Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Water – law and legislation – history

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Water – law and legislation – history”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Пышьева, Елена, i Elena Pysheva. "History of Development of Legislation on Reclamation of Lands in Russia". Journal of Russian Law 2, nr 5 (16.04.2014): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3469.

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The article highlights the milestones of formation of the Russian legislation in the field of land reclamation. It gives the author’s periodization of the development of reclamation legislation of postrevolutionary Russia, with allocation of her stages. Brief characteristics of each stage is illustrated with the most important legislative acts in the field of public relations. The author uses historical, abstract-logical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods of scientific knowledge. The article notes that the main achievement of the post-revolutionary legislation is that land reclamation came to be seen not only in the regulation of land use (mainly agricultural land), but also within the legal institution of their protection. Special attention in the article is paid to the adoption of the Federal Law “On Land Reclamation” and its effect. This law laid the legal foundation for the development of the modern reclamation legislation. An analysis of legal acts and scientific literature was allowed to make a conclusion, that reclamation law in Russia for a long period of time was mostly fragmented. However, with the publication of a special Federal Law “On Land Reclamation” this fragmentation of the rules was overcome, but not completely. In addition, since 70s of XX century legal regulation of land reclamation was provided gradually by several branches of legislation (land and water).
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Ramesh, Aditya. "Custom as Natural: Land, Water and Law in Colonial Madras". Studies in History 34, nr 1 (13.11.2017): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643017736402.

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In 1865, the Madras government enacted a legislation, the Irrigation Cess Act, designed to allow it to extract revenue from water as separate as that from land. However, as emphasized by many commentators, this pithy legislation was far from comprehensive in its definition of government powers over water. Faced with resolute opposition from zamindars to any further legislation that would centralize control over water resources as well as powers to levy fees over water use to the government, the Madras state was forced to confront zamindars in court over the interpretation of the Irrigation Cess Act. In 1917, the Privy Council, the highest court in the land, delivered a landmark judgement in resolution of a dispute between the Madras government and the Urlam zamindari. The Urlam case, this article argues, lends a new perspective to historiography on custom and the environment in colonial India. The Privy Council judgement rendered custom a physical, historically reified, and ‘natural’ quality, simultaneously within and outside the encounter between labour and nature.
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Tyagi, Paritosh C. "Policy, Law and Implementation of Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 1 (1.07.1991): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0004.

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The paper is based on the experience in India, The policy of industrial wastewater pollution control is summarised. It is essentially based on the polluter pays principle. The corner-stones of the policy for setting standards are environmental protection, harmony with development needs, public participation and implementability. Prevention is accepted as better than cure. Industries are classified with regard to their potential for pollution. The history of legislative measures for control of water pollution is briefly described and the effectiveness of legislation has been critically examined. The organisational structure of the statutory boards at the Centre and States is described and steps taken for assessment and control of pollution caused by industrial wastewater have been enumerated.
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Penati, Beatrice. "Continuities and Novelties in Early Soviet Law-Making about Central Asian Water". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, nr 4 (16.05.2019): 674–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341491.

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AbstractThis article analyses the drafting process and underlying principles of early Soviet legislation on water rights and taxation on water in Central Asia. While the new Bolshevik ideology provided an ideal justification to enact the State-centric, technocratic principles implicit in the Tsarist Turkestan “water law” of 1916, it took a very long time for the Soviet regime to produce a comprehensive legislation that would explicitly replace the local pre-existing customs which had survived in the colonial period. This is surprising especially in the light of the continuity in personnel in the government agencies that governed land and water resources across the 1917 revolution. Two possible reasons for this slowness were the early Soviet “decolonisation” imperative and the inertial persuasion that the legislator could not fully grasp the intricacies of water-related rights and duties.
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Gharios, Georges. "Legal pluralism and unofficial law in Lebanon: evolution and sustainable development of water". Water Policy 22, nr 3 (8.05.2020): 348–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.224.

