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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Bhuiyan, Md Arifur Rahman, Tazeen Fatima Khan, Shahjahan Choudhury i SM Imamul Huq. "Cadmium and lead tolerant bacteria isolated from industrial waste water". Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, nr 1 (20.01.2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i1.46347.
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An in vitro study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize heavy metal resistant bacteria from industrial waste water and to determine their tolerance capacity to cadmium and lead. Different morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the bacterial isolates in the waste water. A total of eight bacterial isolates viz., Staphyllococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas flavescens and Acinetobacter lwofii were identified from metal polluted tannery and steel industrial areas. Bacterial response to cadmium tolerance was determined by treating them with CdCl2 solution at a rate of 1, 2, 2.5 and 5 μg/ml. In case of lead tolerant bacteria, PbCl2 solution was applied at a rate of 0.05, 0.125, 0.2 and 0.5 μg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of steel industries and Bacillus cereus from tannery area was found to be the most tolerant species to the different doses of cadmium and lead. The study indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus could be good candidates for the treatment and elimination of heavy metals from industrial waste water. The present study may be helpful to the bioremediation of heavy metals in the contaminated environment.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 29-38, 2017 (January)
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Singh, J. K., R. Ranjan i Pranay Pankaj. "Isolation and Screening of Water Microbes for Decolourisation of Textile Dye Waste". Current World Environment 11, nr 1 (25.04.2016): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.1.36.
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Azo dyes are widely used in textile industry. Unused dyes, consisting mainly non biodegradable released along with waste water streams without any proper pre-treatment which cause nuisance for environment and accumulate in flora as well as fauna. These also exhibit allergic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties for human beings. Isolation and screening of azo dye degrading bacteria are economic in biodegradation and detoxification. In the present study, 200 waste water samples were collected from dye-contaminated sites of textile industries and bacterial species such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psuedomonas putida were isolated and identified. Evaluation of decolorizing properties of these bacteriae were done by UV-Vis spectroscopy (Amax 596 nm) in different concentrations using different carbon sources such as Hans’s medium and GYP medium. Maximum decolourisation of 0.1% azo dyes were recorded to be 89.0%, 91% and 86% in Hans medium containing charcoal source by Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psuedomonas putida respectively at 24 hrs. These bacterial isolates may be utilized in large scale for pre-treatment for ecological balance by avoiding water pollution.
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Nirmala, A. "On the Phytotoxicity of Waste-Water from Textile Industry on Selected Crop Seed Germination and its Treatment Using Bacteria with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles". Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, nr 4 (25.12.2021): 1564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.30.
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Industrialization plays a major role for the economic development of any nation. In spite of various positive aspects of industrialization, the foremost negative aspect is pollution by discharge of more waste water in to the environment. So, the aim of the present work is to analyse the phytotoxic effect of textile industry waste water on seed germination and treating the waste water using Bacterial Species and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle. Physico-chemical parameters of dying industry waste water such as color, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, COD, BOD, oil and greases, chloride, sodium, potassium, chromium, copper, total alkalinity and zinc were analysed as per standard methods. To confirm the harmfulness, an investigation was made to study the degree of toxicity of dyeing industry effluent on seed germination and growth of Sorghum bicolor (white sorghum) Vigna unguiculata (cow pea) were selected for this study and it was placed in soil containing pots and watering with untreated industry waste water and treated waste water. The waste water was treated by two methods, one by bacterial degradation, using Pseudomonas fluroscence and the secondly, by chemical oxidation, using zinc oxide nanoparticles. After treatment their efficiency was tested with above two plants. All the above said parameter were found to be high in untreated waste water. There was a gradual decrease in the percentage of seed germination and seedling growth due to higher concentration of effluent, when compared with control. In this comparative study, methyl orange degradation by the chemical oxidation using zinc oxide nanoparticle was more effective and faster than the biological oxidation of bacterial species.
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Pedersen, Anne R., i Erik Arvin. "The function of a toluene-degrading bacterial community in a waste gas trickling filter". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 7 (1.04.1999): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0345.
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The function of a community of toluene-degrading bacteria in a biofilm system was investigated with regard to growth and toluene degradation in order to investigate substrate interactions in the community. This was done by the combination of experimental observations using a specific oligonucleotide 16S ribosomal RNA probe targeting the toluene-degrading species Pseudomonas putida, and by computer simulations (AQUASIM) of the biofilm growth based on a food web model. Biofilms were taken from a lab-scale trickling filter for treatment of toluene-polluted air. The biofilm growth and the activity of P. putida, a representative of the toluene-degrading species in the biofilm which have been described previously were simulated. The simulation indicated that the volume fraction of the toluene degraders in the biofilm decreased from 12% to only 2% (11% of dry weight) during two weeks. In spite of the low fraction in the biofilm, the toluene degraders supported growth of the dominating part of non-toluene-degrading heterotrophs in the biofilm, as toluene was the sole carbon source supplied to the system. The maximum intrinsic growth rate of P. putida in the biofilm was only 20% of the maximum growth rate determined in a batch experiment with suspended P. putida cells.
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Rehmert, N., T. Böcker, H. Raidt, K. Langer i H. Graefe. "A New Central Supply System as Alternative Source for Bicarbonate Dialysate". International Journal of Artificial Organs 15, nr 6 (czerwiec 1992): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889201500604.
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Bicarbonate dialysis is mandatory for high efficiency treatment. In most cases bicarbonate is delivered either as prepacked powder or as a stable liquid concentrate in 6-10 I plastic containers. With a newly designed central supply system (CSS) using 800 I tanks of custom-made sterile and pyrogen free concentrates, we investigated the risk of bacterial contamination of dialysate in a 30-bed dialysis unit. During three months, samples of reverse osmosis (RO) water, concentrates and dialysate were taken every two weeks. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted after 48 h incubation. Further samples were taken during nine months of continuous use of the CSS without further intermittent disinfection. None of the samples had > 10/ml CFU. Pseudomonas, corynebacteriae and enterobacter were the predominant species. In summary, this CSS proved reliable in providing bacteriologically safe bicarbonate dialysate as defined by international standards (CFU < 200/ml). It significantly reduces costs, workload and environmental pollution by plastic waste.
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Gomez-Alvarez, Vicente, Ben W. Humrighouse, Randy P. Revetta i Jorge W. Santo Domingo. "Bacterial composition in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system utilizing different source waters". Journal of Water and Health 13, nr 1 (18.08.2014): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.057.
