Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Wavefront

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Wavefront”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 24 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Wavefront"

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Drew, Patrick J., i Daniel E. Feldman. "Representation of Moving Wavefronts of Whisker Deflection in Rat Somatosensory Cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology 98, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 1566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00056.2007.

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Rats rhythmically sweep their whiskers over object features, generating sequential deflections of whisker arcs. Such moving wavefronts of whisker deflection are likely to be fundamental elements of natural somatosensory input. To determine how moving wavefronts are represented in somatosensory cortex (S1), we measured single- and multiunit neural responses in S1 of anesthetized rats to moving wavefronts applied through a piezoelectric whisker deflector array. Wavefronts consisted of sequential deflections of individual whisker arcs, which moved progressively across the whisker array. Starting position (starting arc), direction, and velocity of wavefronts were varied. Neurons responded strongly only when wavefront starting position included their principal whisker (PW). When wavefronts started at neighboring positions and swept through the PW, responses to the PW arc were suppressed by ≤95%, and responses over the entire wavefront duration were suppressed by ≤60% compared with wavefronts that initiated with the PW. Suppression occurred with interarc deflection delays of ≥5 ms, was maximal at 20 ms, and recovered within 100–200 ms. Suppression of PW arc responses during wavefronts was largely independent of wavefront direction. However, layer 2/3 neurons showed direction selectivity for responses to the entire wavefront (the entire sequence of SW and PW arc deflection). Wavefront direction selectivity was correlated with receptive field somatotopy and reflected differential responses to the specific SWs that were deflected first in a wavefront. These results indicate that suppressive interwhisker interactions shape responses to wavefronts, resulting in increased salience of wavefront starting position, and, in some neurons, preference for wavefront direction.
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Qiu, Xuejing, Tao Cheng, Lingxi Kong, Shuai Wang i Bing Xu. "A Single Far-Field Deep Learning Adaptive Optics System Based on Four-Quadrant Discrete Phase Modulation". Sensors 20, nr 18 (8.09.2020): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185106.

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In adaptive optics (AO), multiple different incident wavefronts correspond to a same far-field intensity distribution, which leads to a many-to-one mapping. To solve this problem, a single far-field deep learning adaptive optics system based on four-quadrant discrete phase modulation (FQDPM) is proposed. Our method performs FQDPM on an incident wavefront to overcome this many-to-one mapping, then convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to directly predict the wavefront. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method can achieve precise high-speed wavefront correction with a single far-field intensity distribution: it takes nearly 0.6ms to complete wavefront correction while the mean root mean square (RMS) of residual wavefronts is 6.3% of that of incident wavefronts, and the Strehl ratio of the far-field intensity distribution increases by 5.7 times after correction. In addition, the experiment results show that mean RMS of residual wavefronts is 6.5% of that of incident wavefronts and it takes nearly 0.5 ms to finish wavefront reconstruction, which verifies the correctness of our proposed method.
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Zhao, Mengmeng, Wang Zhao, Kangjian Yang, Shuai Wang, Ping Yang, Fengjiao Zeng, Lingxi Kong i Chao Yang. "Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensing Based on Four-Quadrant Binary Phase Modulation". Photonics 9, nr 8 (16.08.2022): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080575.

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Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for the conventional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to achieve high-precision wavefront reconstruction with low spatial sampling, a kind of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing technology based on four-quadrant binary phase modulation is proposed in this paper. By introducing four-quadrant binary phase modulation into each subaperture, the technology is able to use an optimization algorithm to reconstruct wavefronts with high precision. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified at extreme low spatial frequency by a series of numerical simulations, which show that the proposed method can reliably reconstruct wavefronts with high accuracy with rather low spatial sampling. In addition, the experiment demonstrates that with a 2 × 2 microlens array, the four-quadrant binary phase-modulated Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is able to achieve approximately 54% reduction in wavefront reconstitution error over the conventional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor.
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PRASAD, PHOOLAN, i K. SANGEETA. "Numerical simulation of converging nonlinear wavefronts". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 385 (25.04.1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003310.

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The propagation of a two-dimensional weakly nonlinear wavefront into a polytropic gas in a uniform state and at rest has been studied. Successive positions of the wavefront and the distribution of amplitude on it are obtained by solving a system of conservation forms of the equations of weakly nonlinear ray theory (WNLRT) using a TVB scheme based on the Lax–Friedrichs flux. The predictions of the WNLRT are found to be qualitatively quite different from the predictions of the linear theory. The linear wavefronts leading to the formation of caustics are replaced by nonlinear wavefronts with kinks. By varying the initial shape of the wavefront and the amplitude distribution on it, the formation and separation of kinks on the wavefront has been studied.
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Zabotin, Nikolay A., Oleg A. Godin, Paul C. Sava i Liudmila Y. Zabotina. "Tracing Three-Dimensional Acoustic Wavefronts in Inhomogeneous, Moving Media". Journal of Computational Acoustics 22, nr 02 (17.04.2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x14500027.

