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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Prajapati, Ravindra, Kirtika Kohli, Samir K. Maity i Brajendra K. Sharma. "Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes". Molecules 26, nr 11 (26.05.2021): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113175.

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Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.

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Arsana, Made Ery, I. Nyoman Suamir, Sudirman, I. Wayan Temaja i Ida Bagus Gde Widiantara. "Experimental Investigation of Making a Composite Material from Plastic (LDPE) Waste". Key Engineering Materials 892 (13.07.2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.59.

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Plastic waste has been a major issue regarding waste in the world today. Plastic production in the world has reached 8300 million metric tons (Mt) from 1950 to 2015 and of about 6,300 Mt turned into waste. The development of industry and technology is often accompanied by the emergence of environmental impact issue. Encompassed plastic waste in nature causes problems, as it can drift from the land and fill the oceans around the world. Various plastic waste processing technologies have been introduced. Recycling plastic waste into goods, fuel oils and asphalt mixtures are things that have been done enormously. This research aims to make composite materials from used plastics, clay materials, and charcoal. A qualitative experimental method by heating the plastic waste below 270°C. Then, it is mixed with additional materials and casted the composite into a mold to form test specimens. Mechanical testing has been carried out to evaluate the composite. The results show that a composite material comprises plastic waste, clay and charcoal can provide maximum tensile strength of 14.59 N. The tested composite material is found to be 34.20% stronger than the material made of only plastic waste.

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Yuriz, Yasmin, Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail, Ismail Mohamed i Nik Normunira Mat Hassan. "CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC WASTES: POSSIBILITY OF REINFORCING MATERIAL FOR SOIL". Jurnal Teknologi 83, nr 4 (7.06.2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14676.

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The current statistic shows that the percentage of plastic has significantly increased in the landfill and leads to environmental issues due to its non-biodegradable characteristic. However, these challenges can be turned into opportunities by reusing and recycling such waste for civil engineering applications. Hence, the focuses of this paper are to analyze the possibility of utilizing plastic waste in the soil reinforcement field using VOSviewer software and to evaluate the chemical, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of the plastics (plastic straw, plastic bottle, and plastic bag). The data for this study was collected from the articles published in Scopus. Nevertheless, there are very limited articles that relate soil reinforcement with the thermal, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of plastic waste. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the properties of plastic waste, which were plastic bottles, plastic bags, and plastic straw. The properties of plastic waste have been investigated to ensure it meets the requirement for soil reinforcement technology. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of carbon and hydrogen chains in those plastics waste. The plastic straw, plastic bag, and plastic bottle were degraded at 382°C, 456°C, and 449°C, respectively. This finding indicated that all of these plastics waste were thermally stable in the tropical temperature. Moreover, the densities of the plastics waste were less than 1 g/cm3, which contributes to the lightweight material and it’s very crucial to eliminating the self-loading from the reinforcement material.

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Celauro, Clara, Rosalia Teresi, Francesco Graziano, Francesco Paolo La Mantia i Antonio Protopapa. "Preliminary Evaluation of Plasmix Compound from Plastics Packaging Waste for Reuse in Bituminous Pavements". Sustainability 13, nr 4 (19.02.2021): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042258.

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Finding an appropriate technical solution for reusing waste plastics is crucial for creating a circular plastic economy. Although mechanical recycling is the best option for recycling post-consumer plastics, some heterogeneous mixed plastics cannot be recycled to produce secondary material due to their very low properties. In this case, alternative routes should be considered in order to limit their disposal as much as possible. Therefore, in order to solve the environmental problems in the landfills of plastic waste recycling, and to improve the mechanical performance of bitumen for road pavement, the reuse of these post-consumer plastic wastes are preliminarily evaluated for the modification of bitumen for road use. The field of polymers used so far and widely studied concerns virgin materials, or highly homogeneous materials, in case of recycled plastics. In this work, a highly heterogeneous mixed plastic—Plasmix—from the separate collection in Italy, is used as a bitumen modifier for road construction. The research focused on the dry (into the mixture) and wet (into the binder) addition of different content of the Plasmix compound, with the aim of assessing the feasibility of the modification itself. Results of the mechanical tests carried out prove an increase in performance and that there is a potential of the addition of the Plasmix compound both for binder and mixture modifications.

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Dadzie, Donald Kwabena, Abdul K. Kaliluthin i D. Raj Kumar. "Exploration of Waste Plastic Bottles Use in Construction". Civil Engineering Journal 6, nr 11 (1.11.2020): 2262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091616.

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The vision of this study is geared towards the exploitation of waste plastic bottle use in construction. This review paper is centers on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to help solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials. In Ghana, plastic wastes are discarded randomly after usage, hence scatter around in cities, choking drains, and end up threatening our ecosystem. These predominant effects from the plastic wastes have necessitated the need for countries precisely developing countries including Ghana to seek more sustainable methods to reduce the drastic amount of plastic wastes in the environment. In view of the above, this paper focused on the recycling of waste plastic bottles as a construction material as an effort to solve the housing deficit in most developing countries including Ghana and to save the depletion of natural resources construction materials (stones and sand) are very much critical. In the reviews, an effort has been made to utilize the waster plastic bottles in construction by filling the bottles with soil, sand, solid waste materials as brick or block bounded with mortar as a masonry wall or the filled bottles are used as a substitute for the production of the masonry unit production. In summary, it was concluded based on varying test result that: (1) Plastic waste bottles are cheaper to acquire than most conventional construction materials and as such concrete or brick containing any amount of plastic bottle is noted to reduce the total quantities of conventional materials required, thereby reducing the cost as well. (2) The use of plastic waste bottles in construction contributes to environmental friendliness and energy savings since buildings with walls constructed of plastic bottles maintains room temperatures and contribute to energy saving and the cost of providing an artificial thermal control system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091616 Full Text: PDF

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Martikka, Ossi, Suman Nepal, Marko Hyvärinen i Timo Kärki. "Effect of Compatibilization on the Melt Properties of Mixed Waste Plastics". Key Engineering Materials 814 (lipiec 2019): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.522.

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The amount of waste produced increases globally, and valuable resources are lost if materials contained in wastes are not recycled. One such important material group is plastics, but it is typically mixed in municipal solid waste. In this paper, the effect of maleic compatibilizer on the melt properties of mixed waste plastic is studied in order to evaluate the effect of compatibilization on the processability of reclaimed plastics. The results indicate, that compatibilization has significant effect on both melt flow rate and melt volume index. Both are decreased notably, suggesting that compatibilization may impair the processability of mixed waste plastic, even though it is expected to improve other properties.