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We investigated the bacterial composition of water samples from two service areas within a drinking water distribution system (DWDS), each associated with a different primary source of water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) and different treatment process. Community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium spp.) and α-Proteobacteria represented nearly 43 and 38% of the total sequences, respectively. Sequences closely related to Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio spp. were also identified. In spite of the high number of sequences (71%) shared in both areas, multivariable analysis revealed significant differences between the GW and SW areas. While the dominant phylotypes where not significantly contributing in the ordination of samples, the populations associated with the core of phylotypes (1–10% in each sample) significantly contributed to the differences between both service areas. Diversity indices indicate that the microbial community inhabiting the SW area is more diverse and contains more distantly related species coexisting with local assemblages as compared with the GW area. The bacterial community structure of SW and GW service areas were dissimilar, suggesting that their respective source water and/or water quality parameters shaped by the treatment processes may contribute to the differences in community structure observed.
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Verma, Rinku, i K. Haseena. "Antibiotic Producing Fungi in Sewage: Inhibitory Effect on 4 Bacterial Test Strains, and Different Fungal Types". Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 12, nr 1 (25.12.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v12i1.20618.
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Fungi were isolated from raw sewage and sewage that had trickled down soil columns from a waste water treatment plant in Karlsruhe, Germany, using the laboratory techniques.Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb, Penicillium funiculosum, and Trichoderma harzianum Rafai were named as isolates from raw sewage. P. notatum Westling, P. meleagrinum Biourge, Aspergillus flavus, Link ex Gray, A. repens, A. fumigatus Fresenius, and A. fischeri Wehmer were among the fungi found in the effluent of the soil columns that were isolated under absolutely anaerobic conditions. Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw. and Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. were isolated when samples were cultured in anaerobic jars with nitrate. The coloration, smell, and other fungal traits, such as conidial and conidiophore size, etc., were used to identify the organism. The fungi's antibiotic properties against bacteria were investigated. A little amount of the fungal mycelium was plate-plated on new Nutrient agar and Sabouraud agar after isolation. After two days of incubation, bacteria were cross-streaked toward the fungal colonies on the plates. On the plates, six strains of E. coli, Gram-negative Pseudomonas species, and aerobic Gram-positive Enterococci species were streaked in the direction of the fungi. After that, the plates were incubated in an aerobic environment. Similar to this, five anaerobic Gram-positive Bifidobacterium species strains that were isolated from sewage were cross streaked on fungal plates and then further cultured under anaerobic conditions. When compared to A. flavus and A. fumigatus, P. chrysogenum and A. repens were more effective at inhibiting Enterococci. Only P. chrysogenum, A. fumigatus, and A. repens inhibited Pseudomonas sp. A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum var meleagrinum only little inhibited E. coli, but P. chrysogenum and A. flavus very successfully did so.Pre-growing P. chrysogenum, P. notatum, and P. meleagrinum on plates for two days in an aerobic environment was followed by cross-stripping with test strains of Bifidobacterium and incubation under strictly anaerobic conditions. Both P. chrysogenum and P. notatum had the greatest inhibitory effects on bifidobacterium.
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Thandar, Mya, Hla Hla Win, Khin May Oo, Moh Moh Kyi i Myat Su Khine. "Antimicrobial resistance in wastewater of Yangon Region, Myanmar from one health perspective". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, nr 12 (24.11.2021): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214557.
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Background: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern both for public and animal health globally and also threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This study aimed to generate the baseline data of drug resistance pathogens in diversity of waste water of Yangon Region, Myanmar.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to July 2021. A total of forty samples of wastewater (two samples each from ten hospitals, one sample each from five poultry farms, five aquacultures and ten community drains) were aseptically collected, transported in ice box and processed following standard procedure for bacterial isolation and detection of antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated colonies were done by VITEK 2 compact system.Results: A total of 106 bacterial isolates were identified and 50% were from hospitals, 31.1%were from community drains and 9.4% each from poultry farms and aquacultures. The most frequently identified isolates were Enterobacteriaceae (65.1%) followed by Acinetobacter species (11.3%) and Pseudomonas species (8.5%). Among the isolated organisms, ESBL producers and Carbapenemase producer were 7.5% and 0.9% respectively. ESBL producers (62.5%) were resistant to cefuroxime, cefuroxime-axetil, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and minocycline. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae was multidrug resistant but sensitive to amikacin, tigecycline and cefaclor.Conclusions: The proportion of antibiotic resistant bacteria are higher in hospital wastewater than other sites. Hence proper treatment plant for hospital wastewater should be installed and need to mitigate antibiotic resistance with a ‘one-health’ approach.
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Zairinayati, Zairinayati Rina, i Heri Shatriadi. "Biodegradasi Fosfat pada Limbah Laundry menggunakan Bakteri Consorsium Pelarut Fosfat". JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 18, nr 1 (2.04.2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.18.1.57-61.
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Latar Belakang: Limbah laundry yang dihasilkan oleh deterjen mengandung bahan aktif yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan mahluk hidup dan lingkungan. Penelitin bertujuan untuk mengurangi kandungan fosfat pada limbah laundry dengan metode biodegradasi dengan menggunakan bakteri yang tergolong dalam consorsium bakteri spesies Bacillu. sp dan Pseudomonas. sp. Sebelum perlakuan bakteri dilakukan equalisasi dengan pupuk NPK dan air gula selama 1 hari setelah itu bakteri siap digunakan sebagai bahan degradasi fosfat dengan 3 perlakuan. Metode penelitian: ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Sampel air limbah laundry diambil dari 3 tempat usaha jasa laundry yang berada dikawasan Silaberanti Palembang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk tabulasi dan analssis bivariat menggunakan uji Anova untuk melihat perbedaan dari setiap perlakuan.Hasil: menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah kadar fosfat sebelum dilakukan proses biodegradasi yakni 9,8 m/L sebelum dilakukan penambahan baketeri menjadi Rata-rata kadar fosfat pada penambahan bakteri 50 ml adalah 27,13 dengan standar deviasi 2,73. Pada dosis penambahan bakteri 100 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat adalah 23,87 dengan standar deviasi 2,08 dan pada dosis penambahan bakteri 150 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat 22,62 dengan standar deviasi 4,41, dan hasil uji statistic didapat nilai p = 0,306 berarti pada alpha 5%.Simpulan: bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penambahan bakteri dengan berbagai dosis dengan kadar fosfat pada air limbah laundry. ABSTRACT Title: Phosphate Biodegradation in Laundry Waste Using Consorsium Bacteria PhosphateBackground: Laundry waste produced by detergent contains active ingredients that are harmful to the health of living things and environment. Research aims to reduce phosphate content in laundry waste by biodegradation method by using bacteria belonging to the bacterial consortium of Bacillu species. sp and Pseudomonas. sp. Before the treatment of the bacteria was equalized by adding NPK fertilizer and sugar liquid for 1 day and the bacteria were ready to be used as phosphate degradation material with 3 treatments.Methods: of this research is experimental research. Laundry waste water samples were taken from 3 laundry service located in the Silaberanti area of Palembang. Data analysis used univariate by presenting data in the form of tabulations and bivariate analssis using the ANOVA test to see differences in each treatment.Results: showed an increase in number of phosphate levels before the biodegradation process of 9.8 m / L before adding the bakeries to the average phosphate level in the addition of 50 ml bacteria was 27.13 with a standard deviation of 2.73. At the dose of adding 100 ml of bacteria the average phosphate level was 23.87 with a standard deviation of 2.08 and at the dose of addition of 150 ml bacteria the average phosphate level was 22.62 with a standard deviation of 4.41, and the results of statistical tests obtained p values = 0.306 means at alpha 5%Conclusion: : is that there is no difference in the addition of bacteria with various doses with phosphate levels in laundry wastewater.
