristics of Romanov × Morkaraman (F1 Rom), Romanov × F1 Romanov (G1 Rom) and Charollais × F1 Romanov (Charom) crossbreed lambs weaning weight at different ages. After birth, from three genotypes lambs were weaned at two different ages of 50 and 75 days and growth performance after weaning was examined at 120 days of age. The effect of three different genotypes and birth type on birth weight was very important, and sex effect was insignificant. In weaning weight, only the effect of birth type was found to be significant. Lamb birth and weaning weights were in Charom, F1 Rom, G1 Rom lambs, 3.38-15.28; 3.98-15.04; 3.21-15.55 kg, respectively. The type of birth showed variation in the birth weight of the lamb and the decrease in lamb birth weights (Single: 4.19 kg: Twin: 3.42 kg; Triplet: 3.15 kg and Quadrature: 2.88 kg) was observed as the number of offspring increased. The effect of the birth type on weaning weights was similar in single and triplet. Single-born lambs have higher weaning weights than those of twins and quadruplets. Average daily live weight gain (ADG) from weaning in single lambs, 247.37 g were found higher than twin (190.67 g), triplets (201.44 g) and quadruplets (178.57 g). The effect of weaning age was insignificant on weaning weights. The first month weight after weaning, effect of the genotype of the lamb, the birth type and the sex were insignificant; but effect of weaning age was significant weaning weights and first month after weaning weights the ADG. The late weaned lambs had higher next first month live weight (18.62-17.89 kg) and ADG (179.45-81.32 g). The live weights of the lambs on the 120 days were similar and none of the factors investigated were found to be effective.

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Meyer, K. "Estimates of covariance components for growth traits of Australian Charolais cattle". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, nr 7 (1993): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931501.

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Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters were obtained for birth, weaning, yearling and final weights and postweaning gain of Australian Charolais cattle fitting an animal model including genetic or permanent environmental maternal effects. No 'carry-over' of maternal effects till weaning on postweaning weights was found. Direct heritability estimates were 34, 41 and 22% for yearling weight, final weight and postweaning gain respectively. Maternal genetic effects were not important for birth weight and were small for weaning weight. Permanent environmental maternal effects affected birth weight to a moderate extent, but were the main factor determining weaning weight, explaining 4% and 21% of the respective phenotypic variance while direct heritabilities were 21% (birth) and 12% (weaning). Direct genetic correlations between birth and the other weights were medium, ranging from 0.44 to 0.67, while estimates between weaning, yearling and final weight were close to unity.

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Anous, M. R. "Selection indexes for improved weaning and marketing body weights of the Burundi local rabbits". Archives Animal Breeding 44, nr 5 (10.10.2001): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-561-2001.

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Abstract. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth-related traits involving body weights at 4, 6 (weaning), 8 and 10 (marketing) weeks of age and average daily gains from 4- to 6- and 6- to 10-weeks of age (postweaning daily gain) were computed on 193 males of the Burundian local rabbits . Estimates were then used for constructing thirteen selection indexes, involved body weights at 4, 6 and 10 weeks of age and daily gains, to improve body weights of rabbits at weaning and marketing. The use of weaning weight in an index combined with body weight at 4 weeks of age (W4) and posuveaning average daily gain (index12) or postweaning daily gain solely (index2) resulted in a relative efficiency of about 100 % as using weaning weight combined with body weights at 4 and 10 weeks of age (index,) or with marketing body weight (index2) or W4 (index3). The accuracy of selection (rTI) using these indexes ranged between 0.890 and 0.906. They lead to a progress in weaning weight from 77–79 g and in marketing weight from 54–56 g. However, from a practical stand point, selection on index 3, including W4 and weaning weight, or on index 5, including weaning weight alone, could be recommended for improving both weaning and marketing weights of Burundian local rabbits.

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Adedibu, I. I., F. E. Sola- Ojo i M. Lawal. "Sokoto Red and Sahelian goats: The untapped potential for improving meat production in the developing economy of Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, nr 4 (27.12.2020): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.494.

