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Lin, Ying-Ching, i Chiu-chi Angela Chang. "Exploring wasteful consumption". Journal of Environmental Psychology 49 (kwiecień 2017): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.01.001.
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Eggert, Wolfgang. "Capital tax competition with socially wasteful government consumption". European Journal of Political Economy 17, nr 3 (wrzesień 2001): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(01)00043-x.
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Thøgersen, John. "Wasteful food consumption: Trends in food and packaging waste". Scandinavian Journal of Management 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 1996): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(96)00011-5.
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Handa, Takaya, Yuhei Yoshimoto, Kazuya Nakayama i Akio Kitagawa. "Novel Power Reduction Technique for ReRAM with Automatic Avoidance Circuit for Wasteful Overwrite". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/181395.
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Low-power operations can be great advantageous for ReRAM devices. However, wasteful overwriting such as the SET operation to low-resistance state (LRS) device and the RESET operation to high-resistance state (HRS) device causes not only an increase in power but also the degradation of the write cycles due to repeatedly rewriting. Thus, in this paper, we proposed a novel automatic avoidance circuit for dealing with wasteful overwriting that uses a sense amplifier and estimated the energy consumption reduction rate by conducting a circuit simulation. As a result, this circuit helped to reliably avoid the wasteful overwriting operation to reduce about 99% and 97% of wasteful energy using VSRC and CSRC, respectively.
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السرابي, ياسمين, i علي الخضر. "الهدر في استهلاك الخبز في الأردن = Wasteful Consumption of Bread in Jordan". Dirasat Human and Social Sciences 43 (październik 2016): 2187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0035115.
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عبيدات, محمد إبراهيم, i ياسمين عبد اللطيف السرابي. "الهدر في استهلاك الخبز في الأردن = Wasteful Consumption of Bread in Jordan". Dirasat Administrative Sciences 43, nr 1 (2016): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0028459.
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Gupta Khusbu Kumari. "Waste Management Strategies in Textile & Garment Sector". International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, nr 9S (12.10.2020): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s09.
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Textiles and Apparel (T&A) sector is one of the most significant industrial sectors and plays a major role towards contribution to national economy, employment generation and exports in developing countriesand most essential consumer goods industry. However, textile industry is accused of being one of the most polluting industries. Not only production but consumption of textiles also produces waste. To counter the problem, textile industry has taken many measures for reducing its negative contribution towards environment. One of such measures is textile recycling- the reuse as well as reproduction of fibers from textile waste. Recycling can be done through thermal, material, chemical and mechanical processes. Textile recycling is beneficial for environmental and economic conditions, reducing demand for textile chemicals, requirement of landfill space is reduced, consumption of less energy and reducing of water wastage. Market research, and efforts are needed to increase consumer awareness and to encourage manufacturers to increase the use of recycled textile waste into new products. Fashion consumption and sustainability are often opposing ideas. Fashion consumption is a highly resource-intensive, wasteful practice; and sustainability frowns on wasteful consumption. Sustainability in the fashion business is still an emerging agenda, not yet established, and many authors have recognised the importance of investigating how sustainability could be achieved
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Bayu Ananda Putra, Kusnendi i Aas Nusrasyiah. "THE EFFECT OF RELIGIUSITY MODERATION ON THE EFFECT OF INCOME ON MUSLIM HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE". Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan dan Akuntansi 12, nr 1 (31.08.2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/ekspansi.v12i1.1929.
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Abstract : Islam regulates one's consumption to stay in the right corridor, such as not wasteful and also pay attention to social values. A good Muslim must be able to distinguish between needs and desires. But today, in reality, there are still many people who live consumptive and hedonism. This study aims to determine the effect of income on Muslim household consumption expenditure and the extent to which religiosity can moderate that influence. The population in this study were housewives in majelis taklim in Sukasari District. The sampling technique is purposive sampling-judgment sampling with a sample size of 97 respondents. The method used in this research is explanatory method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques using primary data through interviews and questionnaires to housewives in the Sukasari District taklim assembly. The data analysis technique used is the Moderated Regression Analysis method. The results showed that income significantly affected the consumption expenditure of Muslim households, and the level of religiosity significantly moderated the effect of income on Muslim household consumption expenditure.
Keywords: Muslim Household Consumption Expenditure, Income, Religiosity
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Nurjannah, Nurjannah, Irwan Misbach i Rahmawati Muin. "The Maslahah of Muslim Consumer Behavior in Using E-Wallet in Makassar City". FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 7, nr 1 (1.07.2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v7i1.3331.
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Technological developments affect the changes in a person's consumption level. The existence of a non-cash payment method using an e-Wallet that provides various conveniences is undeniably a disadvantage for its users, especially Muslim consumers; one of them is a wasteful attitude. Wasteful or consumptive behavior is an act prohibited in Islam. This study aimed to reveal and explain the maslahah of Muslim consumer behavior in using e-Wallet. This study was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The primary data sources came from interviews conducted with e-Wallet users of OVO, GoPay, DANA, ShopeePay, and LinkAja types in Makassar City aged 21-35 and had worked. Additionally, the secondary data sources came from various references, such as books, journals, and other research. The data analysis was carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The study results indicated that the maslahah of Muslim consumer behavior in Makassar City using e-Wallet was practical in transacting; safe and clean in transactions, save on shopping and be more diligent in a donation. The use of e-Wallet can be categorized at the level of maslahah hajiyyah, whose existence can help the difficulties faced by Muslim consumers.
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Williams, Stephanie Paige, Gladman Thondhlana i Harn Wei Kua. "Electricity Use Behaviour in a High-Income Neighbourhood in Johannesburg, South Africa". Sustainability 12, nr 11 (3.06.2020): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114571.
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Worldwide, households’ consumption of electricity contributes to a substantial proportion of total national energy demand. Thus, the residential sector is a major entity in efforts to define and achieve global sustainability goals. Understanding electricity use behaviour and factors underlying behaviour is critical for designing behaviour change interventions, particularly in contexts characterised by fast-growing economies, burgeoning number of high-income households, and consumption growth. However, relative to developed economies, very little is known on this subject in South Africa. Using structured questionnaires, this study examines electricity use behaviour among high-income households in Johannesburg, South Africa. Findings indicate evidence of electricity-saving behaviour, but the proportion of households doing so was less than 50% for many actions, indicative of widespread wasteful habits. Other particular wasteful electricity use habits include leaving electronic gadgets and appliances on ‘standby’ mode, not turning off electric water heaters and not defrosting fridges without automatic settings. The findings lend support to the positive and negative influence of self-transcendence and egoistic values respectively on environmental behaviour, but other value orientations did not yield significant relationships. The implications of the findings on practical interventions for and theoretical constructs underlying strategies for environmentally-sustainable behaviour are discussed.