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Jongman, Mosimanegape, i Lise Korsten. "Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use". Journal of Water and Health 14, nr 6 (11.07.2016): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.058.
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The study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) for crop irrigation and domestic use. In total, 80 rainwater tanks (246 samples) across three rural villages (Ga-Molepane, Jericho and Luthngele) were visited. Culture-based techniques were used to isolate bacterial microbes and identities were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF-MS). Uncultured fungal populations were also identified using pyrosequencing. Salmonella spp. (3%), Listeria monocytogenes (22%), total coliforms (57.7%), Escherichia coli (30.5%), Enterococcus spp. (48.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (21.5%) were detected in RHRW samples after rainfall. Fungal sequences belonging to species known to cause fever, coughing and shortness of breath in humans (Cryptococcus spp.) were identified. This study indicates that RHRW quality can be affected by external factors such as faecal material and debris on rooftops. The use of untreated RHRW could pose a potential health risk if used for irrigation of crops or domestic use, especially in the case of a relative high population of immunocompromised individuals. This study does not dispute the fact that RHRW is an alternative irrigation water source but it recommends treatment before use for domestic purposes or for watering crops.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Emmett, Robyn Angela. "Glycerol production by Dunaliella species in saline waste water treatment". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004079.
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In recent years, much research has focused on Algal High Rate Oxidation Ponds as both an economic means for wastewater treatment and as a system for the mass production of algae. With the advent of these systems for the treatment of saline organic effluents, the extreme halophile, Dunaliella salina was considered. In this study, the growth and productivity of a number of Dunaliella species (and strains thereof) was evaluated in hide soak liquor tannery effluent. Hide soak liquor, diluted to 20% with water, proved to be highly suitable as a growth medium for the majority of the Dunaliella species under study and in some instances, resulted in enhanced growth rates and higher biomass yields compared to those obtained in defined inorganic medium. A few Dunaliella species failed to grow in this effluent. A correlation was observed between the lack of growth displayed by these species in this organio-rich medium and their failure to utilise organic compounds. Glycine, a major component of this effluent, possibly stimulates the growth of Dunaliella. Studies on the mechanism of growth stimulation by glycine revealed that an algal-bacterial relationship existed whereby the bacteria mineralised the amino acid, releasing ammonia which was then utilised by the alga. Results of this work revealed significant variations in the intracellular glycerol content amongst the Dunaliella species under study. Large differences were also observed between the glycerol contents of effluent-grown and control Dunaliella cells, where the effluent-grown cells were characterised by greatly reduced intracellular glycerol content. These reduced glycerol levels are assumed to have arisen from the glycine-induced stimulation of glycerol release which was observed in this study, where the high glycine content of the hide soak liquor is proposed to have induced glycerol release. This enhanced glycerol release in tatmery effluent could play a central role in the fimction of Dunaliella-based High Rate Oxidation Ponding systems, by stimulating bacterial activity. Observed glycerol productivities were therefore proposed to be a fimction of the type and concentration of the organic constituents of the medium. A similar medium-induced phenomenon was observed in the starch content of Dunaliella cells.
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Jia, Yong Feng. "Adsorption of heavy metal ion species from aqueous solution in activated carbon". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/519.
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Activated carbons are used widely for the adsorption of environmentally unfriendly species from both liquid and gas phases, the separation of gases and adsorption of species from aqueous solution. Examples of the processes are the adsorption of Au(CN)2 and Ag(CN)2 from aqueous solution for the recovery of precious metals, the treatment of waste water containing organic chemicals and toxic metal species and the preparation of metal catalysts supported on carbon. This investigation has involved the study of the influence of porous structure and surface functional groups on the adsorption of both anionic and cationic metal species in order to understand the mechanism of adsorption of these species on active carbon from aqueous solution. Various types of oxygen functional groups were introduced onto the surface of coconut shell derived activated carbon through oxidation using nitric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and selective neutralisation were used to characterise the surface oxygen functional groups. The oxidised carbons were also heat treated to provide a suite of carbons where the oxygen functional groups of various thermal stability were varied progressively. It was found that acidic oxygen functional groups mainly as carboxylic acid groups were incorporated into activated carbon by HNO3 oxidation. The phenol and quinone groups were also introduced by the oxidation process while the lactone groups were formed during heat treatment. The oxygen functional groups had a range of thermal stabilities with carboxylic acid groups being the least stable. A coconut shell derived active carbon was treated with ammonia and nitric acid followed by ammonia to incorporate nitrogen functional groups into the carbon. Active carbon with high nitrogen content was also prepared from nitrogen-rich precursor polyacrylonitrile (PAN). X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and FTIR were used to investigate the structures of the nitrogen functional groups in carbons. The possible nitrogen functional groups present on carbon surface were pyridinic, pyrrolic (or indolic), pyridonic and aromatic amine-like structures. The adsorption characteristics of gold and silver cyanide anionic species on a suite of active carbons derived from coconut shell, polyacrylonitrile and chemical modification of the coconut shell carbon were investigated. The gold and silver cyanide adsorption capacities for coconut shell derived carbons correlate with total pore volume. Nitric acid oxidation treatment of the carbon was detrimental to gold adsorption in spite of the incorporation of oxygen content of carbon. The influence of nitrogen functional groups in the carbon structure on gold and silver adsorption was investigated using carbons derived from polyacrylonitrile. The addition of ethanol and butanol to the solution had an adverse effect on gold adsorption. Adsorption of silver cyanide ionic species on the active carbon was suppressed in the presence of excess free cyanide ions in solution whereas gold cyanide adsorption was not greatly affected at room temperature. The adsorption of gold cyanide was suppressed by the excess free cyanide and sodium sulphide at 70 °C. The adsorption of cadmium ions was enhanced dramatically by oxidation of the carbon. The ratio of released proton to adsorbed cadmium on oxidised carbon was approximately 2 indicating cation exchange was involved in the adsorption process. Na+ exchange studies with the oxidised carbon gave a similar ratio. After heat treatment of the oxidised carbons to remove oxygen functional groups, the ratio of H+/Cd2+ decreased significantly as well as the adsorption capacity. Both reversible and irreversible adsorption were involved in the process of cadmium adsorption with reversible adsorption having higher enthalpy. The irreversible adsorption resulted from cation exchange with carboxylic acid groups whereas the reversible adsorption probably involved physisorption of the partially hydrated cadmium ion. The nitrogen functional groups may act as ligands which can coordinate with transition metal cations. The adsorption of transition metal cations such as Cd 2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ on active carbon was appreciably increased by the nitrogen functional groups present on carbon surface whereas ammonia treatment of the carbon showed little effect on the adsorption of alkali earth metal cation Cat+. There is little difference in the adsorption capacities of cadmium ions on coconut shell derived carbon at pH 4.1 and pH 7 whereas the adsorption of cadmium ions was significantly enhanced with increasing pH for the carbons with high nitrogen content. The nitrogen rich carbons show selectivity towards various transition metal cations reflected by adsorbing more Cu 2+ than Cd2+. This is consistent with the fact that the coordination compound of Cu 2+ with pyridine has higher stability constant than that of cadmium.