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Suminto, Sekartaji. "Ecobrick: solusi cerdas dan kreatif untuk mengatasi sampah plastik". PRODUCTUM Jurnal Desain Produk (Pengetahuan dan Perancangan Produk) 3, nr 1 (16.10.2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/productum.v3i1.1735.

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Plastics are widely used in various needs of human life, starting from food wrapping material to the needs of automotive materials. Plastic is the most popular material and most widely used as a material for automotive component making, in addition to metal in the form of iron. The most important problem of plastics is the plastic waste that can not decompose naturally. It takes a very long time to clean up plastic waste from the face of the earth, especially since the use of plastic is almost unmanageable. Plastics also make the air temperature hotter day by day, due to its non-porous polymeric properties. At the moment, most products are produced without thinking of where they are going when consumed. Many products are also designed to fail within a certain period known as "planned obsolescence". This design philosophy is the cause behind overflowing landfills, plastic islands in the sea, and becoming a scourge such as packaging and products that clog the local ecosystem. Ecobrick is one of the creative efforts to manage plastic waste into useful objects, reducing pollution and toxins caused by plastic waste. Ecobrick is one of the creative endeavors for handling plastic waste. Its function is not to destroy plastic waste, but to extend the life of these plastics and process them into something useful, which can be used for the benefit of humans in general. Making ecobrick is still not so popular among the wider community. Most people still treat used plastics as household plastic waste, pollute the environment, rivers and pollute everyday life without self-awareness.Keywords: plastic waste, contamination, ecobrick, creative effort

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Sundarraj, M., i M. Meikandan. "Liquefied fuel from plastic wastes using nitro cracking method with refinery distillation bubble cap plate column". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, nr 00 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq200907014s.

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Development and modernization have resulted in an immense increase in the production of all kinds of goods, which indirectly produce waste to the globe. Plastic was one of the materials that produce more waste due to its wide range of applications due to its versatility and relatively low cost. In most cases, thermoplastics polymer makes up a high proportion of waste and steadily increasing worldwide pollution to the environment. As a result, waste plastics pose a severe environmental challenge due to their non-biodegradable properties and disposal problems. Diverse innovations are being developed to address plastic drawbacks, which can boost the profits of the recycling industry and shrink the world plastic waste landfills. As a part of recycling, the present work is aimed to produce liquefied fuel through the nitro cracking method using pyrolysis reactor induced with bubble cap plate column with Y zeolite as a catalyst. The liquefied fuel results produced from plastic wastes (plastics bags, plastic bottles, packing materials, and medical plastics) are compared with fuel produced from virgin plastics. The 8% higher pyrolytic oil yield is achieved compared with the results of oil produced without catalyst, and 82% of total waste plastic material is converted into liquefied fuel by the presence of a catalyst. FTIR, GC-MS, Bomb Calorimeter characterize the obtained fuel results by adopting the standard ASTM methods, and the results were compared with virgin and waste plastics.

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Koraltan, Idris, i Olgaç Güven. "Türkiye Kara Sularında Mikroplastik Kirliliğinin Biyota Üzerine Etkisi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp1 (30.12.2022): 2855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp1.2855-2861.5769.

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Plastics are high demand raw material with applications in many industries due to their low costs and easily processable structures. Increasing plastic production in line with the high demand and inadequate waste management of plastic waste gives rise to accumulation of these wastes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It has been reported that microscopic size plastics (microplastics) (

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Bureecam, Chira, Taweep Chaisomphob i Praj-Ya Sungsomboon. "Material flows analysis of plastic in Thailand". Thermal Science 22, nr 6 Part A (2018): 2379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160525005b.

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A study of the plastics materials flow analysis in Thailand was aim to show the flow of plastic materials through production, consumption, and waste management based on the year 2013 and projection to the year 2020. This paper finds the plastic waste generation increasing steadily in line with population growth and increasing consumption. In addition, the simulation under waste management three scenarios includes the following: the business as usual, increasing recycled rate set on the National Solid Waste Management Master Plan (2016-2021) and increasing in rate of energy recovery by the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036. The plastic material flow analysis has shown that the implementation of the National Solid Waste Management Master Plan (2016-2021) or the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036 can reduce uncollected waste and improper waste disposal. Moreover, there is benefit by adding value from recycled materials and energy recovery.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Gustafsson, Jesper, i Mikael Landberg. "Production of bio-plastic materials from apple pomace : A new application for the waste material". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21216.

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Extensive quantities of apple pomace are generated annually but disposal of this waste is still much disputed. In EU alone, 500 000 tons are produced every year. Without further treatment, the acidic character of apples with their high sugar and low protein content makes the pomace unsuitable for landfilling and animal feedstock. However, further treatment is usually not economically feasible. This study addresses this issue by introducing a new approach for the apple pomace to produce sustainable materials. The high content of sugars in apple pomace which can be reshaped and reformed at higher temperatures makes the waste material suitable for plastic production. Other components found in apple pomace are 5 % proteins and 1.5 % fats. Fibers are abundant, dietary fibers amounts for more than half (55 %) the original apple pomace weight. Phenols, sorbitol and acids can be found in minor mount, 2 % or less. The apple pomace itself is a mixture of mostly pulp and peel which corresponds to 9/10 of the total mass. Whereas seeds, seed core and stalk are the remaining 1/10. The possibilities of utilizing apple pomace to produce biofilms and 3D shapes have been investigated. The effects of introducing orange pomace, another waste material produced in extensive quantities, to apple pomace samples has also been studied. Two methods were used to produce bioplastic materials; solution casting and compression molding. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer. Apple pomace, either washed or not washed, was oven-dried and milled into a fine powder. Using compression molding, plates or cups of the two powders with different amounts of glycerol were prepared. Mixtures of apple pomace and orange pomace, with or without glycerol, were prepared in the same way. The apple pomace was also used in a film casting method to produce plastic films. Applying laser cutting to the plates and plastic films, dog-bone specimens were created whose mechanical properties were analysed using a universal testing machine. Highest values in terms of tensile strength and elongation at max was reached with bioplastics produced from solution casting where the values varied in the range 3.3 – 16 MPa and 11 – 55 % respectively. The compression molding approach resulted in tensile strength values in the range 0.94 – 5.9 MPa whereas the elongation at max was in the range 0.30 – 1.9 %. A possible application for this material could be disposable tableware which does not require high mechanical strength. It was shown that it is possible to produce 3D structures and plastic films from apple pomace. Washed apple pomace with glycerol has similar properties as not washed apple pomace without the plasticizer. Adding orange pomace to apple pomace samples increases the tensile strength at the expense of the elongation at max. The pressing conditions and powder size greatly effects the mechanical properties, where a larger powder size lower the values for the mechanical properties. This new approach paves the way for a new utilization of apple pomace to replace some petroleum-based materials and at the same time solve the disposal problem of apple pomace.

