Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Waste combustion heat

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Waste combustion heat”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 23 sierpnia 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Waste combustion heat"

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Aladayleh, Wail, and Ali Alahmer. "Recovery of Exhaust Waste Heat for ICE Using the Beta Type Stirling Engine." Journal of Energy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495418.

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This paper investigates the potential of utilizing the exhaust waste heat using an integrated mechanical device with internal combustion engine for the automobiles to increase the fuel economy, the useful power, and the environment safety. One of the ways of utilizing waste heat is to use a Stirling engine. A Stirling engine requires only an external heat source as wasted heat for its operation. Because the exhaust gas temperature may reach 200 to 700°C, Stirling engine will work effectively. The indication work, real shaft power and specific fuel consumption for Stirling engine, and the exhaust power losses for IC engine are calculated. The study shows the availability and possibility of recovery of the waste heat from internal combustion engine using Stirling engine.
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Castaldi, Marco J., Jeff LeBlanc, and Anthony Licata. "The Case for Waste to Energy." Mechanical Engineering 144, no. 4 (2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2022-jul2.

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Abstract There is a better way of handling MSW that is not or cannot be recycled: thermal conversion, also called waste to energy. These facilities feed waste into a combustion chamber with air and incinerate it. The heat released from combustion produces steam for use in a district heat network, or to generate electricity, or do both in combined heat and power systems. In addition to enabling the heat content of the MSW to be recovered, combustion reduces its final volume by more than 90 percent, thus decreasing the need for landfills.
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Spisak, Jan, Dusan Nascak, and Daniela Cuchtova. "Conception Of Innovated System For Waste Disposal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 5 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p35.

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Every year wastes are becoming a bigger problem which every individual or government must take note and solve it on the fly. If certain energy standards are fulfilled, the waste recovery in incineration plants or similar technological devices is possible. This measure should lead to more efficient waste combustion and its energy recovery. In our conditions, this can be achieved so that the heat generated during combustion will be also used to generate electricity respectively thermal energy. For a more efficient and optimal waste treatment was proposed a three-stage combustion system concept.
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Shin, Jong-Seon, Dowon Shun, Churl-Hee Cho, Yujin Choi, and Dal-Hee Bae. "The Characteristics of the After-Combustion in a Commercial CFBC Boiler Using the Solid Waste Fuel." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155507.

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A CFBC (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor) boiler for combusted SRF (Solid Refused Fuel) is designed for solid waste combustion and power generation. The boiler consumes about 200 tons/day of SRF and generates 60 ton/h of steam or 10 MWe in electricity. The boiler is designed to burn pelletized waste fuel made of municipal solid waste collected from a town with a population of 400,000. Heat and mass balance calculations over the combustor and at each boiler section were performed and compared between the designed and measured data to analyze the boiler’s performance. After-combustion, the most significant phenomenon in low-density waste-derived fuel combustion in a CFBC boiler was monitored. The heat and mass balance were the most appropriate tools to analyze the boiler performance. The flow rate of spray water at the de-superheater was a reliable indicator to quantify the after-combustion. The design modification of the boiler unit for after-combustion control in the existing boiler was based on the quantification of spray water. The load distribution of the de-superheater decreases from 1.76% to 0.87% in 89% MCR before the installation of the evaporator and 82* % MCR load distribution of each boiler part after installation. The result was effective for the control of after-combustion in the existing boiler.
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Ismagilov, Z. R. "Catalytic Combustion for Heat Production and Environmental Protection." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 4 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj574.

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Processes and apparatuses for catalytic combustion of fuels for heat production and for treatment of wastes for environment protection are described. Special attention is paid to processes of treatment of mixed<br />radioactive organic waste in a fluidized catalyst bed and for environmentally safe catalytic technology for the utilization of liquid rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and wastes, containing it.
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Am, Chaerul Qalbi. "AN OVERVIEW ON UTILIZATION OF NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION FLUE." OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas 3, no. 1 (2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52162/jie.2020.003.01.2.

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A brief overview and comparison of methods to utilize the Natural Gas Combustion Flue stream. An increase in natural gas usage as fuel and its unique combustion characteristics call for specific waste heat optimization methods. Successful natural gas combustion flue waste heat utilization methods exhibit certain phenomenons. From the overview, it is also discovered that the common waste heat method can be applied to natural gas combustion flue, although the specific condition is required. This paper divides the methods into three categories, non-contact heat exchanger, direct-contact heat exchanger, and thermoelectric generations. Discussions on the result and what affects it are present as well as further studies that can be conducted to expand our scope of knowledge of the subject.
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Chen, Kuo Wei. "The Modulation Study of Emulsified Heavy Oil from Liquid Waste after Pyrolysis of Waste Rubber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.45.

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The present research was involved in forming Modulation, Atomizing temperature, adding proportion etc. In addition to ameliorate heat value and Combustion stability of the Emulsified heavy oil modulated from liquid waste after the waste rubber pyrolysis in resource chemical plant. Solve waste rubbers pyrolysis process liquid wastes generated problems This study explored optimal condition of Emulsified heavy oil modulation based on relevant tests to enhance its heat value and combustion stability for optimal utilization of emulsified fuel. The results can serve as a reference to the Emulsified heavy oil modulation process design and mixing with liquids waste. The main component of the formula is an emulsion, Surfactant as emulsion to make the fuel oil uniformly mix with liquid waste. Besides finding a suitable formula, this study also conducted analysis on product property and developed technique to improve process and product property, as an important reference for future studies.
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Kaiser, Sascha, Markus Nickl, Christina Salpingidou, Zinon Vlahostergios, Stefan Donnerhack, and Hermann Klingels. "Investigations of the synergy of Composite Cycle and intercooled recuperation." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1252 (2018): 869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.46.