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Vimalnath, S. "Bioremediation of Lead from Aqueous Solutions using Pseudomonas Species - Mechanisms & Biosensor Applications". Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4118.
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Industrialization, urbanization and technological developments have improved the standard of living for humans on the one hand, but they also have resulted in the generation of wastes containing toxic heavy metals that are detrimental to the ecosystem on the other hand. Therefore, the treatment of waste water containing toxic heavy metals before discharging into the environment has become imperative. Though, the conventional waste water treatment methods like adsorption, electrochemical process, ion-exchange, precipitation, solvent extraction, etc. have served the purpose of removing toxic heavy metals, they have certain limitations such as formation of secondary sludge, inefficiency in removing lower metal concentration, high cost, to name a few. Thus, it becomes of interest to explore alternative cost effective methods capable of removing lower concentrations of heavy metals from waste water.
The method of bioremediation which uses microorganisms for toxic heavy metal removal has gained significance. Various combinations of microorganisms and heavy metals have been researched to assess the abilities of the selected microorganisms in removing the considered metals. Majority of the research studies have focused on the biosorption of metals by the whole cells. However, there is a paucity of research on the role played by the individual cell wall components in metal removal. In addition to remediation, the detection of heavy metals in waste waters is also of equal importance.
In the present research study, the significance of bacteria of Pseudomonas species namely P. putida, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens for lead remediation have been assessed. Further, detailed studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of lead removal through the assessment of the roles played by the individual cell wall components. The lead removal capacities of the individual EPS components purified from the Pseudomonas sp. have been determined. Various strategies have been adopted to enhance the lead removal capacities of the three Pseudomonas sp. by thermolysis. For the biosorption studies, the parameters namely pH, time of contact, biomass loading and lead concentration have been optimized to obtain the maximum lead binding. Apart from lead removal, biologically modified carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) have been developed using the Pseudomonas sp. cells and their EPS components.
The major objectives of this research work are enumerated as follows:
1. Study of the bioremediation of lead from aqueous solutions using cells of P. putida, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens.
2. Understanding the role of bacterial cell wall and its components in lead uptake.
3. Effect of thermolysis of the chosen bacterial cells on lead uptake
4. Determination of the lead uptake capacity of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the selected Pseudomonas sp. namely, proteins, polysaccharides, biosurfactants and DNA.
5. Enrichment of lead binding proteins from total bacterial protein and examination of the lead binding capacity of the purified protein.
6. Comparison of the protein profiles of the three Pseudomonas sp. in the absence and presence of lead.
7. Detection of Pb (II) ions in aqueous solutions using carbon paste electrodes modified with Pseudomonas sp. cells and their EPS components using an electro-analytical technique.
The key findings of the research work are summarized below:
The fully grown cells of Pseudomonas sp. harvested from the nutrient medium have been used for the experiments. The lead biosorption studies using the Pseudomonas sp. show substantial lead biosorption by all the three bacteria chosen namely, P. putida, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens in independent studies. The three Pseudomonas sp. however show a variation in their lead removal capacities. The highest lead removal is obtained when P. putida is used as the biosorbent. The characterization studies using FTIR, EDAX and zeta potential have been carried out for the Pseudomonas sp. cells before and after interaction with lead. The EDAX studies confirm the presence of lead ions on the Pseudomonas sp. surface. Electro-kinetic studies indicate that the negatively charged bacterial surface, become less electronegative after interaction with lead. The carboxyl and phosphate groups are found to play major role in lead binding by P. putida and P. fluorescens. In addition to the carboxyl and phosphate groups, amide group also play role in lead binding on the P. aeruginosa cell. The lead biosorption using all the three Pseudomonas sp. adhere to the Langmuirian isotherm model and follow the pseudo second order kinetics. The lead removal by the Pseudomonas sp. is further improved after thermolysis presumably due to the exposure of more lead binding sites. After thermolysis, the lead uptake is found to increase by about 27 % in the case of P. putida, about 18 % in the case of P. aeruginosa and about 26 % in the case of P. fluorescens.
Taking into consideration that the intact and thermolysed Pseudomonas sp. are effective in removing lead, further studies have been carried out to understand which of the individual cell wall components namely DNA, protein, polysaccharide or lipid play a role in lead uptake. The biosorption studies carried out after digesting the cell wall components one at a time using specific enzymes have shown that the lead uptake differs for each component, both in the case of the intact and the thermolysed cells. Though all of the major cell wall components are found to be responsible for lead removal, a greater reduction in lead removal is observed, when the polysaccharide component of Pseudomonas sp. is digested and used as a biosorbent.
When the individual cell wall components namely DNA, protein, polysaccharide and biosurfactant are studied for their lead binding capacities in their purified forms, the purified protein from all the three Pseudomonas sp. are found to remove a higher percentage of lead, compared to the other purified components. In the case of DNA, the lead biosorption has been studied using both ssDNA and dsDNA. Amongst the two forms of DNA, ssDNA shows a better lead uptake vis-a-vis dsDNA. This is possibly due to the exposure of more lead binding sites in the case of ssDNA which are otherwise masked in the double helical structure of dsDNA. Further, the hydrophilic part of the DNA is found to play a major role in lead binding compared to the hydrophobic part.
