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1
Wang, Zilong, Qiuxiang Jiang, Qiang Fu, Xi Jiang i Kaiyue Mo. "Eco-environmental effects of water resources development and utilization in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China". Water Supply 18, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.177.
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Abstract Water resources development and utilization (WRDU) is an important way for humans to utilize natural resources, and has a deep effect on ecological environments. Flat topography, groundwater dependence and a high proportion of agricultural water are the main features of WRDU in Sanjiang Plain. Due to large-scale development in the last 60 years, the ecological environment of Sanjiang Plain has changed significantly. In order to identify the eco-environmental problems and make regional ecological environment and water resources sustainable, trend and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the eco-environmental effects of WRDU from the aspects of water resources, land resources, vegetation and climate. The results show that the regional eco-environmental effects caused by WRDU in Sanjiang Plain are significant. The quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the social and ecological functions of land resources are significantly affected by the regional development and utilization of water resources, while the effect of surface water resources is not obvious. The changes of vegetation and climate are also significant, but the response mechanism to WRDU requires further study. With the changes of extent, pattern and degree of surface water utilization in Sanjiang Plain, the effect of surface water resources is becoming more and more prominent.
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Zhang, Jingdong, Jiatian Fu, Chaoyang Liu, Zhiguang Qu, Yanan Li, Fei Li, Zhaofei Yang i Luping Jiang. "Evaluating Water Resource Assets Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China". Sustainability 11, nr 17 (26.08.2019): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174627.
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With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for water resources continues to sharply increase, which has gradually contributed to serious environmental problems. The Chinese government has proposed establishing a natural resource balance sheet, which is expected to solve this problem by assessing the value of water resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. Based on a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model, 15 indicators were chosen considering the three main aspects of resources, society, and the environment to construct a water resource evaluation indicator system. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight methods were combined to determine the index weight. Based on this, we calculated the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the values of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017 were US$2.910 billion, US$5.006 billion, US$9.223 billion, US$14.167 billion, and US$7.189 billion, respectively. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific foundation for the rational establishment of water prices, the assessment of local natural resource assets, and the preparation of natural resource balance sheets.
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Sun, Jingxin, Xiang Yu, Qishan Xiao, Jianfeng Song i Shikun Sun. "Utilization Characteristics and Sustainability Evaluation of Water Resources in China". Water 10, nr 9 (27.08.2018): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091142.
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Water is an important factor of production contributing to all sectors and regions in the world. With the rapid development of the economy and the increase of population, the water crisis is becoming more and more serious, and will become an important obstacle to the sustainable development of society. It is particularly important to evaluate the sustainability of water resources utilization. Based on the analysis of the regional water resources utilization characteristics, this paper takes 31 provinces in mainland China as the research object and comprehensively evaluates the regional water resources’ sustainability from the aspects of hydrology, environment, economy and technology. The results show: From the regional perspective, the regionalization of China’s various indexes is obvious, the hydrological and environmental indexes in western regions are significantly higher than that in eastern regions; while the economic index in eastern regions is higher than that in western regions. From the time perspective, from 2010 to 2015, the sustainable development of water resources in seven provinces showed an increasing trend. Zhejiang changed from “Good” to “Excellent” and Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang all had slight growth. There are six provinces which show varying degrees of decline, of which Liaoning changes from “Excellent” to “Medium”, Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Guangdong, Hainan also had a slight decline; the rest of the provinces did not change, Qinghai and Chongqing have been maintained as “Excellent”. Taken together, the western regions of China have significant advantages in terms of quantity and quality of water resources, but its water use efficiency is low. However, the economic development in the eastern regions is rapid with high efficiency of water use, but there are some serious problems such as water resources insufficiency and river pollution.
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Zhang, Jingdong, Yanan Li, Chaoyang Liu, Zhiguang Qu, Fei Li, Zhaofei Yang, Luping Jiang i Jiatian Fu. "Application of Set Pair Analysis in a Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Assets: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China". Water 11, nr 8 (18.08.2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081718.
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With the rapid development of the social economy, China is suffering from severe water scarcity due to improper management. Evaluation of water resource value is a crucial issue for innovative management in regional water resources. In this paper, in consideration of the complexity and uncertainty of water resources, 15 indicators were selected to establish the assessment system for its value in Wuhan City from the following three aspects, namely the environment, resources, and society. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method were combined to calculate the comprehensive weight. An improved set pair analysis (SPA) model was applied to evaluate water resource assets in the period of 2013–2017. For the sake of the dependability of these results, the James Pollution Loss model was utilized to compute loss of water resource value caused by the decline of water quality in the water pollution environment. The results show that the amount of water resource through physical quantitative accounting in Wuhan City fluctuates greatly. The initial change is relatively stable, then surges in 2015 and 2016, but slumps in 2017. The total water resource assets for Wuhan City from 2013 to 2017 are 14.221, 14.833, 28.375, 75.558, and 21.315 billion RMB, respectively. Therefore, water resource value accounting plays an indispensable role in the environmental protection and sustainable development of water, as well as provides a support for comprehensive calculation and management of various valuable natural resources.
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Li, Jun, Yanqiu Pei, Shaohua Zhao, Rulin Xiao, Xiao Sang i Chengye Zhang. "A Review of Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring in China". Remote Sensing 12, nr 7 (2.04.2020): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071130.
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The natural environment is essential for human survival and development since it provides water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources etc. As a developing country, China has witnessed a significant change in the natural environment in recent decades; and therefore, monitoring and mastering the status of the environment is of great significance. Due to the characteristics of large-scale and dynamic observation, remote sensing technology has been an indispensable approach for environmental monitoring. This paper reviews the satellite resources, institutions and policies for environmental monitoring in China, and the advances in research and application of remote sensing from five aspects: ecological index retrieval, environmental monitoring in protected areas, rural areas, urban areas and mining areas. The remote sensing models and methods for various types of environmental monitoring, and the specific applications in China are comprehensively summarized. This paper also points out major challenges existing at the current stage: satellite sensor problems, integrated use challenges of datasets, uncertainty in the retrieval process of ecological variables, scaling effect problems, a low degree of automation, the weak ability of forecasting and comprehensive analysis, and a lack of computational power for massive datasets. Finally, the development trend and future directions are put forward to direct the research and application of environmental monitoring and protection in the new era.
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Moore, Scott M. "Legitimacy, Development and Sustainability: Understanding Water Policy and Politics in Contemporary China". China Quarterly 237 (6.12.2018): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001704.
