Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „WASH PROCESS”

This thesis describes outcomes of a research study conducted to investigate the nutrient build-up and wash-off processes on urban impervious surfaces. The data needed for the study was generated through a series of field investigations and laboratory test procedures. The study sites were selected in urbanised catchments to represent typical characteristics of residential, industrial and commercial land uses. The build-up and wash-off samples were collected from road surfaces in the selected study sites. A specially designed vacuum collection system and a rainfall simulator were used for sample collection. According to the data analysis, the solids build-up on road surfaces was significantly finer with more than 80% of the particles below 150 ìm for all the land uses. Nutrients were mostly associated with the particle size range below 150 ìm in both build-up and wash-off samples irrespective of type of land use. Therefore, the finer fraction of solids was the most important for the nutrient build-up and particulate nutrient wash-off processes. Consequently, the design of stormwater quality mitigation measures should target particles less than 150 ìm for the removal of nutrients irrespective of type of land use. Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was the most dominant form of nitrogen species in build-up on road surfaces. Phosphorus build-up on road surfaces was mainly in inorganic form and phosphate (PO4 3-) was the most dominant form. The nutrient wash-off process was found to be dependent on rainfall intensity and duration. Concentration of both total nitrogen and phosphorus was higher at the beginning of the rain event and decreased with the increase in rainfall duration. Consequently, in the design of stormwater quality mitigation strategies for nutrients removal, it is important to target the initial period of rain events. The variability of wash-off of nitrogen with rainfall intensity was significantly different to phosphorus wash-off. The concentration of nitrogen was higher in the wash-off for low intensity rain events compared to the wash-off for high intensity rain events. On the other hand, the concentration of phosphorus in the wash-off was high for high intensity rain events compared to low intensity rain events. Consequently, the nitrogen washoff can be defined as a source limiting process and phosphorus wash-off as a transport limiting process. This highlights the importance of taking into consideration the wash-off of low intensity rain events in the design of stormwater quality mitigation strategies targeting the nitrogen removal. All the nitrogen species in wash-off are primarily in dissolved form whereas phosphorus is in particulate form. The differences in the nitrogen and phosphorus wash-off processes is principally due to the degree of solubility, attachment to particulates, composition of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and the degree of adherence of the solids particles to the surface to which nutrients are attached. The particulate nitrogen available for wash-off is removed readily as these are mobilised as free solids particles on the surface. Phosphorus is washed-off mostly with the solids particles which are strongly adhered to the surface or as the fixed solids load. Investigation of the nitrogen wash-off process using bulk wash-off samples was in close agreement with the investigation of dissolved fraction of wash-off solids. This was primarily due to the predominant nature of dissolved nitrogen. However, the investigation of the processes which underpin phosphorus wash-off using bulk washoff samples could lead to loss of information. This is due to the composition of total phosphorus in wash-off solids and the inherent variability of the wash-off process for the different particle size ranges. This variability should preferably be taken into consideration as phosphorus wash-off is predominantly in particulate form. Therefore, care needs to be taken in the investigation of the phosphorus wash-off process using bulk wash-off samples to ensure that there is no loss of information and hence result in misleading outcomes. The investigation of different particle size ranges of wash-off solids is preferable in the interest of designing effective stormwater quality management strategies targeting phosphorus removal.

The research described in the thesis details the investigation of build-up and wash-off process kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in urban areas. It also discusses the design and development of a rainfall simulator as an important research tool to ensure homogeneity and reduce the large number of variables that are usually inherent to urban water quality research. The rainfall simulator was used to collect runoff samples from three study areas, each with different land uses. The study areas consisted of sites with typical residential, industrial and commercial characteristics in the region. Build-up and wash-off samples were collected at each of the three sites. The collected samples were analysed for a number of chemical and physico-chemical parameters. In addition to this, eight heavy metal elements and 16 priority listed PAHs were analysed in five different particle size fractions of the build-up and wash-off samples. The data generated from the testing of the samples were evaluated using multivariate analysis, which reduced the complexity involved in determining the relative importance of a single parameter in urban water quality. Consequently, variables and processes influencing loadings and concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff from paved surfaces at any given time were identified and quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the process kinetics found were validated using a multivariate modelling approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression, which confirmed the transferability of chemical processes in urban water quality. Fine particles were dominant in both the build-up and wash-off samples from the three sites. This was mirrored in the heavy metal and PAH concentrations at the three sites, which were significantly higher in particles between 0.45-75μm than in any other fraction. Thus, the larger surface area and electrostatic charge of fine particles were favourable in sorbing PAHs and heavy metals. However, factors such as soil composition, total organic carbon (TOC), the presence of Fe and Mn-oxides and pH of the stormwater were all found to be important in partitioning of the metals and PAHs into different fractions. Additionally, PAHs were consistently found in concentrations above their aqueous solubility, which was attributed to colloidal organic particles being able to increase the dissolved fraction of PAHs. Hence, chemical and physico-chemical parameters played a significant role in the distribution of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater. More importantly, the research showed the wide range of factors that distribute metals and PAHs in an urban environment. Furthermore, it indicated the need for monitoring these parameters in urban areas to ensure that urban stormwater management measures are effective in improving water quality. The build-up and wash-off process kinetics identified using PCA at the respective land uses were predicted using PLS and it was found that the transferability of the governing processes were high even though the PAHs and metal concentrations and loads were highly influenced by the source strength at each site. The increased transferability of fundamental concepts in urban water quality could have significant implications in urban stormwater management. This is primarily attributed to common urban water quality mitigation strategies relying on studies based on physical concepts and processes derived from water quantity studies, which are difficult to transfer between catchments. Hence, a more holistic approach incorporating chemical processes compared to the current piecemeal solutions could significantly improve the protection of key environmental values in a region. Furthermore, urban water quantity mitigation measures are generally designed to reduce the impacts of high-flow events. This research suggests that fairly frequent occurring rainfall events, such as 1-year design rainfall events, could carry significant heavy metal and PAH concentrations in both particulate and dissolved fractions. Hence, structural measures, designed to decrease quantity and quality impact on receiving waters during 10 or 20-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) events could be inefficient in removing the majority of PAHs and heavy metals being washed off during more frequent events. The understanding of physical and chemical processes in urban stormwater management could potentially lead to significant improvements in pollutant removal techniques which in turn could lead to significant socio-economic advantages. This project can serve as a baseline study for urban water quality investigations in terms of adopting new methodology and data analysis.