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A study was conducted on indigenous unselected Sokoto Red (SR) and Sahel (SH) goats in National Animal Production Research Institute, (NAPRI), Ahmadu Bello University, Shika- Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was carried out to understand how birth, pre- weaning and post-weaning weights in the SR and SH goats can be used to improve their productivity. Thirty kids (10 males and 20 females) of SR and thirty kids (10 males and 20 females) of SH breeds of goat were utilised for this study. Results obtained showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) was very low. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among mean bodyweight at birth, 30 days pre-weaning, 60 days pre-weaning, 90 days post- weaning and 120 days post-weaning weights of SR and SH goats except at 150 days post- weaning weight. Highly positive phenotypic correlations existed in the SR goats between 90- day weaning weight and 120-day post weaning; 90-day weaning weight and 150-day post weaning.120-day post weaning weight and 150-day post weaning.The birth weight of the SH goats were highly significant (P<0.05) and positively correlated with body weight at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days old. It was observed that the sampled population was homogeneous for all traits. The 90-day weight of the SR can be utilised to improve for body weight at 30-, 120- and 150- days of age while in the SH goat, selection for high birth weight would enhance improvement for high body weight at later stages of growth.

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Caro-Petrovic, Violeta, Milan Petrovic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Irina Sycheva, Bogdan Cekic i Ivan Cosic. "Interrelation between body weights of sire, dam and their lambs at early stage of growth". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, nr 2 (2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2002205c.

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Records of female lambs and their parents of the Mis sheep breed have used. All animals are approximately have weaned at 90 days of age. Descriptive statistics, paired sample test, paired differences, measures of association, correlations and regression of body weights between female lambs and their parents have done. A complementary least body weights at 30 days and weaning between dams and lambs but utmost weight at 30 days, the lambs were higher while at weaning, the dams had higher weight. It can observe that the averages on body weights the rams were the highest, followed by lambs and the lowest the dams? body weights. The coefficient of determination of R2 varies from low to high, indicating that the lamb's body weight has more influenced by other factors that we have not considered. There were significant correlations between lamb body weight at birth and sire/dam body weight at birth. The results showed highly significant correlations of lamb's body weight at 30 days with dams but with sires, positive and very low. There had positive but no significant correlation between lamb body weight at weaning and sire body weight at weaning. Lamb body weight at weaning and dam body weight at weaning are highly correlated.

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Lee, G. J., i C. S. Haley. "Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses". Animal Science 60, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800008432.

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AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

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Yaylak, Erdal, Hikmet Orhan i Alim Daşkaya. "Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, nr 7 (11.07.2015): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i7.617-622.392.

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The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

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Koketsu, Y., i G. D. Dial. "Factors associated with average pig weight at weaning on farms using early weaning". Animal Science 66, nr 1 (luty 1998): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009024.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various factors on average pig weight at weaning on farms using early weaning. Farms were selected based on average weaning age and whether they recorded lactation food intake and litter weights at weaning. The database contained 9834 litter weights and 8903 food intake records. Average pig weight at weaning, litter size at weaning, weaning age, and average daily food intake during lactation (ADFl) were 4·9 (s.d. 1·0) kg, 9·3 (s.d. 1·6) pigs, 16·8 (s.d. 2·8) days, and 4·9 (s.d. 1·1) kg, respectively. Litter size, weaning age, parity, farrowing season, and ADFl groups influenced average pig weight at weaning (P < 0·01). Three two-way interactions between parity and season, weaning age and farrowing season, and weaning age and ADFl groups were found fP < 0·01). Average pig weights for litter sizes between six and 10 were higher than those between litter sizes one and four, and 11 and 22. Parity 1 sows produced lighter pig weights than any other parity group during any other season (P < 0·01). Average weights of weaned pigs farrowed during the summer in all parities groups were lighter (P < 0·01) than those during the autumn. Pig weights for weaning ages between 22 and 21 days during the summer tended to be lighter than those during the autumn. Pigs weaned between days 16 and 22 of age in the high ADFI group (>5·6 kg) were heavier (P < 0·01) than those in the low ADFl (> 4·2 kg) group.

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Glaze, J. B. Jr, i R. R. Schalles. "Relationships between weaning weight, maternal weaning weight, and milk production in polled Hereford cattle". Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.2042.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Weaning weight"

Ligon, Jennifer Marie. "The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262.