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Gil-Giménez, Domingo, Gladys Rolo-González, Ernesto Suárez i Gabriel Muinos. "The Influence of Environmental Self-Identity on the Relationship between Consumer Identities and Frugal Behavior". Sustainability 13, nr 17 (27.08.2021): 9664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179664.
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The need to reduce consumption is evident, and a way of achieving this is through austerity and frugal practices. The aim of this research was to advance the understanding of frugal behavior and its relation to consumer identities, and to analyze any possible mediating effects of environmental self-identity. In Study 1 (n = 492), the factor structure of the consumer identities scale was tested and three distinct identities were defined: moral, wasteful, and thrifty consumer identities. In Study 2 (n = 500), the influence of consumer identities on frugal behavior was studied and the possible mediating effect of environmental self-identity was analyzed. Environmental self-identity completely mediated the relationship between moral identity and frugal behavior and partially mediated the relationships of both wasteful and thrifty identities with frugal behavior. The model was able to predict 27.6% of the variance of environmental self-identity and 47.9% of the variance of frugal behavior, with a strong influence by the thrifty consumer identity. This emphasizes the economic dimension of frugal consumption patterns and the importance of considering how people view themselves, both as individuals and as consumers, in order to more effectively engage and maintain long-term sustainable frugal actions.
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Collins, Rebecca. "Excessive . . . but not wasteful? Youth cultures of everyday waste (avoidance)". cultural geographies 27, nr 2 (26.08.2019): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474019871637.
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This article contributes to ongoing debates around the cultural production of waste by arguing for a clearer distinction between concepts of ‘waste’ and ‘excess’ and by suggesting the benefits of this distinction for tackling the perceived consumer cultural waste ‘problem’. Drawing on recent qualitative research with UK adolescents, I consider how a range of (youth/consumer) cultural drivers, social norms and moral imperatives shape young people’s everyday material consumption practices in ways that reflect (and produce) varied ways of (de/re-)valuing no-longer-wanted possessions. By exploring the cultural projects within which the young participants and their material possessions were engaged, and by identifying their aims in employing specific keeping and ridding practices, noteworthy differences between ‘waste’ and ‘excess’ materialise. I suggest that the drivers of the ‘excesses’ identified – characterised here in terms of ‘outgrowings’ and ‘hedging’ – highlight a set of distinctly cultural challenges to be met if the slippage of materials from ‘excess’ into ‘waste’ is to be averted. I contend that acknowledging these challenges, and these conceptual distinctions, may prove beneficial in attempts to address some of the societal challenges (e.g. material novelty as a driver of social status) related to the production of waste.
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Rohayedi, Eddy, i Maulina Maulina. "KONSUMERISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM". TRANSFORMATIF 4, nr 1 (5.10.2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/tf.v4i1.1900.
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Most of the world community has become a modern society, modernization has a positive impact in facilitating daily activities, and it is closely related to consumer behavior (consumerism) which is embraced by the society consciously or unconsciously. This research describes how Islam views the consumerism. The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which describes the phenomena that exist about consumerism in Islamic perspective. The type of qualitative research that used in this study is the study of documents or texts, which are studies of written documentary material in the form of textbooks, manuscripts, articles, and its kind. Data analysis procedure before in the field is to analyze result on the preliminary observational study. The analysis during the field uses Miles and Huberman's model analysis, which suggests that the activities and analysis of qualitative data are carried out interactively and continuously until completion, thus the data is already saturated. Data analysis consist data collection, data reduction, data presentation, andanalysis/conclusion. The results shows that consumerism is excessive andirrational consumption behavior that prioritizes desires rather than needs by not prioritizing benefits that tend to be wasteful, satisfaction, and self-recognition. For Islamic perspective, consumerism is forbidden because it belongs to excessive behavior, is only oriented to worldly satisfaction and arrogance. Islam teaches consumption behavior that embraces the understanding of balance in various aspects, according to needs and has a value of benefits in accordance with rationality, which means that if properly understood the concept of consumption taught by Islam then humans can limit their desires in accordance with the needs and benefits that lead to the reduced behavior wasteful, miserly, and arrogant behavior. Most of the world community has become a modern society, modernization has a positive impact in facilitating daily activities, and it is closely related to consumer behavior (consumerism) which is embraced by the society consciously or unconsciously. This research describes how Islam views the consumerism. The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which describes the phenomena that exist about consumerism in Islamic perspective. The type of qualitative research that used in this study is the study of documents or texts, which are studies of written documentary material in the form of textbooks, manuscripts, articles, and its kind. Data analysis procedure before in the field is to analyze result on the preliminary observational study. The analysis during the field uses Miles and Huberman's model analysis, which suggests that the activities and analysis of qualitative data are carried out interactively and continuously until completion, thus the data is already saturated.Data analysis consist data collection, data reduction, data presentation, andanalysis/conclusion. The results shows that consumerism is excessive andirrational consumption behavior that prioritizes desires rather than needs by not prioritizing benefits that tend to be wasteful, satisfaction, and self-recognition. For Islamic perspective, consumerism is forbidden because it belongs to excessive behavior, is only oriented to worldly satisfaction and arrogance. Islam teaches consumption behavior that embraces the understanding of balance in various aspects, according to needs and has a value of benefits in accordance with rationality, which means that if properly understood the concept of consumption taught by Islam then humans can limit their desires in accordance with the needs and benefits that lead to the reduced behavior wasteful, miserly, and arrogant behavior.
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Page, Tom. "Habits and Behaviours in the Use of Domestic Lighting". International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 8, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2019040105.
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The issue of electricity consumption reduction in the domestic sector is becoming a pivot matter, with domestic energy use ever-increasing and the rising awareness of its significant impact on the environment. As lighting is responsible for 19% of the average house's electricity consumption it was deemed a suitable area of study to gather behaviours and habits that can be targeted to encourage sustainable behaviour and ultimately reduce electricity consumption. The aim of this research is to investigate consumer habits and behaviours in home lighting in UK households and identify behaviours and habits to change in order to reduce home lighting electricity consumption. The research was used to identify electricity wasteful habits and behaviours that can be targeted. An online survey and a seven day participant lighting diary were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data on consumers' lighting behaviours and habits.
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Boukarta, Soufiane, i Ewa Berezowska. "Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings". Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 7, nr 1 (1.05.2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2017-0001.
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AbstractIn the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.
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Neiman, Fraser D. "Conspicuous Consumption as Wasteful Advertising: a Darwinian Perspective on Spatial Patterns in Classic Maya Terminal Monument Dates". Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 7, nr 1 (28.06.2008): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.1997.7.1.267.
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O’Brien, Ed, i Robert W. Smith. "Unconventional Consumption Methods and Enjoying Things Consumed: Recapturing the “First-Time” Experience". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, nr 1 (17.06.2018): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218779823.