The research described in the thesis details the investigation of build-up and wash-off process kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in urban areas. It also discusses the design and development of a rainfall simulator as an important research tool to ensure homogeneity and reduce the large number of variables that are usually inherent to urban water quality research. The rainfall simulator was used to collect runoff samples from three study areas, each with different land uses. The study areas consisted of sites with typical residential, industrial and commercial characteristics in the region. Build-up and wash-off samples were collected at each of the three sites. The collected samples were analysed for a number of chemical and physico-chemical parameters. In addition to this, eight heavy metal elements and 16 priority listed PAHs were analysed in five different particle size fractions of the build-up and wash-off samples. The data generated from the testing of the samples were evaluated using multivariate analysis, which reduced the complexity involved in determining the relative importance of a single parameter in urban water quality. Consequently, variables and processes influencing loadings and concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff from paved surfaces at any given time were identified and quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the process kinetics found were validated using a multivariate modelling approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression, which confirmed the transferability of chemical processes in urban water quality. Fine particles were dominant in both the build-up and wash-off samples from the three sites. This was mirrored in the heavy metal and PAH concentrations at the three sites, which were significantly higher in particles between 0.45-75μm than in any other fraction. Thus, the larger surface area and electrostatic charge of fine particles were favourable in sorbing PAHs and heavy metals. However, factors such as soil composition, total organic carbon (TOC), the presence of Fe and Mn-oxides and pH of the stormwater were all found to be important in partitioning of the metals and PAHs into different fractions. Additionally, PAHs were consistently found in concentrations above their aqueous solubility, which was attributed to colloidal organic particles being able to increase the dissolved fraction of PAHs. Hence, chemical and physico-chemical parameters played a significant role in the distribution of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater. More importantly, the research showed the wide range of factors that distribute metals and PAHs in an urban environment. Furthermore, it indicated the need for monitoring these parameters in urban areas to ensure that urban stormwater management measures are effective in improving water quality. The build-up and wash-off process kinetics identified using PCA at the respective land uses were predicted using PLS and it was found that the transferability of the governing processes were high even though the PAHs and metal concentrations and loads were highly influenced by the source strength at each site. The increased transferability of fundamental concepts in urban water quality could have significant implications in urban stormwater management. This is primarily attributed to common urban water quality mitigation strategies relying on studies based on physical concepts and processes derived from water quantity studies, which are difficult to transfer between catchments. Hence, a more holistic approach incorporating chemical processes compared to the current piecemeal solutions could significantly improve the protection of key environmental values in a region. Furthermore, urban water quantity mitigation measures are generally designed to reduce the impacts of high-flow events. This research suggests that fairly frequent occurring rainfall events, such as 1-year design rainfall events, could carry significant heavy metal and PAH concentrations in both particulate and dissolved fractions. Hence, structural measures, designed to decrease quantity and quality impact on receiving waters during 10 or 20-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) events could be inefficient in removing the majority of PAHs and heavy metals being washed off during more frequent events. The understanding of physical and chemical processes in urban stormwater management could potentially lead to significant improvements in pollutant removal techniques which in turn could lead to significant socio-economic advantages. This project can serve as a baseline study for urban water quality investigations in terms of adopting new methodology and data analysis.

This research study created new knowledge relating to urban stormwater pollutant process variability, and thereby developed an innovative approach to quantitatively assess the uncertainty associated with stormwater quality modelling outcomes. Build-up and wash-off of particulate solids of different size ranges and particle-bound heavy metals from urban road surfaces were analysed with the aid of mathematical replication models of these processes. The outcomes of this research study will contribute to enhanced planning and management decisions in relation to designing urban stormwater pollution mitigation strategies.document.getElementsByName("c12_disable_contact")[0].checked = true;

The task of the master’s thesis is a study focused on re-use and process wastewater in the company Kostelecké uzeniny a.s. The thesis contains a description of wastewater treatment plants, sewage flow and metabolic load on each water treatment processes. The thesis describes the limit requirements for technological processes within the enterprise. Few variants of the use of alternative water sources for technological processes on the basis of health conditions that has been designed for treating waste water from truck wash were considered in the thesis. Treated waste water is being re-used within the truck wash. Part of the proposal is also economic calculation and evaluation of return on investment.

This creative project thesis is an exploration of the connected experiences in light, space and time, developed through the 'making'of architecture. The process began with the concept of 'installation', in which the practice evolves from a vast spectrum of disciplines. The objective is to create an alternative spatial experience, occurring within an existing building. A piece of architecture through which the environment may be activated by the presence of light, material and man . An abandoned old building was chosen as the site in which to create the project. The repair and the creation of the new combined, creating the installation of a space which both respects and evolves from the existing. The process of rehabilitation and the 'making' of architecture offering a variety of interactive opportunities; of dialogue and language which furthers the understanding of society and the conception of architecture.
Department of Architecture