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ABSTRACTThe synergistic combination of two promising engine architectures for future aero engines is presented. The first is the Composite Cycle Engine, which introduces a piston system in the high pressure part of the core engine, to utilise closed volume combustion and high temperature capability due to instationary operation. The second is the Intercooled Recuperated engine that employs recuperators to utilise waste heat from the core engine exhaust and intercooler to improve temperature levels for recuperation and to reduce compression work. Combinations of both architectures are presented and investigated for improvement potential with respect to specific fuel consumption, engine weight and fuel burn against a turbofan. The Composite Cycle alone provides a 15.6% fuel burn reduction against a turbofan. Options for adding intercooler were screened, and a benefit of up to 1.9% fuel burn could be shown for installation in front of a piston system through a significant, efficiency-neutral weight decrease. Waste heat can be utilised by means of classic recuperation to the entire core mass flow before the combustor, or alternatively on the turbine cooling bleed or a piston engine bypass flow that is mixed again with the main flow before the combustor. As further permutation, waste heat can be recovered either after the low pressure turbine – with or without sequential combustion – or between the high pressure and low pressure turbine. Waste heat recovery after the low pressure turbine was found to be not easily feasible or tied to high fuel burn penalties due to unfavourable temperature levels, even when using sequential combustion or intercooling. Feasible temperature levels could be obtained with inter-turbine waste heat recovery but always resulted in at least 0.3% higher fuel burn compared to the non-recuperated baseline under the given assumptions. Consequently, only the application of an intercooler appears to provide a considerable benefit for the examined thermodynamic conditions in the low fidelity analyses of various engine architecture combinations with the specific heat exchanger design. Since the obtained drawbacks of some waste heat utilisation concepts are small, innovative waste heat management concepts coupled with the further extension of the design space and the inclusion of higher fidelity models may achieve a benefit and motivate future investigations.
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Holubčík, Michal, Nikola Kantová, Jozef Jandačka, and Zuzana Kolková. "Alternative solid fuels combustion in small heat source." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816808002.

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Air quality is related to the using of solid fuel based heat sources in which the human factor has a major influence on the quality of combustion, which can lead to higher emissions into the air. One of the negative factors is the use of alternative fuels in heat sources. The article deals with the combustion of various alternative fuels, on a waste basis, in small heat sources. There were tested 4 types of fuels: beech wood pieces, 2 types of solid alternative fuel on the base of municipal waste and wood waste. In the experiment, it was tested the influence of used fuel in the fireplace on the heat output, efficiency, production of gaseous emissions and particulate matter. The results confirmed that combustion of fuels not recommended by the heat source manufacturer reduces the efficiency of combustion and significantly increases all monitored emissions.
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Li, Gang, Zilin Li, Taikun Yin, et al. "Drying biomass using waste heat from biomass ash by means of heat carrier." BioResources 17, no. 3 (2022): 5243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.5243-5254.

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Agricultural and forestry biomass direct-fired power generation represents an important technology to promote low-carbon energy transition and sustainable development. To solve the problems of boiler output fluctuation caused by unstable combustion of high moisture content biomass and insufficient recovery of ash waste heat after combustion, steel heat carriers (HC) were used to absorb high-temperature ash (HTA) waste heat, and then HC was directly mixed with high moisture biomass for dewatering and drying. The thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery decreased with the increase of ash temperature, and the highest thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery was 77.4% at a heat-carrying spheres temperature (THC) of 600 °C and a mixing mass ratio of 3. Through the optimization of waste heat recovery and mixed drying process, at a biomass ash temperature of 800°C, 1 kg of ash was able to dry 0.75 kg of high moisture content biomass, resulting in a reduction in fuel moisture by about 10%.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Waste combustion heat"

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Sørum, Lars. "Environmental aspects of municipal solid waste combustion." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1488.

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Mears, Kevin S. "Water distillation using waste engine heat from an internal combustion engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36725.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 36).<br>To meet the needs of forward deployed soldiers and disaster relief personnel, a mobile water distillation system was designed and tested. This system uses waste engine heat from the exhaust flow of an internal combustion engine to vaporize water for the purpose of removing impurities. The vapor is condensed back down to water in a finned condenser that experiences forced convection. The system pumps heat transfer oil through a 0.61 meter long, cross flow, annulus-type heat exchanger installed over a section of exhaust pipe where the oil experiences a AT of 7°C. The hot heat transfer oil is then piped to a boiler where it releases its heat to the water and returns to the exhaust heat exchanger to be reheated. Testing demonstrated that the system has a heat up time of 30 minutes, and a steady state distillation rate of 2 gallons per hour. In steady state, the system removes and transfers heat from the exhaust at a rate of 4600 Watts.<br>by Kevin S. Mears.<br>S.B.
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Gewald, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Waste heat recovery of stationary internal combustion engines for power generation / Daniela Gewald." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045987735/34.

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Owen, Ross P. "Modeling, Analysis, and Open-Loop Control of an Exhaust Heat Recovery System for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316012649.

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Milkov, Nikolay. "Waste heat recovery from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by means of Rankine cycle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1149/document.