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Piroddi, Lorenza. "A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of methanol production via gasification of mixed plastic waste". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24738/.

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One of the most promising technologies for plastic waste valorization in the frame of a circular economy is gasification. Gasification of plastic waste allows to produce a syngas which can be further processed to produce chemicals. In this thesis, a plastic waste-to-methanol route is investigated. After evaluating the plastic waste mass potential available in the Netherlands for gasification through Material Flow Analysis, a waste-to-methanol process is modeled based on literature review and Aspen Plus simulations. Finally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed with the aid of the software SimaPro and specifically focusing on global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative fossil energy demand (CFED). The obtained results are compared with the environmental performance of a traditional natural gas-to-methanol route. This case study shows that 270 kt of plastic waste would be available for gasification in the Netherlands in an optimistic scenario. The modeling of the plastic waste-to-methanol process proves the feasibility of synthesizing pure methanol from a waste-sourced syngas. The results from the LCA indicate that the plastic waste-to-methanol process is associated to a global warming potential equal to almost 3.75 tonnes of CO2 equivalent and responsible for the consumption of about 37.41 GJ of primary energy derived from fossil resources. The waste-to-methanol process is responsible for six times greater GHG emissions than methanol produced from steam reforming of natural gas, and it consumes an additional 11.0% of primary fossil energy. Different sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the robustness of the results. All scenarios confirmed a higher GWP associated to the waste-to-methanol process, which therefore has, for the foreseeable future, rather limited practical relevance since there is no environmental convenience relative to a standard fossil-based methanol production.

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Tarus, Anita, i Elea Juell-Skielse. "Identification of Key Activities Contributing to Macro Plastic Waste Flows on the Shoreline of Koh Chang, Thailand : A Quantification of Macroplastic Waste Items". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254208.

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Sustainable development is vital in order for Thailand to continue to develop as in previous years. However, sustainable development cannot be achieved if the amount of macroplastic littering into the oceans does not decrease. In order to facilitate future decision making regarding this issue, this report aims to identify which human activities that contribute the most to the present macroplastic waste items on Thai shorelines. This identification was performed through a simplified material flow analysis based on observations and simple calculations on the island Koh Chang in Ranong. A comparative study was performed on the dissimilar island Koh Larn in Pattaya in order to eliminate any error factors caused by the specific environment on Koh Chang. It was deduced that Grocery Consumption, Fishing and Dining were the Key Activities on the two islands that contributed to the present macroplastic waste. Tourism was also shown to be a great contributor. The study did not find any signs of a current Rate of Accumulation on Koh Chang. However, there were always macroplastic waste items present in the sampling areas which implies that they might pose a threat to the ecosystems. Further research is needed in order to find a suitable solution for this problem.
En hållbar utveckling är central för att Thailand ska kunna fortsätta utvecklas på samma sätt som skett de senaste åren. Hållbar utveckling kan dock inte uppnås om mängden makroplaster som hamnar i haven inte minskar. För att underlätta framtida beslutsfattande ämnar denna rapport att identifiera de mänskliga aktiviteter som i störst utsträckning bidrar till de makroplastföremål som går att finna på thailändska kuststräckor. Denna identifiering utfördes genom en simplifierad materialflödesanalys som baserades på observationer och simpla beräkningar på ön Koh Chang i Ranong. En jämförande studie utfördes på den annorlunda ön Koh Larn i Pattaya för att eliminera felfaktorer som kan ha uppstått på grund av Koh Changs specifika förutsättningar. Studien visade att Livsmedelskonsumption, Fiske, och Restaurangbesök var de Nyckelaktiviteter som bidrog till det befintliga makroplastavfallet. Turism visade sig också vara en stor bidragare till makroplastavfall. Studien kunde inte visa på någon Ackumuleringsgrad på Koh Chang. Trots detta fanns alltid makroplastföremål närvarande i provtagningsområdena på Koh Chang, vilket antyder att dessa föremål skulle kunna innebära ett hot mot ekosystemen. Vidare efterforskningar krävs för att hitta en passande lösning på problemet.

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Thiam, Moussa. "Development and Engineering Properties of Construction Materials Made Using Melted Plastics Wastes as the Only Binding Phase". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42638.