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Abstract In Lebanon, the organization of the water legislation dates back to as far as antiquity. While customs and habits used to govern water in the past, codified laws and their associated legal infrastructure are present nowadays, and cohabitate with persisting unofficial law. Mesopotamian, Roman, Ottoman, and French water laws were superimposed on Muslim customs and practices and traditional Arab social water arrangements in Lebanon, throughout a long history of conquests or mandates. Traditional customs and practices of water use that evolved into lore are still prevailing today, and go hand in hand with a palimpsest of water laws. Through a review of the co-evolution of thousands of years of written and unwritten water-related texts, the unique features of a hydro-palimpsest that combines formal and informal systems are put into value in an effort to explore their future potential in the sound and efficient management of water, in light of rapid global changes affecting the resource.
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Nykolaishen, Sarah, i Nigel Bankes. "Sacrificing Fish for Power: A Legal History of the Spray Lakes Development". Alberta Law Review 50, nr 1 (1.08.2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr266.

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This article tells the story of how Calgary Power acquired a legal licence to divert and store water in the Spray Lakes Reservoir, how multiple legal instruments, including the National Parks Act, Alberta’s Water Resources Act, and the Natural Resources Transfer Agreement were shaped along the way, as well as details the subsequent efforts that have been made to restore stream flows to the Spray River and rehabilitate its native cutthroat trout population. This article highlights many of the challenges that older hydro-developments pose to aquatic ecosystem health and instream flow needs, while demonstrating that the law can be shaped in interesting ways through the dual pressure of economic growth and environmentalism. This story offers food for thought as Canadian environmental legislation appears poised to undergo significant change.
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Negoita, Catalina. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) USE: SCIENTIFIC, LEGISLATIVE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS". JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, nr 1 (13.04.2024): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2024.7(1).02.

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Cannabis sativa L. culture has encountered various legislative challenges throughout history, and these have varied according to the social, political and economic context of each period. Historical stigma and prohibitions brought restrictions on cannabis, and anti-drug and prohibition policies adopted in the 20th century led to the prohibition of the cultivation of Cannabis sativa L. Its incorrect association with drugs of abuse and its classification as a narcotic substance complicated the legislation. Problems in differentiating between recreational and medical use have created confusion in law. Global inconsistency in cannabis rules and regulations has created difficulties in international trade and research cooperation. The recent evolution of legislation, marked by ambiguities and inconsistencies regarding the medical, industrial, and food use of cannabis, has raised questions and challenges. Production and marketing issues, such as strict regulations and licensing hurdles affect the cannabis industry in the Republic of Moldova too. These challenges are constantly changing, reflecting the diversity of perspectives and societal developments.
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Palerm-Viqueira, Jacinta. "A comparative history, from the 16th to 20th centuries, of irrigation water management in Spain, Mexico, Chile, Mendoza (Argentina) and Peru". Water Policy 12, nr 6 (24.03.2010): 779–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.110.

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This paper explores the long-term development of irrigation system management, and looks at the influence of legislation, irrigation system size, scalar stress and polarized land tenure in the existence and success of self-management. The case studies are drawn from regions of the former Spanish Empire. Hispanic America, between the 16th and early 19th centuries, as part of the Spanish Empire, had a common legal framework; however, in the 19th and early 20th centuries (after the break up of the Spanish Empire), new and diverse country-based legislation developed and, in some cases, this new legislation favoured self-management.
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Souza, Jocemar Santos de, i Beatriz Stoll Moraes. "ANÁLISE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS IMPLEMENTADAS PARA A GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO BRASIL". Ciência e Natura 38, nr 2 (31.05.2016): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x21896.

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Although the planet is covered by 70% water, poor distribution of this mineral causes some areas of the globe suffer from its lack. Even Brazil being privileged with 13% of freshwater around the planet, it was necessary the creation and implementation of laws for its preservation. This article aims to present the history of Brazilian legislation related to Water Management, since its inception to the current period. According to the bibliography, it is clear that concern for water resources in Brazil was initially for navigation and agriculture. From the year 1934, the Water Code went on to encourage the industrial use of water resources, defining water as a public good, common or private use. Only with the implementation of Law 9,433 / 1997, called the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) is what happened to give more importance to sustainable water management, with satisfactory quality standards for the various types of use. In 2000 it was created the National Water Agency (Law 9984), which has as main features the disciplinary implementation, operation, control and evaluation of management instruments created by PNRH.
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Nabavi, Ehsan. "(Ground)Water Governance and Legal Development in Iran, 1906–2016". Middle East Law and Governance 9, nr 1 (7.06.2017): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00901005.