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A recuperação dos sólidos solúveis presentes na membrana central da laranja, separada durante a etapa de extração industrial do suco, normalmente produz um suco contendo de 5 a 6ºBrix e uma série de outros compostos insolúveis (cerca de 9%), muitos dos quais contribuem para a baixa qualidade do suco, sendo responsáveis pelo amargor e adstringência. O presente trabalho propôs-se a clarificar esse suco contendo sólidos recuperados, empregando um pré-tratamento com enzimas pectinolíticas seguido por tratamento por flotação por injeção de ar comprimido auxiliada por agentes clarificantes: bentonita, sílica sol e colágeno hidrolisado. Constituíram-se os objetivos: (i) a determinação das melhores condições (tipo de enzima pectinolítica, duas hidrolases e duas pectinases, e tempo de incubação) para a degradação enzimática da pectina presente; (ii) a determinação da melhor combinação dos agentes clarificantes visando obter um subproduto clarificado através do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos (capacidade floculante e transmitância) e (iii) a avaliação do processo de flotação com diferentes concentrações de bentonita (500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-suco-1 e pressões (490, 680 e 880 kPa) pela determinação do grau de clarificação através de monitoramento da transmitância do clarificado, pela determinação da velocidade de flotação/separação das fases, através da verificação das frações volumétricas das fases separadas (clarificado, sedimentado e flotado), em intervalos de tempos regulares durante o processo de flotação e pela análise do produto final clarificado. Os produtos clarificados foram analisados com relação ao conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e insolúveis, pH, acidez titulável, polpa, transmitância, cor (parâmetros L*, a*, b*) proteína, pectina total, sódio, hesperidina, polifenóis e bioflavonóides. Para o tratamento...
Core membrane of the orange fruit separated during the juice extraction step in the citrus processing industrial plant, is currently submitted to a soluble solids recovery process, normally producing a by product (secondary) juice containing about 5 to 6º Brix and other insoluble components (about 9%), which contribute to the juice’s low quality, since many are responsible for the bitterness and adstringency. This research aimed to clarify this by-product juice containing recovered solids, by enzyme pre-treatment with pectic enzymes, followed by a flotation treatment with compressed air injection using fining agents: bentonite, silica sol and hydrolyzed collagen. The objectives were (i) to determine the best conditions (enzyme type, two hydrolyses and two pectin-liases and incubation time) for the enzyme treatment for pectin degradation; (ii) to determine the best combination of the fining agents to obtain a clarified by-product through monitoring physical chemical parameters (flocculating ability and product transmittance); and (iii) to evaluate the flotation process and the effects of bentonite concentration (500, 1.000 and 1.500 mg L-juice-1) and saturation pressure (490, 680 and 880 kPa) by determining the degree of clarification through monitoring the product transmittance and by determining the flotation rate (and phase separation) through measurements of volumetric fractions of the separated phases (clarified, floated and sediment) over time during the flotation and phase separation processes. Both untreated and clarified juices were analyzed for soluble and insoluble solid contents, pH, total titratable acidity, pulp content, transmittance, color (parameters L*, a* and b*), protein and pectin contents, sodium, hesperidine, poliphenols and bioflavonoids. The results indicates a purified poligalacturonase as the adequate for the enzyme treatment in 1 hour, 45ºC, with 0,05 mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Roger Darros-Barbosa
Banca: Maria Aparecida Mauro
Banca: José Fernando Durigan
Resumo: A recuperação dos sólidos solúveis presentes na membrana central da laranja, separada durante a etapa de extração industrial do suco, normalmente produz um suco contendo de 5 a 6ºBrix e uma série de outros compostos insolúveis (cerca de 9%), muitos dos quais contribuem para a baixa qualidade do suco, sendo responsáveis pelo amargor e adstringência. O presente trabalho propôs-se a clarificar esse suco contendo sólidos recuperados, empregando um pré-tratamento com enzimas pectinolíticas seguido por tratamento por flotação por injeção de ar comprimido auxiliada por agentes clarificantes: bentonita, sílica sol e colágeno hidrolisado. Constituíram-se os objetivos: (i) a determinação das melhores condições (tipo de enzima pectinolítica, duas hidrolases e duas pectinases, e tempo de incubação) para a degradação enzimática da pectina presente; (ii) a determinação da melhor combinação dos agentes clarificantes visando obter um subproduto clarificado através do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos (capacidade floculante e transmitância) e (iii) a avaliação do processo de flotação com diferentes concentrações de bentonita (500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-suco-1 e pressões (490, 680 e 880 kPa) pela determinação do grau de clarificação através de monitoramento da transmitância do clarificado, pela determinação da velocidade de flotação/separação das fases, através da verificação das frações volumétricas das fases separadas (clarificado, sedimentado e flotado), em intervalos de tempos regulares durante o processo de flotação e pela análise do produto final clarificado. Os produtos clarificados foram analisados com relação ao conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e insolúveis, pH, acidez titulável, polpa, transmitância, cor (parâmetros L*, a*, b*) proteína, pectina total, sódio, hesperidina, polifenóis e bioflavonóides. Para o tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Core membrane of the orange fruit separated during the juice extraction step in the citrus processing industrial plant, is currently submitted to a soluble solids recovery process, normally producing a by product (secondary) juice containing about 5 to 6º Brix and other insoluble components (about 9%), which contribute to the juice's low quality, since many are responsible for the bitterness and adstringency. This research aimed to clarify this by-product juice containing recovered solids, by enzyme pre-treatment with pectic enzymes, followed by a flotation treatment with compressed air injection using fining agents: bentonite, silica sol and hydrolyzed collagen. The objectives were (i) to determine the best conditions (enzyme type, two hydrolyses and two pectin-liases and incubation time) for the enzyme treatment for pectin degradation; (ii) to determine the best combination of the fining agents to obtain a clarified by-product through monitoring physical chemical parameters (flocculating ability and product transmittance); and (iii) to evaluate the flotation process and the effects of bentonite concentration (500, 1.000 and 1.500 mg L-juice-1) and saturation pressure (490, 680 and 880 kPa) by determining the degree of clarification through monitoring the product transmittance and by determining the flotation rate (and phase separation) through measurements of volumetric fractions of the separated phases (clarified, floated and sediment) over time during the flotation and phase separation processes. Both untreated and clarified juices were analyzed for soluble and insoluble solid contents, pH, total titratable acidity, pulp content, transmittance, color (parameters L*, a* and b*), protein and pectin contents, sodium, hesperidine, poliphenols and bioflavonoids. The results indicates a purified poligalacturonase as the adequate for the enzyme treatment in 1 hour, 45ºC, with 0,05 mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

This article is a reply to a statement by Elke Schwinger in WeltTrends 31.
The author tries to strike the balance between "coming to terms with the past" and the role of criminal law in this process in Germany. The principle of prohibition of retroactive laws, fixed in the 1990 German Unification Treaty and in the Constitution, had been broken in the trials against the "Mauerschützen" (border guards) in German criminal courts since 1990. There is an artificially constructed past which does not correspond to the reality of the border regime before 1989.
The author underlines that today the criminal law is misused for political aims within the German unification process.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar Operación masacre de Rodolfo Walsh à luz da reflexão sobre as relações entre literatura e testemunho. O trabalho tem como hipótese que Operación masacre pode ser lida como um romance de testemunho não só porque em suas páginas denuncia a prática da violência de Estado mas, sobretudo, porque essa violência gera o imperativo ético de escrever e a procura de uma forma narrativa.
The purpose of this thesis is to analise Operación masacre written by Rodolfo Walsh under the lights of reflection about the relations between literature and testimony. The work has as hypothesis that Operación masacre can be read as a testimony novel not only because in its pages denounces the State´s violence, but above all, because this violence generates the ethical imperative of writing and the search for a narrative form.

The goal of this project was to develop novel bacterial biomarkers for use in an industrial context. These biomarkers would be used to determine aluminium industry activity impact on a local ecosystem. Sediment bacterial communities of the Saguenay River are subjected to industrial effluent produced by industry in Jonquière, QC. In-situ responses of these communities to effluent exposure were measured and evaluated as potential biomarker candidates for exposure to past and present effluent discharge. Bacterial community structure and composition between control and affected sites were investigated. Differences observed between the communities were used as indicators of a response to industrial activity through exposure to effluent by-products. Diversity indices were not significantly different between sites with increased effluent exposure. However, differences were observed with the inclusion of algae and cyanobacteria. UniFrac analyses indicated that a control (NNB) and an affected site (Site 2) were more similar to one another with regard to community structure than either was to a medially affected site (Site 5) (Figure 2.4). We did not observe a signature of the microbial community structure that could be predicted with effluent exposure. Microbial community function in relation to bacterial mercury resistance (HgR) was also evaluated as a specific response to the mercury component present in sediments. Novel PCR primers and amplification conditions were developed to amplify merP, merT and merA genes belonging to the mer-operon which confers HgR (Table 5.6). To our knowledge, the roles of merP and merT have not been explored as possible tools to confirm the presence of the operon. HgR gene abundance in sediment microbial communities was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to total mercury levels (Figure 3.4) but gene expression was not measurable. We could not solely attribute the release of Hg0 from sediments in bioreactor experiments to a biogenic origin. However, there was a 1000 fold difference in measured Hg0 release between control and affected sites suggesting that processes of natural remediation may be taking place at contaminated sites (Figure 3.7). Abundance measurements of HgR related genes represent a strong response target to the mercury immobilized in sediments. Biomarkers built on this response can be used by industry to measure long term effects of industrially derived mercury on local ecosystems. The abundance of mer-operon genes in affected sites indicates the presence of a thriving bacterial community harbouring HgR potential. These communities have the capacity to naturally remediate the sites they occupy. This remediation could be further investigated. Additional studies will be required to develop biomarkers that are more responsive to contemporary industrial activity such as those based on the integrative oxidative stress response.