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AbstractMore so than for other countries, the management of China's water resources is an important aspect of its policy and politics, yet existing scholarly attempts to understand this importance are scattered among a wide range of sub-literatures that lack a unifying theoretical framework. This article attempts to identify common themes and features of the relationship between water, politics and governance in contemporary China by examining how this relationship has unfolded in historical perspective. It identifies three basic objectives that have shaped the politics and governance of China's water resources over time: legitimacy, economic development and environmental sustainability. These objectives map, though imperfectly, onto different periods in the history of the People's Republic of China, thereby highlighting how they have evolved. Together, these objectives explain policies towards, and the politics of, water resources in contemporary China. This understanding shows that water both shapes and reflects Chinese politics, and highlights the need for a theoretically coherent sub-literature on Chinese water policy and politics.
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Duan, Bin, Gang Chen, Maoying Tang i Qinzhi Yan. "Early demonstration and research on the key technical issues of large-basin hydropower development under the concept of harmony". Clean Energy 4, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkz016.
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Abstract As a typical representative of hydropower development in China, the Dadu River is characterized by abundant water resources, poor geological conditions, many resettlements and limited environmental capacity. Therefore, the technical problems faced by Dadu River hydropower development are numerous and complex. We analysed these technical problems, such as the hydropower-development mode, normal water level, dam-site selection, damming technology, migration resettlement and environmental protection. The concept and characteristics of harmonious hydropower development are identified. The harmonious hydropower-development concept has been applied to all aspects of the Dadu River hydropower-development feasibility study to solve the key technical problems of hydropower development on the Dadu River and to promote the development of China’s hydropower.
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Li, Y., W. Li, B. Wang, X. W. Liu, Y. L. Xie i L. Liu. "An inexact multi-objective programming model for water resources management in industrial parks of Binhai New Area, China". Water Science and Technology 72, nr 10 (5.08.2015): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.413.
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In recent years, Binhai New Area of Tianjin has been suffering severe water shortage due to climate change and industrial activities. Integrated and effective water resources management approaches are urgent for the sustainable development of industrial parks in Binhai New Area. However, uncertainties exist in many aspects of the water resources system and are inevitably problematic for water resources planning and policy-making. To address these uncertainties, an interval multiple-objective programming model was developed here to support the long-term planning of industrial water resources management in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China. The model incorporated both multiple-objective programming and interval linear programming into a general programming framework. The developed model could handle the uncertainties and complexities of the water management system, and also allowed decision makers to adjust fuzzy objective control decision variables to satisfy multiple holistic and interactive objectives. The solutions are useful for planning adjustments of the existing water allocation patterns in Binhai New Area.
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Velasco-Muñoz, Juan, José Aznar-Sánchez, Luis Belmonte-Ureña i Isabel Román-Sánchez. "Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research". Sustainability 10, nr 4 (5.04.2018): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10041084.
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Sustainability of water use in agriculture is a line of research that has gained in importance worldwide. The present study reviewed 25 years of international research on sustainable water use in agriculture. A bibliometric analysis was developed to sample 2084 articles. Results indicate exponential growth in the number of articles published per year, with research in this field having acquired a global scale. Environmental Science and Agricultural and Biological Sciences are the main categories. Three journals—Agricultural Water Management, Water Resources Management and Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Agricultural Engineering—published the most of the articles. China, the U.S., Australia, India and Germany produced the most research. The three institutions that published the most articles were all Chinese (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University and Northwest A&F University). The most cited authors were Ridoutt, Hoekstra and Zhang. The keywords most frequently used include: water-use, irrigation, water-management, water-supply, and sustainability. A network map shows three clusters that focus on the environmental, agronomic and management aspects. The findings of this study can assist researchers in this field by providing an overview of research on the sustainability of hydric resources.
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Li, Sun, Yuan i Liu. "Evaluation Methods of Water Environment Safety and Their Application to the Three Northeast Provinces of China". Sustainability 11, nr 18 (19.09.2019): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185135.
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Focusing on the topic of water environment safety of China, this paper has selected the three northeast provinces of China as the research object due to their representativeness in economic development and resource security. By using the Entropy Weight Method, the Grey Correlation Analysis Method, and the Principal Component Analysis Method, this paper has first constructed a water environment safety evaluation system with 17 indicators from the economic, environmental, and ecological aspects. Furthermore, this paper has screened the initially selected indicators by the Principal Component Analysis Method and finally determined 11 indicators as the evaluation indicators. After indicator screening, this paper has adopted the improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to evaluate the water environment safety of the three northeast provinces of China and obtained the change in water environment safety of different provinces from 2009 to 2017. The results show that the overall water environment safety of the region had improved first but worsened afterward, and that in terms of water safety level, Jilin Province ranked first, followed by Heilongjiang Province and Liaoning Province. The three factors that have the greatest impact on the water environment safety of the three provinces are: Liaoning—Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 17.10), Per Capita Disposable Income (score: 13.50), and Secondary Industry Output (score: 11.50); Heilongjiang—Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 18.64), Per Capita Water Resources (score: 12.75), and Concentration of Inhalable Particles (score: 10.89); Jilin—Per Capita Water Resources (score: 15.75), Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 14.87), and Service Industry Output (score: 11.55). Based on analysis of the evaluation results, this paper has proposed corresponding policy recommendations to improve the water environment safety and promote sustainable development in the northeast provinces of China.
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Zhang, Jixiong, Meng Li, Abbas Taheri, Weiqing Zhang, Zhongya Wu i Weijian Song. "Properties and Application of Backfill Materials in Coal Mines in China". Minerals 9, nr 1 (17.01.2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010053.
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Coal is the basic resource underpinning energy generation in China, however, constant, large-scale mining of coal results in many problems such as ecological destruction of mining areas. As a result, backfilling of solid waste underground is proposed to control strata and surface subsidence and to protect the environment. At present, these materials, such as granular material, cemented material and high-water-content materials are mainly used for backfilling. This study summarised the types of backfill materials that are used in coal mines in China along with the backfilling process. Moreover, distribution and characteristics of mines backfilled with these backfill materials were obtained and analysed. Considering the socio-environmental aspects that affect backfilling, this research proposed a guideline for the selection of backfill materials and then analysed specific engineering cases of three backfill materials. In addition, the future development of backfill materials was discussed. With extensive extraction of shallow coal resources in China and, therefore, rapid depletion of coal resources in eastern regions of China, coal mining depth is increasing significantly. As a result, it is required to investigate new backfill materials suited for the deep high-stress environment.