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One hundred and ten years after the Persian (Iranian) constitution of 1906, the country is experiencing a serious water crisis. Blame is often attributed to the government’s mismanagement. This paper aims to throw light on the water-related laws and policies throughout Iran’s history to unravel the cause of this crisis from a legal perspective. This research provides a concise review on how the state’s development policies can be read through the water-relevant laws. To this end, the study defines and explores the laws through five chronological periods: (1) Codification, (2) Fast-paced Development and legislation, (3) Development and protection, (4) Development and Justice, (5) Back-to-Development. Along with highlighting the social, political, and economic background of each period, the key laws associated with water regulation are introduced and their implications on the development policies are discussed. This historical review provides us with insights about the question of why Iran is currently struggling with multiple challenges in the water sector, which are manifested as dried out rivers, disappearing lakes, and depleted groundwater.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Rebolone, Ana Maria. "Feminists in unchartered water, the legal pursuit of reproductive autonomy in the Supreme Court of Canada in the 1990s". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ45377.pdf.

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Espada, Gildo Manuel. "International law on water transfers". Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1880344.

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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law". Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.

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Ng, Kwok-keung Stephen, i 吳國強. "Transboundary water pollution: a legal perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255255.

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Yeung, Wai-tak Victor. "A review of the principles in the present legislation for controlling water pollution in Hong Kong and other countries /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498460.

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Agbonjinmi, Ayodeji Peter. "Enforcement of criminal offences in terms of the National Water Act 36 of 1998". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/582.

