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1
Aladayleh, Wail, i Ali Alahmer. "Recovery of Exhaust Waste Heat for ICE Using the Beta Type Stirling Engine". Journal of Energy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495418.
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This paper investigates the potential of utilizing the exhaust waste heat using an integrated mechanical device with internal combustion engine for the automobiles to increase the fuel economy, the useful power, and the environment safety. One of the ways of utilizing waste heat is to use a Stirling engine. A Stirling engine requires only an external heat source as wasted heat for its operation. Because the exhaust gas temperature may reach 200 to 700°C, Stirling engine will work effectively. The indication work, real shaft power and specific fuel consumption for Stirling engine, and the exhaust power losses for IC engine are calculated. The study shows the availability and possibility of recovery of the waste heat from internal combustion engine using Stirling engine.
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Castaldi, Marco J., Jeff LeBlanc i Anthony Licata. "The Case for Waste to Energy". Mechanical Engineering 144, nr 4 (25.07.2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2022-jul2.
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Abstract There is a better way of handling MSW that is not or cannot be recycled: thermal conversion, also called waste to energy. These facilities feed waste into a combustion chamber with air and incinerate it. The heat released from combustion produces steam for use in a district heat network, or to generate electricity, or do both in combined heat and power systems. In addition to enabling the heat content of the MSW to be recovered, combustion reduces its final volume by more than 90 percent, thus decreasing the need for landfills.
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Spisak, Jan, Dusan Nascak i Daniela Cuchtova. "Conception Of Innovated System For Waste Disposal". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, nr 5 (28.02.2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p35.
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Every year wastes are becoming a bigger problem which every individual or government must take note and solve it on the fly. If certain energy standards are fulfilled, the waste recovery in incineration plants or similar technological devices is possible. This measure should lead to more efficient waste combustion and its energy recovery. In our conditions, this can be achieved so that the heat generated during combustion will be also used to generate electricity respectively thermal energy. For a more efficient and optimal waste treatment was proposed a three-stage combustion system concept.
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Shin, Jong-Seon, Dowon Shun, Churl-Hee Cho, Yujin Choi i Dal-Hee Bae. "The Characteristics of the After-Combustion in a Commercial CFBC Boiler Using the Solid Waste Fuel". Energies 15, nr 15 (29.07.2022): 5507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155507.
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A CFBC (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor) boiler for combusted SRF (Solid Refused Fuel) is designed for solid waste combustion and power generation. The boiler consumes about 200 tons/day of SRF and generates 60 ton/h of steam or 10 MWe in electricity. The boiler is designed to burn pelletized waste fuel made of municipal solid waste collected from a town with a population of 400,000. Heat and mass balance calculations over the combustor and at each boiler section were performed and compared between the designed and measured data to analyze the boiler’s performance. After-combustion, the most significant phenomenon in low-density waste-derived fuel combustion in a CFBC boiler was monitored. The heat and mass balance were the most appropriate tools to analyze the boiler performance. The flow rate of spray water at the de-superheater was a reliable indicator to quantify the after-combustion. The design modification of the boiler unit for after-combustion control in the existing boiler was based on the quantification of spray water. The load distribution of the de-superheater decreases from 1.76% to 0.87% in 89% MCR before the installation of the evaporator and 82* % MCR load distribution of each boiler part after installation. The result was effective for the control of after-combustion in the existing boiler.
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Ismagilov, Z. R. "Catalytic Combustion for Heat Production and Environmental Protection". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, nr 4 (10.07.2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj574.
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Processes and apparatuses for catalytic combustion of fuels for heat production and for treatment of wastes for environment protection are described. Special attention is paid to processes of treatment of mixed<br />radioactive organic waste in a fluidized catalyst bed and for environmentally safe catalytic technology for the utilization of liquid rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and wastes, containing it.
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Am, Chaerul Qalbi. "AN OVERVIEW ON UTILIZATION OF NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION FLUE". OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas 3, nr 1 (15.01.2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52162/jie.2020.003.01.2.
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A brief overview and comparison of methods to utilize the Natural Gas Combustion Flue stream. An increase in natural gas usage as fuel and its unique combustion characteristics call for specific waste heat optimization methods. Successful natural gas combustion flue waste heat utilization methods exhibit certain phenomenons. From the overview, it is also discovered that the common waste heat method can be applied to natural gas combustion flue, although the specific condition is required. This paper divides the methods into three categories, non-contact heat exchanger, direct-contact heat exchanger, and thermoelectric generations. Discussions on the result and what affects it are present as well as further studies that can be conducted to expand our scope of knowledge of the subject.
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Chen, Kuo Wei. "The Modulation Study of Emulsified Heavy Oil from Liquid Waste after Pyrolysis of Waste Rubber". Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (czerwiec 2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.45.
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The present research was involved in forming Modulation, Atomizing temperature, adding proportion etc. In addition to ameliorate heat value and Combustion stability of the Emulsified heavy oil modulated from liquid waste after the waste rubber pyrolysis in resource chemical plant. Solve waste rubbers pyrolysis process liquid wastes generated problems This study explored optimal condition of Emulsified heavy oil modulation based on relevant tests to enhance its heat value and combustion stability for optimal utilization of emulsified fuel. The results can serve as a reference to the Emulsified heavy oil modulation process design and mixing with liquids waste. The main component of the formula is an emulsion, Surfactant as emulsion to make the fuel oil uniformly mix with liquid waste. Besides finding a suitable formula, this study also conducted analysis on product property and developed technique to improve process and product property, as an important reference for future studies.
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Kaiser, Sascha, Markus Nickl, Christina Salpingidou, Zinon Vlahostergios, Stefan Donnerhack i Hermann Klingels. "Investigations of the synergy of Composite Cycle and intercooled recuperation". Aeronautical Journal 122, nr 1252 (15.05.2018): 869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.46.
