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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Water resources development – Environmental aspects – China"
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Wang, Zilong, Qiuxiang Jiang, Qiang Fu, Xi Jiang i Kaiyue Mo. "Eco-environmental effects of water resources development and utilization in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China". Water Supply 18, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.177.
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Abstract Water resources development and utilization (WRDU) is an important way for humans to utilize natural resources, and has a deep effect on ecological environments. Flat topography, groundwater dependence and a high proportion of agricultural water are the main features of WRDU in Sanjiang Plain. Due to large-scale development in the last 60 years, the ecological environment of Sanjiang Plain has changed significantly. In order to identify the eco-environmental problems and make regional ecological environment and water resources sustainable, trend and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the eco-environmental effects of WRDU from the aspects of water resources, land resources, vegetation and climate. The results show that the regional eco-environmental effects caused by WRDU in Sanjiang Plain are significant. The quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the social and ecological functions of land resources are significantly affected by the regional development and utilization of water resources, while the effect of surface water resources is not obvious. The changes of vegetation and climate are also significant, but the response mechanism to WRDU requires further study. With the changes of extent, pattern and degree of surface water utilization in Sanjiang Plain, the effect of surface water resources is becoming more and more prominent.
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Zhang, Jingdong, Jiatian Fu, Chaoyang Liu, Zhiguang Qu, Yanan Li, Fei Li, Zhaofei Yang i Luping Jiang. "Evaluating Water Resource Assets Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China". Sustainability 11, nr 17 (26.08.2019): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174627.
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With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for water resources continues to sharply increase, which has gradually contributed to serious environmental problems. The Chinese government has proposed establishing a natural resource balance sheet, which is expected to solve this problem by assessing the value of water resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. Based on a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model, 15 indicators were chosen considering the three main aspects of resources, society, and the environment to construct a water resource evaluation indicator system. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight methods were combined to determine the index weight. Based on this, we calculated the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the values of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017 were US$2.910 billion, US$5.006 billion, US$9.223 billion, US$14.167 billion, and US$7.189 billion, respectively. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific foundation for the rational establishment of water prices, the assessment of local natural resource assets, and the preparation of natural resource balance sheets.
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Sun, Jingxin, Xiang Yu, Qishan Xiao, Jianfeng Song i Shikun Sun. "Utilization Characteristics and Sustainability Evaluation of Water Resources in China". Water 10, nr 9 (27.08.2018): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091142.
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Water is an important factor of production contributing to all sectors and regions in the world. With the rapid development of the economy and the increase of population, the water crisis is becoming more and more serious, and will become an important obstacle to the sustainable development of society. It is particularly important to evaluate the sustainability of water resources utilization. Based on the analysis of the regional water resources utilization characteristics, this paper takes 31 provinces in mainland China as the research object and comprehensively evaluates the regional water resources’ sustainability from the aspects of hydrology, environment, economy and technology. The results show: From the regional perspective, the regionalization of China’s various indexes is obvious, the hydrological and environmental indexes in western regions are significantly higher than that in eastern regions; while the economic index in eastern regions is higher than that in western regions. From the time perspective, from 2010 to 2015, the sustainable development of water resources in seven provinces showed an increasing trend. Zhejiang changed from “Good” to “Excellent” and Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang all had slight growth. There are six provinces which show varying degrees of decline, of which Liaoning changes from “Excellent” to “Medium”, Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Guangdong, Hainan also had a slight decline; the rest of the provinces did not change, Qinghai and Chongqing have been maintained as “Excellent”. Taken together, the western regions of China have significant advantages in terms of quantity and quality of water resources, but its water use efficiency is low. However, the economic development in the eastern regions is rapid with high efficiency of water use, but there are some serious problems such as water resources insufficiency and river pollution.
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Zhang, Jingdong, Yanan Li, Chaoyang Liu, Zhiguang Qu, Fei Li, Zhaofei Yang, Luping Jiang i Jiatian Fu. "Application of Set Pair Analysis in a Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Assets: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China". Water 11, nr 8 (18.08.2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081718.
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With the rapid development of the social economy, China is suffering from severe water scarcity due to improper management. Evaluation of water resource value is a crucial issue for innovative management in regional water resources. In this paper, in consideration of the complexity and uncertainty of water resources, 15 indicators were selected to establish the assessment system for its value in Wuhan City from the following three aspects, namely the environment, resources, and society. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method were combined to calculate the comprehensive weight. An improved set pair analysis (SPA) model was applied to evaluate water resource assets in the period of 2013–2017. For the sake of the dependability of these results, the James Pollution Loss model was utilized to compute loss of water resource value caused by the decline of water quality in the water pollution environment. The results show that the amount of water resource through physical quantitative accounting in Wuhan City fluctuates greatly. The initial change is relatively stable, then surges in 2015 and 2016, but slumps in 2017. The total water resource assets for Wuhan City from 2013 to 2017 are 14.221, 14.833, 28.375, 75.558, and 21.315 billion RMB, respectively. Therefore, water resource value accounting plays an indispensable role in the environmental protection and sustainable development of water, as well as provides a support for comprehensive calculation and management of various valuable natural resources.