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Cette étude est motivée par la protection de l'environnement et la réduction des émissions de CO2 émis par les moteurs à combustion interne. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier les possibilités de la réduction de la consommation de carburant d'un moteur diesel d’automobile grâce à la récupération de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement basée sur un cycle de Rankine. Afin de déterminer l'énergie perdue, le moteur a été testé sur un banc d’essais et les paramètres des gaz d’échappement ont été mesurés. Un modèle de simulation du moteur a également été développé et validé grâce aux résultats expérimentaux. Le potentiel de récupération de chaleur sur les gaz d’échappement et sur le refroidissement a été estimé. Cette analyse a révélé que le potentiel sur les gaz d’échappement est plus élevé que celui sur le refroidissement. Grâce au modèle numérique et aux essais, la puissance et l'efficacité du cycle de Rankine ont été étudiées. Enfin, l'impact du système de récupération d’énergie sur les performances du moteur a été analysé. Les résultats montrent que la puissance du moteur augmente de 4,3% au point de puissance maximale du moteur<br>This study is motivated by the environment protection and the reduction of emissions CO2 from internal combustion engines. The aim of the thesis is to study the possibilities of fuel consumption reduction of a diesel engine intended for a passenger car by means of waste heat recovery from exhaust gases based on thermodynamic cycle (Rankine cycle). In order to determine the waste heat, the engine was tested on a test bench as the exhaust parameters were measured. A simulation model of the engine has also been developed and validated by means of experimental results. The recovery potential of the exhaust gases and the cooling system has been estimated. This analysis revealed that the waste heat recovery potential of the exhaust gases is higher that the cooling sys-tem. By means of Rankine cycle numerical model and experimental test, the output power and efficiency of the Rankine cycle were studied. Finally, the impact of the heat recovery system on engine performance was studied. The results revealed that the engine power increases by 4.3% at the operating point which corresponds to the maximum engine power<br>Това изследване е мотивирано от опазването на околната среда и намаляването на емисиите на CO2 от двигателите с вътрешно горене. Целта на дисертацията е да проучи възможнос-тите за намаляване на разхода на гориво на дизелов двигател, предназначен за лек автомо-бил, чрез рекупериране на енергия с цикъл на Ранкин. За да се определи неоползотворената енергия в отработилите газове бе използван изпитателен стенд. Симулационен модел на двигателя е разработен и валидиран чрез експерименталните резултати. Направена е оценка на потенциала за рекупериране на енергия от отработилите газове и охладителната система. Този анализ показва, че потенциала за рекупериране е по-голям в изпускателната система. С помощта на експериментален стенд и числен модел на цикъла на Ранкин са установени мощността и ефективността на системата. Въздействието на системата за рекупериране на енергия е изследвано. Данните показват, че мощността на двигателя се увеличава с до 4,3%
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Soleimanikutanaei, Soheil. "Modelling, Design, and Optimization of Membrane based Heat Exchangers for Low-grade Heat and Water Recovery." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3921.

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Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) is an innovative technology based on the property of a nano-scale porous material which can extract both waste heat and water from exhaust gases. This technology tremendously improves the efficiency of boilers and gas/coal combustors by lowering waste heat and increasing water recovery. Contaminants in the flue gases, such as CO2, O2, NOx, and SO2 are inhibited from passing through the membrane by the membrane’s high selectivity. The condensed water through these tubes is highly pure and can be used as the makeup water for many industrial applications. The goal of this research is to investigate the heat transfer, condensation rate, pressure drop and overall performance of crossflow heat exchangers. In this research, a numerical model has been developed to predict condensation of water vapor over and inside of nano-porous layers. Both capillary condensation inside the nanoscale porous structure of the TMC and the surface condensation were considered in the proposed method using a semi-empirical model. The transport of the water vapor and the latent heat of condensation were applied in the numerical model using the pertinent mass, momentum, turbulence and energy equations. By using the proposed model and simulation procedure, the effect of various inlet parameters such as inlet mass flow rate, inlet temperature, and water vapor content of the inlet flow on the performance of the cross-flow TMC heat exchanger was studied to obtain the optimum performance of the heat exchangers at different working conditions. The performance of the TMC heat exchangers for inlet flue gas rate 40 to 120 kg/h, inlet water rate 60 to 140 kg/h, inlet flue gas relative humidity 20 to 90%, and tube pitch ratio 0.25 to 2.25 has been studied. The obtained results show that the water condensation flux continuously increases with the increase of the inlet flue-gas flow rate, water flow rate, and the flue-gas humidity. The total heat flux also follows the same trend due to the pronounced effect of the latent heat transfer from the condensation process. The water condensation flux and the overall heat transfer increase at the beginning for small values of the tube pitches and then decreases as the tube pitch increases furthermore. In addition to the cross-flow TMC heat exchangers, the performance of a shell and tube TMC heat exchanger for high pressure and temperature oxy-combustion applications has been investigated. The performance analysis for a 6-heat exchanger TMC unit shows that heat transfer of the 2-stage TMC unit is higher than the 2-stage with the same number of the heat exchanger in each unit.
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Sham, Devin Krishna. "Analysis of exhaust waste heat recovery techniques from stationary power generation engines using organic rankine cycles." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072008-123311.

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Alshammari, Fuhaid. "Radial turbine expander design, modelling and testing for automotive organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16007.