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ABSTRACTThe synergistic combination of two promising engine architectures for future aero engines is presented. The first is the Composite Cycle Engine, which introduces a piston system in the high pressure part of the core engine, to utilise closed volume combustion and high temperature capability due to instationary operation. The second is the Intercooled Recuperated engine that employs recuperators to utilise waste heat from the core engine exhaust and intercooler to improve temperature levels for recuperation and to reduce compression work. Combinations of both architectures are presented and investigated for improvement potential with respect to specific fuel consumption, engine weight and fuel burn against a turbofan. The Composite Cycle alone provides a 15.6% fuel burn reduction against a turbofan. Options for adding intercooler were screened, and a benefit of up to 1.9% fuel burn could be shown for installation in front of a piston system through a significant, efficiency-neutral weight decrease. Waste heat can be utilised by means of classic recuperation to the entire core mass flow before the combustor, or alternatively on the turbine cooling bleed or a piston engine bypass flow that is mixed again with the main flow before the combustor. As further permutation, waste heat can be recovered either after the low pressure turbine – with or without sequential combustion – or between the high pressure and low pressure turbine. Waste heat recovery after the low pressure turbine was found to be not easily feasible or tied to high fuel burn penalties due to unfavourable temperature levels, even when using sequential combustion or intercooling. Feasible temperature levels could be obtained with inter-turbine waste heat recovery but always resulted in at least 0.3% higher fuel burn compared to the non-recuperated baseline under the given assumptions. Consequently, only the application of an intercooler appears to provide a considerable benefit for the examined thermodynamic conditions in the low fidelity analyses of various engine architecture combinations with the specific heat exchanger design. Since the obtained drawbacks of some waste heat utilisation concepts are small, innovative waste heat management concepts coupled with the further extension of the design space and the inclusion of higher fidelity models may achieve a benefit and motivate future investigations.
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Holubčík, Michal, Nikola Kantová, Jozef Jandačka i Zuzana Kolková. "Alternative solid fuels combustion in small heat source". MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816808002.
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Air quality is related to the using of solid fuel based heat sources in which the human factor has a major influence on the quality of combustion, which can lead to higher emissions into the air. One of the negative factors is the use of alternative fuels in heat sources. The article deals with the combustion of various alternative fuels, on a waste basis, in small heat sources. There were tested 4 types of fuels: beech wood pieces, 2 types of solid alternative fuel on the base of municipal waste and wood waste. In the experiment, it was tested the influence of used fuel in the fireplace on the heat output, efficiency, production of gaseous emissions and particulate matter. The results confirmed that combustion of fuels not recommended by the heat source manufacturer reduces the efficiency of combustion and significantly increases all monitored emissions.
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Li, Gang, Zilin Li, Taikun Yin, Jingpin Ren, Yalei Wang, Youzhou Jiao i Chao He. "Drying biomass using waste heat from biomass ash by means of heat carrier". BioResources 17, nr 3 (26.07.2022): 5243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.5243-5254.
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Agricultural and forestry biomass direct-fired power generation represents an important technology to promote low-carbon energy transition and sustainable development. To solve the problems of boiler output fluctuation caused by unstable combustion of high moisture content biomass and insufficient recovery of ash waste heat after combustion, steel heat carriers (HC) were used to absorb high-temperature ash (HTA) waste heat, and then HC was directly mixed with high moisture biomass for dewatering and drying. The thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery decreased with the increase of ash temperature, and the highest thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery was 77.4% at a heat-carrying spheres temperature (THC) of 600 °C and a mixing mass ratio of 3. Through the optimization of waste heat recovery and mixed drying process, at a biomass ash temperature of 800°C, 1 kg of ash was able to dry 0.75 kg of high moisture content biomass, resulting in a reduction in fuel moisture by about 10%.
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Lukashov, S. V., V. P. Gamazin i M. V. Khokhlova. "Multidimensionality and Methods for Solving the Problem of Municipal Solid Waste Utilization". Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, nr 7 (15.07.2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-7-18-23.
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The problems of utilization of solid municipal waste are considered, specific methods for its solution are proposed. It was established that one of the main directions of the disposal of solid municipal waste should be considered as their burning. The heat balance of the combustion of wood waste, rubber waste, polymer waste (plastics, tires), agricultural waste. Some specific parameters are determined, such as specific heat of combustion, temperature of complete combustion. It is shown that solid municipal waste should be incinerated using plants for their autothermal processing. The use of the OS 125-1000 series of heating systems as a mobile unit for burning the heating system is justified. The impact of the proposed technology for the disposal of municipal solid waste on the environment is assessed.
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Brożek, Piotr, Ewelina Złoczowska, Marek Staude, Karolina Baszak, Mariusz Sosnowski i Katarzyna Bryll. "Study of the Combustion Process for Two Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Streams Using Statistical Methods and Heat Recovery Simulation". Energies 15, nr 24 (16.12.2022): 9560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249560.
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This study characterises materials that belong to the group of refuse-derived fuels (RDF). This group of materials regarded as an alternative fuel is derived from industrial, municipal solid and commercial wastes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of waste composition, demonstrate statistically different values and the energy efficiency of the fuel derived from waste. Data on incinerated waste were collected from two different sources. The basic physical and chemical parameters of waste include density and water content. The lower heating value (LHV) of waste, chlorine concentration and ash content of two groups of incinerated waste were also evaluated and compared for a given period of time (one year, with monthly breakdown). Statistical analysis indicated the differences in the combustion of waste groups, visualized by box plots and other diagrams to show the distribution of the results. An analysis of exhaust gas parameters was carried out, both in terms of chemical composition and energy parameters. The RDF combustion process was presented through simulations for the adopted conditions of heat recovery. It was found that for each kilogram of RDF, about 3.85 kWh (13,860 kJ) of heat can be obtained. The combustion process was simulated using Aspen Plus software.
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Kunt, M. Akif. "An experimental investigation of exhaust waste heat recycling by thermoelectric generators under different thermal conditions for internal combustion engines". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, nr 12 (14.11.2017): 1648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017733253.
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Almost 70% of heat power produced by pistons in internal combustion engines is lost due to exhaust and cooling. In the course of the heating process, 25% of useful energy transfers to the exit shaft. There have been a lot of studies on recycling waste heat of internal combustion engines, especially on cooling and exhaust systems. A thermoelectric generator is an important way to recycle waste energy in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. In this study, an air-cooled thermoelectric generator was designed to recycle waste heat energy in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and its performance was tested. Waste heat recycling tests were conducted by measuring voltage, current, and power values under different thermal conditions depending on the change in load resistance. The results obtained were compared with the results of analyses and experiments. Maximum voltage value at RI = 45Ω load resistance was obtained as 11.03 V (experiment) and 11.22 V (analysis), and maximum current value at RI = 5Ω load resistance as 0.42 A (experiment) at Th = 250°C, Δ T = 40°C.
