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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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1

Reynolds, Diana Elizabeth. "The prosecution strategy of the ICC office of the prosecutor recast : a hand up not a hand out". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112608.

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The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has taken steps to define and develop its prosecution policies. Review of these policies reveals that the OTP prefers to act on referrals of situations by states and the Security Council, rather than to employ its proprio motu investigatory powers. While the OTP has effectively defined the threshold for the gravity of the crimes that it will prosecute, a number of other discretionary criteria that inform the OTP's exercise of jurisdiction remain undefined. Additionally, the OTP's acceptance of state 'waivers of complementarity' moves in the direction of establishing a quasi-exclusive jurisdiction for the OTP. This thesis will critically evaluate these policies, and propose a recasting of the OTP's prosecution strategy towards the promotion of domestic war crimes prosecutions. It posits that the ICC OTP can act as a catalyst for domestic war crimes prosecutions, by serving in an advisory and support role. The OTP thus has the opportunity to breathe life into the complementarity regime and advance the global struggle against impunity.

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2

Gowlett, Benjamin. "Justice denied? : the trial of general Yamashita Tomoyuki /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18980.pdf.

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3

Rosen, Brian. "From the outside in shaping the International Criminal Court /". Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA487660.

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4

Ljubojevic, Ana. "What’s the story? Legal and media narratives of war crime trials and shaping of national identity in Croatia and Serbia". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2013. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/127/1/Ljubojevic_phdthesis.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the impact of legal and media representations of war crime trials on master narratives of the war and identity in Croatia and Serbia. Our research is situated on the interception of scientific fields of transitional justice, media studies and studies on nationalism. We explore the relationship between official narratives of the war, legal narratives of war crime trials and the way that the media conveys both the narratives and reports on these trials. The research addresses issues concerning war crime trials, collective memories and (re)construction of national identity, national narratives and the war in the former Yugoslavia. Taking Brooks and Gewritz’s methodological approach, we used Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse law not as set of rules and policies, but as a source of narratives. Furthermore, law is given a dimension of “cultural discourse through which social narratives are structured and suppressed”. Assuming that the media in contemporary societies have huge influence on shaping knowledge about history and shared historical narratives, this research analyses local media reports on domestic war crimes trials. This research explores how media represent and report about historical narratives established by local courts in Serbia and Croatia. Subsequently, those representations are compared to background, non-legal elements, i.e. historical facts found in judgments rendered at the ICTY. We approached the problematique by analysing trial transcripts and media reports about domestic war crimes trials held in Serbia and Croatia (Ovčara-Vukovar hospital in Serbia and Medak pocket case in Croatia). We argue that transitional justice, instead of triggering truth seeking and truth telling processes that would lead to reconciliation, multiplied mutually exclusive historical narratives that determined national collective identities

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5

Gassama, Diakhoumba. "Accountability and prosecution in the Liberian transitional society: lessons from Rwanda and Sierra Leone". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_3458_1180416748.

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In the aftermath of World War Two, the International Community has shown a renewed commitment towards the protection of human rights. However, whether during wars or under dictatorial regimes, numerous human rights abuses occurred everywhere in the world, from Latin America to Eastern Europe and from Southern Europe to Africa. Countries which experienced oppressive governance or outrageous atrocities has to address the legacies of their past on the return of democratic rule or peace. In other words, they had to emerge from the darkness of dictatorship or civil war in order to establish a democracy. Today, after 14 years of civil war, Liberia is faced with the challenge of achieving a successful transition where the imperatives of truth, justice and reconciliation need to be met. The purpose of this research paper was to make some recommendations on the way the accountability process in Liberia should be shaped as far as prosecution is concerned.

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6

Wright, Crystal Renee Murray. "From the Hague to Nuremberg: International Law and War, 1898-1945". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501222/.

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This thesis examines the body of international law drawn upon during the Nuremberg trials after World War II. The work analyzes the Hague Conventions, the Paris Peace Conference, and League of Nations decisions to support its conclusions. Contrary to the commonly held belief that the laws violated during World War II by the major war criminals were newly developed ideas, this thesis shows that the laws evolved over an extended period prior to the war. The work uses conference minutes, published government sources, the official journal of the League of Nations, and many memoirs to support the conclusions.

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7

Mohan, Mahdev. "The paradox of victim-centrism : a case study of the civil party process at the Khmer Rouge Tribunal /". Thesis, Scroll list to author, 2009. http://www.law.stanford.edu/publications/dissertations_theses/.

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Thesis (J.S.M.)--Stanford University, 2009.
Submitted to the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies at the Stanford Law School, Stanford University. "April 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-82). Abstract available online.

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8

Bridges, Lee H. (Lee Hammond). "Anti-Semitism and Der Sturmer on Trial in Nuremberg, 1945-1946: The Case of Julius Streicher". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279213/.

