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Ashley, Rhoda L., Marie Eagleton i Natasha Pfeiffer. "Ability of a Rapid Serology Test To Detect Seroconversion to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Glycoprotein G Soon after Infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, nr 5 (1999): 1632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1632-1633.1999.
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Sera (n = 188) from 29 patients with first-episode genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections were tested by POCkit-HSV-2 and Western blot (WB) to determine the speed of seroconversion. The median time to detection of HSV-2 antibody was 13 days (range, 3 to 102 days) by the POCkit-HSV-2 test versus 13 days (range, 2 to 58 days) for WB.
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Vendrame, Stefano, Panagiotis Tsakiroglou, Aleksandra S. Kristo, Dale A. Schuschke i Dorothy Klimis-Zacas. "Wild blueberry consumption attenuates local inflammation in the perivascular adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, nr 10 (październik 2016): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0160.
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Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to play important roles in regulating vascular tone and linking local and systemic vascular inflammation. We examined the impact of PVAT on phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction in the aorta of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their lean littermates (LZR) by comparing aortic rings with or without PVAT. Subsequently we placed OZR and LZR on a control (C) or an 8% wild blueberry (WB) diet and evaluated the effect of WB consumption on such response. PVAT-released adipokine concentrations were also measured as a function of WB diet. Maximal constrictor force (Fmax) in aortic rings without PVAT was significantly lower in OZR-C compared with LZR-C (0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.71 ± 0.06 g, respectively). Following WB diet, Fmax significantly increased in OZR (0.54 ± 0.06 g). In aortas with intact PVAT, Fmax was significantly lower in all groups (0.31 ± 0.06 OZR-C, 0.30 ± 0.05 OZR-WB, 0.29 ± 0.03 LZR-C, and 0.30 ± 0.04 g LZR-WB), but no difference was observed between treatments. PVAT concentrations of monocyte chemoactractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin were significantly higher in OZR compared with LZR (+102%, +108%, and +45%, respectively). Following WB diet, PVAT concentrations of interleukin-8 were significantly lower in both OZR (–37%) and LZR (–30%), while adiponectin concentrations significantly increased in both OZR (+11%) and LZR (+16%). MCP-1 concentrations significantly decreased (–31%) in the PVAT of OZR with the WB diet. WB consumption appears to attenuate local inflammation in PVAT, which may impact systemic vascular inflammation and endothelial function.
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Lal, RB, DL Rudolph, JE Coligan, SK Brodine i CR Roberts. "Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II". Blood 80, nr 2 (15.07.1992): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.2.544.544.
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Abstract Of the 267,650 blood donations from members of the US armed forces, 72 (0.027%) were serologically confirmed to be positive for human T- lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLVpos) and 379 (0.14%) were Western blot (WB)-indeterminate with banding pattern restricted to the proteins encoded by the gag gene only (HTLVind). To determine whether these apparently healthy HTLVind blood donors are infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, coded specimens from randomly selected military blood donors (n = 73) were tested for antibodies to HTLV by WB and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) using HTLV-I (MT-2) antigens, by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides representing the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV, and for sequences of proviral HTLV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 73 HTLVind donors, none showed presence of env reactivity by HTLV WB and RIPA. Minimal reactivity was observed with synthetic immunodominant motifs derived from the env protein of HTLV-I (Env-1(191–214) and Env-5(242–257)) or HTLV-II (Env-2(187–209) and Env-20(85–102)) and gag protein (Gag-1a(102– 117) and Gag-10(364–385)). A peptide corresponding to the endogenous retroviral sequence with structural homologies to the gag protein of HTLVs (RTVLgag) reacted with antibodies not only in HTLVpos (88%) and HTLVind (42% to 66%) specimens, but also reacted with normal control subjects (60%). Furthermore, none of the 73 HTLVind specimens demonstrated presence of the HTLV genome when amplified with primers for the pol and tax/rex region. Six to 23 months from the initial test, 27 subjects still gave indeterminate WB patterns, and 13 of these repeat specimens were still negative for the presence of HTLV genome. We conclude that individuals at low risk for HTLV infection who have HTLVind WB reactivity are rarely, if ever, infected with HTLV-I or HTLV- II.
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Lal, RB, DL Rudolph, JE Coligan, SK Brodine i CR Roberts. "Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II". Blood 80, nr 2 (15.07.1992): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.2.544.bloodjournal802544.
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Of the 267,650 blood donations from members of the US armed forces, 72 (0.027%) were serologically confirmed to be positive for human T- lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLVpos) and 379 (0.14%) were Western blot (WB)-indeterminate with banding pattern restricted to the proteins encoded by the gag gene only (HTLVind). To determine whether these apparently healthy HTLVind blood donors are infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, coded specimens from randomly selected military blood donors (n = 73) were tested for antibodies to HTLV by WB and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) using HTLV-I (MT-2) antigens, by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides representing the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV, and for sequences of proviral HTLV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 73 HTLVind donors, none showed presence of env reactivity by HTLV WB and RIPA. Minimal reactivity was observed with synthetic immunodominant motifs derived from the env protein of HTLV-I (Env-1(191–214) and Env-5(242–257)) or HTLV-II (Env-2(187–209) and Env-20(85–102)) and gag protein (Gag-1a(102– 117) and Gag-10(364–385)). A peptide corresponding to the endogenous retroviral sequence with structural homologies to the gag protein of HTLVs (RTVLgag) reacted with antibodies not only in HTLVpos (88%) and HTLVind (42% to 66%) specimens, but also reacted with normal control subjects (60%). Furthermore, none of the 73 HTLVind specimens demonstrated presence of the HTLV genome when amplified with primers for the pol and tax/rex region. Six to 23 months from the initial test, 27 subjects still gave indeterminate WB patterns, and 13 of these repeat specimens were still negative for the presence of HTLV genome. We conclude that individuals at low risk for HTLV infection who have HTLVind WB reactivity are rarely, if ever, infected with HTLV-I or HTLV- II.
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Perenha-Viana, M. C. Z., I. A. A. Gonzales, S. R. Brockelt, L. N. C. Machado i T. I. E. Svidzinski. "Serological Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis through a Western Blot Technique". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, nr 4 (1.02.2012): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05693-11.
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ABSTRACTParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a serious infectious disease that progresses toward death if untreated. Its confirmatory diagnosis is made by the detection of the fungusParacoccidioides brasiliensisin a direct mycological examination or by histopathology. However, these techniques are of low sensitivity. Serological tests seem to be more promising. The objective of this study was to test Western blot (WB) analysis using sera from patients suspected of PCM to determine whether it represents a safe and sensitive serological technique for a rapid and effective diagnosis for this disease. Sera from 517 patients were analyzed through WB analysis and double-immunodiffusion (DID) techniques using a crude exoantigen ofP. brasiliensis339. DID gave positive reactions for 140 sera (27%) and WB for 250 sera (48.4%). All sera that had a positive reaction by DID also had a positive result with a 43-kDa glycoprotein by WB analysis. Among the 377 samples that were negative by DID, 29.1% were reactive in WB analysis. For the cutoff dilution used (1:400), a positive reaction was not observed with any of the 102 sera from patients with other diseases in regions where such diseases are endemic and 30 healthy individuals tested as negative controls. These results prove WB analysis to be a sensitive technique and suggest its inclusion among routine laboratory assays as a safe method for PCM diagnosis.
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Zakharova, I. N., N. A. Geppe, N. G. Sugyan, A. R. Denisova i I. V. Berezhnaya. "Topical etiotropic drugs in therapy of infectious inflammatory diseases of pharynx in preschool children. Results of a multicenter randomized comparative clinical trial". Russian Otorhinolaryngology 20, nr 1 (2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-1-102-117.
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In accordance with modern clinical guidelines, systemic antibiotic therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat is recommended only when beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus is detected. In other cases, it is advisable to use topical drugs of etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic action. The combined preparation Grammidin® has a wide spectrum of etiotropic activity (antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal). Objective of the study: to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of Grammidin® for children (dosage form – metered spray) in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pharynx in preschool children. Materials and methods. An open comparative multicenter randomized study was carried out in two parallel groups with the participation of 160 patients aged 3–5 years with an infectious-inflammatory disease of the pharynx of nonstreptococcal etiology. The disease was established clinically by the presence of: a symptom of «sore throat» according to the Wong-Baker (WB) scale, as well as two or more local signs of acute inflammation of the oropharynx (hyperemia of the pharyngeal mucosa, edema of the pharyngeal mucosa, edema of the soft tissues of the posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, an increase in lymphoid granules of the posterior pharyngeal wall and lateral columns, swelling of the uvula) according to pharyngoscopy. The randomized patients received Grammidin® for children or Hexoral® for 7 days according to the instructions for medical use. Safety was assessed by the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and by monitoring vital signs (body temperature, blood pressure, respiration and heart rate) with monitoring of blood and urine tests. Efficacy was assessed by the decrease in mean disease severity (modified TSS) at visit 2 from baseline – the primary endpoint. Changes were used as secondary endpoints: the severity of the disease (TSS scale), the severity of the sore throat symptom (WB scale), the severity of each of the catarrhal symptoms initially identified according to pharyngoscopy data, the proportion of patients with no sore throat (WB scale), the proportion of patients with the absence of all catarrhal phenomena (pharyngoscopy) at visits 2 and 3. Results. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in mean disease severity on the TSS scale at Visit 2 from baseline in Group 1 was –1,80 (95% CI –1,98 – –1.61) points and –1,31 (95 % CI –1,50 – –1,12) points - in group 2 (p = 0.003). Secondary performance endpoints. According to the analysis of variance in Group 1, there was a statistically significant predominance of the therapeutic effect throughout the treatment in relation to the severity of the disease on the Total Symptoms Score (TSS) scale (p = 0,006), the severity of sore throat on the WB scale (p = 0,006), as well as the severity of individual signsof the disease: «Hyperemia of the pharyngeal mucosa» (p = 0,036) and «edema of the pharynx» (p = 0,037). The rates of relief of symptoms: «the severity of lymphoid granules of the posterior pharyngeal wall and lateral columns» and «uvula edema» were similar in both groups. The proportion of children with no sore throat at visit 2 was statistically significantly different: 46 and 29% for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p = 0,022). Safety assessment. In the course of the study, 1 child was registered in each group who developed 1 AE of mild severity, had a doubtful connection with the study drugs, did not require their cancellation and additional therapy, and spontaneously ended without consequences by visit 3. Conclusions. The combined drug Grammidin® for children in the form of a metered spray was well tolerated by children aged 3–5 years and according to a number of main criteria of efficacy (total severity of symptoms of the disease, sore throat, hyperemia and swelling of the pharyngeal mucosa) showed a pronounced and statistically significant advantage in speed and severity effect over a monocomponent preparation containing hexetidine in the form of an aerosol.
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Reshef, Ran, Rosemarie Mick, Pavel Vassilev, Jacqueline Smith, Elizabeth Hexner, Alison W. Loren, Noelle V. Frey i in. "Whole Blood Donor Chimerism At Day 30 After Reduced Intensity Conditioned Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation Predicts Disease Relapse, and Is Strongly Associated with Pretransplant Lymphodepletion". Blood 118, nr 21 (18.11.2011): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1939.1939.