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Li, Jun, Yanqiu Pei, Shaohua Zhao, Rulin Xiao, Xiao Sang i Chengye Zhang. "A Review of Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring in China". Remote Sensing 12, nr 7 (2.04.2020): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071130.
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The natural environment is essential for human survival and development since it provides water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources etc. As a developing country, China has witnessed a significant change in the natural environment in recent decades; and therefore, monitoring and mastering the status of the environment is of great significance. Due to the characteristics of large-scale and dynamic observation, remote sensing technology has been an indispensable approach for environmental monitoring. This paper reviews the satellite resources, institutions and policies for environmental monitoring in China, and the advances in research and application of remote sensing from five aspects: ecological index retrieval, environmental monitoring in protected areas, rural areas, urban areas and mining areas. The remote sensing models and methods for various types of environmental monitoring, and the specific applications in China are comprehensively summarized. This paper also points out major challenges existing at the current stage: satellite sensor problems, integrated use challenges of datasets, uncertainty in the retrieval process of ecological variables, scaling effect problems, a low degree of automation, the weak ability of forecasting and comprehensive analysis, and a lack of computational power for massive datasets. Finally, the development trend and future directions are put forward to direct the research and application of environmental monitoring and protection in the new era.
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Moore, Scott M. "Legitimacy, Development and Sustainability: Understanding Water Policy and Politics in Contemporary China". China Quarterly 237 (6.12.2018): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001704.
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AbstractMore so than for other countries, the management of China's water resources is an important aspect of its policy and politics, yet existing scholarly attempts to understand this importance are scattered among a wide range of sub-literatures that lack a unifying theoretical framework. This article attempts to identify common themes and features of the relationship between water, politics and governance in contemporary China by examining how this relationship has unfolded in historical perspective. It identifies three basic objectives that have shaped the politics and governance of China's water resources over time: legitimacy, economic development and environmental sustainability. These objectives map, though imperfectly, onto different periods in the history of the People's Republic of China, thereby highlighting how they have evolved. Together, these objectives explain policies towards, and the politics of, water resources in contemporary China. This understanding shows that water both shapes and reflects Chinese politics, and highlights the need for a theoretically coherent sub-literature on Chinese water policy and politics.
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Duan, Bin, Gang Chen, Maoying Tang i Qinzhi Yan. "Early demonstration and research on the key technical issues of large-basin hydropower development under the concept of harmony". Clean Energy 4, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkz016.
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Abstract As a typical representative of hydropower development in China, the Dadu River is characterized by abundant water resources, poor geological conditions, many resettlements and limited environmental capacity. Therefore, the technical problems faced by Dadu River hydropower development are numerous and complex. We analysed these technical problems, such as the hydropower-development mode, normal water level, dam-site selection, damming technology, migration resettlement and environmental protection. The concept and characteristics of harmonious hydropower development are identified. The harmonious hydropower-development concept has been applied to all aspects of the Dadu River hydropower-development feasibility study to solve the key technical problems of hydropower development on the Dadu River and to promote the development of China’s hydropower.
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Li, Y., W. Li, B. Wang, X. W. Liu, Y. L. Xie i L. Liu. "An inexact multi-objective programming model for water resources management in industrial parks of Binhai New Area, China". Water Science and Technology 72, nr 10 (5.08.2015): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.413.
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In recent years, Binhai New Area of Tianjin has been suffering severe water shortage due to climate change and industrial activities. Integrated and effective water resources management approaches are urgent for the sustainable development of industrial parks in Binhai New Area. However, uncertainties exist in many aspects of the water resources system and are inevitably problematic for water resources planning and policy-making. To address these uncertainties, an interval multiple-objective programming model was developed here to support the long-term planning of industrial water resources management in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China. The model incorporated both multiple-objective programming and interval linear programming into a general programming framework. The developed model could handle the uncertainties and complexities of the water management system, and also allowed decision makers to adjust fuzzy objective control decision variables to satisfy multiple holistic and interactive objectives. The solutions are useful for planning adjustments of the existing water allocation patterns in Binhai New Area.
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Velasco-Muñoz, Juan, José Aznar-Sánchez, Luis Belmonte-Ureña i Isabel Román-Sánchez. "Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research". Sustainability 10, nr 4 (5.04.2018): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10041084.