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Wu, Shuanglei, Sarina Huang, Yongping Wei, Colin Duffield, Wenzhe Tang, Yan Zhao i Hang Zheng. "A longitudinal analysis on the perspectives of major world newspapers on the Three Gorges Dam project during 1982–2015". Water Supply 18, nr 1 (31.05.2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.088.
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Abstract Media communications are least studied in river basin development projects. This paper aims to develop a longitudinal study on how a water resources development megaproject was reported by the world newspapers during its whole life cycle. The development of the Three Gorges Dam project in China (1982–2015) was taken as an example. Newspaper perspectives on eight evaluation themes: time, cost, quality, risk, benefit, social impact, environmental impact, and organization management were extracted from eight newspapers in the UK, the USA, Australia, and Singapore using a content analysis approach. The results show that the media coverage mainly appeared in the construction phase, with peak reporting times occurring in transition periods. Social and environmental aspects were the main concerns of the eight selected newspapers. The tone of the news coverage on the Three Gorges Dam was generally negative. These findings implied that media communications provide valuable insights into the social and environmental complexities of megaprojects in river basin development.
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Bin, Duan. "Discussion on the development direction of hydropower in China". Clean Energy 5, nr 1 (27.02.2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaa025.
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Abstract Hydropower is the second largest conventional energy resource in China. It is a renewable energy with mature technology, flexible operation, cleanliness and low carbon. A hydropower project has flood control, a water supply, navigation, irrigation and other comprehensive utilization functions. The new era in China is guided by the new energy-security strategy of ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’ and the new development concept of ‘innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing’. According to the dual nature of water and electricity, this paper deepens the basic understanding of hydropower from the experience of the world, the difficult problems of hydropower in China and the long-term development of hydropower enterprises. The future direction of hydropower development is explored from the following aspects: high-quality development of follow-up hydropower projects, innovative utilization of existing hydropower value, creative pursuit of hydropower-benefit growth and high-level promotion of hydropower international cooperation.
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Yang, Hong Gang, Cong Huang, Ying Wang, Fei Yu Wang, Hong Li Sun i Yong Bing Huang. "Preliminary Exploration on Landscape Planning around Lake Zone in the City". Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (grudzień 2014): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.260.
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Urban lakes are an important part of water environment, not only providing a place for people to entertain, but also one of the higher value services ecosystem. With the accelerating pace of urbanization in China, the development and utilization of resources increasingly strengthened urban lakes, thus sustainably creating lakes landscape is extremely urgent. In this paper, by taking NiuShan Technology Eco-City as a case study, ecological, geographical, social, functional and economic principles are proposed. From a landscape, environmental and ecological perspective, and according to the order of terrestrial water landscape among other aspects, it primarily explores landscape planning around lake zones in the city.
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Meng, Wang i Chen. "Profound Impacts of the China Meteorological Assimilation Dataset for SWAT model (CMADS)". Water 11, nr 4 (19.04.2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040832.
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As global warming continues to intensify, the problems of climate anomalies and deterioration of the water environment in East Asia are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to assist decision-making to tackle these problems, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the water environment and water resources through applying various hydrological and environmental models. To this end, the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) has been applied to East Asian regions where environmental issues are obvious, but the stations for monitoring meteorological variables are not uniformly distributed. The dataset contains all of the meteorological variables for SWAT, such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, precipitation, and radiation. In addition, it includes a range of variables relevant to the Earth’s surface processes, such as soil temperature, soil moisture, and snowfall. Although the dataset is used mainly to drive the SWAT model, a large number of users worldwide for different models have employed CMADS and it is expected that users will not continue to limit the application of CMADS data to the SWAT model only. We believe that CMADS can assist all the users involved in the meteorological field in all aspects. In this paper, we introduce the research and development background, user group distribution, application area, application direction, and future development of CMADS. All of the articles published in this special issue will be mentioned in the contributions section of this article.
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Zhang, Ronggang, Ching-Cheng Lu, Jen-Hui Lee, Ying Feng i Yung-Ho Chiu. "Dynamic Environmental Efficiency Assessment of Industrial Water Pollution". Sustainability 11, nr 11 (30.05.2019): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113053.
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In the face of severe water pollution, all provinces and cities in China have actively invested in water environment management funds driven by the goals of national energy conservation and emissions reduction. However, due to differences in natural environment, economic and technological levels, industrial structure, and other aspects in provinces and cities, their water environment management effects are also different across time and space. Under economic development and environmental regulation policies, it can be seen that the change in industrial GDP is not completely consistent with that of industrial wastewater discharge. How to improve desirable outputs and reduce undesirable outputs under the limited investment in water pollution control are key issues when investigating the efficiency of industrial water pollution control. This study uses the Dynamic SBM (Slacks-Based Measure) model to assess wastewater resources for research samples covering the 30 regions of China. There are two output variables, two input variables, and one carry-over variable. The output variables are industrial wastewater treatment and industrial output, the two input variables are industrial water consumption and facility operation cost, and the carry-over variable is industrial waste. This study concludes with implications for theory research, as these variables may lead to a better understanding and merging with the input variables, output variables, and carry-over variable of recent studies. The empirical results show that from the efficiency rank changes of the 30 regions for 2011–2015, regions with higher industrial output do not appear to have improved versus other regions, such as for Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Qinghai, and Zhejiang. The 30 regions’ efficiency scores show some volatility, with 13 regions’ efficiency score volatility clustering close to 0, like Beijing, Chongqing, Shandong, Guangdong, and Sichuan. In contrast, for Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, and Xinjiang, their efficiency scores fell more than other regions in this period and thus should adjust their input/output variables to increase their efficiency scores. This study further presents that many lower-/middle-/high-industrial output regions do not achieve a balance between industrial output and industrial wastewater treatment. How to find a balance between these two factors for any region is a vitally important issue for industrial wastewater treatment policy makers. Under such a circumstance, an industrial output region may not actually be highly efficient at doing this.
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Wang, Meng, Caizhi Sun i Xueli Wang. "Analysis of the Water-Energy Coupling Efficiency in China: Based on the Three-Stage SBM-DEA Model with Undesirable Outputs". Water 11, nr 4 (27.03.2019): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040632.