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Abstract Abstract 1939 Background: RIC SCT relies heavily on graft-versus-tumor alloreactivity, and relapse remains a major barrier to a favorable outcome. Early prediction of relapse would allow early intervention such as donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI), but factors that predict relapse and methods for detection of minimal residual disease are often disease specific and not standardized. The level of donor-recipient chimerism has been associated with both graft rejection and relapse, but the optimal timing, desired level, and predictive value of chimerism testing in RIC SCT are unclear. Furthermore, the clinical utility of whole blood (WB) vs T-cell chimerism is not well defined, particularly after RIC SCT. Methods: We aimed to assess the predictive value of early WB and T-cell chimerism on the incidence of relapse in SCT pts receiving a uniform RIC regimen for hematologic malignancies. Between August 2006 and May 2011, 120 consecutive patients (pts) underwent allogeneic SCT following conditioning with fludarabine 120mg/m2 and busulfan i.v. 6.4 mg/kg. Pts were not treated with pre-emptive DLI, but could receive DLI for relapse. Hematopoietic chimerism was determined by DNA genotyping of short tandem repeats. Chimerism was determined on WB and then on enriched T-cells, obtained by selection using CD3-labeled magnetic beads. We conducted a cumulative incidence analysis of relapse, using day 30 as a landmark to determine the predictive properties of chimerism studies obtained at that time. Results: The 1-yr cumulative incidence of relapse in this cohort was 48.3 ± 4.7%, and the median time to relapse was 102 days (range 16–566 days), highlighting the importance of early monitoring. 68 pts were in remission and had evaluable chimerism data on day 30; importantly, the 1-year incidence of relapse was not different between pts who did and did not have day 30 chimerism measured (50.2 ± 6.5% vs. 42.9 ± 7.2%, P=0.45). Median follow up was 238 days (range 75–1420). Median age was 61 (range 21–76) and 56% were male. Underlying diseases were AML (24), MDS (13), NHL (10), myelofibrosis (6), CTCL (4), Hodgkin (3), myeloma (3), CLL (2), aplastic anemia (2), CML (1). Pts received a peripheral blood stem cell graft (67) or bone marrow (1), harvested from a matched related (30) or unrelated (38) donor. A single antigen mismatch was present in 6 cases. GVHD prophylaxis was tacrolimus (55) or cyclosporine (13) based. Median WB donor chimerism at day 30 was 96% (range 31–100%). A cumulative incidence analysis of relapse from day 30 revealed that day 30 WB chimerism had a significant association with relapse (HR 0.97, 95% CI [0.95–0.99], P=0.0011), reflecting a 3% decrease in risk of relapse for each 1% increase in chimerism. Risk of relapse according to different day 30 chimerism levels is displayed in figure 1. Using a day 30 chimerism cutoff of 95%, we found a significant association with incidence of relapse (HR 0.29, 95% CI [0.15–0.57), P=0.0003). Pts who were alive without relapse at the end of follow-up had a significantly higher chance of >= 95% day 30 WB chimerism compared to pts who relapsed (88.9% vs. 45.5%, P=0.002). In 38 pts with myeloid diseases, there was a significant association between day 30 WB chimerism and risk of relapse (HR 0.97, 95% CI [0.96–0.99], P=0.00065), while in 22 pts with lymphoid diseases, an association did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.93, 95% CI [0.84–1.00], P=0.09). Median T-cell chimerism was 70% in the 49 evaluable pts with these measurements (range 26–99%). T-cell chimerism on day 30 did not predict relapse (HR 1.0, 95% CI [0.98–1.02], P=0.95). We analyzed potential associations between day 30 WB chimerism and various transplant and patient characteristics. A higher chimerism level was significantly associated with lower day 0 lymphocyte count (P=0.004) and lower preconditioning lymphocyte count (P=0.01), but was not associated with recipient or donor age, cell doses, busulfan levels, disease type and donor type. The day 0 lymphocyte count was also a strong predictor of relapse (HR 6.87, 95% CI [6.56–7.04], P=0.00035). Conclusions: Whole blood and not T-cell chimerism at day 30 is predictive of relapse after RIC SCT. WB chimerism is strongly associated with lower lymphocyte counts before and after the conditioning regimen. These data highlight the importance of adequate lymphodepletion and can be useful in designing future trials testing pre-emptive interventions to prevent relapse after RIC SCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Uchida, S., i K. Tagami. "Iodine transfer from agricultural soils to edible part of crops". Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, nr 1 (1.09.2011): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0048.
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Abstract Information about the distribution and cycling of stable iodine (I) in the environment is useful for dose estimation from its long-lived radioiodisotpe, 129I, which is one of the most critical radionuclides to be managed for the safe disposal of nuclear fuel waste. The soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is an important parameter to predict internal radiation exposure pathways through the food chains using mathematical models. Therefore, we have measured stable I and bromine (Br) for comparison, in 142 crop samples and associated agricultural field soil samples collected throughout Japan. The crops were classified into eight groups, i.e. leafy vegetables, white part of leeks, fruit vegetables, tubers, root crops, legumes, wheat and barley (WB), and rice. The results showed that Br and I concentrations were higher in upland field soil samples than in paddy field soil samples. However, when we compared TF values of WB and brown rice, no statistical difference was observed. The highest geometric mean of TF for I, 1.4 × 102, was obtained for leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables and that for Br, 1.5, was for fruit vegetables. TF for I was much lower than Br, as reported previously, maybe due to their different chemcial forms in soil and uptake behaviors by plant roots.
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Bischof-Delaloye, Angelika, Cristian Antonescu i Anton Hagenbeek. "Dosimetric Analysis of 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®) Given as Consolidation of First Remission in Patients with Advanced-Stage Follicular Lymphoma in the International Phase 3 First-Line Indolent Trial (FIT)." Blood 110, nr 11 (16.11.2007): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3415.3415.
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Abstract Yttrium-90 (90Y)-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody immunoconjugate linked to the pure beta-emitting 90Y radioisotope, which is known to allow targeted delivery limiting normal tissue exposure. As part of the international, phase 3 randomized First-line Indolent Trial (FIT) evaluating the efficacy of Zevalin consolidation compared with observation alone in patients (pts) with advanced stage follicular lymphoma achieving a response to first-line therapy, we investigated the radiation exposure of pts in the Zevalin arm for whom dosimetry data were available. Among the 414 pts enrolled in the trial (age ≥18 yrs, normal peripheral blood cell counts, <25% bone marrow involvement with lymphoma), 70 had a diagnostic scan with 111In-ibritumomab tiuxetan. Dosimetry was not completed in 1 pt. In addition to local dosimetry, central dosimetry was performed by a single experienced nuclear medicine physician in 57 of the 69 pts, including 21 pts in one participating hospital (I) and 36 evaluated in a central facility (II). All pts were injected with 185 MBq 111In-ibritumomab tiuxetan after infusion of rituximab (250 mg/m2) on day -7. At least 3 simultaneous anterior and posterior whole body (WB) scans were performed 15–45 min, 3–6 hrs, 1, 3–4 and 6 days after injection. Blood samples were drawn at corresponding intervals. Using the region of interest (ROI) technique, WB and organ (lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys) radioactivity was estimated from the geometric mean of anterior and posterior ROI counts. Whole blood aliquots were counted, normalized and decay corrected. WB, organ and red marrow (RM) radiation absorbed doses were calculated using the decay constant for 90Y and the projected activity (14.8 MBq/kg) with the MIRDOSE3 software. Median dose in the 57 pts evaluated by central dosimetry was 102 cGy (range 28–327) to RM and 74 cGy (range 46–106) to WB. Radiation exposure was within the protocol-defined upper limits to normal organs (2000 cGy) in all pts and to RM (300 cGy) in all but 2 pts. In one pt, the RM dose was 85175 cGy by local dosimetry, but 94 cGy by central dosimetry; the pt was treated without complications. In the other pt, the RM dose was 327 cGy by central dosimetry, but 155 cGy by local. Average RM exposure was similar between pts with grade 3–4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia and those with grade 0–2. A larger percentage (45%) of the 40 pts with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia had above-average RM radiation dose compared with 18% of the 17 pts with grade 0–2, whereas, the percentage of pts with above-average WB radiation dose was comparable in both groups (42% and 41%, respectively). Overall, neither WB nor RM radiation dose was correlated with hematologic toxicity (Spearman correlation). These findings are consistent with published data (Wiseman et al J Nucl Med2003;44:465–474), and suggest that Zevalin is safely administered in pts with low tumor burden. Our study confirms that radiation exposure with Zevalin treatment is within safe limits to normal organs and that hematologic toxicity does not correlate with RM radiation dose estimates.
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WELSBY, P. "Occupational hazards to hospital personnelPatterson WB, Craven DE, Schwartz DA, Nardell EA, Kasmer J, Noble J. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102, 658–680". Journal of Infection 11, nr 3 (listopad 1985): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(85)93954-4.
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Hohaus, Stefan, Maria Chiara Tisi, Elisa Cupelli, Manuela Giachelia, Valentina Bozzoli, Elena Maiolo, Rosaria Santangelo i in. "EBV-DNA In Peripheral Blood Of Patients With Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Associations With Patient Characteristics and Outcome". Blood 122, nr 21 (15.11.2013): 4243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4243.4243.
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Abstract Infection of EBV has been linked to the etiology of a number of lymphoproliferative diseases, and EBV+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly has been more recently described as a distinct entity. The viral load of EBV-DNA in plasma can be an indicator for EBV-association in some lymphoma types, as NK/T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, and a marker for disease activity associated with negative prognosis. Here, we studied whether EBV-DNA in whole blood (WB), mononuclear cell fraction (MNC) and plasma of patients with DLBCL at diagnosis could be an indicator for EBV-association and a prognostic marker in patients treated with immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP). We analysed 247 patients with DLBCL (median age 64 years, range 15-92 years; 118 females, 129 males), diagnosed between 2006 and 2013. All patients were HIV-negative. EBV was detected using a commercial real-time PCR kit (BioQuant EBV, Biodiversity, Brescia, Italy) in peripheral blood (PB) compartments (WB n=240, plasma n=55, and MNC n=52). Lymph node samples from 61 DLBCL patients were analyzed for EBV infection through in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER). EBV was detected in 58 of 240 WB samples (24%). The copy number varied between 2 x 102 and 4.9 x 106 copies/ml. The presence and copy number of EBV in WB and MNC were correlated (p<0.01, respectively), while there was no correlation to the detection of EBV in plasma. We did not find any association between the presence or viral load of EBV-DNA in any blood compartment and the presence of EBV in the lymphoma cells of 61 patients studied with EBER–ISH (11 patients EBER positive). Elderly patients (>60 years of age) had more often EBV in peripheral blood (30% vs 17%), and the viral load was higher in patients aged > 60 years (p<0.01). The presence of EBV-DNA in PB was also strongly associated with a positive serology for Hepatitis C virus (HCV): 20/221 patients (8.8%) were HCV+, and 11/20 patients (55%) harbored EBV-DNA in PB, while in the HCV- patients the frequency of EBV-positivity in PB was 21% (42/201) (p=0.002). As a positive serology for HCV is associated with age > 60 years (p=0.02), we performed a logistic regression analysis including age and HCV serology as parameters determining the EBV viral load in PB. In this analysis, HCV serology, but not age remained a significant factor for EBV viral load (p=0.004). Presence and viral load of EBV in PB was not related to other characteristics as gender, stage, performance status, LDH level, and IPI. In an univariate analysis including 201 patients treated with R-CHOP, the presence of EBV-DNA in WB was associated with a significantly shorter event-free survival (EFS): 67% (50%-79%, 95% C.I.) versus 80% at 2 years (p<0.04). Correcting for IPI and HCV serology in a multivariate Cox analysis, the presence of EBV-DNA in PB retained its prognostic significance (HR 1.9; 95% C.I., 1.07-3.43; p<0.03). Our findings suggest that EBV can be frequently detected in peripheral blood at DLBCL diagnosis, that is not a surrogate marker for EBV-status in DLBCL, but associates with a worse outcome. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of expansion of EBV-positive cells in patients with DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, Zhiqi, Meilin Chen, Zhaoyi Wang, Qiqi Fan, Zili Lin, Xiaoyu Tao, Jiarui Wu, Zhenquan Liu, Ruichao Lin i Chongjun Zhao. "Berberine inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and adhesion by regulating RAS/MAPK/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis". Bone & Joint Research 12, nr 2 (1.02.2023): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0269.r1.