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Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental law and Management)) --University of Limpopo, 2007.
The purpose of this thesis was to critically examine the enforcement of environmental regulations with special reference to the enforcement of offences in the National Water Act 36 of 1998. “Enforcement” was conceptualized as “power” the exercise of which is constrained by the constitutionally guaranteed rights, especially the rights contained in Chapter 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 – the Bill of Rights. “Compliance” was conceptualized as a rational action. The polluter is both a rational economic actor as well as a rational political actor. “Enforcement” and “Compliance” were further considered as economic activities with costs and benefits. The “responsive enforcement and compliance” model was also adopted in this thesis. Environmental regulation is contentious because of the failure to adequately distinguish environmental crimes (mala prohibita) from common law crimes (mala in se) and the erroneous believe in the immutability of law especially pro-defendant procedural rights in criminal prosecution. This failure to distinguish environmental crimes from common law crimes resulted in the requirement of the proof of mens rea in criminal prosecution for breach of environmental law. Arguments were advanced to show that mens rea can easily be proved in environmental law areas of land use and development and resource conservation while it is a Herculean task for the prosecutor to prove mens rea in waste disposal and pollution offences. Arguments were also advanced, in terms of s. 24 of the 1996 Constitution and s. 2 of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998, to show that “sustainable development” and the principles derived therefrom, especially the “precautionary principle” and the “polluter–pays principle”, are part of the corpus of South African constitutional and statutory laws. The “precautionary principle” and the “polluter-pays principle” have assumed the status of customary international law, and consequently part of South African laws in terms of s. 232 of 1996 Constitution. The provisions of s. 24(b) of 1996 Constitution prescribed both positive and negative duties for the state in respect of environmental regulation and prescribed the ambit of environmental regulation in South Africa. The “precautionary principle” is interpreted as deliberation guiding in form and a legal rule in content. The “precautionary principle” as a rule guides the actions of organs of state and other environmental stakeholders. The “polluter-pays principles” is interpreted as a legal rule which should be applied in the “all-or-nothing” sense. Arguments were advanced for the application of the “polluter-pays principles” in criminal prosecution. The legal effect of the application of “polluter-pays principle” in criminal prosecution for environmental crimes is to negative mens rea and transform environmental crimes to strict liability offences. In the environmental law areas of land use and development and resource conservation where mens rea is easily provable, the application of the “polluter-pays principle” would limit the prosecutor’s duty to proving, beyond reasonable doubt, the acts that constitute the offence against the accused. Thereafter, it is opened to the accused to prove, on scale of probabilities, that he lacks the mens rea (dolus or culpa) necessary for conviction. In the area of waste disposal and pollution control where proof of mens rea is difficult, the application of the “polluter-pays principle” should result in the application of the rule in Rylands Fletcher. All the prosecutor need do to obtain conviction is to prove, beyond reasonable doubt, the acts that constitute the offence against the accused. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) is identified and recognized as the dominant social paradigm (DSP) in South Africa. It is within the context of this DSP that environmental regulation is situated. Examining the penal provisions in the National Water Act 36 of 1998 against the background of the DSP, one is not left in doubt why the water pollution and degradation offences in the Act are fault-based. The DSP also partly accounts for the subordination of criminal law to administrative and civil judicial procedures in the enforcement of offences in the NWA 36 of 1998. Offences in the NWA 36 of 1998 were classified into 5 groups– failure crimes, reporting crimes, fraud crimes, obstruction crimes and environmental injury crimes. The failure crimes, reporting crimes, fraud crimes and obstruction crimes are common law crimes (mala in se) in the environmental law context, they are therefore subject to criminal prosecution like any other common law crime. Most of the environmental injury crimes are subject to administrative and civil judicial penalties, that is, the criminal sanction is subordinated to administrative and civil enforcement. The water pollution and degradation offences in s. 151 (1)(i)(j) of NWA 36 of 1998 are fault-based. In a water stressed country, this is a subsidy to industry for job creation and poverty eradication as dictated by the DSP– the RDP. However, in the prosecution for water pollution and degradation offenses, the application of the “polluter-pays principle” would negative mens rea. The legal effect is that in any prosecution for water pollution or degradation, to secure conviction, the prosecutor is only expected to prove the acts constituting the offence beyond reasonable doubt. It is thereafter open to the accused to the prove, on scale of probabilities, that he lacked either the dolus or culpa required to ground conviction. Since different cast of players are responsible for environmental protection and criminal prosecution (the National Prosecution Authority), coordination amongst the environmental agency, the prosecuting authority and the police is recommended. This can be achieved, inter alia, through joint participation in national enforcement conferences and joint participation in environmental task forces.
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Lacher, Laurel Jane, Thomas III Maddock i William B. Lord. "RESPONSE FUNCTIONS IN THE CRITICAL COMPARISON OF CONJUNCTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN TWO WESTERN STATES". Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617810.

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Conjunctive management of surface and ground -water resources on state and local levels is a relatively new political phenomenon. This type of management has evolved, in part, in response to growing populations with ever -increasing, and often conflicting, water demands. In addition, a more sophisticated technical understanding of the physical link between groundwater and surface waters has led water managers to reconsider historical strategies for solving water supply problems. In light of growing demand and improved technology, some western states have begun the transition from crisis- oriented water management to one of long -term planning for population growth and environmental protection. This planning process requires that the constituents of a region define their water use goals and objectives so that various approaches to conjunctive management may be evaluated for their suitability to that particular physical and socio- political environment.
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Zapata, Alexander. "Discursive constructions of the new water legislation in Ecuador". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78542.