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The central focus of this thesis is to rediscover Julius Streicher and to determine whether his actions merited the same punishment as other persons executed for war crimes. Sources used include Nuremberg Trial documents and testimony, memoirs of Nazi leaders, and other Nazi materials. The thesis includes seven chapters, which cover Streicher's life, especially the prewar decades, his years out of power, and his trial at Nuremberg. The conclusion reached is that Streicher did have some influence on the German people with his anti-Semitic newspaper Der Sturmer, but it is difficult to ascertain whether his speeches and writings contributed directly to the extermination of the Jews in World War II or simply reflected and magnified the anti-Semitism of his culture.

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9

Lewis, Mark. "International legal movements against war crimes, terrorism, and genocide, 1919-1948". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1710343761&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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10

Kuner, Janosch O. A. "The war crimes trial against German Industrialist Friedrich Flick et al - a legal analysis and critical evaluation". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1823_1363782732.

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This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The
proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law.

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11

Freudiger, Kerstin. "Die juristische Aufarbeitung von NS-Verbrechen /". Tübingen : Mohr-Siebeck, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/336807082.pdf.

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12

Botor, Stefan. "Das Berliner Sühneverfahren - die letzte Phase der Entnazifizierung /". Frankfurt a. M. [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/506304728.pdf.

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13

Negash, Tesfamicael. "Accomplishments, shortcomings and challenges: evaluation of the Special Court for Sierra Leone". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4727_1183988504.

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This thesis assessed the effectiveness of the Special Court in relation to the impact is has made in cultivating the rudiments of a human rights culture, dispensing justice, ending a culture of impunity, effecting unity and national reconciliation in post war Sierra Leone.

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14

Weisers, Marie-Anne. "Juger les crimes contre les Juifs: des Allemands devant les tribunaux belges, 1941-1951". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209269.

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La thèse porte sur le travail effectué par la justice belge, après la Seconde guerre mondiale, face aux crimes commis par les Allemands contre les Juifs. L'étude porte d'abord sur la mise en place du cadre juridique international et national. Ensuite, elle tente de montrer à travers une étude de cas comment, malgré un cadre juridique trop étroit, les juridictions militaires belges ont tenté de poursuivre et condamner les responsables allemands des persécutions raciales.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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15

Williams, Meagan Meernik James David. "Judicial creativity or justice being served ? a look at the use of joint criminal enterprise in the ICTY prosecution /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9721.

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16

Williams, Meagan. "Judicial Creativity or Justice Being Served? A Look at the Use of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the ICTY Prosecution". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9721/.

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The development of joint criminal enterprise at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been controversial since the doctrine was first created in 1997. For the judgments rendered by the ICTY to be perceived as legitimate, the doctrines used to bring charges against defendants must also be perceived as legitimate. The purpose of my thesis is to study the application of joint criminal enterprise at the ICTY and examine how the doctrine has influenced the length of sentences given. I find that joint criminal enterprise may be influencing longer sentences and the three categories of joint criminal enterprise are being used differently on defendants of different power levels. By empirically analyzing the patterns developing at the ICTY, I can see how joint criminal enterprise is influencing sentencing and the fairness of trials.

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17

Chu, Ming-Hsi, i 朱明希. "A Study on War Crime Trials in 1947 Taipei". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m9wx73.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
105
After World War II ends, in addition to the well-known Tokyo War Criminal Trial, the U.S., U.K., the Republic of China and other Allied States tried 5700 Japanese B/C class war criminals in their territories or colonies in Asia. From 1946 to 1948, the Republic of China held war crime tribunals in 10 cities including Shanghai, Nanking and Taipei, etc. This Thesis aims to research war crime trials taken place in 1947 Taipei. The research questions of this Thesis are: how the concept of international law had been understood/ interpreted/ modified by Nationalist Government and eventually applied by domestic military tribunals on war criminals in 1947 Taipei? What is the social and political context of such process? How these contexts influence the enforcement of international law? What is the social and political function of 1947 Taipei Tribunal? This Thesis argues that comparing with international law, the War Crime Trial Act ordained by the Nationalist Government provided a more stringent criminal liability, broader application, with intention of building Chinese Nationalism and made room for administrative power to influence judicial decisions. However, Judicial Yuan limited such War Crime Trial Act through its general legal interpretation. Judicial Yuan emphasized that the War Crime Trial Act shall be applied consistent with international law. In addition, Judicial Yuan insisted that Taiwanese people who had been with Japanese nationality during the war shall be tried by international law as war criminals, not tried by domestic law as traitors. However, in highly political cases, Judicial Yuan interpreted the Act in violation of international law. We can see that there was still a limitation for judicial decisions. There are two important contexts in 1947 Taipei: Purge of pro-Japan Taiwanese during the war; lack of resources after a great war. In such context, the Taipei tribunal gave most defendants light sentences, limiting the upsurge of said purge. In addition, the judgment demonstrated the model of civilized law. In response to the second context, the judgment used the concept of Das fortgesetzte Verbrechen, the continued criminal, to reduce the cost of detail investigation. Furthermore, there were only 3 judges in most cases though it shall be 5 pursuant to the War Crime Trial Act. Although the Act explicitly provides Public International Law as source of law, comparing with Nuremburg and Tokyo Trial Judgments, Taipei Court seldom sought international legal source, but directly applied laws domesticized in the War Crime Trial Act. The last feature of Taipei Tribunal is that most defendants were policemen rather than soldiers. Perhaps it is because Taiwan was not a battlefield during the war which was different from the original envision of lawmakers of laws of war. Why the strict, nationalism-oriented Act had been appropriately limited? This Thesis argues that, since late Qing dynasty, Chinese lawyers had been dedicating themselves to pursing civilized states by applying international law properly. However, the belief of civilized state faded away very soon due to the following political situations such as February 28 Incident and martial law regime in Taiwan.