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We present a numerical implementation of an alternative formulation of the geometrical, or ray, acoustics, where wavefronts rather than rays are the primary objects. Rays are recovered as a by-product of wavefront tracing. The alternative formulation of the geometrical acoustics is motivated, first, by the observation that wavefronts are often more stable than rays at long-range sound propagation, and, second, by a need for computationally efficient modeling of high-frequency acoustic fields in three-dimensionally inhomogeneous, moving or motionless fluids. Wavefronts are found as a finite-difference solution to a system of partial differential equations, which is equivalent to the eikonal equation and is a direct implementation of the intuitive Huygens' wavefront construction. The finite-difference algorithm is an extension of the approach originally developed in the framework of an open source Madagascar project. Benchmark problems, which admit exact, analytic solutions of the eikonal equation, are formulated and utilized to verify the finite-difference wavefront tracing algorithm. Huygens' wavefront tracing (HWT) is applied to modeling sound propagation in three-dimensionally inhomogeneous ocean and atmosphere.
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Malek, Stephanie C., Adam C. Overvig, Sajan Shrestha i Nanfang Yu. "Active nonlocal metasurfaces". Nanophotonics 10, nr 1 (24.09.2020): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0375.

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AbstractActively tunable and reconfigurable wavefront shaping by optical metasurfaces poses a significant technical challenge often requiring unconventional materials engineering and nanofabrication. Most wavefront-shaping metasurfaces can be considered “local” in that their operation depends on the responses of individual meta-units. In contrast, “nonlocal” metasurfaces function based on the modes supported by many adjacent meta-units, resulting in sharp spectral features but typically no spatial control of the outgoing wavefront. Recently, nonlocal metasurfaces based on quasi-bound states in the continuum have been shown to produce designer wavefronts only across the narrow bandwidth of the supported Fano resonance. Here, we leverage the enhanced light-matter interactions associated with sharp Fano resonances to explore the active modulation of optical spectra and wavefronts by refractive-index tuning and mechanical stretching. We experimentally demonstrate proof-of-principle thermo-optically tuned nonlocal metasurfaces made of silicon and numerically demonstrate nonlocal metasurfaces that thermo-optically switch between distinct wavefront shapes. This meta-optics platform for thermally reconfigurable wavefront shaping requires neither unusual materials and fabrication nor active control of individual meta-units.
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Lee, Beom-Ryeol, José Gil Marichal-Hernández, José Manuel Rodríguez-Ramos, Wook-Ho Son, Sunghee Hong i Jung-Young Son. "Wavefront Characteristics of a Digital Holographic Optical Element". Micromachines 14, nr 6 (10.06.2023): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061229.

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In this study, a 50 × 50 mm holographic optical element (HOE) with the property of a spherical mirror was recorded digitally on a silver halide photoplate using a wavefront printing method. It consisted of 51 × 96 hologram spots with each spot measuring 0.98 × 0.52 mm. The wavefronts and optical performance of the HOE were compared with those of reconstructed images from a point hologram displayed on DMDs of different pixel structures. The same comparison was also performed with an analog-type HOE for a heads-up display and with a spherical mirror. A Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor was used to measure the wavefronts of the diffracted beams from the digital HOE and the holograms as well as the reflected beam from the analog HOE and the mirror when a collimated beam was incident on them. These comparisons revealed that the digital HOE could perform as a spherical mirror, but they also revealed astigmatism—as in the reconstructed images from the holograms on DMDs—and that its focusability was worse than that of the analog HOE and the spherical mirror. A phase map, i.e., the polar coordinate-type presentation of the wavefront, could visualize the wavefront distortions more clearly than the reconstructed wavefronts obtained using Zernike polynomials. The phase map revealed that the wavefront of the digital HOE was more distorted than those of the analog HOE and the spherical mirror.
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Faria-Ribeiro, Miguel, José Manuel González-Méijome, Maria Isabel Pinho Ferreira, Anabela Ferreira Morais-Borges i José Salgado-Borges. "Analysis of Wavefront Data Obtained With a Pyramidal Sensor in Pseudophakic Eyes Implanted With Diffractive Intraocular Lenses". Journal of Refractive Surgery 39, nr 7 (lipiec 2023): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081597x-20230523-01.