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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of low stress (LS) handling of beef calves on weight gain and calf activity associated with the weaning process. Cattle were of Angus and Angus cross breeding from two separate herds in Virginia. Handlers for the LS groups went through a short training session. Handlers for the Control (C) groups did not have any special training and handled their group as they would have with no adjustments. Handling and calf activity were monitored each time (6 times) the cows were worked from calving through one month post-weaning. Weights were taken from birth to one month post-weaning. During the week post-weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 4.38 lbs. and the LS calves averaged a gain of 16.94 lbs. One month post-weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 49.01 lbs., while the LS calves averaged a gain of 68.6 lbs. This showed a difference (p < 0.0001) between handling method for weight gain in calves for one week and one month post-weaning. Pedometers were used to assess calf activity post-weaning. Steps per hour (SPH) for the week post-weaning was numerically higher for those calves handled conventionally and not trained for weaning. The C calves averaged 1048 to 1629 SPH for the first three days, where the LS calves averaged 443 to 644 SPH for the first three days. Additionally, the artificial insemination conception rates (AICR) were calculated in each herd and treatment groups compared, however results were equivocal. This study demonstrated that handling cattle using low stress techniques can make significant improvements with regard to weaning weights and has potential to increase other areas of production in beef cattle.
Master of Science

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Khombe, Carroll Themba. "The inheritance of weaning weight in Mashona cattle grazing on free range in Zimbabwe". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41636.

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Genetic parameters were estimated using 8086 weaning weight records of Mashona cattle from commercial herds in Zimbabwe, through Derivative-free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML) procedure fitting an individual animal model. All known additive relationships among animals were incorporated and all sires were assumed to have been bred by unknown parents. A simulation study was carried out to estimate the amount of bias in the estimated genetic parameters caused by the failure to account for the true relationships among the breeding animals.
Genetic differences between the weaning weights of Mashona cattle in commercial herds and in small holder herds were estimated using performance records of progeny from 2 reference bulls, 3 bulls from commercial herds, 14 bulls from Makoholi Research Station and 20 bulls from small holder farms. The findings from this study were used as a basis for simulating different strategies of improving the weaning weights of Mashona cattle through the creation of nucleus herds. Estimates ($ pm$s.e) of direct heritability (h$ sb{ rm A} sp2$), maternal heritability (h$ sb{ rm M} sp2$) and the correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects (r$ sb{ rm AM}$) were 0.243 $ pm$ 0.046, 0.392 $ pm$ 0.031 and $-$0.282 $ pm$ 0.081, respectively. When a permanent environmental effect of the dam (c$ sp2$) was fitted, the estimates of h$ sb{ rm A} sp2$, h$ sb{ rm M} sp2$, r$ sb{ rm AM}$ and c$ sp2$ were 0.281 $ pm$ 0.026, 0.113 $ pm$ 0.022, $-$0.269 $ pm$ 0.106 and 0.228 $ pm$ 0.023, respectively. No significant trends were observed in direct breeding values but there was a decline in maternal breeding values. The simulation study indicated that the bias in h$ sb{ rm A} sp2$ and h$ sb{ rm M} sp2$ resulting from the lack of sire pedigrees was trivial if the correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects was high and a large proportion of dams had known pedigrees.
The progeny test showed that both the mean breeding values of the reference sires and the bulls from commercial farms were significantly higher than the mean breeding values of small holder bulls for birth weight (by 1.6 and 1.7 kg, respectively) and weaning weight (by 10.4 and 11.0 kg, respectively). The strategies that selected breeding animals on their maternal genetic values resulted in the highest responses for weaning weight.
It was concluded that maternal genetic values of Mashona cattle should be improved to allow this breed to compete favourably as a maternal breed in commercial agriculture.

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Nielsen, Per Peetz. "Behaviours related to milk intake in dairy calves : the effects of milk feeding and weaning methods /". Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200811.pdf.

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Correia, Maria Rasquilha Corado Ribeiro. "Efeito da utilização de um alimento diferenciado no primeiro terço de gestação na produtividade das porcas". Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7074.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Agro-pecuária - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The main aim of this work was to study the effect of a diet with 15% of crude protein in early gestation on sow’s productivity. The study included 40 sows divided into two treatments, control (13% of crude protein) and test, with three repetitions. There was obtained an average piglets born alive per litter of 12,4 in control treatment and 13,51 in test (P>0,05). Pre-weaning mortality was 1,43 piglets per sow in control treatment and 1,16 piglets per sow in test treatment (P>0,05). There was a significant interaction between treatment and repetition for these parameters (P<0,05). The number of piglets weaned per sow showed no differences (P>0,05) with 10,89 piglets weaned/sow in control treatment and e 11,67 in test. The average birth weight was 1,46 kg/piglet in control treatment and 1,36 kg/piglet in test treatment (P<0,05). At 24 hours post-farrowing the average weight was 1,59 kg/piglet for control treatment and 1,49 kg/piglet for test treatment (P<0,05). However there were no significant differences on piglet’s weight at weaning (P>0,05) with 7,29kg/piglet in control treatment and 7,12 kg/piglet in test. The results suggest that the use of a diet with 15% of crude protein in early gestation has no benefit in the sow’s productivity

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Nadarajah, Kanagasabai. "Evaluation of phenotypic and genetic trends in weaning weight in Angus and Hereford populations in Virginia". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74717.

