Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „War – Moral and ethical aspects – Fiction”
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1
Briciu, Bianca. "Compassion and trauma in affective witnessing: The case of A Private War". International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 18, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00057_1.
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This article analyses the architecture of affective witnessing in the biographical film, A Private War (Michael Heineman 2018), representing the life and work of famous war correspondent, Marie Colvin. Focusing on the self-reflexive representation of affective witnessing in the film, the article discusses the ethical aspects of compassion in war reporting and the politics of trauma and moral injury with their dangerous impact on the life of the protagonist. Affective witnessing implies an ethical position of compassion and responsibility for the victims of war, but it also implies various levels of trauma, with maladaptive effects on the psyche of war correspondents. The analysis of the film is the basis for a theoretical exploration of the affective practice of witnessing and the dangers of trauma and moral injury that accompany the work of war journalists.
2
DOBRE, Cristian. "War Psychology and the Military Moral Dilemmas". Romanian Military Thinking 2022, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
3
Timizhev, K. T., i N. B. Bosieva. "MORAL-ETHICAL ASPECTS IN THE ESSAYS ABOUT THE WAR IN KABARDIAN LITERATURE". Historical and social-educational ideas 7, nr 7/2 (21.01.2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2015-7-7/2-282-287.
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Shagbanova, Khabiba Sadyrovna. "Role of fiction literature in formation of personality of a staff member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation". NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2020.1.33405.
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This article is dedicated to the influence of fiction literary works upon the moral, ethical and intellectual level of staff members, as well as increase of professionalism of the employees of law enforcement. It is noted that increase of professionalism is one of the multifaceted questions requiring integral approach in solution of the tasks of legal, ethical and psychological nature. Improvement of personal qualities of each employee is a determining factor of increasing efficiency and performance of the entire system of law enforcement agencies. It is claimed that personal development is the key to increasing professionalism. The article examines the content of educational aspect of fiction literature and its significant role in formation of personality of staff members of law enforcement agencies, namely moral qualities through a literary character. Analysis is conducted on the main aspects of the heritage of fiction literature as an essential condition for moral upbringing of the staff members, which is reflected in belonging to a noble actions, achievements and heroism of the previous generations. The author develops recommendations for the units on application of artistic means in the process of formation of personality of staff members of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
5
Kirillova, I. Yu. "CHUVASH DRAMA ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, nr 3 (13.07.2021): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-3-603-607.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of Chuvash plays dedicated to the Great Patriotic War; reveals the peculiarities of their poetics and problems, shows conflict situations that reveal heroic characters. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the plays by N. Aizman, N. Terentyev, M. Yuhma, A. Vasiliev, M. Belov, N. Sidorov, and others. They are united by the themes of courage, heroism, the feat of Soviet people on the battlefield and in the rear. Whereas in the early decades dramatists focused their attention directly on combat events, modern war plays are filled with deep moral content, their plots are distinguished by the sharpness of moral choices, revealing the moral and ethical aspects of the individual.
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Muliarchuk, Yevhen. "Hatred as a moral feeling in war time". Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, nr 3 (3.11.2022): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.03.098.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of hatred in philosophic, psychological, and ethical aspects, and of its motivating role during the war. Explicating the philosophical un- derstanding of hatred, the author analyzes the “Treatise of Human Nature” by Hume and ex- plains the structure of hatred as the unity of the elements “cause-object-end” as well as the role of empathy in their genesis. In the article, the author proves that hatred as a passion is not a hu- man instinct or only an emotion, while having an intention towards the understanding of another person and ethical evaluation of his or her motives and actions. The author analyzes the psycho- logical structure of hatred as a durable complex of negative attitudes, motives, emotions, and dispositions of a person formed in individual and social existence. The multilevel way of experience and content of hatred explicated by the range from simple negation of other beings to the ex- pression of moral judgement and demand of the retribution of hurt and struggle against evil. The author analyzes the concept of hatred by R. and K. Sternberg as a negation of intimacy of the other combined with various emotions and commitments of a person to act. Based on that, the article discusses the possibilities of the acquisition of ethical content by hatred and analyzes the typology of hatred by J. Gee (simple hatred, prejudicial hatred, malice and spite, retributive hatred, and moral hatred). The author of the article argues that the higher forms of conscious and controlled hatred possess rational components and moral content. The author concludes that the retributive hatred as a reactive moral attitude towards the blame of the wrongdoer and the de- mand of holding him responsible is an appropriate form of motivation for the resistance during the war and the establishment of peace. This kind of hatred plays a legitimate role in a mature person’s moral life and can be ethically justified.
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Bolton, Jonathan. "Mendacity, Rule Consequentialist Ethics and The Ploughman's Lunch". Film-Philosophy 26, nr 1 (luty 2022): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2022.0188.
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This article examines Ian McEwan's script for director Richard Eyre's film, The Ploughman's Lunch (1983), the title of which alludes to a deceptive, post-World War II advertising campaign that promulgated a false narrative about British tradition. McEwan's script, and Eyre's film adaptation of it, offer a prescient exposé of Britain's culture of mendacity in the 1980s in ways that draw on rule-consequentialist ethics to maintain that lying on the personal, professional, and political level has a pernicious effect on society. McEwan's work on the film also marks a crucial turning point in the author's career, one in which he first begins to explore complex ethical and moral conundrums that would figure prominently in his major fiction.
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Mallan, Kerry. "Everything You Do: Young Adult Fiction and Surveillance in an Age of Security". International Research in Children's Literature 7, nr 1 (lipiec 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2014.0110.
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Espionage, surveillance and clandestine operations by secret agencies and governments were something of an East–West obsession in the second half of the twentieth century, a fact reflected in literature and film. In the twenty-first century, concerns of the Cold War and the threat of Communism have been rearticulated in the wake of 9/11. Under the rubric of ‘terror’ attacks, the discourses of security and surveillance are now framed within an increasingly global context. As this article illustrates, surveillance fiction written for young people engages with the cultural and political tropes that reflect a new social order that is different from the Cold War era, with its emphasis on spies, counter espionage, brainwashing and psychological warfare. While these tropes are still evident in much recent literature, advances in technology have transformed the means of tracking, profiling and accumulating data on individuals’ daily activities. Little Brother, The Hunger Games and Article 5 reflect the complex relationship between the real and the imaginary in the world of surveillance and, as this paper discusses, raise moral and ethical issues that are important questions for young people in our age of security.
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DOBRE, Cristian. "Psihologia de război și dilemele morale ale militarului". Gândirea Militară Românească 2022, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2022.4.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
10
DOBRE, Cristian. "Psihologia de război și dilemele morale ale militarului". Gândirea Militară Românească 2022, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2022.3.17.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
11
Pchelintseva, Olena. "War, Language and Culture". Zeitschrift für Slawistik 68, nr 3 (11.07.2023): 398–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2023-0020.
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Summary The article presents the analysis of the changes, which have occurred in the linguistic and cultural public consciousness of the Ukrainians since the Russian invasion into Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The research was conducted based on the results of online survey involving respondents from the educational and cultural spheres (teachers, lecturers, museum and library workers, theatrical and literary workers). The choice of this target group was based on the assumption that this professional group is the most sensitive to any changes in the sphere we aim to study. People employed in culture and education are capable of self-reflection, and, in accordance with their professional functions, they have an obvious intellectual, moral, and ethical influence on society, thus bearing the responsibility for the situation and broadcasting their position and attitude to the linguistic situation and culture. According to the results of the survey, many bilingual informants refuse to use Russian, and Russian-speaking Ukrainians attempt to start speaking Ukrainian by studying it independently or taking courses. The analysis showed that Cancelled Russian culture is a phenomenon relevant not only for virtual space. Negative attitudes towards Russia are transferred to classical Russian literature, to Russian-language music content, and, to a lesser extent, to modern fiction. At the same time, a third of the respondents directly or indirectly approve of the use of taboo (swear) words and expressions in public space. The study makes it possible to understand the dynamics of public attitude and the general vector of linguistic and cultural changes.
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Guo, Zhaolei, Jie Ma i Xiaocun Wang. "On the War Ethics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle". Asian Social Science 13, nr 2 (19.01.2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p134.
