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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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1

Sussmann, R., T. Borsdorff, M. Rettinger, C. Camy-Peyret, P. Demoulin, P. Duchatelet, E. Mahieu i C. Servais. "Technical Note: New trends in column-integrated atmospheric water vapor – Method to harmonize and match long-term records from the FTIR network to radiosonde characteristics". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, nr 3 (16.06.2009): 13199–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-13199-2009.

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Abstract. We present a method for harmonized retrieval of integrated water vapor (IWV) trends from existing, long-term, measurement records at the ground-based mid-infrared solar FTIR spectrometry stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Correlation of IWV from FTIR with radiosondes shows an ideal slope of 1.00(3). This optimum matching is achieved via tuning one FTIR retrieval parameter, i.e., the strength of a Tikhonov regularization constraining the derivative (with respect to height) of retrieved water profiles given in per cent difference relative to an a priori profile. All other FTIR-sonde correlation parameters (intercept =0.02(12) mm, bias =0.02(5) mm, standard deviation of coincident IWV differences (stdv)=0.27 mm, R=0.99) are comparable to or better than results for all other ground-based IWV sounding techniques given in the literature. An FTIR-FTIR side-by-side intercomparison reveals a strong exponential increase in stdv as a function of increasing temporal mismatch starting at Δt ~1 min. This is due to atmospheric water vapor variability. Based on this result we derive an upper limit for the precision of the FTIR IWV retrieval for the smallest Δt(=3.75 min) still giving a statistically sufficient sample (32 coincidences), i.e., precision (IWVFTIR)<0.05 mm (or 2.2% of the mean IWV). The bias of the IWV retrievals from the two different FTIR instruments is nearly negligible (0.02(1) mm). The optimized FTIR IWV retrieval is set up in the standard NDACC algorithm SFIT 2 without changes to the code. A concept for harmonized transfer of the retrieval between different stations deals with all relevant control parameters; it includes correction for differing spectral point spacings (via regularization strength), and final quality selection of the retrievals (excluding the highest residuals (measurement minus model), 5% of the total). The method is demonstrated via IWV trend analysis from the FTIR records at the Zugspitze (47.4° N, 11.0° E, 2964 m a.s.l.) and Jungfraujoch (46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580 m a.s.l.) NDACC stations. Trend analysis comprises a linear fit after subtracting an intra-annual model (3 Fourier components) and constructing an uncertainty interval (95% confidence) via bootstrap resampling. For the Zugspitze a significant trend of 0.79 (0.65, 0.92) mm/decade is found for the time interval (1996–2008). There is a significantly increased trend of 1.41 (1.14, 1.69) mm/decade in the second part of the time series (2003–2008) compared to 0.63 (0.20, 1.06) mm/decade in the first part (1996–2002). For the Jungfraujoch no significant trend is found in any of the periods (1988–2008), (1996–2008), (1996–2002), or (2003–2008). The results imply either an altitude dependency with a significantly higher trend below 3.58 km than above, and/or strong, regional variations of IWV trends on the scale of ~250 km. This is in line with a widespread, complex, IWV trend picture over Eurasia during the last decades. Our paper provides a basis for future exploitation of more than a dozen existing, multi-decadal FTIR measurement records around the globe for joint IWV trend studies within NDACC that complement existing trend data sets which are based primarily on radiosondes.
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Muto, Giichi. "Some Ploblems on Water Quality Measurement". Japan journal of water pollution research 8, nr 11 (1985): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.8.689.

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Danilov-Danilyan, V. I., E. G. Larina i O. M. Rozental. "Measurement Accuracy in Water Quality Control". Water Resources 50, nr 1 (luty 2023): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823010062.

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Danilov-Danilyan, V. I., E. G. Larina i O. M. Rozental. "Measurement Accuracy in Water Quality Control". Водные ресурсы 50, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321059623010066.

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It is well-known that the error of a measurement result can increase at each step of a laboratory procedure, as well as because of the sample character of partial measurements. To overcome these difficulties, close cooperation between hydrologists and analytical chemists is required in order to obtain reliable information about the composition and properties of natural waters, which are extremely unstable. The study focuses on details that are of importance for both the client-hydrologist and the performer—chemist-analyst. The article gives different variants of conclusions regarding the compliance or non-compliance with the established requirements. The cost of reliable measurements is calculated, and variants of optimization of enterprise’s payments for discharges are proposed. Recommendations are given to customers regarding the choice of a competent analytical laboratory.
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5

Kwak, Pill Jae, Seog Ku Kim, Sang Leen Yun, Sung Won Kang, Hyun Dong Lee, Keun Ho Yang, Hee Jae Oh i Young Sung Kim. "Development of Multiple Water Quality Measurement Devices". Materials Science Forum 695 (lipiec 2011): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.606.