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Mat Noh, Nor Amelia Shafikah, Baljit Singh Bhathal Singh, Muhammad Fairuz Remeli i Amandeep Oberoi. "Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery Using Thermoelectric Generator Heat Exchanger". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 82, nr 2 (30.04.2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.2.1527.
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Heat engine converts chemical engine available in fuel to useful mechanical energy. One of the most famous heat engines is internal combustion (IC) engine. IC engine plays a pivotal role in transportation and other industrial applications. A lot of waste heat is rejected from a typical IC engine as the conversion efficiency of this type of engine is only about 35-40 %. The waste heat has the potential to be tapped and converted into useful energy. This can help to increase the performance of the IC engine system. This work focused on the conversion of the waste heat energy of the IC engine into electricity by using thermoelectric generator (TEG). The aim of the project was to demonstrate the applicability of TEG to convert waste heat from exhaust to useful electrical energy. Two TEGs were individually tested to attain the electrical characterization and also tested on series and parallel connections. The study showed that the series connection of TEGs has improved and increased voltage generation but parallel connection is more reliable. The system proved that the waste heat recovery using TEGs has tremendous application in IC engine for better and higher efficient engine performance.
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Yarmolchick, Yu Р., R. Schröger, H. Haberfelner, M. Pichler, D. Kostić i G. V. Moroz. "Combined Combustion of Various Industrial Waste Flows in Boiler Furnaces. Part 2". ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, nr 6 (2.12.2020): 526–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-6-526--540.
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When industrial waste flows (mixtures of different substances) are burned, thermal energy is generated in the combustion chambers of the heat generating plants. In this case, the energy contribution of the chemical compounds included in their composition is different. The article considers the enthalpies of combustion of the most characteristic chemicals, formulates the energy balance equations while simultaneously burning several mass flows of fuels, taking into account their calorific value. The general mechanisms of heat transfer to the walls of the combustion chamber are investigated. An analysis is made of the contribution of convection and the radiation mechanism to the total amount of heat transferred to the heat generator, depending on the process temperature. It is demonstrated that the heat transfer by radiation between the combustion chamber and the boiler tubes depends on the thermal radiation properties of ash deposition. In this case, the emissivity of the resulting ash deposition decreases with increasing temperature. The dependence of the maximum flame radiation on the C/H ratio by weight is considered using the example of the initial combustible chemicals that are part of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes of industrial technologies. The main pollutants which emerge during the combustion of industrial waste are determined. The mechanisms of formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, sulfur oxides (SOx), halogen acids, polymers, soot, volatile organic compounds and ash are considered in detail. The distribution of various processes of formation of nitrogen oxides depending on the value inverse to the coefficient of excess air (φ = 1/α) is determined. A physical scheme and a system of chemical equations of the mechanism of soot formation which includes the most important stages of the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are presented. The stages of the separation of reactive ash-forming elements are considered. It is demonstrated that ash deposits pose serious problems in the operation of heat generators, especially those that have such a developed heat exchange surface, such as boiler plants. In this regard, the forms and conditions of the processes of ash deposition are also considered separately. The combustion conditions affecting the state, size and distribution of solid particles and the condensed phase of ash are determined.
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Erdiwansyah, Mahidin, Husni Husin, Nasaruddin, Muhtadin, Muhammad Faisal, Asri Gani, Usman i Rizalman Mamat. "Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor with a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution". Processes 9, nr 9 (24.08.2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091489.
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Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters especially in the fluidized-bed combustor. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in fluidized-bed combustor fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the fluidized-bed combustor. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from the modification of hollow plates in the fluidized-bed combustor. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as palm kernel shell, oil palm midrib, and empty fruit bunches. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for the palm kernel shell fuel reached 863 °C for M1 and 887 °C for M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from the oil palm midrib fuel testing reached 898 °C and 858 °C, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for M1 and M2 from the empty fruit bunches fuel was 667 °C and M2 847 °C, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the fluidized-bed combustor reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in fluidized-bed combustors for oil palm midrib was 72.62%, for PKS was 70.03%, and for empty fruit bunches was 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for the oil palm midrib fuel reached 7792.36 W/m2, palm kernel shell 7167.38 W/m2, and empty fruit bunches 5127.83 W/m2. Thus, the modification of the holed plate in the fluidized-bed combustor chamber showed better performance of the plate than without modification.
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Wipplinger, KPM, TM Harms i AB Taylor. "Stainless steel finned tube heat exchanger design for waste heat recovery". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, nr 2 (1.05.2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i2a3281.
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Around the world the implementation of heat recovery systems play an increasingly important role in the engineering industry. Recovered energy is utilised in production plants (especially in the food industry) and saves companies millions in expenses per year. Waste heat recovery associated with hydrocarbon combustion in the transport industry is identified as a significantly under-utilised energy resource. The aim of this project was to investigate the recovery of waste heat in a small scale system for the purpose of electrical conversion in order to serve as a secondary energy source. A theoretical analysis concerning the design and construction of the system, utilising researched theory and a control-volume-based simulation program of the recovery system, is presented. It was found that heat exchangers for the required duty are not readily available in South Africa. A high pressure, cross flow, stainless steel finned tube heat exchanger with a water side pressure rating of 2 MPa was therefore designed and constructed. By using the exhaust gases of a continuous combustion unit as an energy source and water as the working fluid, efficiencies of up to 74% in direct steam generation testing were obtained.
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Tarasov, Alexsandr, Oksana Lytvynenko i Irina Myhaylova. "CFD Design of Waste Heat Boiler Burner in the Education System of Masters Heat Engineering Specialties". NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment, nr 2 (30.12.2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2021.02.04.
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Modern CFD methods for calculating combustion processes make it possible to take into account changes in temperatures, heat loads, rates of coolants, as well as further changes in fuel quality. To develop the skills of CFD design and understanding of combustion processes among future specialists in thermophysical specialties, work was carried out to simulate the burner device of a waste heat boiler. For the study, the design of the gas burner of the waste heat boiler RB-70-4.0-440, which operates as a part of the power unit at the LLC “Rubezhansky Cardboard and Container Plant” in the city of Rubezhnoe, was selected. When constructing a geometric model, the hydraulic resistance to the flow of the supply and distribution manifolds was taken into account. To simplify the calculations, the problem was carried out in a two-dimensional, axisymmetric formulation. Analyzing the computational combustion models, the Non-Premixe Combustion model was chosen, which made it possible to take into account the entry of fuel and oxidizer into the reaction zone by two different flows, as well as turbulent diffusion flame propagation. Six variants of models were investigated: the first three variants with a flame tube with a solid disc with diameters of 32, 48, 56 mm, the next three variants, had a burner with a discontinuous disk 32 mm in diameter at a distance of 6, 16, 32 mm from the flame tube. As a result of the research, the optimal shape of the burner was chosen, which corresponds to model 4, and provides a high-quality combustion process, as evidenced by the high temperature of the torch and the lowest temperature at the disk. The conducted research gives future masters the skills of modeling combustion processes in power equipment.