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Este artículo hace una revisión a los contenidos más sobresalientes y polémicos del nuevo marco normativo de las aguas en el Ecuador, particularmente de la Ley Orgánica de Recursos Hídricos, Usos y Aprovechamiento del Agua —vigente desde la segunda mitad de 2014—, apoyándose en la categoría de «discurso del derecho» desarrollado por el jurista Óscar Correas e identificando tensiones entre las construcciones discursivas que le han dado forma. Se concluye que esta ley, que refleja la concepción política en torno a la gestión de las aguas por la «Revolución Ciudadana», da cuenta de la perspectiva de un sector que, desde el control vertical del aparataje estatal, alienta una modernización capitalista de la economía buscando sostener y ampliar el aprovechamiento rentista del agua.
Based on the concept of «law discourse content» developed by Óscar Correas, this article examines the more outstanding and controversial issues of the new water regulation framework in Ecuador, with emphasis on the «Ley Orgánica de Recursos Hídricos, Usos y Aprovechamiento del Agua», in force since second half 2014, andidentifying the tensions between the discursive constructions that frame the new regulation. This leads us to the following conclusion: the law reveals a political conception on water management by the «Citizen Revolution» which, from the vertical control of the state apparatus, encourages a capitalist modernization of the economy seeking to support and expand a rentier use of water.
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Bria, Benyamin Y. "The development of mixed marriage legislation through missionary law from 1622 to the present". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6685.

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Moses, Julia Margaret. "Industrial accident compensation policies, state and society in Britain, Germany and Italy, 1870-1925". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609115.

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Książki na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Huisman, P. Water legislation in the Netherlands. Delft: DUP Satellite, 2004.

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Hobbs, Greg. The public's water resource: Articles on water law, history, and culture. Denver, Colo: CLE in Colorado, 2007.

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Hobbs, Greg. The public's water resource: Articles on water law, history, and culture. Wyd. 2. Denver, Colo: CLE in Colorado, 2010.

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Cooper, Craig. A history of water law, water rights & water development in Wyoming: 1868-2002. [Riverton, Wyo.]: Cooper Consulting, 2004.

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Wilkinson, Charles F. Values and western water: A history of the dominant ideas. [Boulder, Colo.]: Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado, School of Law, 1990.

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Winch, Martin T. Tumalo, thirsty land: History of Tumalo Irrigation District. Portland, Ore: Oregon Historical Society, 1985.

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Wenig, Michael M. Looking through cloudy waters: A historical analysis of the legislative declarations of crown water rights in Alberta. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Canadian Institute of Resources Law, 2010.

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The New River: A legal history. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, red. Brief history of the U.S. Water Resources Council [1965-1984]. [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 1987.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, red. Brief history of the U.S. Water Resources Council [1965-1984]. [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher i Roa Petra Crease. "A History of the Settler-Colonial Freshwater Impure-Ment: Water Pollution and the Creation of Multiple Environmental Injustices Along the Waipaˉ River". W Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 181–234. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_5.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we outline the history of water pollution in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Waipā River and its tributaries and demonstrate how environmental injustices can accumulate slowly over time. We highlight how Indigenous (Māori) and non-Indigenous (Pākehā) peoples held fundamentally different understandings of what constituted contaminated or clean water based on their different ontologies and epistemologies. We highlight how Māori people and their tikanga (laws) and mātauranga (knowledge) were excluded from settler-state water management planning processes for the majority of the twentieth century. Since 1991 new legislation (Resource Management Act) allows for Māori to participate in decision-making, however Māori values and knowledge continues to be marginalised, and Māori concerns about water pollution remain unaddressed. Accordingly, in the Waipā River environmental injustice continues to accumulate.
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Shome, Parthasarathi. "Tax Legislation". W Taxation History, Theory, Law and Administration, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68214-9_13.

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Melosi, Martin V. "Acequias and Spanish Water Law". W Water in North American Environmental History, 43–53. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041627-7.

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Boettcher, Michelle L., i Cristóbal Salinas. "A Brief History of Higher Education and Related Legislation". W Law and Ethics in Academic and Student Affairs, 14–39. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003442707-3.

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Kornfeld, Itzchak E. "Mesopotamia: A History of Water and Law". W The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water, 21–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2.

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Newton, Joshua. "A brief history of global water governance". W Routledge Handbook of Water Law and Policy, 352–66. Handbook of water law and policy Description: New York: Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315651132-27.

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Mgbeoji, Ikechi, i Stan Benda. "Food Law in Canada: A Canvass of History, Extant Legislation and Policy Framework". W International Food Law and Policy, 719–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_31.

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Ramsay, Ian, i Mihika Upadhyaya. "The Failed Attempt to Enact Benefit Company Legislation in Australia and the Rise of B Corps". W The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 395–424. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_19.