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The application of the armed UAV has been questioned for years. This paper hopes to examine the ethical rationality of using the armed UAV. Before this, we question some blames from the Pacifists, especially the blaming on using UAV in the military attack on terrorists. Ethical questions about the UAV’ military actions mainly concentrate in two aspects: the right to life and ethics of science and technology. The former involves the subjects' value sequencing and moral selection problem, which requires discussions under specific situations, otherwise it will make no sense. As for the latter, ethics of technology, defects would be resolved in the development. It’s important to not get technological risk and scientific ethics confused, which would make discussions on a wrong way. ions and laws related to deep seabed mining to mitigate its effect to the marine environment coinciding to the requirements of these conventions. The purpose of this study is to explore the preparedness of Malaysia to embark on exploration of deep seabed mining in areas beyond the national jurisdiction while observing the effects of deep seabed mining to the marine environment. The challenges in exploring the deep seabed mining as well as the relevant international and national laws related to deep seabed mining will also be observed in this study.
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Menshikov, Andrey. "Ethical aspects of military leadership in modern warfare (Memoirs of the Commanders-in-Chief in Afghanistan and Chechnya)". Filozofija i drustvo 33, nr 4 (2022): 777–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2204777m.
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While modern normative approaches to ethics of war (just war theories) stumble over theoretical aporia of legitimating ?collective organized violence? such as the war, anthropological approaches to the practical ethics of the military servicemen focus on the lived moral experience and the enacted values of individuals who were placed in the situation of ?total violence?. Drawing on the memoirs of two generals who were Commanders-in-Chief in Afgha?nistan (B. Gromov) and in Chechnya (G. Troshev), the article explores the ethos of military leadership in modern warfare. The article demonstrates that strategic planning of military operations is inseparable from political goals and, therefore, involves military leadership in reflection on whether political goals are legitimate, whether national (and international) civil society should give its support to the military, whether military means are the best option for solving the crisis, and whether there is a viable exit strategy. Both generals declare the fundamental principle of sparing as many lives of their troops as possible in achieving their military objectives. But this principle, in the first case, leads to various attempts at ?freezing? hostilities between opposing forces, whereas in the second step it requires ultimate destruction of the enemy no matter the cost. Thus, the text argues that the ethics of war and the ethos of the military leadership are determined by the way their opponent is framed by the political leadership. In both generals? view, military hostilities ultimately result from political failures.
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Thompson, Faye E. "The Practice Setting: site of ethical conflict for some mothers and midwives". Nursing Ethics 10, nr 6 (listopad 2003): 588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne649oa.
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Practitioners’ ethical orientation and responses vary between practice settings. Yet, currently, the ethics for midwifery practice that is explicit in the literature and which provides the ideals of socialization into practice, is that of bio(medical)ethics. Traditional bioethics, developed because of World War II atrocities and increased scientific research, is based on moral philosophy, normative theory, abstract universal principles and objective problem solving, all of which focus on right and wrong ‘action’ for resolving dilemmas. They exclude context and relationship. Personal narratives of mothers and midwives contest the appropriateness of these accepted values and systems for childbirth because they induce conflict between work-place/service provider ethics and personal/professional midwifery ethics. In contrast to the disembedded and disembodied approach of biomedical ethics, an ethically adequate response in midwifery practice resonates more with the ethics of intimates, such as feminist virtue ethics.
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Rohozha, Mariya, i Valentyna Panchenko. "From history of moral culture toward applied ethics: T. G. Abolina's ethical researches at Kyiv university". UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, nr 2 (11) (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2022.2(11).04.
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The article is focused on the academic legacy of Tetyana G. Abolina (1950–2015), doctor of philosophical sciences, professor of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Ethics as the science paved the way with difficulties at domestic academic environment in the mid of the previous century. It has been transforming from the marxist-leninist propaganda toward moral theory. The ability of a professional ethicist to find one's own path in the field and create personal intellectual niche for academic activity testified the uprise of the worthy of attention theorist. Thus, the 'star' of T. G. Abolina had flared. For 37 years at the University Department of Ethics, Aesthetics and Culture Studies she had come the path from marxist-leninist ethics primarily toward research of history of moral culture in the context of socio-cultural dynamics. Moral culture was comprehended by prof. T. G. Abolina as the system of person's self-affirmation which possessed internal structure and was changing at every level of cultural-historical process in its main and specific characteristics and definite historical forms. Moral culture was understood in integrity of all aspects of practical reason, exposed specifics of historical forms, their internal structure and natural integrity. Last fifteen years of her life, prof. T. G. Abolina came to the theory of applied ethics and ethical expertise in definite fields of social life. She considered applied ethics as the procedure of morally-ethical thinking that is the natural synthesis of theory and practice, immediate usage of theory in practice. The article pays attention to Abolina's understanding of ethical expertise of social projects and practical potentiality of ethical projects in the field of public philosophy as well as ethics application to social practice and her personal 'applied turn' and activities she initiated at that way. The paper deals with the analysis of her personal monograph "Historical Destiny of Morality. Philosophical Analysis of Moral Culture" (1992), her PhD (1982) and doctoral (1999) dissertations. Prof. T. G. Abolina delivered special courses at the faculty of philosophy, which reflected her academic search at each period of time. Main ideas of her courses "Ideas of the New Ethics in the Spiritual Culture of the 20th Century" and "Evil and Fiction" are analyzed in the article.
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Ivanova, O. "FEATURES OF THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NUS TEACHER’S PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY". Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, nr 26 (25.12.2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2022.26.273102.
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The article reveals the problematic aspects of the situation in which Ukrainian teachers found them in connection with the war in Ukraine, who are an intellectual, emotional, and social "resource" for the formation of the younger generation. Due to household, housing, financial and technical difficulties, as well as negative psychological conditions, not all teachers can effectively implement their mission. This problem posed to the psychologists-scientists the task of researching the psychological readiness of the teachers of the NUS for professional activity in the conditions of the war and in the post-war period, in particular, the peculiarities of the development of its communicative component.The author of the article highlighted the results of the research on the development of the communicative component of the psychological readiness of the teacher of the New Ukrainian School for professional activity. The studied phenomenon is defined as a set of purely communicative qualities of a person, his moral-communicative features, and psychological-pedagogical skills, the structure of which is formed by communicative, empathic-reflective, moral-ethical, and emotional-regulatory components. The author reveals the importance of the development of the communicative competence of the teacher of NUS as an indicator of the development of emotional intelligence and psychological readiness for professional activity during the war.
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Denkovska, Milica. "LITERATURE AND ETHICS". SCIENCE International Journal 2, nr 3 (26.09.2023): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0203081d.
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“Literature is the teacher of ethics” (Temkov). If one assumes that literature reflects life, then it only serves to pedagogically illustrate classic questions: how one should behave towards one’s fellow human beings, what virtue and vice are, how conflicts arise and how they are to be solved and which are the highest goods are in life. However, literature itself teaches us much more: it touches delicate issues that no other medium would dare to do. Only literary works can delicately, profoundly and provocative handle questions like love, war, guilt, (un)justice. The modern moral standards would not allow Lolita, Tadzio, or Törleß. New theories of literature and ethics focus on the reading process because ‘literary fiction debates norms and values’. In this paper, the attempt has been made to acknowledge the value of theme diversity in literature in order to broaden the limits of moral dilemmas, but also to discuss the cultural influence, as well as the role of the narrative, author and reader in the comprehension of ethical questions. Bernhard Schlink’s “The Reader” and Peter Handke`s “Winter Journey” are only the tip of the iceberg concerning a much broader topic realm.
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Korte, Barbara. "‘I do not like moral horror’: Spooks and the Ethical Challenge of the Secret Services in Twenty-first Century Britain". Journal of British Cinema and Television 15, nr 3 (lipiec 2018): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2018.0430.
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Spooks (BBC, 2002–11) is a success story of British television that has been noted for the way in which it responded to political and social concerns of the United Kingdom during the time it was produced. In the course of ten seasons, the programme presented the heroism of MI5 officers who defend the realm against the many threats of the twenty-first century. However, its displays of heroic action are always entangled with negotiations of serious ethical questions: Spooks's heroes can perform their duty only because they constantly stretch and transgress the morality of ordinary life. As spy fiction, Spooks also scrutinised political ethics at a time when, during the ‘war on terror’, the practice of politicians was as openly criticised as the work of the intelligence services. This article investigates how Spooks functioned as a morality play for the first decade after 9/11, and how it epitomises the claim that television creates for its viewers a cultural space in which moral ideas can be shared and debated.