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Since the late 19th century, the average temperature on Earth has risen by approximately 1.1 °C because of the increased carbon dioxide (CO2) and other man-made emissions to the atmosphere. The transportation sector is responsible for approximately 33% of the global CO2 emissions and 14% of the overall greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, increasingly stringent regulations in the European Union require CO2 emissions to be lower than 95 gCO₂/km by 2020. In this regard, improvements in internal combustion engines (ICEs)must be achieved in terms of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Given that only up to 35% of fuel energy is converted into mechanical power, the wasted energy can be reused through waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies. Consequently, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has received significant attention as a WHR technology because of its ability to recover wasted heat in low- to medium-heat sources. The Expansion machine is the key component in ORC systems, and its performance has a direct and significant impact on overall cycle efficiency. However, the thermal efficiencies of ORC systems are typically low due to low working temperatures. Moreover, supersonic conditions at the high pressure ratios are usually encountered in the expander due to the thermal properties of the working fluids selected which are different to water. Therefore, this thesis aims to design an efficient radial-inflow turbine to avoid further efficiency reductions in the overall system. To fulfil this aim, a novel design and optimisation methodology was developed. A design of experiments technique was incorporated in the methodology toexplorethe effects of input parameters on turbine performance and overall size. Importantly, performance prediction modelling by means of 1D mean-line modelling was employed in the proposed methodology to examine the performance of ORC turbines at constant geometries. The proposed methodology was validated by three methods: computational fluid dynamics analysis, experimental work available in the literature, and experimental work in the current project. Owing to the lack of actual experimental works in ORC-ICE applications, a test rig was built around a heavy-duty diesel engine at Brunel University London and tested at partial load conditions due to the requirement for a realistic off-high representation of the performance of the system rather than its best (design) point, while taking into account the limitation of the engine dynamometer employed. Results of the design methodology developed for this projectpresented an efficient single-stage high-pressure ratio radial-inflow turbine with a total to static efficiency of 74.4% and an output power of 13.6 kW.Experimental results showed that the ORC system had a thermal efficiency of 4.3%, and the brake-specific fuel consumption of the engine was reduced by 3%. The novel meanlineoff designcode (MOC) was validated with the experimental works from three turbines. In comparison with the experimental results conducted at Brunel University London, the predicted and measured results were in good agreement with a maximum deviation of 2.8%.
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Reddick, J. Christopher. "Energy improvements in the post-combustion CO2 capture process by means of ejectors." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10136.

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Le but principal de ce projet doctoral est de déterminer le potentiel d'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique du système de captage de carbone dans les stations thermiques de production d'électricité, par l'intégration optimale des éjecteurs monophasiques. Il s'agit du système de captage postcombustion du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) par absorption/désorption utilisant la monoéthanolamine (MEA). Les éjecteurs intégrés utilisent des rejets thermiques de 100 °C qu'on retrouve dans les stations thermiques de production d'électricité. La revalorisation de ces rejets permet la substitution partielle de vapeur de turbine à coût élevé, qui serait autrement prise de la centrale thermique. Le deuxième objectif de la thèse est d'évaluer expérimentalement la performance d'un éjecteur à vapeur où le fluide secondaire de l'éjecteur est un mélange de vapeur d'eau et d'un gaz non-condensable, dans le cas présent, le CO2. Deux tuyères d'éjecteur à vapeur, d'un diamètre de 4.60 mm et 4.23 mm, ont été évaluées sur une plage de niveaux de CO2 dans le fluide secondaire, jusqu'à environ 40% en masse. La pression primaire était maintenue à 450 kPa avec une surchauffe à 10 °C et la pression secondaire était de 70 kPa. On a constaté que la pression critique ne changeait pas à mesure que la fraction massique de CO2 dans le fluide secondaire augmentait. Cependant, le rapport d'entraînement a augmenté de façon linéaire sur la plage expérimentale. Une amélioration de 23% du rapport d'entraînement par rapport à la vapeur pure a été observée lorsque le fluide secondaire contient 42% de CO2 par masse. Ce comportement contraste nettement avec le comportement observé expérimentalement d'un éjecteur à vapeur pure, où une augmentation du rapport d'entraînement se produit au détriment d'une diminution de la pression critique. Trois articles détaillés ont été publiés sur divers scénarios d'intégration d'un éjecteur à vapeur dans un procédé de captage d'absorption/désorption. Le solvant de référence était de 20% en masse de monoéthanolamine (MEA). Trois configurations principales ont été étudiées, selon le choix du fluide utilisé pour produire la vapeur secondaire : éjecteur sur condensat, éjecteur sur pauvre ou éjecteur sur riche. La première publication de revue scientifique a porté sur le procédé de désorption et a présenté une méthode de raccourci basée sur les propriétés du mélange CO2-MEA-H2O à l'équilibre. Les simulations ont révélé des réductions dans la quantité requise d'énergie de haute qualité, de 10 à 25%. Un simulateur de procédé commercial, Aspen Plus, a été utilisé pour les deux autres publications. Dans la deuxième publication de revue scientifique, le module cinétique rate-based a été utilisé, au lieu du module d'équilibre, pour la modélisation de l'absorbeur et du désorbeur, permettant des évaluations énergétiques plus près des valeurs qu'on retrouve dans la littérature courante. Une étude a été réalisée pour comparer un scénario de préchauffage de la vapeur primaire par des rejets thermiques externes avec un scénario d'intégration de la chaleur interne. Cette deuxième publication a montré des économies d'énergie de haute qualité, de 10 à 14%, les scénarios avantageux ayant été «éjecteur sur condensat» et «éjecteur sur pauvre».<br>Abstract : The main goal of the doctoral project is to determine to what extent the optimal integration of single-phase ejectors might reduce the large amount of energy required to capture carbon dioxide from electric power generation facilities. More specifically, the objective is to determine if ejectors can be advantageously integrated into a post-combustion absorption/desorption carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process using monoethanolamine (MEA). The integrated ejectors will use waste heat of 100 °C from the electric power plant. The upgraded waste heat can partially replace valuable turbine steam that would otherwise be taken from the power plant. The second objective of the thesis is to experimentally evaluate the performance of a steam ejector where the ejector secondary fluid is a mixture of steam and a non-condensable gas, in this case CO2. Two steam ejector nozzles, of 4.60 mm and 4.23 mm diameter, were evaluated over a range of secondary fluid CO2 levels, up to 42% by mass. The primary pressure was maintained at 450 kPa with 10 °C superheat and the secondary pressure was 70 kPa. It was found that the critical exit pressure did not change as the mass fraction of CO2 in the secondary fluid increased. The entrainment ratio, however, increased approximately linearly over the experimental range. An improvement of 23% in the entrainment ratio, as compared with pure steam, was found when the secondary fluid contains 42% CO2 by mass. This behaviour is in sharp contrast to the experimentally observed behaviour of a pure steam ejector, where an increase in entrainment ratio comes at the expense of a decrease in the ejector exit critical pressure. Three published papers investigated various scenarios for the integration of a steam injector into an absorption/desorption post-combustion capture process. The reference solvent was 20% weight monoethanolamine (MEA). Three principal configurations were studied, according to the choice for the liquid flow used to produce the ejector secondary steam: ejector on condensate, ejector on lean or ejector on rich. The first journal publication focused on the desorption process and presented a shortcut method based on CO2-MEA-H2O equilibrium vapour liquid data. The simulations revealed reductions in the required amount of valuable energy from 10 to 25%. A commercial process simulator, Aspen Plus, was used for two other publications. In the second journal publication, the kinetic rate-based module was employed to model the absorber and desorber, providing energy evaluations closer to values in the open literature. A study was included comparing preheating the primary steam with waste heat or by heat integration. The rate-based simulation found valuable energy savings of 10 to 14%, with the "ejector on condensate" and "ejector on lean" again being the advantageous scenarios.
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Kleut, Petar. "Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/76807.