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AbstractAustralia is an unusual case study in terms of the history of benefit company legislation. Unlike the history in some other countries, the attempt by B Lab Australia and New Zealand (‘B Lab ANZ’) to introduce benefit company legislation was unsuccessful. It failed to gain the support of the government and attracted a mixed response from Australian businesses and academics. The authors discuss why the attempt was unsuccessful. However, although benefit company legislation was not enacted in Australia, B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification program has had significant success with 371 Australian B Corps as of January 2022. The authors argue that while B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification requirements achieve, in some important respects, some of what was contained in the proposed benefit company legislation, had it been enacted the proposed legislation would have ensured greater transparency and accountability for those companies electing to become benefit companies than is currently the case for B Corps in Australia.
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"Local Authorities (concluded): Consolidation Acts, 1845-7: Municipal Law, often Intricate and Conflicting: Frequent Variation from General Law: Attempt to bring them into greater Harmony: Consolidation of Local Acts: Commons' Committees on Sanitary Regulations, Committees on Police and Sanitary Regulations, 1882-6: Borough Funds Act, 1872: Application of Gas and Water Revenue: Metropolital Water Acts, 1886-Sinking Fund in Interest of Community: Street Improvements-Disposal of Superfluous Land: Exemptions from Local Rating: Number of Local Authorities". W A History of Private Bill Legislation, 540–80. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203770399-13.

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Macrory, Richard, i William Howarth. "The Legal Control of Pollution". W Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control, 492–521. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849736480-00492.

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Recognising the uniqueness of any system of national law seeking to address pollution control, this chapter provides a selective account of the laws of the United Kingdom, and particularly England, in relation to environmental quality. Following introductory observations on the relatively long history of the UK in respect of industrial pollution control legislation and the contemporary significance of membership of the European Union, the chapter outlines the purposes and mechanisms of environmental law and the sources of law and institutional responsibilities as these arise in national law, EU law and under international law. This provides a basis for more detailed consideration of key areas, encompassing private rights and civil remedies, and consideration of four legal models for pollution regulation: concerning statutory nuisances; water pollution and water quality law; the integration of pollution control and environmental permitting; and procedural environmental rights. The chapter concludes with observations on the future of pollution control law, recognising the limitations of what has been achieved by past environmental laws and offering reflections on the challenges which lie ahead.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Olds, Jerry D. "A History of Utah Water Law". W Water Resources and Environment History Sessions at Environmental and Water Reources Institute Annual Meeting 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40738(140)8.

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Coffey, P. J. E., i J. B. Connor. "Verification of Darcy's Law". W Great River History Symposium at World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41032(344)8.

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Yin, Na. "Analysis on the Legislation of Rural Drinking Water Management in Jiangxi Province". W Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.193.

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Uberman, V. I., i L. A. Vaskovets. "COMPARATIVE PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF “POLLUTING SUBSTANCE” IN WATER LEGISLATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU". W LEGAL SCIENCE, LEGISLATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT: TRADITIONS AND NEW EUROPEAN APPROACHES. Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-324-8-13.

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Tallova, Lydie. "VALIDITY AND LEGAL EFFECT OF PUBLISHING LICENSE AGREEMENTS ACCORDING TO NEW CZECH LEGISLATION". W NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/26.