Recognizing that the purified total protein is found to be capable of removing more lead compared to the other components, an affinity column chromatography technique has been used to enrich the lead binding protein from the total proteins. The SDS-PAGE documentation of the total and enriched proteins has confirmed the enrichment of specific proteins. The enriched protein fractions exhibit 65 to 95 % of the lead binding capacities of their corresponding total proteins in all the three species of Pseudomonas studied. The SDS-PAGE analysis of protein profile in the absence and presence of lead have shown significant differences consequent to lead binding.
Extensive lead detection studies carried out using carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with the Pseudomonas sp. cells and their purified EPS components have highlighted the potential of the biomass modified CPEs for lead detection. The lowest limit of detection (LLOD) for lead has been estimated for each of the modified CPEs studied. The estimated LLODs show that amongst the many biomass modified CPEs studied, the CPE modified using whole cells indicate a better detection of lead compared to the individual purified EPS components. Amongst the CPEs modified using whole cells, the one modified by blending the lyophilized cells with carbon paste is capable of detecting lower concentrations of lead than the one modified with drop coated cells.
Książki na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.
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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.
Części książek na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Phanthuwongpakdee, Jakkapon, Sandhya Babel i Tatsuo Kaneko. "Natural Adsorbents for Removal of Different Iodine Species from Aqueous Environment: A Review". W Recent Trends in Waste Water Treatment and Water Resource Management, 171–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0706-9_17.
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Carlos, Luciano, i Daniel O. Mártire. "Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species by SBO and Application in Waste-Water Treatment". W SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14744-4_2.
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Kacprzak, Małgorzata, Magdalena Warchoł i Urszula Widawska. "Microfungal Species Composition in Raw and Treated Waste Water from Selected Wastewater Treatment Plants". W Environmental Engineering Studies, 167–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8949-9_17.
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Cook, Cayla, i Veera Gnaneswar Gude. "Characteristics of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Water and Wastewater Treatment". W Waste Management, 306–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch014.
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Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer originating from several microbial species as well as crustacean species, such as shrimp and lobster. Chitosan has excellent physical and chemical properties that allow its use in various environmental applications especially in water treatment. It is a biodegradable polymer, and it is inexpensive providing an environmentally friendly and economic option for water and wastewater treatment. Chitosan offers a myriad of applications through chemical coagulation and flocculation, antimicrobial properties, adsorption capabilities, and nanofiltration and can provide a sustainable route for water and wastewater treatment. This book chapter elaborates the recent developments in chitosan applications in water and wastewater treatment.
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Sharma, Gargi, i Pravin Kumar Mutiyar. "Human Overpopulation and Water Pollution". W Waste Management, 1587–601. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch073.
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The increased human population is threatening the natural water resources by reducing flows and deteriorating quality. High levels contamination of fecal microbes in Indian water resources is one of the worst impact on natural environment. The incomplete sewage treatment in existing STPs is the root cause it, along with disposal of untreated sewage. Fecal microbes even after the secondary treatment demands the further reduction, hence, an alternative method of vertical flow constructed wetland was adopted to examine the efficiency of the system. The study was aimed to primarily to suggest the suitability and comparative performance of wetland species, P. australis and C. indica. Study revealed the importance of fibrous rooting system of C. indica which helps to enhance aerobicity within the system and cause the reduced number of microbes. The additive enhancement of physical mechanism as well as competition among microflora within the wetland system and excretions from roots of C. indica plant might have been the reason of the significant highest removal of microbial indicators.
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Shrivas, Kamlesh, Archana Ghosale i Pathik Maji. "Advanced Nanomaterials for the Removal of Chemical Substances and Microbes From Contaminated and Waste Water". W Waste Management, 475–502. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch024.
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The development of cost-effective, efficient and stable materials helps to provide the affordable solutions to get safe and fresh water to increasing population with health guidelines of emerging contaminants. Nanomaterials (NMs)-based techniques involve the design, synthesis, manipulation, characterization and exploitation of materials for adsorption and separation of target species from the contaminated and waste water. NMs show better adsorption capacity and catalytic for number chemical species and microbes because of their small size and large surface area that favors the purification and treatment of waste or contaminated environmental water. Here, we present the chemical properties, adsorption/removal mechanism and applications of advanced NMs such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), titanium oxide (TiO2), silica (SiO2), silver (Ag), gold (Au) NPs and zeolites in effective and efficient removal of toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic chemical substances and disease-causing microbes from contaminated and wastewater.
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Bhattacharjee, Chandani. "Solid Waste Disposal on Inland Water Wetlands". W Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 171–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9498-8.ch010.
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Generation of solid waste precedes the surge of urbanization. The earliest waste dumping is recorded in Greece as early as 500 BCE, the conservancy workers in France, wastewater treatment in London, and aqueduct systems in oriental civilizations. The magnitude of waste has been compounding annually with the rise of global population, urbanization, and economic growth. Waste has been overtly and irresponsibly dumped in inland water bodies and the wetlands around it causing inherent damage to the fluvial, pond, or riverine ecosystems. The United Nations has declared this decade to be for ecosystem restoration, and hence, this chapter intends to ponder and establish the concerns of health, species modification, ecosystem endangering, pollution of the surface and subsurface water, impact on the vegetation along the water stretches, to name a few. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the impact on the ecospheres while arriving at sustainable restoration options.
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Patra, Biswajit, Saroj Kumar Deep i Surya Narayan Pradhan. "Different Bioremediation Techniques for Management of Waste Water". W Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants, 1–18. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch001.
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Water contamination remains an issue. A combination of biodegradation and nanotechnology is proposed as a potential proficient, minimal effort, and naturally amiable system to deal with it. Among different mediations, bioremediation procedures can conceivably be utilized to decrease the versatility of materials in the subsurface, reducing the potential for human and ecological exposure. The metabolic diversity of microorganisms ensures an assortment of substrates to be expended. Photosynthetic microorganisms have been found as a compelling and eco-friendly species that can remove carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous in the manufactured sewage and wastewater. This chapter particularly emphasizes environmentally friendly NMs that give information for removing contaminants from wastewater and effluents. Additionally, various nanocomposites and different natural methods utilized in the wastewater treatment process are also briefly discussed.
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Patra, Biswajit, Saroj Kumar Deep i Surya Narayan Pradhan. "Different Bioremediation Techniques for Management of Waste Water". W Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 357–74. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3714-8.ch018.
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Water contamination remains an issue. A combination of biodegradation and nanotechnology is proposed as a potential proficient, minimal effort, and naturally amiable system to deal with it. Among different mediations, bioremediation procedures can conceivably be utilized to decrease the versatility of materials in the subsurface, reducing the potential for human and ecological exposure. The metabolic diversity of microorganisms ensures an assortment of substrates to be expended. Photosynthetic microorganisms have been found as a compelling and eco-friendly species that can remove carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous in the manufactured sewage and wastewater. This chapter particularly emphasizes environmentally friendly NMs that give information for removing contaminants from wastewater and effluents. Additionally, various nanocomposites and different natural methods utilized in the wastewater treatment process are also briefly discussed.