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Sustainability of water use in agriculture is a line of research that has gained in importance worldwide. The present study reviewed 25 years of international research on sustainable water use in agriculture. A bibliometric analysis was developed to sample 2084 articles. Results indicate exponential growth in the number of articles published per year, with research in this field having acquired a global scale. Environmental Science and Agricultural and Biological Sciences are the main categories. Three journals—Agricultural Water Management, Water Resources Management and Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Agricultural Engineering—published the most of the articles. China, the U.S., Australia, India and Germany produced the most research. The three institutions that published the most articles were all Chinese (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University and Northwest A&F University). The most cited authors were Ridoutt, Hoekstra and Zhang. The keywords most frequently used include: water-use, irrigation, water-management, water-supply, and sustainability. A network map shows three clusters that focus on the environmental, agronomic and management aspects. The findings of this study can assist researchers in this field by providing an overview of research on the sustainability of hydric resources.
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Li, Sun, Yuan i Liu. "Evaluation Methods of Water Environment Safety and Their Application to the Three Northeast Provinces of China". Sustainability 11, nr 18 (19.09.2019): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185135.
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Focusing on the topic of water environment safety of China, this paper has selected the three northeast provinces of China as the research object due to their representativeness in economic development and resource security. By using the Entropy Weight Method, the Grey Correlation Analysis Method, and the Principal Component Analysis Method, this paper has first constructed a water environment safety evaluation system with 17 indicators from the economic, environmental, and ecological aspects. Furthermore, this paper has screened the initially selected indicators by the Principal Component Analysis Method and finally determined 11 indicators as the evaluation indicators. After indicator screening, this paper has adopted the improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to evaluate the water environment safety of the three northeast provinces of China and obtained the change in water environment safety of different provinces from 2009 to 2017. The results show that the overall water environment safety of the region had improved first but worsened afterward, and that in terms of water safety level, Jilin Province ranked first, followed by Heilongjiang Province and Liaoning Province. The three factors that have the greatest impact on the water environment safety of the three provinces are: Liaoning—Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 17.10), Per Capita Disposable Income (score: 13.50), and Secondary Industry Output (score: 11.50); Heilongjiang—Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 18.64), Per Capita Water Resources (score: 12.75), and Concentration of Inhalable Particles (score: 10.89); Jilin—Per Capita Water Resources (score: 15.75), Chemical Oxygen Demand (score: 14.87), and Service Industry Output (score: 11.55). Based on analysis of the evaluation results, this paper has proposed corresponding policy recommendations to improve the water environment safety and promote sustainable development in the northeast provinces of China.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Water resources development – Environmental aspects – China"
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Hunt, Richard Peter Lewis. "The environmental impacts of upgrading the Olushandja Dam, northern Namibia". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14714.
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Includes bibliographical references.The purpose of this dissertation is to assess and evaluate various water level management options for the upgrading of Olushandja Dam in northern Namibia within the framework of the environmental impact assessment carried out for the project. This will enable the Namibian Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to improve their management of the dam for the benefit of the local communities and consumers in the Oshana Water Region (Figure 5 . 1). The dam has been in existence since 1975 and is part of the Calueque-Olushandja inter-basin water transfer scheme. A pipeline and a series of canals links Calueque Dam , on the Cunene River in Angola , with Olushandja Dam in Namibia and the urban areas to the east and south. In order to provide for the expected increase in water requirements from agricultural and rural development the scheme is presently being upgraded. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) was initiated in 1994 by the DWA as a requirement of the Dutch Government who are funding the project. Biophysical studies were undertaken by staff from the DWA and private consultants from Windhoek. The socio-economic study was carried out by a study team from the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, in association with a consultant from the University's Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU). The EEU was appointed to compile a full EIA based on the findings of the specialist reports. This report is expected to be completed by October 1995.
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Li, Jia. "Impact of tourism development on the Wolong Nature Reserve, China : perceptions of tourists and local residents". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1006.
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Yates, Michelle Joan. "Social impact assessment of changing the water level in the Olushandja Dam". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17001.
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Includes bibliography.The Olushandja dam is located in the northern part of Namibia, in the Omusati region - one of the four regions into which the former Ovamboland was divided after independence. The Olushandja dam is part of a two-dam supply system comprising the Calueque dam, on the Cunene river in Angola and the Olushandja dam in Namibia. Construction on Olushandja dam was completed in 1975. It acts as a storage and balancing dam for water supplied from Calueque. Olushandja dam is 17, 7kms long and about 300m wide. For the last 20 years it has been managed at 30% as this is the capacity at which evaporation balances injection of water into the dam and seepage. As part of a plan to upgrade the pumping facilities at Calueque and Olushandja dams, upgrading at Olushandja was initiated early in 1995, and involved repairing the north wall pump station and pumps, and the repair of the sluice gates at the south wall. Upgrading of the Calueque facilities is envisaged for 1996. With upgrading virtually complete at Olushandja, the UCT team were commissioned to conduct a SIA on the effect of changing the water level in the dam on the rural communities living in the vicinity of the dam. The SIA forms part of a full EIA looking at the overall environmental effect of changing the water level at which the dam is currently managed. The impact of the SIA will therefore be in terms of management rather than construction.
