Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Water quality state estimation

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  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Water quality state estimation”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Munavalli, G. R., i M. S. Mohan Kumar. "Water Quality Parameter Estimation in Steady-State Distribution System". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129, nr 2 (marzec 2003): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2003)129:2(124).

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Xu, Daxing, Hailun Wang i Lu Zhang. "A new water quality state estimation method with an unknown state model". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 217 (2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26755.

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Łangowski, Rafał, i Mietek Brdys. "Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval Estimator". International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 17, nr 2 (1.06.2007): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y.

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Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval EstimatorThis paper describes the design of an interval observer for the estimation of unmeasured quality state variables in drinking water distribution systems. The estimator utilizes a set bounded model of uncertainty to produce robust interval bounds on the estimated state variables of the water quality. The bounds are generated by solving two differential equations. Hence the numerical efficiency is sufficient for on-line monitoring of the water quality. The observer is applied to an exemplary water network and its performance is validated by simulations.
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Choi, Hyoung-Sub, In-Cheol Cho, Jong-Hwan Byun, Byung-Hyun Moon i Jong-Soo Heo. "Estimation of Water Quality and Trophic State in the Hapcheon Lake". Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 22, nr 1 (31.03.2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2003.22.1.001.

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Munavalli, G. R., i M. S. Mohan Kumar. "Water quality parameter estimation in a distribution system under dynamic state". Water Research 39, nr 18 (listopad 2005): 4287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.07.043.

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Rauch, W., M. Henze, L. Koncsos, P. Reichert, P. Shanahan, L. Somlyódy i P. Vanrolleghem. "River water quality modelling: I. State of the art". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 11 (1.12.1998): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0473.

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River water quality models are used extensively in research as well as in the design and assessment of water quality management measures. The application of mathematical models for that purpose dates back to the initial studies of oxygen depletion due to organic waste pollution. Since then, models have been constantly refined and updated to meet new and emerging problems of surface water pollution, such as eutrophication, acute and chronic toxicity, etc. In order to handle the complex interactions caused by the increased influence of human activities in rivers it is today mandatory to couple river water quality models with models describing emissions from the drainage and sewerage system (such as the IAWQ Activated Sludge model No. 1). In this paper-which is the first of a three-part series by the IAWQ Task Group on River Water Quality Modelling-the state of the art is summarized with the above aim in mind. Special attention is given here to the modelling of conversion processes but also the methods and tools to work with the models, i.e. parameter estimation, measurement campaign design, and simulation software, are discussed.
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Łangowski, Rafał, i Mietek A. Brdys. "An Interval Estimator for Chlorine Monitoring in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Under Uncertain System Dynamics, Inputs and Chlorine Concentration Measurement Errors". International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 27, nr 2 (27.06.2017): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2017-0022.

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AbstractThe design of an interval observer for estimation of unmeasured state variables with application to drinking water distribution systems is described. In particular, the design process of such an observer is considered for estimation of the water quality described by the concentration of free chlorine. The interval observer is derived to produce the robust interval bounds on the estimated water quality state variables. The stability and robustness of the interval observer are investigated under uncertainty in system dynamics, inputs, initial conditions and measurement errors. The bounds on the estimated variables are generated by solving two systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. For that reason, despite a large scale of the systems, the numerical efficiency is sufficient for the on-line monitoring of the water quality. Finally, in order to validate the performance of the observer, it is applied to the model of a real water distribution network.
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Shakhman, I. A., i N. S. Loboda. "Water quality estimation at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, by hydrochemical parameters". Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, nr 17 (29.10.2017): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.17.2016.14.