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Although the relationships between water and energy systems have been widely researched globally, such studies have not properly considered the coupling and driving mechanisms of the nexus between water and energy. Based on panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and cities, we used a three-stage Slacks-Based Measure model for Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) to estimate the Water-Energy coupling efficiency in China from 2003–2015. Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) regression model, we constructed an index of environmental factors that affect the Water-Energy coupling efficiency from the four aspects of resource environment, social environment, economic environment, and ecological environment. The results indicate that the Water-Energy coupling efficiency scores in most provinces in China are high and stable, and that the coupling efficiency of water and energy in China has a distribution pattern of northeast > east > west > central. Compared to the results in the first stage of analysis, the efficiency values in the third stage (after removal of environmental and stochastic factors) were smaller, illustrating that the coupling efficiency of water and energy in China depends on a favorable external environment. In the sample period, we also found that the improvement of the resource and social environments was the most conducive way to improve the Water-Energy coupling efficiency. Overall, the management level of technological innovation in China still has some room for improvement.
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Li, Chen, Xie, Liu i Xiong. "Bioelectrochemical Systems for Groundwater Remediation: The Development Trend and Research Front Revealed by Bibliometric Analysis". Water 11, nr 8 (24.07.2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081532.
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: Due to the deficiency of fresh water resources and the deterioration of groundwater quality worldwide, groundwater remedial technologies are especially crucial for preventing groundwater pollution and protecting the precious groundwater resource. Among the remedial alternatives, bioelectrochemical systems have unique advantages on both economic and technological aspects. However, it is rare to see a deep study focused on the information mining and visualization of the publications in this field, and research that can reveal and visualize the development trajectory and trends is scarce. Therefore, this study summarizes the published information in this field from the Web of Science Core Collection of the last two decades (1999–2018) and uses Citespace to quantitatively visualize the relationship of authors, published countries, organizations, funding sources, and journals and detect the research front by analyzing keywords and burst terms. The results indicate that the studies focused on bioelectrochemical systems for groundwater remediation have had a significant increase during the last two decades, especially in China, Germany and Italy. The national research institutes and universities of the USA and the countries mentioned above dominate the research. Environmental Science & Technology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, and Water Research are the most published journals in this field. The network maps of the keywords and burst terms suggest that reductive microbial diversity, electron transfer, microbial fuel cell, etc., are the research hotspots in recent years, and studies focused on microbial enrichment culture, energy supply/recovery, combined pollution remediation, etc., should be enhanced in future.
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Wang, Yaping, Wenzhao Liu, Gang Li, Weiming Yan i Guangyao Gao. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation in the Loess Tableland-Gully Region of China". Water 11, nr 1 (22.12.2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010020.
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The tableland-gully region is one of the main topographic-ecological units in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), and the soil in this region suffers from serious water erosion. In recent years, much work has been conducted to control soil erosion in this area. This paper summarized the development of soil and water conservation researches in the CLP from the bibliometric perspective based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The quantity of SCI literatures has increased rapidly since 2007, with an average annual growth rate of 21.4%, and the quantity of CNKI literatures in the last decade accounted for 62% of the past 30 years. The development trends showed that early SCI research was related to loess geology in the context of ecological remediation, while the CNKI literature focused on agricultural production under comprehensive management. Over time, the research themes of the two databases gradually became unified, i.e., the management of sloping farmland and the improvement of agricultural productivity. Subsequently, the themes gradually extended to the disposition of comprehensive control measures for soil erosion and the environmental effect of agro-fruit ecosystems. The highly cited papers mainly focused on soil reservoir reconstruction, soil erosion factors, and environmental effects of vegetation restoration. Two aspects need further study, including (i) the effect of soil erosion control under different ecological remediation patterns; and, (ii) the ecosystem maintenance mechanism and regulation approaches that are based on the sustainable utilization of soil and water resources in the tableland-gully region of the Loess Plateau.
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Fan, Yubing, Zeng Tang i Seong Park. "Effects of Community Perceptions and Institutional Capacity on Smallholder Farmers’ Responses to Water Scarcity: Evidence from Arid Northwestern China". Sustainability 11, nr 2 (17.01.2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020483.
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Community contextual factors including community perceptions and institutional capacity are among the key determinants in community-based water resource management. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework proposed by Ostrom is commonly employed to examine the outcome of common-pool resource management including water resources. However, community perceptions typically examined in behavioral economics and comparative community analysis literature are rarely incorporated in institutional analysis studies. This study draws on the IAD framework to investigate smallholder farmer communities’ responses to water scarcity in arid northwestern China. Adopting alternating multiple regression and multivariate regression models, this study conducts an empirical analysis using farmer survey data. The results show that the perceptions of water scarcity promote community actions in coping with water shortage. The perception of production risks encourages overall community responses, as well as farming- and irrigation-related responses. Communities with a stronger institutional enforcement are more responsive in taking farming-, irrigation-, and infrastructure-related actions, as well as having better overall responses. The analysis also shows that community interactional capacities and socio-economic factors may influence community actions to mitigate and adapt to adverse effects of local water scarcity. Our findings provide insights for understanding social and institutional aspects of rural farming communities toward sustainable response decisions to overcome water scarcity challenges.
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Jiang, Wanxiang, Baozhu Pan, Jing Chen, Xiaoming Jiang, Henglun Shen i Tianshun Zhu. "Macroinvertebrate Communities in a Lake of an Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project and Its Implications for Sustainable Management". Water 12, nr 7 (3.07.2020): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071900.
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In the present study, we choose the Weishan Lake, one of important water transfer and storage lakes on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWD) in China, to clarify how the community structure and assemblage-environment relationships of macroinvertebrates varied across three typical habitats (the River Mouth, Canal and Lake regions) over the four seasons in 2012. A total of 72 taxa belonging to 3 phyla, 9 classes and 24 families were recorded, with tolerant oligochaetes and chironomids as the dominant taxa. The environmental conditions and macroinvertebrate assemblages were clearly separated at spatial and temporal scales. Assemblage structure showed both significant but larger spatial than seasonal variations, with a clear separation of sites from three regions in an ordination plot. Compared to the temporal scale, more indicator species were retained to be responsible for the regional differences according to the two-way cluster analysis. Different environmental variables were significant for distinguishing macroinvertebrate assemblages among four seasons, and among them, pH was the only variable which was retained in all models. Our study provided useful background information of environmental characteristics and macroinvertebrate communities in a typical water transfer and storage lake before the water transfer of the SNWD. After the operation of SNWD, we envisage inter-basin water transfer (IBWT), which is usually accompanied by water level rise, nutrient pattern change and biota succession, will seriously affect recipient basins. Therefore, we propose several management strategies for SNWD: (1) target and detailed data should be collected on a timely basis; (2) government should prevent water pollution and adopt effective measures to protect the water environment; (3) the environmental assessments and other aspects of IBWT planning should be coordinated; (4) an overall consideration of different basins should be given to achieve a greater range of water resources planning, scheduling, and allocation; and (5) the migration and invasion of species should be of concern during the operation of the project.