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Davidson, Michael Raphael. "Institutional structures for equitable and sustainable water resource management in the Middle East". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3063.
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Water management is a challenge in the Middle East today because of increasing population, decreasing water quality, political instability and security concerns. Israel and the Palestinian Authority share the three major freshwater sources in an inequitable and unsustainable manner. This study details the hydro-geological, political, cultural and legal challenges to equitable and sustainable water resource management in the region.
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Wasike, Wilson S. K. "Contingent valuation of river pollution control and domestic water supply in Kenya". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2169.
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The basic theme of this study is that determination of the economic value of water resources is a necessary condition for rational decision-making and management of these environmental assets, and their associated public goods, in developing countries. The research particularly evaluates the contingent valuation (CV) method as a technique for evaluating increments and decrements in environmental and natural resource service flows, and estimates households' evaluations for improvements in river water quality and connections to piped water supply for domestic uses. The study objectives were to (a) estimate the economic value of piped water supply and improved water quality in the Nzoia River Basin, Kenya, (b) evaluate the feasibility of using the CV technique to value an environmental amenity and its related quasi-public service in rural settings where respondents have limited education and monetary resources, (c) examine the role of temporal dimensions of bid payments (i e, frequency of payments) in contingent values for environmental commodities, (d) empirically investigate embedding effect bias in contingent valuation of improvements in river water quality improvement in a less developed economy, and (e) evaluate the role of water connection charges in households' willingness to hook onto piped water supply in Webuye Division, Kenya. Empirical analysis and estimates of the non-market value which local people assign to water quality in the Nzoia River and a private household water connection is based on a detailed survey of a representative sample of 311 households in Webuye Division of Bungoma District, Kenya. In an on-site survey carried out in May through September 1995, contingent markets were developed for the two goods, (1) improved river water quality, and, (2) provision of a private connection to water supply. The corresponding willingness to pay (WTP) values are explained using Ordinary Least Square regression models. Whatever the good, the WTP is seen to increase with income. However, the effects of other factors are more specific to the contingent good. In order of strength, the other determinants of WTP "quality" are sex, age, household ranking of status of domestic water source, distance from river to household residence, the other factors affecting WTP "connections" are existing source of water supply, household size, ranking of river water quality, and age of household head. On the whole, residents accepted the exercise of contingent valuation and were willing to pay important amounts (Ksh 459 and Ksh 386 on average per household per year, respectively, for goods 1 and 2). Discussion issues include policy significance of the resulting WTPs in terms of the demand for river pollution control and individual household water connections, the effect of the goods upon the CV evaluation process, the "Third World" impacts of frequency of payments in contingent valuation, including perceived-frequency and income-smoothing routes, the embedding effect in WTP values for water pollution abatement in the Nzoia River basin, the importance of pricing influences, specially payment profiles for initial connection charges, on household decisions to connect to piped water systems, and limitations of the study.
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Riley, Timothy. "Trans-boundary river basins: a discourse on water scarcity, conflict, and water resource management". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4396/.
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This thesis is an inquiry regarding the interconnections between water scarcity, geopolitics, resource management, and the strategies for developing effective ways to resolve conflict and encourage sustainable water resource use in developing countries. The ecological services of trans-boundary rivers are explored in conjunction with the potential impacts to freshwater availability due to economic modernization, water resource development, and decision making regimes that determine how water is allocated among competing users. Anthropogenic stressors that induce water scarcity and the geopolitical mechanisms of conflict are studied. A discourse on the creation and functional extent of global and localized water ethics is investigated, emphasizing the importance of perceptual dispositions of water users in understanding the value of trans-boundary river basins.
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Dwyer, Brian James. "Aspects of governance and public participation in remediation of the Murray-Darling Basin /". View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060517.130206/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Sydney, Sydney, January 2004." Includes bibliography : leaves 359 - 369.
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Lopes, Thiara Reis. "Caracterização do esgoto sanitário e lodo proveniente de reator anaeróbio e de lagoas de estabilização para avaliação da eficiência na remoção de contaminantes". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1285.