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The water quality measurement device that we developed measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The water resistant and screw packing technology also applied for improved mechanical reliability during water quality monitoring. A comparison between the performances of major company products (YSI, Hydrolab etc.) and this device don't provide a stark contrast. This device was verified through the KOREA’s Environmental Examination Methods. This device is offered reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions. Upgrades will be available and will include the technologies that are self-cleaning optical sensors with integrated wipers remove biofouling and maintain high data accuracy and optimal power management and built-in battery compartment extends in situ monitoring periods.
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6

Goda, Takeshi. "Monitoring and measurement of water quality parameters". International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722401.

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., Priyanka N. Bande. "A SURVEY OF WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SENSORS". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, nr 06 (25.06.2016): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0506031.

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8

IFUKU, Makoto, Teruya MASUMOTO, Hikaru SAEKI i Masato NAKATA. "CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF WATER QUALITY WITH WATER-QUALITY PROFILING SYSTEM AT NOMURA RESERVOIR". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 67, nr 4 (2011): I_1567—I_1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.67.i_1567.

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Takács, Attila, Attila Molnár V., Balázs A. Lukács, Timea Nagy, Ádám Lovas-Kiss, Andy J. Green, Agnieszka Popiela i Lajos Somlyay. "Resurrection and typification of Elatine campylosperma (Elatinaceae), a long-forgotten waterwort species". PeerJ 6 (29.05.2018): e4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4913.

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The name Elatine campylosperma Seub. is generally treated as one of the synonyms of E. macropoda Guss. However, recent morphological, phylogenetic and karyological studies indicate that this judgement should be revised. In the present paper we typify the name E. campylosperma, review its taxonomic history and provide a thorough description, with compilation of previously published data and our new measurements from in vitro cultures. Based on our herbarium survey, we outline its Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution area (Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Algeria). Habitat preferences are summarized from our field observations, water quality measurements and the label information of the herbarium specimens examined. Intact E. campylosperma seeds were found in faecal samples of the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra L.) in southern Spain and two of them were germinated, suggesting that E. campylosperma has a capacity for long distance dispersal via endozoochory.
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10

Oberoi, K., S. Purohit, P. A. Verma, A. Deshmukh, S. Saran i P. Chauhan. "GEOSPATIAL BASED CITIZEN CENTRIC WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SOLUTION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (19.11.2018): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-75-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Citizen science has emerged as a game changer in various scientific endeavors, wherein scientific data for understanding the phenomenon could be collected by volunteers/non-specialist in a quick possible time. Citizens nowadays play an important role by functioning as “sensors” helping government/institutions by collecting and analyzing data. The advancements and convergence of technologies (Information and communication technologies (ICT)), especially the Internet and mobile technology has further assisted in such efforts. Moreover, the location sensors (GPS) and camera on board the mobile devices enables citizens to collect geotagged data. The classic example is the OpenStreetMap project where volunteers contribute towards the mapping of the planet. This paper highlights the geospatial solution based on citizen science to collect geotagged data about the water quality (turbidity). This solution is developed using open source tools and consists of an Android based mobile app and web based dashboard on the server side for real time data visualization and analysis. The web application is designed and developed using PHP, JavaScript, HTML &amp; CSS and allows user to view the interpolated geotagged data about water quality over various background maps like OSM, Bhuvan etc. PostgreSQL/PostGIS are used as the backend geospatial data server for storing the geotagged dataset. Such solution will be very useful for water quality monitoring as part of national level project like Clean Ganga Mission using the citizen centric approach.</p>
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11

Vinoth, Joseph Charles, Subramaniam Ramesh, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin, Suhail Asghar Qureshi, Sivathanu Chitra, Elumalai Saranya, Messiah Josephine i Ganesan Sneha. "Planar Edged UWB Antenna for Water Quality Measurement". Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 130 (2023): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc22122701.

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12

Gao, Min, Junsheng Li, Shenglei Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Kai Yan, Ziyao Yin, Ya Xie i Wei Shen. "Smartphone–Camera–Based Water Reflectance Measurement and Typical Water Quality Parameter Inversion". Remote Sensing 14, nr 6 (11.03.2022): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061371.