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Radojicic, Mirjana. "NATO aggression against FRY: “A war on the border between law and morality”". Filozofija i drustvo 22, nr 3 (2011): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1103137r.
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The paper focuses on the ethical aspects of NATO aggression (or so-called ?humanitarian intervention?), exerted against the FRY, actually Serbia, in the period from March to June 1999. The paper has been conceived as a critical dialogue with J?rgen Habermas, or rather the positions presented by him in a text entitled ?Bestialit?t und Humanit?t: Eine Krieg an der Grenze zwischen Recht und Moral?. Following a short presentation of Habermas?s point of view, in the introduction to her paper the author discusses the moral implications of, as he points out, ?the surgical precision of the air-strikes, as well as the programmatic sparing of the civilian population?, which are, according to him, the characteristics of this aggression with ?a highly legitimating effect?. She then focuses on the key and declaratively moral argument that served to justify the aggression - the protection of human rights of Kosmet Albanians and the prevention of the humanitarian catastrophe they had been allegedly exposed to. After analyzing this argument thoroughly, in several steps, the author concludes that the aggression was not, as Habermas claimed, a ?war on the border between law and morality?, but that it was actually beyond the borders of both law and morality and was deeply situated into a domain of interest-driven armed acts of the US foreign policy.
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Kabakhidze, Ekaterina L., Marina A. Belogash i Elena L. Avdeeva. "The concept of just war in Russian and American linguistic cultures". SHS Web of Conferences 103 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110302008.
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The study examines the concept of just war in the military-political discourse and technologies of manipulating the mass consciousness used by the leaders of the Russian and American states in speeches based on the idea of just war. Lexical and semantic analysis of the lexemes “just” and “war” in Russian and English is carried out. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing attention to the military-political discourse and actualization of the concept. It received consistent substantiation and development in the works of medieval scholastics. In the 21st century, it serves the purposes of moral and ethical justification of modern military conflicts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the concept of just war at the lexical and semantic level and describe its ontological foundations and implementation in the Russian and American mental lexicons. Based on the analysis, the authors have identified general and particular aspects of the just war concept in the Russian and American mental lexicons and described the mechanisms of mind control in the political discourses of B. Obama and V.V. Putin.
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Kovalchuk, Olena. "Reflections on the war theme in Ukrainian scenographic content of the XX — early XXI century". Art Research of Ukraine, nr 22 (29.11.2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31500/2309-8155.22.2022.270881.
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The article deals with the main projects of Ukrainian theater artists, which are related to a wide range of war/military issues and topics. The author presents the material in historical contexts of the XX — early XXI century. The author analyzes the appearance of iconic works of art, their figurative components as response of art to the aggravation of political situations, excessive society ideologization, and the cultivation of morally aggressive doctrines. The discussed issues include the analyzes of theatrical issues related to the questions of dehumanization of society, unity and opposition of power and nation, moral and ethical aspects of military genius in his interactions/disputes with the state and the ‘people factor’ in critical moments of history and conflicts.
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COGGON, JOHN. "Confrontations in “Genethics”: Rationalities, Challenges, and Methodological Responses". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000617.
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It was only a matter of time before the portmanteau term “genethics” would be coined and a whole field within bioethics delineated. The term can be dated back at least to 1984 and the work of James Nagle, who claims credit for inventing the word, which he takes “to incorporate the various ethical implications and dilemmas generated by genetic engineering with the technologies and applications that directly or indirectly affect the human species.” In Nagle’s phrase, “Genethic issues are instances where medical genetics and biotechnology generate ethical problems that warrant societal deliberation.” The great promises and terrific threats of developments in scientific understanding of genetics, and the power to enhance, modify, or profit from the knowledge science breeds, naturally offer a huge range of issues to vex moral philosophers and social theorists. Issues as diverse as embryo selection and the quest for immortality continue to tax analysts, who offer reasons as varied as the matters that might be dubbed “genethical” for or against the morality of things that are actually possible, logically possible, and even just tenuously probable science fiction.
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Kondala, Shadreck. "Didactic Titles in Literature: A Look at Selected Zambian-Language Literary Works". Journal of Law and Social Sciences 3, nr 1 (30.09.2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.3.1.448.
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This paper is a descriptive exploration of selected titles of Zambianlanguage literary works that contain in them didactic aspects, that is, forms of general advisory statements and proverbs/sayings as actual titles of the particular books. It demonstrates that the use of proverbial titles makes these works of fiction more concerned with didacticism rather than
entertainment. This moralistic disposition which apparently seems to be
a trademark of many authors in Zambian languages is a manifestation of the influence of traditional African orature in general and Zambian oral cultures in particular which places emphasis on the teaching of moral values in storytelling. This paper is guided by two literary theoretical approaches namely: the sociological approach which posits that literature should act as a mirror of society as well as to provide solutions for the society; and the ethical approach especially the idea that art should be morally sound.
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Vakulinskaya, Аleksandra I. "Dostoevsky's Social Ideal and “Revived School of Natural Law”". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 64 (30.06.2021): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2021-0-2-270-279.
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This article deals with the influence of the ideas raised in Dostoevsky’s works on some representatives of the “revived school of natural law” in Russia. The author analyzes the ethical aspects of the Russian writer’s creative work, which are closely connected with the social and legal sphere of society. The article presents the interpretation of Dostoevsky's social ideal in the philosophical and legal works of P.I. Novgorodtsev, V.S. Solovyov, E.N. Trubetskoy and I.A. Ilyin. The author analyzes the origins of the idea of moral interconnectedness of the individual and society found in the works of one or other philosopher of law. It is emphasized that the work of F.M. Dostoevsky was most in demand with Russian thinkers during the periods of the greatest social upheavals, such as war or revolution. The author comes to the conclusion that the reflections on the moral interconnectedness of individual and society, found in the works of the writer, became the foundation of the idealistic philosophical and legal theory in Russia.
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Farré, Sébastien. "The ICRC and the detainees in Nazi concentration camps (1942–1945)". International Review of the Red Cross 94, nr 888 (grudzień 2012): 1381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000489.
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AbstractA sharp debate has emerged about the importance of humanitarian organisations speaking out against misdeeds and, more generally, on the ethical and moral aspects of doing humanitarian work in the face of mass violence. That debate has pushed out of the spotlight a number of essential questions regarding the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Second World War. The aim of this text is to scrutinize the ICRC's humanitarian operations for detainees of Nazi concentration camps during the final phase of the war in Europe. We look beyond the risks faced by ICRC delegates working in Germany to show how difficult the organisation found it to carry out a humanitarian operation for concentration-camp detainees in the very particular circumstances that prevailed in Europe at that time. The ICRC was an organisation designed to collect information on and to protect and assist prisoners of war, and its hastily mounted response is indicative of the strenuous task it faced in re-inventing itself during the final stages of the war and the minor role it was assigned in the occupation programmes imposed by the Allied forces.
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Chokoeva, Dilbar. "QUESTIONS OF PARTICIPATION OF ELEMENTS OF INTUITION, ARCHETYPE AND COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS IN FICTION". Alatoo Academic Studies 23, nr 4 (30.12.2023): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.234.35.
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Subject of the article: scientific analysis of the content of the "magic realism" method in Russian literature. Purpose: to conduct a scientific analysis of the thoughts and actions of the heroes of realistic works of national literature: how the elements of intuition, the national archetype and collective consciousness are involved, and in what "methods" magical realism is created. Research method: comparative literature. In the article: The origins of the "magic realism" of the Kyrgyz national literature: attempts to prove it in the mythological and folklore works of the Kyrgyz, in their traditions and ideas formed from a divine point of view, in their moral and ethical principles, in the collective national consciousness (subconscious), archetype and in the personal intuition of the characters. As a result, there will be an attempt to scientifically prove that intuition, archetype and origin of collective consciousness: "quantum field", ancient. The practical significance of the article: the rationale for the transformation of Russian fiction from the aspect of magical realism and the laws of the "quantum field" into the actual aspect of the study. The relevance of continuing this topic in the future: there is no doubt that a scientific analysis of the origins of magical realism in our national literature from the above aspects will give very interesting results. consciousness with discrete ideas about the possibilities of quantum physics.