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Yarmolchick, Yu Р., R. Schröger, H. Haberfelner, M. Pichler, D. Kostić i G. V. Moroz. "Combined Combustion of Various Industrial Waste Flows in Boiler Furnaces. Part 1". ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, nr 3 (28.05.2020): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-3-236-252.
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Direct flaring of industrial waste flows specifically in the combustion chambers of heat generating plants makes it possible to significantly reduce the loss of thermal energy, as well as the capital costs of equipping thermal units without using of preliminary furnaces. However, given the increasingly strict environmental standards for the burning of various fuels, it seems important to determine the optimal combustion conditions depending on the composition of the waste products. The article shows that only a complex solution can be a successful solution to the problem of organizing high-quality combustion of industrial waste flows. On the one hand, it is necessary to obtain extremely environmentally friendly combustion products, and, on the other hand, the waste disposal process should be energy efficient. The article discusses the stages of the implementation of the projects of energy-efficient utilization of industrial waste in compliance with the established environmental standards for emissions of pollutants. The analysis of initial combustible chemical substances that are part of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes of industrial technologies is given. The main classes of fuels that determine combustion reactions are identified. Global chemical reactions and oxidation mechanisms are considered. The combustible properties, chemical composition, and degree of impact of the products of combustion of industrial waste on the environment are determined, depending on the content of various starting substances. The most difficult aspect of the flaming disposal of industrial waste flows is the presence of harmful substances of various hazard classes. The conditions for achieving complete fuel combustion, stoichiometry, and equilibrium conditions for different air/fuel ratios (depending on fuel composition) with incomplete combustion are determined. The analysis of products of incomplete combustion is given as well as of and hazard classes of the corresponding pollutants. The maximum value of the coefficient φ was determined beyond which solid carbon should be formed in a homogeneous mixture.
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Mohd Noor, Alias, Rosnizam Che Puteh, Muhammad Rabiu Abbas, Srithar Rajoo i Muhammad Hanafi Md Sah. "Exhaust Energy Recovery with Turbo Compounding in a Heavily Downsized Engine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (styczeń 2016): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.432.
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Large amount of heat energy is wasted in Internal Combustion (IC) engine through the exhaust manifold, coolant, convective and radiative heat transfer. Significant amount of thermal energy waste occurring at the exhaust manifold of the IC engine can be recovered using various contemporary heat recovering techniques. The paper presented the viability of using turbo compounding waste heat recovering technique in recovering a significant amount of waste energy occurring at the exhaust of a heavily downsized engine. Electric turbo compounding (ETC) simulation using Ford Eco-Boost base line engine with modification using Hy-Boost modelled with AVL Boost software was carried out for the analysis. The simulation results show a 3% reduction in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), 0.5 bar Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) increase and up to 2 kW of power output were realized at engine speed of 2500 rpm. The result clearly indicates the effectiveness, viability and commercialization potentials of this waste heat recovery technique.
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Dias, Claudio André Chagas M., Sérgio Neves Monteiro, Roberto da Trindade Faria Jr. i Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira. "Characterization of Blast Furnace Sludge for Clayey Ceramic Fabrication". Materials Science Forum 727-728 (sierpień 2012): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.715.
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Operation in an integrated steel making plant, such as the processing of iron ore by blast furnace result in several wastes that need to be conveniently disposed to avoid environmental pollution. In the case of sludge wastes, a feasible solution is their addition to clayey ceramics. The objective of this work was then to characterize a steel making plant waste was subjected to mineralogical, chemical and physical tests. The combustion gases: CO, CO2, NO and SO2from thermal emission were analyzed. It was found that the blast furnace sludge has a high content of both iron and carbon. Its combustion generates enough heat to sensibly contribute to the firing of the ceramic, which is an energetical advantage associated with the sludge waste addition. The gas emission was monitored and, for relatively small addition of waste, no harm is apparently caused to the environment.
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Ren, Meng Meng, Shu Zhong Wang, Li Li Qian i Yan Hui Li. "High-Pressure Direct-Fired Steam-Gas Generator (HDSG) for Heavy Oil Recovery". Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (lipiec 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.523.
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High-pressure direct-fired steam-gas generator (HDSG) is to produce multiplex thermal fluid (contains water, CO2, N2 etc.) through efficient direct-contact heat transfer, which would utilize the flue gas heat and reduce the gas emission caused by ordinary boiler. Furthermore, the multiplex thermal fluid can promote the heavy oil recovery by both steam flooding and miscible flooding. This paper introduced three kinds of HDSG: pressurized submerged combustion vaporization (PSCV), multiplex thermal fluid generator and supercritical hydrothermal combustor, which are different in work pressure and method of mixing water and flue gas. Then, we discussed the economic efficiency of HDSG used for heavy oil recovery and concluded that although the pressurization of fuel and oxygen would cost as much as the energy saved by utilizing the flue gas heat, using HDSG for heavy oil recovery has other incalculable benefits such as miscible flooding, waste water treatment and reduction of heat loss through injection well. Finally, we indicated that supercritical hydrothermal combustor will be the trendy of HDSG and pointed out the future research should be carried out on the heat and mass transfer characteristic of the combustion field when water presents and the combustion stability and completeness when pressure increases.
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Mukherjee, Sanjay, Abhishek Asthana, Martin Howarth i Jahedul Islam Chowdhury. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for the Food Processing Industry". Energies 13, nr 23 (5.12.2020): 6446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236446.
