Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Water-ethanol mixture

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Water-ethanol mixture”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Ma, Sijia. "Inter-molecular interactions between water and ethanol". Advances in Engineering Technology Research 4, nr 1 (18.03.2023): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.4.1.515.2023.

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The structure and properties of alcohol-water mixtures are of great significance in the study of mass transfer theory and industrial applications. When dissolving in water, alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, further complicating the properties of the binary mixture. The properties of the mixture they form are quite different from those of the corresponding pure substance. However, although ethanol-aqueous solutions have been widely used, the physical and chemical properties of ethanol-aqueous solutions have not been thoroughly explained. In this paper, various physical changes of ethanol and water after dissolution were observed by experiments, and the possible causes of these changes were analyzed from the perspective of molecular dynamics. It is of positive significance to further understand the molecular interaction between ethanol and water in mixtures and the properties of ethanol aqueous solution.

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Belšak, Grega, Saša Bajt i Božidar Šarler. "Numerical Study of the Micro-Jet Formation in Double Flow Focusing Nozzle Geometry Using Different Water-Alcohol Solutions". Materials 14, nr 13 (28.06.2021): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133614.

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The purpose of this work is to determine, based on the computational model, whether a mixture of a binary liquid is capable of producing longer, thinner and faster gas-focused micro-jets, compared to the mono-constituent liquids of its components. Mixtures of water with two different alcohols, water + ethanol and water + 2-propanol, are considered. The numerical study of pre-mixed liquids is performed in the double flow focusing nozzle geometry used in sample delivery in serial femtosecond crystallography experiments. The study reveals that an optimal mixture for maximizing the jet length exists both in a water + ethanol and in a water + 2-propanol system. Additionally, the use of 2-propanol instead of ethanol results in a 34% jet length increase, while the jet diameters and velocities are similar for both mixtures. Pure ethanol and pure 2-propanol are the optimum liquids to achieve the smallest diameter and the fastest jets. However, the overall aim is to find a mixture with the longest, the smallest and the fastest jet. Based on our simulations, it appears that water + 2-propanol mixture might be slightly better than water + ethanol. This study reveals the dominant effect of liquid viscosity on the jet breakup process in a flow focusing nozzles operated under atmospheric conditions.

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Cerempei, Valerian. "Temperature Influence on Phase Stability of Ethanol-Gasoline Mixtures". Chemistry Journal of Moldova 6, nr 1 (czerwiec 2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2011.06(1).10.

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The article investigates phase stability of ethanol-gasoline mixtures depending on their composition, water concentration in ethanol and ethanol-gasoline mixture and temperature. There have been determined the perfect functioning conditions of spark ignition engines fueled with ethanol-gasoline mixtures.

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Hoffmann, Ingo, Firoz Malayil Kalathil, Tobias Lopian, Didier Touraud, Orsolya Czakkel, Marie Plazanet i Christiane Alba-Simionesco. "Unexpected molecular dynamics of ethanol in hydrogen-bonded binary mixtures, ethanol-octanol and ethanol-water". EPJ Web of Conferences 272 (2022): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227201003.

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In view of getting a quantitative picture of the dynamics in mixtures of hydrogen-bonded liquids, in particular the ternary water-ethanol-octanol, we examine in this paper the dynamics of two binary systems: ethanol-water and ethanol-octanol. Our multiscale investigation includes quasi-elastic neutron scattering for the characterization of the dynamics at the molecular scale, completed by NMR at the mesoscopic scale and eventually compared with macroscopic viscosity properties. We highlight the decrease of diffusivity in pure alcohols when increasing the lengthscale and conjecture its relation with the two processes measured in dielectric spectroscopy. While the behaviour of ethanol-water is well understood, unexpected inversion of the slowest component between the micro and the mesoscale are evidenced in the ethanol-octanol mixture. This effect could be at the origin of the negative viscosity excess in the mixture of alcohols.

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Aazza, Smail. "Application of Multivariate Optimization for Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants Extraction from Moroccan Cannabis sativa Waste". Journal of Chemistry 2021 (20.08.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9738656.