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The article contains the results of water quality estimation by hydrochemical parameters at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, during the observation period of 2001-2014 based on modern calculation methods. The analysis of anthropogenic factors affecting change of quality of surface water of the Ingulets River was used. It was found that by hydrochemical parameters waters are mostly "contaminated", "very contaminated", or "catastrophically contaminated". River flow appears to be the main source of water supply for the population and the economy. There is an acute deficit of water in the South of Ukraine. Because of use of rivers for economic activity of Mykolaiv region estimation of the ecological state of the Ingulets River should be carried out. Starting from 2010 a tendency of quality improvement via reducing of petroleum products concentration was discovered. Dynamics of changes pollutants’ concentration shows a decrease of petroleum products’ concentration but over the last years the chemical composition of water in the river has not significantly improved, ability of the river to cleanse and restore itself does not re-turn. The ecological state of the river is characterized as an ecological regress. There is a necessity of further research using modern methods of complex estimation of surface waters sources’ quality.
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Hohls, D., G. du Plessis, S. N. Venter, M. C. Steynberg, C. M. E. De Wet, N. Rodda i R. Kfir. "Estimation of the fate of microbial water quality contaminants in a South African river". Water Science and Technology 31, nr 5-6 (1.03.1995): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0623.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of assumptions, regarding assimilative capacity for microbial contaminants, implicit in microbial water quality management in South Africa. A one dimensional steady state stream water quality model, assuming first order decay of microbial water quality variables, was employed in an attempt to describe and predict microbial water quality in the chosen catchment. Based on the faecal coliform counts the results indicated that the processes of decay and dilution were inadequate to yield water quality which complied with South African and international guidelines for the domestic and recreational use of water. It was also found that a first order decay model can, with fairly limited data, allow a manager to investigate different microbial water quality scenarios in a cost-effective manner.
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Rajakumar, Anjana G., M. S. Mohan Kumar, Bharadwaj Amrutur i Zoran Kapelan. "Real-Time Water Quality Modeling with Ensemble Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Networks". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 145, nr 11 (listopad 2019): 04019049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001118.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Sinha, Sumit. "Parameter estimation and auto-calibration of the STREAM-C model". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/content/templates/?a=72.

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Farzanehrafat, Ali. "Power Quality State Estimation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9830.

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Traditional state estimation whereby the state of the system is assessed based on a limited number of measurements is a well established tool for steady-state situations where the frequency of the system is 50 Hz. Previous contributions have looked at extending this concept to the power quality area. This area of research is called Power Quality State Estimation (PQSE) and represents a class of techniques. Under the umbrella of PQSE, the main contribution of this work is taking Transient State Estimation (TSE) on step further. A new three-phase formulation for TSE using the Numerical Integrator Substitution (NIS) will be detailed. NIS approach, also known as Dommel's method, gives a numerical solution to describe the transient behaviour of a dynamic system at discrete time points. The new transient state estimator is implemented and verified by applying the proposed algorithm to a real distribution test system. It's performance and accuracy are investigated in presence of measurement noise, background harmonics, multiple faults, etc. The conducted study has shown this technique has a great potential.
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Hamza, Sarah. "State of water quality management in Egypt". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0008/MQ42329.pdf.

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Vaschenko, Nataliya. "Quality and ecological state of ground water". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13585.

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Roz, Evan Phillips. "Water quality modeling and rainfall estimation: a data driven approach". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1258.

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Water is vital to man and its quality it a serious topic of concern. Addressing sustainability issues requires new understanding of water quality and water transport. Past research in hydrology has focused primarily on physics-based models to explain hydrological transport and water quality processes. The widespread use of in situ hydrological instrumentation has provided researchers a wealth of data to use for analysis and therefore use of data mining for data-driven modeling is warranted. In fact, this relatively new field of hydroinformatics makes use of the vast data collection and communication networks that are prevalent in the field of hydrology. In this Thesis, a data-driven approach for analyzing water quality is introduced. Improvements in the data collection of information system allow collection of large volumes of data. Although improvements in data collection systems have given researchers sufficient information about various systems, they must be used in conjunction with novel data-mining algorithms to build models and recognize patterns in large data sets. Since the mid 1990's, data mining has been successful used for model extraction and describing various phenomena of interest.
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DeChant, Caleb Matthew. "Hydrologic Data Assimilation: State Estimation and Model Calibration". PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/172.