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CAPESAs Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs), são utilizadas com o objetivo de simular os fenômenos naturais de degradação em condições controladas para promover o tratamento dos esgotos, durante este processo, ocorre à produção de um subproduto denominado lodo de esgoto, constituído basicamente por uma mistura de matéria orgânica e inorgânica, que durante o processo de tratamento do esgoto permanece acumulada no sistema. As características do esgoto e do lodo estão relacionadas com as atividades antrópicas, condições climáticas, avanços tecnológicos que também contribuem com a inserção de compostos de difícil degradação, raramente tratados e removidos por processos convencionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as características do esgoto e do lodo gerado em dois sistemas convencionais aplicados no tratamento do esgoto, estimar a eficiência dos sistemas e indicar o melhor potencial uso agrícola do lodo produzido. Para isso, foram determinados no afluente e efluente dos sistemas de tratamento biológico os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais, sólidos totais fixos, sólidos totais voláteis, sólidos sedimentáveis, Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio amoniacal). No lodo foram determinados parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, fósforo, potássio, íons metálicos, sólidos totais, sólidos totais fixos, sólidos totais voláteis, umidade, matéria orgânica e carbono orgânico total) e biológicos (coliformes termotolerantes, E. coli, Salmonella sp.). Os isolados de E. coli e Salmonella sp. foram submetidos a testes de susceptibilidade a agentes antimicrobianos. Os resultados indicaram que os esgotos avaliados apresentaram pH próximos à neutralidade e temperaturas ótimas para as atividades bacterianas. Ao comparar os sistemas de tratamento, a ETE operada com lagoas foi mais eficiente na conversão de nitrogênio amoniacal, sólidos e menor eficiência na redução da DQO. Todos os parâmetros avaliados no esgoto, apresentaram concentrações inferiores aos limites estabelecidos na legislação, exceto o nitrogênio amoniacal, e em determinadas amostragens a DQO e o OD. Em relação ao lodo, este apresentou pH próximos à neutralidade, a concentração de fósforo, potássio e matéria orgânica no lodo do sistema operado com RALF foi superior a do sistema operado com lagoas. Às concentrações dos íons metálicos no lodo do RALF foram superiores às do lodo do leito de secagem, nas lagoas essas concentrações reduziram durante o processo de tratamento. Ao comparar as ETEs, às concentrações dos íons metálicos foram maiores no lodo do RALF, exceto Mn e Ni, e a concentração de Fe foi semelhante entre os sistemas. No lodo do RALF, do leito de secagem e das lagoas foram detectadas colônias de Salmonella sp. resistentes à amoxicilina (10µg), tetraciclina (30µg) e cefalotina (30µg). As colônias de E. coli, foram sensíveis apenas à gentamicina. Este estudo possibilitou avaliar a eficiência destes sistemas convencionais de tratamento de esgotos, os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de utilizar métodos adequados de tratamento que possibilitem a remoção desses antibióticos e inativação dos microrganismos patogênicos, pois indicam um potencial risco das ETEs na dispersão desses no ambiente.
The Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are used in order to simulate the natural degradation phenomena using controlled conditions to promote sewage treatment, a byproduct called sewage sludge is produced during this process, this is one blend of organic and inorganic material, it was accumulated in the system during the sewage treatment process. The sewage and sludge characteristics are related to human activities, weather conditions. Technological advances can contribute to the insertion of some compounds that are difficult to degrade, rarely treated and removed by conventional methods. This research aims to evaluate the sewage and sludge characteristics, estimating the efficiency of two conventional treatment systems and verify the agricultural potential use of sludge produced. For this, were determined in the influent and effluent of the biological systems of wastewater treatment some physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), total solids, total fixed solids, total volatile solids, settleable solids, chemistry oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen). In the sludge were determined physico-chemical parameters (pH, total solids, total fixed solids, total volatile solids, total phosphorus, total K, metals, humidity, organic matter and total organic carbon) and biological (CTT, E. coli, Salmonella sp.). The isolates of E. coli and Salmonella sp. were tested to antimicrobial agents. The results indicated the pH in sewage was near to neutrality and optimum temperatures for bacterial activities. By comparing the treatment systems, the WWTP operated with ponds was more efficient in ammonia nitrogen conversion, removing solids and less efficient in reducing COD. All results were below the limits established by law, except ammonia nitrogen and in some samples the DO and COD. The pH in sludge was slightly acid and near neutrality. The concentration of phosphorus, potassium and organic material in the sludge collected in the system operated with RALF exceeded the system operated with ponds. The concentrations of metal ions in sludge of RALF were higher than those of the sludge drying bed, in ponds the concentrations decreased during the treatment process, to compare the WWTPs, the concentrations of metal ions were higher in RALF sludge, except Mn and Ni, and the Fe concentration was similar. In the sludge of RALF, in the drying bed and ponds were detected Salmonella sp. resistant to amoxicillin (10µg), tetracycline (30µg) and cephalothin (30µg). The E. coli were susceptible only to gentamicin. This study evaluated the efficiency of these conventional systems applied in sewage treatment, the results suggest the need to use appropriate methods of treatment to removal of these antibiotics and inactivation the pathogenic microorganisms, this indicate a potential hazard of these WWTPs in the dispersion of the environment.