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Purpose: To investigate the clinical validity of using wavefront measurements obtained with a recently available pyramidal aberrometer to assess the optical quality of eyes implanted with diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: Individual biometric data were used to create models of pseudophakic eyes implanted with two diffractive IOLs. Their synthetic wavefronts were calculated by ray-tracing with near infrared wavelength (0.85 μm). Comparisons of the through-focus visual acuity of 12 pseudophakic eyes were obtained with three different methods: clinical defocus curves; simulated defocus curves calculated from ray-tracing in the customized model eyes; and through-focus simulated defocus curves calculated from the wavefront data measured with a pyramidal aberrometer. Results: Image quality calculated from wavefront data obtained by ray-tracing with 0.85 μm wavelength, without scaling the phase to 0.55 μm, resulted in a significantly different through-focus curve compared to the reference values. Even so, after scaling of the wavefront data to 0.55 μm, the defocus curves calculated from the wavefronts measured with the pyramidal aberrometer did not match the shape and the depth of field of the clinical defocus curves or the theoretical expected values. Conclusions: Correcting for the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye when measuring the wavefront of eyes implanted with diffractive IOLs under near infrared light only accounts for the best focus shift due to the longitudinal chromatic aberration, but not for the wavelength dependence of the diffractive element. The pyramidal sensor does not seem to properly sample the slopes of a wavefront measured from a pseudophakic eye implanted with a presbyopia-correcting diffractive IOL to a clinically acceptable level. [ J Refract Surg . 2023;39(7):438–444.]
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Deng, Yangchun, Junlei Zhao, Yun Dai i Yudong Zhang. "Simultaneous quantification of longitudinal and transverse ocular chromatic aberrations with Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor". Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 11, nr 04 (lipiec 2018): 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545818500219.

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A simple method to objectively and simultaneously measure eye’s longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations was proposed. A dual-wavelength wavefront measurement system using two Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensors was developed. The wavefronts of the red (639.1[Formula: see text]nm) and near-infrared (786.0[Formula: see text]nm) lights were measured simultaneously for different positions in the model eye. The chromatic wavefronts were converted into Zernike polynomials. The Zernike tilt coefficient (first term) was used to calculate the transverse chromatic aberration along the [Formula: see text]-direction, while the Zernike defocus coefficient (fourth term) was used to calculate the longitudinal chromatic aberration. The measurement and simulation data were consistent.
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Meng, Yunlong, Xinyu Shen, Junyang Xie, Yao Peng, Xiaowen Shao, Feng Yan i Cheng Yang. "One-Dimensional High-Resolution Wavefront Sensor Enabled by Subwavelength Compound Gratings". Photonics 10, nr 4 (7.04.2023): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040420.

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Angle sensors are widely used for wavefront measurements, which is attributed to their integration and robustness. Currently, commercial sensors are available with pixel sizes in the order of wavelengths. However, the spatial resolution of angle sensors still lags far behind. Here, we report a one-dimensional, high-resolution wavefront sensor. It was produced by introducing subwavelength compound gratings above the pixels. The gratings involved could be replaced by the sensor’s intrinsic readout circuitry without additional operation. The experimental results showed that it had a spatial resolution of 1.4 µm, two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. The significant increase in spatial resolution enables angle sensors to reconstruct complex wavefronts accurately.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Wavefront"

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FREISCHLAD, KLAUS REINHARD. "WAVEFRONT SENSING BY HETERODYNE SHEARING INTERFEROMETRY (WAVEFRONT RECONSTRUCTION)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183952.

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The operation of a grating lateral shear heterodyne interferometer as a wavefront sensor for atmospherically perturbed wavefronts is analyzed. A novel wavefront sensor design is given and its feasibility is proven by laboratory experiments. The applications in mind are closed-loop active optical systems for compensating atmospheric perturbations and open-loop atmospheric wavefront measuring device. The optical properties of the turbulent atmosphere are summed up and the resulting wavefront sensor requirements are given. Among them are the property of sell-referencing, high white light efficiency, independence of scintillation effects, and high spatial and temporal sampling rates. Then the general heterodyne grating shearing interferometer is introduced. A description of the phase measurement by the heterodyne process in the frequency domain has been derived. The heterodyne process is interpreted as convolutions of the signal with a pair of filter functions, which isolate a particular harmonic term of the signal and provide its phase. The representation of the convolutions in the frequency domain provides an elegant way to analyse the systematic errors of the heterodyning with general, non-sinusoidal signals. Also the random phase errors of the heterodyne process have been determined using Gaussian error propagation. An algorithm is derived to carry out the wavefront reconstructions from the measured differences on a square array of discrete data points. It is based on a modal expansion in complex exponentials, leading to a simple filtering operation in the spatial frequency domain. The algorithm provides unbiased reconstructions over the finite data set. It has minimal error propagation in a least squares sense. It is computationally efficient in that the number of operations required for a reconstruction is approximately proportional to the number of wavefront points, if a Fast-Fourier-Transform algorithm is used. Finally, a compact wavefront sensor design is described fulfilling the requirements posed by the turbulent atmosphere. It determines wavefronts at 24 by 24 points at a sampling rate of 60 Hz. A rms-wavefront error of better than λ/20 can be achieved with astronomical light sources of sixth stellar magnitude. Laboratory experiments proved the feasibility of the design.
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Mahajan, Virendra N., i Eva Acosta. "Wavefront analysis from its slope data". SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626489.