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This thesis is a combination of two separate studies which examine hydrologic data assimilation techniques: 1) to determine the applicability of assimilation of remotely sensed data in operational models and 2) to compare the effectiveness of assimilation and other calibration techniques. The first study examines the ability of Data Assimilation of remotely sensed microwave radiance data to improve snow water equivalent prediction, and ultimately operational streamflow forecasts. Operational streamflow forecasts in the National Weather Service River Forecast Center are produced with a coupled SNOW17 (snow model) and SACramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model. A comparison of two assimilation techniques, the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the Particle Filter (PF), is made using a coupled SNOW17 and the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpack model to assimilate microwave radiance data. Microwave radiance data, in the form of brightness temperature (TB), is gathered from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System at the 36.5GHz channel. SWE prediction is validated in a synthetic experiment. The distribution of snowmelt from an experiment with real data is then used to run the SAC-SMA model. Several scenarios on state or joint state-parameter updating with TB data assimilation to SNOW-17 and SAC-SMA models were analyzed, and the results show potential benefit for operational streamflow forecasting. The second study compares the effectiveness of different calibration techniques in hydrologic modeling. Currently, the most commonly used methods for hydrologic model calibration are global optimization techniques. While these techniques have become very efficient and effective in optimizing the complicated parameter space of hydrologic models, the uncertainty with respect to parameters is ignored. This has led to recent research looking into Bayesian Inference through Monte Carlo methods to analyze the ability to calibrate models and represent the uncertainty in relation to the parameters. Research has recently been performed in filtering and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques for optimization of hydrologic models. At this point, a comparison of the effectiveness of global optimization, filtering and MCMC techniques has yet to be reported in the hydrologic modeling community. This study compares global optimization, MCMC, the PF, the Particle Smoother, the EnKF and the Ensemble Kalman Smoother for the purpose of parameter estimation in both the HyMod and SAC-SMA hydrologic models.
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Frederick, Brent Ray. "Magnesium supplementation through drinking water to improve pork quality". NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05162003-134628/.

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Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of short term magnesium supplementation through drinking water prior to harvest on pork quality of pigs. Two days of magnesium supplementation (experiment 1) appeared optimal to improved pork quality. Older, slower growing pigs produced higher pork quality than younger faster growing pigs; however, magnesium supplementation had no effect (experiment 2). The presence of the Halothane and to a greater extent the Rendement Napole mutation reduced the quality of pork (experiment 3). Furthermore, pigs with both mutations had poorer pork quality than pigs with one mutation. Magnesium supplementation reduced pork quality when supplemented to pigs with the Halothane mutation. Pork quality was not affected when dose of magnesium supplemented in the water was altered (experiment 4). Although plasma magnesium was increased by magnesium supplementation, muscle magnesium was not affected. Overall, magnesium supplementation through drinking water for 2 days prior to harvest does not appear to be a method to consistently improve pork quality.
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Tamagnini, Filippo. "EKF based State Estimation in a CFI Copolymerization Reactor including Polymer Quality Information". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20235/.

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State estimation is an integral part of modern control techniques, as it allows to characterize the state information of complex plants based on a limited number of measurements and the knowledge of the process model. The benefit is twofold: on one hand it has the potential to rationalize the number of measurements required to monitor the plant, thus reducing costs, on the other hand it enables to extract information about variables that have an effect on the system but would otherwise be inaccessible to direct measurement. The scope of this thesis is to design a state estimator for a tubular copolymerization reactor, with the aim to provide the full state information of the plant and to characterize the quality of the product. Due to the fact that, with the existing set of measurements, only a small number of state variables can be observed, a new differential pressure sensor is installed in the plant to provide the missing information, and a model for the pressure measurement is developed. Following, the state estimation problem is approached rigorously and a comprehensive method for analyzing, tuning and implementing the state estimator is assembled from scientific literature, using a variety of tools from graph theory, linear observability theory and matrix algebra. Data reduction and visualization techniques are also employed to make sense of high dimensional information. The proposed method is then tested in simulations to assess the effect of the tuning parameters and measured set on the estimator performance during initialization and in case of estimation with plant-model mismatch. Finally, the state estimator is tested with plant data.
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Sahinci, Erin. "Optimal estimation of discrete fault probabilities using a stochastic state model". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16888.

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Schneider, Seth J. "Hydrothermal and water quality modelng for evaluation of Ashumet Pond trophic state". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42637.

