Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Waveguide gratings

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Waveguide gratings”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Meudt, Maik, Andreas Henkel, Maximilian Buchmüller i Patrick Görrn. "A Theoretical Description of Node-Aligned Resonant Waveguide Gratings". Optics 3, nr 1 (4.03.2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt3010008.

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Waveguide gratings are used for applications such as guided-mode resonance filters and fiber-to-chip couplers. A waveguide grating typically consists of a stack of a single-mode slab waveguide and a grating. The filling factor of the grating with respect to the mode intensity profile can be altered via changing the waveguide’s refractive index. As a result, the propagation length of the mode is slightly sensitive to refractive index changes. Here, we theoretically investigate whether this sensitivity can be increased by using alternative waveguide grating geometries. Using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA), the filling factors of the modes of waveguide gratings supporting more than one mode are simulated. It is observed that both long propagation lengths and large sensitivities with respect to refractive index changes can be achieved by using the intensity nodes of higher-order modes.
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Shibayama, Jun, Junji Yamauchi i Hisamatsu Nakano. "Analysis of Plasmonic Waveguides and Gratings Using Implicit Finite-Difference Methods". Advances in OptoElectronics 2011 (6.09.2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/287284.

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Various metal-insulator-metal- (MIM-) type plasmonic waveguides and gratings are investigated numerically. Three gratings are treated: one is formed by alternately stacking two kinds of MIM waveguides, another by periodic changes in the dielectric insulator materials of an MIM waveguide, and the other by a periodic variation of the air core width in an MIM waveguide. The dispersion property of each MIM waveguide of which the grating consists is analyzed using the implicit Yee-mesh-based beam-propagation method. It is shown that the third one has a relatively large effective index modulation of the guided mode with a simple grating structure, while maintaining a low propagation loss. Further examination is given to modifications of this grating structure. The transmission characteristics are examined using the frequency-dependent implicit locally one-dimensional FDTD method. We discuss how the modified grating structure affects the bandgap of the transmission characteristics.
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Chen, Jian, Ji-Jun Feng, Hai-Peng Liu, Wen-Bin Chen, Jia-Hao Guo, Yang Liao, Jie Shen, Xue-Feng Li, Hui-Liang Huang i Da-Wei Zhang. "Femtosecond Laser Modification of Silica Optical Waveguides for Potential Bragg Gratings Sensing". Materials 15, nr 18 (7.09.2022): 6220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186220.

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The optimum femtosecond laser direct writing of Bragg gratings on silica optical waveguides has been investigated. The silica waveguide has a 6.5 × 6.5 µm2 cross-sectional profile with a 20-µm-thick silicon dioxide cladding layer. Compared with conventional grating inscribed on fiber platforms, the silica planar waveguide circuit can realize a stable performance as well as a high-efficiency coupling with the fiber. A thin waveguide cladding layer also facilitates laser focusing with an improved spherical aberration. Different from the circular fiber core matching with the Gaussian beam profile, a 1030-nm, 400-fs, and 190-nJ laser is optimized to focus on the top surface of the square silica waveguide, and the 3rd-order Bragg gratings are inscribed successfully. A 1.5-mm long uniform Bragg gratings structure with a reflectivity of 90% at a 1548.36-nm wavelength can be obtained. Cascaded Bragg gratings with different periods are also inscribed in the planar waveguide. Different reflection wavelengths can be realized, which shows great potential for wavelength multiplexing-related applications such as optical communications or sensing.
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Gu, Yitong, Ning Wang, Haorui Shang, Fei Yu i Lili Hu. "Investigations on Grating-Enhanced Waveguides for Wide-Angle Light Couplings". Nanomaterials 12, nr 22 (12.11.2022): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223991.

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As a universal physical scheme, effective light couplings to waveguides favor numerous applications. However, the low coupling efficiency at wide angles prohibits this fundamental functionality and thus lowers the performance levels of photonic systems. As previously found, the transmission gratings patterned on waveguide facets could significantly improve the large-angle-inputted efficiency to the order of 10−1. Here, we continue this study with a focus on a common scenario, i.e., a grating-modified waveguide excited by the Gaussian beam. A simplified 2D theoretical model is firstly introduced, proving that the efficiency lineshape could be well flattened by elaborately arranged diffractive gratings. For demonstration, subsequent explorations for proper grating geometries were conducted, and four structural configurations were selected for later full-wave numerical simulations. The last comparison studies showcase that the analytical method approximates the finite element method-based modelings. Both methods highlight grating-empowered coupling efficiencies, being 2.5 bigger than the counterparts of the previously reported seven-ring structure. All in all, our research provides instructions to simulate grating effects on the waveguide’s light-gathering abilities. Together with algorithm-designed coupling structures, it would be of great interest to further benefit real applications, such as bioanalytical instrumentation and quantum photon probes.
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Gao, Xiaoyu, Shengjie Cao, Yongqiu Zheng i Jiandong Bai. "A Compact Fabry–Pérot Acoustic Sensor Based on Silicon Optical Waveguide Bragg Gratings". Photonics 10, nr 8 (25.07.2023): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080861.