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Modernization has brought about steady increase in the consumption of goods and services by human societies across the globe, which mostly driven by both population growth and the change of individual living standards. This, of course, leads to an ever-increasing waste production that ends up in landfills and very often as a source of pollution on natural ecosystems, especially in the low and middle-income countries where waste management is almost inexistent. The management of waste streams is a huge challenge for developed countries as well, where societal and environmental impacts are visible despite massive investments in waste management. One of the most problematic waste materials is plastic, which can remain in nature for over 100 years without degradation, leading to serious environmental concerns. As one of the most significant innovations of the 20th century, plastic is a widely used and cost-effective material for many applications. After their useful lifetimes, their management is problematic. Thus, robust and innovative approaches of managing such waste material are needed in order to mitigate the problem. One of the innovative approaches of tackling the menace cause by plastic waste is through its incorporation into the construction materials. This thesis seeks to address this problem by exploring the use of melted plastic wastes (High Density Poly Ethylene, HDPE and Low Density Poly Ethylene, LDPE) as binder in developing new construction materials (mortar with melted plastic as the only binder, MPB and Plastic Waste Crete, PWC) as an alternative to partially replace traditional concrete and mortar, or finding other engineering uses for this type of waste. Worldwide, about 190 m3 of concrete is poured every second, which translates to 6 billion m3 per year and making it, one of the most widely used manufactured materials. However, the production of concrete requires water and cement. Cement is expensive, and its production contributes to the emission of environmentally polluting gases. Replacing this binding element with recycled plastic derivatives would have significant economic and environmental benefits. In addition to the elimination of cement cost, this will result in water savings, which is especially important for areas without fresh water scarcity. Some researchers have used plastics in concrete and mortars as additives and/or replacement for fine and coarse aggregates. In addition, different types of plastics have been used in bitumen as an additive to reduce construction cost and improve sustainability by adding value to wastes materials. However, there is paucity of technical information about the use of the melted HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes as the only binding phase in concrete- or mortar-like materials. Moreover, many parameters such as preparation conditions, field variables, constituent elements, and final applications have impacts on the performance of construction materials Thus, the key objective of this PhD research is to develop the mortar with plastic binder (MPB) and PlasticWasteCrete (PWC) by using molten HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes as the only binder as well as to investigate the engineering properties of these new types of construction materials. The plastic contents of 45%, 50%, 60% and 65% and HDPE to LDPE ratios of 40/60, 50/50, and 60/40 were selected for the experimental tests. Clean river sand was used as the only aggregate for the MPB, while both sand and gravel were used for the PWC. Various tests were then performed on prepared MPB and PWC samples at different curing times from early to advanced ages to assess their engineering properties. These tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM standards to evaluate the mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), permeability and density of the MPB and PWC materials. Additional tests were carried out to analyze the products at the microstructural level (optical microscope, SEM, MIP and thermogravimetric analysis) to gain an insight into the microstructural properties of the developed materials and how that affect their engineering properties. The compressive strength tests revealed the optimal plastic content for the MPB and PWC with the best strength performance. The average compressive strength values for various optimal formulations after 28 days were found to be in the range of 9 to 18 MPa. The splitting tensile strength for the new materials from 1 to 28 days of curing time, were found to be between 1 and 5 MPa. The average hardened density of the MPB and PWC is about 2 g/cm3, which makes them lightweight material according to RILEM classification. In addition, various absorption tests (capillary and immersion) were performed on different MPB and PWC samples, and the obtained results showed that they are porous materials having lower rate of absorption than the traditional cementitious materials (mortar, concrete). This observation was supported by the results from both MIP and SEM analyses. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis provided interesting details on the thermal decomposition of the new materials, with significant changes or mass loss for these products being observed only at temperatures higher than 300°C. The findings from this study suggest MPB and PWC made with melted plastic waste as the only binder have a promising potentials for use in construction. The research conducted in this PhD study offers a good understanding of the engineering properties of the materials as well as the optimal formulations that yield best performance in terms of strength and durability. In summary, it provides useful technical information and tools on the MPB and PWC that will contribute in setting guidelines on the optimal applications of these products in the field of construction in order to have safe, durable and cost-effective structures. Résumé Avec la modernisation de nos sociétés, les habitudes ont considérablement changé, ainsi, on observe une forte consommation des biens et services, due à l’augmentation de la population et l’amélioration de leurs conditions de vie. Ce qui conduit à une augmentation considérable des quantités des déchets qui terminent leurs cycles au niveau des décharges ou dans les océans/fleuves devenant ainsi une source de source de pollution des écosystèmes naturels, surtout dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire avec des systèmes défaillants ou moins performants de gestion des déchets. La gestion des flux de déchets est aussi un défi pour certains pays développés, où les impacts sociaux et environnementaux sont visibles en dépit des investissements massifs dans ce secteur. Parmi ces déchets, nous avons les plastiques, l’une des innovations du 20e siècle avec des qualités versatiles et coût faible, se trouve partout dans nos vies quotidiennes. Après leur utilisation, les plastiques deviennent des déchets qui peuvent rester dans la nature plus de 100 ans sans aucune dégradation, avec des conséquences néfastes sur l’Homme et l’environnement. Ainsi, une approche robuste et innovante de gestion de ces déchets est nécessaire afin d'atténuer leurs impacts. L'une des approches innovantes pour réduire l’impact causé par les déchets plastiques consiste à les incorporer dans les matériaux de construction. Ainsi, le problème est abordé dans cette thèse en développant des technologies permettant de recycler les plastiques fondus comme liant dans les nouveaux matériaux de construction (MPB et PWC), afin d’offrir une alternative pour remplacer partiellement le béton / mortier traditionnel. Le béton est l’un des matériaux les plus utilisés au monde, avec environ 190 m3 coulés chaque seconde, correspondant à 6 milliards de m3 par an. Cependant, la production de béton nécessite de l'eau et du ciment. Le ciment coûte cher et sa production contribue à l'émission de gaz polluants l'environnement. Le remplacement d'une partie du béton traditionnel par un matériau à base des déchets plastique aura des avantages économiques, sociaux et environnementaux importants. Allant dans ce sens, certains chercheurs ont utilisé les plastiques dans le béton et le mortier comme additifs et / ou substituts des matériaux granulaires tels que le sable et le gravier. Aussi, différents types de plastiques ont été utilisé dans le bitume comme additif pour réduire les coûts de construction et améliorer la durabilité, ainsi contribuer à donner de la valeur aux déchets. Cependant, jusqu'à présent, il existe peu d’informations techniques sur l'utilisation de déchets plastiques (HDPE et LDPE) fondus comme seuls liants pour développer de nouveaux types de matériaux de construction. En plus, plusieurs facteurs (les conditions de préparation, les éléments constitutifs, les applications finales, etc.) ont un impact sur les caractéristiques des matériaux de construction. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette recherche doctorale est de développer des nouveaux matériaux de construction (MPB et PWC) en utilisant les déchets plastiques fondus (HDPE et LDPE) comme seul liant, puis déterminer les propriétés caractéristiques de ces matériaux afin de trouver la formulation optimale conduisant à la meilleure résistance. En plus de l'élimination du coût du ciment, cette technologie permet aussi de faire des économies d'eau, bénéfique surtout pour les zones avec des difficultés d'accès à l’eau potable. Cela contribuera à la réduction des coûts de la construction en utilisant les produits innovants comme alternative au béton / mortier conventionnel. Un vaste programme expérimental, comprenant des tests à petite et grande échelle, a été développé afin d'atteindre les objectifs de cette étude de doctorat. La campagne expérimentale a comporté différentes étapes comprenant la sélection des matériaux, la détermination de la formulation optimale et les conditions appropriées pour la préparation des matériaux susmentionnés. Par la suite, pour une meilleure compréhension du comportement technique et des propriétés du produit final, divers tests ont été effectué sur les matériaux préparés à différents temps de durcissement. Ces tests ont été menés conformément aux normes ASTM pour évaluer les propriétés mécaniques (résistance à la compression et à la traction), la perméabilité et la densité des nouveaux matériaux. Les expériences ont été approfondies en analysant les produits au niveau microstructural (microscope optique, SEM, MIP et analyse thermique) pour avoir un aperçu des propriétés microstructurales des matériaux développés et essayer de comprendre les relations avec leur comportement mécanique. Les essais de compression ont permis de trouver la teneur en plastique optimale pour les matériaux (MPB et PWC) avec les meilleures valeurs de résistance. Les résistances moyennes à la compression à 28 jours pour diverses formulations étaient comprises entre 9 et 18 MPa. La résistance à la traction par fendage des nouveaux matériaux entre 1 et 28 jours se situait entre 1 et 5 MPa. La densité moyenne du béton et mortier écologique est proche de 2 g / cm3, ils peuvent donc être considérés comme des matériaux légers selon la classification RILEM. De plus, divers tests d'absorption (capillaire et par immersion) ont été réalisé sur différents échantillons de MPB et PWC, les résultats obtenus ont montré qu'il s'agit de matériaux poreux ayant un taux d'absorption plus faible que les matériaux traditionnels contenant du ciment. Plusieurs analyses microstructurales ont été réalisées sur différents échantillons des nouveaux produits (MPB et PWC) et les matériaux cimentaires traditionnels ont été utilisés pour renforcer notre compréhension. Enfin, l'analyse thermique a fourni des détails intéressants sur la décomposition thermique de ces nouveaux matériaux ; des changements significatifs avec une perte de masse considérable ont été observés seulement pour des températures supérieures à 300 ° C. Les résultats de ces essais permettent d'acquérir une bonne compréhension des propriétés techniques des nouveaux matériaux (MPB et PWC) ainsi que de déterminer les teneurs optimales en plastique conduisant aux meilleures performances en termes de résistance et de durabilité. Ainsi, les recherches menées dans cette étude de doctorat fournissent des informations techniques et des outils utiles sur le MPB et le PWC; et contribueront à installer des bases pour guider les applications optimales de ces nouveaux produits dans le domaine de la construction afin d'avoir des structures sûres, durables et rentables.