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A statistical simplex centroid design methodology was applied to determine the effects of different solvents and their mixtures on the yield, total polyphenol content, 2′2-dipheny-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of extracts from the waste of Cannabis sativa. The different extractor solvents (ethanol, methanol, water, and hexane) and their binary and ternary combinations were evaluated. The experimental results and their response surface models showed that the highest TPC yield values occur with the binary interaction between water and ethanol around the proportion of (ethanol, 70%; water, 30%). The desirability function showed that the optimal conditions were for TPC extraction ternary mixtures which consisted of 75% ethanol, 12.5% methanol, and 12.5% water. Ternary mixtures including water and binary mixture (ethanol 50% to 75%) yielded extracts with the best DPPH antioxidant activity, whereas pure methanol was the best solvent for extracting molecules with FRAP antioxidant capacity. The desirability function including all responses showed that the optimal solvent mixture consisted of 25% ethanol and 75% methanol.

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Mekala, Mallaiah, Bhoopal Neerudi, Padma Rao Are, Raviteja Surakasi, G. Manikandan, Vighneswara Rao Kakara i Aditya Abhaykumar Dhumal. "Water Removal from an Ethanol-Water Mixture at Azeotropic Condition by Adsorption Technique". Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (14.04.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8374471.

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The separation of ethanol-water mixture is employed in the present work to produce pure ethanol, the present investigation on the separation of water from the ethanol to achieve pure ethanol by adsorption process. The different parameters like quantity of adsorbent, flow rate of feed mixture, and different adsorbents which are zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A, and silica gel are selected to study purification of ethanol by adsorption. The effect of process parameter for purification is also recorded and studied to evaluate the performance of adsorption equipment and adsorbent. The experiments are conducted at 30°C. The feed mixture is 95.6% (v/v) concentration of ethanol and 4.4% (v/v) of water. The designed adsorption column is suitable for purification of ethanol. The highest ethanol concentration 99.9443% obtained at 20 ml/min flow rate of feed mixture using 50 g of zeolite.

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Feng, Shanghuan, Rufei Wei, Mathew Leitch i Chunbao Charles Xu. "Comparative study on lignocellulose liquefaction in water, ethanol, and water/ethanol mixture: Roles of ethanol and water". Energy 155 (lipiec 2018): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.023.

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Davletbaeva, Ilsiya M., Alexander V. Klinov, Alina R. Khairullina, Alexander V. Malygin i Nikolay V. Madaminov. "Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium in Binary and Ternary Azeotropic Solutions Acetonitrile-Ethanol-Water with the Addition of Amino Esters of Boric Acid". Processes 10, nr 10 (19.10.2022): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102125.

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The effect of amino esters of boric acid (AEBA) on the conditions of vapor–liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures of acetonitrile–water, ethanol–acetonitrile and a three-component mixture of ethanol-acetonitrile-water was investigated. Residual curves and vapor–liquid phase equilibrium conditions (TPXY data) were experimentally measured at atmospheric pressure for a binary mixture of acetonitrile-AEBA and a triple mixture of acetonitrile-water-AEBA. Previously unknown energy binary parameters of groups B, CH2N with group CH3CN were determined for the UNIFAC model. The correction of the value of the binary parameter water—acetonitrile was carried out. On the basis of thermodynamic modeling, the degree of influence of AEBA on the relative volatility of acetonitrile in binary and ternary mixtures was analyzed. It is shown that the use of AEBA removes all azeotropic points in the studied mixtures. In this case, acetonitrile turns out to be a volatile component, and water is a non-volatile component in the entire concentration range.

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Tanimura, Shinobu, Shin-ichi Nakao i Shoji Kimura. "Ethanol-selective membrane for reverse osmosis of ethanol/water mixture". AIChE Journal 36, nr 7 (lipiec 1990): 1118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360719.

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Choudhury, J. P., P. Ghosh i B. K. Guha. "Separation of ethanol from ethanol?water mixture by reverse osmosis". Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27, nr 7 (lipiec 1985): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270725.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Hashi, Mohamed. "Ethanol Recovery from Carbon Dioxide Stripped Ethanol-Water Vapor Mixture Using Adsorption". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28549.