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The food manufacturing sector is one of the most dominant consumers of energy across the globe. Food processing methods such as drying, baking, frying, malting, roasting, etc. rely heavily on the heat released from burning fossil fuels, mainly natural gas or propane. Less than half of this heat contributes to the actual processing of the product and the remaining is released to the surroundings as waste heat, primarily through exhaust gases at 150 to 250 °C. Recovering this waste heat can deliver significant fuel, cost and CO2 savings. However, selecting an appropriate sink for this waste heat is challenging due to the relatively low source temperature. This study investigates a novel application of gas-to-air low temperature waste heat recovery technology for a confectionary manufacturing process, through a range of experiments. The recovered heat is used to preheat a baking oven’s combustion air at inlet before it enters the fuel-air mixture. The investigated technology is compared with other waste heat recovery schemes involving Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycles (RORC), Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) and hot water production. The findings indicate that utilising an oven’s exhaust gases to preheat combustion air can deliver up to 33% fuel savings, provided a sufficiently large heat sink in the form of oven combustion air is available. Due to a lower investment cost, the technology also offers a payback period of only 1.57 years, which makes it financially attractive when compared to others. The studied waste heat recovery technologies can deliver a CO2 savings of 28–356 tonnes per year from a single manufacturing site. The modelling and comparison methodology, observations and outcomes of this study can be extended to a variety of low temperature food manufacturing processes.
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Wijayanto, Hendi Lilih, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Kadriadi Kadriadi, Kadex Widhy Wirakusuma i Nugroho Tri Atmoko. "Pengaruh Variasi Daya Pompa pada System Pendinginan TEG terhadap Tegangan yang Dihasilkan TEG". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, nr 1 (2.03.2022): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.2017.
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The amount of heat energy wasted on the furnace wall is of concern to researchers who are trying to utilize the heat energy wasted from a furnace wall as a generator or source of electricity. The waste heat from the combustion in the furnace can now be used as a source of electricity. The waste heat is converted into electricity using a thermoelectric generator, the TEG generator is an electrical generator device that converts heat (temperature difference) directly into electrical energy. In this research, the heat used is the cylindrical wall of the furnace with variations in the size of the pump that flows the coolant to the waterblock, to determine the efficiency and magnitude of the power pump used to cool the hot side of the TEG, which produces a high temperature difference and also produces large electrical energy. thermoelectric generator module reused 4 pieces SP1848 27145 SA module.
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CUPIAŁ, Karol, Adam DUŻYŃSKI i Janusz GRZELKA. "A summary of eight years of operation of the biogas heat and power-generating set in the Waste Treatment Plant of WARTA S.A. in Czêstochowa". Combustion Engines 124, nr 1 (1.02.2006): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117363.
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The paper presents a summary of the last eight years of industrial operation of the biogas heat and power-generating set in the Waste Treatment Plant of WARTA S.A. in Czêstochowa. This is a typical installation of the CHP (Combined Heat and Power) coupled power engineering, which generates electrical power and heat at the source of gas fuel and at the place of demand. Its is composed of a gas combustion engine driving an asynchronous generator and a set of two heat exchangers. The combustion engine is supplied with biogas acquired from the Waste Treatment Plant, where it is generated as a byproduct during sewage sludge treatment.
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Tanaka, Yoshihar. "Waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine". Journal of Heat Recovery Systems 6, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-7593(86)90212-2.
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Subramanyam, S. "Utilization of the waste heat from internal combustion engines". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2, nr 4 (wrzesień 1989): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(89)90006-2.
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Martvoňová, Lucia, Mária Polačiková, Juraj Drga i Alexander Backa. "Design of an experimental device for preheating combustion air". MATEC Web of Conferences 345 (2021): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134500021.
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The principle of the proposed device is to use part of the waste heat, which otherwise leaves through the chimney unused into the air, to preheat the combustion air. reducing chimney losses and preheating the combustion air will increase the efficiency of the heat source. the device is actually a gravity loop heat pipe with an evaporating part located behind the furnace and a condensing part in the combustion air supply duct. Heat transfer is realized by means of phase transformation of the working medium in the proposed device.
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Pane, Erlanda Augupta, Hendri Sukma, Arif Riyadi Tatak i Ismail. "The utilization of solid waste treatment for charcoal making and water heating by continuous incineration". E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702001.
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The utilization of solid waste incineration still has the low percentage, whereas the incineration can add the value of solid waste. This research conducted to analyse of solid waste incineration with methods that classified into two steps that are the analyse of requirement between solid waste and air supply to determine of mass and energy balance, and the pilot scale experiment to analyse the utilization of heat energy from solid waste incineration for charcoal making and water heating. The results show that the 12.5 kg solid waste mass request the 5.78 kg/h combustion rate to produce heat energy up to 134.4 kJ, where can transform 1 kg coconut shell to 500 g charcoal and increase the water temperature from 32°C to 62°C. The research will be continued with analyse of air supply for incineration process temperature increasing, which can determine the combustion rate that influences the heat energy product.
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Elmansy, Asmaa, N. Abdelmonem, Ahmed Shaaban i Amr Abdelghany. "Process Engineering Design of Tobacco wastes Incinerator with Utilization of Heat Energy from Combustion Gases". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2305, nr 1 (1.08.2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2305/1/012024.
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Abstract An integrated incineration unit was developed to handle tobacco waste within a processing plant in the Eastern Company, Egypt. In addition to the unit, subsequent utilization of the heat content of combustion gases was investigated. The incinerator design was tailored around the current process of solid waste combustion within the tobacco processing plants of the Eastern Company in 6th October City, Egypt. A feeding rate of 1 ton/hr of solid waste consisted of 50% mass of tobacco, 20% paper, and cartons, 20% wooden boxes, and 10% plastics. The volume occupied by the remaining ash after the incineration process would not exceed 5% of the feedstock. The overall material and energy balances were calculated based on a 25490 kg/hr combustion gas discharge with a heat content of 20.09 Gj/hr. Energy from flue gases would be utilized to generate saturated steam or produce hot water. The design included a fired-tube boiler capable of generating 7 ton/hr saturated steam at 185 °C and 10 bar. The temperature of the exhaust effluent combustion gases vented into the atmosphere had to stand at 200 °C to avoid penalties. Moreover, this effluent temperature is considered to be effective and efficient utilization of the heat content in the waste.
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Kushwah, Narendra, i S. K. Mahajan. "Utilization of waste heat generated from thermal power plants". Environment Conservation Journal 12, nr 3 (22.12.2011): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.120324.
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The present paper describes the main features of waste heat recovery. Waste heat is heat, which is generated in a process by way of fuel combustion or chemical reaction, and then “dumped” into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purpose. The energy lost in waste gases cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat could be recovered and loss minimized by adopting various measures as outlined in this paper.