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Aims Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic immune disease. Berberine, as its main active ingredient, was also contained in a variety of medicinal plants such as Berberaceae, Buttercup, and Rutaceae, which are widely used in digestive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The aims of this article were to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (RA-FLS) cells. The effect of berberine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other factors was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Transcriptome technology was used to screen related pathways and the potential targets after berberine treatment, which were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) technology. Results Berberine inhibited proliferation and adhesion of RA-FLS cells, and significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, RANKL, and TNF-α. Transcriptional results suggested that berberine intervention mainly regulated forkhead box O (FOXO) signal pathway, prolactin signal pathway, neurotrophic factor signal pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signal pathway. Conclusion The effect of berberine on RA was related to the regulation of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in RA-FLS cells. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):91–102.
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Scott, Erik A., Kathleen E. Puca, Bradley C. Pietz, Brian K. DuChateau i Kenneth Dale Friedman. "Analysis of ADAMTS13 Activity in Plasma Products Using a Modified FRETS-VWF73 Assay." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.554.554.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Many cases of idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are characterized by very low levels of the metalloprotease ADAMTS13, presumably resulting in dysregulation of platelet/vWF interactions and microvascular thrombosis. Treatment for TTP begins with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), allowing replacement of ADAMTS13 and removal of autoantibody, when present. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and plasma cryoprecipitate reduced (also known as cryoprecipitate poor plasma [CPP]) have been used as replacement fluids. While current AABB standards allow thawed FFP and CPP components to be stored at 1–6°C for up to 5 days before use, the amount of ADAMTS13 activity in these products has not previously been measured nor has its stability been evaluated over the 5 days. Given the labor-intensive nature of our standard collagen-binding assay for ADAMTS13 activity, we chose to analyze ADAMTS13 activity in FFP and CPP components using a modified FRETS-VWF73 assay recently developed in our laboratory. Preliminary data indicate that the two assays correlate well. METHODS: Ten whole blood (WB) units (5 group O and 5 group A) were centrifuged within 8 hours of collection. Prior to freezing of the FFP, an aliquot of plasma was obtained from each component. The aliquots and FFP components were frozen at <-18°C. Following AABB guidelines, each FFP unit was processed into cryoprecipitated AHF and CPP components. The FFP aliquots and their related CPP components were stored frozen at <-18°C for 46 days and then thawed per AABB standards. Once thawed, aliquots and components were placed in a 1–6°C monitored refrigerator for 30 minutes. Each FFP aliquot (approximately 6 ml) was divided in half; one tube (day 0) was frozen at <-70°C, while the other was stored at 1–6°C until expiration of the product (day 5) and then frozen at <-70°C. Samples were sterilely collected from each CPP unit (mean volume 235 ml) 30 minutes after thaw (day 0), and then every 24 hours until expiration (days 1–5). Immediately after sampling, all CPP samples were stored at <-70°C until assayed. Day 0 and Day 5 FFP and CPP samples derived from the same WB units were analyzed for ADAMTS13 activity using a modified VWF73 FRET-labeled peptide assay (Kokame, 2005). RESULTS: Using the 2-sample t-test assuming equal variances, no statistical difference in ADAMTS13 activity was observed between the FFP and CPP products, nor was there a statistical difference observed between day 0 and day 5 samples (Table). Mean levels of ADAMTS13 activity were statistically similar to 20 normal donor (Precision BioLogic) samples (127 ±27 v. 125 ±24, p=NS). However, the mean activity level in group O units was statistically higher when compared to group A units (149 ±13 v. 104 ±16, p <0.00001). ADAMTS13 Activity* Plasma Type (n) Day 0 Day 5 p *Mean ± SD Total FFP (10) 127 ± 24 122 ± 28 NS FFP A (5) 106 ± 12 108 ± 23 NS FFP O (5) 148 ± 14 144 ± 22 NS Total CPP (5) 126 ± 29 123 ± 25 NS CPP A (5) 102 ± 19 102 ± 16 NS CPP O (5) 151 ± 12 145 ± 11 NS CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that both FFP and CPP products have similar ADAMTS13 activity, suggesting that both products should be equally effective in restoring ADAMTS13 activity in TTP patients. The data also indicate that ADAMTS13 is stable at 1–6°C, showing consistent efficacy of thawed FFP and CPP products for ADAMTS13 replacement throughout the refrigerated shelf life of the thawed product. These results reinforce previously reported data that there is a difference in ADAMTS13 activity between blood group O and A individuals.
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Rabin, Alon, Zvi Kozol, Elad Spitzer i Aharon S. Finestone. "Weight-Bearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion—Can Side-to-Side Symmetry Be Assumed?" Journal of Athletic Training 50, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.40.
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Context: In clinical practice, the range of motion (ROM) of the noninvolved side often serves as the reference for comparison with the injured side. Previous investigations of non–weight-bearing (NWB) ankle dorsiflexion (DF) ROM measurements have indicated bilateral symmetry for the most part. Less is known about ankle DF measured under weight-bearing (WB) conditions. Because WB and NWB ankle DF are not strongly correlated, there is a need to determine whether WB ankle DF is also symmetrical in a healthy population. Objective: To determine whether WB ankle DF is bilaterally symmetrical. A secondary goal was to further explore the correlation between WB and NWB ankle DF ROM. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Training facility of the Israeli Defense Forces. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 64 healthy males (age = 19.6 ± 1.0 years, height = 175.0 ± 6.4 cm, and body mass = 71.4 ± 7.7 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s): Dorsiflexion ROM in WB was measured with an inclinometer and DF ROM in NWB was measured with a universal goniometer. All measurements were taken bilaterally by a single examiner. Results: Weight-bearing ankle DF was greater on the nondominant side compared with the dominant side (P < .001). Non–weight-bearing ankle DF was not different between sides (P = .64). The correlation between WB and NWB DF was moderate, with the NWB DF measurement accounting for 30% to 37% of the variance of the WB measurement. Conclusions: Weight-bearing ankle DF ROM should not be assumed to be bilaterally symmetrical. These findings suggest that side-to-side differences in WB DF may need to be interpreted while considering which side is dominant. The difference in bilateral symmetry between the WB and NWB measurements, as well as the only moderate level of correlation between them, suggests that both measurements should be performed routinely.
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Furtado, Leopoldo Mandic, José Aloysio Da Costa Val Filho, Rayane Toledo Simas, François Dantas, Julia Braga Holliday, Júlia Da Silva Costa i Aieska Kellen Dantas dos Santos. "Wormian bones and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: A comparative study using computed tomography". Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery 4, nr 2(May-August) (9.05.2022): e1082022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46900/apn.v4i2(may-august).108.
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Introduction: Wormian bones (WB) are accessory bones positioned within the sutures or fontanelles. Although several studies have associated them with genetic disorders, ethnicity, and skull deformations, their relationship with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (CS) has not been established, especially among Brazilians. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the incidence and association of WB with nonsyndromic CS in Brazilian children.
Methods: An observational and retrospective study was conducted using computed tomography with 3D reconstruction in Brazilian children aged <3 years to compare the incidence and number of WB between regular children (group 1) and those with nonsyndromic CS (group 2).
Results: A total of 140 children, comprising 62.9% boys (p < 0.001) with a mean age of 8.78 months, were included in this study. The most common types of CS were trigonocephaly (34; 48.6%), scaphocephaly (25; 35.7%), anterior plagiocephaly (5; 7.1%), posterior plagiocephaly (3; 4.2%), and brachycephaly (3; 4.2%). WB were more common in regular children (41; 58.6%) than in children with CS (28; 40.0%) (p = 0.028). Regular children had an average of 2.12 WB versus 1.32 WB in children with nonsyndromic CS (p = 0.024).
Conclusion: The significantly less incidence of WB in Brazilian children with nonsyndromic CS was quite different from that reported in other studies and could indicate the tendency of this disease to have disturbance in ossification of the cranial vault, the impact of ethnicity, and probably the lack of additional compensatory skull growth.
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Latifoltojar, Arash, Mark K. J. Duncan, Maria Klusmann, Harbir Sidhu, Alan Bainbridge, Deena Neriman, Francesco Fraioli, Jonathan Lambert, Kirit M. Ardeshna i Shonit Punwani. "Whole Body 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lymphomas: Comparison of Different Sequence Combinations for Staging Hodgkin’s and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas". Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, nr 4 (16.12.2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040284.
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To investigate the diagnostic value of different whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) protocols for staging Hodgkin and diffuse-large B-cell lymphomas (HL and DLBCL), twenty-two patients (M/F 12/10, median age 32, range 22–87, HL/DLBCL 14/8) underwent baseline WB-MRI and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) fused with computed tomography (CT) scan 18F-FDG-PET-CT. The 3.0 T WB-MRI was performed using pre-contrast modified Dixon (mDixon), T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI), dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) liver/spleen, contrast-enhanced (CE) lung MRI and CE whole-body mDixon. WB-MRI scans were divided into: (1) “WB-MRI DWI+IP”: whole-body DWI + in-phase mDixon (2) “WB-MRI T2-TSE”: whole-body T2-TSE (3) “WB-MRI Post-C”: whole-body CE mDixon + DCE liver/spleen and CE lung mDixon (4) “WB-MRI All “: the entire protocol. Two radiologists evaluated WB-MRIs at random, independently and then in consensus. Two nuclear-medicine-physicians reviewed 18F-FDG PET-CT in consensus. An enhanced-reference-standard (ERS) was derived using all available baseline and follow-up imaging. The sensitivity and specificity of WB-MRI protocols for nodal and extra-nodal staging was derived against the ERS. Agreement between the WB-MRI protocols and the ERS for overall staging was assessed using kappa statistic. For consensus WB-MRI, the sensitivity and specificity for nodal staging were 75%, 98% for WB-MRI DWI+IP, 76%, 98% for WB-MRI Post-C, 83%, 99% for WB-MRI T2-TSE and 87%, 100% for WB-MRI All. The sensitivity and specificity for extra-nodal staging were 67% 100% for WB-MRI DWI+IP, 89%, 100% for WB-MRI Post-C, 89%, 100% for WB-MRI T2-TSE and 100%, 100% for the WB-MRI All. The consensus WB-MRI All read had perfect agreement with the ERS for overall staging [kappa = 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00)]. The best diagnostic performance is achieved combining all available WB-MRI sequences.
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Mellgard, George, Molly Gilligan, Edward R. Scheffer Cliff, Divaya Bhutani, Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Andrew Eisenberger, Suzanne Lentzsch i Rajshekhar Chakraborty. "Risk Stratification Models Overestimate Progression Risk in Contemporary Patients with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM)". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28.11.2023): 4768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174908.