HT biomass sonicated at ES inputs < 56KJ/gTS decreased floc size by 41% and enhanced its metabolic activity by 50-250% compared to control. ES inputs >118 KJ/gTS caused HT biomass solubilization and irreversible loss of its metabolic activity and reflocculation ability. During continuous activated sludge processing (ASP) of real primary effluent the observed yield (Yobs) decreased by 20% compared to control ASP at SF (stress factor) of 1 (biomass exchanged without USPT). At SF of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 (biomass exchanged with USPT) the Yobs further decreased by 33, 25 and 44% respectively as compared to control. This indicated that combining biomass anoxic exposure with USPT enhanced sludge reduction by increasing microbial maintenance metabolism likely in combination with microbial flora shift in the ASP depending on SF.

I have been cast as "Bobby" in A Chorus Line at Orlando Broadway Dinner Theatre in Orlando. I will use this opportunity as my thesis role. As part of my thesis defense, I will combine an analysis of the character of "Bobby" in A Chorus Line with an assessment of Actors' Equity Association's audition policies from 1970 to the present, and investigate whether the audition held in the show abides by the policies established by AEA for Broadway calls. "Bobby" has an interesting arc of development as he actually gives the director what he (the director) does not want, yet is still cast in the fictitious Broadway show. Why he would choose to stray from the director's instructions is an interesting question and demanding study. To facilitate my research on the character (aside from script and score analysis), I will interview Thommie Walsh (about for whom the role was written and the original "Bobby" on Broadway) as well as other men who have played the role to get insights into the character that will enhance my performance. Mr. Walsh will also elaborate on his real-life relationship with Michael Bennett and how that compares and contrasts with the relationship between "Bobby" and "Zach." I also will interview as many of the original cast members as possible (namely Baayork Lee) to get contributing memories and anecdotal evidence from the original production. A Chorus Line captures the one element all performers experience – the audition. The audition process has changed over the years, and I will focus on the development of protocol from the early 1970's (when A Chorus Line takes place) to the present. I will explore the manner in which the process has evolved and what A Chorus Line's contribution was (if any) to that process. This show has become so much a part of the musical theatre vernacular that historical exploration of procedures would also clarify how this work was structured. Were actors subjected to that intense style of audition on a huge stage in the early 1970s? Are they still today? My research will trace the history and rules governing auditions, performers and staff as delineated by Actors' Equity Association. I will also include a comparison of Equity to the variety of non-Equity auditions. Other sources will include rulebooks from AEA and interviews with dancers (past and present), AEA staff and Patrick Quinn, President of AEA.
M.F.A.
Department of Theatre
Arts and Sciences
Theatre

Questo elaborato, frutto del tirocinio svolto presso l’azienda WASP (CSP s.r.l.) di Massa Lombarda, mostra una serie di analisi e studi incentrati sull’applicazione di strumenti di gestione aziendale, fornendo soluzioni ad hoc per l’azienda, con l’obiettivo di dimostrarle i vantaggi che si possono ottenere dalla loro applicazione nella realtà aziendale. Per soddisfare la richiesta dell’azienda, tutti i temi di analisi sono stati sviluppati per una specifica linea di prodotto, la Delta WASP 3MT. La tesi si compone di tre macro aree. Nella prima viene illustrata la realtà aziendale di WASP, i prodotti offerti, i progetti di ricerca seguiti e l’evoluzione del prodotto protagonista. Nella seconda sezione viene trattata la riorganizzazione del processo produttivo in ottica di Lean Production, proponendo scenari futuri di ottimizzazione del flusso dei materiali e delle informazioni. Infine, viene approfondito il tema della determinazione della struttura dei costi del prodotto in analisi, definendone il costo pieno, il margine di contribuzione ed il volume di pareggio.

This thesis addresses the problem of how ideas and beliefs, or knowledge, are selected, articulated, and put together in constitution-making contexts. It does this by analysing the organising principles of the knowledge elaborated to make Pinochet’s 1980 Constitution. This constitution, still in effect, built a ‘protected’ democracy through its authoritarian and anti-democratic laws and institutions. The research draws on Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) to enact a qualitative case study of the Proceedings of the Ortúzar Commission (1973–1978). Over 417 sessions, the commissioners invoked a variegated array of ideas and beliefs to discuss their constitution, from law to political and moral notions, religious doctrine, literary references, common sense opinions, and more. LCT’s Constellations was used to show how these variegated concepts were grouped together. Then, the organising principles of these concepts were analysed using LCT’s Specialization to reveal their underlying legitimation bases. The thesis analysed the organising principles of the Commission’s justifications for writing of a new Constitution, of the Commission’s main sources and inspirations that structured their knowledge-building, and of how they put together all these variegated ideas and beliefs to construct their Constitution. These findings are a step toward a deeper understanding of the socio-political aspects of knowledge used to make constitutions. The thesis concludes that the authoritarian aspects of the 1980 Constitution cannot be reduced to its explicitly anti-democratic laws and political institutions. Rather, its anti-democratic and anti-political character underpins the entire constitution-making effort of this Constitution. In sum, the thesis explores and evidences the socio-political aspects of constitution-making processes.

Disciplines arrive at moments of crisis. So do those who labor within and at the margins, intersections, outskirts, and centers of those disciplines. This written thesis draws together these moments of both disciplinary and individual crisis, at the intersection of anthropology, nonfiction filmmaking, and film studies. In response to existential, representational, and ethical anxieties, these writings and videos affirm life, within and between the disciplines, myself, and my collaborators — each of whom has experienced or is recovering from an eating disorder. Through navigating the representation of these experiences, the work interrogates the limits and potentials of representation in nonfiction film and video more broadly, and how it relates to anthropology, activism, and pedagogy. It asks: what is a good (ethical) representation of another individual’s experience, especially of something as seemingly private or vulnerable as an eating disorder and the recovery from it? This thesis approaches this question from technological, methodological, ethical, philosophical, and practical perspectives, and in doing so, aims not so much to resolve these disciplinary and personal crises, but to move through and with them, towards a theory and a practice of embodied ethical representation.