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Liang, Youcai, Zhibin Yu i Wenguang Li. "A Waste Heat-Driven Cooling System Based on Combined Organic Rankine and Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles". Applied Sciences 9, nr 20 (11.10.2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204242.
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In this paper, a heat driven cooling system that essentially integrated an organic Rankine cycle power plant with a vapour compression cycle refrigerator was investigated, aiming to provide an alternative to absorption refrigeration systems. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem recovered energy from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines to produce mechanical power. Through a transmission unit, the produced mechanical power was directly used to drive the compressor of the vapour compression cycle system to produce a refrigeration effect. Unlike the bulky vapour absorption cooling system, both the ORC power plant and vapour compression refrigerator could be scaled down to a few kilowatts, opening the possibility for developing a small-scale waste heat-driven cooling system that can be widely applied for waste heat recovery from large internal combustion engines of refrigerated ships, lorries, and trains. In this paper, a model was firstly established to simulate the proposed concept, on the basis of which it was optimized to identify the optimum operation condition. The results showed that the proposed concept is very promising for the development of heat-driven cooling systems for recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines’ exhaust gas.
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Gabitov, R. N., O. B. Kolibaba, D. A. Dolinin i M. M. Chizhikova. "Improvement of efficiency of pyrolysis processing of municipal solid waste". Vestnik IGEU, nr 2 (30.04.2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.2.019-027.
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The disposal of waste by direct combustion method is prohibited in the Russian Federation due to the negative impact on the environment. An alternative option is solid waste pyrolysis technology, which allows not only to significantly reduce the amount of waste that requires disposal, but also to obtain various types of energy carriers. Existing installations allow recycling waste with humidity up to 30–35 %. An increase of humidity over 40 % requires additional energy sources for the drying process. To increase the efficiency of waste recycling by pyrolysis, it is necessary to improve the technology and to design an energy-efficient waste disposal plant. The use of the heat of combustion products in the heat exchanger to heat the air going into the drying chamber will increase the range of processing of wet waste. To determine the efficiency of the furnace for thermal waste disposal, the method of material and thermal balance is used. It allows determining the efficiency of the installation and selecting its operating mode with its maximum value. The paper proposes a new design of a waste disposal furnace with separate drying and pyrolysis chambers, as well as a mathematical model based on the equations of thermal and material balance. The design feature of the installation allows you to organize the controlled drying of wet waste and reduce losses with combustion products by using a heat exchanger for air heating. The proposed installation allows the waste recycling process to be carried out at a relative humidity of 0 to 60 % without additional energy sources. The efficiency of the waste varies from 61,5 to 80 % when the plant is operating on dry waste and from 42 to 62 % when operating on wet waste.
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Sharma, Aashish, Ajay Chauhan, Himanshu Nautiyal, Varun i Pushpendra Kumar Sharma. "Improvement in Thermal Efficiency of a CI Engine Using a Waste Heat Recovery Technique". Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 4, nr 1 (5.05.2015): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2015.4.1.748.
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A big portion of the heat supplied to an internal combustion (IC) engine is not converted into work and wasted through the exhaust gases in surroundings. If this heat is recovered or used by some means then improvement can be obtained in engine’s overall efficiency. In the present work, an experimental work is carried out to study the effect of waste heat recovery of exhaust gas in a Compression Ignition (CI) engine. The results show that considerable reduction in engine fuel consumption can be obtained with the help of exhaust heat recovery through a heat exchanger. A significant amount of heat of exhaust gases can be recovered by vaporization of fuel using a heat exchanger.
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Tian, Zhong Jun, Shi Ping Jin, Tan Li, Zhen Biao Hao i Wu Qi Wen. "The Feasibility Analysis of Applying SCR Technology to Regenerative Combustion System". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 1747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1747.
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The regenerative combustion technology has been widely used in the recovery of flue gas waste heat, but the denitration is not considered. This article is based on the comprehensive application of the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology and the regenerative combustion technology to recycling waste heat and removing NOx from flue gas. In many industrial heating processes, the temperature of flue gas falls from above 1000°C to the ambient temperature (50°C-100°C) along regenerators, while the temperature window of most catalysts ranges from 200°C to 450°C, meanwhile catalysts and regenerative cells are porous mediums, so the regenerative cells that hold a temperature range for catalytic reactions can be replaced by catalysts, and the waste heat of flue gas can be recovered and the nitrogen oxides can be removed simultaneously.
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Baldini, Andrea, Luca Cerofolini, Daniele Fiaschi, Giampaolo Manfrida i Lorenzo Talluri. "Thermodynamic Assessment on the Integration of Thermo-Electric Modules in a Wood Fireplace". Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, nr 4 (1.12.2019): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0056.
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Abstract The growing demand for electricity produced from renewable sources and the development of new technologies for the combustion of biomass, arose a growing interest on the possible coupling of thermoelectric modules with stove-fireplaces. The current thermoelectric generators have a solid structure, do not produce noise, do not require maintenance and can be used for the recovery of waste heat or excess, at the same time they hold a very low conversion efficiency and they need an adequate cooling system. Nevertheless, they still hold a cost, which is still too high to make them attractive. Nonetheless, if the modules are applied to a heat source which otherwise would be wasted, the attractiveness of the solution certainly rises. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of a stove-fireplace is presented, considering both combustion process and the flame – walls heat transfer of the. A design solution for a concentrator device to funnel the wasted heat from the fireplace to the thermo-electric modules is also presented.
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Aydogan, Hasan, A. Engin Ozcelik, Mustafa Acaroglu i Hakan Işik. "A Study on Generating Electricity by Using Exhaust Waste Heat in a Diesel Engine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (listopad 2013): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.858.
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Internal combustion engines are widely used in our day. Internal combustion engines first transform fuel energy into heat energy. Afterwards, approximately 30% of this heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Approximately 5% of the heat energy is expelled through friction and radiation, 30% through cooling and 35% through the exhaust system. In the present study, electricity was generated by using thermoelectric equipment and the waste heat expelled from the exhaust system. It was observed that as the exhaust temperature increased, the amount of electricity generated also increased.
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Poure, Philippe, i Mashiul Huq. "Thermoelectric Generator for Waste Energy Recovery in Transport". Energies 15, nr 21 (28.10.2022): 8006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218006.