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Lately, car manufacturers have been put to a big challenge to reduce the CO2 emission of their entire fleets. Norms of pollutant emissions limit the ways to achieve the desired CO2 emission goals, as some of the solutions that would lead to lower CO2 emission also lead to higher pollutant emission. Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) could be a good solution to lower the CO2 emission of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) without increasing the pollutant emission. In the present thesis different WHR strategies are analysed and the results suggested it would be interesting to further study the Brayton cycle machine. Air Brayton Cycle (ABC) represents a way to recover a part of the heat energy of the ICE exhaust gases and transform it into mechanical energy. Recovered mechanical energy would then be returned to the crankshaft of the ICE, thereby reducing the amount of energy that has to be liberated by combustion of fuel which lowers the fuel consumption and CO2 emission. The study of ABC started with an analysis of the ideal cycle in order to obtain the theoretical maximum of the system. The study continued with an analysis of the semi ideal cycle where all losses are taken into account only by two efficiency coefficients. This analysis showed that for the diesel engine efficiency of the ABC is very low because of the low exhaust gas temperature. For the gasoline engine the cycle could be viable when the ICE is working under steady condition and higher load. These conditions could be fulfilled when the vehicle is driven on the highway. Detailed analysis was aimed at determining the cycle main losses. They were determined to be: pumping losses, losses caused by heat transfer and mechanical losses. Taking into account these main losses along with other direct and indirect losses it was concluded that the cycle is not viable for the types of the WHR machines that were considered in this study. In order for the cycle to be viable some other either existing or new machine type should be tested, that would lower the main losses and offer good isentropic and mechanical efficiency for desired conditions.<br>Últimamente los fabricantes de automóviles se han puesto el gran reto de reducir la emisión de CO2 en la totalidad de sus flotas. Las nuevas normativas para la reducción de las emisiones contaminantes limitan los medios para lograr los objetivos deseados en la emisión de CO2 porque algunas de las soluciones que llevan a la reducción en la emisión de CO2 también dan lugar a un incremento en la emisión de otros contaminantes. La recuperación de calor residual (WHR) podría ser una buena solución para reducir las emisiones de CO2 del motor de combustión interna (ICE) sin poner en peligro la emisión de contaminantes. En la presente Tesis se analizaron diferentes estrategias de WHR y se concluyó que sería interesante estudiar más a fondo la máquina de ciclo Brayton. El Ciclo Brayton de Aire (ABC) permite recuperar una parte del calor de los gases de escape del ICE y transformar este calor en energía mecánica. La energía mecánica recuperada se devuelve al cigüeñal del ICE, reduciendo de ese modo la cantidad de energía que tiene que ser liberada por la combustión del combustible, lo cual permite reducir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO2. En esta Tesis se estudia el ABC mediante un análisis del ciclo ideal con el fin de obtener el máximo teórico del sistema. El modelo se mejora con un análisis del ciclo semi-ideal donde se tienen en cuenta todas las pérdidas mediante el uso de dos coeficientes generales. Este análisis muestra que para el motor diesel la eficiencia del ciclo ABC es muy baja debido a la baja temperatura del gas de escape. Para el motor de gasolina el ciclo podría ser viable cuando el ICE está trabajando bajo condiciones estacionarias y una carga mayor. Estas condiciones se podrían cumplir cuando el vehículo está circulando en autopista. El análisis detallado de este ciclo tiene como objetivo determinar las pérdidas principales de ciclo. Las pérdidas principales se identificaron como: las pérdidas de bombeo, las pérdidas causadas por la transferencia de calor y las pérdidas mecánicas. Teniendo en cuenta estas pérdidas principales junto con otras pérdidas directas e indirectas, se concluyó que el ciclo no es viable para los tipos de máquinas WHR que fueron considerados en este estudio. Para que el ciclo sea viable se tiene que buscar alguna otra máquina existente o un nuevo tipo de máquina que reduzca las principales pérdidas y ofrezca un buen rendimiento isentrópico y mecánico para las condiciones deseadas.<br>Últimament els fabricants d'automòbils s'han posat el gran repte de reduir l'emissió de CO2 de la totalitat de les seues flotes. Les noves normatives de reducció de les emissions contaminants limiten els mitjans per assolir els objectius desitjats d'emissió de CO2 perquè algunes de les solucions que porten a la reducció en l'emissió de CO2 també donen lloc a un increment a l'emissió de altres contaminants. La recuperació de calor residual (WHR) podria ser una bona solució per reduir les emissions de CO2 del motor de combustió interna (ICE) sense posar en perill l'emissió de contaminants. En la present Tesi s'han analitzat diferents estratègies WHR i es va concloure que seria interessant estudiar més a fons el cicle Brayton. El Cicle Brayton d'Aire (ABC) representa una manera de recuperar una part de la calor dels gasos d'escapament de l'ICE i transformar calor a l'energia mecànica. L'energia mecànica recuperada es retorna al cigonyal de l'ICE reduint d'aquesta manera la quantitat d'energia que ha de ser alliberada per la combustió del combustible permitint la reducció del consum de combustible i les emissions de CO2. En aquesta Tesi s'ha començat estudiant un ABC amb una anàlisi del cicle ideal per tal d'obtenir el màxim teòric del sistema. Este model es millora amb una anàlisi del cicle semiideal on es tenen en compte totes les pèrdues amb tan sols dos coeficients d'eficiència. Aquesta anàlisi va mostrar que per al motor dièsel l'eficiència del cicle ABC és molt baixa a causa de la baixa temperatura del gas d'escapament. Per al motor de gasolina el cicle podria ser viable quan l'ICE està treballant sota condicions estacionàries i una càrrega més gran. Aquestes condicions es podrien complir quan el vehicle està circulant en autopista. L'anàlisi detallada del cicle va tenir com a objectiu determinar les pèrdues principals de cicle. Les pèrdues principals es van identificar com: les pèrdues de bombament, les pèrdues causades per la transferència de calor i les pèrdues mecàniques. Tenint en compte aquestes pèrdues principals juntament amb altres pèrdues directes i indirectes, es va concloure que el cicle no és viable per als tipus de màquines WHR que van ser considerats en aquest estudi. Perquè el cicle puga ser viable s'ha de buscar alguna altra màquina existent o un nou tipus de màquina que puga reduir les principals pèrdues i puga oferir un bon rendiment isentròpic i mecànic per a les condicions desitjades.<br>Kleut, P. (2016). Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/76807<br>TESIS
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Książki na temat "Waste combustion heat"