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Crowdsourced data from smart devices play an increasingly important role in water quality monitoring. However, guaranteeing and evaluating crowdsourced data quality is a key issue. This study aims to extract more accurate water reflectance data from smartphone photographs with variable exposure parameters, and to test the usability of these data in deriving water quality parameters. A set of low–cost reference cards was designed to be placed in the center of the photograph near the water surface, and a calculation model was proposed to convert the photograph digital numbers (DNs) to water reflectance. A nonlinear DN–to–reflectance model was constructed using the inherent reflectance and DN of the reference card in the photograph. Then, the reflectance of the water surface in the same photograph was estimated. During the evaluation of this scheme in seven different waterbodies with 112 sampling sites, small differences were observed between the estimated and measured remote sensing reflectance; the average unbiased relative errors (AUREs) for the red, green, and blue bands were 25.7%, 29.5%, and 35.2%, respectively, while the RMSEs for the three bands were 0.0032, 0.0051, 0.0031, respectively. The derived water reflectance data were used to retrieve the Secchi–disk depth (Zsd) and turbidity, with accuracies of 72.4% and 60.2%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed method based on the smartphone camera can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance and water quality parameters effectively with acceptable accuracy.
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13

Ronny, Ronny, Muhammad Ikbal Arif i Hari Basuki Notobroto. "Water Pollution Index: Measurement of Shallow Well Water Quality in Urban Areas". International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education 1, nr 3 (19.12.2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v1i3.19.

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Determination of water quality status based on the pollution index method. Water said to polluted if it cannot use according to its standard designation. The purpose of this research is to identify and find out the level of pollution contained in shallow well water used by communities in urban areas. Water quality index measurements using the Storet Method. This study uses ten samples with techniques Purposive random sampling with well water sources used by people in Makassar, especially in Untia Sub-District, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The number of samples used was 15 water samples taken each week with a total of 10 shallow well water sample points. The parameters measured in the study are Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Total Coliforms, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the study showed that the condition of shallow well water quality classified in category D, which heavily polluted which means it not recommended to use before filtering. The increase in parameters that have exceeded the maximum quality standard comes from natural sources and high domestic waste from community activities. Water pollution is a condition in which a water reservoir changes due to human activity — the change caused by the entry of substances that should not be in the water.
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Carriazo-Regino, Yulieth, Rubén Baena-Navarro, Francisco Torres-Hoyos, Juan Vergara-Villadiego i Sebastián Roa-Prada. "IoT-based drinking water quality measurement: systematic literature review". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp405-418.

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Sustainable development throughout the world depends on several factors such as the economy, quality education, agriculture, industry, among others, but the environment is one of the most important. Industrialization and new land use plans have caused the proliferation of pollutants in water resources, which poses a serious public challenge. As outlined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), innovative water quality monitoring methods are needed to ensure access to water, sustainable management and sanitation. In this sense, technologies are sought that contribute to the development and implementation of groundwater and surface water quality monitoring systems in real time, so that their parameters can be evaluated through descriptive analysis, in rural populations and areas of difficult access. Nowadays, the internet of things (IoT) and the development of modern sensors are more used, so this research reviews the latest technologies to monitor and evaluate water quality using the potential and possibilities of the IoT. The main contribution of this article is to present an overview of the state of the art of IoT applications and instrumentation for water quality monitoring, focusing on the latest innovations, in order to identify interesting and challenging areas that can be explored in future research.
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15

Kim, Kiwhan. "Water Quality Measurement: What Makes ‘Willingness To Pay’ Different?" International Review of Public Administration 7, nr 2 (grudzień 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2002.10805007.

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Kellner, Karlheinz, Thomas Posnicek i Martin Brandl. "An Integrated Optical Measurement System for Water Quality Monitoring". Procedia Engineering 87 (2014): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.687.

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Purohit, Akanksha, i Ulhaskumar Gokhale. "Real Time Water Quality Measurement System based on GSM". IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 9, nr 3 (2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-09356367.

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ITO, Hitoshi. "Automatic measurement of the water quality of urban rivers." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 27, nr 7 (1998): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.27.511.

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Briggs, R., i K. T. V. Grattan. "The measurement and sensing of water quality: a review". Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 12, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129001200202.