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People commonly lament the inability to re-experience familiar things as they were first experienced. Four experiments suggest that consuming familiar things in new ways can disrupt adaptation and revitalize enjoyment. Participants better enjoyed the same familiar food (Experiment 1), drink (Experiment 2), and video (Experiments 3a-3b) simply when re-experiencing the entity via unusual means (e.g., eating popcorn using chopsticks vs. hands). This occurs because unconventional methods invite an immersive “first-time” perspective on the consumption object: boosts in enjoyment were mediated by revitalized immersion into the consumption experience and were moderated by time such that they were strongest when using unconventional methods for the first time (Experiments 1-2); likewise, unconventional methods that actively disrupted immersion did not elicit the boost, despite being novel (Experiments 3a-3b). Before abandoning once-enjoyable entities, knowing to consume old things in new ways (vs. attaining new things altogether) might temporarily restore enjoyment and postpone wasteful replacement.
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Phuphanin, Akkhachai, i Wipawee Usaha. "Scalarized Q Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Area Coverage Control and Light Control Implementation". ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 16, nr 2 (3.04.2018): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2018162.171333.
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Coverage control is crucial for the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most coverage control schemes are based on single objective optimization such as coverage area only, which do not consider other contradicting objectives such as energy consumption, the number of working nodes, wasteful overlapping areas. This paper proposes on a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) coverage control called Scalarized Q Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (SQMORL). The two objectives are to achieve the maximize area coverage and to minimize the overlapping area to reduce energy consumption. Performance evaluation is conducted for both simulation and multi-agent lighting control testbed experiments. Simulation results show that SQMORL can obtain more efficient area coverage with fewer working nodes than other existing schemes. The hardware testbed results show that SQMORL algorithm can find the optimal policy with good accuracy from the repeated runs.
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Ladegaard, Jakob. "Luxurious Laughter. Wasteful Economy in Ben Jonson’s ComedyVolpone, or the Fox(1606)". European Review 24, nr 1 (luty 2016): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000447.
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, London became an international centre of commerce. The trade in exotic luxury goods played a significant part in this process. In contemporary society, the taste for luxury and the economic, social and cultural changes it embodied were viewed with both fascination and distrust. The new shopping centres where luxury goods were on display were thus accused of corrupting public morality and damaging national trade. The public debate about luxury was in part conducted on the stage of the commercial Elizabethan theatre, especially in the new genre of so-called city comedies that portrayed, parodied and criticized social life in the expanding city. Ben Jonson was a master of this genre and his most famous comedy,Volponeor the Fox (1606), dealt with the contested issue of luxury. In contrast to many previous readings that have interpreted the play in terms derived from later liberal and Marxist economic thinking, this article analyses the theme of luxury in relation to contemporary economic and moral debates. I will argue that the play depicts the main character Volpone’s taste for luxury and the way he acquires it as both morally and economically damaging for an economy such as the English one, which at the time was built on personal debt and credit and therefore heavily reliant on credibility and reciprocal social obligations. However, this lesson is complicated by the fact thatVolponeitself was in fact part of the economic relations Jonson criticized, since it was a commodity – and, in the eyes of many contemporaries, indeed a luxury commodity – on London’s thriving theatre market. I argue that Jonson is aware of this contradiction without being able to resolve it. Ultimately, then,Volponeis an ambivalent comedy intended to provoke reflection in the audience about their consumption of spectacular luxury both inside and outside the theatre.
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Faieza, A. A., i J. Nadarajah. "A Framework for Effective Energy Management Modeling in Industry". Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (luty 2014): 1895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1895.
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The demand for energy in continues to grow. This projected growth in demand has spurned several initiatives aimed at forestalling potential shortages. The focus is on influencing the energy consumption patterns in industry especially during peak demand times when energy supply systems are strained. Moreover, the modern society has become more sensitive to the impact on the environment. More consumers are aware today of the need to conserve energy. A typical platform will enable industry to reduce electricity usage. The ability to manage energy usage more effectively saves businesses. To ensure the provision of adequate, secure and cost-effective energy supplies, resources using the latest cost options are being utilized. To promote the efficient utilization of energy and discourage wasteful and non-productive patterns of energy consumption, the energy policy's approach is to rely heavily on industry to exercise efficiency in energy conversion, utilization and consumption through the implementation of awareness programs. This research will encourage engineers in industry to evaluate, investigate, discover and discuss the various opportunities available to manage energy in industry utilizing a well-structured and engineered methodology and to consider energy management initiatives seriously.
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SCHUBERT, CHRISTIAN, i CHRISTIAN CORDES. "Role models that make you unhappy: light paternalism, social learning, and welfare". Journal of Institutional Economics 9, nr 2 (12.02.2013): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137413000015.
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AbstractBehavioral (e.g., consumption) patterns of boundedly rational agents can lead these agents into learning dynamics that appear to be ‘wasteful’ in terms of well-being or welfare. Within settings displaying preference endogeneity, it is however still unclear how to conceptualize well-being. This paper contributes to the discussion by suggesting a formal model of preference learning that can inform the construction of non-standard notions of dynamic well-being. Based on the assumption that interacting agents are subject to two biases that make them systematically prefer some cultural variants over others, we develop a procedural notion of well-being, based on the idea that policy should modify institutional conditions that generate dynamic instability in preference trajectories, while leaving individual choice sets unrestricted.
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Putri, R. E., M. I. A. Lubis, Andasuryani, A. Hasan, Santosa i F. Arlius. "Energy audit of rice production in West Sumatra province, Indonesia". Supplementary 6 4, S6 (27.12.2020): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s6).019.
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Audit energy is an appropriate method to determine the energy consumption expended in each agricultural cultivation activity, thereby reducing the wasteful use of energy. Energy consumption in rice cultivations consists of humans, fuel, machinery, seed, fertilizer and pesticides. The objective of the study was to analyze the total energy consumptions in the form of an energy audit activity on lowland rice cultivation in West Sumatera Indonesia. It is important to do, because of much energy input excessed, but less on productivity. So, by using analysis energy expenditure, productivity can be optimized with fixed input energy the costs could be minimized. Energy inputs were measured during all operating activities in rice cultivation (seeding, tillage, planting, fertilizing, spraying, weeding and harvesting). Energy input analysis based on energy sources used was divided into six parameters, namely: engine energy, fuel, humans, seeds, chemicals (pesticides) and fertilizer energy. The result showed the average of the total energy inputs in this study was 16,816,612 MJ/ha distributed to human, fuel, machinery, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides energy respectively 216.39; 890.75; 60.02; 983.29; 14,207.54; and 458.60 MJ/ha. Production costs incurred in rice cultivation activities in this study were IDR 13,107,562/ ha. Finally, the rice yield prediction model based on the input energy are Y1 = 4786.56 – 28.29X1 + 36.23X2 - 24.73X3 - 8.43X4 + 0.06X5 - 0.80X6 and Y2 = 3605.11 + 5.44X2. The data of total energy were needed as a recommendation for the government to balance energy input and output on rice cultivations.