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Książki na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Mueller, David K. Estimation of natural dissolved-solids discharge in the Upper Colorado River Basin, western United States. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Chen, Kai. Set membership estimation of state and parameters and operational control of integrated quantity and quality models of water supply and distribution systems. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Service, United States Extension. State extension water quality coordinators. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Extension Service, 1992.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., red. Washington State water quality indicators. [Olympia, WA.]: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1999.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Federal-state cooperative water resources program: Ground-water activities. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior : [Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor], 1988.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Federal-state cooperative water resources program: Ground-water activities. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior : [Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor], 1988.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Federal-state cooperative water resources program: Ground-water activities. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior : [Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor], 1988.

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Phillips, Steven P. Geohydrology, water quality, and estimation of ground-water recharge in San Francisco, California, 1987-92. Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Section, California Dept of Water Resources Water Quality. State Water Project: Water quality : 1992 and 1993. Sacramento, CA: California Dept. of Water Resources, Division of Operations and Maintenance, Water Quality Section, 1995.

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Utah. State Water Plan Coordinating Committee. State water plan. Salt Lake City, UT (1636 West North Temple, Salt Lake 84116): Utah Board of Water Resources, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Raghuwanshi, N. S., R. A. Rastogi i Santosh Kumar. "Application of Linear System Models for Estimation of Wash Load". W Water-Quality Hydrology, 113–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0393-0_8.

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Burn, D. H. "Water Quality Sampling for Nutrient Loading Estimation". W Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 505–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_36.

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Tu, L. T., N. V. Vuong, N. T. Hieu, Cheol Gi Kim i Chong Oh Kim. "Estimation for Nd-Fe-B Melt-Spun Powder Quality". W Solid State Phenomena, 1705–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.1705.

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Benedini, Marcello, i George Tsakiris. "The Steady-State Case". W Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams, 103–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3_10.

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Kubiak-Wójcicka, Katarzyna, i Monika Kielik. "The State of Water and Sewage Management in Poland". W Quality of Water Resources in Poland, 375–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64892-3_16.

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Łabędzki, Leszek, Edmund Kaca i Andrzej Brandyk. "Irrigation and Drainage in Polish Agriculture: State, Problems and Needs". W Quality of Water Resources in Poland, 91–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64892-3_5.

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Goncharuk, Vladyslav V. "SOS: Drinking Water. New State Standard “Drinking Water. Requirements and Methods of Quality Control”". W Drinking Water, 403–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04334-0_7.

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Burges, Stephen J. "Process representation, measurements, data quality, and criteria for parameter estimation of watershed models". W Water Science and Application, 283–99. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws006p0283.

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Singh, K. P. "Water Quality and Health Issues in South-West Parts of Punjab State, India". W Water and Health, 385–97. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1029-0_23.

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Novo, E. M. L. M., C. Z. F. Braga i J. G. Tundisi. "Remote sensing estimation of total chlorophyll pigment distribution in Barra Bonita Reservoir, Brazil". W Comparative Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality Management, 147–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1096-1_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Bhati, Awan, Palash V. Acharya, Ofodike A. Ezekoye i Vaibhav Bahadur. "Estimation of Fuel Quality Using Statistical Regression-Based Analysis of Leidenfrost Droplets". W ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-62231.

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Abstract Accurate measurement of fuel quality is critical for automotive applications as it impacts engine performance and emissions. A number of techniques have been proposed to measure fuel quality including acoustic wave speed sensors, chemometric modeling, near-infrared spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy etc. All of these techniques are complex in nature and require expensive equipment. In contrast, we propose a novel, simple and rapid method for estimating fuel quality in field environments. This involves measuring the evaporation time of fuel droplets in the Leidenfrost state, and using the results of statistical data analysis conducted on an experimental data bank comprising evaporation time data for similar droplets. The Leidenfrost state refers to a liquid droplet hovering on its own vapor layer on a superheated surface. To showcase our approach, evaporation time was measured for droplets consisting of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water blends with varying parameters such as IPA fraction (0-1), droplet volume (20–100μL) and surface temperature (200–340 °C). The resulting data bank (96 data points) was used to train and evaluate the performance of a polynomial regression (using a semilogarithmic transformation) model in predicting the evaporation time as a function of the above-mentioned parameters. R2 accuracies of 97.34% (training data), 96.82% (test data), 97.46% (total) and a relative error within ± 0.25% for the entire dataset was obtained using the regression model, which highlights the predictive capabilities of our approach.
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Dasgupta, Saumyadeb, Ravi Chavali, Naga Siva Kumar Gunda i Sushanta Kumar Mitra. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Hollow Fiber Pre-Concentrator for Water Quality Monitoring". W ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48192.