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No membranous optical sensors have excellent development prospects in aerospace and other industrial fields due to their small size and anti-electromagnetic interference. Here, we proposed a novel Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity acoustic sensor based on silicon optical waveguide Bragg gratings. The FP cavity consists of two Bragg gratings written on the silicon-based optical waveguide and a miniature air groove. When the sound signal acts on the miniature air groove, the sound pressure changes the density of air molecules near the waveguide grating’s evanescent field, causing variation in the air’s refractive index. This results in a shift in the reflection spectrum of the FP cavity to detect the sound signal. The effects of the grating period, grating pitch quantity, and groove depth of the FP cavity on acoustic sensing were studied. The modelling predicts that the sensing sensitivity could be 0.4 nm/Pa. Theoretically, the compact self-designed acoustic sensor can withstand temperatures above 800 °C. Therefore, it has significant potential applications in precision measurement in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
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Casalboni, M., L. Dominici, V. Foglietti, F. Michelotti, E. Orsini, C. Palazzesi, F. Stella i P. Prosposito. "Bragg Grating Optical Filters by UV Nanoimprinting". Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/186429.

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Results on an optical waveguide filter operating in the near IR region are reported. The device consists of a hybrid sol-gel -based grating loaded waveguide, obtained through the merging of conventional photolithography and UV-nanoimprinting. Starting from submicrometric gratings, fabricated by electron beam lithography, a soft mould has been produced and the original structures were replicated onto sol-gel photosensitive films. A final photolithographic step allowed the production of grating-loaded channel waveguides. The devices were optically characterized by transmission measurements in the telecom range 1450–1590 nm. The filter extinction ratio is −11 dB and the bandwidth is 1.7 nm.
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Čehovski, Marko, Jing Becker, Ouacef Charfi, Hans-Hermann Johannes, Claas Müller i Wolfgang Kowalsky. "Single-Mode Polymer Ridge Waveguide Integration of Organic Thin-Film Laser". Applied Sciences 10, nr 8 (18.04.2020): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082805.

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Organic thin-film lasers (OLAS) are promising optical sources when it comes to flexibility and small-scale manufacturing. These properties are required especially for integrating organic thin-film lasers into single-mode waveguides. Optical sensors based on single-mode ridge waveguide systems, especially for Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) applications, usually need external laser sources, free-space optics, and coupling structures, which suffer from coupling losses and mechanical stabilization problems. In this paper, we report on the first successful integration of organic thin-film lasers directly into polymeric single-mode ridge waveguides forming a monolithic laser device for LoC applications. The integrated waveguide laser is achieved by three production steps: nanoimprint of Bragg gratings onto the waveguide cladding material EpoClad, UV-Lithography of the waveguide core material EpoCore, and thermal evaporation of the OLAS material Alq3:DCM2 on top of the single-mode waveguides and the Bragg grating area. Here, the laser light is analyzed out of the waveguide facet with optical spectroscopy presenting single-mode characteristics even with high pump energy densities. This kind of integrated waveguide laser is very suitable for photonic LoC applications based on intensity and interferometric sensors where single-mode operation is required.
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Soltani, Mohamadreza. "Enhancement of second harmonic generation using a novel asymmetric metal–graphene–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguide". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 27, nr 01 (marzec 2018): 1850003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863518500030.

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Here, we propose a novel plasmonic structure, called asymmetric plasmonic nanocavity grating (APNCG), which is shown to dramatically enhance nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG). The proposed structure consists of two different metals on both sides of lithium niobate and a thin layer of graphene. By using two different metals the nonlinear susceptibility of the waveguide would be increased noticeably causing to increase SHG. On the other hand, it consists of two identical gratings on one side. By two identical gratings, the pump beam is coupled to two opposing SPP waves, which interfere with each other and result in SPP standing wave in the region between the two gratings. The distance between two gratings will be optimized to reach the highest SHG. It will be shown that by optimizing the geometry of proposed structure and using different metals, field enhancement in APNCG waveguides can result in large enhancement of SHG.
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Marzouk, Ibtihel, David Riassetto, Alain Morand, Davide Bucci i Michel Langlet. "Study and Optimization of a Micro-Structured Waveguiding and Fluorescent Sol-Gel Architecture". Molecules 28, nr 12 (7.06.2023): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124608.