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Tshimanga, Raphael Muamba. "Hydrological uncertainty analysis and scenario-based streamflow modelling for the Congo River Basin". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006158.
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The effects of climate and environmental change are likely to exacerbate water stress in Africa over the next five decades. It appears obvious, therefore, that large river basins with considerable total renewable water resources will play a prominent role in regional cooperation to alleviate the pressure of water scarcity within Africa. However, managing water resources in the large river basins of Africa involves problems of data paucity, lack of technical resources and the sheer scale of the problem. These river basins are located in regions that are characterized by poverty, low levels of economic development and little food security. The rivers provide multiple goods and services that include hydro-power, water supply, fisheries, agriculture, transportation, and maintenance of aquatic ecosystems. Sustainable water resources management is a critical issue, but there is almost always insufficient data available to formulate adequate management strategies. These basins therefore represent some of the best test cases for the practical application of the science associated with the Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB). The thesis presents the results of a process-based hydrological modelling study in the Congo Basin. One of the primary objectives of this study was to establish a hydrological model for the whole Congo Basin, using available historical data. The secondary objective of the study was to use the model and assess the impacts of future environmental change on water resources of the Congo Basin. Given the lack of adequate data on the basin physical characteristics, the preliminary work consisted of assessing available global datasets and building a database of the basin physical characteristics. The database was used for both assessing relationships of similarities between features of physiographic settings in the basin (Chapters 3 and 4), and establishing models that adequately represent the basin hydrology (Chapters 5, 6, and 7). The representative model of the Congo Basin hydrology was then used to assess the impacts of future environmental changes on water resources availability of the Congo Basin (Chapter 8). Through assessment of the physical characteristics of the basin, relationships of similarities were used to determine homogenous regions with regard to rainfall variability, physiographic settings, and hydrological responses. The first observation that comes from this study is that these three categories of regional groups of homogenous characteristics are sensible with regards to their geographical settings, but the overlap and apparent relationships between them are weak. An explanation of this observation is that there are insufficient data, particularly associated with defining sub-surface processes, and it is possible that additional data would have assisted in the discrimination of more homogenous groups and better links between the different datasets. The model application in this study consisted of two phases: model calibration, using a manual approach, and the application of a physically-based a priori parameter estimation approach. While the first approach was designed to assess the general applicability of the model and identify major errors with regard to input data and model structure, the second approach aimed to establish an understanding of the processes and identify useful relationships between the model parameters and the variations in real hydrological processes. The second approach was also designed to quantify the sensitivity of the model outputs to the parameters of the model and to encompass information sharing between the basin physical characteristics and quantifying the parameters of the model. Collectively, the study’s findings show that these two approaches work well and are appropriate to represent the real hydrological processes of Congo Basin. The secondary objective of this study was achieved by forcing the hydrological model developed for the Congo Basin with downscaled Global Climate Model (GCMs) data in order to assess scenarios of change and future possible impacts on water resources availability within the basin. The results provide useful lessons in terms of basin-wide adaptation measures to future climates. The lessons suggest that there is a risk of developing inappropriate adaptation measures to future climate change based on large scale hydrological response, as the response at small scales shows a completely different picture from that which is based on large scale predictions. While the study has concluded that the application of the hydrological model has been successful and can be used with some degree of confidence for enhanced decision making, there remain a number of uncertainties and opportunities to improve the methods used for water resources assessment within the basin. The focus of future activities from the perspective of practical application should be on improved access to data collection to increase confidence in model predictions, on dissemination of the knowledge generated by this study, and on training in the use of the developed water resources assessment techniques.
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Tiondi, Evaline. "Women, Environment and Development: Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America". Scholar Commons, 2000. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000028.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Water resources development – Environmental aspects – China"
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China's water warriors: Citizen action and policy change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.
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Mertha, Andrew. China's water warriors: Citizen action and policy change : with a new preface. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.
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Where the dragon meets the Angry River: Nature and power in the People's Republic of China. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.
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Philip, Woodhouse, red. Water resources and development. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
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A, Pykh I͡U︡, red. Sustainable water resources management. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2003.
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Anisfeld, Shimon C. Water resources. Washington: Island Press, 2010.
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Yurdusev, M. A. Environmental impacts in water resources planning. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2002.
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Rees, Judith. Water for life: Strategies for sustainable water resource management. London: Council for the Protection of Rural England, 1993.
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Water resources. Washington: Island Press, 2010.
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Irvine, Kim. Water resources and development in Southeast Asia. New York: Learning Solutions, 2010.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Water resources development – Environmental aspects – China"
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Deng, Wei, Jing Ma, Long Yan i Ying Zhang. "Dynamic Water Environmental Capacity Calculations of Rivers Based on Hydrological Processes". W Sustainable Development of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering in China, 57–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61630-8_6.