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Marchukov, Andrey. "Socio-ethical consequences of the German and Romanian occupation (on the example of the southern and eastern regions of the USSR)". Slavic Almanac 2022, nr 3-4 (2022): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.1.06.
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The article dwells upon some social and moral consequences of the German-Romanian occupation in the Ukrainian SSR in 1941–1944. The source base are transcripts of conversations conducted by the staff of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union with residents of Donbass, Odessa, Melitopol, etc. at the end of 1943 – the first half of 1944. These were people of different ages, professions, social groups who had survived the occupation or had come to these areas immediately after their liberation. The policy of the German and Romanian invaders and their behavior, among other things, had negatively affected the state of legal culture, crime, labor and family relations, and the moral state of society. For example, the phenomenon of bribery had grown dramatically. For some people it was a means of enrichment, while for some others it was a way to survive the inhumane conditions of the occupation. Speculation had acquired a huge scale and had sometimes been a way to survive in the conditions of the socio-economic policy pursued by the invaders. Prostitution, legalized by the occupiers, and the moral corruption and sexual promiscuity imposed by them became a negative moment. These and many other negative aspects required from the Soviet government and from the people additional efforts to overcome the socio-ethical consequences of the occupation.
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Kowalska, Jolanta, i Piotr Kędzia. "Education through sport with the principle of fair play in pre-war Łódź – a city of cultural differences". Studia z Teorii Wychowania XV, nr 2 (47) (29.06.2024): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6576.
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The educational aspects of sports were recognized during the development of sports along with its educational values, character formation, including the adherence to the fair play principle, primarily in English schools. Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, based his philosophy of Olympism on them, aiming for the development of athletes from different nations. Łódź, a multicultural place – a "small center of games" at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, was such a place. Sport and various forms of physical activity were the foundation for bringing together people from different social, cultural, and religious backgrounds in this rapidly growing industrial city.The Western European genealogy of fair play contains elements of medieval chivalric ethos, ethical virtues of Renaissance courtiers, and the moral ideals of a 19th-century English gentleman. The supplement to the fair play idea also includes the ethical sports contexts present in the histories of local sports communities. The overview of selected documents presented in this article testifies to the significant role of sport, along with the fair play principle, in the creation of a common, multicultural, industrial city. It also encourages a brief presentation of pioneering actions aimed at popularizing sports with the fair play principle during the development of Łódź.
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Melash, V., А. Varenychenko i О. Voznyuk. "METHODICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL AND VALEOLOGICAL EDUCATION OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS". Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, nr 2(109) (19.10.2022): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.2(109).2022.78-94.
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The article is devoted to the methodical aspects of ecological and valeological education of junior schoolchildren with special educational needs. The methods of ecological and valeological education as well as the means of pedagogical interaction with the schoolchildren are determined, which contribute to the formation of their ecological consciousness, competence, and culture, considering individual features (age, psycho-physiological ones). The methods of development of ecological consciousness in the children with special educational needs aimed at mastering ecological ideas and ecological-ethical concepts and norms, the methods of formation of ecologically balanced behaviour, as well as the methods of stimulating moral feelings and motives of behaviour are specified. The means of ecological and valeological education of the schoolchildren with the peculiarities in mental development are specified: direct communication with nature (admiring nature, excursions, some natural therapeutic methods, etc.); inclusion in various subject-practical activities (ecological and valeological games, collective creative work, ecological projects, environmental actions, practical works); activation of cognitive interest by artistic means (folklore and oral folk art, musical works, presentations and educational films, feature films, fiction, fine arts, fairy tales, etc.). It is proved that for the education of ecological and valeological culture in the schoolchildren with special educational needs, it is advisable to primarily develop emotional, value and sensory spheres with the help of outlined methods of ecological consciousness development, the methods of forming ecologically balanced behaviour, and the methods of stimulating moral feelings and motives. The defined methodical aspects of ecological and valeological education in junior schoolchildren with special educational needs enable to effectively implement the ecological education in an inclusive environment and fulfil their purpose – to help the schoolchildren with special educational needs to develop personality potential, social rehabilitation and self-realization, to act ecologically competently and safely for promoting the sustainable development of their homeland and their own well-being.
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Herzog, Markwart. "Footballers as Soldiers. Rituals of Masculinity in Twentieth-Century Germany: Physical, Pedagogical, Political, Ethical and Social Aspects". STADION 43, nr 2 (2019): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-250.
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Since the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, football squads have defined themselves as exclusively male domains with explicit military characteristics. The rules and tactics of football used to be interpreted in categories of battle orders. Furthermore, football language is full of concepts and ideas which derive directly from the terminology of the military. This issue extends to various aspects of German football culture. Early textbooks of football training, dietetics and hygiene understood the physical constitution of football players in terms of tough, soldierly masculinity. German squads used to practise tough, masculine rituals of initiation, comradeship and discipline. Some of the fundamental rituals in this context were derived from the everyday life of the barracks. The military-athletic masculinity of football and the crude ideals and rituals of German student fraternities reflected important social differences between these groups. Military connotations are an important reason for the long-lasting exclusion of women from football culture - not only in Germany. Like the military terminology of football, the moral representation of the players as national heroes who are prepared to accept subordination within a team of fighters can also be found nowadays. This paper will describe the roots of the soldierly, athletic paradigm that inspired football culture even after the Second World War.
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Nissanka, Ruwini Uthpala. "The Concept of ‘Inventiveness of Machines’: How Ready is Patent Law to Afford the Creative Inventiveness of Artificial Intelligence?" KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, nr 1 (8.07.2024): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjms.v6i1.114.
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Making science fiction a reality, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative drive in almost every aspect of human life today. With the advancements of modern technology, AI has acquired the ability to think like humans and create inventions that are economically worthwhile. The concept of ‘inventiveness of machines’ has become a focal point in the field of intellectual property law at present. It has compelled the world to reconsider the parameters of patent law in terms of protecting AI inventors and inventions of AI. Simultaneously, the procurement of patents for inventions of AI has posed challenges not only in the legal field but also in ethical and moral aspects. As AI is gradually becoming an undeniable part of human life, every nation will have to adopt the developments of AI technology into their legal systems sooner or later. Taking the prevailing definitions of ‘inventor’ into account, this research mainly discusses whether machine inventors and human inventors be given equal protection of law or whether there should be different dimensions of protection. This paper also discusses the moral and ethical dilemma of granting legal recognition for AI inventors while examining the capability of existing legal framework including Sri Lanka in accommodating the inventiveness of machines. This research was carried out using mixed method approach. Literature review, qualitative and empirical research methodologies and comparative analysis were incorporated to strengthen the study. The paper concludes by highlighting the need of legislative intervention of competent authorities to reconsider the legal parameters to accommodate the possible challenges waiting to be imposed by inventiveness of machine in future. This paper also introduces the concept of ‘collaborative inventiveness of humans and AI’ and suggests recommendations to amend existing laws in a manner that they afford the technological advancements of modern times.
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Firsov, S. L. "At the turning point: the Russian Orthodox Church in years of great upheavals (about new monograph by A. S. Puchenkov, V. V. Kalinovsky)". Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity 7, nr 1 (2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2022-7-1-62-68.
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The article analyzes the monograph by A. S. Puchenkov and V. V. Kalinovsky «Spiritual Outpost of Russia. Orthodox clergy of the Crimea in 1914–1920», dedicated to the activities of Orthodox clergy of the Crimea at a turning point in Russian history — from the beginning of the Great War to the end of the Civil War in Russia. A. S. Puchenkov and V. V. Kalinovsky, in the opinion of the reviewer, are able to competently put together both sources known to experts for a long time, and documents that they introduced into historical circulation for the first time. S. L. Firsov separately emphasizes as a positive fact that the authors paid significant attention to the study of the moral and ethical state of the Orthodox population of Crimea having examined various aspects of the influence of faith on his life. According to S. L. Firsov, A. S. Puchenkov and V. V. Kalinovsky made a worthy contribution to the study of the issue of Russian confession and the martyrs of the faith, writing an honest and sincere book, useful for everyone interested in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church of the XX century and the history of the Russian Revolution.