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Kumar, Ashok, Utkarsh Dixit, Kaman Singh, Satya Prakash Gupta i Mirza S. Jamal Beg. "Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments". W Dyes and Pigments - Novel Applications and Waste Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97104.
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Colour is one of the elements of nature that makes human life more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. Plants, animals, and minerals have been used as primary sources for colourants, dyes or pigments since ancient times. In our daily life, we know about many substances which have specific colours. These are the substances which are used as colourants i.e.; colour imparting species. Both dyes and pigments are coloured as they absorb only some wavelength of visible light. Their structures have Aryl rings that have delocalized electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials. A Dye is a coloured compound due to the presence of chromophore and its fixed property to the acid or basic groups such as OH, SO3H, NH2, NR2, etc. The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fabric structure. Pigments are organic and inorganic compounds which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated. Dyes and pigments are the most important colourants used to add colour or to change the colour of something. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. This chapter is devoted to the structure and properties of dyes and pigments.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Vasko, Christopher A., i Christina G. Giannopapa. "Liquid Droplets in Contact With Cold Non-Equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas". W ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63629.
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Recently, cold, non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) and their active chemistry have been extensively investigated to the benefit of a wide array of applications such as biomedical and industrial applications mainly in the area of materials processing and chemical synthesis, amongst many others. In general, these plasmas operate at standard conditions (i.e. 1 atm, 300K), are small (∼ cm) and rather simple to operate in comparison to other plasmas. Their complex chemistry gives rise to a wide array of both stable and transient reactive species: such as O3, H2O2, OH and NOx, next to charged species and (V)UV-radiation. This chemistry is the reason for their wide spread application and has already found many industrial applications from waste water treatment, stain free detergents and industrial scale production of oxidants. In recent years, bactericidal effects of CAPs gained increasing attention for applications such as dermatology, disinfection, dentistry and cancer treatment or stimulated blood coagulation. This paper aims to highlight recent research into new biological applications for complex mission scenarios involving humans in remote locations using CAPs for disinfection, bleaching or wound healing. Results using radiofrequency plasma jets for the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are summarized, highlighting the importance of liquid plasma interactions. Work with such a CAP paved the way for a promising application in the field of biomedical applications presented here. It involves surface barrier discharges which can be used to treat larger surfaces compared to jets. Their physical construction, using floating or contained electrodes, offer a convenient way of controlling electrical current on a large scale, 3D treatment of both conducting and insulating surfaces with minimal heating. These devices may be tailored to specific skin treatments, allowing fast and effective treatment of larger skin surfaces while following the shape of the skin. This might reduce the need for bactericidal agents and would be a valuable application to assist humans in remote locations. These emerging technologies could be essential both for human health care under extreme conditions, as well as for research itself (sterilisation of tools and large areas, etc.). Especially in the absence of abundant resources (antibiotic agents, disinfectants and the like) alternative approaches to support humans in isolated locations have to be developed. Applications based on a good understanding of plasma chemistry would empower health care under extreme conditions to efficiently use and manage in situ resources. Their low mass, compact size, low power consumption and high reliability could make them essential use under extreme conditions.
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Oboirien, Bilainu O., P. E. Molokwane i Evans M. N. Chirwa. "Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants in a Radioactive Wastewater". W The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7014.
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Bioremediation holds the promise as a cost effective treatment technology for a wide variety of hazardous pollutants. In this study, the biodegradation of organic compounds discharged together with radioactive wastes is investigated. Nuclear process wastewater was simulated by a mixture of phenol and strontium, which is a major radionuclide found in radioactive wastewater. Phenol was used in the study as a model compound due to its simplicity of molecular structure. Moreover, the biodegradation pathway of phenol is well known. Biodegradation studies were conducted using pure cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. The rate of phenol degradation by both species was found to be higher in the test without strontium. This suggests some degree of inhibition in the degradation of phenol by strontium. There was no phenol degradation in the sterile controls. The results indicate the feasibility of the biodegradation of organic pollutants discharged in radioactive effluents by specialised microbial cultures.
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Barr, Logan D., Akira Idesaki, Mitsumasa Taguchi i Tetsuji Yamaguchi. "Effect of Waste Slurry Composition on the Radiolytic Stability of Polyethylene for Isolation of Waste From Water Treatment After the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Accident". W 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60198.
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The gamma radiolysis of simulated waste environments has been investigated to represent the environment of waste containers used following the removal of radionuclides from contaminated water released following the incident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011. The effect of the solid flocculants on the yield of oxidative species formed during radiolysis was investigated to determine the potential for polymer degradation induced by oxidative radicals. Changes to the properties of polyethylene induced by gamma radiolysis in the presence of the different waste types have also been investigated. The aqueous environment was shown to alter the hydrogen peroxide yields, in all cases G(H2O2) was reduced relative to the irradiation of pure water. Bulk polyethylene degradation was investigated by gel fraction measurement, the aqueous environment was found to have little effect due to the low rate of diffusion of water into the polymer.
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Biggs, Simon, Rafiq Nabi, Colin Poole i Ashok Patel. "The Influence of Zeta Potential and Yield Stress on the Filtration Characteristics of a Magnesium Hydroxide Simulant". W The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7071.
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In the UK, irradiated fuels from Magnox reactors are often stored in water-filled ponds under alkaline conditions, so as to minimise corrosion of fuel cladding. This is important to prevent or reduce leakage of soluble fission products and actinides to the pond water. A variety of intermediate level wastes derived from Magnox materials are stored at power stations. Under these alkaline conditions, various species of magnesium are formed, of which magnesium hydroxide is the dominant material. The particle-fluid interactions are significant for the design and operation of facilities for hydraulic retrieval, filtration, dewatering and ion exchange treatment of fuel storage pond water and stored wet Magnox wastes. Here we describe a study of particulate properties and filtration characteristics of oxide particle simulants under laboratory conditions. Cake and medium resistance data were correlated across a range of pH conditions with electroacoustic zeta potential and shear yield stress measurements, as a function of particle volume fractions. The influence of zeta potential on filtration properties arises directly from the interaction of particles within the sediment cake.
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Denton, Mark S., i William D. Bostick. "Downselect Ion Specific Media (ISM) Utilization in Upset and Outage Conditions". W The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7187.