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In the aberration analysis of a wavefront over a certain domain, the polynomials that are orthogonal over and represent balanced wave aberrations for this domain are used. For example, Zernike circle polynomials are used for the analysis of a circular wavefront. Similarly, the annular polynomials are used to analyze the annular wavefronts for systems with annular pupils, as in a rotationally symmetric two-mirror system, such as the Hubble space telescope. However, when the data available for analysis are the slopes of a wavefront, as, for example, in a Shack-Hartmann sensor, we can integrate the slope data to obtain the wavefront data, and then use the orthogonal polynomials to obtain the aberration coefficients. An alternative is to find vector functions that are orthogonal to the gradients of the wavefront polynomials, and obtain the aberration coefficients directly as the inner products of these functions with the slope data. In this paper, we show that an infinite number of vector functions can be obtained in this manner. We show further that the vector functions that are irrotational are unique and propagate minimum uncorrelated additive random noise from the slope data to the aberration coefficients.
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Lundström, Linda. "Wavefront Aberrations and Peripheral Vision". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4385.

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Failing eyesight causes a dramatic change in life. The aim of this project is to help people with large central visual field loss to better utilize their remaining vision. Central visual field loss means that the person has to rely on peripheral vision since the direct vision is lost, often due to a dysfunctional macula. In these cases, a full restoration of vision would require replacement or repair of the damaged retinal tissue, which is not yet possible. Instead, the present study seeks to improve peripheral vision by enhancing the image quality on the remaining functional part of the retina by optical corrections. The off-axis optics of the human eye often suffers from large optical errors, which together with the lower sampling density of the retina explain the limited visual function in the periphery. The dominating aberrations are field curvature and oblique astigmatism, which induce an effective eccentric refractive error. However, the irregular character of the aberrations and the limited neural function in the periphery will make it difficult to find the optimal refractive correction; the conventional subjective refraction, for example, is not suitable for subjects with large central visual field loss. Within the work of this thesis a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor has been constructed for oblique aberration measurements. Wavefront sensing is an objective method to assess detailed information about the optical errors in the human eye. Theory and methods have been developed to allow accurate off-axis measurements of the large aberrations, enable eccentric fixation, and handle the elliptical pupil. The study has mainly concentrated on sphero-cylindrical correction of peripheral vision. Peripheral resolution and detection acuity thresholds have been evaluated for seven subjects with central visual field loss and ten control subjects with normal vision. Five of the subjects with field loss showed improved resolution acuity with eccentric refractive correction compared to their habitual central correction, whereas little change was found for the control subjects. These results demonstrate that correction of peripheral optical errors can be beneficial to people with large central visual field loss in situations where a normal healthy eye does not experience any improvements. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to investigate the peripheral refractive errors in low-vision rehabilitation of central visual field loss and prescribe spectacle correction when those errors are large.
QC 20100809
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Lundström, Linda. "Wavefront aberrations and peripheral vision /". Stockholm : Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4385.

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Chew, Theam Yong. "Wavefront sensors in Adaptive Optics". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1645.

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Atmospheric turbulence limits the resolving power of astronomical telescopes by distorting the paths of light between distant objects of interest and the imaging camera at the telescope. After many light-years of travel, passing through the turbulence in that last 100km of a photon’s journey results in a blurred image in the telescope, no less than 1” (arc-second) in width. To achieve higher resolutions, corresponding to smaller image widths, various methods have been proposed with varying degrees of effectiveness and practicality. Space telescopes avoid atmospheric turbulence completely and are limited in resolution solely by the size of their mirror apertures. However, the design and maintenance cost of space telescopes, which increases prohibitively with size, has limited the number of space telescopes deployed for astronomical imaging purposes. Ground based telescopes can be built larger and more cheaply, so atmospheric compensation schemes using adaptive optical cancellation mirrors can be a cheaper substitute for space telescopes. Adaptive optics is referred to here as the use of electronic control of optical component to modify the phase of an incident ray within an optical system like an imaging telescope. Fast adaptive optics systems operating in real-time can be used to correct the optical aberrations introduced by atmospheric turbulence. To compensate those aberrations, they must first be measured using a wavefront sensor. The wavefront estimate from the wavefront sensor can then be applied, in a closed-loop system, to a deformable mirror to compensate the incoming wavefront. Many wavefront sensors have been proposed and are in used today in adaptive optics and atmospheric turbulence measurement systems. Experimental results comparing the performance of wavefront sensors have also been published. However, little detailed analyses of the fundamental similarities and differences between the wavefront sensors have been performed. This study concentrates on fourmain types of wavefront sensors, namely the Shack-Hartmann, pyramid, geometric, and the curvature wavefront sensors, and attempts to unify their description within a common framework. The quad-cell is a wavefront slope detector and is first examined as it lays the groundwork for analysing the Shack-Hartmann and pyramid wavefront sensors. The quad-cell slope detector is examined, and a new measure of performance based on the Strehl ratio of the focal plane image is adopted. The quad-cell performance based on the Strehl ratio is compared using simulations against the Cramer-Rao bound, an information theoretic or statistical limit, and a polynomial approximation. The effects of quad-cell modulation, its relationship to extended objects, and the effect on performance are also examined briefly. In the Shack-Hartmann and pyramid wavefront sensor, a strong duality in the imaging and aperture planes exists, allowing for comparison of the performance of the two wavefront sensors. Both sensors subdivide the input wavefront into smaller regions, and measure the local slope. They are equivalent in every way except for the order in which the subdivision and slope measurements were carried out. We show that this crucial difference leads to a theoretically higher performance from the pyramid wavefront sensor. We also presented simulations showing the trade-off between sensor precision and resolution. The geometric wavefront sensor can be considered to be an improved curvature wavefront sensor as it uses a more accurate algorithm based on geometric optics to estimate the wavefront. The algorithm is relatively new and has not found application in operating adaptive optics systems. Further analysis of the noise propagation in the algorithm, sensor resolution, and precision is presented. We also made some observations on the implementation of the geometric wavefront sensor based on image recovery through projections.
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Campbell, Heather Isla. "Generalised Phase Diversity wavefront sensing". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/167.