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Total weaning weight records of 29,832 Angus and 15,765 Hereford calves born during 1953 through 1983 in Virginia were used to evaluate phenotypic and genetic trends for adjusted weaning weight (AWWT), weaning weight ratio (WWR) and deviation of AWWT from the mean AWWT of the contemporaries (DEVN). Two approaches, namely the regression techniques and maximum likelihood (ML) procedure were taken to estimate the above trends. The estimates of annual phenotypic trend for AWWT in the Angus and Hereford breeds were .96 and .82 kg/yr, respectively. The sire and dam genetic trends obtained from both approaches for the traits of interest were positive and significant; however, the estimates from the regression analyses were slightly higher than those- from the ML procedure. The estimates of one-half of the sire genetic trends obtained from ML procedure for WWR and DEVN were .40 ± .04 ratio units/yr and .72 ± .07 kg/yr in the Angus breed and the corresponding values for the Hereford breed were .25 ± .06 ratio units/yr and .45 ± .12 kg/yr. The estimates of one-half of the darn trends for the corresponding traits were .32 ± .02 ratio units/yr and .55 ± .04 kg/yr for Angus and .21 ± .03 ratio units/yr and .30 ± .07 kg/yr for Herefords. The application of adjustment factors (to eliminate the bias due to non-random mating and culling levels) to estimates of sire genetic trends in the regression analyses produced estimates more similar to the estimates obtained from the ML procedure. The average annual genetic trends over the study period from the ML procedure for AWWT were 1.27 kg/yr for Angus and .75 kg/yr for Herefords.
Ph. D.

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Melka, Hailu Dadi. "Genetic parameter estimates for weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle population". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52285.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters as well as to evaluate the influence of some genetic factors on preweaning growth traits in a multi breed beef cattle population. These preweaning growth traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (ADG). Three aspects were addressed in this particular study; namely the Estimation of (co)variance components and genetic parameters, the effect of sire breeds and dam genotypes and the contribution of Charolais and Angus breeding levels on weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle herd. Variance components and resulting genetic parameters of BW, WW and ADG in the population were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. Four different unitrait and multitrait animal models were fitted ranging from a simple model with the animal direct effects as the only random effect to the model allowing for both genetic and permanent maternal environmental effects. The model that included directgenetic and permanent maternal environmental effects generally best described the data analysed. The simple model ignoring maternal effects most likely inflated direct heritability estimates. Direct heritability estimates were 0.11, 0.19, and 0.15 for BW, WW and ADG, respectively, fitting a multitrait model that comprised of both the genetic and maternal environmental effects. Under this comprehensive model, maternal heritabilties were low under both analyses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.10. Permanent maternal environmental effects were more important than maternal additive genetic effects for WW and ADG. Direct and maternal genetic correlations range from 0.42 to 0.44 for BW, -0.22 to -0.25 for WW and -0.17 to -0.23 for ADG, while the corresponding estimates ofunitrait analysis varied from 0.58 to 0.61 for BW, -0.43 to-0.53 for WW and -0.49 to -0.79 for ADG. The effect of Charolais and Hereford sires and dam breed genotypes on BW and WW in calves of Hereford, F I, two and three breed rotational as well as terminal crosses among the Charolais, Hereford, Angus and Bonsmara breeds were investigated. BW and WW of the Charolais sired calves were significantly (PAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om genetiese parameters in 'n meerras vleisbeeskudde te beraam, sowel as om die invloed van sekere genetiese faktore te evalueer. Die voorspeense groei-eienskappe het geboortegewig (BW), speengewig (WW) en gemiddelde daaglikse toename (ADG) ingesluit. Drie aspekte is in dié betrokke studie ondersoek, naamlik; die beraming van (ko )variansiekomponente en genetiese parameters, die invloed van ras van vader en moedergenotipe en die invloed van Charolais en Angus bydrae op speeneienskappe in 'n meerras vleisbeeskudde. Variansiekomponente en afgeleide genetiese parameters vir BW, WW en ADG in die kudde is met behulp van die Beperkte Maksimum Waarskynlikheidsprosedure (REML) beraam. Vier verskillende enkel- en meereienskapmodelle is gepas, wat vanaf 'n eenvoudige model wat slegs die direkte effek as enigste toevallige effek, tot dié model waarin beide die genetiese en permanente mateme omgewingseffekte ingesluit is. Die model wat beide die direkte en permanente mateme effekte ingesluit het, het die data die beste gepas. Die eenvoudige model, wat die mateme effekte nie insluit nie, het in alle waarskynlikheid die direkte oorerflikhede oorberaam. Die direkte oorerflikheidsberamingsas onderskeidlik 0.11, 0.19 en 0.15 vir BW, WW en ADG met dié meereienskapmodel wat beide genetiese en mateme effekte ingesluit het. Met die omvattende model was die mateme oorerflikhede laag en het van 0.02 tot 0.10 gewissel. Die permanente mateme omgewingseffekte was belangriker as die direkte mateme effekte vir WW en ADG. Die genetiese korrelasies tussen direkte en mateme effekte het vir BW tussen 0.42 en 0.44, vir WW tussen -0.22 en -0.25 en vir ADG tussen -0.49 en -0.79 gewissel. Die invloed van Charolais en Hereford bulle en moederrasgenotipes op BW en WW van Hereford, F 1, twee- en drieras rotasie sowel as terminale kruisings tussen die Charolais, Hereford, Angus en Bonsmara is ondersoek. BW en WW van kalwers van Charolais bulle was betekenisvol (P