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Badía, Valiente José David. "Strategies and analytical procedures for a sustainable plastic waste management. An application to poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polylactide in the packaging sector". Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12890.

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El propósito de esta tesis doctoral fue evaluar la influencia de los diferentes procesos de gestión de residuos, tales como la valorización material, energética y biológica de dos poliésteres clave de la industria del embalaje: el actual no-renovable poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) y el potencial candidato para sustituirlo en un futuro próximo, la polilactida (PLA) de base renovable. Se utilizaron diversas plantas piloto para simular las condiciones de la degradación sufrida por PET y PLA en el reciclado mecánico, la pirólisis, la combustión y el enterramiento en suelo. Los cambios fueron monitorizados por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), análisis dinámico-mecánico-térmico (DMTA), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), espectrometría infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), espectroscopia de correlación 2D-IR para el análisis de gases (EGA), espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), índice de fluidez de masa fundida (MFR), ensayos de tracción e impacto Charpy y viscosimetría. Se han propuesto, desarrollado y aplicado diversas estrategias y procedimientos analíticos para establecer parámetros fiables para ser utilizados como indicadores de la degradación y por tanto controlar la influencia de cada proceso de valorización en la calidad del material. El comportamiento de PET y PLA reciclados mecánicamente se evaluó en base a sus propiedades químicas, microestructurales, mecánicas y térmicas. Se observó una pérdida general de prestaciones de PET y PLA reprocesado una vez y dos veces, respectivamente. Además, las propiedades de los materiales reciclados de PLA fueron mejores en términos relativos a los productos reciclados de PET. Las descomposiciones térmica y termo-oxidativa causadas por los procesos de pirolisis y combustión se evaluaron sobre la estabilidad térmica, gases emitidos y cinéticas de descomposición. Se destaca el uso de la combustión controlada para ambos polímeros, ya que se necesita menos energía para iniciar la descomposición, y la mezcla de gases que se desprenden es más homogénea.
Badía Valiente, JD. (2011). Strategies and analytical procedures for a sustainable plastic waste management. An application to poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polylactide in the packaging sector [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12890
Palancia

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Friman, Klara. "Designing a sustainable product from electronic plastic waste : A study in how an environmentally friendly product can be developed with a discarded material as the starting point". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110384.

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The aim of the thesis was to show that it is possible to develop a sustainable product of a discarded material and provide a framework for how to do that. A great amount of discarded material is today put on landfill due to its low value and difficulties to use. But putting the waste on landfill is the least preferred way of handling it, especially when the resources in the world are not infinite. It is therefore of importance that we find another way of handling the discarded material, which is why this thesis was written. During the work has a qoute by McDonough and Braungart (2002) been kept in mind, reminding us, as product designers, of the responsibilty we have for future generations well-being. “How can we love the children of all species– not just our own – for all time?” – McDonough and Braungart. 2002. Remaking the way we want things, pp 168. This thesis consisted of three phases. In phase 1 the plastic WEEEBR (a recycled plastic blend from waste from electrical and electronic equipment) was evaluated and a suitable product for it was found. Phase 2 started with a market research trying to find a market opportunity for that product. Thereafter several concepts for the product was developed. The last phase, phase 3, analyzed and evaluated the two previous phases in order to summarize the process and develop a method for how to put requirements on future products. Phase 1 and 2 are shortly described, thereafter follows the analysis of them. The proposed method are exemplified with concepts and results from phase 1 and 2. The result of the thesis was a method based on following 6 steps: Agree to the company’s vision Evaluate what available material you have Evaluate your technical possibilites with the material Highlight a market possibility Set product requirements Develop the concept This method is generic and shall be used as a guide when developing sustainable products. Developing sustainable products include thinking about what material you have. It is worth thinking about if the product shall be produced locally, with local material and also how the material should be handled after it is used and at last where it ends up.
Waste to Design
Closing the loop

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Vilímek, Pavel. "Řešení odpadového hospodářství se zaměřením na recyklovatelný odpad". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217909.

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Work with behind-go recycling waste with project on foundation firm applied in this branch. Next then by suggesting arrangement on recycling electric cable, development prises and processing price list.

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Nazarudin, N. "Catalytic cracking of plastic waste using nanoporous materials". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1380400/.

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The catalytic cracking of linear low density polyethylene (lldPE), polypropylene (PP) and plastic waste were investigated using commercial zeolites (ZSM-5, zeolite β, Mordenite, and USY), USY modified by ion-exchange, mixed catalyst (ZSM-5/ zeolite β, ZSM-5/USY), and nanocrystaline-ZSM-5. USY was modified by ion-exchange with ammonium salt at two different temperatures (298K and 353K) and for various reaction times. The cracking of PP and lldPE was performed using mixed catalysts and in addition a detailed study was carried out employing statistical design of response surface methodology to obtain the optimum reaction condition to produce maximum products. Nano crystalline ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared with/without the presence of alcohol (ethanol and isopropanol) and sodium and statistical analysis of completely random design was used to determine the effect of these constituents in the reaction mixture on the characteristics of ZSM-5 material and on their catalytic performance. The catalytic studies using commercial zeolites revealed that the zeolite β and mordenite produced higher liquid yield from lldPE and plastic waste, respectively. However, by using a modified USY, by ion-exchange at temperature 298K for 48hours, a further improvement to the liquid yield was achieved. Using a mixer of ZSM-5/ zeolite β it was possible to achieve very good conversions for both lldPE and PP with least amount of coke formation. Further studies on catalytic cracking of lldPE using nanocrystalline ZSM-5 indicate that the highest liquid yield that could be achieved was by using the material synthesised in the presence of alcohol and sodium in the starting solution. The effect of constituents in the starting gel mixture for ZSM-5 synthesis appears to influence surface area, acidity and particle size; however it appears that this does not affect the catalytic performance for cracking of lldPE. However the study suggest that control of external surface area and particle size is highly significant.