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Sokhi, R. "Inland and coastal water quality '93 — measurement and modelling". Environment International 21, nr 2 (1995): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00016-x.

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Ting, Josephine Ong Ning, i S. K. Yee. "Review on water quality monitoring technologies". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, nr 3 (1.06.2020): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1416-1423.

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<span>Water quality monitoring is always the prior element to ensure the drinking water is safe to be consumed. A lot of researches have been carried out over the past decades to design and develop a robust and cost-effective water monitoring system. The conventional water monitoring techniques were based on laboratory instruments which is time-consuming and laborious. Furthermore, it is not suitable when the water sampling point is far from the commercial laboratory centres. These limitations were then been solved by the developments of portable testing kits and microwave technique. The microwave techniques such as spectroscopy techniques and microwave sensor approach have improved the water quality monitoring experience which is convenient without sacrificing the measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Its portability enables the on-site measurement at rural areas and thus reduce the transportation and manpower cost. This paper intends to review the water contaminant detection techniques which include standardized drinking water parameter testing and microwave-based in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Furthermore, this review also emphasizes the current trend of the water quality testing method in microwave technique. At the end of this paper, a significant advantages and drawbacks of the techniques are summarized, and recommendations are provided for future development in the water quality monitoring.</span>
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Chen, Chiung-Hsing, Yi-Chen Wu, Jia-Xiang Zhang i Ying-Hsiu Chen. "IoT-Based Fish Farm Water Quality Monitoring System". Sensors 22, nr 17 (5.09.2022): 6700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176700.

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Typhoons in summer and cold snaps during winter in Taiwan often cause huge aquaculture losses. Simultaneously, the lack of human resources is a problem. Therefore, we used wireless transmission technology with various sensors to transmit the temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, water level, and life expectancy of the sensor in the fish farm to the server. The integrated data are transmitted to mobile devices through the Internet of Things, enabling administrators to monitor the water quality in a fish farm through mobile devices. Because the current pH sensors cannot be submerged in the liquid for a long time for measurements, human resources and time are required to take the instrument to each fish farm for testing at a fixed time. Therefore, a robotic arm was developed to complete automatic measurement and maintenance actions. We designed this arm with a programmable logic controller, a single chip combined with a wireless transmission module, and an embedded system. This system is divided into control, measurement, server, and mobility. The intelligent measurement equipment designed in this study can work 24 h per day, which effectively reduces the losses caused by personnel, material resources, and data errors.
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Kwietniewski, Marian, Katarzyna Miszta-Kruk, Kaja Niewitecka, Mirosław Sudoł i Krzysztof Gaska. "Certainty Level of Water Delivery of the Required Quality by Water Supply Networks". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 10 (27.05.2019): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101860.

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The security of water delivery of the required quality by water supply networks is identified with the concept of reliability. Therefore, a method of reliability evaluation of water distribution of the required quality was developed. The method is based on the probabilistic character of secondary water contamination in the water supply network. Data for the method are taken from monitoring of the water distribution system. The method takes into consideration the number and locations of individual measurement points and the results of the tests of water quality indicators at these points. The sets of measurement points and water quality indicators constitute a matrix research (observation) field in the model. The proposed method was implemented to assess the reliability of a water distribution process with respect to water with the required microbiological quality indicators in a real distribution system.
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MACEKOVÁ, Ľudmila, i Matej ŽIGA. "THE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK CONCEPT FOR MEASUREMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN WATER STREAMS". Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 14, nr 2 (1.06.2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2014-0020.

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Hof, A., i W. Schuurmans. "Water quality control in open channels". Water Science and Technology 42, nr 1-2 (1.07.2000): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0307.

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With the increasing degree of automation in Dutch water management the need for control systems and design procedures for control systems is also evolving. Traditionally these control systems were used for water level and discharge control only. With the measurement equipment that is currently available, improved water quality control also becomes possible. A PhD researcher is currently investigating the theoretical implications. The design of a reliable control system using control theory requires a linear description of the relevant processes. A possible linear description of the relevant processes is presented in this paper.
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Matsumae, Teiichi. "Renewal of the Instruments for Automatic Measurement of Water Quality." Japan journal of water pollution research 13, nr 10 (1990): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.13.621.

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Ziemińska-Stolarska, Aleksandra, Janusz Adamiec, Mirosław Imbierowicz, Ewa Imbierowicz, Marcin Jaskulski, Aleksander Szmidt i Ireneusz Zbiciński. "Online Measurement Method of Water Quality in the Sulejow Reservoir". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0006.