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Xu, Wenping, Lingli Xiang i David Proverbs. "Assessing Community Resilience to Urban Flooding in Multiple Types of the Transient Population in China". Water 12, nr 10 (6.10.2020): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102784.
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While various measures of mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been taken in recent years, many have gradually reached a consensus that building community resilience is of great significance when responding to climate change, especially urban flooding. There has been a dearth of research on community resilience to urban floods, especially among transient communities, and therefore there is a need to conduct further empirical studies to improve our understanding, and to identify appropriate interventions. Thus, this work combines two existing resilience assessment frameworks to address these issues in three different types of transient community, namely an urban village, commercial housing, and apartments, all located in Wuhan, China. An analytic hierarchy process–back propagation neural network (AHP-BP) model was developed to estimate the community resilience within these three transient communities. The effects of changes in the prioritization of key resilience indicators under different environmental, economic, and social factors was analyzed across the three communities. The results demonstrate that the ranking of the indicators reflects the connection between disaster resilience and the evaluation units of diverse transient communities. These aspects show the differences in the disaster resilience of different types of transient communities. The proposed method can help decision makers in identifying the areas that are lagging behind, and those that need to be prioritized when allocating limited and/or stretched resources.
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Chang, Long Yan, Chang Lei Dai i Hou Chu Liao. "Research Overview on Hydrological Effects of Frozen Soil". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (lipiec 2012): 2459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2459.
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The hydrological effect of frozen soil is a particular hydrological phenomenon in frozen regions, which mainly performs in three aspects as following: (a) The poor permeability or impermeability of the frozen soil changes the infiltration and evapotranspiration process in soil and affects the storage and thawing process. (b) Frozen soil changes annual and inter-annual runoff variation process in a watershed. (c) Frozen soil influences and regulates the global climate. Based on the analysis of the frozen soil effects on the evaporation, infiltration and runoff in current research, this paper systematically analyzed relative researches on hydrological effects of frozen soil in recent years from environmental characteristics, data sources, research methods and major conclusions. The main conclusions are as follow: In China, research on hydrological effects of frozen soil started relatively late and developed slowly; There are few initial research on frozen soil hydrology and most research concerning which has been focused on the mechanics of frozen soil engineering rather than the discussions on hydrology; Future development of frozen soil hydrology in should be strengthened in some other aspects. Research on hydrological effects of frozen soil can lead to better understanding of this exceptional hydrological process, which has great significance on utilization of water resources and ecological environment protection in cold regions.
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Zhang, Dandan, Mou Leong Tan, Sharifah Rohayah Sheikh Dawood, Narimah Samat, Chun Kiat Chang, Ranjan Roy, Yi Lin Tew i Mohd Amirul Mahamud. "Comparison of NCEP-CFSR and CMADS for Hydrological Modelling Using SWAT in the Muda River Basin, Malaysia". Water 12, nr 11 (23.11.2020): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113288.
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Identification of reliable alternative climate input data for hydrological modelling is important to manage water resources and reduce water-related hazards in ungauged or poorly gauged basins. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP-CFSR) and China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Dataset for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) for simulating streamflow in the Muda River Basin (MRB), Malaysia. The capability was evaluated in two perspectives: (1) the climate aspect—validation of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures from 2008 to 2014; and (2) the hydrology aspect—comparison of the accuracy of SWAT modelling by the gauge station, NCEP-CFSR and CMADS products. The results show that CMADS had a better performance than NCEP-CFSR in the climate aspect, especially for the temperature data and daily precipitation detection capability. For the hydrological aspect, the gauge station had a “very good” performance in a monthly streamflow simulation, followed by CMADS and NCEP-CFSR. In detail, CMADS showed an acceptable performance in SWAT modelling, but some improvements such as bias correction and further SWAT calibration are needed. In contrast, NCEP-CFRS had an unacceptable performance in validation as it dramatically overestimated the low flows of MRB and contains time lag in peak flows estimation.
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Li, Huimin, Qing Xia, Lunyan Wang i Ying Ma. "Sustainability assessment of urban water environment treatment public-private partnership projects using fuzzy logic". Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, nr 5 (4.03.2020): 1251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-10-2019-0260.
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Purpose In recent years, with the increasingly serious urban water environmental pollution, the government has exerted considerable effort to promote the comprehensive improvement of the water environment and conducted numerous urban water environment treatment public–private partnership (PPP) projects (UWETP-PPP). The sustainability assessment of UWETP-PPP has important theoretical and practical significance for the public and private sectors to systematically evaluate the sustainability of projects and promote the sustainable development of projects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to advance a method to evaluate the sustainability of UWETP-PPP. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopted fuzzy logic method to evaluate the sustainability of UWETP-PPP. First, this paper constructed the sustainability assessment indicator system of UWETP-PPP. Second, this paper determined the appropriate linguistic scale for assessing the performance ratings and importance weights of UWETP-PPP sustainability indicators and collected experts’ evaluations of the project through questionnaires. Then, the linguistic variables were approximated as fuzzy numbers through the concept of fuzzy theory. Finally, the sustainability of the project was determined and the weak sustainability aspects of the project were identified by calculation. Findings The feasibility of this method was verified by a specific case. And, the results of the case study showed that the UWETP-PPP in Xuchang City, China, was sustainable, and the indicators of weak sustainability of the project were identified, namely, internal return ratio (IRR), sustainable cash flow, provision of employment opportunities, energy efficiency, comprehensive use of water resources, use of innovation materials, renewal of project facilities, adoption of advanced engineering technology, use of construction waste and waste recycling and reuse. This paper also proposed corresponding suggestions for further improving the sustainability of the UWETP-PPP in Xuchang City, China. Originality/value This paper makes two contributions: first, the fuzzy logic method is applied to provide new ideas for a sustainability assessment of UWETP-PPP, and the assessment results facilitate ways to monitor and estimate the degree of sustainability. Second, the identified indicators of weak sustainability provide useful references for the public and private sectors regarding implementing appropriate measures to improve the sustainability level of UWETP-PPP.
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Osipov, V. I. "Environmental aspects of sustainable development". Вестник Российской академии наук 89, nr 7 (8.07.2019): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873897718-727.
