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Symes, Mark D. "Walking molecules". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3195.
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Inspired by the motor protein kinesin, an ambitious and unprecedented mimic is proposed – a synthetic molecular motor that can walk. This thesis aims to explain the basic principles which define such walking molecules, with reference to both natural and synthetic systems. In light of these tenets, the rational design of the proposed synthetic kinesin analogue will then be expounded. The putative design envisages the use of a series of stimuli-induced binding events to cause a “walker unit” to process along a polypyridyl track in a unidirectional, hand-over-hand fashion. The chemistry behind the stepping mechanisms of both feet of the walker unit will be discussed in detail, along with a complete description of the synthesis of the track and walker unit to date. The future challenges and potential applications of the proposed system will be addressed.
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Silveira, Elton José da. "Walking tour". Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85475.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T19:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 264058.pdf: 13841373 bytes, checksum: 49c7beba17f89b3d5db8df7b077ebb67 (MD5)
Apresenta um olhar propondo o uso do Walking Tour (WT) como forma de preservação da história e do patrimônio de uma cidade, inserindo-o como uma ferramenta de motivação, consciência e conhecimento, em escolas, associações e grupos organizados, podendo dessa maneira estimular a identidade entre cidadão e cidade. O uso do WT como instrumento pedagógico aparece no trabalho como um eficaz recurso educacional do professor para despertar no aluno a curiosidade necessária acerca de sua cultura e sua cidade. O trabalho propõe ao mesmo tempo a utilização do WT no turismo cultural como argumento ao guia de turismo e como forma de gerar trabalho, divisas e melhorias para a economia local.
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Wootton, Sally Lisabeth. "Exercise training in COPD: walking tests and walking training". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15355.
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Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) has been shownto improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and exercise capacity in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The studies contained in this thesis explored three key components of PR, being assessment of exercise capacity, short-term exercise training and ongoing maintenance exercise. The literature review provides an overview of COPD, as well as discussing the literature on the use of field based walking tests, the use of short-term supervised ground-based walking training and the effects of unsupervised maintenance exercise programs. Chapter 2 contains details of the study designs and methods. Chapter 3 contains a prospective study that derived and validated an equation to estimate the speed for the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) using results from the six-minute walk test (6MWT) with the results demonstrating that the 6MWT can be used to accurately determine the speed for the ESWT in people with COPD. The study in Chapter 4 was a prospective, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) that compared the effects of supervised, ground-based walking to usual care with results indicating that ground-based walking was an effective training modality that improved HRQoL and exercise capacity in people with COPD. In Chapter 5, a long-term follow-on study from the study in Chapter 4 is presented. This was a prospective, multi-centre, RCT which evaluated the effect of a 2-month, supervised, walking training program combined with a 12-month unsupervised maintenance walking program during which participants received either ongoing feedback (telephone calls, biofeedback and goal setting) or no feedback. This study demonstrated that there were no differences in HRQoL when comparing ongoing feedback to no feedback during the maintenance program in people with COPD. The main findings of this thesis, limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research are presented in Chapter 6.
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Powell, Wendy. "Virtually walking : factors influencing walking and perception of walking in treadmill-mediated virtual reality to support rehabilitation". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/virtually-walking(1c81024c-8242-45fb-8ca1-6c74b1a1956c).html.