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Rising, Bruce. Emissions assessment for refuse-derived fuel combustion. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Sumanta, Acharya, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Heat Transfer Division., and International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (1994 : Chicago, Ill.), eds. Fire, combustion, and hazardous waste processing: Presented at 1994 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, November 6-11, 1994. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Steam Plant Committee., ed. Cost effective steam and power generation by the combustion of waste: Papers presented at a seminar organized by the Steam Plant Committee of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and held at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on 23 September 1993. Mechanical Engineering for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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Lyczkowski, Robert W. Thermo-Hydrodynamic Design of Fluidized Bed Combustors: Estimating Metal Wastage. Springer US, 2012.

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Cost Effective Steam and Power Generation by the Combustion of Waste. Wiley, 1993.

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Acharya, Sumanta. Fire, Combustion, and Hazardous Waste Processing: Presented at 1994 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, N (Ad). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994.

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Guigard, Selma E. Heat radiation from flares. Alberta Environment, 2000.

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Lyczkowski, Robert W., Walter F. Podolski, and Jacques X. Bouillard. Thermo-Hydrodynamic Design of Fluidized Bed Combustors: Estimating Metal Wastage. Springer, 2012.

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Części książek na temat "Waste combustion heat"

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Chandra, Krishn, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Oronzio Manca, and Andrea Unich. "Waste Heat Recovery Potential from Internal Combustion Engines Using Organic Rankine Cycle." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8418-0_11.

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Nejmiddin, Boughattas, Hadj Salah Wafa, Derbel Aymen, and Timoumi Yousef. "Sizing Models and Performance Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle System for Internal Combustion Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27146-6_93.

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Shinde, A. B., and S. N. Sapali. "Waste Heat Recovery from Walls of the Combustion Chamber of a New Portable Jaggery Plant to Dry Bagasse." In Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6360-7_39.

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Gotter, A., and E. Küpfer. "Efficiency improvement of internal combustion engines by waste heat recovery with rankine cycle and an advanced turbocharging principle." In Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2010. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10798-6_18.