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Abstract The paper presents methodology of accurate mobile measurements of water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll “a” concentration, ammonium ion concentration, conductivity, pH and blue-green algae content in water. The measurements (probe EXO 2, YSI, USA) were made on various depths of probe immersion (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m) and at different towing speeds of the probe (approx. 5.4 and 9.0 km/h). Static measurements carried out on the same route provided reference values for the measurements in motion to compare the repeatability of static and mobile methods. The tests were also evaluated by observation of probe behavior in motion, e.g. water disturbance intensity, access of light (sun rays) to the sensors. Statistical tests confirmed that the mean values of water quality parameters from mobile measurements with the speed of 5.4 km/h at the depth 1.5 m does not differ from the stationary measurements. Results of statistical analysis prove that water quality parameters can be measured accurately keeping established speed of towing the probe at the fixed depth. Methodology of mobile measurements elaborated in the frame of this work allows to collect vast number of data which can be used to obtain GIS point maps of water quality parameters in large water bodies.
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Kimstach, V. A. "Monitoring the quality of water and the role of measurement". Measurement Techniques 35, nr 3 (marzec 1992): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978031.

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TAKAHASHI, Takumi, Ryoya KATAYAMA, Kyeongmin KIM i Tadashi HIBINO. "NOVEL POTENTIOMETRIC WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM IN CLOSED SEA AREA". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 78, nr 2 (2022): I_769—I_774. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.78.2_i_769.

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FURUKAWA, Taito, Ryoya KATAYAMA, Kyeongmin KIM, Takumi TAKAHASHI i Tadashi HIBINO. "EXAMINATION OF THE PRACTICALITY OF WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT USING POTENTIOMETRY". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 78, nr 2 (2022): I_835—I_840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.78.2_i_835.

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Fahrudin, Arfan Eko, Said Ja'far Shadiq i Ade Agung Harnawan. "Pembuatan Sistem Monitoring Temperatur, pH dan Salinitas Tambak Ikan Secara Nirkabel". Jurnal Fisika FLUX 1, nr 1 (26.01.2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v1i1.6156.

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− The quality of water hold on important rule in the field of fisheries, especially in cultivation activities. Parameters of water quality are often observed such as temperature, pH, salinity, and others. The influence of water quality on cultivation activity is very important therefore supervision of water quality parameters is absolute done by cultivators. This research had created the quality of water monitoring system in fishponds wirelessly. The system consist of the transmitter that integrated with LM35 sensor, pH meter kit sensor and conductivity sensor as measurer of water quality, and the receiver receive datum transmitted wirelessly with nRF24L01 module a long 5 meters distance from transmitter. The receiver equipped with an interface with PC which can save data measurement automatically to Microsoft Excel. The results of the validation of the measurement instrument obtained average of error relative to measurement were 0.01 0C for temperature, 0.005 for pH and 0.008 ppt for salinity. In summary, the measurement of water quality in surface water fishponds of temperature is 29oC until 38oC, pH is 8,6 until 11,9 and salinity is 12 until 21 ppt.
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Lee, Chan Wook, i Do Guen Yoo. "Decision of Water Quality Measurement Locations for the Identification of Water Quality Problems under Emergency Link Pipe Operation". Applied Sciences 10, nr 8 (14.04.2020): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082707.

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This study suggests a methodology for the decision of water quality measurement locations in order to identify water quality problems within a pipe network system under abnormal conditions. A water supply system conversion due to the occurrence of tank or pump problems between water supply zones was set as a possible abnormal scenario and the water flow direction sensitivity of the pipeline was quantified to estimate the water quality monitoring priority. The proposed methodology was applied to a new city, A, in South Korea, and the results are analyzed in detail and presented. The proposed methodology can be used as a method to select water quality monitoring points when establishing an operation plan for emergency link pipes. It is also expected that it can be applied in the evaluation of the adequacy of the previously established emergency link pipe operation plan.
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Hiraoka, Mutsuhisa, Naohiro Noda, Chiyoji Hayakawa, Keiji Gotoh, Tohru Shirozu, Saburoh Hosoda i Masanori Ichinohe. "Service water quality monitor including hue and coloration grade". Water Science and Technology 37, nr 12 (1.06.1998): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0551.