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The term "sustainable development" is based on the fundamental principle of improving human quality of life without destroying the natural environment (the biosphere). Humankind develops through the consumption of renewable (air, water, landscapes, and biota) and nonrenewable (fuel, ores, and other mineral resources) resources from the Earth. Constant renewal of resources is an essential condition for sustainable development. However, the present-day use of nature ignores this requirement, which inevitably leads to the depletion of resources, degradation of ecosystems, and global ecological disaster. This paper considers the modern level of consumption of life-supporting resources, which exceeds the permissible limits, and possible ways to prevent the approaching disaster. We draw several conclusions regarding the necessity to adopt a radically new nature-use strategy on the bases of the rational use and reproduction of resources as well as the development of new technologies of energy production from nontraditional sources.
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Xu, Tian Wei, Yong Feng Deng i Chun Guang Lin. "Analysis on Garden Irrigation for the Recycling and Use of Reclaimed Water". Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (styczeń 2014): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.479.
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The lack of water resource is the resource and environmental problem of various countries in the current international environment face, and a better way to solve the shortage of water resource is to adopt the reclaimed water for civil irrigation. But the development of science and technology in China started late, it leads to that our country doesnt have deep experience in the use of the reclaimed water application technology, thus, the development and requirements of this technology in the domestic world are very urgent and demanding. In this paper, the author makes a detailed technology requirement explanation for the technology requirement level of supervision, technology, technics and management aspect on wastewater reuse technology.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects". Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0008.
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Abstract The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
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Yu, Lili, Yueyuan Ding, Fei Chen, Jie Hou, Guojun Liu, Shinan Tang, Minhua Ling, Yunzhu Liu, Yang Yan i Nan An. "Groundwater resources protection and management in China". Water Policy 20, nr 3 (13.09.2017): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.035.
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Abstract Groundwater is an important water source to support China's economic and social development. Since the 1970s, China, especially the north region, has started to intensively pump groundwater as a water supply for agricultural irrigation, industry and city expansion. To meet the water demand due to the rapid development of the economy and society, groundwater is continuously and disorderly exploited to a great extent for a prolonged time in some regions in China, besides faulty operation and management, and insufficient emphasis on protection, which leads to severe problems of groundwater over-exploitation and contamination. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to groundwater protection. This paper illustrates the general ideas and strategies of groundwater protection and management in China from the aspects of over-exploitation control, quality protection, water ecosystem protection, and implementation of the strictest water management systems.
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Zhang, Yiming. "Research on the Diversified Development of Energy System in China". E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124202004.
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With faster industrial development, the demand for energy increases dramatically. As demand rises, the supply of energy grows a lot. Although with new technologies, traditional energy, such as burning coal, is still the main way of producing energy. Traditional production has a huge and irreversible hurt to the environment, which should be substituted by new clean energy. Finding out the new resources and making them work in the real energy market is the primary goal of energy development. This article mainly describes the current status of China’s natural clean energy, and then combines the advantages and disadvantages of many aspects and proposes several methods suitable for the multiple development of energy. Comprehensively considering the clean and high-efficiency characteristics of future energy development, a circular model of energy consumption and production capacity has been formed in all aspects, reducing energy waste and increasing energy consumption restrictions due to instability. In view of the development characteristics of China’s existing vast land and resources, and the huge energy demand groups, small-quantity, multi-site and diverse energy development is the future trend of China’s energy development. However, the existing utilization and utilization rate of these natural resources are very low, and although a large number of traditional production capacity industries can meet the energy supply demand, they have a great impact on the environment. President Xi once said that green waters and green mountains are our golden and silver mountains. Such environmentally friendly energy development is the ultimate goal we want to achieve.
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Qiu, Jane. "Safeguarding China's water resources". National Science Review 5, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy007.
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Abstract Water is scarce in China. The country ekes by with only one-quarter of the global average for water per person. The scarcity is exacerbated by rampant pollution—with devastating consequences on ecosystems, food supply and public health. In the face of growing population, water pollution threatens the very survival of the Chinese nation. In his speech at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China last October, President Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized the importance to redress the balance between economic development and environmental protection. One of his most frequently cited phrases is ‘clean waters and lush mountains are gold and silver’. And he has matched his rhetoric with action. In April 2015, the State Council, China's cabinet, issued the Water Pollution and Control Action Plan (known as Shuishitiao or Water Ten Plan)—widely hailed as the toughest and most comprehensive water policy to date. Last October, it announced a five-year plan to tackle water pollution, with a budget of 700 billion yuan (US$106 billion). The country's top legislature has also revised the Water Prevention and Control Law, which will go into effect in early 2018. In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo, a panel of experts of diverse backgrounds and perspectives discussed the current status of China's water resources, their views on the comprehensive policy package, how national initiatives have been going, what the challenges are and why information transparency and public participation are absolutely essential in environmental protection. Weijiang Liu Hydrologist at the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China Ji Shen Environment scientist at Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China Chunmiao Zheng Hydrologist at Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China Jun Ma Founder and director of the non-governmental organization Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Beijing, China Tao Tao Environment scientist at the College of Environmental Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment at Tongji University, Shanghai, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wei-wen, Zhou. "Water resources and development of women in arid regions in northern China". Natural Resources Forum 20, nr 2 (maj 1996): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1996.tb00642.x.
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Mengxiong, Chen. "Groundwater resources and development in China". Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 10, nr 3 (październik 1987): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02580469.
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Shao, Ai Jun, Zhi Guang Li i Yuan Huang. "Influences of Environmental Variations on Water Resources". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzec 2013): 2760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2760.
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Environmental variations and the influences on water resources are complicated. According to a great number of the statistical data of Hebei province in Northern China since the 1950s, the analyzing indicated that the water resources volume in Hebei province trended towards decreasing during the recent 50 years as the variations of natural environment and human activities increasing. Precipitation reducing and air temperature rising are the basic cause of leading to the water resources decreasing. The continual lowering of groundwater level, which was created by the excess development of groundwater, not only caused surface runoff decreasing but also made groundwater recharge lessening. The level increase of crop output directly consumed a great lot of water resources, simultaneously had farmland evapotranspiration strengthened, and also brought about surface runoff and groundwater recharge decrease.
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Xie, Xiaomin, Tingting Zhang, Michael Wang i Zhen Huang. "Impact of shale gas development on regional water resources in China from water footprint assessment view". Science of The Total Environment 679 (sierpień 2019): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.069.
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Wu, Fan, Zhicheng Zhuang, Hsin-Lung Liu i Yan-Chyuan Shiau. "Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Using Principal Component Analysis: An Empirical Study in Huai’an, Jiangsu, China". Water 13, nr 18 (19.09.2021): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182587.