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como fin la redefinición del sistema organizacional de la Asociación de Mujeres Artesanas “Sisi Wasi” a partir de un enfoque estratégico en procesos que permita su desarrollo en el mercado de tejidos artesanales. En este sentido, se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la gestión de los procesos de la cadena de suministro para plantear mejoras a corto. Asimismo, para el mediano y largo plazo, se plantea un cambio en su modelo operativo. A fin de concretar lo mencionado, se recopiló la información a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias, con lo cual, se logró conceptualizar las teorías pertinentes y contextualizar el caso de estudio. Además, teniendo en cuenta que el alcance de la investigación fue descriptivo y el enfoque cualitativo, se realizó el trabajo de campo a partir de técnicas de recolección como entrevistas, focus group y encuestas. Finalmente, en base a los resultados del análisis de los procesos de la cadena de suministro de la Asociación, a través del modelo SCOR, se lograron plantear mejoras enfocadas en la estandarización de procesos y registros para el corto plazo y, para el mediano y largo plazo, se plantea la redefinición del sistema organizacional a partir de un nuevo modelo de negocio basado en la interrelación de los elementos del Business Model CANVAS y los lineamientos estratégicos planteados en función al Balanced Scorecard.
Tesis

S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.

The plots of Billy Budd and The Bonfire of the Vanities are organized entirely around a lawsuit. In The Pickwick Papers the trial is only a part, though an important one, of a series of related adventures in which the main characters of the novel participate. In the three novels there is a trial in which the accused is found guilty, although he is actually innocent. In The Posthumous Papers of the Club Pickwick, the author’s main purpose is to present the operation of the legal system, in which the modus operandi of unscrupulous lawyers, who rely only on cheating and deceiving methods, is atthe beginning of and determines the outcome of the lawsuit. In Billy Budd, an innocent is sentenced to death in order to preserve a supposed higher interest: the common good. In The Bonfire of the Vanities, political factors, personal interests, resentments and other worldly elements determine the outcome of the trial. In the three cases, the watchmaking mechanism that a lawsuit appears to be is completely overcome by factors outside it.
Las tramas de Billy Budd y La hoguera de las vanidades están organizadas íntegramente alrededor de un juicio. En Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, el proceso es una parte importante de la obra, pero también existen aventuras relacionadas en las que participan los diversos personajes. En los tres juicios se juzga a un inocente. En Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, el autor busca presentar el funcionamiento real del sistema legal, en el cual el modus operandi de abogados inescrupulosos, quienes emplean únicamente métodos tramposos y fraudulentos, determina el origen y el resultado del proceso. En Billy Budd, un inocente es condenado a muerte para preservar un supuesto interés mayor: el bien común. En La hoguera de las vanidades, factores políticos, intereses personales, resentimientos y otros elementos de carácter mundano determinan el resultado del proceso. En los tres casos, el mecanismo de relojería que parece ser el proceso es totalmente sobrepasado por factores externos al mismo.

Proučavane su koroziona postojanost i tendencija lepljenja različitihmaterijala u kontaktu sa tečnom Al–Si–Cu legurom. Ispitivanjem suobuhvaćeni čelik za rad na toplo, plazma nitrirani čelik i dupleksslojevi sa CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN i CrAlN prevlakama, različitog nivoapovršinske hrapavosti. Za ispitivanja pomenutih fenomenaprimenjena je metoda izvlačenja, koja je unapređena kako bi se povećalenjena tačnost i verodostojnost simulacije procesa livenja. Korozioniefekti su pojačani tako što su uzorci osim kratkog kontakta sa odlivkomzadržavani i u dužim periodima u kontaktu sa tečnom legurom (5 i 20min). Uprkos opštim stavovima, za ispitivane materijale jeustanovljeno da su sile izvlačenja uzoraka iz Al–Si–Cu odlivakanezavisne od njihovog hemijskog sastava. Uticaj hrapavosti je izraženkod uzoraka sa prevlakama kod kojih pri smanjenju hrapavosti dolazi dopovećanja sile izvlačenja. Sve ispitane prevlake su sklone mehaničkomlepljenju Al–Si–Cu legure za svoje površine, ali sa aspekta korozije utečnom metalu značajno prevazilaze performanse čelika i plazmanitriranog sloja. Duži kontakt livene legure sa površinama prevlakauzrokovao je niže vrednosti sila izvlačenja, što je posledicaoksidacije površina prevlaka. Ustanovljeno je da su ispitivaneprevlake inertne ka tečnoj leguri aluminijuma. Međutim, dolazi dooksidacije i korozije materijala podloge kroz greške rasta koje suprisutne u prevlakama. Stečena znanja o identifikovanimmehanizmima habanja i propadanja zaštitnih slojeva prevlakaposlužiće daljem razvoju dupleks slojeva namenjenih za zaštitu alataza livenje pod pritiskom.
Corrosion resistance and soldering tendency of different materials in moltenAl–Si–Cu alloy were studied. Hot-working tool steel, plasma nitrided steel andduplex layers with CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN and CrAlN top coatings, which wereproduced to various degree of surface roughness, were covered by the study.An ejection test was employed for investigation of the concerned phenomena.The ejection test was improved in order to increase its accuracy and thereliability of process simulation. Samples were examined in both short andextended periods of contact (5 and 20 min) with liquid casting. Castingsolidification was extended in order to intensify the corrosion effects. Contraryto common findings, it was found that the ejection force of the investigatedmaterials does not depend on their chemical composition. For the coatedsamples, a pronounced dependence of the ejection force on the surfaceroughness was found. The ejection force increases with decrease in surfaceroughness. All investigated coatings are prone to mechanical soldering by Al–Si–Cu alloy. Still, their corrosion resistance substantially exceeds the corrosionresistance of steel and plasma nitrided layer. Longer exposure of coatedsamples to cast alloy induced lower ejection forces, which is a consequenceof coatings oxidation. It was found that the investigated coatings are inert toliquid aluminium. However, the underlying material undergoes oxidation andcorrosion through coating growth defects. The findings concerning the wearmechanisms of protective layers support further development of duplex layersintended for die casting tools protection.