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Channel waveguides with diffraction gratings at their input and output for light injection and extraction, respectively, constitute the key components for applications in integrated optics and photonics. Here, we report for the first time on such fluorescent micro-structured architecture entirely elaborated on glass by sol-gel processing. This architecture particularly takes advantage of a high-refractive index and transparent titanium oxide-based, sol-gel photoresist that can be imprinted through a single photolithography step. This resist enabled us to photo-imprint the input and output gratings on a photo-imprinted channel waveguide doped with a ruthenium complex fluorophore (Rudpp). In this paper, the elaboration conditions and optical characterizations of derived architectures are presented and discussed with respect to optical simulations. We firstly show how the optimization of a two-step deposition/insolation sol-gel procedure leads to reproducible and uniform grating/waveguide architectures elaborated on rather large dimensions. Then, we show how this reproducibility and uniformity govern the reliability of fluorescence measurements in waveguiding configuration. These measurements demonstrate that: (i) our sol-gel architecture is well adapted to the efficient channel–waveguide/diffraction grating coupling at the Rudpp excitation and emission wavelengths; (ii) it enables an efficient propagation of the emission signal in the core of the waveguide allowing its photo-detection after extraction through the output grating; and (iii) it is affected by very reduced parasitic mechanisms, such as propagation losses and photobleaching features. This work constitutes a promising preliminary step toward the integration of our architecture in a microfluidic platform for further fluorescence measurements in liquid medium and waveguiding configuration.
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Missinne, Jeroen, Nuria Teigell Benéitez, Marie-Aline Mattelin, Alfredo Lamberti, Geert Luyckx, Wim Van Paepegem i Geert Van Steenberge. "Bragg-Grating-Based Photonic Strain and Temperature Sensor Foils Realized Using Imprinting and Operating at Very Near Infrared Wavelengths". Sensors 18, nr 8 (18.08.2018): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082717.

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Thin and flexible sensor foils are very suitable for unobtrusive integration with mechanical structures and allow monitoring for example strain and temperature while minimally interfering with the operation of those structures. Electrical strain gages have long been used for this purpose, but optical strain sensors based on Bragg gratings are gaining importance because of their improved accuracy, insusceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and multiplexing capability, thereby drastically reducing the amount of interconnection cables required. This paper reports on thin polymer sensor foils that can be used as photonic strain gage or temperature sensors, using several Bragg grating sensors multiplexed in a single polymer waveguide. Compared to commercially available optical fibers with Bragg grating sensors, our planar approach allows fabricating multiple, closely spaced sensors in well-defined directions in the same plane realizing photonic strain gage rosettes. While most of the reported Bragg grating sensors operate around a wavelength of 1550 nm, the sensors in the current paper operate around a wavelength of 850 nm, where the material losses are the lowest. This was accomplished by imprinting gratings with pitches 280 nm, 285 nm, and 290 nm at the core-cladding interface of an imprinted single mode waveguide with cross-sectional dimensions 3 × 3 µm2. We show that it is possible to realize high-quality imprinted single mode waveguides, with gratings, having only a very thin residual layer which is important to limit bend losses or cross-talk with neighboring waveguides. The strain and temperature sensitivity of the Bragg grating sensors was found to be 0.85 pm/µε and −150 pm/°C, respectively. These values correspond well with those of previously reported sensors based on the same materials but operating around 1550 nm, taking into account that sensitivity scales with the wavelength.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Huang, Xuefeng. "Ion implanted optical waveguides and laser ablated Bragg waveguide gratings". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364140.

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Wang, Xu. "Silicon photonic waveguide Bragg gratings". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45687.

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Silicon is the most ubiquitous material in the electronics industry, and is now expected to revolutionize photonics. In just over ten years, silicon photonics has become a key technology for photonic integrated circuits. By taking advantage of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers and the existing complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication infrastructure, silicon photonic chips are now being delivered with low cost and rapidly increasing functionality. This thesis presents the integration of a fundamental optical device - Bragg grating - into SOI waveguides. Various types of waveguides and grating structures have been investigated. All designs are fabricated using CMOS foundry services. We have also explored various applications using the fabricated devices. From the beginning, we focused on strip waveguide uniform gratings, as these are the most simple to design and fabricate. We have studied many design variations, supported by experimental results. In parallel, we have provided insight into practical issues and challenges involved with the design, fabrication, and measurement, such as the lithography effects, thermal sensitivity, and wafer-scale nonuniformity. We then introduce phase-shifted gratings that can achieve very high quality factors and be employed in various applications. We have also demonstrated sampled gratings and the Vernier effect in strip waveguides. To obtain narrow-band gratings, we propose the use of a rib waveguide. We also propose a multi-period grating concept by taking advantage of the multiple sidewalls of the rib waveguide, to increases the design flexibility for custom optical filters. The wafer-scale data shows that rib waveguide gratings have better performance uniformity than strip waveguide gratings, and that the wafer thick- ness variation is critical. Additionally, we have demonstrated very compact Bragg gratings using a spiral rib waveguide. Finally, we demonstrate slot waveguide Bragg gratings and resonators, which has great potential for sensing, modulation, and nonlinear optics. We have also developed a novel biosensor using a slot waveguide phase-shifted grating that has a high sensitivity, a high quality factor, a low limit of detection, and can interrogate specific biomolecular interactions.
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Li, Lifeng. "Application of diffraction grating theory to analysis and fabrication of waveguide gratings". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184388.