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Dierking, Shannon L. "An appraisal of the effect of nursing location on weaning weight of piglets and its dependence on the feeding of essential oils to sows". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/106.

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The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of piglet nursing location on weaning weight, and its dependence on essential oil supplementation on sow and piglet performances. Piglets that nursed anterior teat pairs had heavier weaning weights and higher gain for the lactation period. Additionally, piglet birthweight did not impact their overall teat selection and nursing location. These results provide some insight into the biological aspects of sow milk production, and implied that milk yield may vary between teat pairs along the udder line. Supplementation of essential oils (EO) during late gestation and lactation had no effect on sow fecal dry matter (DM), immunoglobulin content of colostrum and milk, but it did increase the lactose content in milk from sows supplemented with EO, with an increase from 5.84% to 5. 97% (P = 0.04). There was an increase in sow weight loss during lactation (P = 0.002), and there was a significant effect on piglet birthweight, with sows supplemented with EO producing heavier piglets at birth, 1.56 kg in EO sows, compared to 1.49 kg in the control (CON) sows (P = 0.03). Overall, piglet weaning weight is impacted by their selected nursing location along the udder line. Supplementation of EO may have limited effects on sow performance, such as fecal dry matter (DM) but may positively impact piglet birthweight. Furthermore, including EO into sow diets during late gestation and lactation can potentially impact the nutrient levels of sow milk.

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Luna, Isita Darwin Juan. "Effect of early weaning on piglet weight gain and fertility in sows (Sus scrofa) in Carmen Pampa of Nor Yungas - La Paz". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5388.

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This study was carried out in swine production facilities of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic Studies at the Rural Academic Unit of Carmen Pampa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weaning male and female piglets at different times on their weight gain and the fertility of the sows. Four three year old sows that had a total of 40 piglets (25 males and 15 females) were used. The piglets were distributed across the following treatments: T1 - weaning 9 piglets (5 males and 4 females) at 56 days, T2 - weaning 13 piglets (7 males and 6 females) at 46 days, T3 - weaning 7 piglets (5 males and 2 females) at 36 days, and T4 - weaning 11 piglets (8 males and 3 females) at 26 days. This was followed by three weekly weight management phases in both sexes: Beginning (1-56 days), Growth (1-112 days), and Finished (1-150 days). A completely randomized design with different numbers of repetitions was used to analyze the results. The ANOVA test for weight gain did not show significant differences between treatments (p>0.05) in the beginning, growth, and finished stages for male piglets. The ANOVA test for weight gain in females during the initial phase showed significant differences (p<0.05). The Duncan test showed that T3 (12.50 kg) and T1 (10.80 kg) as well as T1 (10.80 kg) and T2 (9.41 kg) are equal. In addition, T2 (9.41 kg) and T4 (7.20 kg) are similar. In the growth phase there were no significant differences (p>0.05). In the fattening phase there were significant differences (p>0.05). The Duncan test showed that T3 (60.50 kg), T2 (56.42 kg), and T1 (54.75 kg) are equal and that T1 (54.75 kg) and T4 (43.33 kg) were similar at the end of the trial. The comparison of males and females was done via the student t test and indicated that there was no significant difference between males and females. The sow in T3 (44 days) recorded the best postpartum fertility. In general, treatment T3 (weaned at 36 days) showed the best results for both weight and fertility.