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In this research project, adsorption is used in conjunction with carbon dioxide stripping to increase the efficiency of ethanol production by decreasing the effect of the product inhibition. The reduction in product inhibition is particularly important when ethanol is produced from the lignocellulosic biomass because genetically-modified microorganisms able to use all fermentable sugars are less tolerant to ethanol. Carbon dioxide removes some ethanol from the fermentation broth and reduces the level of ethanol toxicity, while adsorption is used to recover the entrained ethanol from the vapour phase. A series of adsorption screening experiments were performed to compare four activated carbon adsorbents and two hydrophobic ZSM-5 type zeolites. One activated carbon (WV-B 1500) exhibited the highest ethanol capacity. Adsorption isotherms for ethanol and water in the presence of carbon dioxide at different temperatures were determined. The temperature-dependent Toth isotherm model provided satisfactory fits for these isotherms. Ethanol adsorption experiments with and without the presence of water were conducted and showed similar ethanol adsorption capacities indicating that the presence of water has negligible effect for ethanol adsorption. A mathematical model was developed to predict the adsorption performance of activated carbon WV-B 1500 for ethanol vapour adsorption in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. The model takes into account changes in velocity due to adsorption, heat effects during adsorption, and heat losses to the surroundings. The model was validated with experimental data. Finally the model was used to predict the adsorption working capacities to assess the performance of the adsorption process in an industrial process. An economic analysis was performed by comparing a simulated base case ethanol production plant with a similar process coupled with carbon dioxide stripping and adsorption technology. The process was modeled using Aspen HYSYS to perform material and energy balances. The packed bed adsorption system, operating as a temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) or a vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA) system, was simulated to evaluate the performance of the adsorption system and to size and cost the associated equipment. Preliminary results showed that the grass roots cost for the ethanol production process coupled with carbon dioxide stripping and adsorption technology for three different TSA (purge gas at 80, 100, and 120°C) and VSA (adsorption pressure at 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 atm) systems were more cost effective than the base case ethanol plant.

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Benson, Tracy John. "Dehydration of an ethanol/water mixture using lignocellulosic based adsorbents". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11102003-171312.

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Shirridan, Caroline. "The catalytic decomposition of ethanol to a synthesis gas mixture". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11913.

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Demir, Ayhan. "NMR-the basic principles and its use in studies of water/ethanol/mixture". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57881.

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Visagie, Pieter Johannes Jacobus. "The analysis of an ammonia/water hybrid heat pump in the ethanol production process / by Pieter J.J. Visagie". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2529.

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Ethanol is a renewable energy source that could decrease society's dependence on fossil fuels, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Producing ethanol on a small scale on South African farms could provide farmers with the capability of increasing their profits by reducing their input cost. Ethanol can be directly used as fuel and could supply alternative products to their market. This study evaluated the feasibility of using an ammonia/water hybrid heat pump in the ethanol production process. A model for the material and energy balance of a small scale ethanol plant was simulated, to obtain the requirements to which the hybrid heat pump had to adhere. A two stage hybrid heat pump (TSHHP) was then modelled. It is capable of operating at high temperatures and it has high temperature lift capabilities, which are suitable in the production of ethanol. The results from the model demonstrated that the TSHHP could operate at an average temperature lift of 106°C with a maximum temperature of heat delivery as high as 142°C and cooling as low as 9°C. Simultaneous heating and cooling demand in the ethanol production process can be met with the TSHHP. For the TSHHP model, 120 kW of heating and 65 kW of cooling is supplied while maintaining a COP of 2.1. The model accuracy was also verified against another simulation program. Implementation of the TSHHP into the ethanol plant was then discussed, as well as methods to optimize production by energy management. When compared to conventional heating and cooling systems, it was found that the TSHHP provides a more cost effective and energy efficient way of producing ethanol. The economic evaluation demonstrated that the installation cost of the TSHHP would only be 63% of the price of a conventional system. The main advantage is that the TSHHP uses only 38% of the energy used in a conventional system.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

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Kumar, Naresh. "Desulfurization of coal using ethanol, water and ethanol/water mixtures". Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175712666.

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Berryman, P. J. "Molecular dynamics simulations of ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804937/.

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Gaubeur, Ivanise. "Determinação das constantes de dissociação/ionização da di-2-piridil cetona benzoilhidrazona (DPKBH) em diferentes porcentagens de etanol". Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-15022016-165753/.