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Against the backdrop of the denominational status of network Adventist education present in a remarkable way in the school space and the intense religious diversity students, this research analyzes the relationship of possible tensions between the denominational school status and religious diversity present. It takes into account the process of modernity causing significant change in education, in religion and in the form of the two institutes relate to each other. It took into account the socio-economic and religious profile of the students and how is the reception of religious education in Adventist school space, including students who declare themselves Adventists. The area chosen for this research was the Adventist schools located in the ABCD Paulista context, which offer high school. These school units are located in the cities of Diadema, Santo Andre and Sao Caetano do Sul, cities located in the same micro region, but with different socioeconomic realities.
Tendo como pano de fundo a confessionalidade da rede adventista de educação presente de maneira marcante no espaço escolar e a intensa diversidade religiosa discente, esta pesquisa analisa a relação de possíveis tensões entre a confessionalidade escolar e a diversidade religiosa presente neste espaço. Leva em consideração o processo de modernidade causadora de importantes transformações na educação, na religião e na forma dos dois institutos se relacionarem. Levou-se em consideração o perfil socioeconômico e religioso dos alunos e possíveis tensões na recepção do religioso no espaço escolar adventista por parte dos discentes, inclusive por aqueles que se declaram adventistas. O espaço escolhido para esta pesquisa foi o de colégios adventistas localizadas no contexto do ABCD Paulista, que ofertam o Ensino Médio. Estas unidades escolares estão situadas nas cidades de Diadema, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul, cidades localizadas na mesma microrregião, mas com distintas realidades socioeconômicas.

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.
Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.

Doutoramento em Bioquímica
Os polissacarídeos são os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café verde e torrado e da bebida de café. Os mais abundantes são as galactomananas, seguindo-se as arabinogalactanas. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas sofrem modificações estruturais, as quais estão longe de estar completamente elucidadas devido à sua diversidade e à complexidade estrutural dos compostos formados. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas reagem com proteínas, ácidos clorogénicos e sacarose, originando compostos castanhos de alto peso molecular contendo nitrogénio, designados de melanoidinas. As melanoidinas do café apresentam diversas atividades biológicas e efeitos benéficos para a saúde. No entanto, a sua estrutura exata e os mecanismos envolvidos na sua formação permanecem desconhecidos, bem como a relação estrutura-atividade biológica. A utilização de sistemas modelo e a análise por espectrometria de massa permitem obter uma visão global e, simultaneamente, detalhada das modificações estruturais nos polissacarídeos do café promovidas pela torra, contribuindo para a elucidação das estruturas e mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas. Com base nesta tese, oligossacarídeos estruturalmente relacionados com a cadeia principal das galactomananas, (β1→4)-Dmanotriose (Man3), e as cadeias laterais das arabinogalactanas, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose (Ara3), isoladamente ou em misturas com ácido 5-Ocafeoilquínico (5-CQA), o ácido clorogénico mais abundante nos grãos de café verde, e péptidos compostos por tirosina e leucina, usados como modelos das proteínas, foram sujeitos a tratamento térmico a seco, mimetizando o processo de torra. A oxidação induzida por radicais hidroxilo (HO•) foi também estudada, uma vez que estes radicais parecem estar envolvidos na modificação dos polissacarídeos durante a torra. A identificação das modificações estruturais induzidas por tratamento térmico e oxidativo dos compostos modelo foi feita por estratégias analíticas baseadas principalmente em espectrometria de massa, mas também em cromatografia líquida. A cromatografia de gás foi usada na análise de açúcares neutros e ligações glicosídicas. Para validar as conclusões obtidas com os compostos modelo, foram também analisadas amostras de polissacarídeos do café obtidas a partir de resíduo de café e café instantâneo. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos oligossacarídeos modelo quando submetidos a tratamento térmico (seco), assim como à oxidação induzida por HO• (em solução), indicam a ocorrência de despolimerização, o que está de acordo com estudos anteriores que reportam a despolimerização das galactomananas e arabinogalactanas do café durante a torra. Foram ainda identificados outros compostos resultantes da quebra do anel de açúcares formados durante o tratamento térmico e oxidativo da Ara3. Por outro lado, o tratamento térmico a seco dos oligossacarídeos modelo (individualmente ou quando misturados) promoveu a formação de oligossacarídeos com um maior grau de polimerização, e também polissacarídeos com novos tipos de ligações glicosídicas, evidenciando a ocorrência de polimerização através reações de transglicosilação não enzimática induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco. As reações de transglicosilação induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco podem ocorrer entre resíduos de açúcares provenientes da mesma origem, mas também de origens diferentes com formação de estruturas híbridas, contendo arabinose e manose como observado nos casos dos compostos modelo usados. Os resultados obtidos a partir de amostras do resíduo de café e de café instantâneo sugerem a presença de polissacarídeos híbridos nestas amostras de café processado, corroborando a ocorrência de transglicosilação durante o processo de torra. Além disso, o estudo de misturas contendo diferentes proporções de cada oligossacarídeo modelo, mimetizando regiões do grão de café com composição distinta em polissacarídeos, sujeitos a diferentes períodos de tratamento térmico, permitiu inferir que diferentes estruturas híbridas e não híbridas podem ser formadas a partir das arabinogalactanas e galactomananas, dependendo da sua distribuição nas paredes celulares do grão e das condições de torra. Estes resultados podem explicar a heterogeneidade de estruturas de melanoidinas formadas durante a torra do café. Os resultados obtidos a partir de misturas modelo contendo um oligossacarídeo (Ara3 ou Man3) e 5-CQA sujeitas a tratamento térmico a seco, assim como de amostras provenientes do resíduo de café, mostraram a formação de compostos híbridos compostos por moléculas de CQA ligadas covalentemente a um número variável de resíduos de açúcar. Além disso, os resultados obtidos a partir da mistura contendo Man3 e 5-CQA mostraram que o CQA atua como catalisador das reações de transglicosilação. Por outro lado, nas misturas modelo contendo um péptido, mesmo contendo também 5-CQA e sujeitas ao mesmo tratamento, observou-se uma diminuição na extensão das reações transglicosilação. Este resultado pode explicar a baixa extensão das reações de transglicosilação não enzimáticas durante a torra nas regiões do grão de café mais ricas em proteínas, apesar dos polissacarídeos serem os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café. A diminuição das reações de transglicosilação na presença de péptidos/proteínas pode dever-se ao facto de os resíduos de açúcares redutores reagirem preferencialmente com os grupos amina de péptidos/proteínas por reação de Maillard, diminuindo o número de resíduos de açúcares redutores disponíveis para as reações de transglicosilação. Além dos compostos já descritos, uma diversidade de outros compostos foram formados a partir dos sistemas modelo, nomeadamente derivados de desidratação formados durante o tratamento térmico a seco. Em conclusão, a tipificação das modificações estruturais promovidas pela torra nos polissacarídeos do café abre o caminho para a compreensão dos mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas e da relação estrutura-atividade destes compostos.
Polysaccharides are the major components of green and roasted coffee beans, and coffee brew. The most abundant ones are galactomannans, followed by arabinogalactans. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans undergo structural modifications that are far to be completely elucidated due to their diversity and complexity of the compounds formed. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans react with proteins, chlorogenic acids, and sucrose, originating high molecular weight brown compounds containing nitrogen, known as melanoidins. Several biological activities and beneficial health effects have been attributed to coffee melanoidins. However, their exact structures and the mechanisms involved in their formation remain unknown, as well as the structure-biological activity relationship. The use of model systems and mass spectrometry analysis allow to obtain an overall view and, simultaneously, detailed, of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting, contributing to the elucidation of the structures and formation mechanisms of melanoidins. Based on this thesis, oligosaccharides structurally related to the backbone of galactomannans, (β1→4)-D-mannotriose, and the side chains of arabinogalactans, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose, alone or in mixtures with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the most abundant chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans, and dipeptides composed by tyrosine and leucine, used as models of proteins, were submitted to dry thermal treatments, mimicking the coffee roasting process. The oxidation induced by hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was also studied, since these radicals seem to be involved in the modification of the polysaccharides during roasting. The identification of the structural modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment of the model compounds was performed mostly by mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies, but also using liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography was used in the analysis of neutral sugars and glycosidic linkages. To validate the conclusions achieved with the model compounds, coffee polysaccharide samples obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee were also analysed. The results obtained from the model oligosaccharides when submitted to thermal treatment (dry) or oxidation induced by HO• (in solution) indicate the occurrence of depolymerization, which is in line with previous studies reporting the depolymerization of coffee galactomannans and arabinogalactans during roasting. Compounds resulting from sugar ring cleavage were also formed during thermal treatment and oxidative treatment of Ara3. On the other hand, the dry thermal treatment of the model oligosaccharides (alone or when mixed) promoted the formation of oligosaccharides with a higher degree of polymerization, and also polysaccharides with new type of glycosidic linkages, evidencing the occurrence of polymerization via non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment. The transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment can occur between sugar residues from the same origin, but also of different origins, with formation of hybrid structures, containing arabinose and mannose in the case of the model compounds used. The results obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee samples suggest the presence of hybrid polysaccharides in these processed coffee samples, corroborating the occurrence of transglycosylation during the roasting process. Furthermore, the study of mixtures containing different proportions of each model oligosaccharide, mimicking coffee bean regions with distinct polysaccharide composition, subjected to different periods of thermal treatment, allowed to infer that different hybrid and non-hybrid structures may be formed from arabinogalactans and galactomannans, depending on their distribution in the bean cell walls and on roasting conditions. These results may explain the heterogeneity of melanoidins structures formed during coffee roasting. The results obtained from model mixtures containing an oligosaccharide (Ara3 or Man3) and 5-CQA and subjected to dry thermal treatment, as well as samples derived from spent coffee grounds, showed the formation of hybrid compounds composed by CQA molecules covalently linked to a variable number of sugar residues. Moreover, the results obtained from the mixture containing Man3 and 5-CQA showed that CQA acts as catalyst of transglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, in the model mixtures containing a peptide, even if containing 5-CQA and subjected to the same treatment, it was observed a decrease in the extent of transglycosylation reactions. This outcome can explain the low extent of non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions during roasting in coffee bean regions enriched in proteins, although polysaccharides are the major components of the coffee beans. The decrease of transglycosylation reactions in the presence of peptides/proteins can be related with the preferential reactivity of reducing residues with the amino groups of peptides/proteins by Maillard reaction, decreasing the number of reducing residues available to be directly involved in the transglycosylation reactions. In addition to the compounds already described, a diversity of other compounds were formed from model systems, namely dehydrated derivatives formed during dry thermal treatment. In conclusion, the identification of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting pave the way to the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of melanoidins and structure-activity relationship of these compounds.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程學系
89
One will be exposed to a lot of hazardous substances while involves with structural fire fighting operations. These substances can contaminate one’s clothing, and cause harm to the wearer. Many fire combustion products-including hydrocarbons, metals such as cadmium and chromium,etc., acids, and soot-are hazardous to the wearer of protective clothing. These substances embed in the fibers of the garment, penetrate inner layers, and enter the body through ingestion, absorption and inhalation. In addition, particulates and other products of combustion can reduce the flame resistance of garments and increase the ability of protective clothing’s to conduct electricity. The way of washing fire fighting protective clothing correctly is important. This research incorporates a evaluation the wash process influences on the comfort and functional performance of fire fighting protective clothing, using state-of-art laboratory methods to measure various flameproof fabrics. Measure items include thermal insulation, air permeability, moisture permeability, hydrostatic pressure, flameproof, temperature and humidity of microclimate of fire fighting protective clothing. Wash process include wet cleaning and dry cleaning. In addition, fire fighters response of wash process to their protective clothing will be focus of this research, as well. Quantitative techniques, such as analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and t test, etc., will be used to analyze the correlation between textile composite properties and comfort/functional performances. Results showed that there isn’t a common way to clean and maintain fire fighting protective clothing of Taiwan’s fire fighters. The right way to wash fire fighting protective clothing is wet cleaning process.