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Mokone, E. R., T. Zvarivadza, and F. Sengani. "Effect of the Heat Input by Dolerite Intrusions and the Propensity for Spontaneous Combustion in the Highveld Coalfields, South Africa." In Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99903-6_4.

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Matheri, Anthony Njuguna, Belaid Mohamed, and Jane Catherine Ngila. "Smart Climate Resilient and Efficient Integrated Waste to Clean Energy System in a Developing Country: Industry 4.0." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_69.

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AbstractClimate change impacts a natural and human system on the entire globe. Climate-related extreme weather such as drought, floods, and heat waves alters the ecosystems that society depends on. Climate, land, energy, and water systems (CLEWS) are a critical aspect of high importance on resource availability, distribution, and interconnection. The nexus provides a set of guidelines to South Africa that aims on creating a level playing field for all sectors while achieving the aims of the SDGs that are cross-sectoral and multilevel approaches to climate change. The nexus expressed three domains that included resources, governance, and security. It integrated a smart climate resilient with inclusion of the governance and involvement of the stakeholders. Recognition of spatial and sector interdependencies should inform policies, investment and institutional for enhancing nexus security and climate change towards making transition green carbon deals. The nexus offers an integrated approach that analyzes the trade-offs and synergies between the different sectors in order to maximize the efficiency of using the resources that adapt institutional and optimum policy arrangements. Economic transformation and creation of employment through green economy is one of the COP26 green deal agendas in curbing the carbon emissions (green house emission, industrial processes, fuel combustion, and fugitive emissions) as mitigation to climate change, which is cost-effective and economically efficient. The future climate change policy in the developing countries is likely to be both promoted by climate technology transfer and public-private cooperation (cross-sector partnership) through the technology mechanism of the nexus and inclusion of the gender.
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Mochida, S., T. Abe, T. Yasuda, and A. K. Gupta. "Combined Heat and Power System with Advanced Gasification Technology for Biomass Wastes." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_111.

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"Waste Heat Recovery." In Combustion Engineering and Gas Utilisation. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315024714-14.

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"Combustion Calculations." In Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17519-2.

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"Combustion Calculations." In Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17519-4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Waste combustion heat"

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Virr, Michael J. "Combined Heat and Power Burning Coal Waste in ICFB." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78095.

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The problem of burning coal waste to low emissions has existed for some time, although the larger boiler suppliers have installed successful designs for some years typically in the range of 40–80 MW’s. The author has been developing small automated fluid bed boiler plants for some 25 years, which can be successfully applied in the range of 10,000–140,000 lbs/hr of steam.
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Unnthorsson, Runar, Halldor Palsson, and Rikey Huld Magnusdottir. "Waste-Heat for Pre-Heating Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89591.

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The pre-heating of engine coolant using electrical and fuel-based pre-heaters has been practiced for decades. There are many valid reasons for pre-heating engines such as increasing fuel economy, reducing pollution from combustion, reducing engine wear and increasing comfort. Those reasons are particularly true in colder climates where cars are used for short trips of up to 10 minutes or 5 kilometers. In this paper an unconventional approach for pre-heating engines before starting is studied. The pre-heating is accomplished by assuming storage of a certain amount of the engine’s hot coolant in an insulated storage system when not operating the vehicle, and pumping it back into the engine’s coolant system before restarting. The approach does not rely on external power sources, except for control and pumping of the coolant. The paper presents results from experimental tests made to evaluate the approach. The experimental tests were run with different settings. In one setting the system produced an average of 26 kW for fifty seconds (peaking at 41 kW). This power is considerably higher than the 2–6 kW provided by common commercial electrical and fuel-powered pre-heaters. Although 50 second pre-heating using the approach presented here will not match all commercial systems using 8–10 minutes heating time, the approach has room for improvement.
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Jeihouni, Yousef, Michael Franke, Klaus Lierz, Dean Tomazic, and Peter Heuser. "Waste Heat Recovery for Locomotive Engines Using the Organic Rankine Cycle." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1015.

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Locomotive engines are emitting high levels of exhaust gas emissions and substantial amount of particulates which is thought to have significant global warming potential. In the past years locomotive regulations have been implemented in the United States to control the emission in this application. Also it can be observed that engine emitted carbon dioxides (CO2) will be limited soon for all on-road engine categories to meet the Green House Gases (GHG) norms. Tier 4 standards apply to locomotives since the beginning of 2015 for newly built or remanufactured engines. NOx and particulate limits have been reduced by around 70% compared to the Tier 3 standards requiring significant advancements in engine technology and / or exhaust aftertreatment solutions. EGR technology is an option to reduce NOx emissions to Tier 4 locomotive standards indeed of its impact on engine fuel consumption as well as the emitted CO2 gas, which may be controlled either by future CO2 or fuel consumption standards. To cope with this challenge, new engine technology concepts need to be developed. A waste heat recovery system is a beneficial solution to recover the wasted energies from different heat sources in the engine. Especially the considerable amount of exergy in the exhaust gas (EGR and tailpipe), which results from its high temperature and mass flow, has significant recovery potential. By utilizing a waste heat recovery system a portion of this exergy can be converted into a usable form of power, which then will increase the effective power output of the engine system. A major challenge is to recover the wasted exhaust energy with the maximum possible system efficiency. In a Tier 4 locomotive engine, heat from the EGR system as well as the tailpipe waste heat can be recovered by using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery system. This paper will discuss the results of a waste heat recovery (ORC) system evaluation for locomotive applications. With the help of thermodynamic calculations the incremental power from ORC system as well as the fuel economy benefit will be evaluated and discussed. Additionally, a reasonable working fluid and the system layout, which are considered for thermodynamic calculations, will be reviewed.
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Armstead, John R., and Scott A. Miers. "Review of Waste Heat Recovery Mechanisms for Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35142.