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A di-2-piridil cetona benzoilhidrazona (DPKBH) é um reagente solúvel em uma série de solventes orgânicos mas pouco solúvel em água. Vem sendo utilizado para a determinação de metais, (principalmente do grupo de transição) como Fe(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), entre outros e como ligante de referência para estudar o comportamento dos íons Fe(II) e Fe(III) em presença de espécies orgânicos encontrados em águas naturais. Com o objetivo de entender melhor as propriedades do DPKBH em meio de etanol, foi necessário determinar as constantes de dissociaçãolionização em diferentes porcentagens desse solvente orgânico (10, 19, 29 e 48 %). Nestas porcentagens de etanol, através de medidas absolutas de pH determinaram-se os pKs do DPKBH utilizando-se a técnica potenciométrica e em 10 e 48 % de etanol através de medidas absolutas de pH associadas às absorbâncias das espécies presentes nos equilíbrios, utilizando-se a técnica espectrofotométrica. Nas devidas porcentagens de etanol, o comportamento do eletrodo foi previamente determinado. Os valores de pK1 3,210; 3,342; 3,398 e 3,360 e de pK2 10,834; 11,013; 11,793 e 11,382 foram obtidos respectivamente para 10, 19, 29 e 48 % de etanol, utilizando-se a técnica potenciométrica. Através da técnica espectrofotométrica os valores de pK1 foram 3,257 e 3,322 e pK2 10,880 e 11,820, em 10 e 48 % de etanol, respectivamente.
The di-2-pyridyl ketone benzoylhydrazone (DPKBH) is a soluble reagent in different organic solvents but slightly soluble in water. It has been used for metal determinations, (mainly transition metals) such as for Fe (II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and also like a reference ligand to study the behavior of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the presence of organic species found in natural waters. So as to better understand the DPKBH properties In ethanol, it was necessary to determine the dissociation/ionization constant in different percentages of ethanol (l0, 19, 29 and 48%). In these ethanol percentages, through absolute pH measurements, pKs of DPKBH could be the found by using the potentiometric technique, and in 10 and 48% of ethanol the pKs of DPKBH were determined with pH measurements associated to absorbance of the species present in the equilibria by using the spectrophotometric technique. In appropiate percentage of ethanol the behavior of the glass electrode was previously determined. The pK1 values 3.210; 3.342; 3.398 and 3.362, and pK2 10.834; 11.013; 11.793 and 11.382 were found for 10,19,29,48 % of ethanol, by using the potentiometric technique. The spectrophotometric technique led to pK1 values 3.257 and 3.322, and the pK2 ones 10.880 and 11. 820 in 10 and 48 % of ethanol respectively.

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Franks, A. P. "Adsorption of ethanol-water mixtures on high silica zeolites". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38319.

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JAIN, ABHISHEK. "DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBRANES FOR LIQUID PHASE ETHANOL-WATER SEPARATION". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109038241.

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Książki na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Luh, Song-ping. The cloud point composition and flory-huggins interaction parameters of polyethylene glycol and sodium lignin sulfonate in water-ethanol mixtures. 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) water; (2) ethanol". W Supplement to IV/18, 726–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_447.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Dielectric constant of the mixture (1) water; (2) ethanol". W Supplement to IV/6, 520–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75506-7_328.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Surface tension of the mixture (1) water; (2) ethanol". W Supplement to IV/16, 277. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75508-1_204.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Refractive index of the mixture (1) water; (2) ethanol". W Refractive Indices of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures (Supplement to III/38), 570–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75291-2_361.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) water; (2) 2-(ethylamino)ethanol". W Supplement to IV/18, 865–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_488.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) water; (2) 2-(diethylamino)ethanol". W Supplement to IV/18, 915–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_506.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Refractive index of binary liquid mixture of water and ethanol". W Optical Constants, 412–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49236-9_396.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of water and ethanol". W Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 493–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_456.

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Cibulka, I., L. Hnědkovský, J. C. Fontaine, K. Sosnkowska-Kehiaian i H. V. Kehiaian. "Volumetric Properties of the Mixture Water H2O + C2H6O Ethanol (LB3114, VMSD1112)". W Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes, 11042–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73584-7_3116.

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Cibulka, I., L. Hnědkovský, J. C. Fontaine, K. Sosnkowska-Kehiaian i H. V. Kehiaian. "Volumetric Properties of the Mixture Water H2O + C2H6O Ethanol (LB3113, VMSD1211)". W Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes, 11055–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73584-7_3117.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Khalid, Norashikin, Mohamad Faiz Zainuddin, Zulkifly Abbas, Tity Nazleen Mohamed i Nordin Sabli. "Determination of ethanol concentration of ethanol/water mixture solutions with open ended coaxial method". W 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaees.2016.7888127.

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Cai, Chang, Hong Liu, Xi Xi, Ming Jia, Weilong Zhang i Yang He. "Theoretical Model of Bubble Growth in Superheated Ethanol-Water Mixture". W ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3985.