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Ivanytskyy, Sergiy, i Demyd Morozov. "Realization of the right to free legal aid: constitutional and sectoral aspects". Constitutional and legal academic studies, nr 1 (15.10.2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2663-5399.2023.1.02.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the constitutional and sectoral aspects of the realization of the right to free legal aid, to determine the optimal subject of administration of the system of free secondary legal aid in Ukraine.Research methods. The methodological basis of this work is a complex of general scientific and special methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, in particular, dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical, statistical method, as well as methods of modeling, analysis and synthesis, etc.Results and conclusions. According to art. 59 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On free legal aid», procedural codes and by-laws, an extensive system of free legal aid has been created in Ukraine, including the provision of free primary and secondary legal aid.Despite the harsh conditions of a full-scale war, the free legal aid system has demonstrated institutional stability and an intention to develop and strengthen its human resources. The advocate’s corpus is an advanced vanguard and the basis of the FLA system, which is able to solve difficult professional and ethical issues that arose in connection with the russian military invasion. The realization of the management (administration) function of the FSLA system should be carried out by the Coordination center for legal aid provision. The transfer of this function to the bodies of the Ukrainian national bar association is not justified and carries the risks of reducing the clarity of the distribution of assignments for the provision of FSLA between advocates and payment for their services from the state budget.Many ukrainian advocates have changed ethical approaches to protect those suspected of committing crimes related to facilitating russian military aggression. The main reasons were patriotic beliefs, risks of human condemnation, identification of advocate and client, reputational and moral factors.To increase trust and transparency in the work of the FSLA system, it is advisable to stage the introduction of automated distribution of assignments among advocates based on certain criteria.
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Marsili, Marco. "Morals and Ethics in Counterterrorism". Conatus 8, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.34495.
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Political leaders, philosophers, sociologists, historians, political scientists, law scholars and economists approach terrorism in diverse ways, especially its definition. Politicians assign the meaning to the term terrorism that best suits them. Political scientists analyze the actions of those in the geopolitical framework. Moral philosophers look at terrorism from the viewpoint of fairness. Historians make a comparative assessment of the phenomenon through its evolution over time, and scholars of law simply dissect counterterrorism measures and assess their consistency with customs and current legislation. Sociologists stress the importance of culture, social relationships and social interactions. Eventually, politicians and lawmakers are not immune to the influence of the common ethics and morals of their own societies and the uses and habits of their own cultures, including religious aspects. Morals and ethics relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct; the first provides guiding principles, and the latter refers to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. While morals are concerned with principles of right and wrong, ethics are related to right and wrong conduct of an individual in a particular situation. Ethics, morals and religion are intertwined in the antithetical principles “good and evil.” This work aims to scrutinize the crucial concept of just and unjust war, and just and unjust combatants, and to elaborate on some critical moral and ethical elements within the modern understanding of the interplay between terrorism, counterterrorism, fundamental human rights, and international humanitarian law. Through the examination of all pertinent theoretical positions the paper seeks to shed light on the limits of the use of force and the justification of the violation of fundamental rights in the War on Terror.
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Nachlik, Olesia. "“YOU CAN’T LIVE REMEMBERING, BUT YOU CAN’T LIVE FORGETTING”: UKRAINIAN RECEPTION OF CONTEMPORARY POLISH LITERARY REPORTS ABOUT THE WAR (W. TOCHMAN, W. JAGIELSKI, W. GÓRECKI)". Polish Studies of Kyiv, nr 36 (2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2020.36.263-275.
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During the last few years in Ukrainian translations appear more and more books belonging to non-fiction literature, including literary reports. The current popularity of this genre on the Ukrainian book market, as well as among readers, is caused by the topicality of the issues raised in such texts. A separate place in the Ukrainian reception of translations of contemporary Polish literature is occupied by the subject of war conflicts, because one of them during last several years takes place in Ukraine. So we perceive in the Ukrainian public discourse a sharp demand to discuss important and painful for most Ukrainians problems, related to rethinking of the ethical categories, moral values and adopting of traumatic experience related to war. Reports by W. Tochman (translated in 2009), W. Górecki (in 2018) and W. Jagielski (in 2019) devoted to completed or ongoing conflicts described in private stories, are not only testimonies of the fate of specific people, but they are also an element of the collective memory of nations. In the article have been analyzed texts-reactions that show the main accents of Ukrainian interpretations of these works. They all are connected by thinking about man and his world in and after the war, an attempt to search for its causes and effects, as well as the possibility of learning for the existence after the war with overcoming the pain, despair, hostility and mutual accusations of those who survived in it. In addition, the article has proved the important role of report, thanks to its reminder function, for modern Ukrainians in (re)updating the traumatic experience as part of their collective memory, which was removed from historical narrative in Soviet times, but is now being absorbed because of the war in the Donbas region. Separate attention (on the example of the Caucasian microcosm of Abkhazia) was devoted to sociological and historical analysis by the recipients of Ukrainian quasi-states with disputed borders and an unclear status with the inhabitants, who are constantly looking for their identity and being in the difficult relations with the rest of the world, which denies them to exist.
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Papadodima, Efi. "The Rhetoric of Fear in Euripides’Phoenician Women". Antichthon 50 (listopad 2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ann.2016.4.
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AbstractIn accordance with its notoriously rich plot,Phoenician Womenexplores diverse aspects of fear that affect, and are thematised by, various parties at different stages of the plot.1Against the background of a virtually ‘irrational’ and inescapable divine necessity (treated as a source of dread in itself), Euripides presents the play’s central crisis as being largely determined by rational and controlled decision-making, within an array of moral disputes that enter the scene. The agents’ decision-making standardly comprises diverging, conflicting, or inconsistent attitudes towards fear and related emotions, such as shame (in both past and present).The rhetoric of fear thus reflects and further highlights the characters’ conflicting viewpoints, as well as Euripides’ trademark tendency to toy with his audience’s expectations and assumptions about ethical values and what is ‘right’. This article argues that his approach is substantially different from the Aeschylean treatment of the same myth (Seven against Thebes). By offering a concrete and abstract treatment of the situational anxieties over war and familial feud, Euripides’ rhetoric of fear ultimately shifts the focus to the complexities and contradictions of human motivation.
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Шмелев, Д. В. "Revolution, Communism and Totalitarianism in Georges Bernanos’ Works". Диалог со временем, nr 83(83) (31.07.2023): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.83.83.009.
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В статье исследуется жизненный путь, художественное творчество и публицистика крупнейшего французского католического писателя первой половины XX в. Жоржа Бернаноса. Несмотря на переводы на русский язык его художественных произведений, дневников и части публицистики, его политические взгляды, ангажированность почти не изучались. Вместе с тем они представляют интерес с точки зрения формирования правой, традиционалисткой позиции французских интеллектуалов перед лицом русской революции, советского опыта строительства нового общества социальной справедливости и равенства, торжества и крушения тоталитарных идеологий. Позиция Бернаноса – это позиция думающего католика, размышляющего о кризисе веры и причинах упадка западной христианской цивилизации, противостоящей советскому коммунизму. Восприятие Бернаносом революционных потрясений и тоталитарного опыта в Европе прошло через травматизм Первой мировой войны, разрыв с Шарлем Моррасом, морально-этический выбор в период гражданской войны в Испании и борьбу с фашизмом в годы Второй мировой войны. Статья написана на основе художественных произведений, дневников, эссе и статей в газетах, опубликованных Бернаносом в период между двумя мировыми войнами. The article examines the life path, artistic creativity and journalism of the largest French Catholic writer of the first half of the XX century, Georges Bernanos, was chosen. Despite the translations into Russian of his works of art, diaries and parts of his journalism, his political views and engagement were almost not studied. At the same time, they are of interest from the point of view of the formation of the right-wing, traditionalist position of French intellectuals in the face of the Russian revolution, the Soviet experience of building a new society of social justice and equality, the triumph and collapse of totalitarian ideologies. The position of Bernanos is the position of a thinking catholic reflecting on the crisis of faith and the causes of the decline of Western Christian civilization opposing Soviet communism. Bernanos perception of the revolutionary upheavals and totalitarian experience in Europe went through the traumatism of the World War I, the break with Charles Maurras, the moral and ethical choice during the Spanish Civil War and the fight against fascism during the World War II. The article is written on the basis of works of fiction, diaries, essays and articles in newspapers published by Bernanos in the Interwar period.
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Estany Profitós, Anna. "Biología y guerra: una perspectiva pragmática". Humanities Journal of Valparaiso, nr 14 (29.12.2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2019iss14pp91-116.