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The authors introduce an index of coloration grade for evaluation of service water colour. The principle of the coloration grade measurement has been derived from authors' modification of the Tristimulus Filter Method of AWWA 1992 and JWWA 1993 Standard Method, and it has the advantage of applicability to all colours in the visible range. The characteristics of the hue and coloration grade measurement has been tested in the laboratory using various coloured samples obtained from water service pipes or an aqueduct. Compared with the “colour” measured by the platinum-cobalt method, the coloration grade is more sensitive to various water coloration and close to human senses. Applying the above stated device, a Service Water Quality Monitor was newly developed and successfully tested at several distinctive fields. It monitors three items, colour, turbidity and residual chlorine which are obligatory in Japan to be daily examined at appropriate house taps. For the field test of about six months without any manual calibration, the accuracy of the hue and the coloration grade has shown maximum deviation of only 2.5% FS compared with the measurement by means of the standard solutions once a month.
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Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Richard P. Sharp, Charlotte Weil, Elena M. Bennett, Unai Pascual, Katie K. Arkema, Kate A. Brauman i in. "Global modeling of nature’s contributions to people". Science 366, nr 6462 (10.10.2019): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3372.

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The magnitude and pace of global change demand rapid assessment of nature and its contributions to people. We present a fine-scale global modeling of current status and future scenarios for several contributions: water quality regulation, coastal risk reduction, and crop pollination. We find that where people’s needs for nature are now greatest, nature’s ability to meet those needs is declining. Up to 5 billion people face higher water pollution and insufficient pollination for nutrition under future scenarios of land use and climate change, particularly in Africa and South Asia. Hundreds of millions of people face heightened coastal risk across Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas. Continued loss of nature poses severe threats, yet these can be reduced 3- to 10-fold under a sustainable development scenario.
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Patlazhan, S. A., I. V. Kravchenko, S. A. Vagner, M. S. Gurevich i A. M. Karp. "Prediction of the water salinity influence on the quality of oil water cut measurement". Automation, Telemechanization and Communication in Oil Industry, nr 5 (2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30713/0132-2222-2018-5-37-41.

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Subbaraman, Ramnath, Laura Nolan, Kiran Sawant, Shrutika Shitole, Tejal Shitole, Mahesh Nanarkar, Anita Patil-Deshmukh i David E. Bloom. "Multidimensional Measurement of Household Water Poverty in a Mumbai Slum: Looking Beyond Water Quality". PLOS ONE 10, nr 7 (21.07.2015): e0133241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133241.

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ITO, Shonosuke. "Special issue : abbreviated analysis and measuring method of water quality.Simple water quality measurement device." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 19, nr 9 (1990): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.19.578.

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Supriyanto, Supriyanto, i Raldi Hendro Koestoer. "Selected Measurement Parameters of Water Quality: Comparative Insight of India and Indonesia". Journal of Geography Science and Education 4, nr 1 (24.04.2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jgse.v4i1.2254.

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A number of rivers in India and Indonesia are usually used by the people to fulfill their daily needs. To ensure the quality of river water is in reasonable limit, it is important to monitor water quality regularly. The objective of this study was to review and compare the selection of water quality monitoring parameters in India and Indonesia. The used method was descriptive analyses. The results of the study showed several findings: first, in terms of regulation, India was lesser than that of Indonesia; second, India used the water quality index to assess the state of water quality, while Indonesia used the STORET method or the water pollution index; third, India had legally stipulated the main parameters in considering the status of water quality, whereas Indonesia had yet to stipulate it; and forth, there were 10 water quality parameters that were often used in both India and Indonesia, namely pH, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, temperature, TDS, TSS, and total coliform. Therefore, these parameters should be selected as the key parameters to monitor water quality.
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Benabderrahmane, H., i Z. Baba Amer. "Water wells quality assessment using water quality index for the purposes of drinking of M’zab Wadi region". Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v13i1.26.

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The present work aims to assess the groundwater quality using Water Quality Index (WQI), which can be considered as major factor for controlling quality of water with regarded to drinking purposes. Water quality index is used to illustrate the general state of water quality in a single number. This study concerns specifically Daia area upstream region of M'zab valley. Water samples have been collected at eighteen groundwater points in two years 2016 and 2017. Then, different parameters are analyzed and compared with Algerian standards for drinking water. The hydrochemical study shows significant variations in physico-chemical measurement. Also, the obtained results of the water quality index in Daia region show an excellent ranking with 94%, 88% in years respectively.
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Wu, Xiushan, Renyuan Tong, Yanjie Wang, Congli Mei i Qing Li. "Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design". Sensors 19, nr 9 (9.05.2019): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092153.