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This dissertation includes three separate studies of related waveguide grating phenomena. These studies deal with a numerical improvement of the integral method of diffraction grating theory, the theoretical analysis of waveguide gratings, and fabrication techniques for photoresist grating masks. The first topic addresses the acceleration of the convergence of the integral kernels. To improve the performance of the integral method for calculating diffraction grating efficiencies, the convergence of the integral kernels is studied. A nonlinear sequence transformation, Levin's u-transformation, is successfully applied to accelerate the convergence of the integral kernels. The computer execution time saving is significant. The application details and many numerical examples are given. The second subject is the ray optics theory of waveguide grating analysis. To establish a linkage between the analysis of diffraction gratings and the analysis of waveguide gratings, a new rigorous ray optics theory is developed. It takes into account phase changes on diffraction, multiple diffraction processes, depletion of the incident guided wave, and lateral shifts. A general characteristic equation that determines the waveguide grating attenuation (coupling) coefficient is derived. The symmetry properties of grating diffraction are applied to waveguide grating analysis for the first time. Lateral shifts of optical rays at a periodically corrugated interface similar to the Goos-Haenchen shift at a planar interface are suggested. The third subject is the in situ control of the development of photoresist grating masks. The existing method for monitoring and modeling photoresist grating development are modified and extended to monitoring and modeling photoresist grating mask development. Experimental examples, detailed theoretical considerations, and computer simulations are presented.
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Liu, Qing. "Design and fabrication of long-period waveguide gratings /". access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ee-b19887887a.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.
"Submitted to Department of Electronic Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.
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Koussi, Erieta-Katerina. "Micro patterning of complex Waveguide Resonant Gratings (WRG)". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES027.

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Cette thèse de doctorat intitulée “Micro structuration de Réseaux Résonants complexes” étudie les dispositifs de détection optique, qui impliquent diverses techniques de photolithographie et outils de micro/nanotechnologie pour leur fabrication. Ces dispositifs, dans leur forme classique, consistent en un réseau de diffraction formé de lignes microscopiques gravées périodiquement sur une surface photosensible, qui est déposée sur une couche diélectrique, le guide d'onde. Les deux couches sont supportées sur un substrat. Pour activer les fonctions de détection, le réseau de diffraction doit être extrêmement sélectif, c'est-à-dire qu'il doit avoir la capacité de rejeter toutes les composantes spectrales reçues, en sélectionnant qu’une seule longueur d'onde pour la coupler au guide d'onde. Après le découplage, une réflexion dite résonante liée à sa très grande amplitude et sélectivité spectrale et angulaire se produit. Différents types de composants en fonction de l'application envisagée peuvent être réalisés sur différents types de substrats, matériaux ou géométries (plan, cylindrique). L'un des projets de cette thèse consiste à concevoir des WRG (Waveguide Resonant Gratings) sur les parois intérieures d'un tube pour coupler les modes TE et TM à l’intérieur du guide d’onde. La fabrication est réalisée par un masque de phase radial spécialement conçu, tandis que la fonction optique est mise en évidence en utilisant un miroir conique, capable de réfléchir la lumière de manière isotrope pour l'excitation des modes. De plus, des matériaux innovants peuvent être utilisés pour leur intégration dans des structures résonantes planaires. L'un des matériaux à l'étude est le dioxyde de vanadium (VO2), qui subit respectivement des transitions de phase de premier ordre (isolant vers métal) à basses et hautes températures. La fabrication d'un composé aussi délicat est complétée par deux méthodes de synthèse différentes, le dépôt par laser pulsé et la pulvérisation cathodique magnétron. La capacité d'induire une résonance en déclenchant thermiquement le dispositif est destinée aux applications de sécurité laser afin d'éviter l’endommagement lors d'une surchauffe
This PhD thesis entitled “Micro patterning of complex Waveguide Resonant Gratings (WRG)” studies the optical sensing devices, which involve various photolithography techniques and nanotechnology tools with clean room processes for their fabrication. These devices, in their classic form, consist of a diffraction grating formed by microscopic lines engraved periodically on a photosensitive surface, which is deposited on a dielectric layer, the waveguide. Both layers are supported on a substrate. To enable sensing functions, the diffraction grating must be extremely selective, i.e. it must have the ability to reject all the received spectral components, while selecting only one wavelength to couple it into the waveguide. After the out coupling, a reflection with a very large amplitude and great finesse occurs. Different types of components depending on the intended application can be produced on different types of substrates, materials or geometries (plane, cylindrical).One of the projects of this thesis engineers WRG on the interior walls of a tube to couple TE and TM modes into the waveguide. The fabrication is achieved by a specially designed radial phase mask, whereas the optical function is highlighted by the use of a conical mirror, able to reflect light isotropically for mode excitation. In addition, innovative materials can be used for their integration into flat WRG. One of the materials under study is the Vanadium Dioxide (VO2), which undergoes first-order phase transitions (Insulator to Metal) at low and high temperatures respectively. The fabrication of such a delicate compound is completed by two different synthesis methods, the Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering. The ability to induce resonance by thermally triggering the device is intended for laser safety applications to avoid damage during overheating
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MORIWAKI, Osamu, Ken-ichi SATO, Hiroshi HASEGAWA i Shoji KAKEHASHI. "Formulation of Waveguide Connection for Waveband MUX/DEMUX Using Concatenated Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings". Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14992.