Today, recombinant protein therapies represent a substantial focus of the pharmaceutical industry. Most therapeutic proteins are produced in host cells of non-human origin, including Escherichia coli, yeast, and various mammalian cell lines e.g. Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines. A major focus of all therapeutic protein purification process is to reduce components of host organism, including host cell proteins (HCPs), to levels considered as adequate in the final formulated drug product. HCPs can pose potential safety risks for patients, including immune reactions, decreased product stability, adjuvant activity, and (theoretically) protein-specific biological activity.(Schenauer, Flynn, & Goetze, 2012) With rapidly growing cases and increased number of cancer, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer’s disease has become the most common death-causing diseases worldwide. Recent studies indicate that mAb is effective in treatment of these diseases and with limited number of treatment options people need to rely on these medicines. Thus, the purity of these medicines becomes an important factor. If these medicines are not pure the HCP might induce antigenic reactions in the patient also these HCPs if proteolytic may degrade the desired amount of mAb to be effective as dose, thus making the medicine ineffective over a period. Thus here, we report results of the studies relating to the most interactive HCPs which isolated along with mAb and studied their interactions to design the wash process accordingly. Using the proteome of Chinese Hamster, the hotspot for the proteins were found using Aggrescan. Structure prediction was done using threading software’s Bhageerath, Pyre 2, Multicom-Raptor-X, Robetta and I-TASSER. The model generated was further validated by Independent servers Prochek, Verify-3d, Errat and with meta servers such as Protsav and SAVES. The models were refined using 3D refine and galaxy refine. The best models were docked with mAb using cluspro to identify the interactions between HCP and mAb then find the amino acid interaction profile using PDB-Sum and further work on developing modified wash process to break these bonds and obtain pure mAb to ensure effective treatment by functionally characterizing the proteins.