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An approach to the philosophy of biology in the 21st century requires going beyond its epistemological side, betting on pragmatic aspects, in the sense of the social impact of the instrumentalization of biological developments. These advances have both beneficial and harmful consequences for humanity. Among the latter, it is its use for military conflicts, as a result of advances in biotechnology. The objective of this work is to address the role of biological knowledge in wars, analyzing some especially relevant cases such as bioterrorism, but also other types of conflicts in which biology, broadly understood with its different branches, plays an important role. First, I will introduce the most important concepts in the relationship between biology and war, taking into account historical precedents in this area. Secondly, since biology enters in military conflicts, I will address the case of bioterrorism as one of the most pressing problems in that it is one of the forms that war is currently taking, as well as one of its derivatives, “agroterrorism”, which consists in causing the destruction of crops or the death of livestock that feeds the population. In this regard, I will examine other ways of resolving conflicts in which biological factors play an important role in establishing dominance between two or more nations or populations facing each other, paying special attention to agriculture and livestock. Regarding the possible theoretical models to analyze these conflicts, I will focus on the relationship between pure, applied science and technology, the methodological models of design sciences and ethical and moral reflection.
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Maksymovych, Myroslav. "PROFESSIONAL COMPONENT OF MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHY: LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, REMARKS AND CAUTIONS". Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University: journalism 1, nr 7 (2024): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sjs2024.01.021.
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The article presents an attempt to define the term «military photography» as a genre of photojournalism. The article considers the role and significance of military photography in the modern information space in the context of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war as an element of visual design of texts and one of the important documents of war crimes recording. The relevance of the publication lies in the fact that armed conflicts, local military unrest, or full-scale wars have long been of interest to the audience in terms of visualizing their course. In addition to the information and visibility that society so desires, photographs taken on the contact line between the enemies also become documentary evidence that cannot be denied or refuted. Photographs in the genre of military photography provide irrefutable proof that people or events recorded by technical devices have lived, have happened, are happening, or will continue to live and happen. That is why any photograph is perceived as the most detailed depiction of the facts of visible reality compared to any other image (painting, sculpture). A brief review of the sources on the research topic is made. The views on military photography of both journalism theorists and practicing photojournalists are analyzed. The most important aspects of the professional activity of a photojournalist, violations of ethical norms, problems and challenges faced by photojournalists of modern media in creating and publishing visual content on military topics are outlined. The author emphasizes the legislative requirements and certain prohibitions on the creation of photo illustrations on military topics and the forms of punishment for violators of such regulations. On the basis of legal and regulatory documents, theoretical generalizations and professional requirements, the author provides advice and recommendations to practicing journalists who will work on creating visual content on military topics for modern media. The conclusions emphasize the importance of professional training of photojournalists working in the combat zone. It is emphasized that, in addition to the professional training of photojournalists who will specialize in recording military events, it is important to pay attention to the legal and regulatory documents that regulate the work of photojournalists in war. Knowledge of such a legal framework, moral and ethical codes and professional advice from practicing journalists should be a mandatory component of training programs.
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Aitalieva, Tolkun, Kaliia Kulalieva i Nurjan Sartbekova. "National specificity of the conceptual foundation of the epic poem “Manas”". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, nr 55 (29.01.2024): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.27so5.
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Relevance. The relevance of exploring the conceptual space and the artistic implementation of national elements in epic works is conditioned upon the need to establish international communication about the cultural heritage of the Kyrgyz people and the consolidation of its state status. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to explore the national identity of the Kyrgyz people through the analysis of the conceptual space of the heroic poem “Manas” with the consideration of conceptual categories and nomination of key concepts. Methodology. The following methods are used in this research: analytical-synthetic, selective artistic, conceptual, intertextual, cultural studies, structural, historical and contextual. Results. Using the above methods, the conceptual structure of the heroic epic “Manas” was considered and the following categories were identified: religious, mythological, historical, philosophical, educational and folk and everyday life. In addition, the concepts included in each of these categories were indicated. The research analyzed plots, motifs and images appearing in the text of a work of fiction to develop the national identity of the Kyrgyz people. The moral and ethical values of the nation and the specifics of Kyrgyz’s upbringing and mentality were emphasised. Attention was focused on the historical context of the work and closely related philosophical categories. The results of conceptual modelling are presented in the table. Based on the analysis of Manas, an idea of the cultural, social and literary context of Kyrgyzstan was developed. Conclusions. This work can be used for comparative research of different aspects: cultural, mythopoetic, religious, and historical based on the analysis of the heroic epic, to develop an idea of the national mental core of the peoples of Central Asia, to consider the key concepts actively used in the oral and written literary traditions of Kyrgyzstan.
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Hrebenyk, Tetyana, Maryna Ivashchenko i Olha Shcherbyna. "Management of an organisation’s accounting department: Overcoming the challenges of martial law in Ukraine". Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Economics” 10, nr 3 (1.08.2023): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ3.2023.09.
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The study of accounting personnel management is relevant since the modern accounting service as a structural unit of an organisation with specific administrative functions is constantly transforming and adapting in response to the pressure of an aggressive environment. Effective management of accounting personnel makes the transformation process manageable, which has a positive impact on the functioning, productivity, and sustainability of the entire company. The purpose of the study was to summarise the practical experience and current trends in the management of the accounting service of a company in the conditions of war. The study is based on scientific works on the organisation of accounting and personnel management, statistical and analytical studies, and legislative acts in the field of accounting. The study employed traditional theoretical methods of cognition (generalisation, deduction, grouping, analysis, synthesis); empirical methods (observation, description of personal experience), and the graphic method. The paper focused on the interaction of managers with the accounting department as a team. It was demonstrated how the unfavourable conditions of martial law forced accountants and managers to join forces to adapt the organisation to the new realities. Specifically, the most difficult issues that have arisen in the field of accounting management at Ukrainian enterprises since the beginning of the war were considered. The study investigated such aspects of accounting service management as: staffing, creation of appropriate working conditions for accountants, digitalisation of accounting business processes as a tool for enhancing security, psychological factors of work efficiency. Particular attention was paid to new manifestations of loyalty of accountants and managers in extreme conditions. The problem of social responsibility of managers and the influence of moral and ethical principles on organisational decision-making by accountants was raised. The authors suggested personnel strategies that have proven to be the best in managing an organisation’s accounting department in times of war. This study is important and has practical value, as it suggests that organisational managers should pay attention to the needs of accounting staff, as well as apply both conventional and innovative methods of personnel management adapted to martial law conditions to the accounting service
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Hodzhal, Svitlana, i Natalia Matviichuk. "ORAL HISTORICAL TESTIMONY AND MEMORIES AS A SOURCE FOR THE STUDY OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: METHODOLOGICAL AND LEGAL BASIS". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, nr 34 (30.03.2023): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2023-34-104-113.
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The paper attempts to summarize the experience gained in oral history research and interviews, which are applied to certain categories of respondents, to determine the place of oral history testimonies and memories as sources for the study of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and to outline certain legal aspects regarding the processing of interview results. Oral history methodology is much more developed abroad than in Ukraine. Acquisitions in the field of oral history must be actively used when acquiring practical skills in this direction. When interviewing, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the physical, emotional and mental state of the respondent. The main task of the oral history researcher is not only to get the least subjective source of information about certain event, but also not to harm the interviewee. Each category of respondents (divided according to different criteria) has its own peculiarities in interviewing. The narrative and survey technique depends on each category individually, which affects the method of evidence gathering. When interviewing, one should use all possible means and methods for qualitative creation of a narrative, as well as its subsequent transcription and preservation. If the interview is recorded using audio and not video, it does not mean that it is worse. Each type of technical equipment has its advantages and disadvantages, and the quality of the source that will be stored or used in scientific work depends to a large extent on the technical equipment and skills of the scientist. The correct legal registration of oral history evidence will help to use them in the future with the greatest benefit for science and social and political life. Oral history researchers in the process of collecting memories must strictly adhere to the legal norms of the current legislation, as well as to moral and ethical principles. Moreover, one should not forget that the respondent is not a historical source; he or she is a living person with his or her own experiences, fears and emotions. Only in this case the creation of oral history sources will result positively.