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The online measurement of ground water quality, as one important area of water resource protection, can provide real-time measured water quality parameters and send out warning information in a timely manner when the water resource is polluted. Based on ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, a remote online measurement method is proposed and used to measure the ground water quality parameters chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N), and turbidity (TURB). The principle of UV spectrophotometry and the data processing method are discussed in detail, the correlated mathematical modeling of COD and TOC is given, and a confirmatory experiment is carried out. Turbidity-compensated mathematical modeling is proposed to improve the COD measurement accuracy and a confirmatory experiment is finished with turbidity that ranges from 0 to 100 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). The development of a measurement instrument to detect the ground water COD, TOC, NO3–N, and TURB is accomplished; the test experiments are completed according to the standard specification of China’s technical requirement for water quality online automatic monitoring of UV, and the absolute measuring errors of COD, TOC, and NO3–N are smaller than 5.0%, while that of TURB is smaller than 5.4%, which meets the requirements for the online measurement of ground water quality.
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Winkler, S., L. Rieger, E. Saracevic, A. Pressl i G. Gruber. "Application of ion-sensitive sensors in water quality monitoring". Water Science and Technology 50, nr 11 (1.12.2004): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0678.

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Within the last years a trend towards in-situ monitoring can be observed, i.e. most new sensors for water quality monitoring are designed for direct installation in the medium, compact in size and use measurement principles which minimise maintenance demand. Ion-sensitive sensors (Ion-Sensitive-Electrode – ISE) are based on a well known measurement principle and recently some manufacturers have released probe types which are specially adapted for application in water quality monitoring. The function principle of ISE-sensors, their advantages, limitations and the different methods for sensor calibration are described. Experiences with ISE-sensors from applications in sewer networks, at different sampling points within wastewater treatment plants and for surface water monitoring are reported. An estimation of investment and operation costs in comparison to other sensor types is given.
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Lee, Jinhyo, Hyunju Ha, Manho Lee, Mokyoung Lee, Taeho Kim, Yoonkyung Cha i Jayong Koo. "Assessment of Water Quality of Major Tributaries in Seoul using Water Quality Index and Cluster Analysis". Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, nr 10 (31.10.2020): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.10.452.

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Objectives : 17 water quality measurement networks (WQMNs, tributaries) in Seoul were analyzed by using NSFWQI and cluster analysis to provide basic data for future river water quality management so that citizens could easily and comprehensively understand the water quality information on the rivers in Seoul.Methods : For the past 3 years (2015~2017), in order to estimate WQI, 9 items, DO (% sat), Fecal coliform, pH, BOD, Temperature change (TC), TP, NO3-, Turbidity and Total solids, were selected from among the 19 water quality data measurement items produced monthly from 17 WQMNs in Seoul. WQI was derived and graded using NSFWQI and cluster analysis was performed using Ward Linkage Method, SOM (Self Organizing Map).Results and Discussion : Water quality of most water quality monitoring networks was BOD Ⅱ grade (slightly good) or higher and TP Ⅲ grade (normal) or higher according to the standard of water quality and water ecosystem river living environment, and NSFWQI was also 64 (Medium)~89 (Good). All showed good water quality. NSFWQI does not show a significant difference by season, so it is believed that it is affected by anthropogenic sources rather than seasonal effects. As a result of examining the correlation between NSFWQI and water quality level according to environmental standards, it was confirmed that R2 has a relatively good correlation with 0.78, and there is no clear difference between the two groups, and through this, it was found that the currently implemented water quality rating system and NSFWQI are well matched. As a result of cluster analysis using ward linkage method and SOM for 17 WQMNs, it was largely divided into 6 groups according to water quality characteristics.Conclusions : It is important to manage pollution sources to systematically manage river water quality as a water resource. It is therefore expected that by converting from the complicated and various water quality information such as is found in this study into a simple water quality index and grouping, the river water quality can be easily understood and can be utilized in the future as basic data for water quality management in Seoul.
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Kwak, Pill Jae, Seog Ku Kim, Sang Leen Yun, Sung Won Kang, Hyun Dong Lee, Joo Yeon Lee, Hyo Jin Ban, Keun Ho Yang, Hee Jae Oh i Young Sung Kim. "Establishment of Waternode Stations for Water Quality Monitoring by IP-USN". Materials Science Forum 695 (lipiec 2011): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.610.