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Psychomotor slowing, and in particular slow walking, is a common correlate of illness or injury, and often persists long after the precipitating condition has improved. Since slow walking has implications for long term physical and social wellbeing, it is important to find ways to address this issue. However, whilst it is well established that exercise programmes are good approaches to increase movement speed, adherence to therapy remains poor. The main reasons for this appear to be pain and lack of interest and enjoyment in the exercise. Virtual Rehabilitation combines physical therapy with Virtual Reality (VR). This is a rapidly growing area of health care, which seems to offer a potential solution to these issues, by offering the benefits of increased patient engagement and decreased perception of pain. However, the question of how to encourage patients to increase their walking speed whilst interacting with VR has remained unanswered. Moreover, to maximise the benefits of this type of therapy, there needs to be a greater understanding of how different factors in treadmill-mediated VR can facilitate (or hinder) optimal walking. Therefore this thesis investigated the factors influencing walking and perception of walking in treadmill-mediated VR, using a series of empirical investigations to determine the effect of a variety of factors in VR, which can then be applied in a clinical setting. A review of the literature identified that high contrast stereoscopic virtual environments, calibrated to real-world dimensions, with a wide field of view and peripheral visual cues, are likely to facilitate accurate self-motion perception. Empirical studies demonstrated that decreasing the visual gain (ratio of optic flow to walk speed) in VR can lead to a sustained increase in walk speed. However, these lower rates of visual gain are likely to be perceived as unrealistic, and may decrease immersion. Further investigation demonstrated that there is a range of visual gain which is perceived as acceptably normal, although even the lower bound of this acceptable gain is still higher than the optimum gain for facilitating faster movements. Thus there is a trade-off between visual gain for realistic perception, and visual gain for improved walking speeds. Therefore other components that can improve walking speed need to be identified, particularly for those applications where reduction of the visual gain is undesirable. Further empirical studies demonstrated that fast audio cues (125% of baseline cadence), in the form of a footstep sound, can increase the walk speed without disrupting the natural walk ratio. This effect was demonstrated in healthy populations, and also shown to be evident in a group of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It was noted that in all the studies comparing a pain and non-pain group, the pain group walked more slowly across all conditions. Additional empirical studies demonstrated that the use of self-paced treadmills for interfacing with VR was found to be associated with somewhat lower baseline walk speeds than normal overground walking, although the self-paced treadmills preserved the normal walk ratio. This slowing of walking and preservation of walk ratio was seen in both healthy participants and also in participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, whilst self-paced treadmills can support natural walking, additional factors need to be considered if treadmill-mediated VR is to be used to facilitate the increase in walking speeds desirable for rehabilitation. Thus designing VR for rehabilitation is likely to involve consideration of a number of factors, and making individualised design decision based on specific therapeutic goals.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Walking in Kierkegaard's Instant and Walking out of American Christendom". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/760.
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In the life of Søren A. Kierkegaard “the instant” had two distinct meanings. The first use of the phrase “the instant” is the point of intersection of time and eternity. It is the split second of decision, and the flash of a personal revolutionizing vision: a decisive “glint of an eye” to live in the existential moment. However, The Instant was also the title of a broadsheet Kierkegaard published at the end of his life that directly attacked “Christendom” and the idea of a Christian Nation. Through a layered account using narrative vignettes, I examine how “instants” and Kierkegaard's The Instant impacted my ideas of identity, community, and Christianity, leading me to a place of exile.
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Dickinson, Adam. "Cartography and walking". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ46246.pdf.
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Carlberg, Zoe R. "Walking Los Angeles". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/55.
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This paper is about my experience walking through Los Angeles County. My principal motivations were to explore what it means to be a pedestrian in an urban landscape that generally does not recognize walkers and to give value to often overlooked spaces. The paper includes a brief history of the Los Angeles region, methodology, an analysis of some other art projects that have been done about walking, and a vignette of the experience.
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McDuff, Jennifer. "Walking with meaning". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44654.
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Today, increasing physical activity is being promoted as one of the most effective interventions for enhancing overall health and quality of life, especially for older people. Research has clearly shown that adequate exercise reduces risk for certain diseases, lowers the risk for impaired mobility and prevents cognitive decline. Despite the overwhelming amount of evidence regarding the benefits of exercising regularly, many older adults do not engage in this form of physical activity. Given our need to better understand how to promote healthy aging in this growing population, there is an emerging body of research exploring the question of why activity levels are low among older people and how they can be encouraged to become more active. However, people who have been diagnosed with dementia have not been included in this research. In this already under-active age group, it is extremely important to understand what drives or motivates the older adult with dementia to be physically active. In order to understand the drive we must first understand the significance of physical activity for this group of people. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore and understand the meaning of physical activity for older adults who have been diagnosed with dementia.
This study was a secondary analysis of data drawn from a larger qualitative investigation on the everyday lives of people living with early dementia. Purposeful sampling was used for this secondary analysis; participants were selected because their interviews from the original study had some discussion on the subject of physical activity. The final sample was comprised of 12 participants between the ages of 65 and 86 years. The findings of this study show that older adults with dementia are attracted to physical activity and perceive numerous physical, emotional and social benefits from their involvement, even in the face of aging and dementia-related health changes.
The major finding in this study on physical activity in older adults with dementia was that walking was becoming increasingly meaningful to them. The finding that walking may be an important way for people with dementia to stay involved in physical activity is discussed.
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Córdova, López Dina Milagros, Whu Enrique Augusto Chong, Bustos Jorge Germán López, Mamani Rogelio Ramírez i Padilla Eduardo Javier Vásquez. "The walking pet". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622169.