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James, Aaron. "Development of composites materials from waste paper and plastic". Australian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070130.165426/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne - 2006.
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "August 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-389).

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Mashaan, Nuha S. "Engineering Characterisation of Wearing Course Materials with Nanoparticles and Waste Plastic". Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89295.

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Currently, using waste materials in civil and construction engineering is of great interest to researchers and industry. This study investigates the impact of using waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic and nano-silica to modify asphalt mixtures following Australian design guidelines and criteria; different types of asphalt mixtures, waste plastic types and contents, nano-silica size are used to investigate and determine the mechanical properties of the modified asphalt mixtures.

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Książki na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Canada, Society of the Plastics Industry of. Voluntary guidelines, plastic bottle & container material code system-mold modification drawings. [Toronto]: SPI, 1989.

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Hans, Gaensslen, i Sordo Magdalena, red. Polyvinylchloride: Environmental aspects of a common plastic. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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America, Plastics Institute of, red. Secondary reclamation of plastics waste: Research report-phase II : phase II, evaluation of industrial processes, financial analysis, and potential markets. Castle Point, Hoboken, N.J: Plastics Instititue of America, 1987.

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Paolo, La Mantia Francesco, red. Recycling of plastic materials. Toronto: ChemTec Pub., 1993.

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Keep, America Beautiful Inc. Multi-material recycling manual. Wyd. 3. Stamford, CT: Keep America Beautiful, Inc., 1990.

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Keep, America Beautiful Inc. Multi-material recycling manual. Wyd. 3. Stamford, CT: Keep America Beautiful, Inc., 1990.

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America, Plastics Institute of, red. Secondary reclamation of plastics waste: Research report-phase I : phase I, development of techniques for preparation and formulation. Castle Point, Hoboken, N.J: Plastics Institute of America, 1987.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, red. Transportation products containing recovered materials. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment. H.R. 5000--recyclable materials: Plastics in the environment : hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Science Space and Technology Subcommittee on Natural Resources Agriculture Research and Environment. H.R. 5000--recyclable materials: Plastics in the environment : hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Części książek na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Sinha, Sweta, i Ateeb Hamdan. "E-Plastic Waste—A Sustainable Construction Material". W Handbook of Sustainable Materials: Modelling, Characterization, and Optimization, 213–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003297772-12.

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Bertelsen, Ida Maria Gieysztor, Ana Teresa Macas Lima i Lisbeth Mølgaard Ottosen. "Possible Applications for Waste Fishing Nets in Construction Material". W Marine Plastics: Innovative Solutions to Tackling Waste, 211–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31058-4_12.

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AbstractResearch on the use of recycled plastics in construction materials has increased over the last decade. The major trends and recycling applications for plastic waste in construction materials are reviewed in this chapter with a special focus on the use of discarded fishing nets as reinforcing material. The experimental part of this project included the characterization of discarded fishing nets of polyethylene with the aim of discovering new recycling alternatives for the use of fishing nets as reinforcement in different types of construction materials. The fishing net material was added either in the form of fibers or as pieces of net. The characterization of the polyethylene fibers showed that the material properties were in the same range as some commercially available fibers used in construction materials. The influence of the addition of fishing nets to construction materials was evaluated based on the mechanical performance and early-age shrinkage properties of cement-based mortars, gypsum, and earth-based adobe bricks. The results showed that the addition of fishing net fibers improved the post-crack performance of all types of tested construction materials, but the most prominent gain in mechanical properties was obtained for the earth-based adobe bricks. The addition of fibers was also found to mitigate shrinkage deformations and cracking of cement-based and earth-based materials.

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Shahbazi, Sasha, Patricia van Loon, Martin Kurdve i Mats Johansson. "Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain". W Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_18.

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AbstractMaterial efficiency in manufacturing is an enabler of circular economy and captures value in industry through decreasing the amount of material used to produce one unit of output, generating less waste per output and improving waste segregation and management. However, material types and fractions play an important role in successfulness of recycling initiatives. This study investigates two main fractions in automotive industry, namely, metal and plastic. For both material flows, information availability and standards and regulations are pivotal to increase segregation, optimize the collection and obtain the highest possible circulation rates with high quality of recyclables. This paper presents and compares the current information flows and standards and regulations of metals and plastics in the automotive value chain.

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Yen, Chong Lih, Myzatul Aishah Kamarazaly, Soon Lam Tatt, Nurulhuda Hashim, Shirley Chin Ai Ling i Azrina Md Yaakob. "The Potential of Plastic Waste as Building Material". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1441–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7924-7_95.

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Hansen, Preben, Vesna Grujoska i Milica Jovanoska. "Textile as Material in Human Built Environment Interaction". W Future City, 215–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_11.

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AbstractAs human population grows in number, the amount of (organic and non-organic) waste materials has grown rapidly year by year.Changes of consumption and lifestyle have generated a higher waste amount. Waste management has become a significant issue in today’s society. In 2014, the EU countries registered 2.494 million tons of generated waste, which was an increase in growth of 2.8% compared with data from 2008. Different renewable materials are ending up as waste, such as glass, paper, plastic, textile, which may be used in a recycling process. This chapter will discuss these challenges with the focus on one of these materials, textiles, as building materials.We also introduce the perspective of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) aspects, and especially Human-Built Environment Interaction which will give some specific focus on textiles used as recycled materials. The result of the critical literature review in the area of textiles as building material from an HCI point of view suggest a set of interaction design dimensions that can be considered and applied on the usage of textiles for built environments.

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Bharathi, M., K. K. Indirajeevan, S. S. Mathivanan, R. Muniyandi i S. Praveenkumar. "Experimental Study on Incorporation of Plastic Wastes as a Binding Material in Pervious Pavers". W Integrated Approaches Towards Solid Waste Management, 133–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70463-6_13.

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Hadhinata, Christian, Ananta Ardyansyah, Viska Rinata i M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama. "Characterization of Self-Healing Concrete Incorporating Plastic Waste as Partial Material Substitution". W Nanotechnologies in Green Chemistry and Environmental Sustainability, 103–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003320746-7.

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Ouaaz, Oum Essaad, i Bachir Melbouci. "Recycling of Plastic Waste and Valorization of Clay Material in the Road Area". W Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development, 427–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_49.

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Aravelli, Gopalamma S. L. K., i R. Srinu Naik. "Techno-Economic Material Demand-Based Model in Plastic Waste Management Using Metaheuristic Algorithms". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 135–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8439-8_12.