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Abstract A novel model was developed to investigate the bubble growth characteristics in uniformly superheated ethanol-water (EtOH-H2O) mixture. The influence of the mass fraction of ethanol was discussed in detail. In the proposed model, the energy equation and the component diffusion equation for the liquid were respectively coupled with quadratic temperature and mass fraction distribution within the thermal and concentration boundary layers. The non-random two-liquid equation (NRTL) was adopted to obtain the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the binary mixture at the bubble surface. The comparison between the current calculated bubble radius with the available experimental data demonstrates the accuracy of the bubble growth model. The maximum mass diffusion limited growth rate was also proposed to quantify and illustrate the effect of mass diffusion on bubble growth. The results showed that the later stage of bubble growth in a binary mixture is controlled by both mass diffusion and heat transfer. The bubble growth characteristics strongly depend on the initial mass fraction of ethanol. Within a large concentration range, a higher content of ethanol is adverse to bubble growth at a constant superheat degree. The effect of mass diffusion on bubble growth becomes weaker with an increased initial mass fraction of ethanol.

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Fedirchyk, Igor, Oleg Nedybaliuk, Valeriy Chernyak i Valentyna Demchina. "Plasma-catalytic conversion of ethanol-water mixture into synthesis gas". W 2016 II International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics and Engineering (YSF). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ysf.2016.7753816.

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Aziz, Azharin Shah Abd, Suhaila Abdullah, Abdul Hadi Abdullah, Amri Hj Mohammed i Ismi Safia Adila Ibrahim. "Azeotrope ethanol-water mixture dehydration using water adsorbent synthesized from spent bleaching clay". W 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0062244.

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Reynoso, G., P. Marti´nez i R. Reyes. "Interfacial Energy and Micelle Conditions of Ternary Mixtures for Improved Heat Transfer". W ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72571.

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The search for suitable mixtures as boiling fluids leads to the development of ternary liquid mixtures that could handle even higher heat fluxes than binary mixtures through the formation of stable bubble-micelles departing from the heater’s surface. The amount of experimental work for testing the combinations is reduced using the interfacial tension prediction capabilities of simulation software, although it is not possible to predict singularities in the interfacial tension behavior of the mixtures. The ethanol aqueous mixture shows a singularity in its interfacial tension value at 16% ethanol by weight. In this work was combined with glycols for enhancing boiling heat transfer by decreasing the mixture interfacial tension. Also, the effect of the surfactants Dodecyl Benzene Sodium Sulfonate (DBSS) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate (SLS) in the mixture interfacial tension was studied. The measurements of sessile drop contact angles of mixtures with added surfactant allowed finding the singularities in the surface tension values that are related to critical micelle concentrations and the increment in boiling heat transfer. The propilenglycol-ethanol-water mixture produced the lowest values of contact angles, while for the etilenglycol-ethanol-water mixtures no such reduction was obtained with the same amount of the glycol. The use of DBSS and SLS at their critical micelle concentration decreased further the interfacial tension of the propilenglycol ternary mixture to generate a mixture that could improve the convective heat transfer coefficient.

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Kumar, Pushkar, B. G. Suhas i Alangar Sathyabhama. "INVESTIGATION ON SUBCOOLED FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER TO WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURE". W Proceedings of the 24th National and 2nd International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (IHMTC-2017). Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihmtc-2017.3380.

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Smith, Colin H., Daniel M. Leahey, Liane E. Miller, Janet L. Ellzey i Michael E. Webber. "Conversion of Wet Ethanol to Syngas and Hydrogen". W ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54215.