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Gargallo, Jaquotot Bernardo Andrés. "Advanced arrayed waveguide gratings: models, design strategies and experimental demonstration". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/74646.

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[EN] The present PhD thesis deals on the model, design and experimental demonstration of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) with advanced features. Firstly, building upon existing AWG formulations, design equations are provided, libraries developed and all this is experimentally validated with devices in Indium Phosphide (InP) and Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies. Next, a model and experimental validation is reported for an Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), which is able to process optical signals as WDM demultiplexer, polarization splitter and phase diversity component all in a single device. This device was fabricated and tested in InP technology. The second innovative AWG demonstrated in this thesis, a Reflective type (R-AWG), whose layout allows for tailoring the pass-band shape and to change the spectral resolution. A demonstration of design and fabrication for this device is provided in SOI technology. The last AWG with innovative concepts is one driven by Surface Acoustic Waves (AWG-SAW), where the spectral channels can be tuned by means of acousto-optic effect. The device was fabricated in Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) technology, and measurements are provided to validate the concept and design flow. In parallel this thesis has resulted in the development of different AWG layouts for a wide number of (generic) technologies and foundries, coded into design libraries, of use in a de-facto standard software employed for the design of photonic integrated circuits. These design libraries have been licensed to the UPV spin-off company VLC Photonics S.L.
[ES] La presente tesis se ha centrado en el modelado, diseño y demostración experimental del dispositivo Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) con funcionalidades avanzadas. Primero, usando la formulación existente sobre AWGs se aportan ecuaciones y librerías de diseño, y se validan experimentalmente por medio de dispositivos fabricados en tecnologías de Indium Phosphide (InP) y Silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Después, se reporta un modelo y demostración experimental para un Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), el cual es capaz de procesar señales ópticas como demultiplexor WDM, divisor de polarización y componente de diversidad de fase en un único dispositivo. Este dispositivo fue fabricado y probado en tecnología de InP. El segundo AWG innovador demostrado en esta tesis es de tipo Reflectante (R-AWG), cuyo diseño permite modificar la forma espectral del canal y cambiar su resolución espectral, incluyendo una demostración de diseño y fabricación de este dispositivo en tecnología de SOI. El último AWG que incluye conceptos innovadores es uno sintonizable por Acoustic Waves (AWGSAW), donde los canales espectrales pueden ser sintonizados por medio del efecto acusto-óptico. Dicho dispositivo fue fabricado en tecnología de Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), y se han incluido medidas experimentales para validar el concepto y el flujo de diseño. En paralelo junto con esta tesis se han desarrollado diferentes diseños para el AWG en un amplio número de tecnologías (genéricas) y plataformas de fabricación, implementadas en unas librerías de diseño para uno de los softwares m¿as utilizados para el diseño de circuitos integrados ópticos, siendo actualmente el estándar de facto. Dichas librerías de diseño han sido licenciadas a la compañía VLC Photonics S.L., spin-off de la UPV.
[CAT] La present tesi ha estat centrada en el modelatge, disseny i demostració experimental del dispositiu Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) amb funcionalitats avançades. Primer, usant la formulació existent sobre AWGs s'aporten equacions i llibreries de disseny, i es validen experimentalment per mitjà de dispositius fabricats en tecnologies de Indium Phosphide (InP) i Silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Després, es reporta un model i demostració experimental per a un Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), el qual és capaç de processar senyals òptiques com demultiplexor WDM, divisor de polarització i component de diversitat de fase en un únic dispositiu. Aquest dispositiu va ser fabricat i provat en tecnologia de InP. El segon AWG innovador demostrat en aquesta tesi és de tipus Reflector (R-AWG), amb un disseny que permet modificar la forma espectral del canal i canviar la seua resolució espectral, incloent una demostració de disseny i fabricació d'aquest dispositiu en tecnologia de SOI. L'últim AWG que inclou conceptes innovadors és un sintonitzable per Acoustic Waves (AWG-SAW), on els canals espectrals poden ser sintonitzats per mitjà de l'efecte acusto-òptic. Aquest dispositiu va ser fabricat en tecnologia de Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), i s'han inclòs mesures experimentals per validar el concepte i el flux de disseny. En paral.lel juntament amb aquesta tesi s'han desenvolupat diferents dissenys per al AWG en un ampli nombre de tecnologies (genèriques) i plataformes de fabricació, implementades en unes llibreries de disseny per a un dels programaris més utilitzats per al disseny de circuits integrats òptics, sent actualment l'estàndard de facto. Aquestes llibreries de disseny han estat llicenciades a la companyia VLC Photonics S.L., spin-off de la UPV.
Gargallo Jaquotot, BA. (2016). Advanced arrayed waveguide gratings: models, design strategies and experimental demonstration [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/74646
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Li, Weizhuo. "Wavelength Multiplexing of MEMS Pressure and Temperature Sensors Using Fiber Bragg Gratings and Arrayed Waveguide Gratings". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123972586.