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Waternode station is a floating composite water quality monitoring device. The waternode station houses the multiple water quality measurement devices, control panel for wireless communication and solar cells for applying electric power. The floating devices are classified into general model with vertical dropping system and river model without vertical dropping system. The water quality measurement device measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The control panel is used for IP-USN system. USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) is a network system by water quality measurement devices. IP-USN is a USN system that identifies particular sensor connected to the internet. The data information is transferred by wireless modem based on TFB (Triple Frequency Band). Field application results showed that the waternode station is a reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions.
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KIL, Juhyeong. "A STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION STANDARDS AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR SMART WATER QUALITY SENSORS". European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, nr 2 (20.06.2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2022.07.02.117.

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The world is now building an artificial intelligence (AI) water quality management system to detect water quality accidents at an early stage and predict water quality vulnerable areas in advance beyond measuring the water quality. In other words, by applying big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to the conventional water quality measurement system that monitors water quality in real time, an artificial intelligence-based water quality measurement and water quality prediction system is built at the same time, and drones and unmanned ships are also introduced. It means implementing water quality management. Water quality accident prediction based on artificial intelligence measures water quality throughout the site of use through intelligent spatial analysis based on the integrated water quality database. On the other hand, the location of the site detected through artificial intelligence is displayed on the comprehensive monitoring screen, and special management such as on-site monitoring, replacement of consumables, and maintenance is carried out to prevent water quality accidents. In particular, the prediction accuracy of artificial intelligence is to create an algorithm for predicting future values by learning the characteristics and patterns of accumulated data. It depends on the function of the smart sensor itself. However, until now, there has been no international standard for smart sensors, so it was difficult to establish system interlocking or modularization for each manufacturer and site. Therefore, we present the most important standard communication standards for smart water quality sensors in the field and international standard performance specifications for smart sensors, and this research data is provided to all organizations engaged in water quality around the world for water quality measurement and prediction system data system for AI application.
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Alasl, M. Kashefi, M. Khosravi, M. Hosseini, G. R. Pazuki i R. Nezakati Esmail Zadeh. "Measurement and mathematical modelling of nutrient level and water quality parameters". Water Science and Technology 66, nr 9 (1.11.2012): 1962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.333.

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Physico-chemical water quality parameters and nutrient levels such as water temperature, turbidity, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll-a, salinity, conductivity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, were measured from April to September 2011 in the Karaj dam area, Iran. Total nitrogen in water was modelled using an artificial neural network system. In the proposed system, water temperature, depth, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll-a, salinity, turbidity and conductivity were considered as input data, and the total nitrogen in water was considered as output. The weights and biases for various systems were obtained by the quick propagation, batch back propagation, incremental back propagation, genetic and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms. The proposed system uses 144 experimental data points; 70% of the experimental data are randomly selected for training the network and 30% of the data are used for testing. The best network topology was obtained as (9-5-1) using the quick propagation method with tangent transform function. The average absolute deviation percentages (AAD%) are 2.329 and 2.301 for training and testing processes, respectively. It is emphasized that the results of the artificial neural network (ANN) model are compatible with the experimental data.
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Renaud, James, Arman Sarfehnia, Kristin Marchant, Malcolm McEwen, Carl Ross i Jan Seuntjens. "Direct measurement of electron beam quality conversion factors using water calorimetry". Medical Physics 42, nr 11 (9.10.2015): 6357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4931970.

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Hartnett, Michael, i Stephen Nash. "An integrated measurement and modeling methodology for estuarine water quality management". Water Science and Engineering 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2014.10.001.

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Dixon, A., D. Butler, A. Fewkes i M. Robinson. "Measurement and modelling of quality changes in stored untreated grey water". Urban Water 1, nr 4 (grudzień 2000): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-0758(00)00031-5.

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ZDEB, Monika, Dorota PAPCIAK, Justyna ZAMORSKA i Małgorzata MIĄSIK. "Quality assessment of healing mineral water using a variety measurement techniques". Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture XXXII, nr 3/I/2015 (30.10.2015): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2015.136.

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Kumar, Surender, i Shunsuke Managi. "Service Quality and Performance Measurement: Evidence from the Indian Water Sector". International Journal of Water Resources Development 26, nr 2 (czerwiec 2010): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900621003655726.

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