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Wang, Lingyue, i Xiaoliu Yang. "Estimation of Environmental Water Requirements via an Ecological Approach: A Case Study of Yongnian Wetland, Haihe Basin, China". W Sustainable Development of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering in China, 377–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61630-8_32.
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Ma, Laurence J. C., i Liu Changming. "Water Resources Development and Its Environmental Impact in Beijing 1". W China Geographer, 101–16. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429042133-6.
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"The challenges of water resources and environmental impact of China mainland unconventional gas exploration and development". W Advanced Engineering and Technology, 493–500. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16699-78.
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Nallathiga, Ramakrishna. "Natural Resources Accounting for Sustainable Development". W Green Technologies, 1739–50. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch712.
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Economic growth has been conventionally looked upon as the measure for the development of society, while ignoring the other aspects viz., human development, natural resources, environment and ecology. In the conventional accounting of economic development, the value of services and goods provided by natural resources like air, water, land and biota are ignored; neither any attempts are made to monitor and account for the changes in natural resources and environment. For the economic development to be sustainable, the environmental costs have to be limited and to be growing at slower pace than the economic gains. In this chapter, an attempt is made to outline the importance of using Natural Resource Accounting (NRA) for sustainable development through an attempt to estimate the environmental costs and benefits, and also to compare with economic growth in the case of India. This chapter highlights the potential of using NRA to make decisions for sustainable development through policies for conservation, management and development of natural resources.
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Nallathiga, Ramakrishna. "Natural Resources Accounting for Sustainable Development". W Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 38–49. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-709-1.ch004.
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Economic growth has been conventionally looked upon as the measure for the development of society, while ignoring the other aspects viz., human development, natural resources, environment and ecology. In the conventional accounting of economic development, the value of services and goods provided by natural resources like air, water, land and biota are ignored; neither any attempts are made to monitor and account for the changes in natural resources and environment. For the economic development to be sustainable, the environmental costs have to be limited and to be growing at slower pace than the economic gains. In this chapter, an attempt is made to outline the importance of using Natural Resource Accounting (NRA) for sustainable development through an attempt to estimate the environmental costs and benefits, and also to compare with economic growth in the case of India. This chapter highlights the potential of using NRA to make decisions for sustainable development through policies for conservation, management and development of natural resources.
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Mazur, Natalia, Dariusz Nowak i Vasyl Zalizko. "Problems of sustainable development and challenges related to production". W Production–operation management. The chosen aspects, 183–229. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-059-3/06.
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Due to the changes taking place in the environment of enterprises, many problems arise in their strategic and operational activities. The basis of the emerging problems is primarily the overproduction associated with short product life cycles. It contributes to the excessive use of various types of natural resources, often in a predatory manner. On the one hand, such an approach increases waste, and on the other, contributes to the destructive degradation of the environment. The result is a lack of food and water in some countries, climate change and related extreme weather phenomena, as well as various types of disasters, such as pandemics, fires, floods, droughts, etc. Water, air and land pollution as well as global warming are reflected in deteriorating quality of life. Despite many threats, more and more enterprises perceive the danger and undertake various types of adaptive projects. It should also be emphasized that the environmental awareness of both micro-enterprises and large corporations is growing. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the basic problems that companies may encounter in their operations activity. First, changes in the environment are discussed, with particular emphasis on the depletion of natural resources, pollution of a destructive nature, as well as waste and its causes. The next part deals with the topic of globalization, pointing to both positive and negative aspects. Technical progress and related aspects such as new technologies, new processes and materials are discussed in the next part. In this part, particular attention is paid to improving productivity, thanks to the implementation of new technical solutions. Technical progress is directly related to the innovations presented in the next section. This section describes the types of innovation according to various criteria as well as factors that are conducive to increments in the level of innovation in the enterprise. The last part is devoted to the most important factor in operational activity—human esources. Competences, qualifications and the importance of human resources in the production process were discussed.
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Zheng, Haixia, Stale Navrud i Shiran Shen. "What Price for Ecosystem Services in China?" W Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 176–98. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1886-0.ch010.
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Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the watershed has been widely adopted as an important policy instrument to compensate upstream water users for providing water quality improvement for the whole river basin. In this paper, we use three independent valuation methods to determine the price of ecosystem service (ES), particularly water quality, in Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. We find that the value of water quality is lowest using opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR), highest with contingent valuation method (CVM), and water resources benefits assessment (WRBA) gives an in-between value. OCLDR determines the size of subsidies from those that benefit from water quality improvement from upstream. WRBA is a reference for compensation criteria to the upstream government and farmers when water resources are transferred across jurisdictional boundaries. CVM not only captures the direct value of water quality improvement, but also the indirect value of improvement in other ecosystem services as a result of improvement in water quality. Based on the results, we propose a multi-level ecological compensation system for the Miyun Reservoir river basin. We use OCLDR to determine subsides/ compensation to upstream farmers and other suppliers of the ES; WRBA set the price of water transfer; and CVM to figure out the size of payments for integrated water quality improvement.