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With the rapid development of urbanization, problems such as the tight supply and demand of water resources and the pollution of the water environment have become increasingly prominent, and the pressure on the carrying capacity of water resources has gradually increased. In order to better promote the sustainable development of cities, it is extremely important to coordinate the relationship between water resources and economic society. This study analyzed the current research status of water resources carrying capacity from two aspects, i.e., research perspective and research methodology, established an innovative evaluation system, and used the principal component analysis to analyze the water resources carrying capacity in Huai’an City, an important city in China’s Huaihe River Ecological Economic Zone. Based on the results, it is found that the water resources carrying capacity of Huai’an City has been declining year by year from 2013 to 2019. Based on the evaluation results, suggestions and measures to improve the water resources carrying capacity of the empirical city are proposed to provide an important decision basis for the coordinated development of urban economy, society, and water resources.
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Fang, Guo Hua, Qian Qi Yin, Xian Feng Huang i Shuo Xu. "Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation for Regional Water and Land Resources". Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (wrzesień 2014): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.58.
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With rapid development of society and economy, the issue of water shortage has presently been more and more serious in China. Optimal water and land resources allocation, involving many aspects such as society, economy, ecology etc., is a rational approach to solve this problem. In this study, a substantially improved model, i.e., multi-objective optimal allocation, is established for coordinating the usage of water and land resources. The model was developed on the basis of Immune Genetic Algorithms (IGA), and it mainly includes three objectives and seven constraints. The results of case study show that there is no water shortage in the predicting year of 2020 in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province by using the optimal allocation of water and land resources. The new optimal allocation proposed in this study has a positive influence to promote the economic and social harmonious development and the natural environment protection for coastal areas of China.
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Shen, Ke Yin, i Xian Juan Kou. "Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Golf". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (sierpień 2013): 4069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4069.
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The construction of golf course is restricted by the natural environment, the illegal construction of golf course will also have a certain degree of environmental crisis. Golf has a strong dependence on the land resources, water resources, ecological environment, blind expansion of the golf course, the lack of effective supervision and management situations, will bring the problems of environment and resources. The rapid development of golf in China, on the one hand, has certain positive role on improve the city's investment environment, expand foreign exchanges, activate regional economy. on the other hand, produce many problems, such as the excessive consumption of water resources and a large number of land resources, the destruction of the ecological environment. Sustainable development of golf is inseparable from the protection of the environment, we must establish the concept of ecological civilization, protect the natural environment. The sustainable development of golf will be achieved by establishing and improving environmental protection system, increasing the awareness of managers on protecting environment, building an eco-golf course.
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Huang, Y. "Integrated water resources management using engineering measures". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (10.04.2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-54-2015.
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Abstract. The management process of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) consists of aspects of policies/strategies, measures (engineering measures and non-engineering measures) and organizational management structures, etc., among which engineering measures such as reservoirs, dikes, canals, etc., play the backbone that enables IWRM through redistribution and reallocation of water in time and space. Engineering measures are usually adopted for different objectives of water utilization and water disaster prevention, such as flood control and drought relief. The paper discusses the planning and implementation of engineering measures in IWRM of the Changjiang River, China. Planning and implementation practices of engineering measures for flood control and water utilization, etc., are presented. Operation practices of the Three Gorges Reservoir, particularly the development and application of regulation rules for flood management, power generation, water supply, ecosystem needs and sediment issues (e.g. erosion and siltation), are also presented. The experience obtained in the implementation of engineering measures in Changjiang River show that engineering measures are vital for IWRM. However, efforts should be made to deal with changes of the river system affected by the operation of engineering measures, in addition to escalatory development of new demands associated with socio-economic development.
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Jia, Zimu, Yanpeng Cai, Yan Chen i Weihua Zeng. "Regionalization of water environmental carrying capacity for supporting the sustainable water resources management and development in China". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 134 (lipiec 2018): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.03.030.
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Cui, W. Z., J. Chen, Y. P. Wu i Y. D. Wu. "An overview of water resources management of the Pearl River". Water Supply 7, nr 2 (1.07.2007): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.045.
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This paper summarizes the main features of water resources management of the Pearl River basin in southern China. A regulation over the basin through integrating various regions was first established for enhancing the water resources management. Based on such a regulation, a public policy frame was then constructed aiming for the harmony between human activities and nature. It is hoped that, as a result, the basin's socio-economic sustainable development could be achieved. In practice, the Pearl River Water Resources Commission (PRWRC), which is the basin regulatory authority, has been focusing on various aspects of regulating water basin and conserving water resources. These aspects include the development of innovative regulations of treating water, exploration of compensation schemes for water resources prevention, investigation of the hydraulic engineering project impacts on region relocation and ecology, and establishment of marketing schemes for sustainable application of water resources. It is expected that these regulating water resources aspects would result in enhancing public participation and negotiation in the Pearl River basin management. A case study is presented on the PRWRC's effort in coordinating water discharges from a number of reservoirs to protect the safe water supply in the Pearl River basin from seawater intrusion during the dry season.
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Liu, Yi, i Qun Xu. "Study on Water Environmental Audit". Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (czerwiec 2014): 2080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2080.
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There is a shortage of water resources in china. The amount of water per capita in china is only a quarter amount of the world average per capita. Meanwhile, the water pollution here is very serious. In our country, the economic cost caused by the water pollution is about 40 billion per year. The water pollution accidents have a big influence on the local economic development and the health of people. At the same time, Audit institutions, because of their unique professional advantages, can play a very important role in environmental protection. Thus, Water Environmental Audit is developing gradually acted as a sustained and effective managerial instrument to inspect and supervise the environmental economic activities.
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Yue, Ting, She Rong Hu, Yu Zhang i Xiao Fei Li. "The Block Optimizing Selection and Eco-Environmental Problems of China Shale Gas Exploration and Development". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (czerwiec 2014): 1532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1532.
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China mainland shale gas exploration and development are carrying out gradually. According to shale gas enrichment degree, water resources distribution and the practice of exploration and development, China mainland shale gas resources can be divided into five blocks. On this basis, the author preliminary discussed the distribution of water resources and eco-environmental problems during shale gas exploration and development. Considering the practice of shale gas exploration and development and water resources situation, the author put forward that the Upper Yangtze and Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region would be the most favourable block, and there are problems with China mainland shale gas exploration and development, such as large water consumption, well drilling water leakage and mud loss which would contaminate groundwater. In addition, shale gas well injection (grouting) might cause the occurrence of seismic events. After analyzing the two different kinds of opinions on whether China mainland shale gas exploration and development would cause environmental problems, the author pointed out that, without a doubt, there exist eco-environmental problems during shale gas exploration and development, and further proposed that we should put the environmental protection at first place and take the road of environment-friendly shale gas exploration and development by reference to the exploration and practice of shale gas development both of China and other advanced countries in the world.