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Sudarmaji, Eka, Noer Azam Achsani, Yandra Arkeman i Idqan Fahmi. "Decomposition Factors Household Energy Subsidy Consumption in Indonesia: Kaya Identity and LMDI Approach". Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 8, nr 2 (11.06.2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v8i2.1900.
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For decades, the subsidy had prompted excessive and wasteful while offering little motivation to boost energy efficiency or reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aimed to measure household subsidy energy by examining the relationship between the other ten variables. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and decomposition index were deployed to recognize the determinant effects that drive household's subsidy energy consumption. This study also presented an ARDL model applied. The robustness of the Granger Causality, Long-run, and Short-run causality during 1990-2017 was assessed. Based on LMDI, we found out that Population, Income Per Capita, Ratio National Renewal Energy over Fuel Fossil, Gross Capital Stock, Urban Household Consumption, and Ratio Household Subsidy were the positive factors that aggravate the change in household energy subsidy. The negative sign of Ratio National Energy Intensity effect, Ratio Fossil Renewal Energy effect, Ratio Capital Labour substitution, and Ratio Household over Labour Force signified the decreasing significance of less household energy subsidy. On the panel ARD-ECM, we identified a negative sign speed-of-adjustment and significant at 1%. It implied that all the ten variable effects were converging in the long run after an experience shocks. The equation parameters were considered stable since the CUSUM gets inside the two critical lines. Additional RESET test of the stability to ascertain whether the estimated model was linear or correctly specified has been performed.
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Philp, Matthew, i Marcelo Vinhal Nepomuceno. "When the frugal become wasteful: An examination into how impression management can initiate the end‐stages of consumption for frugal consumers". Psychology & Marketing 37, nr 2 (3.12.2019): 326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.21303.
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Chaudhuri, Himadri Roy, i Sitanath Majumdar. "Conspicuous Consumption: Is That All Bad? Investigating the Alternative Paradigm". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 35, nr 4 (październik 2010): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100405.
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Effort in studying the phenomenon of conspicuous consumption can be adequately justified by the concept's near universality and timelessness. The Theory of Veblen presents conspicuousness as a purposive conduct in which status considerations predominate. His opinion regarding individuals' efforts “to excel in pecuniary standing” indicates his positioning of conspicuous consumption as consumers' deliberate, conscious activity to achieve the objective of status enhancement. Our everyday experience suggests that the nature of conspicuous consumption (CC) is going through a change, which remains largely unaddressed by the extant literature (for details see, Chaudhuri and Majumdar, 2006). This calls for a closer investigation of the dynamics of a more contemporary perspective of CC and the present paper takes an attempt at the same. For long, in modern societies where ‘order’ is of supreme importance, CC has been considered as a ‘sinful,’ ‘wasted’ expense that delivers no value. Possibly because of this, lavish expenditure was branded wasteful as the practice symbolized exception (Mason, 1981) or “disorder.” However, with evolving ideologies of postmodernism, consumption also gradually moved to the symbolic realm. This symbolic consumption helps the consumer to express his⁄her self and achieve a sense of continuity and identity. By adopting abstract interpretations and ascribing complex cultural meaning to products, those with “higher” taste but less money would aim to compete with those with money but no matching taste. The cultural ‘elite,’ thus, can make even a mundane or an easily affordable product to express and exhibit their exclusive taste, by sophisticated, in-depth appreciation and appropriate communication of these ‘taste-symbols’ which, by design, remain distinct from ‘status-symbols’. Based on the above discussion, the paper proposes an alternative conceptualization of the conspicuous consumption construct and also discusses the marketing implications.
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Ariwibowo, Didik. "AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL". Gema Teknologi 16, nr 3 (6.02.2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v16i3.4710.
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Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC
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Liebenberg, Leon, Douglas Velleman i Walter Booysen. "A simple demand-side management solution for a typical compressed-air system at a South African gold mine". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, nr 2 (1.05.2012): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3159.
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Once designed, mine compressed-air systems tend to operate at peak levels throughout the life of the mine, despite there being significant periods when this air quantity is not required. This is mainly due to lack of appropriate compressor controls. Consequently, such compressed-air systems are inefficient and wasteful. A compressed-air system at a South African gold mine was retrofitted with an automatic compressor control system featuring compressor cascading and pressure bandwidth control. The goal was to implement a simple demand-side management (DSM) strategy to afford meaningful electrical energy savings. The automatic control strategy realised a saving of 1.25 MW (on a baseline of 7.22 MW) during Eskom’s evening peak demand window. This represents a reduction of 17.3% in electrical power consumption during the evening peak period, and savings of nearly R2.9 million per year.
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Huho, Julius M., Rose C. Kosonei i Peter, K. Musyimi. "The Media of Washatiyah Dakwah in Quranic Exegesis Study". Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, nr 2 (8.05.2020): 932–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.921.
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Food waste occurs when food is ready for consumption but not consumed. Food waste has considerable social, economic and environmental impacts. Even though it has become a global concern, no comprehensive studies on food waste in Kenya is available. This study sought to establish the sociodemographic determinants of households’ food waste in Garissa sub-county, in Garissa County, Kenya. A total of 165 consumers were involved in the study. Bakery products were the most wasted. The per capita food wasted was 6.1 kg/person/year or approximately 5.1 tonnes (equivalent to 39,352,110 Kcal) for Garissa County. At a per capita consumption of 2360 Kcal/ person/day, the food wasted was enough to feed 16,674 people for one day. Males were more wasteful than females. Food waste was higher in households: headed by people aged 25 – 34 years; with higher income; with urban residency and with large sizes. Annually, Kshs 9600 (US$96) per household was lost from the wasted food translating to a loss of Kshs 1.4 billion (US$ 13.6 million) from the 141,353 households in Garissa County. With guidance and good policies, food waste can be managed since the majority of the consumers were concerned about food waste and had intentions to reduce it.
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Mutumbi, Uzziah, Gladman Thondhlana i Sheunesu Ruwanza. "Reported Behavioural Patterns of Electricity Use among Low-Income Households in Makhanda, South Africa". Sustainability 13, nr 13 (29.06.2021): 7271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137271.
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Households consume up to 20% of overall electricity consumption globally; hence, they are important role players in efforts towards promoting sustainable consumption. Research on electricity use behaviour is important for informing intervention strategies; however, relative to developed countries, research on this subject is lacking in developing countries where electricity access is limited. In South Africa, electricity use behaviour among poor neighbourhoods remains little studied and understood. This study was carried out among low-income households in Makhanda, South Africa, characterised by high poverty and unemployment rates, low education levels, and limited access to basic services. Using a self-reporting approach, electricity use behaviour of low-income households was assessed against a list of common household electricity use actions. A survey of 297 households was conducted. The findings show mixed results, with households reporting both good electricity use behaviour (e.g., cooling down hot food before refrigeration and using washing machines on full load) and wasteful actions (e.g., leaving appliances on standby). Our results show that electricity use behaviour was influenced by socio-psychological values including universalism, benevolence, hedonism, and power. Some of the reported electricity behavioural patterns are consistent with those previously reported among high-income households. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Qu, Lina. "Waste on the Tip of the Tongue: Social Eating Livestreams (Chibo) in the Age of Chinese Affluence". Asiascape: Digital Asia 8, nr 1-2 (17.06.2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340131.