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Pape, Ulrich v. "Wavefront sensing in the human eye". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963766163.

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Muyo, Nieto Gonzalo D. "Principles and applications of wavefront coding". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2043.

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The aim of the work reported in this thesis was to investigate the physical principles and potential applications of wavefront coding. This technique enables extended depth of field and greatly reduced sensitivity to defocus-related and higher-order aberrations whilst maintaining diffraction-limited resolution in incoherent imaging systems. Wavefront· coding involves the introduction of an asymmetric refractive mask close to the aperture stop so as to encode the image with a specific point spread function that, when combined with decoding of the recorded image, can enable accurate image acquisition even in the presence of aberrations. In practical imaging systems, this enhancement is subject to a range of constraints and limitations which have been neglected in previous works. We show that although-wavefront coding has sometimes been presented as a panacea, it is more realistic to consider it as an additional parameter in the optimisation process. This research explores the trade offs involved in the application of wavefront coding to lowcost imaging systems for use in t,he thermal infrared and visible imaging systems, showing how very useful performance enhancements can be achieved in practical systems. Some of the original contributions of this work include the design of new phase masks, a new understanding of the fundamental physical principles in terms of the decomposition of the optical transfer function, appraisal of the restoration issues (detector sampling, noise amplification and artefacts in the digitally processed image) and the design and manufacture of a wavefront-coded infrared singlet.
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Weddell, Stephen John. "Optical Wavefront Prediction with Reservoir Computing". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4070.

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Over the last four decades there has been considerable research in the improvement of imaging exo-atmospheric objects through air turbulence from ground-based instruments. Whilst such research was initially motivated for military purposes, the benefits to the astronomical community have been significant. A key topic in this research is isoplanatism. The isoplanatic angle is an angular limit that separates two point-source objects, where if independent measurements of wavefront perturbations were obtained from each source, the wavefront distortion would be considered equivalent. In classical adaptive optics, perturbations from a point-source reference, such as a bright, natural guide star, are used to partially negate perturbations distorting an image of a fainter, nearby science object. Various techniques, such as atmospheric tomography, maximum a posteriori (MAP), and parameterised modelling, have been used to estimate wavefront perturbations when the distortion function is spatially variant, i.e., angular separations exceed the isoplanatic angle, θ₀, where θ₀ ≈ 10 μrad for mild distortion at visual wavelengths. However, the effectiveness of such techniques is also dependent on knowledge a priori of turbulence profiles and configuration data. This dissertation describes a new method used to estimate the eigenvalues that comprise wavefront perturbations over a wide, spatial field. To help reduce dependency on prior knowledge for specific configurations, machine learning is used with a recurrent neural network trained using a posteriori wavefront ensembles from multiple point-source objects. Using a spatiotemporal framework for prediction, the eigenvalues, in terms of Zernike polynomials, are used to reconstruct the spatially-variant, point spread function (SVPSF) for image restoration. The overall requirement is to counter the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence on the images of extended astronomical objects. The method outlined in this thesis combines optical wavefront sensing using multiple natural guide stars, with a reservoir-based, artificial neural network. The network is used to predict aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence that degrade the images of faint science objects. A modified geometric wavefront sensor was used to simultaneously measure phase perturbations from multiple, point-source reference objects in the pupil. A specialised recurrent neural network (RNN) was used to learn the spatiotemporal effects of phase perturbations measured from several source references. Modal expansions, in terms of Zernike coefficients, were used to build time-series ensembles that defined wavefront maps of point-source reference objects. The ensembles were used to firstly train an RNN by applying a spatiotemporal training algorithm, and secondly, new data ensembles presented to the trained RNN were used to estimate the wavefront map of science objects over a wide field. Both simulations and experiments were used to evaluate this method. The results of this study showed that by employing three or more source references over an angular separation of 24 μrad from a target, and given mild turbulence with Fried coherence length of 20 cm, the normalised mean squared error of low-order Zernike modes could be estimated to within 0.086. A key benefit in estimating phase perturbations using a time-series of short exposure point-spread functions (PSFs) is that it is then possible to determine the long exposure PSF. Based on the summation of successive, corrected, short-exposure frames, high resolution images of the science object can be obtained. The method was shown to predict a contiguous series of short exposure aberrations, as a phase screen was moved over a simulated aperture. By qualifying temporal decorrelation of atmospheric turbulence, in terms of Taylor's hypothesis, long exposure estimates of the PSF were obtained.
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Curatu, Costin. "Wavefront Sensor for Eye Aberrations Measurements". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2274.