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Introduction: SMM is an asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma (MM), affecting ~1 in 200 people aged >40 years. Historically, risk of progression from SMM to MM was 10% per year in the first 5 years. However, since then, the definition and characteristics of the SMM patient population have changed substantially. First, IMWG diagnostic criteria for MM in 2014 changed to include biomarker-only myeloma (SLiM), reclassifying asymptomatic patients previously considered SMM. Second, incorporation of advanced imaging (CT, PET/CT, MRI) identified bone disease with greater sensitivity. Hence, we hypothesized that in the contemporary era, the risk of progression from SMM to MM would be markedly lower than historically. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with SMM at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2014-2022 and observed without therapeutic intervention. Our primary objective was to measure cumulative incidence of progression to MM and to characterize progression events. We also calculated predicted 2-year risk of progression by different risk-stratification models (Mayo 20/2/20, PANGEA, IMWG SMM model) in our cohort. Results: 102 consecutive patients with SMM were included. Median year of diagnosis was 2019 (range, 2014-2022). Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the cohort are shown in Table 1. The three most common scenarios that led to SMM diagnosis were workup of anemia/cytopenias(s) (n=22; 21.8%), incidental protein gap or elevated immunoglobulin level (n=20; 19.8%), and renal dysfunction (n=16; 15.8%). The racial/ethnic makeup of our study cohort was 38% Hispanic/Latino, 38% Non-Hispanic White, 19% Black/African-American, and 5% Asian. Bone disease was ruled out by advanced imaging (whole body CT, PET/CT, WB-MRI, and/or MRI spine+ pelvis) in 81.2% of patients. The most common abnormality on FISH was hyperdiploidy (39.2%), followed by t(11;14) (22.1%), with ≥1 high-risk cytogenetic abnormality (HRCA) in 35% of patients. Median follow-up was 45 months (95% CI, 34-52). 22/102 patients (21.6%) progressed to symptomatic plasma cell dyscrasia: CRAB myeloma in 18, SLiM myeloma in 1, systemic AL amyloidosis in 3 patients. The cumulative incidence of progression to MM (CRAB/SLiM) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years from SMM diagnosis was 3.1% (95% CI, 0.99-9.1), 7.7% (95% CI, 3.7-15.3), 13.9% (95% CI, 8.1-23.1), and 17.1% (95% CI, 10.3-27.1) respectively [Figure 1]. Notably, presence of HRCA by FISH had a dose-dependent increase in risk of progression, with the 2-year risk being 75% (95% CI, 24-97%) in patients with ≥2 HRCA vs 13.0% (95% CI, 5.9-26.3) in those with 0-1 HRCA respectively ( p=0.0049). Among 18 patients who progressed to CRAB myeloma, the myeloma-defining event/s (MDEs) were anemia in 11, anemia + bone disease in 4, and bone disease in 3 patients. Among patients with a bone disease MDE, 4/7 had >1 lytic lesions on imaging and 3 had vertebral compression fracture(s). No patient had renal insufficiency or hypercalcemia as MDE. The sole patient with SLiM had a serum free light chain ratio>100 as the only MDE. 13/102 patients (12.75%) died, with 4/13 deaths attributed to myeloma after disease progression. The predicted median 2-year risk of progression to MM with different risk-stratification models were as follows: PANGEA with Bone Marrow (BM): 5.75% (range, 1.2-42); PANGEA without BM: 4.6% (0.7-26.6); Mayo 20/2/20: 9.7% (9.7-47.4); IMWG SMM: 26% (3.8-73). Figure 2 shows Sankey diagram of predicted risk tertiles for patients at SMM diagnosis by different models. Notably, a substantial proportion of high-risk patients by 20/2/20, who are currently considered for therapeutic intervention, were re-assigned to intermediate risk (2-year risk of progression 8.1-20%) by PANGEA-BM. Conclusion: The risk of progression to MM among this cohort of contemporary patients with SMM is <5% per year for the 1 st 4 years, which is substantially lower than the historical rate of 10% per year. Morbid progression such as renal failure or fractures are very infrequent, with anemia being the most common MDE. Prospective studies testing active surveillance strategies are needed in contemporary SMM cohorts to determine the optimal approach to these patients and ensure balancing of potential risks and benefits of treatment.
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Freemyer, Bret G., Anthony Urbi, Trevor Torigoe i Christopher Stickley. "Weight-Bearing Versus Traditional Strength Assessments of the Hip Musculature". Journal of Athletic Training 56, nr 2 (21.01.2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0418.19.
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Context Traditional nonweight-bearing (NWB) hip-strength assessments may not directly translate to functional strength during weight-bearing (WB) activity. How NWB assessments of hip muscle strength compare with WB assessments in various positions is currently unknown. Objective To determine the magnitude of the differences and correlations between NWB hip strength and WB functional strength during the squatting and lunge (LNG) positions in female athletes. Design Crossover design. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Female athletes (N = 51, age = 16.2 ± 3.5 years, height = 161.5 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 58.3 ± 11.6 kg). Intervention(s) Isometric resistance (N/kg) was determined for the dominant and nondominant limbs via WB assessments (squat-bilateral [legs tested simultaneously], squat-unilateral, and lunge positions) and NWB assessments (hip external rotation [HER], hip extension [HEXT], and hip abduction [HAB]). Main Outcome Measure(s) To compare differences between positions (P ≤ .05), we used effect sizes (d) and matched-pairs t tests, and we calculated Pearson r and R2 values. Results During the squat-bilateral on the dominant limb, females produced the most hip torque (6.13 ± 1.12 N/kg). The magnitudes of differences were very large compared with HER (3.96 ± 0.83, d = 2.2), HEXT (3.22 ± 0.69, d = 3.2), and HAB (3.80 ± 1.01, d = 2.2; all P values ≤ .01), and positions were moderately correlated (r = 0.347–0.419, R2 = 0.12–0.18). The lunge position produced the least amount of torque in the dominant limb (2.44 ± 0.48 N/kg) compared with HER (d = −2.3), HEXT (d = −1.3), and HAB (d = −1.7; all P values ≤ .001), and correlations were small to moderate (r = 0.236–0.310, R2 = 0.06–0.10). Conclusions Strength in WB positions was different than strength evaluated using traditional NWB assessments in female athletes. Weight-bearing tests may provide clinicians with additional information regarding strength and function.
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Aung, Thinzar, Seung-Soo Park i Mi-Jeong Kim. "Influence of Lactobacillus (LAB) Fermentation on the Enhancement of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Antioxidant Properties in Bran among Wheat By-Products". Fermentation 8, nr 12 (12.12.2022): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120732.
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The main objective of this study was to enhance the nutritional properties, including branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), through the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran (WB) using lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The physicochemical properties, amino acid profiles, bioactive components, and antioxidant properties of raw and sterilized WB were compared with those of WB fermented with five different LAB strains. The highest level of BCAAs, isoleucine (Ile; 2.557 ± 0.05 mg/100 g), leucine (Leu; 7.703 ± 0.40 mg/100 g), and valine (Val; 7.207 ± 0.37 mg/100 g), was displayed in the WB fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.A WB). In addition, L.A WB showed the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents (2.80 mg GAE/g and 1.01 mg CE/g, respectively), and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (9.88 mM TE/g). Statistical analysis clearly revealed that L.A WB presented the highest abundance of branched chain amino acids as well as bioactive components. Overall, this study distinctly implemented the possibility of fermented WB with enhanced BCAAs for application in future functional food through experimental and statistical observations.
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Muhammad Abdus, Sobahan. "Ameliorative Effect of Wood Biochar for Cadmium Stress on Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merrill) Growth and Yield". SAARC Journal of Agriculture 21, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v21i2.66205.
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Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that affects plant growth and yield. Biochar can mitigate the detrimental effect of Cd on plants. To assess effectiveness of wood biochar (WB) in mitigating Cd stress, a pot experiment was conducted with six treatments in Soyabean crop viz., control (0% biochar and no Cd stress), 1.5% WB, 3% WB, 100 mg CdCl2 Kg-1 soil, 100 mg CdCl2 Kg-1 soil +1.5% WB, 100 mg CdCl2 Kg-1 soil +3% WB. The impact of Cd on the growth, physiological status, yield and yield-contributing characters of Soybean were found to be significant (p<0.05). The application of 1.5% and 3% WB significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated Cd toxicity to Soybean under Cd stress conditions. There was no significant difference in the effect of two rates of wood biochar’s (1.5% and 3% WB) on growth, physiological status and yield of Soybean. Therefore, it can be concluded that 1.5% WB is sufficient to reduce toxicity caused by Cd stress in Soybean. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 157-168 (2023)
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Beck, Christopher, Kate Boersma, C. Susannah Tysor i George Middendorf. "Diversity at 100: women and underrepresented minorities in the ESA". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12, nr 8 (październik 2014): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14.wb.011.
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Jankowska, Anna M., Hadrian Szpurka, Venugopalan Cheriyath, Kwok Peng Ng, Zhenbo Hu, Michael A. McDevitt, Yogen Saunthararajah i Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski. "Consequences of UTX Dysfunction in Myelodysplastic Syndrome". Blood 118, nr 21 (18.11.2011): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2427.2427.
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Abstract Abstract 2427 While various mechanisms of chromosomal instability in myeloid malignancies and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have been proposed based on inherited and acquired genetic mutations, the molecular basis of the epigenetic instability has been essentially unexplored. However, the newly discovered mutations in various genes involved in epigenetic regulation may represent a link between genomic and epigenetic dysfunction of DNA. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 and UTX (KDM6A) histone demethylase are among these genes, and potentially inactivating mutations that result in their defective function can lead to alteration of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), thus likely contributing to transcriptional repression or activation of distinct target gene groups. When 102 patients with myeloid disorders were screened, homozygous (LOH) and heterozygous UTX mutations were found in 9% of cases, including frame shift mutations, stop codons, and missense variants. Among mutant cases, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were most prevalent. In addition, deletions in the UTX region of the X chromosome were identified (N=4), thus increasing the overall number of affected cases. Homozygous inactivating mutations in UTX were also found in AML THP-1 cells, which showed no detectable protein, and in MOLM-13 in which UTX mRNA was absent. In 15/17 patients tested, UTX was expressed and transcripts were easily quantifiable in different hematopoietic cell fractions, including CD34+ cells. Of note is that in addition to mutations, the function of 2-ketoglutarate-dependent UTX is likely affected by the presence of 2-hydroxyglutarate generated by IDH/2 mutations in an additional 2% of cases with CMML and AML. To further investigate role of UTX and the consequences of its dysfunction in CMML and AML, we transduced THP-1 and MOLM-13 (both UTX null cell lines) with a lentiviral vector containing UTX cDNA (UTX+) or an empty vector. Multiple clones were generated and mRNA and protein levels were determined. Following clone selection, the resultant UTX+ cell lines showed 1000-fold and 500-fold UTX mRNA increase and distinct protein over expression by western blot (WB), respectively, as compared to the baseline UTX null cells. However, despite successful UTX reintroduction, ectopic expression did not result in a significant reduction of baseline H3K27me3 levels, as demonstrated by WB and immunofluoresence. However, when cells were stimulated with PMA, a significant reduction of H3K27me3 levels (∼50%) was observed in UTX+ cells as compared to UTX-null cells. In THP-1 cells, overexpression of UTX resulted in increased cell proliferation by MTT assay, whereas in MOLM-13 growth rate was unchanged. Reintroduction of UTX did not lead to greater apoptotic susceptibility in modified cell lines challenged with PMA as measured by APO-BRDU intake. However, PMA treatment significantly enhanced the adherence of the UTX-reintroduced cells relative to unmodified cells and resulted in monocytic differentiation as judged by increased surface CD13 or CD14 expression. This effect was paralleled by increased C/EBP-ε, a transcription activator associated with differentiation and decreased pERK in UTX+ cells. In unstimulated UTX+ cells, up-regulation of surface markers linked to differentiation was present but was less pronounced. These findings were supported by morphologic changes in both cell lines showing more mature morphology (e.g., less condensed chromatin and vacuolization) of transduced cells. We have also applied expression arrays to UTX+ and UTX- control cell lines, and found that a majority of the top 10 overexpressed genes in UTX+ transfectants were involved in differentiation. The biological network of these genes showed involved in NfkB and MAPK pathways. Using pyrosequencing and methylation arrays, there were 68 differentially demethylated and 85 hypermethylated sites in UTX-overexpressing cells, suggesting site-specific UTX epigenetic regulation. In summary, our results suggest that UTX may be involved in epigenetic regulation of promoters through site-specific histone demethylation function. UTX mutations may compromise this function, thereby promoting repression of tumor suppressor genes associated with differentiation arrest. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Jimenez-Pulido, Ivan Jesus, Rico Daniel, Jara Perez, Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga, Daniel De Luis i Ana Belén Martín Diana. "Impact of Protein Content on the Antioxidants, Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Glycemic Index of Wheat and Wheat Bran". Foods 11, nr 14 (11.07.2022): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142049.