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Abstract This article investigates Chinese social eating livestreams (chibo) in the context of China’s 2020 campaign against food waste. It argues that the subgenre ‘big stomach kings’, a target of the campaign, evinces the moral implications of Chinese affluence, of which food waste is exemplary. The emerging affluence in China has normalized conspicuous, wasteful consumption and given rise to a local form of flaunting wealth called ‘xuanfu’. Chinese social media are inundated with xuanfu images, a symptom of the necessary psychosocial adaptation to affluence. Isolating the ‘big stomach kings’ livestreams from the social context of xuanfu, the anti-waste campaign glosses over the underlying social issue of the vast wealth gap between the affluent and the poor. To expose the ethical controversy of these livestreams, the article also analyzes their gender politics by parsing the mystifying image of female ‘big stomach kings’, whose slim bodies are in stark contrast to their enormous appetites.
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Paine, Sam, Patrick James, AbuBakr Bahaj i Andrew Waggott. "Heating and controls use resulting from shared-cost charges in communal network social housing". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, nr 3 (8.03.2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624420911170.
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In dwellings connected to district or communal heating schemes occupants are commonly charged based on actual heat consumption, providing a direct link between heat consumption and weekly heating cost. This article investigates how the use of fixed-rate, shared-cost charging without dwelling-level metering affects the heating and controls use in communal network social housing. Living room and radiator temperatures in 50 flats were monitored over a winter heating season and occupants surveyed at monitoring install and removal. The primary stated and observed heating strategy was to leave the heating always on and control through the radiator thermostatic radiator valves. Of people who used timer control, total heating hours reduced with increased frequency of manual intervention. Mean indoor temperatures up to 27.7°C were observed, implying many residents are adapted to higher indoor temperatures. Thus, the current model encourages wasteful behaviour and education on use of controls is key to transitioning residents to charging for actual heat use. Practical application: This article intends to inform the landlords of communal network social housing schemes on the impacts that shared-cost recovery methods of charging for heat has on heating and controls use. This charging method can impact the behaviour of the network occupants resulting in higher heat consumption, overall higher heating costs and subsequently higher carbon emissions from the site if occupants are not adequately trained in how to operate their heating effectively. Where similar charging methods are implemented, the article hopes to inform operators of the potential vulnerabilities of the network occupants to changes in the method of charging for heat.
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Biantoro, Agung Wahyudi. "Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Efisiensi Energi di Gedung Ins. Kabupaten X, Banten". Jurnal Teknik Mesin 7, nr 2 (31.10.2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v7i2.3103.
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ABSTRACT Electrical energy is one of the necessities of life that are important to us, but excessive consumption of electrical energy will bring adverse effects. The effort that needs to be done for energy efficiency is to conduct an energy audit in the building. An energy audit is one way to find out whether the level of energy consumption in the building, whether included in the wasteful or efficient category. In conducting the energy audit process it is necessary innovation for data processing can be done quickly and cost-effectively. Data processing is done by making software applications, using Visual Studio program that is connected with Microsoft Access as data storage. From the results of the research, the value of Energy Use Intensity (EUI or IKE) in Building Ins, Banten is 3.84 kWh / m2 / month or 46.02 kWh / m2 / year. It belongs to the very efficient category which is where to standardize office building that is 240 kWh / m2 / year. The average lighting condition of each room is still below the standard, which is below 240 lux, while the average AC temperature condition is 24.40C, in general has an efficient performance. The results of testing software applications are known to run well, with fast operation and can produce accurate data. Keywords: Energy Audit, EUI, Energy Efficiency, Software Energy Audit
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Semenenko, Inna. "Energy security of Ukraine in the context of its sustainable development". Equilibrium 11, nr 3 (30.09.2016): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.024.
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Energy security is an important issue for Ukraine's sustainable development. The main goal of the article is to show the state of energy security of Ukraine, analyze its tendencies and challenges, reveal the impact of energy security on sustainable development of a country. The state of the energy security of Ukraine was analyzed with the help of data collection, processing and analysis. Data was taken from State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Energetics and Coal Industry of Ukraine, other sources, and analyzed with the help of tools of statistics and economic analysis. Ukraine, being a developing country and experiencing war, political and economic crisis, struggles for energy security support. The present state of energy availability and consumption in the country influences its sustainable development and political stability, and is a significant restraint in country's survival. Despite the fact that Ukraine has enough resources' deposits to provide itself with energy, it provides less than 50% of own demands and is dependent on Russia's resources. Production of energy in Ukraine is decreasing, but energy consumption remains high. Ukrainian industries are energy-wasteful and energy-inefficient; the country has the leading positions in energy intensity of GDP. The article shows the relation of energy sources and energy security of Ukraine to sustainable development, reveals the dependency of the Ukrainian energy security, and indicates its main threats and ways out.
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Tarazona, Ariel M., Maria C. Ceballos i Donald M. Broom. "Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology". Animals 10, nr 1 (24.12.2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010043.
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Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness.
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Orlova, L. N., i V. V. Kuznetsov. "Concerning Sustainable Development of Economic Systems". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, nr 6 (18.12.2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-6-16-23.
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The current technological development provides a foundation for fast growth of well-being in industrialized countries and at the same time causes global economic misbalance. Growing production and consumption lead to wasteful use of resources and increasing contamination of air, water and soil. In order to meet basic needs we cause damage to the environment. The article investigates the issues of strategic survival of society in conditions of natural resources deficit. The concept of sustainable development adopted and accepted in the whole world is, unfortunately just a concept in many spheres and it requires development and introduction of economic mechanisms of rational use of resources of all types. The continuously increasing speed of changes has become a principle factor of economic growth. But the economic approach is a pivot of the concept of sustainable development. The authors proved that only observance of balance between economic, social and ecological interests of business entities and their harmonization at the expense of innovation, which were used in economic, social and ecological life of society, could result in sustainable development of economic systems.
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Ruli A. Siregar, Riki, Hengki Sikumbang, Iriansyah BM Sangadji i Indrianto. "KWh Meter Smart Card Model Token For Electrical Energy Monitoring". MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821803002.