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Bagandova, Leila Zakirovna. "The application of retroactive force of the criminal law in relation to the crime of genocide: international and national aspects". Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2024.1.69938.
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The subject of this study is genocide as a crime against the peace and security of mankind. The author raises the problem of the possibility of applying the retroactive force of the criminal law to an act of this kind, despite the absence of such a provision in article 10 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to issues of international law, as well as judicial precedents related to the consideration of disputes on this issue. Considering the latter, the author subjects them to a deep systematic analysis for the possibility of initiating criminal proceedings and investigating crimes subject to qualification as genocide within the framework of the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The role of the International Military Tribunal for War Criminals of the European Axis Countries (Nuremberg Tribunal) in the formulation and subsequent consolidation of the norm of genocide is emphasized. In his research, the author uses such methods as historical, systemic, formal legal, comparative, as well as methods of analysis, deduction and formal logic. The author's special contribution to the consideration of this issue is the study of the historical and philosophical foundations, the moral and ethical side of giving retroactive force to the norms on genocide both from the point of view of international and from the point of view of national criminal law. The main result of the study is the author's conclusion about the possibility of applying the Genocide Convention retrospectively, as well as the need to consolidate in the legislation of the Russian Federation the provision on the need to make the criminal law retroactive in relation to crimes against the peace and security of mankind by amending part 2 of Article 10 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Expanding the definition of this norm would also simplify criminal procedural activities in the context of initiating criminal cases on these circumstances and their investigation.
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BARAN, Adalbert. "FEATURES OF DEPICTION THE SECOND WORLD WAR EVENTS IN THE XXTH CENTURY RUSSIAN, AMERICAN AND HUNGARIAN PROSE (BASED ON THE NOVELS «LIFE AND FATE» BY VASILIY GROSSMAN, «FATELESSNESS» BY IMRE KERTÉSZ, «FROM HERE TO ETERNITY» BY JAMES JONES)". Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-433-447.
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The present article deals with the comparative analysis of the methodological bases of depicting the authenticity, features, and character of ideological-thematic reflection of the Second World War events on the pages of the novel by Russian writer Vasily Grossman (1905-1964) «Life and Fate» (1960), the masterpiece by the American novelist James Jones (1921-1977) «From here to eternity» (1953) and the work by the Hungarian novelist Imre Kertész (1929-2016) «Fatelessness» (1975). The novels' authors did not need to interpret historical events by other people's memories and strive for a documentary. The original document in the novels was the life and unique memory of the writers themselves, and not only in the sense of the artistic reproduction of the true sides of the survived and seen, but also in terms of serious thoughts about the relationship of the past with the present in their moral, social, philosophical and ethical aspects. The article highlights the events and circumstances that predetermined the formation of features of the writers' worldview and led to the writing of the novels on military topics. The novels «Life and Fate», «Fatelessness», and «From here to eternity» can be considered as deeply personal works by the writers who have not declared, magnified the events of the history in context, but through the image system of the novels deeply examined, analyzed their roots. The authors of the novels have shown the history of the 20th century not on the background of exaggerated, politically agitating, heroic pictures, but from the point of view of the true significance of historical events for modern society. Keywords: documentary, historical memory, regime, literary tradition, writer’s consciousness, historical concreteness.
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Syahrin, M. Alvi. "The Implementation of Non-Refoulement Principle to the Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Indonesia". Sriwijaya Law Review 1, nr 2 (31.07.2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol1.iss2.41.pp168-178.
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The expulsion of refugees, either by the state party or by the non-state party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or countries has protracted the refugees’ suffering. Some countries which are the parties to the 1951 Convention even drive out the refugees to outside their national territory for reasons that the refugees were threatening national security or disturbing public order in the country. In the discussion, it is found that firstly, the principle of non-refoulement is a jus cogen and has become customary international law. The non-refoulement principle has legal binding power to both the State party and the non-State party to the 1951 Refugee Convention. Secondly, according to Article 32 paragraph 1 of the 1951 Convention, the implementation of the principle of non-refouelement is not absolute. Exceptions can only be made if the refugees concerned become a threat to national security and disturb public. Thirdly, Indonesia has not yet the State Party to the Refugee Convention of 1951 but Indonesia is subject to the principle of non-refouelement. This is because (i) Indonesia has ratified the Convention against Torture, the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Person in Time of War and the ICCPR/International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (set on the principle of non-refoulement), (ii) the obligation of the state to rule of customary international law (based on the moral and ethical aspects of the enforcement of international law), and (iii) there is legal instrument issued by the government related to the principle of the principle of non-refouelement; Fourth, there is no written sanctions imposed on Indonesia if violations of international law are with regard to the refugee problems.
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ROMANENKOVA, Julia. "Ukrainian Traditional Circus in Today's Reality: Between Formation and Abasement". ART-platFORM 5, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51209/platform.1.5.2022.203-220.
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The article is dedicated to modern Ukrainian circus art. Ukraine has a very powerful circus school, represented by highly professional specialists in all the leading genres of circus art. The problem of the traditional circus’s existence is actualized in the face of the challenges of modern society. The fact that a traditional circus is possible only if it contains the animal training genre is emphasized, i.e. use of animals in circus shows. The importance of analyzing the issue solely on the example of state stationary circuses (Ukraine has seven such organizations today) is emphasized, i.e. on the example of circus institutions that own buildings and conditions for animals standing, providing them with the necessary veterinary care, feeding and the necessary regime of keeping. The main challenges of our time are given that threaten the existence of animal training as a genre of circus art: COVID-2019, which made circus performances almost impossible as an element of mass entertainment events due to quarantine restrictions, the Russian-Ukrainian war, which destroys, among other things, the circus industry, the bill about the prohibition of the use of animals in circuses, which threatens the existence of the traditional circus as a whole. The debatable nature of the problem is emphasized, the presence of moral, ethical, legal and economic components of the issue is emphasized. Circus art nowadays can rightfully be considered one of the most advantageous components of the system of performing arts in Ukraine, despite the fact that it has quite a lot of controversial, debatable aspects. Even the classification of this phenomenon has always caused difficulties: whether to consider the circus a sport or an art, what is its place in the system of arts, whether to recognize circus science as an independent field of knowledge.
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Kvak, Mariia. "Professor S.M. Zlupko’s scientific innovations and their impact on the development of modern economic concepts". Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2022, nr 55 (10.12.2022): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2022.55.226.
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The aim of the article is a theoretical analysis of the formation of Professor S.M. Zlupko synergetic system of multifaceted areas of research that have contributed to the development of modern Ukrainian economic thought and its history. It is determined that S.M. Zlupko's thorough scientific works concerned the development of economy of Ukraine, the use of a cybernetic approach to clarifying employment and labor market problems, economic frankiana's, substantiation and creation of a new topical science - ecohomology, theoretical and applied aspects of regionology, economic culture and culture of national dignity through spirituality, moral and ethical values. The scientific methods of comparison, induction and deduction, historical and logical analysis in the process of writing the article are used. It is substantiated that the scientific work of Professor S.M. Zlupko, which remains still insufficiently studied and popularized, is a signpost to ensure the future revival and balanced development of the national economy of Ukraine. The main postulates of modern economic thought are identified, relating to: the study of quantitative and qualitative economic and social relationships based on the use of flexible models; identification of directions for solving the problems of sustainable development by creating a thrifty society; dependence of competitiveness and economic security of territories on completeness and reliability of information, knowledge, creativity of mankind. The coevolution of innovative directions of scientific researches of Professor S.M. Zlupko and the newest domestic and world economic concepts is analyzed. It is argued that the works of S.M. Zlupko form the worldview and economic culture of national dignity. The scientist's creative output is the scientific basis for the post-war revival and development of Ukraine's economy on the basis of national spiritual values, historically formed economic culture, civic responsibility and orientation to the future.
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Antofiichuk, Volodymyr. "Corneliy Irod as a novelist". Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Fìlologìâ 15, nr 26-27 (2022): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2022-15-26-27-11-19.