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Tsalamanis, Ioannis. "Applications of arrayed waveguide gratings in future hybrid access network topologies". Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435595.

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Rogers, Helen L. "Direct UV-written Bragg gratings for waveguide characterisation and advanced applications". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/352169/.

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Direct UV writing is an established fabrication technique allowing channel waveguides and photonic circuits to be defined in a photosensitive glass via an inscription method. A related technique, direct grating writing, enables Bragg grating structures to be defined in an interferometric dual beam set up, with definition of Bragg grating planes achieved via the periodic modulation of the interference pattern between the beams. A decade of prior work investigating the technique has led to devices for use in sensing, telecommunications, lasing and amplification applications. A requirement for greater understanding of the propagation characteristics of the waveguides has been identified, in order to maximise the effciency and effectiveness of these devices. In this thesis, a propagation loss measurement technique and a wavelength-dependent dispersion measurement technique are presented. Both depend on the presence of integrated Bragg grating structures which enable the propagation characteristics of the waveguides to be investigated. The loss measurement technique involves measurement of the Bragg grating strength, whilst the dispersion measurement technique enables the effective refractive index of the waveguide to be inferred from a measurement of reflected central grating wavelength. Applications of both techniques in a variety of situations have been investigated, with devices fabricated for use in quantum technologies and cold matter experiments amongst those produced.
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Książki na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Ng, Sandy. Ultrafast laser written bulk waveguides and gratings. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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A, Sawchuk Alexander, i Optical Society of America, red. Bragg gratings, photosensitivity, and poling in glass waveguides. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 2001.

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America, Optical Society of, red. Bragg gratings, photosensitivity, and poling in glass waveguides: From the topical meeting on bragg gratings, photosensitivity, and poling in glass waveguides, September 23-25, 1999, Stuart, Florida. Washington, D.C: Optical Society of America, 2000.

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Chen, Eddy G. 157-nm radiation induced bragg gratings in silica optical waveguides. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Gorton, Patricia Jane. A study of waveguides and gratings for achieving 10.6m DBR. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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America, Optical Society of, American Ceramic Society, American Ceramic Society. Glass and Optical Materials Division. Meeting i International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (12th : 1997 : Williamsburg, Va.), red. Bragg gratings, photosensitivity, and poling in glass fibers and waveguides: Applications and fundamentals : technical digest, October 26-28, 1997, Williamsburg Marriott, Williamsburg, Virginia. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1997.

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SeyringerChen, Dana. Arrayed Waveguide Gratings. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2242852.

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Lin, C. W., N. F. Chiu i C. C. Chang. Modulation design of plasmonics for diagnostic and drug screening. Redaktorzy A. V. Narlikar i Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.18.

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This article discusses the modulation design of plasmonics for diagnosis and drug screening applications. It begins with an overview of the advances made in terms of theoretical insights, focusing on the origins of surface plasmon wave and manipulation, admittance loci design method, and surface plasmon grating coupled emission. It then considers how prism coupler, Ge-doped silica waveguide, nanograting and active plasmonics can trigger the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It also examines the metallic effect of long-range surface plasmon resonance and conducting metal oxide as adhesive layer before describing three SPR waveguide biosensors that were developed for the realization of a hand-held SPR system. In particular, it presents a lateral-flow microfluidic channel based on a nitrocellulose membrane and integrated with a SPR waveguide biosensor to achieve dynamic detection. Finally, the article evaluates the biomolecular layer effect, with emphasis on kinetics analysis of antibody binding.
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Bragg gratings photosensitivity and poling in glass waveguides: Postconference digest. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 2004.

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Optical Society of America. Bragg Gratings Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides: Postconference Digest. Optical Society of America, 2003.

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Części książek na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Koshiba, Masanori. "Optical Gratings". W Optical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method, 161–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1634-3_6.

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Parriaux, Olivier, Vladimir A. Sychugov i Alexander V. Tishchenko. "Waveguide Coupling Gratings: Attractive Features and Dangerous Pitfalls". W Guided-Wave Optoelectronics, 333–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1039-4_41.

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Andersson, J. Y., i L. Lundqvist. "Coupling of Radiation into Quantum Well Infrared Detectors by the Use of Reflection Gratings and Waveguide Structures". W NATO ASI Series, 1–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3346-7_1.

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Agranovich, V. M., i T. A. Leskova. "Decay of Exciton Gratings in Anthracene: Anisotropy of Lowest Exciton Bands and Coexistence of Longpath and Shortpath Waveguide Modes". W Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, 145–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3726-7_22.