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This research Producer Electric meter Appliance model base on smart card kWh (kilo Watt hour). The card power meter Is use to calculate the prepaid electricity meter using the 20-digit voucher number as a charging medium. Utilizing a smart card, the token number in the prepaid electricity meter can help reduce the error rate when entering the token number, the model destination is created. Hardware design and with apps to detect how much energy is used to store basic data to help view history of usage. Using smart cards and microcontrollers in apps that come from a usage history in the Pulse usage category will help users know their usage in efficient, normal, and wasteful categories. The results of this research is a meter model with credit card for charging pulses, and data processing applications as devices that can be used for various electricity consumption. The information system is used as a model validation with pulse input that provides information about the use of electrical energy and as a determinant to save the time and time required to make optimal energy
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Siegel, R. P. "Minimal Solutions". Mechanical Engineering 140, nr 01 (1.01.2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-jan-3.
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This article discusses aspects of different manufacturing developments where manufacturers are working with researchers to develop ways to make products using less material and energy. Manufacturers looking to make American factories more competitive with foreign-based facilities are finding opportunities through re-engineering long-held wasteful practices. As a part of a multi-pronged approach, Pradeep Rohatgi, professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, is leading an effort at reducing embodied-energy and decreasing emissions (REMADE) to examine manufacturing processes. REMADE aims to develop technology enablers to accomplish such goals as reducing primary feedstock consumption in manufacturing by 30 percent, reducing energy demand of secondary material processing by 30 percent, and achieving a 25 percent improvement in embodied energy efficiency of materials such as metals, polymers, fibers, and electronic waste. According to an expert, with embedded energy as the measuring stick, it is also possible to find manufacturing processes that produce very low life-cycle energy costs using carbon fiber composites or high-strength steels.
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Miller, M. C. "The parasol: an oriental status-symbol in late archaic and classical Athens". Journal of Hellenic Studies 112 (listopad 1992): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632154.
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The parasol, whatever the conditions of use, ultimately functions as a social symbol as it satisfies no utilitarian need. The operative mechanism of that symbol varies from culture to culture but the parasol is polysemous even at its least complicated, when held by the person to be protected without allusion to foreign social systems and in the context of single-sex usage. For example, as an implement of fashionable feminine attire of over a century ago, the parasol signified the maintenance of a standard of beauty that precluded extended activities out of doors and the delicate constitution of the lady thus protected, both with further implications of ‘good breeding’ and economic inutility; and the wasteful employment of items that must be changed with the costume and discarded before unserviceable to suit the dictates of fashion. Both facets—termed ‘conspicuous leisure’ and ‘conspicuous consumption’ by Veblen—conjointly served to advertise the wealth of the individual man on the basis of whose property such extravagance and non-productive practice could be sustained.
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Červek, Jernej. "Sustainability Approaches to Urban Planning: Re-Cycling Urbanism". Igra ustvarjalnosti - Creativy Game 2020, nr 08 (15.11.2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/iu-cg.2019.07.012-019.
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While the growth of global urban centres is primarily attributable to population growth, Slovenian towns are stagnating due to suburbanization. The urban centres have failed to timely adapt to new forms of living, climate change and excessive energy consumption; in consequence they are becoming cramped, unhealthy and wasteful. This has led to criticisms of existing development paradigms and operative lack of responsiveness on the part of sustainable policies. Based on relevant literature on sustainability – urban policies, concepts, and urban forms –, the paper shows that town planning approaches in Slovenia still primarily deal with solving problems of necessary investments, leaving comprehensive urban solutions based on long-term visions on hold. Meanwhile, the global contemporary town planning approaches based on sustainability principles tend towards interventions into existing urban space. One such approach is urban recycling; a form of urban intervention aimed at adaption of the urban environments to contemporary needs on the basis of comprehensive approach which includes collecting and analysing data on the existing situation and integrates observations with practice.
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Asri, Novena Damar, i Purnomo Yusgiantoro. "Investigating a Hampered NRE Utilization in Kaltim’s Energy System: Is there an Energy Policy with a Syndrome of the Energy-abundant Area?" International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, nr 4 (11.04.2021): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.37135.
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Kaltim presumably experiences an energy paradox, where the energy system is unreliable and unsustainable, despite energy-rich. This study presumes that the paradox is caused by the ‘ill-advised energy policy’ shown by ‘energy-area incompatibility’ that is exacerbated by the ‘energy-rich syndrome’ (a mindset of feeling secure due to energy-abundance leading to a wasteful behavior). This study investigates the indication of the syndrome in Kaltim energy policy by first investigating ‘the incompatibility’ and its impacts by examining Kaltim’s geographical characteristics, energy potential, population-distribution, electricity system, and infrastructure. Also, the impacts of retaining the syndrome through cost analyses. This study finds the incompatibility between energy-sources utilization and geographical characteristics, by conducting a descriptive method with data collection and analyses. Kaltim is forest-dominated with scattered-population, suitable with an off-grid system. However, the electricity development is mostly on-grid, fossil-based designed, explaining the difficulties of electrifying the entire Kaltim, although electricity is surplus. While off-grid should be applied to NRE, the massive use of diesel-gen-sets shows wasteful behavior. By conducting a linear-regression method, this study finds that Kaltim’s electricity consumption (indicating the infrastructure sufficiency) is lower than it should be, given its incredible economic performance. The incompatibility causes infrastructure insufficiency. The cost analysis finds that the massively-used fuel oil is the most expensive. The subsidy would be around 0.003%-0.275% of Kaltim GDRP or 17 billion-1.55 trillion IDR. As the new Capital location, NRE is a must for Kaltim. To conclude, NRE utilization is very low, although its potential is huge, and Kaltim’s forested characteristics suit it. NRE only covers 3% of Kaltim’s electricity, while the potential (hydro alone) is more than 6,900MW. The incompatibility causes an unreliable electricity system, although electricity is surplus. Following Kaltim’s geographical characteristics, NRE should be optimized. This study intends to aware the policy-makers of the syndrome, thereby develop a ‘proper energy policy’.
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Rachmat, Cecep Yudhie, I. Nyoman Satya Kumara i I. A. D. Giriantari. "Studi Manajemen Energi di Rumah Sakit Prima Medika Denpasar". Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 18, nr 1 (6.05.2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2019.v18i01.p04.