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Raut, J. M., S. R. Khandeshwar, P. B. Pande, Nikita Ingole, Radhika Shrawankar i Urvesh Borkar. "Development of methodology and process of Soil stabilisation using fly ash and plastic waste". W Recent Advances in Material, Manufacturing, and Machine Learning, 654–63. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003358596-73.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Otava, Anastasija, i Lilita Abele. "SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING MATERIAL FOR COTTON PADS PRODUCTION IN LATVIA". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s17.20.

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Over the last 10 years, the amount of packaging waste in Latvia has increased by almost 40%. The statistical report on the types of packaging waste generated and recovery rates in the Republic of Latvia in 2018, in accordance with European Commission Decision 2005/270/EC, shows that the total amount of packaging waste was 257 350 tonnes in 2018, and plastic packaging made up 17%. Plastics are relatively light (comparing with wood or glass materials), it means that the volume of such waste is large and increasing every year. Comparing 2017 and 2018, we can see that the amount of plastic packaging increased by almost 11%. Unfortunately, the reports do not provide data on specific types of plastics. This situation exists in a relatively small country - in Latvia. Globally, the problem of plastic packaging waste is much more serious and is very topical. Research problem: There is not found widely used/accepted environment-friendly LDPE packaging material for cotton pads production. Aim of the study: Develop an action plan for hygiene producers to introduce the most environmentally friendly packaging material in their production process, by systematizing packaging materials according to selected criteria. Result of the study: Based on a literature study and a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), an action plan for hygiene manufacturers has been developed to switch to more sustainable packaging material in their production process.

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Ankit, Kushwaha, i Kumar Satish. "To construct flexible pavement by using waste plastic as construction material". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079991.

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Wulan, Praswasti PDK, M. I. Chairat i R. F. Kusumastuti. "Nanocarbon production from polyethylene (PE) plastic bag waste using flame synthesis reactor". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND INVENTIVE MATERIALS: ICTMIM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0014086.

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Alagha, Danah Ibrahim, i John N. Hahladakis. "Material Flow Analysis of Plastic Waste in Qatar: Focusing on the Marine Environment". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0073.

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As the population continues to grow, the generation of waste and specifically plastic waste, has also increased significantly in the past decades both globally and regionally. However, little attention has been directed to this problem in the region. This study aims to delineate and map the status of the plastic waste problem in Qatar with a focus on the plastic inflow to the marine environment. A generic material flow diagram was built using a material flow analysis software named STAN, to depict the flow of the plastic waste. The study focuses on the plastic waste in the marine environment, depicting the different types, sizes and shapes of plastic particles, and the recovery and recycling efforts that have been made, in order to reduce plastic waste and minimize its risk on the environment.

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Elsharafi, Mahmoud, Cody Chancellor, Cameron Duckworth, Moiz Tatla, Reuben Denwe, Okan Lafleur, Zhiqi Mao, Mohamed Azzouz i Sheldon Wang. "Heat Transfer Technology to Convert Plastic Trash to Oil". W ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70953.

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In modern society, plastic waste has become a serious environmental issue. The inability of most hydrocarbon based plastics to naturally decompose quickly causes concern. The material piles up in landfills, waterways, and along the side of the road. One way to combat this issue is the repurposing of the material. Plastic can be converted back into oil (called pyrolysis) and refined to produce fuels. To attempt this, a custom-built steel reactor is to be filled with waste plastic, and will be heated to the plastic’s boiling point in an inert (N2) environment. The resulting vapor will be recondensed in a specially designed heat exchanger, resulting in oil, wax, and gaseous byproducts. The oil and waxes are collected in one container, and the gases are collected in a separate container. The system will require the use of thermocouples and a feedback loop to properly control temperature. The results are expected to show a correlation between plastic type and resulting byproduct composition with Grade 1 plastics producing the most gas. In addition, faster heating rates, larger plastic particle size, and higher temperatures should increase gaseous products. This may aid in the creation of commercial/industrial sized pyrolysis systems.

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Halim, Nur Fasiha Abdul. "Development Of Sustainable Building Material By Incorporating Plastic Waste In Concrete Block". W ICRP 2019 - 4th International Conference on Rebuilding Place. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epms.2019.12.40.

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Krithiga, P. "Review on Utilizing E-Waste Plastic in Bitumen for Better Strength and Sustainable Environment". W Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-43.

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Abstract. E-Waste or Electronic waste is the broken pieces or junk or which is not used in present that is thrown out at the end of their lives. Generation of Electronic Waste is rising year by year due to the demand for newer electronic products which made the public to upgrade their technologies. The composition of plastics in Electronic Waste is high which is non degradable may cause consequential reaction. These wastes would contaminate in water, air, soil and also severely affect the humans and environment. Managing the Electronic Waste with tactical approach may create a way for sustainable waste management. For effective waste management process it is essential to adopt the 4R methods of Reduce, Recovery, Reuse and Recycle. Because it is significant to contemplate the health of the people and also by generating jobs in e-recycling field. In recent times the research is underway to examine the possibilities of using E-Waste in construction field. By adding the Electronic Waste as an alternative material to conventional material in bitumen for various percentages like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Reusing the E-Waste plastic in aggregate form as certain or diverse forms probably low-budget and it is feasible in technical manner for disposing the huge E-waste. Replacing Electronic Waste in various forms in bitumen gives better strength than conventional bitumen.

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Ula, Rini K., Bernadus H. Sirenden, Isnaeni, Edi Kurniawan i Nisa Yunita. "Plastic waste separator using laser technology integrated with spectrum differentiator programme". W THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAMT) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106984.

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"Effect of Coir Fibre, Fly Ash and Plastic Granules on the Static and Dynamic Response of Multi-Storied Buildings". W The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/kwkb9368/ngcesi23p9.

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This paper summarizes the research work on the experimental study on the effect of natural fibre and industrial wastes on improving the strength properties of concrete. Production of concrete leads to the emission of greenhouse gases in greater amount sand concrete being the most widely used construction material also raises the risk of environmental pollution and the depletion of natural resources. On the same hand, industries produce waste by-products of which the disposal is a serious issue in concern. Among such waste materials some can be effectively introduced in the field of construction; of some, due to their properties which are similar to that of the conventional material sand some due to which they can improve the desired properties of concrete. In the experiment coir is the natural fibre added. Coirfibre is added in varying percentages. Fly ash and plastics are the waste materials used. 30% cement is replaced with cement and 1% plastic by weight of cement is added. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were determined using cube, cylinder and beam specimen after specified ages of curing.