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Dweck, Jo, L. C. Morais, J. C. Meneses i Pedro M. Büchler. "Thermal Analysis of Municipal Sludge Waste Combustion". Materials Science Forum 530-531 (listopad 2006): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.740.
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Municipal sludge waste combustion was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), to better understand the two main stages which occur during the combustion process, and to evaluate how much of the total and significant generated heat is released is during each combustion stage. A method to measure the lower heating value (LHV) on a dried basis was developed from the TG/DTA data and it was applied to the whole process and to each combustion stage. Chemical analysis of the residual products after each step shows that nitrogen organic compounds are burnt only from 350°C to 550°C, and that the organics which are released and burnt in the previous step, which begins by 150°C, present a heating value of about 32MJ/kg. The nitrogen containing compounds present a lower LHV.
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Zhou, Ke, Wen Qiang Fan, Yang Fu, Wen Pu Yuan i Xiao Xiao Lin. "The Innovation of Miniaturized Continuous Efficient Refuse Disposal System". Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (lipiec 2013): 1400–1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1400.
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There are mainly three measures for waste disposal: combustion, landfill and composting. Among them, combustion is believed to be the most efficient way. It is the most convenient way to reduce the amount of waste at utmost. Meanwhile, it is not only harmless, but contributes useful heat source. Therefore, most of developed countries employed combustion in waste disposal. Today, China is contributing 30 percent of the waste in the world; however, landfilling is still the most common way for waste disposal. To change this situation, the government of China has taken steps to generalize the use of combustion in waste disposal. Besides the policies by the government, another exciting thing is that the Beijing Honyuanmao CO. Ltd. Of environmental protection machinery successfully invented an advanced miniaturized continuous efficient refuse disposal system. after three years investigation. This invention finds a new way to develop environment friendly society, green economics and cyclic economics.
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Klačková, Ivana, Richard Lenhard i Michal Holubčík. "Heat Production in Considering Boilers and their Influence on CO and NOx Emission Values". MATEC Web of Conferences 357 (2022): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235707002.
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At present, there is a tendency to make greater use of hot water heat sources for the combustion of solid fuels, such as lump wood, coal, coke, instead of heat sources for the combustion of natural gas. This tendency is due to the high price of natural gas as well as the availability of cheaper solid fuel. In many cases, as part of saving on heating costs, respectively. as part of waste disposal, municipal waste of various compositions is also co-incinerated with solid fuel. This co-incineration entails increased emissions, such as CO (carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides), TZL (particulate matter), PM10, HCl (hydrogen chloride), PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and others which, with a relatively large number of heat sources for the combustion of solid fuel in municipalities, have a significant impact on the quality of the environment in the locality. Between the population and representatives of the state administration as in Žilina, Thus, the Moravian-Silesian Region also lacks awareness of how the environment is degraded due to the co-incineration of solid fuel and municipal waste. At present, there is no qualitative comparison of the effect of combustion of solid fuel and municipal fuel waste to the emission burden on the environment. There are no real measured emission factors for determining the production of the above emissions from the co-incineration of solid fuels and a certain amount of municipal waste. The combustion of fossil fuels and the consequent occurrence of harmful emissions on the environment are therefore becoming a central theme of current heating technology.
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Nemś, Artur, Mikołaj Simiński, Magdalena Nemś i Tomasz Magiera. "Analysis of car waste heat recovery system utilizing thermoelectric generator". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, nr 6 (30.06.2018): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.144.
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This paper presents a calculation algorithm for a thermoelectric generator fitted in the exhaust system of a combustion engine. The viability of the presented calculation method was verified on an actual combustion engine. The calculations were performed for a BMW engine, and the generator design was based on a prototype from the same manufacturer. The paper includes calculations of the thermal cycle and of the parameters of exhaust gases from the engine. Subsequent calculations cover heat transfer from exhaust gases to the thermoelectric module and the amount of electric energy obtained from a series of modules. In the last part, the focus is on the influence of engine speed on the performance of the thermoelectric generator.
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Erdiwansyah, Mahidin, Husni Husin, Muhammad Faisal, Muhtadin, Asri Gani, R. E. Sardjono i Rizalman Mamat. "The Modification of the Perforated Plate in the Fluidized-Bed Combustor to Analyze Heat Convection Rate and Temperature". Journal of Combustion 2021 (25.11.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4084162.
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Investigation of combustion temperature through experiments with a wide range of fuels, both solid and liquid, is continuously being conducted by scientists around the world, while the measurement of heat transfer rate can be analyzed when the combustion process occurs. Previous research has generally been conducted using liquefied gas, fossil fuels, and alcohol additives. Specifically, the research in this work investigated the convection heat rate and combustion temperature through the modification of the perforated plate. The experiment was conducted in the fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) fuel chamber using solid waste fuel of oil palm biomass. Measurements were performed at four different points using the HotTemp HT-306 Digital Thermometer. The results of the experiment showed that the convection heat rate in measurement one (M-I) reached 8.258 W/m2 for palm kernel shell (PKS) fuel. Meanwhile, in measurement two (M-II), the convection rate of 7.392 W/m2 was produced by oil palm midrib (OPM) fuel. The highest combustion temperature was recorded with OPM fuel (884°C) at M-I. However, the combustion temperature of the PKS combustion process is higher at 896°C but shows a less good trend than OPM. Overall, the measurement results of the three types of fuel used to modify the perforated plate applied in the FBC fuel chamber are excellent. It can be proven that the fuel is put into the combustion chamber with nothing left.
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Zimmerman, Nathan, Konstantinos Kyprianidis i Carl-Fredrik Lindberg. "Waste Fuel Combustion: Dynamic Modeling and Control". Processes 6, nr 11 (13.11.2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6110222.
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The focus of this study is to present the adherent transients that accompany the combustion of waste derived fuels. This is accomplished, in large, by developing a dynamic model of the process, which can then be used for control purposes. Traditional control measures typically applied in the heat and power industry, i.e., PI (proportional-integral) controllers, might not be robust enough to handle the the accompanied transients associated with new fuels. Therefore, model predictive control is introduced as a means to achieve better combustion stability under transient conditions. The transient behavior of refuse derived fuel is addressed by developing a dynamic modeling library. Within the library, there are two models. The first is for assessing the performance of the heat exchangers to provide operational assistance for maintenance scheduling. The second model is of a circulating fluidized bed block, which includes combustion and steam (thermal) networks. The library has been validated using data from a 160 MW industrial installation located in Västerås, Sweden. The model can predict, with satisfactory accuracy, the boiler bed and riser temperatures, live steam temperature, and boiler load. This has been achieved by using process sensors for the feed-in streams. Based on this model three different control schemes are presented: a PI control scheme, model predictive control with feedforward, and model predictive control without feedforward. The model predictive control with feedforward has proven to give the best performance as it can maintain stable temperature profiles throughout the process when a measured disturbance is initiated. Furthermore, the implemented control incorporates the introduction of a soft-sensor for measuring the minimum fluidization velocity to maintain a consistent level of fluidization in the boiler for deterring bed material agglomeration.