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Ocular wavefront sensing is vital to improving our understanding of the human eye and to developing advanced vision correction methods, such as adaptive optics, customized contact lenses, and customized laser refractive surgery. It is also a necessary technique for high-resolution imaging of the retina. The most commonly used wavefront sensing method is based on the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Since Junzhong Liang's first application of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing for the human eye in 1994, the method has quickly gained acceptance and popularity in the ophthalmic industry. Several commercial Shack-Hartmann eye aberrometers are currently available. While the existing aberrometers offer reasonable measurement accuracy and reproducibility, they do have a limited dynamic range. Although rare, highly aberrated eyes do exists (corneal transplant, keratoconus, post-lasik) that cannot be measured with the existing devices. Clinicians as well as optical engineers agree that there is room for improvement in the performance of these devices "Although the optical aberrations of normal eyes have been studied by the Shack-Hartmann technique, little is known about the optical imperfections of abnormal eyes. Furthermore, it is not obvious that current Shack-Hartmann aberrometers are robust enough to successfully measure clinically abnormal eyes of poor optical quality" Larry Thibos, School of Optometry, Indiana University. The ultimate goal for ophthalmic aberrometers and the main objective of this work is to increase the dynamic range of the wavefront sensor without sacrificing its sensitivity or accuracy. In this dissertation, we attempt to review and integrate knowledge and techniques from previous studies as well as to propose our own analytical approach to optimizing the optical design of the sensor in order to achieve the desired dynamic range. We present the underlying theory that governs the relationship between the performance metrics of the sensor: dynamic range, sensitivity, spatial resolution, and accuracy. We study the design constraints and trade-offs and present our system optimization method in detail. To validate the conceptual approach, a complex simulation model was developed. The comprehensive model was able to predict the performance of the sensor as a function of system design parameters, for a wide variety of ocular wavefronts. This simulation model did confirm the results obtained with our analytical approach. The simulator itself can now be used as a standalone tool for other Shack-Hartmann sensor designs. Finally, we were able to validate our theoretical work by designing and building an experimental prototype. We present some of the more practical design aspects, such as illumination choices and tolerance analysis methods. The prototype validated the conceptual approach used in the design and was able to demonstrate a vast increase in dynamic range while maintaining accurate and repeatable measurements.
Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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Książki na temat "Wavefront"

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), red. Wavefront error sensing. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1986.

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Ojeda-Castañeda, Jorge. Wavefront Shaping and Pupil Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63802-6.

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Schnars, Ulf, Claas Falldorf, John Watson i Werner Jüptner. Digital Holography and Wavefront Sensing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44693-5.

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Hu, Y. F. Multilevel algorithms for wavefront reduction. Chilton: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, 2000.

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Shrestha, Sajan. Dielectric Metasurfaces for Optical Wavefront Manipulation. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2020.

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Huttunen, Juhani. Diffractive wavefront modulation by microstructured optical media. Espoo: Helsinki University of Technology, 1995.

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Kirkeby, O. Wavefront reconstruction using a least squares approach. Southampton, England: University of Southampton, Institute of Sound and Vibration, 1992.

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Povitsky, Alex. Wavefront cache-friendly algorithm for compact numerical schemes. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Center, Langley Research, red. Wavefront cache-friendly algorithm for compact numerical schemes. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Center, Langley Research, red. Wavefront cache-friendly algorithm for compact numerical schemes. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "Wavefront"

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Weik, Martin H. "wavefront". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1911. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21010.