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Mashiloane, Majela Lesley. "Effect of selection at weaning on genetic parameters of weight gain for centralized and on farm test for beef bulls". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/788.

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Thesis (M.Sc.) (Agriculture) --University of Limpopo, 2007
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of pre-weaning selection on estimates of genetic parameters for post-weaning average daily gain in Phases C (ADG-C) and D (ADG-D) and to estimate genetic relationships between average daily gain in the two phases. Performance records of the South African Angus cattle breed was used in the analysis. (Co)variance components and genetic parameters for weaning (WWT), AGD-C and ADG-D were estimated by REML procedures fitting three different models (Models 1, 2 and 3) that differed in how they integrated sequential selection in the analysis of post-weaning traits. Model 1 was a univariate model of WWT, ADG-C and ADG-D. Model 2 was a two trait model of WWT and either ADG-C or ADG-D. Model 3 was a three trait model of WWT, ADG-C and ADG-D. Estimates of heritability for ADG-C were 0.39±0.08, 0.42±0.06 and 0.44±0.01 from Model 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Corresponding estimates of heritability for ADG-D were 0.18±0.021, 0.19±0.021 and 0.21±0.02 respectively. An estimate of genetic correlation between ADG-C and ADG-D was 0.58± and it suggested that the two traits may not necessarily be under the same genetic control. Rank correlations for all bulls based on ADG-C estimated breeding values (EBV’s) were 0.92, 0.83 and 0.94 for Model 1 vs. Model 2, Model 1 vs. Model 3 and Model 2 vs. Model 3 respectively. Corresponding ADG-D EBV’s rank correlations were 0.88, 0.84 and 0.93. Rank correlations for top and bottom 1%, 5% and 10% were lower than those for all bulls in both ADG-C and ADG-D. Low rank correlations showed that the difference in magnitude of genetic parameters from different models was enough to alter bull rankings based on EBV’s of ADG-C and ADG-D. Hence it was concluded that inclusion of pre-weaning information in genetic analysis for post-weaning average daily gain is necessary to account for selection at weaning.
the THRIP (Technology and Human Resource for Industry Project) and NRF (National Research Foundation).

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Furtado, Cristiane da Silva Duarte. "Influência do peso ao nascimento e lesões no desempenho de leitões lactantes". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12443.

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O peso dos leitões ao desmame está positivamente relacionado com o desempenho posterior e sofre influência de diversos fatores relacionados ao ambiente, à matriz e aos próprios leitões. O peso ao nascimento, a presença de lesões orais, dentárias, umbilicais e no aparelho locomotor podem comprometer o ganho de peso dos leitões na maternidade. Foram acompanhados 2004 lactentes, os quais foram pesados e avaliados para a presença de lesões no primeiro dia e aos 7, 14 e 21 (desmame) dias de vida. Leitões nascidos com peso entre 600g e 900g tiveram mortalidade até o desmame superior àqueles pesando entre 901g e 1200g (P<0,05). Entre os leitões nascidos com peso acima de 1500g não houve diferença na mortalidade (P>0,05). O peso ao nascimento apresentou correlação positiva com o peso ao desmame (P<0,05). A ocorrência de lesões orais, umbilicais ou dentárias não comprometeu o desempenho. Por outro lado, a presença de lesões no aparelho locomotor afetou negativamente o peso ao desmame (P<0,05). Leitões com lesões no aparelho locomotor na segunda semana de vida apresentaram peso inferior àqueles com lesões na primeira semana (P<0,05). Leitões leves (≥600g - <1300g) com lesões no aparelho locomotor não sofreram redução do peso ao desmame (P>0,05), enquanto os leitões médios (≥1300g - <1800g) e pesados (≥1800g) com lesões tiveram peso inferior ao daqueles sem lesões (P<0,05). O peso ao nascimento e a ocorrência de lesões no aparelho locomotor podem comprometer a performance dos leitões lactentes.
Weaning weight of piglets is positively related with performance in later ages and is influenced by several factors connected with environment, the sow and the piglets. The birth weight, presence of oral, dental, umbilical or limb lesions can compromise the performance of suckling piglet. A total of 2004 suckled piglets were weighted and evaluated for the presence of lesions in the first day of life and on 7, 14 and 21 days. Pigs with birth weight between 600g and 900g presented preweaning mortality higher than those with weights between 901g and 1200g (P<0.05). Among piglets with birth weight above 1500g, there was no difference in mortality (P>0.05). Birth weight presented a positive correlation with weaning weight (P<0.05). Occurrence of oral, umbilical or dental lesions did not compromise performance. On the other hand, the presence of limb lesions affected negatively the weaning weight (P<0.05). Piglets with limb lesions in the second week of life presented smaller weight when compared with those with lesions only in the first week of life (P<0.05). Lighter piglets (≥600g - <1300g) with limb lesions did not show reduction in weaning weight (P>0.05), while those with intermediate weight (≥1300g - <1800g) and heavier (≥1800g) with lesions had smaller weight when compared to those without lesions (P<0.05). It is concluded that birth weight and the occurrence of limb lesions can compromise the performance of suckling piglets.