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"This contribution focuses on the new legislation on the publishing license agreement in the Czech Republic. Given the legislative history and its importance in the copyright obligation area, this type of agreement occupies an essential position. The publishing license agreement is the oldest kind of license agreement. It dates back more than sixty years to earlier of the Czech legislation. Since 1953, it has been embedded in the the copyright law as a special subtype of copyright agreements. After the recent reform of the Czech private law, this legal body underwent a fundamental legislative change consisting of the transfer of this piece of legislation from the copyright law to the New Civil Code in order to unify the duality of the previous license agreement legislation formerly embedded in two legal norms of the Czech legal system. While the license provisions for literary, artistic and scientific works were contained in the copyright law provisions, the legal protection for industrial property objects, including corresponding license provisions, were subject to the commercial code. In connection with the private law reform, the New Civil Code came into effect on 1 January 2014 and its framework provided the lawmakers with a chance to unify the previously fragmented license agreement legislation into a single legal provision, while at the same time respecting the particularities of the license under copyright law. The unified license agreement legislation for commercial and civil relations in connection with the reform of local private law is newly defined in Sec. 2358 and 2389 of New Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Sb.), while the publishing license agreement provisions are defined in a special provision in Sec. 2384 and 2386 thereof. The new legislation has adopted the previous legislation from both special acts without any fundamental changes. However, minor changes are introduced to licensing law in the Czech Republic which are further specified in this paper. The issue under review is set in a theoretical framework and simultaneously depicted in a historical context. This paper presents the topic in its complexity by highlighting the overlap of the introduced changes in license agreement legislation with other provisions of the private law."
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Anderson, D. Larry. "History of the Development of the Colorado River and 'The Law of the River'". W Water Resources and Environment History Sessions at Environmental and Water Reources Institute Annual Meeting 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40738(140)11.

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JAFAR, MOHAMMED. "Floor and Apartment Ownership System A vision for a New Legislative Organization in Iraqi Law". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp65-84.

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The system of ownership of floors and apartments represents a developed form of the forms of class ownership. In addition to the old image that prevailed in the old laws of the ownership of classes, represented by the system of ownership of the top and bottom, it appeared in Europe as a result of the acute housing crisis in which the system of ownership of floors and apartments occurred. The law was adopted The Egyptian civil system adopted this system, and from it the majority of laws in Arab countries were taken. This advanced system of tiered ownership is based on dividing the vertical building into tiers or apartments owned by multiple persons, separate ownership and common ownership in the building structure, its land and all the common parts intended for the common use of the owners. Although the Iraqi civil law did not adopt the system of ownership of floors and apartments in its texts, the Iraqi legislator tried to fill this legislative deficiency in the Real Estate Registration Law No. (43) of 1971, and despite that, the system of ownership of floors and apartments remained unorganized and constituted completely in Iraqi legislation, The Iraqi legislator has made many attempts to fill this shortcoming, the most recent of which was his issuance of the Law Regulating Ownership of Floors and Apartments in Buildings No. (61) of 2000. However, the change that Iraq witnessed after 2003 made it necessary to reconsider the legislative regulation of the system of ownership of floors and apartments, from During the development of a new regulation in line with the investment laws and instructions in Iraq and in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We have divided our research into three demands. In the first requirement, we discussed the legislative history of the ownership system of floors and apartments in Iraqi law. In the second requirement, we discussed the legal systems applied in the ownership of classes. As for the third requirement, we devoted it to discussing ways to manage the common parts in the system of ownership of floors and apartments. . We concluded our research, with a conclusion in which we mentioned the most important conclusions, the most important of which is the distinction of the system of ownership of floors and apartments from the system of ownership of the top and bottom, and the multiplicity of Iraqi laws that dealt with this system by organizing without the existence of a comprehensive law for all its provisions applicable to all parts of Iraq, and we suggested finding a new legal organization in the Iraqi legislation , by regulating the substantive provisions of the system of ownership of floors and apartments in the Iraqi civil law, and the necessity of developing a special law dealing with the detailed provisions of this system.
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Miladinović, Snežana. "USLUŽNA PRAVILA U CRNOGORSKOM PRAVU (NEKAD I SAD)". W 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.031m.

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In this paper, we will present the rules on services in the light of Montenegrin law, in particular, through the history of Montenegrin law, as a distinctive and, in many ways, a unique, legal milieu. We will present a retrospective of development of rules on services, from their beginnings to contemporary positive legal solutions created under the influence of the process of harmonization and unification. We will present the rules on services in Montenegrin legislation as they used to be and what they are today.
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GOLOVKO, Liudmyla. "IMPLEMENTATION OF EU WATER POLICY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.103.