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Because of converging concerns about global climate change and depletion of conventional petroleum resources, many nations are looking for ways to create transportation fuels that are not derived from fossil fuels. Biofuels and hydrogen (H2) have the potential to meet this goal. Biofuels are attractive because they can be domestically produced and consume carbon dioxide (CO2) during the feedstock growth cycle. Hydrogen is appealing because its use emits no CO2, and because hydrogen fuel cells can be very efficient. Today most hydrogen is derived from syngas, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide, which is produced through catalytic steam reforming of methane (CH4). Although effective, this process still produces CO2. Another method used to generate hydrogen is water electrolysis, but this process is extremely energy intensive. Thus, finding an energy-efficient approach to producing hydrogen from biofeedstock is appealing. Though there are many biofuels, ethanol (C2H5OH) is a popular choice for replacing fossil fuels. However, many have questioned its value as a renewable fuel since it requires a significant amount of energy to produce, especially from corn. Producing pure ethanol requires substantial energy for distillation and dehydration to yield an appropriate “dry” fuel for traditional combustion engines. Wet ethanol, or ethanol that has not been fully distilled and dehydrated, requires significantly less energy to create than pure ethanol. In this paper, we present a non-catalytic pathway to produce hydrogenrich syngas from wet ethanol. The presence of water in the reactant fuel can increase the hydrogen mole fraction and decrease the carbon monoxide mole fraction of the product syngas, both of which are desired effects. Also, because there are no catalytic surfaces, the problems of coking and poisoning that typically plague biomass-to-hydrogen reforming systems are eliminated. The non-catalytic fuel reforming process presented herein is termed filtration combustion. In this process, a fuel-rich mixture of air and fuel is reacted in an inert porous matrix to produce syngas. Some of the ethanol and air mixtures under study lie outside the conventional rich flammability limits. These mixtures react because high local temperatures are created as the reaction front propagates into a region where the solid matrix has been heated by exhaust gases. These high temperatures effectively broaden the flammability limits, allowing the mixture to react and break down the fuel into syngas. The conversion of pure and wet ethanol is a novel application of this process. Exhaust composition measurements were taken for a range of water fractions and equivalence ratios (Φ) and were compared to equilibrium values. The water fraction is the volumetric fraction of the inlet fuel and water mixture that is water. Equivalence ratio is the ratio of the fuel to oxidizer ratio of the reactant mixture to the fuel to oxidizer ratio of a stoichiometric mixture. A stoichiometric mixture is defined as a mixture with proportions of fuel and oxidizer that would react to produce only water and carbon dioxide. The stoichiometric mixture (Φ = 1) of ethanol and oxygen (O2) is 1 mole of ethanol for every 3 moles of oxygen: C2H5OH+3O2↔2CO2+3H2O Hydrogen mole fraction of the exhaust gas increased with increasing equivalence ratio and remained nearly constant for increasing water-in-fuel concentration. Carbon monoxide mole fraction was also measured because it may be used as a fuel for certain fuel cells while it can poison others [1]. Species and energy conversion efficiencies were calculated, showing that significant energy savings could be made by reforming wet ethanol rather than pure ethanol into syngas. Also, it is shown that the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio increases with addition of water to the fuel, making this method attractive for the production of pure hydrogen.

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Bian, Jiang, i Xuewen Cao. "Research on the Condensation Process of Gaseous Water and Water/Ethanol Mixture in the Laval Nozzle". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4917.

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Abstract Condensation phenomenon has been studied actively for decades because of its extensive and significant applications in various fields of technology and engineering. The condensation phenomenon of condensable component in supersonic flows is still not understood very well as a result of the complex nucleation and droplet growth process, especially the condensation characteristic of gas mixture. In this paper, the Laval nozzle was designed based on the bi-cubic curve, state equation of real gas, arc plus straight line and viscous correction of boundary layer. The physical and mathematical models were developed to predict the condensation process in the supersonic air flows based on the nucleation and droplet growth theories, surface tension model and gas-liquid governing equations. The condensation processes of gaseous water/air binary (single condensable) gas and water/ethanol/air ternary (double condensable) gas mixture in the designed nozzle were simulated, and the reliability of the established models was verified by the experimental data. By comparing the condensation process of water/air binary gas with water/ethanol ternary gas, the influence of the second condensable component on the condensation process was analyzed. The results show that in the condensation process of gaseous water, as the pressure and temperature of water vapor decrease in the nozzle, spontaneous condensation occurs further downstream the nozzle throat. The nucleation rate grows rapidly from 0 to peak in a very short distance. With the consumption of water vapor, due to the decrease of the degree of supercooling, the nucleation environment is destroyed, and the nucleation rate quickly decreases to 0. The nucleation process is rapid in time and space, while the droplet growth process could maintain longer. The droplet number and mass fraction increase continuously till the nozzle outlet. There is a weak condensation in the nozzle due to the release of latent heat, but it is not obvious because the air acts as a heat container and absorbs the latent heat released by condensation. In the water/ethanol/air ternary system, the ethanol nucleates prior to water vapor. With the increase of supercooling, water vapor also begins to nucleate. In essence, there are two kinds of condensation nuclei (water nuclei and ethanol nuclei), and both the water and ethanol vapor can aggregate on these two kinds of condensation nuclei. Compared with the condensation process of water, the Wilson point of condensation is closer to the throat and the outlet mass fraction of liquid phase is greater in the condensation process of water/ethanol mixture, which shows that the water and ethanol can affect and promote each other. The maximum nucleation rate, droplet growth rate, droplet radius and outlet mass fraction of liquid phase of water/air binary and water/ethanol/air ternary mixture are about 9.46 × 1026 m−3s−1 and 2.57 × 1027 m−3s−1, 1.65 × 10−5 m/s and 1.02 × 10−5m/s, 1.32 × 10−7m and 1.63 × 10−7m, 0.19% and 1.34%, respectively.