碩士
龍華科技大學
工程技術研究所
98
In all kinds of manufacture processes of plastic products, injection molding has attributes of easy forming, automation, low cost, and one shot for complex features. It has been applied in home appliance, cosmetics, technology products, and automobile components, and it is the most widely used manufacturing in industry. Along with 3C marketing trends and the evolution of plastic industry, all kinds of products become delicate and elaborated by the needs of end-users. “In-mold decoration” is the most popular technology in surface treatment industry. Among in-mold technology, IMR (In-Mold Roller), which applies mold transferring technique combining printing and injection, is the most commonly adopted in 3C industry. To achieve printing effects, IMR is using plastic injection over PET film and patterns on film will be transferred onto the surface of component. Unlike traditional complicated multi-stage printing process, IMR is more environmental, energy saving and reducing carbon emissions and pollutions. IMR can create different printing effects and also increase wearing resistance capability. In order to keep final injection products without “ink wash” phenomenon, this study follows Taguchi method and uses an injection molding of mass production as the platform of experiments to optimize the injection molding parameters. The results of this study get the best of ink wash process parameters, which will help the industry to reduce manufacture cost and time of development process.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2007
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-105).

碩士
國立臺南大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
93
The problem solving process of students in elementary school was studied. Two steps involved in this study. The first step was the understanding of the difficulties of students for the resolution of problem with the proposition of “how” and “why”. The findings of this step were: 1. Qualitative researching was better method for the study of problem solving. 2. Boys had better performance than girls. 3. The ability of artwork of students influences the problem solving. 4. The ability of problem solving of boys was better than girls. 5. The problem solving was interfered by the misconceptions of students. The second step of this study was to understand the model of students for the resolution of the problem of strategy formation and the problem of theory formation. The findings were: 1. Four types of model were found for the resolution of the problem of strategy formation in this study. 2. The process of resolving was completed and better design and performance were achieved in the cyclic model of problem solving. 3. Three types of model were found for the resolution of the problem of theory formation.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子工程系
91
When the gate oxide thickness downs to 1.0 nm regime, the direct-tunneling current becomes main key issue for high-performance CMOS beyond 0.1μm. In my research work, we have developed high-quality silicon oxynitride (SiON) with physical thickness 1.0 nm (EOT = 0.86 nm) gate dielectric using rapid thermal processing (RTP). The 1.0 nm ultra-thin oxynitride was grown by rapid thermal process in N2 and O2 mixed gas ambient, in term of oxidation temperature, process time control and the flow ratio of N2/O2 mixed gas as comparison with O2 grown oxide. The thickness of oxynitride film is determined by ellipsometer and verified by high resolution TEM (HR-TEM). The experiments show that 1.0nm SiON oxynitride grown by RTP at 900℃ for 15 sec has the lowest density of the interface states and the leakage current is two orders lower than that of a RTO sample. This excellent experimental result is due to a proper amount of nitrogen incorporated in the thin oxynitride film during RTP oxidation process in N2/O2 mixed gas ambient. The nitrogen incorporated can improve the integrity of thin oxynitride film and the interface state between the Si-substrate and ultra-thin oxynitride film.

碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
94
Several papers had pointed out zero valent iron could degrade atrazine effectively. However, different operation conditions applied among these studies make the results quite different. In this study, Zero-valent iron (ZVI) for degradation of atrazine was applied in different treatment process and the results were compared. Three treatment systems were studied, including (1) zero valent iron column bed reactor, (2) fluidized zero valent iron reactor, and (3) zero valent iron purging bed reactor. All of them have their inherited advantages and disadvantages which will be elucidated along with the suggestions of best operational conditions for these processes. Both reductive and oxidative mechanisms are responsible for degradation of atrazine on our experiment. In the fluidized zero valent iron reactor and zero valent iron purging bed reactor, the degradation of atrazine by reductive mechanism is a much slower process than that by oxidative mechanism, and is pH dependent. At pHs of 3 and 2, atrazine degradation efficiency increased with increasing ZVI dosages, up to 70% and 90%. But the increasing trend is not observed for system controlled at pH 4.0. It is due to passive surface coating by corrosion iron products at this pH. The concentration of hydrogen at pH 4 is not enough to reduce the amount of iron corrosion products, which influence transfer of electrons and reduce the effectiveness of atrazine degradation. Therefore, operational pH of under 3 is suggested. But the effect of pH is not the same with that observed in column bed reactor. The effectiveness of atrazine degradation is better when influent pH is controlled at near neutral. When influent pH was controlled at acidic range, more iron corrosion products were produced, decreasing the effectiveness of atrazine degradation. Addition of H2O2 greatly enhanced removal of atrazine through Fenton reaction, and atrazine degradation was completely within the first few minutes of reaction.

碩士
輔仁大學
西班牙語文學系碩士班
105
El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en la metodología interdisciplinaria de la literatura comparada y precisamente se aplica en él la teoría de individuación de Carl Gustav Jung para dar un análisis de Elena en la obra La soledad era esto de Juan José Millás. Esta novela es la primera obra de Millás tras la muerte de su madre, y trata del metamorfosis de la protagonista Elena, que sufre la crisis de identidad y el sentimiento de la soledad. Esta investigación se enfoca principalmente en los conceptos del proceso de la individuación de C. G. Jung con el fin de realizar un estudio comparativo y una lectura psicoanalítica acerca de dicha obra. Por un lado, la parte de deconstrucción identitaria consiste en averiguar la historia de Elena para descifrar su propia soledad y por el otro, indagamos su transformación personal según el proceso de individuación para la construcción identitaria de Elena. No solamente se procura conseguir una interpretación alternativa, sino también promover las discusiones e investigaciones entre la literatura y los estudios psicoanalíticos. Palabra clave: La soledad era esto, Juan José Millás, Carl Gustav Jung, individuación, psicoanálisis

碩士
國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
101
Surface passivation layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films (α-Si:H) in heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cell was prepared by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-CVD). The process parameters effects on films of surface passivation were investigated. In this study, the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) has been used as a tool for analyzing the plasma spectrum and tried to find out the relationship to the deposition properties under varying process settings such as microwave power, pressure, magnetic field resonance position, temperature, and dilution ratio. The thin film properties were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Ellipsometry. The surface passivation quality was determined by photo-conductance lifetime tester. The result showed that the stable and high quality of passivated amorphous silicon thin films could be obtained under the parameters of including thickness of 20nm, dilution ratio of 0.2, microwave power of 500W, substrate temperature of 300℃, pressure of 5mTorr and magnetic field configuration are of 40A, 12A and 22A which represents main coil, inner coil and outer coil current respectively. The thin film properties could be optimized after annealing process under the temperature 270 ˚C for 120sec. The lifetime of passivated amorphous silicon thin films increased from 523.79μsec to 1.18msec, the implied Voc increased from 626.48mV to 657.48mV, the microstructure parameter (R*) decreased from 0.2 to 0.18, and the hydrogen content (CH) decreased from 32.7% to 31.6%.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.