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Lin, Psang Dain. "Wavefront Aberration and Wavefront Shape". W Advanced Geometrical Optics, 373–403. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2299-9_15.

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Rousset, G. "Wavefront Sensing". W Adaptive Optics for Astronomy, 115–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8265-0_7.

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Weik, Martin H. "wavefront compensation". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1911. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21011.

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Weik, Martin H. "wavefront control". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1911. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21012.

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Weik, Martin H. "wavefront optics". W Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1911. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21013.

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Reinders, James R. "Wavefront Arrays". W Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing, 2159. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09766-4_2433.

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Molebny, Vasyl. "Wavefront sensors". W Handbook of Visual Optics, 17–34. Names: Artal, Pablo, editor. Title: Handbook of visual optics / [edited by] Pablo Artal. Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315373027-2.

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Tyson, Robert K., i Benjamin W. Frazier. "Wavefront Correction". W Principles of Adaptive Optics, 193–220. Wyd. 5. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003140191-7.

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Solano, Joel M., i John P. Berdahl. "Intraoperative Wavefront Aberrometry". W Refractive Cataract Surgery, 115–22. Wyd. 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003526278-12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Wavefront"

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Selberg, Lars A., i Bruce E. Truax. "A reference wavefront for wavefront sensing instruments". W Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.tha1.

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A reference light source (RLS) was designed to allow the measurement and removal of system wavefront errors in wavefront sensing instruments. The wavefront of the RLS is produced by collimating and re-focussing the output of a laser diode onto a 1 micron pinhole aperture. The diverging spherical wavefront is usable over a numerical aperture of .65 for wavelengths greater than 700 nm. To achieve a high quality wavefront, design constraints on the pinhole are quite severe in terms of current technology. Several pinhole fabrication techniques have been explored. Methods for testing pinhole quality include electron microscopy and optical phase conjugation techniques. The wavefront is tested for non-rotationally symmetric wavefront aberrations by rotating the RLS and analyzing the changes in the relevant Zernike terms. Rotationally symmetric aberrations may then be ascertained by comparison of wavefronts measured on several instruments. Methods and results will be discussed in detail.
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Freeman, Aaron P., i Haris J. Catrakis. "Turbulence-Aberrated Laser Wavefront Profiling With Shack-Hartmann Microlenses". W ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37092.

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This study focuses on experimental profiling of turbulence-aberrated laser wavefronts using a Shack-Hartmann (S-H) microlens array as a means of investigating the aero-optical effects that large-scale turbulence properties have on propagated laser wavefronts. Imaging of the phase and intensity of laser sheets propagated through separated turbulent compressible shear layers, which cause the laser wavefront to become aberrated, is performed under the following flow conditions; Re ∼ 6×106 based on visual thickness and M∞ ∼ 0.9. The data captured by the S-H sensor enables the direct determination of the laser optical wavefront profile. The optical wavefront profile provides path-integrated information regarding the refractive turbulence field and interfaces. The optical wavefronts are compared with laser induced fluorescence images of the refractive fields and interfaces taken simultaneously which allows for verification of computational methods of analyzing the optical wavefront within the flow. The present work validates the use of laser wavefront profiling as a means for detecting information about the refractive turbulence properties.
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Lin, Di, i Abbie T. Watnik. "Reconstructing Turbulent Wavefronts from Plenoptic Data Measured by a Plenoptic Wavefront Sensor". W Adaptive Optics and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aoa.2022.jtu5d.3.

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We present a novel wavefront reconstructor adapted for measurements of turbulent wavefronts taken by a plenoptic wavefront sensor. Intensity peaks from each lenslet sub-image of the overall plenoptic image are registered and consolidated based on their respective intensities to synthesize the measured wavefront. We demonstrate our algorithm by applying it to synthetic plenoptic data generated from computer simulations of a plenoptic wavefront sensor and reconstructing a turbulent wavefront.
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Ash, D. L., i C. J. Solomon. "A Study of Wavefront Reconstruction Methods". W Adaptive Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/adop.1995.tua11.

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The accurate estimation of atmospherically distorted wavefronts is vital to both adaptive optics systems, and statistical deconvolution methods for image enhancement, as this places an absolute limit on the achievable resolution. Thus a clear understanding of the factors affecting the accuracy of wavefront estimation is essential.
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Radick, Richard R., Sergio R. Restaino i Jean-Marc Conan. "Wavefront Sensing for Solar Imaging". W Adaptive Optics for Large Telescopes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aolt.1992.atha4.