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The Walking Pet, que conecta a través de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles y/o de una página responsive web (que se adapta a varios dispositivos y sistemas operativos), una base de datos de paseadores con una base de datos de clientes registrados para que se acuerden servicios de paseos de perros. El modelo de negocio es uno del tipo de economías colaborativas: los paseadores no son empleados del modelo, son los proveedores directos de la solución del problema. Los ingresos del modelo de negocio son las comisiones que The Walking Pet cobre a los paseadores, de acuerdo a la cantidad de perros que conformen el grupo de salida del paseo. La escala de comisiones es la siguiente por paseos de 30 minutos a una tarifa de S/15 por paseo por perro. A mayor número de perros por grupo de salida, mayores las comisiones porcentuales para el modelo, y a su vez a valores absolutos, mayores los ingresos percibidos por los paseadores (por grupo de salida). La propuesta de valor de nuestro modelo de negocio se fundamenta en cuatro características: Confianza, Seguridad, Oportunidad y paseos en pequeños grupos. Para la característica de seguridad, nos apoyamos en las tecnologías digitales de geo localización y de transmisión de imágenes y videos por internet. La oportunidad es aquella característica que permite al cliente seleccionar el horario o la agenda que mejor se acomode a su necesidad y para ello se ha de contar con la suficiente cantidad de paseadores registrados. Por último evitaremos los paseos en manadas, situación que de acuerdo a nuestra investigación de campo, mucho fastidia a los dueños de perros, por lo que nuestras salidas serán en pequeños grupos de máximo tres perros, estimando el promedio en dos perros por salida.Trabajo de investigación
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Norberg, Jaclyn D. "Biomechanical Analysis of Race Walking Compared to Normal Walking and Running Gait". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/20.
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Human locomotion is phenomenon that is extraordinarily complex. It is evident that a complete description of locomotion involves consideration of kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the extremities in all of their various movements. Race walking (RW) is a form of upright locomotion that differs from normal walking and running by its form dictated by the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF). Despite the similarities to both normal walking (NW) and running (RU), RW has not been the subject of equally intensive investigations.
This study explores the comprehensive biomechanics of race walking and how it compares to NW and RU. A quantitative approach was used to evaluate kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity variables between race walking and both normal walking and running. A cross-sectional, laboratory design was used on 15 recreationally competitive race walkers to evaluate these variables.
Based on the results of this study, RW is an intermediate gait between NW and RU that has characteristics of both gaits, but is still a unique gait in itself. While there are differences between RW and both RU and NW, some of the expected differences between RW and the two gaits did not occur. Significantly greater frontal plane pelvis-trunk joint range of motion and sagittal plane peak hip flexor and extensor moments, hip joint range of motion and rectus femoris muscle activity contribute to the significant differences in both RW and NW, and RW and RU.
Significant differences between RW and RU showed that RU requires more contribution from the trunk, pelvis and lower extremities kinematically and kinetically, as well as increased muscle activation, to execute the motion than RW. Conversely, RW requires more contribution from these variables than NW does, but in not as great a capacity as RU compared to RW. In spite of these findings, there were some variables that had no significant differences between RW and RU. This suggests that injuries during RW are similar to those during RU, but may not occur as frequently.
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Dock, Melissa. "Influence of pedometer tilt angle on step counting validity during controlled treadmill walking trials". Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/dock/DockM0508.pdf.
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Pedometers are tools frequently used to monitor walking-related physical activity patterns of overweight and obese populations. However, there is a known association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and decreasing pedometer accuracy. The decrease in pedometer accuracy has been attributed to tilt angle, but the specific tilt angle where pedometers fail to maintain accuracy is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test two popular pedometer mechanisms, accelerometry- and pendulum-based, to determine the specific tilt angle where the pedometers fail to maintain step counts accurately. METHODS: Twenty subjects (10 men, Mean±SD: 25.4±4.2 yrs, 184.4±5.3 cm, 76.7±6.3 kg; 10 women: 21.6±3 yrs, 166.1±6.3 cm, 56.7±6.7 kg) walked two sets of 21 trials at a combination of treadmill speed (67.0, 80.4, 93.8 m/min) and tilt angle (-30,-20,-10, 0,+10,+20,+30°) while wearing two pedometers; the experimental pedometer attached to a custom-built pedometer gimbal for altering tilt angle, and the control pedometer in a neutral position (±2° of 0°). The pedometers were worn on each hip just anterior to the iliac crest in line with the mid-axillary line of the thigh. The first set of trials tested one pedometer mechanism, while the second set of trials tested the second pedometer mechanism in a counterbalanced order. Mean steps from the experimental pedometer were compared to the control pedometer for each trial (ΔStep=Experimental-Control) using a 3-factor RMANOVA at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Mean Δsteps for the accelerometry-based pedometer and the pendulum-based pedometer differed significantly (P<0.05) at tilt angles >±10° for treadmill speeds
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Singley, Robert. "Walking Towards the Sun". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47150.