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Abstract—Prima Medika Hospital is a nationally accredited hospital with the highest category or Plenary in 2016. With the highest patient visit rate of 59,289 people in 2017 and an average occupancy rate of 79.89% is entered into the ideal category with electricity consumption of 2,299,077 kWh / year. Electricity expenses come from 5 equipment groups, namely: lighting equipment group 20.08%, equipment for air arrangement system 56.12%, medical equipment 8.92%, office equipment 5.30% and utilities utilities 9.57%. From the initial energy audit calculation, the Energy Consumption Intensity index is 344.23 kWh / m² / year and this is included in the Intensive Energy category or shows wasteful energy use. Energy conservation efforts will be carried out on all equipment groups, especially to the equipment of the air structuring system which is the biggest energy absorber starting from the assumption of equipment operating hour patterns and then searching for energy-saving potentials starting from the lighting equipment group in the form of lamp replacement with Light type Emitting Diode, from the office equipment group with the control of operating hours of Dispenser equipment and from the group of air structuring equipment with the replacement of standard AC technology into AC inverters, the total potential of electricity energy savings was 613,813.2 kwh / year or 26.70% so if the proposed Energy Saving Opportunity can be implemented then the final value can be reduced to 252.33 kWh / m² / Year or included in the Energy Standard category or already efficient
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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Wawan Kusdiana, Amri Rahmatullah i Bagiyo Herwono. "DESIGN AND DEVELOP AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR SAVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THE STTAL OFFICE ROOM". JOURNAL ASRO 10, nr 3 (31.10.2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v10i3.174.
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The use of electricity in offices has been considered too wasteful. This is caused by human negligence in controlling their use. For this reason, this research was carried out as an effort to find the right method to reduce the high electricity consumption in offices. This research was conducted in the STTAL classroom, Bumimoro, Surabaya. From the results of the calculation, the total heat load in the classroom is 32,048.3 BTU or ± 4 PK. Total installed AC capacity is only 2 PK. This automation tool is a system that works automatically to regulate the use of electrical equipment based on parameters that have been determined in a program such as the presence or absence of humans, the level of light intensity and room temperature. Data collection is carried out for 6 days in the classroom, 3 days without tools and 3 days using the automation tool. Furthermore, the data is compared to the graph and the savings are calculated. The result, on day 1 is 56.11%, days 2 and 3 are 10.26% and the average savings for the 6-day trial is 33.43%. All data is recorded automatically on a micro sdcard and information about the amount of electricity consumption and the ON / OFF feature of electrical equipment can also be accessed via a smartphone with a wifi network so that users will find it easier to monitor the use of electrical equipment in the classroom.Keywords: electricity waste, heat load, automation system, electricity monitoring, electricity savings.
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Phillips, Clive J. C. "Are There Lessons from India about the Management of Cattle? A Review of ‘Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics’ by Kenneth R. Valpey". Animals 11, nr 8 (22.07.2021): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082175.
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Cows are divine beings in Indian culture, a philosophy that is an important part of the Hindu faith. Although shared with other non-human animals, the focus on cows is well established in historical literature and is currently growing with a pattern of cow vigilantism in the country to try to enforce ethical standards in cattle keeping systems. The Indian attitudes to cows are considered in a new book by Kenneth Valpey, ‘Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics’. The content is highly relevant today, at a time when cattle farming is the subject of widespread concern in the West as a result of their contribution to environmental pollution; wasteful use of resources; and ethically questionable practices, such as male calf slaughter, reproduction control, and poor cow welfare. The contrast with systems predominating in the West, where cattle are essentially commodities from which products are obtained, is considered in this review of Valpey’s book. The development of a cow care culture, in which only cow milk surplus to her calf’s requirements is used for human consumption and cows are allowed to live out their natural life, is advocated. Whilst such a philosophy could usefully improve cattle care on a broad scale, the logical conclusion of extending human style citizenship to cows is that either human consumption of cattle products must reduce or more resources must be devoted to cows at the expense of other animals, including humans. There is evidence of the former, with a substitution of chicken meat for beef on a broad scale, and the prospect of laboratory-grown meat in the near future. In a small number of countries, meat consumption is already declining. These changes, coupled with a greater attention to cattle welfare practices, could herald a more ethical commensal relationship between cattle and humans in the future.
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Das, N., SK Bose i D. Biswas. "Effect of magnesium-salts on hydrogen peroxide bleaching of non-wood pulps". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 51, nr 4 (10.12.2016): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v51i4.30449.
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Transition metal ions present in pulp, cause wasteful decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a pulp brightener, and thus significantly affect the delignification selectivity of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. The metal ions also affect the brightness and optical properties of pulp. The free radicals generated during the decomposition degrade carbohydrates resulting in lower viscosity and yield. It is reported in the literature that magnesium sulfate successfully adsorbs transition metal ions and thus decrease their activity. This study dealt with the effect of Mg salts in hydrogen peroxide bleaching of jute caddies pulp. It was observed that prior bleaching treatments like chelation and acid washing of pulp were efficient in removing transition metal ions as indicated by lower consumption of hydrogen peroxide. However EDTA chelation seemed better compared to acid washing. The inclusion of Mg salts improved pulp brightness. The pulp viscosity was the highest with 0.3% Mg addition for both treated kraft and soda-AQ pulps. Considering both pulp viscosity and pulp brightness, it appeared that a 0.3% Mg dose on EDTA chelated pulp, was enough in hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulps obtained from jute caddies. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(4), 291-296, 2016
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حاش, عبد الرّزاق عبد الله. "مقومات التّنمية الاقتصاديّة والمحافظة عليها في الهدي الرّبانيّ". الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 16, nr 62 (1.10.2010): 70–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v16i62.993.
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تتناولُ هذه الدراسةُ بمنهج تحليلي مقومات التنمية الاقتصادية الواردةَ في الهدي الربانيّ، وذلك من خلال محورين: يتعرَّضُ المحورُ الأول للمُقوِّمات الذّاتية اللازمة للتنمية، مثل: الاعتماد على الذّات والاستغناء عمّا في أيدي الآخرين في عملية الإنتاج على المستوى الفرديّ، والمحافظة على الوحدة والتّعاون على المستوى القوميّ. ويتناولُ المحورُ الثاني المقوِّمات القيميّة والسلوكيّة للتنمية الاقتصاديّة، مثل: "المحافظة على القيم الروحيّة"، و"حسن الإنفاق والاستهلاك"، و"النـزاهة في التعاملات الماليّة"، و"المداومة على العمل"، و"الابتعاد عن الترف والإسراف". ويتوصَّلُ البحثُ إلى أنّ التنمية الاقتصادية في المنظور الإسلامي جزء من التغير الحضاري يتناول أبنية المجتمع كافة، المادية والمعنوية، من خلال اعتمادها على الإنسان غاية ووسيلة.
This study uses an analytical approach to present principles of economic growth derived from the guidance of Revelation: Quran and Sunnah. The Study is divided into two themes. The first one deals with principles related to personal and self sufficient means of economic production at the individual and national levels. The second theme deals with principles related to values that govern behaviors necessary for economic growth; such as preserving spiritual values, balancing income and consumption, integrity of financial transactions, avoiding excessive and wasteful expenditure.
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Aldous, Christopher. "“The Anatomy of Allied Occupation: Contesting the Resumption of Japanese Antarctic Whaling, 1945–1952”". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 26, nr 4 (9.12.2019): 338–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02604002.