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Conventional wheat milling generates important volumes of wheat bran (WB), which is a concentrated source of polyphenols and insoluble fiber. In terms of health benefits and based on epidemiological and experimental evidence, these compounds contribute to reducing the risk of certain chronic pathologies. Protein concentration is the main quality factor conditioning wheat use in the agroindustry. When turning waste into feasible resources, it is essential to evaluate the variability of the raw material. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the impact of protein content in the valorization of WB based on its antioxidants, anti-inflammatory properties and glycemic index (GI). A significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower content of phenolic compounds was found in the whole grain (WG) fractions, both free (FP) and bound (BP), as compared to the WB phenolic fractions, differences that ranged from 4- to 6-fold (538 to 561 mg GAE 100 g−1 in WG vs. 1027 to 1236 in WB mg GAE 100 g−1 in FP and 2245 to 2378 vs. 6344 to 7232 mg GAE 100 g−1 in BP). A significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect of the protein content on the resulting phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was observed, especially in WG, but also in WB, although in the latter a significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative correlation was observed, and increasing the protein content resulted in decreasing total phenolic content, antioxidants, and ferric-reducing capacities, probably due to their different types of proteins. The highest protein content in WB produced a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in GI value, probably due to the role of protein structure in protecting starch from gelatinization, along with phytic acid, which may bind to proteins closely associated to starch and chelate calcium ions, required for α-amylase activity. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect of the protein content on the GI was also found, which may be explained by the structural effect of the proteins associated with starch, reducing the GI (21.64). The results obtained show the importance of segregation of WB in valorization strategies in order to increase the efficiency of the processes.
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Hamm, P. B., S. L. Gieck, N. L. David i R. M. Hunger. "First Report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Columbia Basin of Oregon". Plant Disease 91, nr 11 (listopad 2007): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1513c.
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The Columbia Basin of Oregon consists of six counties (Gilliam, Hood River, Morrow, Sherman, Wasco, and Umatilla) and is the major wheat-producing region in the state. In 2005, these counties produced 300,277 ha of mostly fall-planted wheat. While primarily a dryland production area, wheat (approximately 8,094 ha) is also grown as a rotational crop under irrigation. Stunted and chlorotic winter wheat plants with leaves exhibiting a mosaic pattern consistent with that caused by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) were observed in March 2005. These plants originated from four center-pivot irrigated fields in Umatilla County with each field approximately 50.6 ha. One-half of one field was planted with cv. Western Breeders 470 (WB470) and the other half with cv. Tubbs, while the three other fields were planted to Tubbs. In the split-planted field, symptoms were widespread in the WB470 half but only observed in low-lying areas planted with Tubbs. ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) confirmed the presence of SBWMV, which is transmitted by the soilborne organism Polymyxa graminis. Electron microscopy confirmed rigid, rod-shaped particles that were 19 nm wide and of two size classes, 138 to 222 and 416 to 471 nm long. Presence of SBWMV was further verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SBWMV RNA-2 specific primers (sense 5′-AAAGAGTCTIGCGTRTARCAYTC-3′ and antisense 5′-AACGGTGTTAGTAARYTRGGKGA-3′), which amplified the predicted 338-bp product from the coat protein gene (1). Additional positive samples were found in 2006 from fall-planted wheat cvs. WB 528 and MJ9 from two additional 50.6-ha fields in Umatilla County. In 2005, yield of WB470 in the split-planted field was reduced by approximately 15% compared with yields obtained in similar fields planted with WB470 not exhibiting symptoms. SBWMV has been reported previously in Oregon (2) but nearly 322 km to the west in an area that is not the major wheat-producing region in Oregon. Because of the apparent reduced susceptibility of Tubbs, which is an older cultivar, as compared with WB470, WB528, and MJ9, which are three new high-yielding cultivars, additional research is needed to identify the reaction to SBWMV of cultivars adapted for production in the Pacific Northwest, particularly if this disease becomes widely distributed in both irrigated and dryland production areas. References: (1) G. R. G. Clover et al. Plant Pathol. 50:761, 2001. (2) M. L. Putman et al. Plant Dis. 78:102, 1994.
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Tamarozzi, Francesca, Silvia Stefania Longoni, Ambra Vola, Monica Degani, Stefano Tais, Eleonora Rizzi, Marco Prato i in. "Evaluation of Nine Commercial Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Human Hepatic Cyst Echinococcosis and the Differential Diagnosis with Other Focal Liver Lesions: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study". Diagnostics 11, nr 2 (25.01.2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020167.
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The differential diagnosis of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) may be challenging. When imaging is insufficient, serology can be applied, but no consensus diagnostic algorithm exists. We evaluated the performances of nine serological tests commercialized in Europe for the diagnosis of “echinococcosis”. We performed a diagnostic accuracy study using a panel of sera from patients with hepatic CE (n = 45 “liquid” content stages, n = 25 “solid” content stages) and non-CE focal liver lesions (n = 54 with “liquid” content, n = 11 with “solid” content). The diagnosis and staging of CE were based on ultrasound (gold standard). Nine commercial seroassays (5 ELISA, 2 WB, 1 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay [CLIA] and 1 Immunochromatographic test [ICT]) were the index tests. Sensitivity (Se) ranged from 43 to 94% and from 31 to 87%, and specificity (Sp) from 68 to 100% and from 94 to 100%, when borderline results were considered positive or negative, respectively. Three seroassays (2 ELISA, 1 WB) were excluded from further analyses due to poor performances. When tests were combined, Sp was 98–100%. The best results were obtained using the WB-LDBIO alone (Se 83%) or as a third test after two non-WB tests (Se 67–86%). A validated WB or two non-WB tests, read with stringent criteria (borderline = negative and considered positive only if concordant positive), possibly confirmed by the WB, appear sensible approaches.
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Himmler, Amber, Monica Eulalia Galarza Armijos, Jeovanni Reinoso Naranjo, Sandra Gioconda Peña Patiño, Doris Sarmiento Altamirano, Nube Flores Lazo, Raul Pino Andrade i in. "Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? The implementation and outcomes of a whole blood program in Ecuador". Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 6, nr 1 (listopad 2021): e000758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2021-000758.
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BackgroundHemorrhagic shock is a major cause of mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many institutions in LMICs lack the resources to adequately prescribe balanced resuscitation. This study aims to describe the implementation of a whole blood (WB) program in Latin America and to discuss the outcomes of the patients who received WB.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients resuscitated with WB from 2013 to 2019. Five units of O+ WB were made available on a consistent basis for patients presenting in hemorrhagic shock. Variables collected included gender, age, service treating the patient, units of WB administered, units of components administered, admission vital signs, admission hemoglobin, shock index, Revised Trauma Score in trauma patients, intraoperative crystalloid (lactated Ringer’s or normal saline) and colloid (5% human albumin) administration, symptoms of transfusion reaction, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe sample includes a total of 101 patients, 57 of which were trauma and acute care surgery patients and 44 of which were obstetrics and gynecology patients. No patients developed symptoms consistent with a transfusion reaction. The average shock index was 1.16 (±0.55). On average, patients received 1.66 (±0.80) units of WB. Overall mortality was 13.86% (14 of 101) in the first 24 hours and 5.94% (6 of 101) after 24 hours.DiscussionImplementing a WB protocol is achievable in LMICs. WB allows for more efficient delivery of hemostatic resuscitation and is ideal for resource-restrained settings. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a WB program implemented in a civilian hospital in Latin America.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
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Kuramitsu, Madoka, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Tadanori Yamochi, Sanaz Firouzi, Tomoo Sato, Kazumi Umeki, Daisuke Sasaki i in. "Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, nr 9 (12.07.2017): 2838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00659-17.
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ABSTRACTWestern blotting (WB) for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is performed to confirm anti-HTLV-1 antibodies detected at the initial screening of blood donors and in pregnant women. However, the frequent occurrence of indeterminate results is a problem with this test. We therefore assessed the cause of indeterminate WB results by analyzing HTLV-1 provirus genomic sequences. A quantitative PCR assay measuring HTLV-1 provirus in WB-indeterminate samples revealed that the median proviral load was approximately 100-fold lower than that of WB-positive samples (0.01 versus 0.71 copy/100 cells). Phylogenic analysis of the complete HTLV-1 genomes of WB-indeterminate samples did not identify any specific phylogenetic groups. When we analyzed the nucleotide changes in 19 HTLV-1 isolates from WB-indeterminate samples, we identified 135 single nucleotide substitutions, composed of four types, G to A (29%), C to T (19%), T to C (19%), and A to G (16%). In the most frequent G-to-A substitution, 64% occurred at GG dinucleotides, indicating that APOBEC3G is responsible for mutagenesis in WB-indeterminate samples. Moreover, interestingly, five WB-indeterminate isolates had nonsense mutations in Pol and/or Tax, Env, p12, and p30. These findings suggest that WB-indeterminate carriers have low production of viral antigens because of a combination of a low proviral load and mutations in the provirus, which may interfere with host recognition of HTLV-1 antigens.
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Mukendi, Mbuyamba Divin, i Nomvano Mketo. "Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples". Applied Sciences 13, nr 24 (17.12.2023): 13315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413315.
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Fluoride ions are the major constituents of dental products because they prevent cavities through bacterial growth inhibition. However, excessive consumption of fluoride ions results in fluorosis, thereby causing tooth staining and roughness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop rapid and effective methods for monitoring fluoride levels in dental products. The current study describes a greener water-based microwave-assisted digestion (WB-MAD) prior to fluoride-ion-selective electrode (F-ISE) measurement for the determination of fluoride ions in various toothpaste products. The optimum conditions of the developed WB-MAD method were 180 °C digestion temperature, 60 min digestion time, 0.05 g toothpaste amount and 10 mL distilled water. Under the optimum conditions, the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.00302 µg/kg and the method quantification limit (MQL) of 0.01007 µg/kg obtained were favorably comparable with the literature reports. The proposed WB-MAD method was both accurate (99.2 to 101%) and precise (≤0.75%) for the quantitative determination of F− in toothpaste samples using F-ISE. Furthermore, the newly developed WB-MAD method showed better accuracy (97–100%) than the traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion methods (71–92%). It is worth indicating that since water was used as the only digestion reagent, it was possible to validate the F-ISE results with ion chromatography (IC). The percentage recoveries obtained from IC (91–104%) and F-ISE (93–100%) were statistically insignificant. In view of the validation data, the proposed WB-MAD method can be considered as an alternative to the conventional microwave-assisted acid digestion (MAAD) methods for the determination of F− in toothpaste samples containing sodium monofluorophosphate.
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Sorensen, Benny, Rasmus Rojkjaer i Jorgen Ingerslev. "Recombinant Factor VIIa Combined with Plasma Factor XIII Stabilize Clot Formation and Increase Clot Stability in Whole Blood from Patients with Severe Hemophilia A." Blood 108, nr 11 (16.11.2006): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1039.1039.