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“Walking Towards the Sun," for string quartet, is a collection of musical meditations on my experiences hiking the Appalachian Trail from Maine to Georgia. The scale, structure, and musical language of the composition are related to the Trail. Lasting almost eight hours, the piece is massive and idealistic. It is comprised of 80 movements that give unique interpretations to places and experiences from my hike. The movements are organized to trace my journey southward from Maine to Georgia. The musical material
utilizes both abstract and symbolic expressions to reflect my experiences on the Trail. The sound of the composition transports the listener by suggesting emotional states reflective of my journey. This paper will introduce the composition and explain its connection to my hike. The first section of this paper gives the premise behind my thesis and suggests a precedence in other composers’ work. This is followed by an overview of the composition’s structure and its relationship to the trail. Section 3 delves into specific musical techniques and procedures utilized in the work and an explanation of the
instrumentation choice. The paper concludes with an aesthetic statement, suggesting a context for the composition as a work of art. A complete version of the score, a table detailing the textural, harmonic, and other contributions to the works structure, and a program note for the composition’s performance are included in the appendix.Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate
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Farman, Nola, University of Western Sydney i Faculty of Visual and Performing Arts. "Everyday, walking and artworks". THESIS_FVPA_XXX_Farman_N.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/751.
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The aim of this paper is to position art within the realm of the everyday for the purposes of establishing the critical/political capabilities of art practice in a post-aesthetic information-based age. In this way, art can be conceived of as a 'technology' which, having been placed in a situation/site, assumes an agency in the engagement of the subject within the dialectic tension of everyday conflict - the background in which the day to day micro-political decisions are made. I use the figure of the walker to examine the potential of a phenomenological approach to the interpretation of a theory of art and everydayness - it is the sensate nature of the walker which is valuable to the perception and interpretation of daily conflicts and dilemmas. The potential of the politically informed walking subject is to 'read' in a discriminating way the fragmented codes of complicity with which the individual/artist relates to or engages with the invisible monumentality of more powerful forces. This paper positions both art and viewer within a space which can no longer be seen as the perspectival unifying limitations of the traditional grid but as a fluid and multidimensional topology of power relations. It is within this context that the social-relational networks are predicted on unavoidable complicities and tacit agreements which are the substance of art and critical actionMaster of Arts (Hons) Visual Arts
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Farman, N. M. "Everyday, walking and artworks /". View theses, 1993. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030903.113755/index.html.
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Worster, Katy Lynn. "Coordination dynamics of walking". Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3702117.
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Although coordination has been identified as a fundamental element necessary for the successful achievement of walking, this aspect of gait has yet to be embraced into instrumented gait analysis, perhaps in part due to the lack of a normative reference and unfamiliarity of mathematical methods that are best suited to capture this essential behavior. Therefore, this work focused on expanding clinical gait analysis techniques by validating nonlinear methods that describe the influence of neurological control on the musculoskeletal system. This body of work investigated the coordination dynamics during gait in both prospective and retrospective subjects free of gait pathology, subjects with spastic cerebral palsy, and subjects with a lower limb amputation using motion capture and mathematical models to help elucidate the complexities of gait and enhance therapeutic interventions. This investigation quantified coordination strategies employed by an unimpaired subject when presented with various walking conditions and challenges mimicking various inhibitions associated with performing the task of swing limb advancement. Two novel indices of coordination dynamics were created to provide a concise metric and ease their inclusion into future research applications. The first normative reference dataset of these coordination measures was created from a large cohort of unimpaired subjects. While there is presently not a gold standard method for quantifying coordination during gait, the exciting correlations between the proposed measures and select clinical performance tasks indicate the coordination measures quantify essential inter-segmental coordination dynamics of walking. The theoretical pendular software model created shows swing limb advancement is not a purely passive motion, but instead an actively controlled motion. Comparisons between the various cohorts revealed the proposed measures of coordination are more suitable for characterizing motor control strategies contributing to a gait pattern, quantify organization of individual segments, identify mechanisms of change, and reveal the loci of impairment(s). The proposed measures of coordination dynamics are capable of distinguishing between different gait pathologies and patterns associated with altered limb advancement during the swing period of gait. Results from this multidisciplinary work have the strong potential to directly impact the clinical treatment of persons with aberrant coordination dynamics during gait.