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The use, protection and management of water resources belong to the most urgent among global environmental problems of our time. Today, the civilization clearly realizes the need for careful management of water resources, maintaining and restoring its quality. Water quality determines the possibility of its use in various fields of human activity. For Ukraine problems of water sector are also acute and urgent. Low efficiency of water use, poor drinking water quality, nitrate contamination of water resources, poor condition of water bodies in Ukraine require more foreign experience in this sphere, especially the EU experience. The purpose of our scholarly work is to explore actual problems of harmonization of water legislation of Ukraine with the requirements of EU water policy and development of proposals for the improvement of Ukrainian legislation. Main features of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation in the water resources management sphere with EU law and prospects for implementation of principles of EU Water Framework Directive were analyzed. As a result of the study the ways of implementation of positive foreign experience of water objects management in Ukraine are considered. Considering the scale of ecological crisis in Ukraine the necessity of forming a new system of economic regulators of nature is obvious. Such system must not only accumulate funds for urgent actions, but primarily encourage economic entities to protect the natural environment. We consider it appropriate to introduce mandatory environmental insurance for operators of environmentally hazardous activities.
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Wei, Wang, Ekaterina Rusakova i Andrei Zimakov. "CIVIL PROCEEDINGS WITH FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS IN CHINA". W NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/09.

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This article considers the civil procedural legislation of the China, legal status of foreigners, jurisdiction of Chinese courts, and examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters on the territory of China. In order to achieve the above research objectives, we have identified the following research tasks: to summarize the development history of China's legislation related to civil proceedings with foreign participants, especially the changes in the Civil Procedure Law in several amendments; to determine the legal status of foreigners in civil proceedings and the scope of jurisdiction of Chinese courts over civil proceedings with foreign participants; to analyse treaties about judicial assistance signed between China and other countries or international organizations, especially those relating to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters on the territory of China
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Water – law and legislation – history"

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Devereux, Stephen. Policy Pollination: A Brief History of Social Protection’s Brief History in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.004.

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The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.
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Cunningham i Wilcox. PR-015-12205-R01 Technology Challenges for Liquid CO2 Pump Stations. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), grudzień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010023.

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As a result of proposed new climate change legislation requiring carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, there has been increased interest in the development of carbon capture technology worldwide. CCS aims to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by capturing it from the emissions of large producers and storing it underground. One often overlooked component of the CCS process is the transmission of captured CO2 to sequestration sites. This anthropogenic, or man-made, CO2 presents unique challenges to transportation because of the inclusion of impurities such as water (H2O), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2), and Methane (CH4). These impurities cause changes in the properties of the CO2 stream and complicate the design of pipelines. Pure CO2 pipelines for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) have a long history of operation in North America, but this technology must be adapted to anthropogenic CO2 uses. Other technologies can potentially be adapted from the oil and gas industry. There are still challenges to be addressed, however, before anthropogenic CO2 pipeline technology can be considered mature. The objective of this project is to pinpoint areas of CO2 pipeline technology that still require development related to anthropogenic CO2 pump stations and their operation when transporting CO2 as a dense phase or supercritical fluid. This report focuses on identifying these challenges and providing a research roadmap to guide the development of anthropogenic CO2 technology to maturity. This project identified key technology challenges related to the gas properties, equipment, and operation of anthropogenic CO2 pipeline pump stations. Through an extensive literature review, interviews with industry professionals, and input from the PRCI committee, a list of relevant technology challenges was developed. The technologies were then ranked the level of development of these challenges using the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale to identify technologies in need of significant development. This report addresses the progress of technologies determined to have a low TRL level of development.
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Баттахов, Петр Петрович. ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1815-1337-2021-51857.

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The article discusses the history of social entrepreneurship development in Russia. The concept and activities of a new social project in the country are being studied, legal regulation of entrepreneurial, social legal relations of subjects of law is being studied. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for the establishment of separate legal regulations for social enterprises. In the future, the author identifies a change in the vector of development of social entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation and assistance from the state in various priority areas in order to develop economic entities. It is proposed to improve some articles of the current legislation and, at best, to adopt a separate federal law "On Social Entrepreneurship of the Russian Federation."
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer i Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
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