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Abstract Patients with severe hemophlia A and inhibitors suffer from significantly compromised clot formation as well as reduced clot stability. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa - NovoSeven®, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) has proven safe and efficacious for securing haemostasis in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Recently, it was proposed that the reduced thrombin generation in severe haemophilia hinders sufficient activation of factor XIII and thereby result in insufficient covalent lateralization of fibrin (Blood2005; 106: 11, Abstract 321). The present study aimed at exploring the effect of rFVIIa and rFVIIa + plasma-derived FXIII (Haematological Technologies Inc) on whole blood clot (WB) formation and WB clot stability in severe hemophilia A. In total, 14 patients with a verified FVIII:C < 0.01 IU/ml were enrolled. Ex vivo studies were performed with rFVIIa (2 μg/ml), rFVIIa+FXIII (2+10 μg/ml), and a buffer control. Dynamic WB coagulation profiles describing initiation (clotting time=CT[sec]), propagation (maximum velocity=MaxVel [mm*100/sec]) and clot strength (maximum clot firmness=MCF[mm*100]) were recorded using thrombelastography and activation with a minute amount of tissue factor (TF, Innovin, final dilution 1:50000). WB clot stability was evaluated using a reaction mixture containing TF and tPA (1nM), followed by evaluation of the MCF and the total area under the elasticity curve after 120 min analysis time (AUEC[mm*100*sec]). Data are presented as mean and Wilcoxon statistical results. In the absence of tPA, Both rFVIIa+FXIII and rFVIIa significantly shortened the CT (Buffer=1424, rFVIIa+FXIII=739 (p=0.010), rFVIIa=881, (p=0.0005)) and accelerated WB MaxVel (Buffer=3.8, rFVIIa+FXIII=10.5 (p=0.0001), rFVIIa=9.2, (p=0.0002)). The standard deviation (SD) of the CT was significant lower in WB spiked with rFVIIa+FXIII than rFVIIa (Buffer SD=697, rFVIIa+FXIII SD=289 vs rFVIIa SD=655, p=0.007). In the absence of tPA, rFVIIa+FXIII increased the MCF significantly more than rFVIIa (Buffer=4441, rFVIIa+FXIII=6414 vs rFVIIa=5943, p=0.04) and the SD of the MCF was significant lower in WB spiked with rFVIIa+FXIII than rFVIIa (Buffer SD=2174, rFVIIa+FXIII SD=331 vs rFVIIa SD=948, p=0.0006). In the presence of tPA, rFVIIa+FXIII induced higher clot strength and stability than rFVIIa alone (MCF: Buffer=1313, rFVIIa+FXIII=3295 vs rFVIIa=3023, p=0.10 (N.S.); AUEC: Buffer=3.8*106, rFVIIa+FXIII=12.8*106 vs rFVIIa=10.2*106, p=0.0269). In conclusion, both rFVIIa (2μg/mL) and FXIII (10 μg/ml) added to rFVIIa (2 μg/ml), significantly increased WB clot formation and stability in this ex vivo evaluation of the clotting potential of WB from patients with severe hemophilia A.
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Helander, Eija, Matti Näsi i Kirsi Partanen. "Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs". Agricultural and Food Science 3, nr 1 (1.01.1994): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72685.
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The effect of the intrinsic phytase of wheat bran (WB) on phytin-phosphorus availability to pigs on barley-soybean meal diets was measured in a digestibility and balance experiment using a 2x3 factorial arrangement in a 6x5 cyclic change-over design. The factors were WB inclusion (0 or 100 g per kg, later referred to as WB- and WB+, respectively) and three phosphorus (P) levels: high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP). The inclusion of WB in the diet did not significantly improve dietary P utilization. However, the absorption and retention of P appeared to be slightly improved by WB inclusion in the LP diet. This improvement may be due to WB phytase. The effects of WB on the digestibility and balance of other minerals remained relatively small. The P level, on the other hand, had a greater effect on mineral balances. Ash digestibility was not affected by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were impaired when WB was included in the diet. N absorption of intake was higher (p
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Agriawati, D. P., Nurmalia, H. F. Purba, Tommy Purba i K. E. Ramija. "Physiological Changes of “Batu Ijo” Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum) Variety at Room Temperature Storage". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, nr 1 (1.05.2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012042.
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Abstract This research was aimed to study the physiological changes of “Batu ijo” shallot variety during storage. The “Batu ijo” shallot variety from Toba Samosir was used as a sample. The storage conditions of the shallots were room temperature (26-29 °C) with humidity (64-86%). The storage period was 90 days with three replications. There were weight loss, moisture content, calcium content, shallots deterioration as observed parameters. The results showed that weight loss has decreased on 90 days of storage (49.83%). The moisture content and calcium content have fluctuated during storage. The initial moisture content was 81.84% (wb) and decreased to 79.19% (wb) on 45 days of storage, then increased to 80.09 (% wb) on 90 days of storage. At the beginning of storage, the calcium content was 0.29 %. The calcium content declined to 0.06% on the 45th day of storage, then increased to 0.95% at the end of storage. Bulb deterioration like hollow and rotten began at 30 days of storage.
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Stissing, Trine, Nadia P. Dridi, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Louise Bochsen i Pär I. Johansson. "The Influence of Low Platelet Count on Whole Blood Aggregometry Assessed by Multiplate". Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 17, nr 6 (14.03.2011): E211—E217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029610397183.
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The Multiplate, a whole blood (WB) platelet function test, has shown promising results identifying patients on antiplatelet therapy at increased risk of rethrombosis. In the present study, the influence of low platelet count on platelet aggregation was analyzed and compared with aggregation results in an artificial matrix, platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Heparinized and citrated blood was diluted with autologous plasma to platelet concentrations 200 to 25 × 109/L in WB samples (n = 10) and 200 to 100 × 109/L in PRP samples (n = 7). The platelet aggregation was investigated by the ADP-, ASPI-, COL-, and TRAP-test. The WB responses decreased at platelet concentration of ≤100 × 109/L (all P < .03), except for heparin-TRAP (50 × 109/L, P = .008) and citrate-ASPI (150 × 109/L, P = .03). In general, WB samples demonstrated higher aggregation than PRP samples at platelet concentrations 200 to 100 × 109/L ( P < .05). In conclusion, platelet concentration of <150 × 109/L may influence Multiplate which should be considered in clinical settings. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the importance of evaluating haemostasis in its natural matrix, WB.
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Cummings, Joanna, Aloura Linfesty i Diane Stadler. "Energy and Nutrient Concentrations of Water Buffalo Milk and Liquid and Dried Whey: Potential Dietary Supplement to Address Malnutrition in Lao PDR". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa052_015.
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Abstract Objectives In Lao PDR, 33.5% of children <5 years are stunted, 26% are underweight and 8% are severely wasted. Nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished children often requires dietary protein (PRO) and energy supplementation. Water buffalo (WB) native to SE Asia produce milk with more fat and PRO than dairy cow (DC) milk. Although WB milk is not typically consumed in Lao, it is used to make cheese. Whey, a byproduct of cheese production and a source of PRO and energy, is currently discarded in Lao. We analyzed and compared energy and macronutrient concentrations of WB milk and liquid and dried acid whey to DC milk and acid whey data in the 2020 USDA nutrient database to determine potential as a locally-sourced protein supplement. Methods WB milk and whey samples were obtained from the Lao Buffalo Dairy in Lao PDR. Nutrient analysis was performed by Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Crude PRO and fat concentrations were measured by Kjeldahl and Soxtec™ technology, respectively; and carbohydrate (CHO) and energy concentrations were calculated by weight-difference and standard equations. Results WB milk contained 4.5 ± 0.0 g PRO, 7.6 ± 0.3 g fat, 5.2 ± 0.3 g CHO and 107 ± 3 kcals per 100 g milk. WB liquid acid whey contained 0.8 ± 0.3 g PRO, 0.6 ± 0.2 g fat, 5.4 ± 0.3 g CHO and 29.6 ± 2.1 kcals per 100 g whey. WB dried acid whey contained 9.4 ± 3.3 g PRO, 6.5 ± 1.8 g fat, 70 ± 4.9 g CHO and 376 ±13 kcals per 100 g dried whey. PRO (P < 0.01), fat (P < 0.01) and energy (P < 0.01) concentrations were higher in WB than DC milk. Energy (P < 0.01) and fat (P < 0.01) concentrations were higher in WB than DC liquid acid whey. Energy concentration (P < 0.01) was higher in WB than DC dried acid whey; PRO concentrations were not different (P > 0.14) but met USDA PRO powder criteria of 7 g PRO/100 g dried whey. Conclusions WB milk and liquid and dried acid whey contain sufficient amounts of PRO, fat and energy to develop a locally-sourced nutritional supplement to rehabilitate malnourished children. Funding Sources Funding for this research was supported by the OHSU Foundation, OHSU Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition, Vejdusit Foundation, and Bangkok Dusit Medical Services. WB milk and whey samples were generously donated by the Lao Water Buffalo Dairy in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR.
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Mogilyansky, Elena, Chien Chang Loa, Martin E. Adelson, Eli Mordechai i Richard C. Tilton. "Comparison of Western Immunoblotting and the C6 Lyme Antibody Test for Laboratory Detection of Lyme Disease". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, nr 5 (wrzesień 2004): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.5.924-929.2004.
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ABSTRACT Three commercial Lyme disease Western immunoblotting (WB) kits and the C6 Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit were compared using two commercially available performance panels from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Boston Biomedica (BBI). Combined, the panels consisted of 52 characterized specimens. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) sensitivity was similar for the three WB products. The BBI and Marblot WBs were more specific for IgG antibodies, while the Virablot was the most sensitive for IgM antibody. The BBI WB was 100% specific for IgM, while Marblot was 97% and Virablot was 77% specific for IgM. The C6 ELISA was found to be 100% sensitive. Four false-positive C6 results were identified in patients that had clinically and microbiologically confirmed Lyme disease but were not detected by the CDC reference methods. No one WB product showed overall superiority. The C6 ELISA shows promise as the first ELISA for Lyme disease that would not require a supplemental test such as a WB.
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Vermersch, Mathilde, Sébastien Mulé, Julia Chalaye, Athena Galletto Pregliasco, Berivan Emsen, Giuliana Amaddeo, Aurélien Monnet i in. "Impact of the 18F-FDG-PET/MRI on Metastatic Staging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Results from 104 Patients". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 17 (6.09.2021): 4017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10174017.
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Optimal HCC therapeutic management relies on accurate tumor staging. Our aim was to assess the impact of 18F-FDG-WB-PET/MRI on HCC metastatic staging, compared with the standard of care CT-CAP/liver MRI combination, in patients with HCC referred on a curative intent or before transarterial radioembolization. One hundred and four consecutive patients followed for HCC were retrospectively included. The WB-PET/MRI was compared with the standard of care CT-CAP/liver MRI combination for HCC metastatic staging, with pathology, followup, and multidisciplinary board assessment as a reference standard. Thirty metastases were identified within 14 metastatic sites in 11 patients. The sensitivity of WB-PET/MRI for metastatic sites and metastatic patients was significantly higher than that of the CT-CAP/liver MRI combination (respectively 100% vs. 43%, p = 0.002; and 100% vs. 45%, p = 0.01). Metastatic sites missed by CT-CAP were bone (n = 5) and distant lymph node (n = 3) in BCLC C patients. For the remaining 93 nonmetastatic patients, three BCLC A patients identified as potentially metastatic on the CT-CAP/liver MRI combination were correctly ruled out with the WB-PET/MRI without significant increase in specificity (100% vs. 97%; p = 0.25). The WB-PET/MRI may improve HCC metastatic staging and could be performed as a “one-stop-shop” examination for HCC staging with a significant impact on therapeutic management in about 10% of patients especially in locally advanced HCC.