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Simple, efficient and compact concentrating systems are of prime importance to the development of portable biosensor based testing solutions for bacterial contamination in potable water. Bacteria are non-uniformly distributed in drinking water and hence testing with small sample volumes does not provide an accurate estimation. Hence bacteria have to be concentrated from large volumes of water of the order of 100 mL as recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to a few hundred microliters to accommodate within portable biosensor platforms like Lab on a Chip (LOC), paper microfluidics and micro-cantilever systems. In the present work, we have developed a simplified, rapid, handheld and field deployable concentrating module which involves filtration of contaminated water through a hollow fiber filter using tangential flow filtration and a subsequent elution step to facilitate the transfer of the concentrated mixture on to a portable biosensor platform. The process involves the collection of water sample in a 5 mL syringe. With the aid of two other syringes, the sample volume is concentrated by passing it through the hollow fiber a couple of times. For improved efficiency, bacteria recovery is performed using 1 mL of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20) solution as an elution fluid which is administered by another syringe. The bacteria along with the elution fluid form the required concentrated mixture. This elution strategy was found to be very efficient and the product recovery was close to 85%. With further modification to the current configuration, the system can be developed into a highly efficient pre-concentrating module compatible with any microfluidics based platform.
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Miyamoto, Yuichi. "Dynamic Characteristic Analysis and Parameter Estimation for a Thermal Plant". W ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7122.

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A thermal plant as a controlled system has many state parameters, which cannot be measured directly in many cases. The control efficiency can be improved by applying estimated parameters to the control of the plant. A fluidized-bed incinerator is not constant in the quantity and quality of the feed refuse, which is the fuel, and combustion control is difficult owing to the rapidity of completion of combustion. However, it is thought to be possible to improve the efficiency of CO control and NOx control drastically if the state parameters such as the combustion rate on the upper bed site and the bed site, and the effective air ratio are known. This paper proposes a method that estimates these state parameters by means of sensor outputs such as temperature, air flow rate, and cooling water rate, using dynamic characteristic analysis and neural networks. This paper also shows that it is possible to estimate the state parameters of an actual incinerator. Further, it is shown that the generalization of parameters estimation equations enables the application of the method to other plants.
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Al-Salali, Yousef Zaid, Mansour Al-Awadhi, Abrar Hajjeyah, Muna Al-Shuaib, Alaa Al-Saleh, Marcos Useche, Carlos Vargas, Aditya Saxena i Osaretin Greg Idele. "Automatic Production Rate Estimation Workflow Considering the Reservoir Flow Regime - Kuwait Integrated Digital Oilfield". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22258-ea.

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Abstract This paper presents an automated workflow that can estimate the oil and gas rates of a well, with the high frequency data, distinguishing the behavior of the reservoir under transient flow and pseudo steady state flow conditions. The new approach matches the wellhead pressure of a well model with the current value reported by a SCADA system, by adjusting the bottomhole pressure. For transient flow, it considers the response of the inflow performance relationship as a function of time. For pseudo steady state flow, it considers the declination of the reservoir pressure. The estimation of the production rate is carried out every 15 minutes, and the total daily produced volume is calculated based on the effective flowing time. To evaluate the accuracy of the new well rate estimation workflow, the output of the workflow is evaluated using two different criteria. Initially, the estimated oil and gas productions are compared with data from a real well test that is used as a quality control point. Secondly, considering that the fluid properties remain stable over time (water cut and gas-oil ratio), the critical flow through a choke valve defines a historical production trend that is used to quantify the deviation of the estimated values. As a result of the new workflow application, the difference between the estimated and measured rates decreased from 10% to 3%. The novelty of the new method is that it reduces the error of the estimated oil and gas production rates using the actual reservoir pressure behavior and provides more precise data for the different reservoir engineering analyzes.
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Tychkov, Vladimir, Ruslana Trembovetskaya, Tatyana Kisil i Yulia Bondarenko. "Using Ion-selective Electrodes in Environmental Monitoring". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.052.