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This paper presents a process that has been used to help nuclear power plant (NPP) clients resolve some of their more challenging waste water processing issues. These treatment issues may become even more evident during outage conditions, due (in part) to associated decontamination activities that may cause off-normal chemical conditions, which may subsequently change both the peak levels of activities for radionuclides introduced into the collected waste water and also the chemical forms in which they may exist (e.g., formation of colloids or soluble chelates). In one NPP waste processing example, a large proportion of soluble Co-58, which is normally present as a soluble cationic species or an uncharged colloidal solid, was found to behave like an anion; formation of an anionic chelation complex was implicated, possibly due to suspect EDTA, or similar additive, in a proprietary decontamination soap formulation. Antimony 125 (Sb-125), normally present as a weakly anionic (Sb(OH)6−) or even neutral (Sb(OH)30) species, was being displaced from previously-loaded media by other, more strongly bound species, causing an unacceptable peak activity in water intended for discharge. A quick resolution of the existing waste processing limitations was required, due to limited waste water holding capacity. Samples of the authentic NPP waste water containing the recalcitrant radionuclides were sent to our licensed off-site laboratory (MCLinc), where small-scale batch-equilibrium testing was used to down-select, from a large number (36) of candidate media (both commercially available and developed internally), those that were relatively effective and economical for use in achieving the required discharge criteria. Batch-equilibrium testing is very efficient for use in screening the relative effectiveness of contaminant removal by candidate media in a select waste water composition, and can also provide an estimate of the ultimate contaminant loading capacities on the candidate media; however, equilibrium testing does not provide information on the exchange kinetics and the shape of the packed column breakthrough isotherm. The performance of the most promising of the pre-screened media was then further tested and validated at the NPP site, using small packed bed columns containing the media to be evaluated, with use of actual NPP waste water under dynamic flow conditions. In the cited example, dynamic flow testing validated the performance characteristics for the most promising media, as previously-selected by the laboratory batch testing. In particular, it revealed that two novel media were particularly useful under process upset conditions, viz., AGC-5860 (a chemically modified activated carbon) for chelated transition metals (especially Co-58 & 60), and ASM-125 (a highly selective and tenacious resin product) especially for Sb-125. Subsequently, two of the most effective novel media identified in the screening effort have now been deployed at full-scale at an NPP site for the duration of approximately one year (to-date). The antimony-selective resin has performed especially well, greatly outperforming and outlasting previously utilized media, under many variations in the NPP influent waste water composition (including outage conditions and high boron concentrations, etc.). It was further found that the ASM 125 ISM had an excellent affinity for tellurium (Te 125m), a daughter of antimony (Sb). (See data from Exelon’s Byron Station. Also, on-going at Calvert Cliffs). At the request of two other NPPs (STP and Calvert Cliffs), the AGC ISM was found to solve their Fe 55 and Ni 63 problem, likely resulting from steam generator changeouts at the plants. Lastly, work is on-going remove radioactive iodine (I 129) with the granulated AGC.
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Denton, Mark S., i William D. Bostick. "New Innovative Electrocoagulation (EC) Treatment Technology for BWR Colloidal Iron Utilizing the Seeding and Filtration Electronically (SAFE™) System". W The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7186.
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The presence of iron (iron oxide from carbon steel piping) buildup in Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) circuits and wastewaters is decades old. In, perhaps the last decade, the advent of precoatless filters for condensate blow down has compounded this problem due to the lack of a solid substrate (e.g., powdex resin pre-coat) to help drop the iron out of solution. The presence and buildup of this iron in condensate phase separators (CPS) further confounds the problem when the tank is decanted back to the plant. Iron carryover here is unavoidable without further treatment steps. The form of iron in these tanks, which partially settles and is pumped to a de-waterable high integrity container (HIC), is particularly difficult and time consuming to dewater (low shear strength, high water content). The addition upstream from the condensate phase separator (CPS) of chemicals, such as polymers, to carry out the iron, only produces an iron form even more difficult to filter and dewater (even less shear strength, higher water content, and a gel/slime consistency). Typical, untreated colloidal material contains both sub-micron particles up to, let’s say 100 micron. It is believed that the sub-micron particles penetrate filters, or sheet filters, thus plugging the pores for what should have been the successful filtration of the larger micron particles. Like BWR iron wastewaters, fuel pools/storage basins (especially in the decon. phase) often contain colloids which make clarity and the resulting visibility nearly impossible. Likewise, miscellaneous, often high conductivity, wastesteams at various plants contain such colloids, iron, salts (sometimes seawater intrusion and referred to as Salt Water Collection Tanks), dirt/clay, surfactants, waxes, chelants, etc. Such wastestreams are not ideally suited for standard dead-end (cartridges) or cross-flow filtration (UF/RO) followed even by demineralizers. Filter and bed plugging are almost assured. The key to solving these dilemmas is 1) to break the colloid (i.e., break the outer radius repulsive charges of the similar charged colloidal particles), 2) allow these particles to now flocculate (floc), and 3) form a type of floc that is more readily filterable, and, thus, dewaterable. This task has been carried out with the innovative application of electronically seeding the feed stream with the metal of choice, and without the addition of chemicals common to ferri-floccing, or polymer addition. This patent-pending new system and technique is called Seeding And Filtration Electronically, or the SAFE™ System. Once the colloid has been broken and flocking has begun, removal of the resultant floc can be carried out by standard, backwashable (or, in simple cases, dead-end) filters; or simply in dewaterable HICs or liners. Such applications include low level radwaste (LLW) from both PWRs and BWRs, fuel pools, storage basins, salt water collection tanks, etc. For the removal of magnetic materials, such as some BWR irons, an ElectroMagnetic Filter (EMF) was developed to couple with the ElectroCoagulation (EC), (or metal-Floccing) Unit. In the advent that the wastestream primarily contains magnetic materials (e.g., boiler condensates and magnetite, and hemagnetite from BWRs), the material was simply filtered using the EMF. Bench-, pilot- and full-scale systems have been assembled and applied on actual plant waste samples quite successfully. The effects of initial feed pH and conductivity, as well as flocculation retention times was examined prior to applying the production equipment into the field. Since the initial studies (Denton, et al, EPRI, 2006), the ultimate success of field applications is now being demonstrated as the next development phase. For such portable field demonstrations and demand systems, a fully self enclosed (secondary containment) EC system was first developed and assembled in a modified B 25 Box (Floc-In-A-Box) and is being deployed to a number of NPP sites. Finally, a full-scale SAFE™ System has been deployed to Exelon’s Dresden NPP as a vault cleanup demand system. This is a 30 gpm EC system to convert vault solids/sludges to a form capable of being collected and dewatered in a High Integrity Container (HIC). This initial vault work will be on-going for approximately three months, before being moved to additional vaults. During the past year, additional refinements to the patent pending SAFE™ System have included the SAFER™ System (Scalant and Foulant Electronic Removal) for the removal by EC of silica, calcium and magnesium. This has proven to be an effective enabler for RO, NF and UF as a pretreatment system. Advantages here include smaller, more efficiently designed systems and allowed lower removal efficiencies with the removal of the limiting factor of scalants. Similarly, the SAFE™ System has been applied in the form of a BAC-UP™ System (Boric Acid Clean-Up) as an alternative to more complex RO or boric acid recycle systems. Lastly, samples were received from two different DOE sites for the removal of totally soluable, TDS, species (e.g., cesium, Cs, Sr, Tc, etc.). For these applications, an ion-specific seed (an element of the SMART™ System) was coupled with the Cs prior to EC and subsequent filtration and dewatering, for the effective removal of the cesium complex and the segregation of low level and high waste (LLW & HLW) streams.