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The Sun presents unusual problems for wavefront sensing. Unlike the nighttime sky, the Sun does not provide natural, high-contrast point sources, and creation of artificial beacons bright enough to be visible against the solar disk remains problematic with current technology. Small sunspots and pores can provide satisfactory substitutes for point sources, but these are available for only a tiny fraction of the solar disk. To measure wavefronts at arbitrary locations on the Sun, we must develop wavefront sensors capable of using the ubiquitous solar granulation as a target. Solar granulation is extended (its characteristic angular scale is about one arcsecond), unbounded (the angular extent of the composite pattern greatly exceeds the isoplanatic angle), low contrast (a few percent), and both spatially and temporally variable (the typical evolution time scale is minutes). A wavefront sensor must successfully contend with all these characteristics of solar granulation to be well-suited for general solar imaging.
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Madec, P. Y., G. Rousset i M. Séchaud. "Atmospheric wavefront measurements and evaluation of adaptive optics efficiency". W Adaptive Optics for Large Telescopes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aolt.1992.atha5.

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Wavefront measurements have been made with the COME-ON adaptive optics prototype system on the ESO 3.6 m telescope at La Silla (Chile). Two types of data have been recorded : the atmospheric wavefronts and the residual wavefront errors after correction by the adaptive optics system. A spatial and temporal characterization is performed through both angle-of-arrival fluctuation analysis and wavefront modal expansion. Correlation times and atmospheric cut-off frequencies are deduced for different seeing conditions. The outer scale of the turbulence is also determined. The servoloop transfer function is analysed. The adaptive optics gain is expressed in terms of wavefront fluctuation attenuation. Different types of servoloop control are compared. During these experiments, the maximum servoloop bandwidth has reached 25 Hz for a 100 Hz sampling frequency.
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McGaughey, Donald, i George J. M. Aitken. "Temporal Characteristics and Modelling of Atmospherically-Distorted Wavefront Slopes". W Adaptive Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/adop.1996.awc.5.

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The wavefronts distorted by a Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere are fractal surfaces [1] and have the properties of fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with a self-similarity parameter of 5/6. Such a FBM process is nonstationary and has a power-law spectrum with spectral index -8/3. In an adaptive optics system a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor (WFS) delivers the time series of wavefront (WF) slopes measured at each lenslet subaperture. While the FBM wavefront exhibits persistence, and consequently has predictability, the derivatives or slopes of this FBM process are antipersistent [2] with spectral index -2/3. This means that the WF slopes would have limited predictability at least by conventional mean-square prediction methods. Thus the adaptive optics (AO) control strategy that treats WF slopes as an unpredictable random walk process would seem justified. Within a closed loop system the difference between the incident wavefront and the correction by the deformable mirror is equivalent to a differentiation or increments process because of the loop delay, in which case the wavefront sensor gives essentially the second derivative. The second derivative process of FBM is also antipersistent.
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Mancl, Dennis, i Eduardo Guerra. "Session details: Wavefront and wavefront experience". W SPLASH '13: Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3245142.

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Yang, Zhenyu, i Qiwen Zhan. "Wavefront reconstruction using smartphone based wavefront sensors". W International Workshop on Thin Films for Electronics, Electro-Optics, Energy and Sensors, redaktor Guru Subramanyam. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2197768.

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Sommargren, Gary E. "Wavefront measurement using radial shear interferometry and Zernike polynomials". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mw5.

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Radial shear interferometry is one of several methods used for measuring wavefronts. It is particularly attractive for testing aspheric optics because the fringe density can be controlled by varying the amount of shear. To be useful, however, it is necessary to be able to determine the wavefront given the measured interference pattern produced by the radial shear interferometer. The relationship between the wavefront and the measured interference pattern has, in the past, been expressed using sets of nonorthogonal polynomials. The purpose of this paper is to derive this relationship in terms of the orthogonal set of Zernike polynomials. This is attractive because the Zernike coefficients are directly related to the classical aberrations. The derived relationship is a closed-form solution that can easily be implemented on a computer. Applications and numerical examples are discussed.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Wavefront"

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Olivier, S. S., J. M. Brase, K. Avicola, C. A. Thompson, M. W. Kartz, S. Winters, R. Hartley i in. Advanced Wavefront Control Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006443.

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Waag, Robert C. Acoustic Wavefront Distortion and Compensation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada283350.

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Scrymgeour, David, Robert Boye i Kathleen Adelsberger. Advanced Imaging Optics Utilizing Wavefront Coding. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184361.

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Needham, Donald M., i Michael J. Izbicki. High Energy Laser Progressive Wavefront Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460427.

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Van Wonterghem, B. M., J. T. Salmon i R. W. Wilcox. Beamlet pulse-generation and wavefront-control system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/376938.

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Liao, Z. Initial Demonstration of Mercury Wavefront Correction System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/888617.

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Salour, M. M. Nonconventional Optical Techniques for Optical Wavefront Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada185099.

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Johnson, Gregory E. Wavefront Coded Microscope and Real-Time Processor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412899.

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Zhu, Qing. A Study of Ultrasonic Wavefront Distortion Compensation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337868.

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Langeveld, Willy. Possible Application of Wavefront Coding to the LSST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885517.

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