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Environmental monitoring is an integral part of environmental protection. Control of hazardous substances wastewater occurs both in the laboratory and on-site sampling. The paper provides a method of injection analysis, which is used in data-measuring systems control the parameters of chemical and technological processes using flow-injection method. The method involves sequential injection analysis of the liquid sample supply for the hydraulic lines in the flow measuring channel slot detector. The detector is equipped with two solid-state heterogeneous ion-selective electrodes. Before measuring the detector further comprising sample preparation and filtration of samples. The estimation of the uncertainty of the measuring system with the use of ion-selective electrodes one of which performs the function of the measuring electrode, while the second an auxiliary. The ultrasonic sample preparation technique, which reduces the impact of uncertainty on the stage of sampling and preparation of samples for analysis is designed. The use of ultrasonic sample preparation directly into the stream allowed expanding the use of flow-injection analysis and reducing the time to control the quality of the process water.
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Shetty, Devdas, Rakshith Kotian, Steevan Loyd Sequeira, Pavithra N. R., Umesh Pruthviraj i K. V. Gangadharan. "An Economical Approach Towards Bathymetric Mapping of Shallow Water Basins Using Unmanned Surface Vessel". W ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-97015.

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Abstract In recent years, the use of unmanned vehicles has advanced because of a growing number of civil applications such as firefighting or non-military security work, such as surveillance of pipelines etc. The application of these technologies with decreased cost and size has received attention in both civil and military applications. Recent advances in sensors, modeling and simulation and availability of open-source software and hardware for data integration has created an environment of remotely monitoring that was not possible a few years ago. This paper examines a niche cost-effective, portable Unmanned Surface Vessel that has been designed to capture the bathymetric profile of shallow water basins using single beam echosounder. Bathymetry is the measurement of the depth of water in oceans, rivers, or lakes. Bathymetric maps look a lot like topographic maps, which use lines to show the shape and elevation of land features. Today, echo sounders are used to make bathymetric measurements. Global shallow water bathymetry maps offer critical information to inform activities such as scientific research, environment protection, and marine transportation. Accurate mapping of shallow bathymetry is critical for understanding and characterizing coastal environments providing a foundation for measuring underwater light density, mapping and monitoring and planning marine operations and transportation. Methods for estimating shallow water bathymetry have suffered from a variety of trade-offs and limitations. Conventional methods such as shipborne sounding or airborne LiDAR have limited spatial coverage. The unit described in this paper has been designed and has been trained to acquire data in a predefined set path, minimizing the human intervention and the associated errors. A successful trial run was done for mapping the bed profile of the river basin in India. The vessel has been upskilled for capturing sonar data sets, with water quality parameters and soil samples using an automated auger. The vessel functions using the combined various open-source software and hardware tools for data assimilation, while the captured data sets are real-time transferred using IOT to Ground Controlled Station. The tropical river basin chosen is a part of Netravati River located in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India. This area is a part of the monsoon belt, and the Netravati riverbed is subjected to heavy sand deposition during a part of the year. The data on the excessive sand deposition is of immense value to the district and state administration. This study has been carried out at a frequency of 30 days and is provided as an input during non-monsoon period for district administration for outlining removal of excessive sand deposition monitoring of water quality in the estuarine ecosystem. The work done is a one-of-a-kind pilot study developed in-house using the recent advances seen in the world of open-source platforms. This paper demonstrates a unique application that is of value to the state administration in decision making and in addition contributes to environmental monitoring of the riverbed.
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Watson, N. R., i K. K. C. Yu. "Transient State Estimation". W 2008 13th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP XIII). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichqp.2008.4668741.

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"WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA". W 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18926.

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Al Habsi, Yumna, Ali Anbari, Azzan Al Yaarubi, Richard Leech, Sumaiya Al Bimani i Suryyendu Choudhury. "Unlocking Growth Opportunities Through Saturation Evaluation Behind Complex Completion by Applying State-of-Art Pulsed Neutron Technology". W SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204783-ms.