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Epelbaum, Greg, Eric Hanson i Michael Seitz. "New Generation of Tube Surface Treatments Help Improve EFW Boiler Reliability". W 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3580.
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Surface treatments, such as weld overlays, thermal sprays, laser claddings and fused coatings have been used for many years to protect boiler tubes operating in corrosive and erosive conditions. Several variables are typically identified that influence the choice of the technology selected, and the materials used to upgrade the boiler elements. Specifically, operating conditions such as corrosive species present, tube and gas temperatures, and the presence of erosive processes such as fly ash impingement and soot blowing significantly influence the severity of the wastage mechanisms. Given the many options available, and the uncertainty in determining reliable operating data, most selections need to be based on a “fit for all” solution. Case studies for applications of protective coatings in severe applications are useful to indicate relative performance of each system. From such results, limitations and some indication of performance can be established. As an example, AmStar cladding was field applied for EfW boiler water walls protection at 4 EfW plants. A number of superheater tube samples, cladded in the AmStar shop, were installed at another 4 EfW plants. The AmStar 888® cladding material is a development specifically geared to environments that may see erosion, corrosion, or a combination of both mechanisms. The material is a Nickel Chrome alloy, with carbide and boride additions. The coating is applied (field or shop) using a high velocity spray system, and requires no post treatment. The material is also easily repaired if defects occur in the future. The presented field trials at EfW plants have brought very positive results for all carbon steel water wall applications and have shown some good potential for salvaging old poor quality Inconel weld overlay by spraying AmStar 888® cladding over it. The superheater tube trials are more complex due to the variety of boiler designs which may significantly affect environmental variables. Not surprisingly, these trials have shown a range of results so far: from very good at one plant to not satisfactory at another. Testing is ongoing, so more results will be coming. Although such field tests do not provide quantitative results, they do provide comparative performance guidelines for generally aggressive boiler environments. This data is very useful to both design and maintenance engineers, who are often faced with limited options.
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Gordillo, Gerardo, i Maria C. Mendez. "Rice Husk Gasification Using N2 and Air-Steam for Partial Oxidation". W ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58386.
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The concern for the reduction of the environmental impact caused by greenhouse emissions (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion processes is growing around the world. This has increased research on new energy technologies to produce clean fuels. One of them is the use of biomass as feedstock in gasification processes. The rice agriculture industry around the world produces a great amount of rice husk wastes (RHW) which show the potential for water, soil, and air pollution (including global warming by way of potent greenhouse emissions such as CH4) since waste handling system and structures for storage and treatment frequently are not appropriate. However, the concentration of the rice husk in industrial units makes this low Btu feedstock a viable source for locally based thermal gasification. The current paper presents results on both HRW adiabatic gasification modeling using air-steam blends for partial oxidation and pyrolysis kinetic model to determine, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the RHW activation energy (E). The Chemical Equilibrium with Applications program (CEA), developed by NASA, was used to estimate the effect of both the equivalence ratio (ER) and the steam to fuel ratio (S:F) on adiabatic temperature, gas quality (gas composition and energy density), and energy recovery of an unlimited number of species (∼150). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using N2 as carrier gas and under different heating rates (β: 10, 20, 40, and 50 °C/min). Furthermore, the activation energy (E) was estimated based in the results from TGA and using the isoconversional method (i.e., free-model). In general, for the range of parameters studied (0.2 < S:F < 0.8 and 1.5 < Φ < 6), the results from equilibrium adiabatic modeling (CEA) showed that increased ER and (S:F) ratios increase the production of H2 and CO2 but decrease the production of CO. Equilibrium temperature decreases with increased ER until ER = 3.0 whereas at ER > 3.0, the effect of ER on equilibrium temperature is negligible. Also, the activation energy average value, estimated from the kinetics model, results to be 233 kJ/kmol.
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Rodriguéz, Catalina, i Gerardo Gordillo. "Sugar Cane Bagasse Gasification Using Air-Steam for Partial Oxidation and N2 as Carrier Gas". W ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69912.
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Several technologies have been proposed to reduce the environmental impact caused by greenhouse emissions (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion processes. One of them is the use of biomass as feedstock in gasification processes. Biomass fuels which include energy crops, agricultural and forestry residues, and municipal, industrial, and animal wastes can serve as renewable feedstock for thermal gasification to produce gaseous and liquid fuels. The inclusion of biomass as feedstock in thermal conversion processes does not increase the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere because biomass is a carbon neutral fuel. The sugarcane agriculture industry around the world produces a great amount of wastes, e.g., only in Colombia about 9 million tons of bagasse wastes are produced per year. That great amount of bagasse wastes can cause pollution of natural sources (land, water, and air) if waste handling systems and storage and treatment structures are not properly managed. If thermal gasification technology is developed for sugarcane bagasse wastes (SCBW), the negative environmental impact from both SCBW and fossil-fuels could be mitigated. The current paper deals with i) SCBW adiabatic gasification modeling using air-steam blends for partial oxidation and ii) pyrolysis kinetic model to determine, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the SCBW activation energy (E). The Chemical Equilibrium with Applications program (CEA), developed by NASA, was used to estimate the effect of both the equivalence ratio (ER) and steam to fuel ratio (S:F) on adiabatic temperature, gas quality (gas composition and energy density), and energy recovery of an unlimited number of species (∼150). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using N2 as carrier gas and under different heating rates (β: 5, 10, 20, and 40 °C/min). The activation energy (E) was estimated based in the results from TGA and using the isoconversional method (i.e., free-model). In general for the range of parameters studied (0.3<S:F<0.8 and 2<ER<6), the results from equilibrium adiabatic modeling (CEA) showed that increasing ER and (S:F) ratios increases the production of H2 and CO2 but decreases the production of CO. At ER <4, the equilibrium temperature decreases with increased ER, but at ER > ∼ 4.0, it remains stable. The production of CH4 is only possible at ER>4. The average value of the activation energy, estimated from the kinetics model, was 266 kJ/kmol.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Waste Water Treatment - Pseudomonas Species"
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar i Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.
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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.