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This article scrutinizes the controversy surrounding the resumption of Japanese Antarctic whaling from 1946, focusing on the negotiations and concessions that underline the nature of the Allied Occupation as an international undertaking. Britain, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand objected to Japanese pelagic whaling, chiefly on the grounds of its past record of wasteful and inefficient operations. Their opposition forced the Natural Resources Section of General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, to increase the number of Allied inspectors on board the two Japanese whaling factories from one to two, and to respond carefully to the criticisms they made of the conduct of Japanese whaling. U.S. sensitivity to international censure caused the Occupation to encourage the factory vessels to prioritize oil yields over meat and blubber for domestic consumption. Moreover, General Douglas MacArthur, the U.S. Occupation commander, summarily rejected a proposal to increase the number of Japanese fleets from two to three in 1947. With its preponderance of power, the United States successfully promoted Japanese Antarctic whaling, but a tendency to focus only on outcomes obscures the lengthy and difficult processes that enabled Japanese whaling expeditions to take place on an annual basis from late 1946.
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Munkhsuld, Enkhuur, Altansukh Ochir, Steven Koop, Kees van Leeuwen i Taivanbat Batbold. "Application of the City Blueprint Approach in Landlocked Asian Countries: A Case Study of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia". Water 12, nr 1 (10.01.2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010199.
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Urbanization is a major global development. At present, more than half of the world population lives in urban areas, i.e., cities. One of the fundamental requirements of citizens is safe and sufficient drinking water. The premises for water security are adequate water management and governance. In this study, we determine priorities for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and assess the governance capacities of different organizations to address IWRM in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of the landlocked Asian country Mongolia. We apply the City Blueprint Approach (CBA), a diagnosis tool, to assess IWRM in Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. The overall score, the Blue City Index (BCI), is 2.3 points for Ulaanbaatar, which categorizes the city as wasteful. Flood risk and economic pressure have a great impact on the water sector in Ulaanbaatar city. In particular, Ulaanbaatar’s waste water treatment (WWT) can be improved. Often, only primary and a small portion of secondary WWT is applied, leading to large-scale pollution. Water consumption and infrastructure leakages are high due to the lack of environmental awareness and infrastructure maintenance. Operation cost recovery is not sufficient to sustain urban water services in Ulaanbaatar. Water governance and more specifically monitoring, evaluation and statutory compliance are among the factors that need to be addressed.
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Astratova, Galina V., Tatyana K. Rutkauskas, Konstantin V. Rutkauskas i Vladimir V. Klimuk. "Creating an environmentally safe and reliable heat supply system through the introduction of energy-saving technologies in housing and common utilities services". E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126504020.
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The rational use of natural resources and the creation of an environmentally safety is a priority goal for all mankind. The increasing pollution of the atmospheric air by the combustion products of various types of fuel actualizes the problem of improving the environmental safety and efficiency of heat supply systems (HSS). Heating is the most energy intensive and wasteful sector of the national economy, because the turnover is comparable to 2.1% of GDP and an average of 50% in payment of citizens for housing and communal utility services (HCUS). However, HSS today is in a critical state at all stages of production, distribution and consumption of heat, which is especially typical for HCUS enterprises in Russia. Accordingly, the population is not satisfied with the quality and price of HCUS services. The purpose of the study was to develop a mechanism for creating an environmentally safe and reliable HSS by introducing energy-saving technologies that can improve the quality and reduce the price of HCUS services. The data analysis of the online survey of Russians in social networks in 2018-2019 is carried out. The average level of the population satisfaction with the quality of the provided services of HSS is determined.
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Sharma, Neeta, i Prem Vrat. "Impact of various factors on stock-induced food waste in Indian weddings". Journal of Advances in Management Research 15, nr 1 (5.02.2018): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-09-2017-0087.
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Purpose Weddings in India have become more extravagant in recent years. The ostentation goes well with the food also. Hundreds of varieties and great stock of food served making it a wasteful affair which would lead to the unsustainable demand for the natural resources. The purpose of this paper is to link the stock-induced consumption phenomenon with food waste generation in Indian weddings. Design/methodology/approach This study begins with the identification of the factors which would be responsible to make the food consumption stock-induced. A system dynamics (SD) model is developed using SD software STELLA (version 10.0) to assess the amount of stock-induced food waste. The impact of the factors on this waste is analyzed and estimation is made about the financial implications of this waste. Different scenarios have been analyzed to arrive at a most desirable scenario in the Indian context. Finally, the paper provides the recommendations for managerial implications to prevent the potential disastrous consequences of this waste. Findings A rigorous simulation analysis was conducted for different food-serving scenarios. The outcome of SD analysis shows that an enormous amount of food is wasted in the form of stock-induced consumption and dustbin waste. Impact analysis of factors on waste generation reveals that food wastage in marriages is entirely a behavioral phenomenon and can be controlled by exercising self and enforced behavioral control measures. Waste cost estimation gives an insight about the severity of the topic for policy making. Social implications The study has a very high social relevance and facilitates decision makers to take required actions to mitigate the stock-induced food waste in marriages. The study conducted will encourage the researchers to use SD in analyzing complex systems for quantitative estimations. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the food waste in Indian weddings in relation with the huge stock served using SD. The study provides valuable insights in the direction to make the country food secure.
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Mendoza, Roger Lee. "Which moral hazard? Health care reform under the Affordable Care Act of 2010". Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, nr 4 (20.06.2016): 510–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-03-2015-0054.
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Purpose – Moral hazard is a concept that is central to risk and insurance management. It refers to change in economic behavior when individuals are protected or insured against certain risks and losses whose costs are borne by another party. It asserts that the presence of an insurance contract increases the probability of a claim and the size of a claim. Through the US Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, this study seeks to examine the validity and relevance of moral hazard in health care reform and determine how welfare losses or inefficiencies could be mitigated. Design/methodology/approach – This study is divided into three sections. The first contrasts conventional moral hazard from an emerging or alternative theory. The second analyzes moral hazard in terms of the evolution, organization, management, and marketing of health insurance in the USA. The third explains why and how salient reform measures under the ACA might induce health care consumption and production in ways that could either promote or restrict personal health and safety as well as social welfare maximization. Findings – Insurance generally induces health care (over) consumption. However, not every additional consumption, with or without adverse selection, can be considered wasteful or risky, even if it might cost insurers more in the short run. Moral hazard can generate welfare and equity gains. These gains might vary depending on which ACA provisions, insured population, covered illnesses, treatments, and services, as well as health outcomes are taken into account, and because of the relative ambiguities surrounding definitions of “health.” Actuarial risk models can nonetheless benefit from incorporating welfare and equity gains into their basic assumptions and estimations. Originality/value – This is the first study which examines the ACA in the context of the new or alternative theory of moral hazard. It suggests that containing inefficient moral hazard, and encouraging its desirable counterpart, are prime challenges in any health care reform initiative, especially as it adapts to the changing demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the insured population and regulatory landscape of health insurance in the USA.