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Abstract Perseverance in quantifying the remaining hydrocarbon saturation, in cased boreholes, remains critical to take business decisions and prioritize operations in brownfield waterflood development. Challenges with cased hole saturation evaluation acquired in certain complex completions such as those completed in multiple casing-tubing strings, slotted-liners and sand-screens require advanced tool technology. Pulsed Neutron Logging (PNL) is one such technology used successfully to analyze behind casing saturation evaluation. The PNL device provide accurate and precise measurement, and with robust processing and environmental compensation corrections, the saturation uncertainty can be delineated. A robust cased hole hydrocarbon saturation and uncertainty estimation enables informed decision making and value driven workover prioritization. The new generation PNL tool features a high-output electronic neutron source and four signal detectors. Near and far Gamma Ray (GR) detectors are made of Cerium-doped Lanthanum Bromide (LaBr3: Ce) featuring high-count rate efficiency and high-spectral resolution (largely insensitive to temperatures variations). A deep-reading GR detector made of Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP) in combination with a compact fast neutron monitor placed adjacent to the neutron source, enables a new measurement of the fast neutron cross section (FNXS) which provides sensitivity to gas-filled porosity. A newly devised pulsing scheme allows simultaneous measurement in both time and energy domains. The time-domain measurement aid in analyzing the self-compensated capture cross section (SIGM), neutron porosity (TPHI), and FNXS. The energy-domain measurement provides a detailed insight for high-precision mineralogy, total organic carbon (TOC), and carbon/oxygen ratio (COR). The high statistical precision energy-domain capture and inelastic spectral yield data are interpreted using an oxide-closure model which when combined with an extensive tool characterization database provide lithology and saturation measurements compensated for wellbore and completion contributions. This paper shares the advanced features of the new multi-detector PNL tool run in a horizontal well targeting the aeolian Mahwis Formation, consisting of unconsolidated sands and the glacial Al Khlata Formation (Porosity ranges 0.25 – 0.29 p.u.). In this case-study, the well was completed with uncemented sand screens and production tubing to mitigate sanding related risk. The absence of cement behind casing and the presence of screens adds considerable complexity to the saturation analysis. Furthermore, due to low water salinity (∼7000 ppm NaCl equivalent), saturation must be determined using carbon spectroscopy-based techniques - namely the COR and TOC. Logging conventional PNL tools in horizontal wells can lead to lengthy acquisition times, thus adding considerable operational complexity and cost. With the new PNL technology advancements, the time required to acquire high-quality data can be halved. Saturation outputs computed independently from COR and TOC methods showed close agreement and allowed for the direct compensation of changes in borehole oil hold-up without which the computed saturation would have been overestimated. The remaining oil saturation estimation behind cased hole and uncertainty quantification enable a proper understanding of well production performance and uncovered further opportunities. In addition, decision based strategic data acquisition to quantify remaining hydrocarbon saturation enables unlocking growth and ‘no further action’ (NFA) opportunities, impacting production recovery and meeting bottom-line targets in brownfield assets.
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Andersen, Johannes, i Roger Powell. "DMA Structured State-Estimation for Demand Monitoring". W Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)214.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Water quality state estimation"

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Hallberg, George R., i B. C. Kross. The Iowa state-wide rural well-water survey water-quality data : initial analysis. Iowa City, Iowa: Iowa Department of Natural Resources, listopad 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/rep.006560.

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Hallberg, George R. The Iowa state-wide rural well-water survey : site and well characteristics and water quality. Iowa City, Iowa: Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Energy and Geological Resources Division, Geological Survey Bureau, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/rep.006541.

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Fowler, W. B., T. D. Anderson i J. D. Helvey. Changes in water quality and climate after forest harvest in central Washington state. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-388.

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Hallberg, George R., B. C. Kross, Robert D. Libra, L. F. Burmeister, L. M. B. Weih, C. F. Lynch i D. R. Bruner. The Iowa state-wide rural well-water survey design report : a systematic sample of domestic drinking water quality. Iowa City, Iowa: Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/rep.006553.

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Trends in water quality at Bryce Canyon National Park, water years 2006–2021. Redaktor Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294946.