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Kroker, Stefanie, i Thomas Siefke. "Resonant Waveguide Grating Structures". W Optical Characterization of Thin Solid Films, 341–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75325-6_12.

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Zhang, Haibin, i Peter R. Herman. "3D Bragg Grating Waveguide Devices". W Topics in Applied Physics, 227–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23366-1_9.

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Fang, Ye. "Resonant Waveguide Grating Biosensor for Microarrays". W Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, 27–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02827-4_2.

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Bao, Gang, i Kai Huang. "Optimal Design of Waveguide-Grating Resonances". W Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation WAVES 2003, 830–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55856-6_135.

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Kaminow, Ivan P. "Waveguide Grating Router Components for WDM Networks". W Guided-Wave Optoelectronics, 297–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1039-4_37.

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Wu, Meng, i Min Li. "Resonant Waveguide Grating for Monitoring Biomolecular Interactions". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 139–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2425-7_8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Moss, D., F. Ouellette, M. Faith, P. Leech, P. Kemeny, M. Ibsen, O. Leistiko, C. V. Poulsen, J. D. Love i F. J. Ladouceur. "All Optically Written Planar Germanosilicate Waveguide Gratings". W Photosensitivity and Quadratic Nonlinearity in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pqn.1995.sub.8.

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Photo-induced index changes in germanosilicate glass is a well known effect and has provided the basis for much recent activity on photoinduced refractive index gratings in fibres1. Since then, very large (>10-3) index changes in hydrogen loaded waveguide structures have been observed and used as the basis for patterning channel waveguides2 and directional couplers3. Recently, we have demonstrated waveguide structures patterned in PECVD grown material without the aid of hydrogen loading4,5, and in this paper we report the fabrication of all optically patterned buried waveguide grating structures, again without the aid of hydrogen loading. This demonstrates that the achievable index changes (without hydrogen loading) in this material is large enough to simultaneously support both waveguide and grating structures. The elimination of hydrogen loading is an important practical issue because, unlike fibres, planar waveguides need anomalously large overcladding layers to prevent rapid out diffusion of hydrogen during writing.
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Hartman, Nile F., i Elizabeth Twyford. "Electro-optically controlled waveguide grating switch". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuz1.

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An optical switch based on thick phase-reflective gratings and optical waveguides has been designed and tested. As a switch, the device offers both speed and high isolation. The switching mechanism relies on modulation of the grating diffraction efficiency by locally varying the average refractive index within the grating region of the waveguide. Electro-optic modulation of holographic phase gratings recorded in bulk LiNbO3 has been demonstrated previously.1 The performance of the bulk device, however, encounters severe limitations that are overcome by the waveguide design. In the waveguide configuration, gratings with thicknesses of more than 100 m can be fabricated. These gratings are capable of 100% diffraction efficiency and exhibit spectral bandwidths of only a few angstroms. The diffraction efficiency of such gratings is easily varied by addressing with a tunable narrow-spectral-bandwidth source or, alternatively, by locally varying the average refractive index within the grating region. The latter requires index differences of only 10−410−3. The experimental device described in this presentation used LiNbO3 and the linear electro-optic effect, although other active and passive mediums may be used. In addition to switching elements, modulators and grating based logic elements have also been designed.
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Ul Haq, Tanveer, Kevin J. Webb i Neal C. Gallagher. "Aperiodic Grating for TE02 to TE01 Conversion in a Highly Overmoded Circular Waveguide". W Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.1995.rtuc2.

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Periodic gratings have frequently been used for conversion of modes in highly overmoded circular waveguides [1, 2, 3]. These gratings are formed by periodically varying the waveguide radius resulting in a rippled wall structure and are usually analyzed by coupled mode theory. Very high efficiencies have been reported for these gratings but their lengths remain large compared to the waveguide transverse dimension. Various techniques have been implemented to optimize the length of these gratings [3, 4, 5], but the overall conversion length remains limited by the grating period, δ = 2π/|β m – β n |, where β m and β n are the propagation constants for the input and the output modes. The smallest conversion length reported for a TE02 to TE01 mode converter at 60 GHz is equal to one grating period [4]. This converter was designed for a highly overmoded waveguide with a diameter of 2.771 cm using the coupled mode equations. The efficiency reported for this converter is 97.6%.
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Sun, Hao, i Lawrence R. Chen. "Polarization Independent Waveguide Bragg Gratings using Tilted Subwavelength Grating Waveguides". W CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jw3b.14.

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We propose and demonstrate polarization independent Bragg gratings using tilted subwavelength grating waveguides. In particular, by controlling the tile angle, we can make the Bragg wavelengths of the fundamental transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes the same.
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Lin, Freddie. "Multiplexed holographic optical waveguide interconnects". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.me2.