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18

Johnson, McMillan Houston. "Hitlerian jurisprudence American periodical media responses to the Nuremberg War crimes trial, 1945-1948 /". 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/JohnsonMcMillanHouston.pdf.

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19

Pendas, Devin O. "Displaying justice : Nazis on trial in postwar Germany /". 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9978059.

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20

Everett, MG. "The background, jurisdictional basis and the procedural and evidential fairness of the trial of German major war criminals, Nuremberg, 1945-1946". Thesis, 1992. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19597/1/whole_EverettMervynGeorge1990_thesis.pdf.

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Ever since the signing of the agreement in London on 8 August 1945 by representatives of the British, French, American and Russian Governments ('London agreement'), followed by the presentation to the International Military Tribunal sitting at Berlin on 18 October 1945 of the indictment against twenty four of the most prominent German military and political leaders, and the proceedings at Nuremberg which culminated in the judgement delivered on 30 September and 1 October 1946, there has been widespread and persistent controversy among lawyers, academics, scholars, historians and others, who have found ''Nuremberg Law" a fascinating research subject. The principal issue was, and remains, whether or not the trials conducted pursuant to the Charter annexed to the London Agreement had a sound jurisdictional basis. For the most part the views publicly expressed by writers on the issue have been firm and diametrically opposed. It will be submitted that much of the literature, whether it expresses concurring or dissenting views with respect to the validity of 'Nuremberg Law', places too much emphasis on the judgment of the Tribunal and not enough on the three basic documents. The London Agreement and Charter were a code which prescribed provisions designed to ensure, so far as it was practicable to do so, a fair trial, before the world, of German major war criminals, following the virtually undisputed acts of atrocity and inhumanity of a dimension never previously experienced. The International Military Tribunal went beyond the constituent documents and propounded a number of obiter propositions. Thereby the Tribunal itself sparked much of the controversy which the trial engendered. A further object of the study is to demonstrate that many of the critics of 'Nuremberg Law' ignored the facts that the German Reich had surrendered unconditionally to the major Allied Powers and that, in reaching agreement on the terms of the London Agreement and Charter, they were exercising sovereign legislative authority, analogous to that of the Parliament of the state of Israel when it enacted the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law of 1950. The study also includes, in as much detail as is practicable, an assessment of the procedural and evidential fairness of the Nuremberg trial. The object of such an evaluation is to demonstrate, from the perspective of a trial lawyer, that in such an emotive criminal trial as that at Nuremberg, courtroom 'atmosphere' and rulings on questions of evidence and procedure were more fundamental in ensuring a fair trial than dogmatic assertions concerning legal principles, such as the ex post facto doctrine and the maxim of nullum crimen nulla poena sine leae. The basic fact will always remain that the London Agreement and Charter were paramount and binding.

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21

Kuner, Janosch O. A. "The war crimes trial against german industrialis riedrich flick et al - a legal analysis and critical evaluation". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3442.

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This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law.
Magister Legum - LLM

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22

Ntlhakana, Sethelile Joyce. "Organised hypocrisy? African union and the international criminal court". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24767.

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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Relations in the Faculty of Humanities Department of International Relations, 2016
A feud between the African Union (AU) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been dragging for a while now. The indictment of President Omar Hassan Ahmad alBashir of Sudan and President Uhuru Kenyatta and his deputy president William Ruto in Kenya altered the cosy relations between the two organisations. Firstly, the AU contends that the ICC cannot prosecute heads of states that have immunity under international law. Secondly, the ICC disturbs the ongoing peace processes with its investigations. The AU accused the ICC of selecting African states for prosecution; as a protracted form of imperialism by prevailing western powers. Withstanding, some of the AU member states that are party to the ICC have willingly signed up to its jurisdiction. Besides, the AU’s founding documents support the fight against grave atrocities. Nonetheless, the AU has failed dismally to live up to the principles it endorses- which tantamount to hypocrisy. The contradictory rhetoric of the AU towards the ICC is not exclusive to the AU, but to international organisations due to conflicting pressures in external environments. The paper explains this empirical phenomenon by applying Organised Hypocrisy (OH) to capture such contradictory behaviour prone to international organisations.
XL2018

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23

Ivanovic, Lidija. "The development of joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10845.

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