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Taylor, Jane. "Walking at low tide". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433708.
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De, Silva Shalutha. "Force controlled hexapod walking". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78978/1/Karunakalage_De%20Silva_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a study on controlling methods for six-legged robots. The study is based on mathematical modeling and simulation. A new joint controller is proposed and tested in simulation that uses joint angles and leg reaction force as inputs to generate a torque, and a method to optimise this controller is formulated and validated. Simulation shows that hexapod can walk on flat ground based on PID controllers with just four target configurations and a set of leg coordination rules, which provided the basis for the design of the new controller.
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Kingsnorth, Shauna Lynn. "Walking skill versus walking experience as a predictor of barrier crossing in toddlers". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ34009.pdf.
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Aoyama, Tadayoshi, Kosuke Sekiyama, Yasuhisa Hasegawa i Toshio Fukuda. "PDAC-based underactuated 3D bipedal walking : Stabilization of PDAC constants and walking direction control". IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13932.
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Linder, Moa. "The Walking Gender : - en semiotisk analys av genusrepresentationen i TV-serien The Walking Dead". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94748.
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Abstract Titel: The Walking Gender Författare: Moa Linder Bakgrund: Den populära amerikanska TV-serien The Walking Dead är en zombiefiktion som inbjuder människor världen över att följa seriens protagonister kämpandes mot zombies och mänskliga grupperingar i ett oroligt postapokalyptiskt USA. Serien kritiseras för att vara bakåtsträvande gällande dess representationer av genus och etnicitet och det är vad denna analys ämnar att undersöka. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur genus representeras genom karaktärerna i The Walking Dead med ett strukturalistiskt angreppssätt. Jag undersöker även vilken relation hudfärg har med genus i dessa representationer. Material/ metod: Mitt material består av två avsnitt av The Walking Dead. När jag analyserar valda karaktärer använder jag mig av en narrativ och semiotisk analys. Den narrativa analysmodellen ger en konkret struktur åt analysen som börjar med en övergripande narrativ beskrivning över avsnittet för att sedan gå in närmare i tre valda sekvenser som jag analyserar med hjälp av de semiotiska begreppen denotation och konnotation. Slutsatser/ resultat: Analysen visar på att genusrepresentationen hos karaktärerna i stort sker efter stereotypa mönster och anammar maskulina och feminina ideal där männen beskyddar och kvinnorna beskyddas. Det finns ett visst motstånd mot dessa mönster som främst visar sig i karaktären Michonne som inte följer feminina ideal utan istället bär stereotypa maskulina egenskaper. De svarta kvinnliga karaktärerna följer inte feminina ideal utan tendenserar att motsätta sig normen medan de vita kvinnliga karaktärerna upprätthåller feminina ideal. De manliga karaktärerna förkroppsligar det manliga idealet ’den riktiga mannen’. Den maskulina hegemonin verkar med en hierarkisk ordning där den asiatiske och den svarta manliga karaktären befinner sig lägre än de vita karaktärerna.
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Friedrichs, Monika [Verfasser]. "Trainingseffekte von Zügigem Gehen (Walking) und Nordic Walking bei Gesundheitssportlerinnen / Monika Friedrichs, geb. Milewski". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156601827/34.
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Kendall-Bush, K. J. M. "Walking pictures : the ambulatory experience of London in walking tours and film, 1880-1939". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1427433/.
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“Walking Pictures” is about how tourists walk London. It studies two ways of walking the city: walking tours and film. My thesis demonstrates how each is implicated in the other’s practices. Combining historical research of the development of tourist walking between 1880 and 1939 with cinematic textual analysis of London-set non-fiction and fiction films of this period, I ask: how might the views and experiences of London’s walking tourists be imbricated within the city’s cinematic incarnations? I focus on a period between 1880 and 1939, when large numbers of tourists started arriving in London via new modes of mass transport. The development of walking tours for these tourists in the 1880s and 1890s runs roughly tandem to the early days of cinema. Though films taken aboard moving vehicles proved popular, early films were often taken on the ground, embodying a pedestrian view of the city. My first chapter therefore contextualises the thesis by telling a parallel history of tourists walking London’s streets and spectators experiencing those same streets in the cinema. Subsequent chapters follow thematic routes through the city, walking a literary London, landmark London, and an impoverished London. Each chapter asks a series of questions. What were the origins of these thematic routes? How and why did these routes become codified in the form of walking tours? What did tourists see and experience on these walks? How does cinema not only reflect the experiences of tourists, but enable those unable to walk the city’s actual streets to experience them fantasmatically in the cinema? Together these chapters seek to understand the cinematic city through its walks. Contributing to larger discourses in history, geography, and film studies, “Walking Pictures” addresses how representations of the city shape the way we perceive and move through urban space.