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Liu, Dong, Wenting Liu i Tianqi Luo. "The Effect Degree Analysis of Human Activities on Regional Groundwater Level Based on Variable Fuzzy Optimization Model". W Civil and Environmental Engineering, 466–79. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch019.
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Along with the population increasing and social economic developing rapidly, the groundwater resource is affected by human activities seriously. In order to achieve optimal local allocation of water resources and promotion of local economic development, a suitable method for measuring the effect degree of human activities on groundwater resource system is very important. In this paper, regarding Hongxinglong Administration of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation in China as the study area, the comprehensive assessment system to analysis the influence of human activities on groundwater level change with eight evaluated indicators closely related to the amount of groundwater exploitation is established by applying variable fuzzy optimization model. According to relative superiority, the function of effect degree index to evaluate the impact situation is constructed. The results in 2012 show that the human activities on Farm Youyi have the strongest impact on groundwater level variation, while Farm Beixing weakest. Comparing the results from 2003 to 2012, the trend of most effect degree indices reveals decrease by some effective measures. However, there are four farms whose human activities have a stronger influence on groundwater table.
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Rathoure, Ashok K. "Environmentally Friendly Technologies". W Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–12. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch001.
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Any technology that is developed and used will have certain components or constituting mechanisms such as materials used, procedure, or technological process involved. The quality of life on planet with respect to environment such as fresh air to breathe, clean water for drinking, and other purposes are essential for all forms of life on earth. Therefore, whatever developments are undertaken should not degrade our environment. It is essential to bear in mind that whatever development, be it construction, new power plants, transportation modes, etc., should be carefully weighed in terms of its contribution to the environment, especially if there are any negative aspects that emerge from use of machinery, equipment, technologies, etc. We should analyze any technology that we use in terms of its cost-benefit study. Here in this chapter, the authors have discussed environmentally friendly technologies for our sustainability to use the natural resources wisely with some case studies of natural as well as manmade disasters.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Water resources development – Environmental aspects – China"
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Karnyshev, Alexander. "Psychologo-Economic and Environmental Assessment Baikal Resources in the Geopolitics of China and Russia". W Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.37.
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In geopolitics, the concepts of geography and territory are reduced to the fundamental aspects of relations between States, they serve as a basic method of interpreting the past, they act as the main factors of human existence, organizing all other aspects of existence around them. It is in this perspective that the article examines the attitude to Baikal in the history of the mutually linked foreign policy of Russia and China. It is noted that the Mongols and Manchus, who once conquered China, not only found themselves largely assimilated by the defeated society, but over time, a large part of their ancestral territories began to be perceived as native Chinese. Far from being justified, this also applied to Baikal, although the Yakut etymology of its name, associated with the ethnic ancestors of the Yakuts — the Huns, has been clearly traced since ancient times. Since ancient times, Buryats and Evenks who voluntarily became part of Russia have lived around Baikal. Modern development is characterized by the “penetration” of the Chinese into the business of Asian Russia. In the Baikal region, this focus has basically three goals: forest, clean water, and ownership of land and other natural resources. In a special row, it is necessary to put projects for supplying the population of some Chinese territories with Baikal water, which is planned to be transported both in bottled form and in the future through pipes.
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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal i Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.
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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
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Liu, Chengcheng. "Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/subf4944.
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In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.
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Wang, Jianlong, Nannan Tu, Liqiong Yang i Guangpeng Xi. "Development of Stormwater Management in China: Twenty Years Preview". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480632.014.
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Xiangming, Zhang, i Wang Jiancheng. "Development and Utilization of Water Resources in Northern China". W World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)122.
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Zhang, Feng, Ronghe Wang, Haibo Yang, Xiaoxue Wang i Jing Luo. "Development and Application of Early Warning System for Drinking Water Security in Dongguan, China". W World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.075.
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Li, Runjie, Yongan Wen, Kaixiang Guo, Zhuping Sheng i Shaofeng Jia. "Water Resources Management Strategies for Development of a Water-Saving Society in Golmu City, Qinghai Province, China". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)283.
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Chang, Ming-Qi, i Yan-Li Fan. "Discussion on the Situation of Water Resources Security in China". W 2015 International Conference on Energy, Environmental & Sustainable Ecosystem Development (EESED 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814723008_0096.
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Xiao, Dacheng, i Haifeng Jia. "Model Development for Drinking Water Security in Tidal River, Case Study: Minjiang River, Southeast of Fujian, China". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.049.
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Qiuxia, Zhang, i Chen Minjian. "Eco-environmental problems caused by water resources development in Xiliao river watershed, China". W 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058394.
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