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Helander, Eija, i Kirsi Partanen. "Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs II. Performance and bone mineralization in growing-finishing pigs". Agricultural and Food Science 3, nr 1 (1.01.1994): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72686.
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The experiment was conducted to study whether wheat bran (WB) phytase could improve the availability of intrinsic phosphorus (P) in commercial barley-soybean meal diets enough to replace the added inorganic P partly or completely in the diets of growing-finishing pigs (30-100 kg). Performance as well as certain chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were used as criteria for the WB phytase effect. The experiment was conducted using a 2x3 factorial arrangement. The factors were wheat bran (WB) level - either 0 (WB-) or 100 g/kg (WB+), and phosphorus level - high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP) corresponding to 4.33 g, 2.99 g and 1.64 g digestible P per a feed unit (FU = 0.7 kg starch equivalent), respectively. The measured digestible P contents of the diets were 4.2, 4.2, 2.7, 2.5, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg DM, respectively. A content of 2.5-2.7 g of digestible P/kg DM in the diet proved to be sufficient for the whole growing period, but the lowest phosphorus levels led to an impaired growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. However, after reaching 60 kg live weight, the pigs on LPWB- and LPWB+ diets were able to grow and utilize feed as effectively as the other pigs. WB at a level of 100 g/kg had no significant effect on the performance, feed conversion ratio or carcass quality criteria of the pigs on any diet. WB phytase showed a positive effect on bone breaking strength on the LP diet.
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Sulahian, Annie, Yves Jean François Garin, Arezki Izri, Caroline Verret, Pascal Delaunay, Tom van Gool i Francis Derouin. "Development and Evaluation of a Western Blot Kit for Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.4.548-551.2005.
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ABSTRACT We evaluated the performance of Western blot (WB) analysis using commercially available antigen strips and compared the results with those of indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) for the serodiagnosis of human schistosomiasis. The antigen preparation was a crude extract of Schistosoma mansoni. The WB profile characteristics of schistosomiasis were characterized by comparing the results for 58 serum samples from patients with parasitologically proven S. mansoni (n = 12) and S. haematobium (n = 46) infections and 37 individuals with probable cases of schistosomiasis but with only positive serology results. The specificity of WB analysis was assessed by testing 12 serum samples from healthy subjects, 67 serum samples from patients with other proven helminthic and protozoan infections, and 16 serum samples from patients with autoantibodies. Six immunodominant bands (65, 70, 80, 95, 110, and 120 kDa) were revealed with sera from patients with schistosomiasis. The presence of three or more bands in the range 65 to 120 kDa, with the exception of the 100-kDa band, was considered diagnostic for Schistosoma infection and had a specificity of 100% in our series. In patients with proven schistosomiasis, the sensitivity of WB analysis was 84.5%, whereas those of IFAT and IHA were 65.5 and 72.9%, respectively. For serologically proven cases, the sensitivity of WB analysis was 97.3%. The overall sensitivity and specificity for both groups of patients were 89.5 and 100%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 100 and 91.3%, respectively. We conclude that WB analysis is a useful technique for the immunological diagnosis of schistosomiasis.
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Monro, John, Suman Mishra, Halina Stoklosinski, Kerry Bentley-Hewitt, Duncan Hedderley, Hannah Dinnan i Sheridan Martell. "Dietary Fibre and Organic Acids in Kiwifruit Suppress Glycaemic Response Equally by Delaying Absorption—A Randomised Crossover Human Trial with Parallel Analysis of 13C-Acetate Uptake". Nutrients 14, nr 15 (3.08.2022): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153189.
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Non-sugar components of kiwifruit reduce the amplitude of the glycaemic response to co-consumed cereal starch. We determined the relative contribution of different non-sugar kiwifruit components to this anti-glycaemic effect. Healthy participants (n = 9) ingested equal carbohydrate meals containing 20 g starch as wheat biscuit (WB, 30 g), and the sugar equivalent of two kiwifruit (KFsug, 20.4 g), either intrinsic or added as glucose, fructose and sucrose (2:2:1). The meals were WB+KFsug (control, no non-sugar kiwifruit components), WB + whole kiwifruit pulp (WB+KF), WB + neutralised kiwifruit pulp (WB+KFneut), WB + low-fibre kiwifruit juice (WB+KFjuice) and WB+KFsug + kiwifruit organic acids (WB+KFsug+OA). All meals were spiked with 100 mg sodium [1-13C] acetate to measure intestinal absorption. Each participant ingested all meals in random order. Blood glucose and breath 13CO2 were measured at ingestion and at 15 min intervals up to 180 min. Compared with WB+KFsug, whole kiwifruit pulp (WB+KF) almost halved glycaemic response amplitude (p < 0.001), reduced incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (iAUC) at 30 min (peak) by 50% (p < 0.001), and averted late postprandial hypoglycaemia. All other treatments suppressed response amplitude half as much as whole kiwifruit and averted acute hypoglycaemia, with little effect on iAUC. Effects on 13CO2 exhalation paralleled effects on blood glucose (R2 = 0.97). Dietary fibre and organic acids contributed equally to the anti-glycaemic effect of kiwifruit by reducing intestinal absorption rate. Kiwifruit flesh effectively attenuates glycaemic response in carbohydrate exchange, as it contains fructose, dietary fibre and organic acids.
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Widiastuti, Agustin, Pudjomartatmo Pudjomartatmo i Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa. "Pengaruh Dosis Injeksi Antemortem Papain Kasar terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam Petelur Afkir pada Jenis Otot yang Berbeda". Sains Peternakan 10, nr 2 (6.02.2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.10.2.100-107.
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<p>The research was aimed to observe the effect of antemortem injection dose of crude papain, muscle part and its interaction on physical and organoleptic qualities post production laying hen meat. The sample used were the breast and thighs from 20 hens on average age 82 weeks. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used Factorial Pattern 4 x 2. Factor A consisted A1: without papain (control); A2: 1 mg papain/ kg BW; A3: 2 mg papain/ kg BW and A4: 3 mg papain/ kg BW, factor B consisted B1: breast muscle and B2: thigh muscle. The datas were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that injection of crude papain dose gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) to all variables except tensile strength (P<0.05). Body parts gave highly significant difference (P<0.01) on shear force, tensile strength, WHC, cooking loss, organoleptic (shear force, texture and juice), and hedonic (P<0.05). The interaction was found between injection of crude papain dose and body part on WHC, organoleptic and hedonic (P<0.01), cooking loss (P<0.05). Dose of 3 mg/kg WB in thigh and breast meat has the best quality and the organoleptic quality of the combination of papain injection of 3 mg/kg WB in breast meat and 2 mg/kg WB in thigh meat has the best quality.</p><p>Keywords: antemortem injection, crude papain, physical and organoleptic quality, post production<br />laying hen meat</p>
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Estivi, Lorenzo, Luisa Pellegrino, Johannes A. Hogenboom, Andrea Brandolini i Alyssa Hidalgo. "Antioxidants of Amaranth, Quinoa and Buckwheat Wholemeals and Heat-Damage Development in Pseudocereal-Enriched Einkorn Water Biscuits". Molecules 27, nr 21 (3.11.2022): 7541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217541.
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A viable approach to improve the nutritional quality of cereal-based foods is their enrichment with pseudocereals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat, and the heat damage of water biscuits (WB) produced from either wholemeal or refined flour of einkorn and enriched with 50% buckwheat, amaranth or quinoa wholemeal. Buckwheat had the highest tocols content (86.2 mg/kg), and einkorn the most carotenoids (5.6 mg/kg). Conjugated phenolics concentration was highest in buckwheat (230.2 mg/kg) and quinoa (218.6 mg/kg), while bound phenolics content was greatest in einkorn (712.5 mg/kg) and bread wheat (675.7 mg/kg). The all-wholemeal WB had greater heat damage than those containing refined flour (furosine: 251.5 vs. 235.8 mg/100 g protein; glucosylisomaltol: 1.0 vs. 0.6 mg/kg DM; hydroxymethylfurfural: 4.3 vs. 2.8 mg/kg DM; furfural: 8.6 vs. 4.8 mg/kg DM). The 100% bread wheat and einkorn wholemeal WB showed greater heat damage than the WB with pseudocereals (furfural, 9.2 vs. 5.1 mg/kg; glucosylisomaltol 1.1 vs. 0.7 mg/kg). Despite a superior lysine loss, the amino-acid profile of the pseudocereals-enriched WB remained more balanced compared to that of the wheats WB.
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Tsiountsioura, Melina, Gerhard Cvirn, Axel Schlagenhauf, Harald Haidl, Kathrin Zischmeier, Nicole Janschitz, Martin Koestenberger i in. "The Antiplatelet Action of S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin in Whole Blood". Biomedicines 10, nr 3 (11.03.2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030649.
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Nitric oxide donors (NO-donors) have been shown to have therapeutic potential (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury). However, due to their release rate/antiplatelet properties, they may cause bleeding in patients. We therefore studied the antiplatelet effects of the two different NO-donors, i.e., S-NO-Human Serum Albumin (S-NO-HSA) and Diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DEA-NONOate) in whole blood (WB) samples. WB samples were spiked with S-NO-HSA or DEA-NONOate (100 µmol/L or 200 µmol/L), and the NO release rate (nitrite/nitrate levels via HPLC) and antiplatelet efficacy (impedance aggregometry, platelet function analyzer, Cone-and-platelet analyzer, thrombelastometry) were assessed. S-NO-HSA had a significantly lower NO release compared to equimolar concentrations of DEA-NONOate. Virtually no antiplatelet action of S-NO-HSA was observed in WB samples, whereas DEA-NONOate significantly attenuated platelet function in WB. Impedance aggregometry measurements revealed that Amplitudes (slope: −0.04022 ± 0.01045 ohm/µmol/L, p = 0.008) and Lag times (slope: 0.6389 ± 0.2075 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0051) were dose-dependently decreased and prolonged by DEA-NONOate. Closure times (Cone-and-platelet analyzer) were dose-dependently prolonged (slope: 0.3738 ± 0.1403 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0174 with collagen/ADP coating; slope: −0.5340 ± 0.1473 s/µmol/L, p = 0.0019 with collagen/epinephrine coating) by DEA-NONOate. These results in WB further support the pharmacological potential of S-NO-HSA as an NO-donor due to its ability to presumably prevent bleeding events even at high concentrations up to 200 µmol/L.
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Pizzini, Claudia V., Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira, Errol Reiss, Rana Hajjeh, Leo Kaufman i José Mauro Peralta. "Evaluation of a Western Blot Test in an Outbreak of Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, nr 1 (1.01.1999): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.1.20-23.1999.
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ABSTRACT A western blot (WB) test was evaluated for detection of antibodies against native glycosylated and chemically deglycosylated M and H antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum in serum obtained from patients during the acute phase of pulmonary histoplasmosis that occurred during an outbreak. Of 275 serum samples tested by immunodiffusion and complement fixation (CF) samples from 40 patients affected during this outbreak and from 37 negative controls were tested by WB test. A group of patients whose sera were negative for CF antibodies and precipitins early in the acute stage of histoplasmosis but who all seroconverted during convalescence 6 weeks later were tested with the WB test. Antibodies against untreated H and M antigens were detected at a 1:100 dilution by WB test in 45% of the 20 acute-phase serum samples and in all 20 of the convalescent-phase specimens. The WB test’s sensitivity for acute-phase specimens increased to 90% (18 of 20 specimens) when H and M antigens were treated by periodate oxidation to inactivate susceptible carbohydrate epitopes. When native glycosylated antigens were used in the WB test, positive reactions were observed in negative control serum specimens (3 of 37 specimens; 8%) and in serum specimens obtained from asymptomatic persons screened as part of the outbreak investigation (13 of 20 specimens; 65%). These positive reactions were also attributed to glycosidic epitopes since the specificity of the WB test increased from 78 to 100% when periodate-treated H and M antigens were used. WB test with deglycosylated H and M antigens of histoplasmin provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific test to diagnose acute pulmonary histoplasmosis before precipitins can be detected.