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Lay, Andrea N. "Neuromuscular Coordination during Slope Walking". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7507.
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The biomechanics and muscle activity of forward and backward slope walking was investigated in humans to gain additional insight into neural control strategies. An adjustable instrumented ramped walkway was constructed and validated. Kinematic, ground reaction force, and muscle activity data were collected from nine subjects walking at three grades (0%, 15%, and 39%) for each of four conditions (forward upslope and downslope and backward upslope and downslope). The changes observed in the data were generally progressive from 0% to 15% to 39% grade. During forward downslope walking the joint moment pattern at the knee changed significantly, power absorption increased, and changes in the muscle activity patterns corresponded directly to changes in joint mechanics. During forward upslope walking, the hip joint moment pattern changed significantly, power generation increased, and changes in the muscle activity pattern were not directly related to changes in the joint moments at all joints. The muscle activity pattern data suggest that modifications to the level walking control strategies were necessary during slope walking. Backward slope walking was used to further explore these findings. Backward upslope and forward downslope kinematics and kinetics were similar, as were those from backward downslope and forward upslope walking. However, power generation increased during upslope walking tasks and power absorption increased during downslope walking tasks, and the changes in muscle firing patterns were more similar for these tasks than for those with similar kinetics. Increased power generation required compensatory muscle activity at adjacent joints that was not directly related to the moments at those joints; increased power absorption did not require such compensatory activity, and muscle activity was directly related to the joint moments. Overall, these data suggest that changes in the control strategy and/or modifications of the level walking control strategy are strongly influenced by the power demands of a task. The characterization of forward and backward slope walking presented here is novel and has important implications for many patient populations; knowledge of the task mechanics may be used to develop or improve physical therapy and rehabilitation exercise programs as well as the design of replacement and/or assistive devices.
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Ullah, Kaleem, Ahmad Salman Khan i Mira Kajko-Mattsson. "Walking a Software Handover Process". KTH, Programvaru- och datorsystem, SCS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90213.
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To assure that process models correctly mirror the industrial reality, they need to be extracted and evaluated in many different contexts. In this paper, we walk a handover process in a Pakistani company, called VAST Pakistanusing the EM3 taxonomy of activities as a roadmap. We walk the process by following VAST Pakistan’s software lifecycle phases and by placing EM3 activities on them. The context studied covers handover of a software system from the vendor conducting system development, evolution and maintenance to an acquirer organization being the end-user and front-end support provider. The study is made from the acquirer’s perspective. Our results show that the EM3 taxonomy of activities covers correct handover activities. Due to its specific context, however, the process studied did not utilize all the activities as defined in EM3. Their choice is strongly dependent on the handover process context under study.QC 20120221
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Christodoulou, Christina. "Walking Away from the Runway". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-367.
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How fashion is being presented today? A retrospective research into the history of the fashion shows in order to observe and examine the metamorphosis of the runway presentations of the present time. Fashion designers from the Swedish School of Textiles have participated in the thesis' interview as to express their point of view and elaborate on the issue.
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Norman, Camille. "Walking backwards into the future". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4996.
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Chapter five contains my conclusions of the connections I find. In addition, I use examples from Witi Ihimaera's fictional novel The Uncles Story, as well as many other of his plays and novels, to show examples of influences from Maori culture, Mormonism, and his homosexuality on Ihimaera's work.; Recent artists like Norwegian Recycling and E-603 have created a new genre of art within music: digital recycling. These artists take many different well-known and less-known lyrics, music, and spoken word and combine them together. This meshing of multiple pieces of art has new historical roots. The different images, auditory and visual, that these creations produce and often enhance meaning and connections through popular media. These connections interest me most. Through the lenses of post-colonial, gender, and queer theories, I examine Witi Ihimaera's creative work. I splice in different theorists' words, my own thoughts, and images to enhance and accent Ihimaera's "Singing Word" (Juniper Ellis 170). According to Ihimaera, the written word and the "novel is alien to the indigenous form, and that where Maori are going now is probably where it's most natural, and that is into theatre or into poetry...and oral storytelling" (Ihimaera 170). As the first published playwright in New Zealand and as an English professor at the University of Auckland, Witi Ihimaera is a role model and leader to many other Maori and New Zealand playwrights and writers. I am most interested in understanding what and how he has been influenced as an artist. I craft a document that extends the idea of a written word in a Maori context, in which I explore the major influences on Ihimaera as a theatrical creator and influencer of other Maori artists. Chapter one introduces Witi Ihimaera and my methods. Chapter two includes my research on the Maori culture with the following subsections: the people, their traditions, and their paternal systems of power. Chapter three is my research on the influx of Pakeha authority highlighting the Mormon take over and how that affected author and playwright Witi Ihimaera. Chapter four is my research on how Ihimaera's homosexuality has influenced his creations and the contemporary Maori Performance.ID: 029810499; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).