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Multiplexed volume holograms have been realized in optical single-mode waveguides. This technology can be applied to optical interconnects and has many other applications. In addition, devices or systems based on this technology can be realized in a compact and rugged configuration. This presentation provides this technology's basic components, experimental results, and potential uses. Volume holographic materials can be implanted in low-loss optical waveguides in such a way that numerous multiplexed gratings can be fabricated in the same volume. The number of multiplexed channels (related through the Bragg selectivity) and the grating storage (i.e., number of recorded gratings) are limited by the interaction length (T) between hologram and the guided waves rather than the physical thickness of the holographic emulsion (t), where T ≫ t. The combination of multiplexed waveguide grating coupler and multiplexed waveguide holograms has the ability to couple light from free space into several guided waves in the waveguide and then split each of these guided waves in arbitrary directions. This allows the compact packaging of opto-electronics chip planes and optical interconnect planes. Their applications include clock distribution networks, global interchip interconnects, and backplane optical interconnects.
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Taglietti, Bruno, Hao Sun, Sehr Moosabhoy i Lawrence R. Chen. "Random Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Bragg Gratings". W 2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipc53466.2022.9975633.

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Wang, S. S., Robert Magnusson, J. S. Bagby i M. G. Moharam. "Waveguide mode-induced resonances in planar diffraction gratings". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tull4.

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The rigorous coupled wave theory can be used to describe accurately all physical phenomena associated with diffraction gratings. In this paper a planar diffraction grating with the average dielectric constant larger than that of the surrounding space is treated. In particular, the resonance behavior of the diffracted fields in this structure is studied. As the grating thickness or the incident angle are varied, it is shown that waveguide modes are excited. These modes can cause rapid variations in the intensities of the external propagating diffracted waves. For weakly modulated, relatively thin gratings, the ordinary waveguide eigenvalue equation accurately predicts the occurrence of the resonances. As the modulation or waveguide thickness increases, deviations arise.
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Magnusson, R., i S. S. Wang. "Filter Properties of Dielectric Waveguide Gratings". W Difraction Optics: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/do.1992.md4.

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By using an exact electromagnetic model (rigorous coupled-wave theory) to analyze periodic dielectric waveguides, sharp resonance phenomena where 100% switching of light energy between waves occurs over small parameter ranges have been discovered.1 Physically, this is due to coupling of external diffracted fields with the modes of the waveguide. Several interesting applications and devices based on this resonance effect can be envisioned. For example, efficient, low-power switching elements appear to be feasible using this concept. Lossless spectral filters (static and tunable) with arbitrarily narrow, controllable linewidth may also be feasible. Using a high spatial frequency dielectric waveguide grating may lead to 100% reflective narrow-band spectrally selective mirrors. These elements can then be used to line-narrow lasers in bulk systems and possibly in integrated optics. Improved thin-film structures and high-precision sensor applications may also be feasible.
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Bao, Yufei, C. M. Verber i Yuanning Weng. "Control of mode-index modulation of a TIPE grating by multistep proton exchange". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.wy.3.

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TIPE gratings intended for integrated optical tapped delay lines have been fabricated in z-cut lithium niobate planar waveguides. The effective mode index modulation of TIPE gratings was enhanced by multi-step proton exchange process. In the first step, the ThLiNbO3 waveguide covered with grating mask was emerged in pure benzoic acid for 6 minutes. Next, the waveguide without grating mask was proton exchanged under the same condition for 4 minutes. This process was done several times until the desired diffraction efficiency was obtained. At the wavelength of 0.63 micron, the diffraction efficienct of a 2 micron period 1 mm X1 mm TIPE rating was about 40% after the first step proton exchange, and was increased to over 80% after the second step proton exchange of 4 minutes. The diffract on efficiency at 1.06 micron wavelength was increased from about 2% to about 80% after 20 minute planar proton exchange. Multiple step proton exchange is an easy, practical, and effective approach to control the diffraction efficiency of TIPE waveguide gratings.
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Steijn, Kirk W., Joseph E. Marchegiano i Bruce L. Booth. "Bragg gratings in photopolymer buried-channel waveguides". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tull6.

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Grating structures will be key elements of high density wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) communications systems. A recently developed acrylate photopolymer waveguide technology, referred to as Polyguide,1,2 has the ability to combine in a single material system both high quality single-mode waveguides3 and thick Bragg grating structures.4 We have investigated the performance of microgratings in buried single-mode guides for WDM applications in this polymer system. Gratings are created holographically using an argon-ion laser, with size and position determined by a photolithographic mask. Grating lengths of 25-250 µm have been fabricated in a variety of device structures.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Waveguide gratings"

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Wang, Te-Hui, i Tatsuo Itoh. Confirmation of Slow-Waves in a Crosstie Overlay Coplanar Waveguide and Its Application to Band-Reject Gratings and Reflectors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194981.

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Chang-Hasnain, Constance, Ming Wu i Eli Yablonovitch. Ultra-Low Loss, Chip-Based Hollow-Core Waveguide Using High-Contrast Grating. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554981.

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