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Książki na temat "Weaning weight"

Kavanagh, Siobhan. Manipulation of pig weaning weight and the effect of weaning weight on postweaning performance of pigs. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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Golam, Mostafa Md, i Programme for Research on Poverty Alleviation., red. Impact of intervention with grameen weaning food on the weight gain among infants aged five months in the urban slums of Bangladesh. [Dhaka]: Programme for Research on Poverty Alleviation, Grameen Trust, 1996.

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Rojkittikhun, Titima. Clinical and endocrinological studies in lactating and post-weaning primiparous sows: Effects of weight loss during lactation and of changes in management at weaning. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1992.

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng i Anne Bardsley. Guidelines for breastfeeding and weaning. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0038.

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Breastfeeding provides almost all of the nutrient requirements for the growing infant to the age of 6 months. Complementary foods rich in iron should be introduced by 6 months, but continued breastfeeding past this point is still beneficial to the infant. It is also beneficial for the mother, reducing postpartum weight retention and lowering the risk of breast and other gynaecological cancers. Breastfeeding women have increased energy requirements to meet the energy costs of milk production. Some specific nutrient requirements also increase during lactation. Excess alcohol consumption, smoking, illicit drugs, and acute exposures to known toxic substances should be avoided. Some prescription and over-the-counter drugs are suitable for use during lactation, including some pain medications, anti-infectives, anti-hypertensives, and drugs to treat postpartum depression. These should be taken under the advice of a physician.

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Części książek na temat "Weaning weight"

Pryke, Rachel, Joe Harvey i Annabel Karmel. "Milk, weaning and promoting healthy foods". W Weight Matters for Children, 39–48. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21697-6.

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Toukourou, Youssouf, i Abdoulaye Moubarack. "Use of Soy Milk in Lamb Feeding". W Milk Substitutes - Selected Aspects. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94029.

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Soy milk was administered to Djallonké Lambs in pre weaning. Three groups of 20 animals, all from a traditional farming, were performed. Group 1 (control) was deprived of soy milk. In the 2nd and 3rd group lambs received 50 and 100 ml soy milk respectively per head. Food supplementation with soy milk began a week after the lambs’ birth. Soy milk was administered daily at the same time in one meal using a suckling bottle before leaving to the pasture. The results showed a significant delay of growth of the control group compared to the other groups. At the end of the 2nd week, the body weight difference was in average 0.32and 0.42 kg respectively for the control and the two other groups. At the end of the 12th week this difference became 2.55 and 3.22 kg respectively for the control and the two other groups. No significant differences were observed between the live weights’ mean in the 2nd and 3rd group.

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Firth, John D. "Idiopathic oedema of women". W Oxford Textbook of Medicine, redaktor Jeremy Dwight, 3823–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0383.

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Idiopathic oedema is an unsatisfactory label that is applied to women who complain of swelling, typically variable, with diagnosis requiring exclusion of known causes of oedema and (most authors would agree) demonstration of weight gain, from morning to evening, of more than 1.4 kg. The cause of idiopathic oedema is (by definition) unknown: hypotheses include abnormal capillary permeability/leakage, re-feeding oedema, and diuretic-induced oedema. There is no clear relationship to the menstrual cycle. Even if not a primary cause, the use and abuse of diuretics can complicate and exacerbate the problem. Management is difficult, but patients can be helped by a sympathetic approach from the physician and (1) encouragement to lose weight if they are obese; (2) avoidance of excess dietary salt; and (3) weaning from consumption of high doses of diuretics that can cause or exacerbate the tiredness, lethargy, weakness, and dizziness that are suffered by many.

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Shen, Liang. "Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation". W Cardiothoracic Critical Care, 129–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.003.0012.