M.A.
Masters
Theatre
Arts and Humanities
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Archer, Nigel John. "Control aspects of bipedal walking". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357841.
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Klenk, Daniel E. "Phase resetting of human walking". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68947.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-35).
This thesis is an investigation of the neural control of unimpaired human walking. Specifically, this work studied the potential for phase resetting of human walking by analyzing results from treadmill walking experiments. Subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotic device that attaches to the lower leg, which applied 6 Nm torque perturbations to the ankle that acted to plantarflex the ankle. The effect of these perturbations on the stride period was then analyzed to determine the potential for phase resetting of the gait. For the experimental setup used, no phase resetting was found. This was determined by fitting a Fourier series regression to the data and finding very low R² values for all subjects, ranging from 0.04 to 0.10, which implies that no underlying periodic curve exists in the data. This evidence of zero phase resetting is consistent with prior work that indicates some type of kinematic controller is present during walking.
by Daniel Klenk.
S.M.
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Everding, Vanessa Quigley. "Stability Analysis of Human Walking". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232680311.
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Al-Azzawi, M. "Factors affecting pedestrian walking speeds". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2004. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2749.
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The movement of pedestrians in the urban environment is vital for sustaining the social and economic relationships essential to the quality of life. To enable and encourage walking, suitable facilities must be available and planning and implementing such facilities requires an understanding of the characteristics of pedestrian movements. This thesis examined the factors which influence walking speeds, related them to current pedestrian modelling techniques and developed a series of new models to improve their estimation. A comprehensive review of current practices and procedures for modelling pedestrian walking speeds was carried out, identifying the factors currently used in existing methodology and highlighted its deficiencies. A significant finding from this study was that the industry-standard Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology as it currently stands is not fully applicable to the types of walking environments that were the subject of this research (on-street walkways in UK shopping and Central Business District areas). It was shown there is a need to provide more holistic relationships which take into account the interactions between the characteristics of pedestrians and their walking environments (both built and natural). A number of additional factors which have a significant affect on walking speeds were identified and a series of new statistical relationships were developed which were also tested and validated against independent data. The predictive performance of the new models was also compared against the leading industry-standard methodology and shown to provide significantly better estimates. Future areas of research were also identified and described. The research thus provided a greater understanding of the dynamics affecting walking speeds, thereby helping to assist transport planners and engineers with the study and design of suitable pedestrian facilities.
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Williams, J. R. "Walking aids for stroke patients". Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268190.
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Howe, Stephanie Marie. "The influence of bout interruptions on measured and predicted physical activity during treadmill walking and running". Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/howe/HoweS0508.pdf.
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The importance of daily physical activity (PA) has been established as a means of decreasing risk for chronic diseases. However, the presence of bout interruptions ((BI), defined as a brief pause (< 2 min) PA), can complicate measures of PA. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of different BI rules on PA during treadmill locomotion. Fifteen runners (6 women, 9 men) completed a series of walking (53.6, 107.2 m/min) and running (160.8 m/min) trials while using a metabolic measurement system to measure actual activity energy expenditure (AEEA) and four activity monitors to measure predicted AEE (AEEP). Treadmill speeds were selected to elicit light (L), moderate (M), and vigorous (V) PA intensities. Both AEEA and AEEP, were calculated as the sum within and between the start and end of each defined trial using 3 BI rules: 1) without an allowance for a BI (BI0), 2) or a 1-min BI allowance (BI1), 3) or a 2-min BI allowance (BI2). TA and TP were defined as the time spent at or above a moderate intensity during each PA bout for BI0, BI1, and BI2. Values of AEEA and AEEP for each BI definition and PA intensity were compared within intensities categories using a 2-factor RMANOVA, while data for all three PA intensities were evaluated simultaneously using a RMANOVA. Similarly, values of TA and TP for each BI definition were compared using the same multivariate RMANOVA model. Mean AEEA and AEEP for BI0 were significantly lower than those for BI1 and for BI2 at all PA intensities (p<0.05). When expressed as a percentage, the increase in AEEA and AEEP between BI0 and BI1, or BI1 and BI2, was 0.3-3.9% and between 5.5-11.0% for TA and TP across all intensities. Allowing for 1- or 2-min BIs within a PA bout significantly influences AEE and time during locomotion. These results suggest that rules for the number of BIs allowed should be established since an increase in BIs will cause PA outcome variables to become more dependent on the BIs than the PA itself.