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The article provides a general overview of the prose by K. Irod, one of the leading representatives of Ukrainian literature in Romania. The author analyses problem-thematic and genre-style features of the writer’s novels and short stories found in the collections of poems «Light and Shadow» (1974), «White Piano» (1990), «From Yesterday to Tomorrow» (2014), «Chixuri» (2015). They are characterized by a philosophical insight into the meaning and the essence of human existence. The writer focuses on the moral-ethical and social-psychological challenges of his reality and interprets them from the standpoint of universal spiritual values. With exceptionally sharp irony and humour, he poses the question of moral choice, especially when it comes to loyalty and betrayal, mercy and cruelty, conscience and hypocrisy, and honesty and meanness. It is emphasized that K. Irod is a skillful storyteller, whose creative personality is manifested in the variety of themes and genre-style abundance. The external plot of his works consistently reveals some secret, solves an unexpected riddle, investigates a certain puzzling story, etc. Some of his works are characterized by elements of adventure, detective genre, romantic mini-novel, bitterly funny (according to the writer’s definition) memories, etc. The main attention of the article is paid to the tetralogy «Holiday», which includes four novels: «The Eve» (1975), «Morning» (1984), «The Sun in the Eyes» (1988) and «The Enemy of My Enemy» (2022). Each of them is an independent finished piece of work. According to the artistic design, plot development, conflict and main characters, it forms a complete epic work about the village called Zlatna in the South Bukovyna region in the middle of the 20th century and at the same time it reproduces typical events from the history of the entire country. In the centre of the story, there is the Dorin family. It is through the prism of the actions of the head of the family Ilash, his wife Ivona, and later their children that the main storylines of the tetralogy are built. It has been found that the character of epic thinking, the lyricism of the story and the depiction of human characters make K. Irod’s work similar to M. Stelmakh’s trilogy about the fate of the Ukrainian village in the complex vortex of events taking place in the first half of the 20th century (e.g. the novels «The Great Family», 1951; «Human Blood is Not Water», 1957; «Bread and Salt», 1958) and to B. Kharchuk’s tetralogy «Volyn» (1959 – 1965; second edition, 1988), which, depicting the story of the Hnatyuk family, reveals the most diverse aspects of the life of a western Ukrainian village. K. Irod depicted broad strata of the people’s lives in the pre-war and post-war times, their everyday problems and defining features of the national character. He summarized the flow of historical events connecting them with the present and future of the entire country. Moreover, he created the image of a strong-willed, determined person, capable of a protest against injustice, who is ready to fight for the honour and dignity of one’s kind, ready to defend the interests of the whole community even holding a weapon in their hands.
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Lah, Nataša. "Instalacija "K 19" Zlatka Kopljara - upis etičkog koncepta u prostor". Ars Adriatica, nr 4 (1.01.2014): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.511.
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The recently-created spatial installation K 19 by visual artist Zlatko Kopljar, set up in downtown Zagreb, is directed through its meaning and content towards the remembrance of Holocaust victims. The installation consists of five sculptures, which are made from the bricks originally used to build the walls of the concentration camp at Jasenovac and then re-used for the construction of post-war houses. These same bricks have now been used to create the K 19 sculptures, which have been placed on bases created from standardized Euro-pallets used in construction. Laid into horizontal courses, the bricks form vertical blocks with irregular upper surfaces, and, at the same time, place fragments of a fictitious whole in a semi-circular spatial ring of a monument-like character. The nature of the material and its description, therefore, act as signifiers for the installation K 19, while its interpretation acquired a defined field of signification, a language of context, or, simply put, a discourse. The non-material became a constituent part of the installation by being added through the symbolization inherent in its description and resulted in a “reality remade”, which sprang from the fragile foundations of an “indeterminate denotation and representation-as” with regard to the origin of its material (bricks from Jasenovac and Euro-pallets). The vulnerability of that which is represented draws its strength (growing or healing itself) from a reversible movement being performed by the meaning and content of this artwork which simultaneously travels from present time towards history and from history towards the present.The depiction of a memory of a concentration camp, in the symbolic context of the artwork under discussion, is a process related to a kind of documentation, but it also acts as a testimony achieved through narrative without the possibility of showing the expressed narrative itself. Starting with the observation that the installation K 19 documents a specific historical situation possessing an unrepresentable narrative, the aim of the article is to demonstrate that this does not betray the nature of the medium chosen for this artwork. The article’s theory-based argument is rooted in a number of different interpretative strategies which study the anchoring of cultural representations in artworks by considering them as ethical concepts which are inscribed in a space. Such an inscription in space, having found a newly-created habitat, generates geographical categories from the past which are laden with moral narratives as their points of origin. Through this, the connection between cognitive mapping and contemporary art functions as a link between artistic practices and moral geography based on the fact that certain people, things and practices belong in certain spaces, places and landscapes, and not in others. Moral geography, therefore, obliges us to understand and theorize interrelationships between geographical, social and cultural classes. In this sense, installation K 19 does indeed render a “re-use” of the past actual, and re-contextualizes heritage through the choice of its material (bricks from Jasenovac) and in doing so finds reason and meaning for archaeology in the cultural space of a post-war “prosaic age” when people (at least in this case) used things out of existential necessity and not out of the desire to render the near past symbolical. In that respect the installation K 19 uses the heritage of a collective memory of the event, to which it refers in order to create a new conceptual synonym, and through its mourning character acquires not only the past but the spirit of the new age too. In order to recognize the artist’s individual experience of objectifying mnemopoetic perspectivism (in other words, Kopljar’s mnemopoetic approach to the creation of installation K 19) through the reversible signifying process, in the collective experience of the conceptualization of heritage, one requires intersubjective representations. This is because art and its own mnemopoetic perspectivism is rooted in collective thought while memory restores the integrity to the “commonplace ability to think and remember”. Through this, thought and memory represent our rootedness in time which, unlike moral geographies, is confirmed through a communion with “mobile people” who do not need to cohabit with us in the same space nor be provided with the same ideological patterns that became entrenched as customs inside the narrow territorial and mental boundaries of sedentary cultures. In this sense, it is possible to answer the question about the encounter between subjective and collective memory in an artwork only in a remade reality of an interpretation, that is, in a “secondary discourse of commentary” which opens up a new context for the understanding of the old world. By encouraging the meeting between “the seen and the read” as the meeting between “the visible and the expressible”, the article points to the effects of fictionalization and theatricalization which are present in this installation. Without corrupting testimonial aspects of a (bygone) reality, they help it become manifest in communication with the world. The article’s conclusion congratulates the artist’s mnemopoetic strategies and highlights the encounter of the installation with the world, together with its fictitious elements (the reversible narrative of its content) and theatricalization, as an inscription of an ethical concept in space, and, by this, encourages the encounter between “the seen and the read”, and between “the visible and the expressible”, as if it were possible still.
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Rybakov, O. Yu. "Human Rights: From the Origins of Philosophical and Legal Thought to Modern Geopolitical Reality". Lex Russica 76, nr 12 (21.12.2023): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2023.205.12.145-161.
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The paper presents the author’s understanding of the unity of the logical and historical connection between the processes of formation of the institution of human rights and the formation of the idea of human rights in philosophical and legal concepts. The idea of human rights has historically been formed and put into practice as a result of several mutually dependent processes: firstly, the confrontation of social actors, the human struggle for the normative establishment of acceptable, decent standards and quality of life; secondly, the formation of the concept of «social justice» in the public consciousness on ethical and moral grounds that have developed in society; thirdly, the conceptualization of the worldview, philosophical, theoretical, ideological justification of human rights based on their understanding as natural, inalienable; fourthly, the international institutionalization of human rights; fifthly, the recognition of the institution of human rights in national legal systems. The significance of the social conflict that existed throughout the history of mankind as a source and driving force for the emergence of the idea of human rights is shown. The genesis of philosophical and legal ideas, starting from the period of Ancient Greece, expressing various aspects of the concepts of «justice», «freedom», «equality», «law», is investigated. The impossibility of formation is shown the formalized concepts of human rights before the formation of the theory of natural law. It is noted that the decisive factor in the beginning of the formation of the institution of human rights was the formation of natural law, the assertion of its influence on public consciousness. The importance of the bourgeois revolutions in Europe, which led to the formation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789, is emphasized. The paper shows the fundamental difference between the socialist understanding of rights and freedoms from their understanding, which developed in the depths of bourgeois societies; the historical conditionality of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 after the Second World War is shown. The importance of the ideological foundations of human rights, the philosophical and legal explanation of the need for this institution is emphasized. A clash of worldviews in the understanding of human rights in the context of modern geopolitical reality is stated and an assumption is made about the possibility of forming a new concept (model of human rights).