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Li, Wen-Kai, yong-kang Qian i Xin-yu Qian. "Simulation of Combustion Performance of High Salinity Organic Waste Liquid Incinerator". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2364, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2364/1/012033.
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Abstract High-salinity organic waste liquid is one of the important industrial pollution sources and the main by-product of petrochemical enterprises in China. Incineration is the mainstream technology for treating this kind of waste liquid. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a practical 18t/h waste liquid incinerator was carried out using Fluent. The velocity, temperature, component concentration and particle trajectory distribution in the incinerator were obtained, proposing a corresponding incinerator performance optimization scheme according to the simulation results. The results demonstrate that the numerical combustion model established in this paper can accurately simulate the distribution of flow, combustion and heat transfer in the incinerator, verifying the reliability of the numerical model; The overall temperature and flow field organization of this type of waste liquid incinerator is relatively reasonable, with heat exchange reported only in the flue corner and some heat exchange surfaces. The flow field and temperature field distribution in the incinerator can be effectively modified so as to improve the boiler operation and maintenance cycle by optimizing the corner flow line and furnace structure.
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Semenova, E. V., V. M. Larionov i Yu V. Vankov. "THERMODYNAMIC AND ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOLID FUEL PULSATING COMBUSTION IN A HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR TYPE DEVICE". Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, nr 5-6 (5.08.2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-5-6-141-147.
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One of the perspective applications of pulsating combustion is the utilization of industrial waste. There is a mathematical model and the results of calculating the frequency and amplitude of acoustic gas oscillations in a Helmholtz resonator type device using solid fuel. In this paper, pulsating combustion is considered as a result of the interaction of acoustic oscillations with the process of heat release in the combustion zone. It is shown that the frequency and amplitude of gas oscillations, the amplitude and phase of the heat release rate pulsations, the acoustic energy generated in the combustion zone are interrelated quantities.
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Ismail, Meor Mohd Rizal, Jazair Yahya Wira, Aminuddin Abu i Mohd Azman Zainul Abidin. "Thermal Energy Harvesting From Automotive Waste Heat". Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (maj 2012): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.498.
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The objective of this study was to determine the best method for waste thermal energy recovery from internal combustion engine (ICE). There are several technologies that can be used to accomplish this objective such as turbocharger, combined turbines, Stirling engine, Seebeck effect and Rankine cycle. Two elements that need to be taken into consideration in order to choose the best technology for waste heat recovery system are the complexity of the system and the method to utilize waste heat energy from engine. After a reviewing some of past research work, it was determined that Rankine cycle appears to be one of the best technology to recover waste heat from ICE. Improved design in Rankine cycle configuration and selection of the highest evaporation enthalpy working fluid are said to be necessary. This study finally proposed that future related research should focus on recovering waste heat from the engine waste heat (engine block) only. This is predicted to give an additional power output of approximately 10%.
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Kropiwnicki, Jacek, i Mariusz Furmanek. "Application of Stirling engine for recovery energy from exhaust gas". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, nr 9 (30.09.2018): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.290.
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Stirling engine is device generating mechanical energy without combustion fuel inside cylinder. This fact allows to supply engine from any power source. Example of such energy source can be solar radiation, combustion low-calorie carbon in outside combustion chamber or waste heat from other device like combustion engine mounted in bus or lorry. Use that kind of device in car allows to reduce fuel consumption through increase of efficiency of utilization thermal energy produced in combustion engine. The paper presents commercial solution of Stirling engines powered by waste energy and project of conceptual Stirling engine type alpha powered by flue gases from truck. The initial analysis results of hydraulic resistance in that engine have been also included.
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WOJCIECHOWSKI, Krzysztof, Jerzy MERKISZ, Paweł FUĆ, Joanna TOMANKIEWICZ, Rafał ZYBAŁA, Juliusz LESZCZYŃSKI, Piotr LIJEWSKI i Paweł NIERODA. "Prototypical thermoelectric generator for waste heat conversion from combustion engines". Combustion Engines 154, nr 3 (1.09.2013): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116986.
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The work presents experimental results of performance tests and theoretical calculations for the thermoelectric generator TEG fitted in the exhaust system of a 1.3 dm3 JTD engine. Benchmark studies were carried out to analyze the performance of the thermoelectric modules and total TEG efficiency. Additionally the investigation of combustion engine’s power drop casued by exhaust gasesflow resistance is presented. The detailed studies were performed using a new prototype of the thermoelectric generator TEG equipped with 24 BiTe/SbTe modules with the total nominal power of 168 W. The prototypical device generates maximal power of200 Wfor the exhaus gases massflow rate of 170 kg-h-1 and temperature of280 oC. Power drop caused by the flow resistance of gases ranges between 15 and 35 mbarfor mass flow rate 100-180 kg-h-1. We predict that the application of the new thermoelectric materials recently developed at AGH would increase the TEG power by up to 1 kW, would allow the increase of the powertrain system efficiency by about 5 %, and a corresponding reduction of C02 emission.
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Polygalov, S. V., G. V. Ilyinykh i V. N. Korotaev. "Control Properties of Solid Fuels from Waste". Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, nr 10 (5.10.2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-10-18-23.
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Field and laboratory studies of the composition and properties of solid municipal waste have been performed, on the basis of which the quantity and quality of the recovered secondary raw materials and "tailings" of sorting, which are used as energy fraction or solid fuel from waste, are simulated. The elemental composition for dry ashless (combustible) mass for all considered variants of solid fuelcomposition from wastes is calculated. Presented is the ratio C: O and heat of combustion on a dry basis for different versions of solid fuel composition from waste. For comparison, the C: O ratio is shown for various components of solid fuel from waste: for synthetic materials (polymers, rubber) and for biodegradable materials (organic waste, waste paper, wood).