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Enggar, llovine Hadassa, Juliet Patricia Arsadha, Mohamad Zaky Nugraha, Bazlina Dawami Afrah i M. Ihsan Riady. "PoP (pyrolysis of plastic): Utilisation of plastic waste as raw material of liquid fuel production using pyrolysis method". W TOWARD ADAPTIVE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR FUTURE LIFE. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114768.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL"

Saadeh, Shadi, i Pritam Katawał. Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2045.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.

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Melanie, Haupt, i Hellweg Stefanie. Synthesis of the NRP 70 joint project “Waste management to support the energy turnaround (wastEturn)”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), styczeń 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.2.en.

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A great deal of energy can be sourced both directly and indirectly from waste. For example, municipal waste with an energy content of around 60 petajoules is incinerated in Switzerland every year. The energy recovered directly from this waste covers around 4 % of the Swiss energy demand. However, the greatest potential offered by waste management lies in the recovery of secondary raw materials during the recycling process, thus indirectly avoiding the energy-intensive production of primary raw materials. In order to optimise the contribution to the energy turnaround made by waste management, as a first step, improvements need to be made with respect to the transparent documentation of material and cash flows, in particular. On the basis of this, prioritisation according to the energy efficiency of various recycling and disposal channels is required. Paper and cardboard as well as plastic have been identified as the waste fractions with the greatest potential for improvement. In the case of paper and cardboard, the large quantities involved result in considerable impact. With the exception of PET drinks bottles, plastic waste is often not separately collected and therefore offers substantial improvement potential. Significant optimisation potential has also been identified with regard to the energy efficiency of incineration plants. To allow municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants to use the heat they generate more effectively, however, consumers of the recovered steam and heat need to be located close by. A decisive success factor when transitioning towards an energy-efficient waste management system will be the cooperation between the many stakeholders of the federally organised sector. On the one hand, the sector needs to be increasingly organised along the value chains. On the other hand, however, there is also a need to utilise the freedom that comes with federal diversity in order to test different solutions.

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Conlon, Katie. Waste Management in the Global South: an Inquiry on the Patterns of Plastic and Waste Material Flows in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7480.

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Njoroge, George, Jaee Nikam i Daniel Ddiba. Plastic waste management and recycling in Mombasa, Kenya: A scoping study of the value chain and its institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks. Stockholm Environment Institute, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.013.

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Plastic waste management and recycling activities have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of plastic production and to tap the economic value of would-be waste materials through circular economy approaches. This report focuses on the framework for establishing effective practices in Mombasa, Kenya, with policymaking, institutional support and regulations, and with implications for similar contexts elsewhere.

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Brooks, Amy, Jenna Jambeck i Eliana Mozo-Reyes. Plastic Waste Management and Leakage in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002873.

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As of 2017, 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic had been produced worldwide. Since about 40% is used in things that are thrown away relatively quickly (packaging and single use items), 6.4 billion metric tons had already become discarded materials needing to be managed. Only 9% of these discarded materials were recycled globally. The annual estimate of plastic entering our oceans globally is 5 to 13 million metric tons (MMT) per year. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has an extensive populated coast, 119,000 km of coastline and over 205 million people living within 50 km of that coastline. Waste management infrastructure is still under development in many countries. Economic growth without fully developed infrastructure can lead to increased plastic leakage. This report focuses on municipal solid waste as a source of plastic input into the environment in LAC. The reports estimates that total plastic waste available to enter the ocean in LAC in 2020 was 3.7 MMT . Under business-as-usual projections, the report anticipates that the regional quantity available to enter the oceans in 2030 will be 4.1 MMT and 4.4 MMT in 2050.

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Short, Samuel. Alternatives to single-use plastics in food packaging and production. Food Standards Agency, sierpień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.taf512.

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This rapid evidence assessment undertaken by RSM UK Consulting LLP (RSM) and Dr Samuel Short (University of Cambridge) aimed to develop an understanding of the alternatives to single-use plastics in food packaging and production in terms of their risks and opportunities, as well as potential future developments. Literature from within and beyond the UK was gathered from academic databases and reports published by government and non-governmental organisations such as environmental charities. Evidence from the literature was supplemented by findings from a workshop with experts in the field from a variety of industries such as academia, manufacturing, and government. Two broad groups of alternatives were established: material/product alternatives (traditional materials, natural fibres, biopolymers synthesised from biomass, biopolymers synthesised from bioderived monomers, biopolymers produced by microorganisms) and, and system/process alternatives (reducing, reusing, and recycling food packaging and, active and intelligent packaging). These alternatives and systems vary considerably in terms of their properties, such as effectiveness as a barrier to moisture or contamination, convenience for consumers, production costs, and potential for commercialisation. Our review also highlighted gaps in the current knowledge, for example in terms of consumer acceptance and carbon footprint at each stage of their life cycle. The capacity to produce bioplastics (i.e. biopolymers that look and feel similar to conventional plastics but are made from natural materials rather than fossil fuels and are biodegradable or compostable) is anticipated to increase globally from 2.1 million tonnes in 2019 to 6.3 million tonnes by 2027. This growth appears to be enabled by increased consumer awareness of environmental issues and existing regulation and legislation encouraging the development and establishment of a circular economy. However, there are barriers that may challenge this growth. These include already established industry regimes, high production cost of novel materials and a lack of waste management guidance. Overall, fossil-based conventional plastics are a very cheap, versatile material compared to the alternatives currently being developed and tested. Because of this, they might remain the preferred industry choice for certain applications, while alternatives continue to be optimised and commercially scaled. To add to this, the reviewed evidence suggests that there is unlikely to be one single solution to the single-use plastics problem. The solution will likely draw on a range of materials and systems depending on food type and context.

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Jandric, Aleksander, red. Marker materials and spectroscopic methods for sorting plastic waste (NanoTrust-Dossier No60en - June 2023). Vienna: self, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-nt-060en.

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Joint Expert Group on Food Contact Materials Interim Position Paper on ocean bound plastic. Food Standards Agency, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kdy447.

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The FSA and FSS have become aware of the use of recycled plastic food contact applications that are in part, or fully, fulfilled using so called “ocean-bound” plastic. As this term has been observed to be a relatively new concept in food contact applications a full review of whether plastic material sourced from the open environment (ocean, ocean-bound, land) can be utilised in food packaging, either directly or behind a functional barrier, is currently being undertaken by the FSA. As part of its full review, the FSA and FSS invites submissions from industry, the individuals as consumers, or interested parties, including those with the relevant science expertise to submit evidence on this issue. We are particularly interested in understanding how operators propose to, or currently, carry out their own risk assessment of the safe use of these materials as a food contact material, particularly when sourcing from countries whose regulatory standards and waste management strategies differ to those of the UK and/or information on previous use and/or misuse are less certain. In addition, we would like to know how full traceability along the supply chain is ensured.

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