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Aoki, Ricardo. "Integrated Water Development Project of Gravataí River Basin, Brazil". Water Science and Technology 19, nr 9 (1.09.1987): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0067.
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The integrated Water Resources Development Project of Gravataí River Basin was prepared by the National Drainage Works Department (DNOS) and the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). An attempt was made to use the capacity available in other departments and specialized institutes. The objective is to provide information for the departments involved in water resources management so as to enable them to establish specific terms for each hydrographic basin to complement the Federal, state and municipal laws. The basin problems were considered in this work including all aspects related to water resources development. With these suggestions the specialized department would be able to define their plans for the future taking into account factors that are not within their field of competence, but which should be taken into account in other fields of work . Conclusions were presented as to flow regulation, flood protection, domestic and industrial wastewater, water supply, irrigation, environmental conservation and navigation.
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Kübeck, Ch, W. van Berk i A. Bergmann. "Modelling raw water quality: development of a drinking water management tool". Water Science and Technology 59, nr 1 (1.01.2009): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.766.
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Ensuring future drinking water supply requires a tough management of groundwater resources. However, recent practices of economic resource control often does not involve aspects of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical groundwater system. In respect of analysing the available quantity and quality of future raw water, an effective resource management requires a full understanding of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical processes within the aquifer. For example, the knowledge of raw water quality development within the time helps to work out strategies of water treatment as well as planning finance resources. On the other hand, the effectiveness of planed measurements reducing the infiltration of harmful substances such as nitrate can be checked and optimized by using hydrogeochemical modelling. Thus, within the framework of the InnoNet program funded by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, a network of research institutes and water suppliers work in close cooperation developing a planning and management tool particularly oriented on water management problems. The tool involves an innovative material flux model that calculates the hydrogeochemical processes under consideration of the dynamics in agricultural land use. The program integrated graphical data evaluation is aligned on the needs of water suppliers.
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Xu, Shu Qin. "Hydropower Development and Prospects Analysis". Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (październik 2014): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.547.
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As a renewable green energy, hydropower resources in the sustainable development of power industry occupies very important position. Water resources are abundant in China, analyze the present situation of hydropower development prospects of the development of hydropower resources, hydropower development for building a harmonious society, to promote economic development and environmental protection has important significance.
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Uniaty, Quintarina. "Green Infrastructure Development in Sustainable Water Resources Management System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (marzec 2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.127.
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The main challenge in the twenty-first century is to work towards a more resilient urban world and sustainable. In the context of a global urban strategy, endurance is the attention to the capacity of urban systems, including the natural environment, the built environment, social and economic elements; to be able to manage change, to learn from a difficult situation and be in a position to rise from urban problems. Globally, the townsfolk face a water crisis within the next ten years, as the impact of climate change in exhaust emissions will affect the quality of air, land and water; which will ultimately reduce the quality of the environment. Sustainability questioned whether certain aspects of the day-to-day activities, and the systems of community life, can be ongoing into the futureonce again from the standpoint of social, economic and environmental. Eco city is a phrase that is often used in ecological issues raised in the concept of sustainable urban planning and green city embodiment of the challenges ahead in sustainable economic development, and the future development of smart green city. The convergence of technology and environmental issues has changed the world economy that offers a green city promising future - a city that appreciates natural heritage and offer all parties involved. This paper will discuss green infrastructure as water management control system in urban development concepts that contribute to build a sustainable green city management.Key words : green infrastructure, water management system.
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Song, Pengsheng, Bai Sun i Dewen Zeng. "Solubility phenomena studies concerning brines in China". Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, nr 11 (1.11.2013): 2097–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-13-04-05.
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Solubility equilibria are relevant to many aspects of chemistry and chemical engineering. Studies on solubility phenomena are of importance in understanding chemistry and in the development of chemical technology. Solubility equilibria are especially useful for geochemists investigating the formation and evolution of natural salt deposits. China possesses an enormous variety of such resources, including salt lakes, underground brines, oilfield brines, and natural soda and borate deposits, etc. With the ongoing economic development of China, the exploitation and comprehensive utilization of these kinds of mineral resources are making great progress. Although much research on aqueous salt systems has been published, solubility equilibria studies have long been an active research field in China. This paper presents a review of solubility research on salt/water systems, encompassing more than 200 papers from Chinese researchers.
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Marchiso, S. "Sustainable management of water resources and international law". Water Science and Technology 42, nr 1-2 (1.07.2000): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0320.
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The need is being increasingly felt within the international community for more careful consideration of the legal and institutional aspects involved in the use and management of water resources. Existing legal regimes, both national and international, may have no provisions for regulating or controlling new needs for sustainable management of waters. Innovative legal frameworks for water must thus be designed to both facilitate and achieve efficient allocation or reallocation of resources for environmental protection and proceed towards the attainment of social, economic and more general sustainable development goals. The no-harm rule, the equitable apportionment principle and the duty of consultation and negotiation among riparian or sharing States are now integrated by rules and standards pertaining to the new branch of international law on sustainable development: the duty of co-operation, the precautionary principle, the prevention rule, the polluter-pays principle, the environmental impact assessment requirement, which are gaining relevance also in the context of international water resources law, as shown by the 1997 New York Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses. Sustainable water management also implies widespread adoption of good governance principles that ensure broader participation in development decisions and an open decision-making process. In developing and using water resources, priority has to be given to the satisfaction of the basic right to water. This paper intends to identify an effective legal international regime for management of water resources, compliant with sustainable development principles solemnly asserted within international law.
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Changming, Liu. "Environmental Issues and the South-North Water Transfer Scheme". China Quarterly 156 (grudzień 1998): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051389.
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China has good resources of land and water. The problem is that they are often not in the same place. The south, which is water-rich, is too hilly for extensive farming. The North China Plain is flat, like France or the Ukraine, but lacks water. It produces 27 per cent of China's grain, but at the cost of serious stresses on its water resource. Deficits in the surface water supply have led to intensified use of the groundwater well beyond the “safe yield” where recharge balances withdrawal. Hence the water table has fallen greatly under both rural and urban areas ever since electric- or diesel-powered tubewells became widespread in the early 1970s. In addition to increased pumping costs and the need to bore ever deeper wells, consequences have included land subsidence, compressing the emptied aquifer in a number of areas and salt water intrusion in coastal areas.