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Thern, Marcus, Torbjo¨rn Lindquist i Tord Torisson. "The Ethanol-Water Humidification Process in EvGT Cycles". W ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53901.

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Ethanol from bio-products has become an important fuel for future power production. However, the present production technology is rather expensive. This paper focuses on how to lower the production cost of ethanol extraction from mash, and to use the ethanol as a primary fuel in gas turbines for heat and power production. Today, ethanol is produced during distillation by supplying energy to extract the ethanol from the mash. Using the evaporation process in the evaporative gas turbine to extract the ethanol from the mash before the distillation step, a lot of energy can be saved. In the evaporation process, the ethanol is extracted directly from the mash using energy from low-level energy sources. The evaporation technology is therefore expected to reduce the cost for the ethanol production. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer inside the ethanol humidification tower drives a mixture of ethanol and water into the compressor discharge air. To investigate the evaporation of a binary mixture into air at elevated pressures and temperatures, a test facility was constructed and integrated into the evaporative gas turbine pilot-plant. The concentration of ethanol in the mash is not constant but depends on the sugar content in the feedstock used in the fermentation process. Tests were therefore conducted at different concentrations of ethanol in the ethanol-water mixture. Tests were also performed at different temperature and flow conditions to establish the influence of these parameters on the lower heating value of the produced low calorific gas. It has been shown that this technology extracts about 80% of the ethanol from the mash. It has also been shown that the composition of the resulting gas depends on the temperatures, flow rates and composition of the incoming streams. The tests have shown that the produced gas has a lower heating value between of 1.8 to 3.8 MJ/kg. The produced gas with heating values in the upper range is possible to use as fuel in the gas turbine without any pilot flame. Initial models of the ethanol humidification process have been established and the initial test results have been used for validating developed models.

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Moharana, Manoj Kumar, Rohan M. Nemade i Sameer Khandekar. "Phase-Change Heat Transfer of Ethanol-Water Mixtures: Towards Development of a Distributed Hydrogen Generator". W ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17668.

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Hydrogen fuel from renewable bio-ethanol is a potentially strong contender as an energy carrier. Its distributed production by steam reforming of ethanol on microscale platforms is an efficient upcoming method. Such systems require (a) a pre-heater for liquid to vapor conversion of ethanol water mixtures (b) a gas-phase catalytic reactor. We focus on the fundamental experimental heat transfer studies (pool and flow boiling of ethanol-water mixtures) required for the primary pre-heater boiler design. Flow boiling results (in a 256 μm square channel) clearly show the influence of mixture composition. Heat transfer coefficient remains almost constant in the single-phase region and rapidly increases as the two-phase region starts. On further increasing the wall superheat, heat transfer starts to decrease. At higher applied heat flux, the channel is subjected to axial back conduction from the single-phase vapor region to the two-phase liquid-vapor region, thus raising local wall temperatures. Simultaneously, to gain understanding of phase-change mechanisms in binary mixtures and to generate data for the modeling of flow boiling process, pool-boiling of ethanol-water mixtures has also been initiated. After benchmarking the setup against pure fluids, variation of heat transfer coefficient, bubble growth, contact angles, are compared at different operating conditions. Results show strong degradation in heat transfer in mixtures, which increases with operating temperature.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Water-ethanol mixture"

Freni, S., G. Maggio i F. Barone. Performance of an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell supplied with ethanol/water mixture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460264.

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Ramanathan Sampath. Investigation of Phase and Emulsion Behavior, Surfactant Retention and Condensate Recovery for Condensate/Water/Ethanol Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902814.

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Ramanathan Sampath. INVESTIGATION OF PHASE AND EMULSION BEHAVIOR, SURFACTANT RETENTION, AND CONDENSATE RECOVERY FOR CONDENSATE/WATER/ETHANOL MIXTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877363.

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