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Ferazuma, Herviana, Sri Anna Marliyati i Leily Amalia. "SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KEPALA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias Gariepinus sp) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KANDUNGAN KALSIUM CRACKERS". Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 6, nr 1 (21.03.2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2011.6.1.18-27.
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The using of fish by-products has not been optimally developed in food processing. The objective of this research was to study the using of catfish's head flour as a part of material in formulating crackers to increase its calsium content. The method for making this flour was based on thermal process using drum dryer. The physical and chemical properties were analysed. Crackers was formulated by using catfish's head flour with trial and error method. The formulations were then F0 (0:100), F1 (7,5:92,5), F2 (12,5:87,5), F3 (17,5:82,5), and F4 (22,5:77,5). F1 and F2 crackers were chosen formulations based on organoleptic test. The result of chemical analysis were respectively: moisture 2,4-3,3% (wb), ash 3,7-4,97% (wb), protein 9,9-11,4% (wb), lipid 19,2-20,5% (wb), carbohydrate 63,9-69,6% (wb), and energy 480-484 kkal (wb). F1 crackers contained 0,3634% of calcium (wb) while F2 crackers contained 0,3147% of calcium (wb). The phospor's content in F1 and F2 crackers were respectively: 0,2362% (wb) and 0,3147% (wb). The contribution of calcium content in crackers were calculated based on RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for children, adolescents, and adults. F1 crackers fulfilled calcium’s RDA respectively : 25,8% for children; 15,5% for adolescents, and 19,3% for adults. F2 crackers fulfilled calcium’s RDA respectively: 39,9% for children; 23,9% for adolescents, and 29,9% for adults. The amount of crackers that should be consumed was at least as much 44 gram/day. Key words: catfish's head flour, crackers, calcium content
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Stecco, Alessandro, Francesco Buemi, Martina Quagliozzi, Mariangela Lombardi, Alberto Santagostino, Gian Mauro Sacchetti i Alessandro Carriero. "Staging of Primary Abdominal Lymphomas: Comparison of Whole-Body MRI with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and18F-FDG-PET/CT". Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/104794.
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Background. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted sequences (WB-DW-MRI) with that of18F-FDG-PET/CT in the staging of patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma.Methods. This retrospective study involved 17 untreated patients with primary abdominal gastrointestinal lymphoma. All patients underwent18F-FDG-PET/CT and WB-DW-MRI. Histopathology findings or at least 6 months of clinical and radiological follow-up was the gold standard. The Musshoff-modified Ann Arbor system was used for staging, and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated on a per-node basis.Results. WB-DW-MRI exhibited 100% sensitivity, 96.3% specificity, and 96.1% and 100% positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV and NPV of PET/CT were 95.9%, 100%, and 100% and 96.4%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniquesp=0.05. The weighted kappa agreement statistics with a 95% confidence interval were 0.97 (0.95–0.99) between the two MRI readers and 0.87 (0.82–0.92) between the two methods.Conclusions. WB-DW-MRI appears to have a comparable diagnostic value to18F-FDG-PET/CT in staging patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma.
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Rodrigues, A. S., R. L. L. Brito, R. R. Pinheiro, R. P. Dias, S. M. Alves, T. S. Souza, K. C. Souza i in. "Padronização do Elisa indireto e Western Blot para diagnóstico da artrite-encefalite caprina". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, nr 2 (kwiecień 2014): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-41626303.
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A artrite-encefalite caprina (CAE) é diagnosticada rotineiramente pela técnica de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA), que é considerada pouco sensível. Objetivou-se com este estudo padronizar testes de Elisa-i e Western Blot (WB) para diagnóstico precoce de anticorpos em caprinos contra CAEV e comparar os resultados obtidos nesses testes com a prova de IDGA. Para a padronização dos testes Elisa-i e WB, utilizaram-se diferentes concentrações e diluições de antígeno, soros e conjugado. No Elisa-i, adotaram-se microplacas rígidas com 96 poços, sendo a combinação de concentração de 0,5µg/poço de antígeno e diluições de 1:100 de soro e 1:1500 de conjugado a que apresentou melhor resultado. No WB foram utilizadas membranas de nitrocelulose, definindo-se as diluições de 1:50 de soro e 1:15000 de conjugado. Para avaliar o desempenho das técnicas, 222 amostras de soro caprino foram testadas e os dados obtidos foram comparados com o IDGA. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do Elisa-i/IDGA, WB/IDGA e WB/Elisa-i foram de 70% e 91%, 100% e 72,6%, 84,6% e 76,5%, concomitantemente. O índice Kappa desses testes foi de 0,35, 0,2 e 0,36, respectivamente. As técnicas de Elisa-i e WB apresentaram-se mais sensíveis que a IDGA, podendo ser utilizadas como ferramentas para o diagnóstico precoce da CAE.
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Nino, Jefrianus, Eduardus Y. Neobeni i Claudia S. Nule. "Effect of Smoking Application on the Quality of Local Timor Corn". Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 11, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i2.195-205.
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Corn is one of the most widely cultivated plants in Indonesia and is used as a staple food by several people, especially in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. The way to store corn is done by farmers, namely smoking. Fumigation is done by burning wood in the smoking room (kitchen). Fumigation is carried out with the intention of preserving corn by utilizing a heat source that comes from the smoke from burning wood or other materials. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in water content changes during the smoking process using plant materials and to determine the quality of local Timor corn. Based on the results of the study, the average ambient temperature was 30.43ºC, the average RH was 81.76%, with an average initial moisture content of 18.76% wb was able to reduce the water content of local Timor corn to 11% wb (using Schleicera oleosa), 10.5% wb (Hyptis suaveolens), and 10.2 (Chromolaena odorata), average reducing sugars 0.52% wb, average protein content 7.82% wb, average carbohydrates of 7.59% wb, and average fat of 5.35% wb. Keywords: Corn, Nutrition Value, Smoking, Soluble Solid, Timor
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Wu, Xiao-Long, Xiao-Lin Zhou i Jing Chang. "Structural stability and elastic properties of WB4 under high pressure". International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, nr 16 (23.06.2015): 1550103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215501039.
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A comparative study on the structure stability and elastic properties for various types of tungsten tetraboride ( WB 4) has been carried out with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA) in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). Five types of WB 4 are considered i.e., orthorhombic Immm, Pnnm, Pmmn, monoclinic C2/m and hexagonal P63/mmc structure. Our calculations indicate that the P63/mmc-4u structure of WB 4 is unstable at both ambient and pressure conditions, but the other four types of WB 4 are stable, in agreement with recent theoretical results. By eliminating mechanical calculations, we find that the four types (C2/m, Immm, Pnnm and Pmmn) of WB 4 are potential candidates to be ultra-incompressible and hard materials. Moreover, the WB 4 in C2/m type is the most ultra-incompressible among the considered structures due to its superior mechanical properties, and the P63/mmc-2u structure of WB 4 is not considered to be hard material because of its low hardness. In addition, the calculated B/G ratio exhibits the positive pressure dependence, and four types show brittle nature within 100 GPa.
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Porsch-Özcürümez, Mustafa, Nele Kischel, Heidi Priebe, Wolf Splettstösser, Ernst-Jürgen Finke i Roland Grunow. "Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blotting, Microagglutination, Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay, and Flow Cytometry for Serological Diagnosis of Tularemia". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, nr 6 (listopad 2004): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.6.1008-1015.2004.
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ABSTRACT The serodiagnostic efficiencies of five different approaches to detecting antibodies (immunoglobulins G, A, and M) developed in clinically proven infections with Francisella tularensis have been assessed. Fifty serum samples from patients suffering from tularemia during an outbreak in Sweden were compared with samples from 50 healthy blood donors (controls) by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microagglutination (MA), Western blotting (WB), an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA), and flow cytometry (FC). ELISA, WB, and FC were based on the use of preparations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica (ATCC 29684) as a capture antigen. Whole methanol-fixed bacteria were used for IIFA and MA. Optimized protocols yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% for WB, MA, and FC, 98% for ELISA, and 93% for IIFA. A total of 6,632 serum samples from individuals between the ages of 18 and 79 years, representatively recruited from all regions of Germany, were screened to estimate and confirm the positive predictive value (PVpos) of the ELISA. Serum samples from 15 (0.226%) individuals tested positive for F. tularensis-specific antibodies by ELISA and confirmatory WB. The resulting prevalence-dependent PVpos of 10.2% and specificity of 98.1% were consistent with our findings for tularemia patients and controls. We conclude that the combined usage of a screening ELISA and a confirmatory WB based on LPS as a common antigen, as well as the MA, is a suitable serodiagnostic tool, while the quality of the IIFA is hampered by subjective variations of the results. FC is a promising new approach that might be improved further in terms of multiplex analyses or high-throughput applications.
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Ding, Fangli, Qing Wang, Chen Xie, Meng Wang, Lu Zhang, Ming Gao, Zongling Yang i in. "The impact of mulberry leaf extract at three different levels on reducing the glycemic index of white bread". PLOS ONE 18, nr 8 (10.08.2023): e0288911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288911.
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In this study, the influences of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) addition on the physicochemical properties including the specific volume, texture and sensory features of white bread (WB) were evaluated by the sensory analysis technology. A double-blind, randomised, repeat-measure design was used to study the impact of MLE addition on the postprandial blood glucose response as well as the satiety index of WB. Results showed that the addition of MLE showed no significant effects on the physicochemical properties of WB except for the slight changes of color and bitterness. The addition of MLE significantly reduced the total blood glucose rise after ingestion of WB over 120 minutes, and reduced the GI value of WB in a dose-effect relationship. When the concentration of MLE reached 1.5 g per 100 g available carbohydrate, the GI value of WB could be reduced from 77 to 43. This study provides important information in terms of the appropriateness of MLE when added to more complex real food, the dose-dependent relationship could supply a reference for the application of MLE.
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Babatunde, Oladapo M., Jonathan R. Danoff, David A. Patrick, Jonathan H. Lee, Jonathan K. Kazam i William Macaulay. "The Combination of the Tunnel View and Weight-Bearing Anteroposterior Radiographs Improves the Detection of Knee Arthritis". Arthritis 2016 (26.01.2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9786924.
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Imaging used for the evaluation of knee pain has historically included weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and sunrise radiographs. We wished to evaluate the utility of adding the weight-bearing (WB) posteroanterior (PA) view of the knee in flexion. We hypothesize that (1) the WB tunnel view can detect radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) not visualized on the WB AP, (2) the combination of the AP and tunnel view increases the radiographic detection of OA, and (3) this may provide additional information to the clinician evaluating knee pain. We retrospectively reviewed the WB AP and tunnel view radiographs of 100 knees (74 patients) presenting with knee pain and analyzed for evidence of arthritis. The combination of the WB tunnel view and WB AP significantly increased the detection of joint space narrowing in the lateral (p<0.001) and medial (p=0.006) compartments over the AP view alone. The combined views significantly improved the identification of medial subchondral cysts (p=0.022), sclerosis of the lateral tibial plateau (p=0.041), and moderate-to-large osteophytes in the medial compartment (p=0.012), intercondylar notch (p<0.001), and tibial spine (p<0.001). The WB tunnel view is an effective tool to provide additional information on affected compartments in the painful knee, not provided by the AP image alone.