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This chapter focuses on postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), which is very common after cardiothoracic surgery. Prevention of POAF involves continuation of preoperative beta-blockers, initiation of postoperative beta-blockers, and consideration of initiation of preoperative amiodarone in high-risk groups. In all patients, initial management of POAF includes correcting hypoxia and electrolyte abnormalities and consideration of weaning stimulating agents such as inotrope infusions. Medical management of hemodynamically stable patients includes the use of rate control agents such as beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and digoxin or rhythm control agents such as amiodarone. When the patient is hemodynamically unstable, emergent synchronized cardioversion should be performed. Meanwhile, in refractory cases of rapid POAF, an aggressive rate control strategy may be pursued using one or more medications, but this approach must be weighed against the risk of requiring temporary or permanent pacing. Atrial flutter also occurs after cardiothoracic surgery, though at lower rates than POAF. It may be managed similarly to POAF, but it is typically more amenable to electrical cardioversion.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Weaning weight"

Zeljic, Krstina, Dragan Stanojevic, Vladan Bogdanovic, Nikolija Gligovic i Stefan Stepic. "UTICAJ GODINE, POLA I TIPA ROĐENJA NA TELESNU MASU I PORAST JAGNJADI BERGAMO RASE OVACA". W SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.199z.

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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of age, sex and type of birth on the traits of growth in bergamasca lambs. The research was conducted on a sample which included 141 lambs (68 male, 73 female lambs), born from 2014 to 2015, raised on one agricultural farm in Vojvodina. The average body weight of lambs at birth was 3.67 kg, with 30 days of age 10.60 kg, and weaning weight 30.77 kg. The effect of fixed factors was studied within the frame of SAS software package. A statistically highly significant (**=P<0.01) effect on studied traits: average lamb birth weight (BW0), average lamb body weight at 30 days (BW30) and weaning weight, had all the examined factors.

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Andrian, Randika N., T. A. Nugroho, S. Dartosukarno i A. Purnomoadi. "Determination of Weaning Time of Dombos Lamb Based on Suckling and Eating Behavior and Body Weight Gain". W Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.261-264.

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Millard, Katherine, Matthew Hurley, Andrew Prayle, Sarah Spencer, Dushyant Batra i Jayesh M. Bhatt. "Weight-based oxygen flow rate is predictive of successful weaning of long-term oxygen therapy in babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia". W ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa1298.

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Gökdal, Özdal, Ali Kemali Özuğur, Vadullah Eren i Okan Atay. "The possibilities of using individual birth weights as weaning criteria in dairy goat farming". W II. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: ICANAS 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981716.

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Costa, L. B., C. Andrade, S. H. Weber, V. S. Miyada i C. M. Nyachoti. "Effects of the additives growth promoters on performance, diarrhea incidence and relative weight of organs of weanling pigs challenged with E.coli K88+". W Safe Pork 2015: Epidemiology and control of hazards in pork production chain. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-325.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Weaning weight"

Smith, A. L., T. V. Serenius, Kenneth J. Stalder, Tom J. Baas i John W. Mabry. Effect of Piglet Birth Weight and Weaning Weight on Nursery Off-Test Weight. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1072.

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Jones, Cassandra, John F. Patience, Nicholas K. Gabler i Rodger G. Main. Both Weaning Weight and Post-weaning Growth Performance Affect Nutrient Digestibility and Energy Utilization in Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-735.

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Jones, Cassandra, Nicholas Gabler, John F. Patience i Rodger G. Main. Irrespective of Differences in Weaning Weight, Feed Efficiency is Not Different among Pigs with Varying Average Daily Gain. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-750.

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Jones, Cassandra, i John F. Patience. Birth Weight and Post-weaning Failure to Thrive Affect Subsequent Growth Performance, but Not Nursery Nutrient Digestibility or Carcass Composition of Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-132.

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Weng, Ziqing, Hailin Su, Jungjae Lee i Dorian J. Garrick. Genome-wide Association Study of Birth and Weaning Weights in Brangus Beef Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1277.

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Su, Hailin, Rohan L. Fernando, Dorian J. Garrick i Bruce Golden. Accuracy of Genomic Predictions for Birth, Weaning and Yearling Weights in US Simmental Beef Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1279.

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Jones, Cassandra, John F. Patience i Nicholas K. Gabler. Post-weaning Failure to Thrive in Pigs is Associated with Increased Organ Weights and Possible Anemia, but not Changes in Intestinal Function. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-978.

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