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The demand for more fuel efficient vehicles has been growing steadily and will only continue to increase given the volatility in the commodities market for petroleum resources. The internal combustion engine utilizes approximately one third of the chemical energy released during combustion. The remaining two-thirds are rejected from the engine via the cooling and exhaust systems. Significant improvements in fuel conversion efficiency are possible through the capture and conversion of these waste energy streams. Promising waste heat recovery techniques include turbocharging, turbo compounding, Rankine engine compounding, and thermoelectric generators. These techniques have shown increases in engine thermal efficiencies that range from 2% to 20%, depending on system design, quality of energy recovery, component efficiency, and implementation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad review of the advancements in the waste heat recovery methods; thermoelectric generators and Rankine cycles for electricity generation, which have occurred over the past 10 years as these two techniques have been at the forefront of current research for their untapped potential. The various mechanisms and techniques, including thermodynamic analysis, employed in the design of a waste heat recovery system are discussed.
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Laboe, Kevin, and Marcello Canova. "Powertrain Waste Heat Recovery: A Systems Approach to Maximize Drivetrain Efficiency." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81160.

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Up to 65% of the energy produced in an internal combustion engine is dissipated to the engine cooling circuit and exhaust gases [1]. Therefore, recovering a portion of this heat energy is a highly effective solution to improve engine and drivetrain efficiency and to reduce CO2 emissions, with existing vehicle and powertrain technologies [2,3]. This paper details a practical approach to the utilization of powertrain waste heat for light vehicle engines to reduce fuel consumption. The “Systems Approach” as described in this paper recovers useful energy from what would otherwise be heat energy wasted into the environment, and effectively distributes this energy to the transmission and engine oils thus reducing the oil viscosities. The focus is on how to effectively distribute the available powertrain heat energy to optimize drivetrain efficiency for light duty vehicles, minimizing fuel consumption during various drive cycles. To accomplish this, it is necessary to identify the available powertrain heat energy during any drive cycle and cold start conditions, and to distribute this energy in such a way to maximize the overall efficiency of the drivetrain.
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Blom, Elisabet, and Dan Loyd. "TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS WITH THERMOCOUPLES WITH REFERENCE TO EU DIRECTIVE REGARDING WASTE COMBUSTION." In Advances in Heat Transfer Engineering. Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/bht4.880.

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Vantúch, Martin, Katarína Kaduchová, and Richard Lenhard. "The impact of municipal waste combustion in small heat sources." In THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGY 2016: XX. Anniversary of International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953757.

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Hajek, Jiri, P. Petr, M. Sarlej, et al. "COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER IN HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR." In Annals of the Assembly for International Heat Transfer Conference 13. Begell House Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc13.p26.160.

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Cozzolini, A., M. C. Besch, D. Littera, et al. "Waste Heat Recovery in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines: A Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste Heat Availability for Implementation of Energy Recovery Systems Based Upon the Organic Rankine Cycle." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81112.

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In the past decade automotive industries have focused on the development of new technologies to improve the overall engine efficiency and lower emissions in order to satisfy the always more stringent emission standards introduced all around the world. Technical progress has primarily focused on two aspects; the optimization of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber as well as the combustion process itself, leading to simultaneous improvements in both, efficiency (lowering fuel consumption for same power output) and emissions levels which ultimately result from the optimized combustion process. Although engine technology has made significant progress, even modern Diesel combustion engines do not exceed a maximum efficiency of approximately 40%. Hence, around 60% of the available energy carried by the fuel and entering the combustion chamber is dissipated as heat to the environment. The next steps in engine optimization will see the integration of waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) to increase the overall energy efficiency of the propulsion system by means of recovering parts of the waste heat generated during normal engine operation. The presented was aimed at analyzing the availability as well as the quality of heat to be used in WHRS for the case of heavy-duty Diesel (HDD) engines employed in Class-8 tractors, which are suitable candidates for optimization via WHRS implementation as their engines spend most of their time operating at quasi steady state conditions, such as highway cruise. Three different primary energy sources have been considered: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling system, engine cooling system and exhaust gas stream. Experimental data has been gathered at West Virginia University’s Engine and Emissions Research Laboratory (EERL) facility in order to quantify individual heat flows in a model year (MY) 2004 Mack® MP7-355E HDD engine operated over the 13 modes of the European Stationary Cycle (ESC). Analysis based on second law efficiency underlined that not the whole amount of waste heat can be successfully used for recovery purposes and that heat sources which offer a large amount of waste energy reveal to be inappropriate for recovery purposes in case of low operating temperature. Time integral analysis revealed that engine modes which appear to offer high recovery potential in terms of waste power may not be suitable engine operating conditions when the analysis is performed in terms of waste energy, depending on the particular engine cycle. Finally a simple thermodynamic model of a micro power unit running on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been used to assess the theoretical improvement in engine efficiency during steady state operations based on a second law efficiency analysis approach.
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Phillips, J. B. "ENERGY FROM WASTE: THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY FROM COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC VENT STREAMS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 10. Begellhouse, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc10.290.

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