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The National Park Service collects water-quality samples on a rotating basis at three fixed water-quality stations in Bryce Canyon National Park (NP): Sheep Creek, Yellow Creek, and Mossy Cave Spring. Data collection began at Sheep Creek and Yellow Creek in November 2005 and at Mossy Cave in July 2008. Data on in-situ parameters, fecal-coliform samples, major ions, and nutrients are collected monthly, while trace elements are sampled quarterly. This report analyzes data from the beginning of the period of record for each station through water year 2021 to test for trends over time. Concentrations are also compared to relevant water-quality standards for the State of Utah. Overall, water quality at the park’s monitoring stations continues to be excellent, and park managers have been successful in their goal of maintaining these systems in unimpaired condition. Infrequent but continued Escherichia coli exceedances from trespass livestock at Sheep and Yellow creeks support the need for regular fence maintenance along the park boundary. High-quality conditions may qualify all three sites as Category 1 waters, the highest level of anti-degradation protection provided by the State of Utah. Minimum and maximum air temperatures at the park have increased, while precipitation remains highly variable. Increasing air temperatures have led to increasing water temperatures in Sheep and Yellow creeks. Sheep Creek also had a decrease in flow across several quantiles from 2006 to 2021, while higher flows decreased at Yellow Creek in the same period. Surface flows in these two creeks are likely to be increasingly affected by higher evapotranspiration due to warming air temperatures and possibly decreasing snowmelt runoff as the climate changes. The influx of ancient groundwater in both creek drainages helps sustain base flows at the sites. Mossy Cave Spring, which is sampled close to the spring emergence point, showed less of a climate signal than Sheep and Yellow creeks. In our record, the spring shows a modest increase in discharge, including higher flows at higher air temperatures. An uptick in visitation to Water Canyon and the Mossy Cave Trail has so far not been reflected by changes in water quality. There are additional statistical trends in water-quality parameters at all three sites. However, most of these trends are quite small and are likely ecologically negligible. Some statistical trends may be the result of instrument changes and improvements in quality assurance and quality control over time in both the field sampling effort and the laboratory analyses. Long-term monitoring of water-quality stations at Bryce Canyon NP suggests relatively stable aquatic systems that benefit from protection within the park. To maintain these unimpaired conditions into the future, park managers could consider: Regular fence checks and maintenance along active grazing allotments at the park boundary to protect riparian areas and aquatic systems from trespass livestock. Developing a springs-monitoring program to track changes in springflow at spring emergences to better understand bedrock-aquifer water supplies. These data would also help quantify springflow for use in water-rights hearings. Supporting hydrogeologic investigations to map the extent and flow paths of groundwater aquifers. Working with the State of Utah to develop groundwater-protection zones to protect groundwater aquifers from developments that would affect springs in the park. Prioritizing watershed management with proactive fire risk-reduction practices. Explicitly including watershed protection as a goal in plans for fire management and suppression. Using additional data and analyses to better understand the drivers of trends in water quality and their ecological significance. These could include higher-frequency data to better understand relationships between groundwater, precipitation, and surface flows at the sites. These could also include watershed metrics...
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Zhang, Renduo, i David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, i Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado i Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.

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Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.
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Rosse, Anine, i Myles Cramer. Water quality monitoring for Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site: 2019 data report. National Park Service, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295547.

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The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began monitoring water quality in the Knife River at Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI) in 2013, with the assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This report summarizes the data collected during the 2019 ice-free season (April 18 through October 31) for streamflow, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH. This was the third season of continuous monitoring. 2019 began as moderately dry year until discharge on the Knife River peaked at 1,900 cubic feet per second in September following unusually heavy precipitation. There was considerable seasonal variation in all water quality measures. A summary of our results can be found in Descriptive Statistics Summary tables for the ice-free season (Table 2) and for each month (Table 3). Notably, water temperature exceeded state standards (Table 1) in summer months although these exceedances made up less than 1% of all records. Additionally, dissolved oxygen was observed below state standards twice on the same day in June, but Knife River still met the dissolved oxygen standard due to the brief nature of this deficiency. NGPN’s collaboration with USGS supported real-time and archived access to this data through the USGS National Water Information System Website KNIFE RIVER NR STANTON, ND - USGS Water Data for the Nation, where it remains available to the public
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