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Adam, M. "An exploration of the employee's perception of walking : enhancing the walking experience in Kuala Lumpur". Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30776/.
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Urban planners in the Transportation Department of Kuala Lumpur, over a period of time, noticed a progressive increase in the influx of privately-owned vehicles into the city and decrease in the modal share of public transport. Over-dependence on cars has encouraged a sedentary lifestyle, an obesity epidemic, social exclusion and increased carbon foot print. This research investigates the factors that have led to the increasing dependency on private vehicles by employees who work in employment centres in Kuala Lumpur city. Deficiencies in urban planning have created a spatial separation between people and workplaces, meaning that the existing built environment and land uses are inadequately coordinated with various modes of transportation which could facilitate the movement of people in the city. This results in long hours of commuting between employment centres and residential areas, and causes severe traffic congestion into the city centre daily. Understanding this real life phenomenon in a holistic manner is vital in order to find or create alternatives to car dependency and traffic congestion, as it will show how people construct the meaning of commuting in their built environment, and how commuting can be beneficial to them. In order to establish these arguments, the research takes a qualitative research approach, collecting data from multiple sources of evidence such as interviews and participant observation. A multiple embedded case study approach was adopted, using two contrasting areas in the city of Kuala Lumpur as samples; both the user and the pedestrian environment were used as units of analysis to measure the research questions. This allowed for the use of cross-case analysis to expose replication logic between the two selected samples, after which the findings were adjusted to form four analytical categories: the user’s understanding and knowledge of walking to the workplace; the use of mixed modes of transportation; physical features that support walking to work; and stakeholders’ involvement. The framework for this research was formed by these analytical categories to meet the research aims of finding ways to improve the employees’ walking experience in the pedestrian environment in the context of Kuala Lumpur city. The results showed that the public have a negative attitude towards walking to work. The data collected revealed that the decision employees make to drive is somewhat uninformed, as they lack a holistic understanding of the benefits of incorporating walking to work as part of their daily routine. A framework is developed which proposes that the current mind-set towards walking can be reversed if the data from the analytical categories mentioned earlier are effectively deployed to enchance the walking experience. The study emphasises on the increased knowledge and better understanding of the situation among the employees in order to choose a sustainable way to travel to and around the city centre. The framework also aims to achieve a holistic understanding of incorporating walking as part of mixed mode transportation to the workplace for a more impactful solution to long-distance trips, and to affect, in a positive manner, the mind-set of people who still depend on cars to commute to work in Kuala Lumpur city.
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Spencer, Thomas William. "Walking in Rome : Walking and the construction of subjectivity: a study of three Augustan poets". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508053.
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Galea, Holmes Melissa. "Increasing walking in individuals with intermittent claudication : the roles of walking treatment and illness cognitions". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/increasing-walking-in-individuals-with-intermittent-claudication(70db91ec-edef-44bd-9d78-06e04fe78f1d).html.
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Background: Intermittent claudication (IC) is ischaemic leg pain associated with reduced walking ability. Walking is a recommended but underused treatment for IC. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Common Sense Model of Illness Representations (CSM) are frameworks for understanding and changing health behaviours, such as walking, through appropriate behaviour-change techniques (BCTs). This research evaluated cognitions about walking treatment and illness defined by the TPB and CSM, respectively, to inform the development and evaluation of a behaviour-change intervention (BCI) in people with IC. Methods: Medical Research Council guidelines for developing and evaluating complex interventions informed five studies, including people with IC: a) a systematic review of randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions applying BCTs targeting walking; b) a qualitative exploration of experiences of and beliefs about walking and IC; c) a cross-sectional observational evaluation of TPB and CSM constructs for explaining walking intention and objective walking ability (6 Minute Walk Distance [6MWD]); d) a feasibility study of an RCT evaluating a physiotherapist-led BCI targeting objective walking behaviour (pedometer step count) and ability (6MWD); and e) a nested qualitative study evaluating the acceptability of the RCT and BCI to participants and a physiotherapist. Results: a) The systematic review identified 6 RCTs, which reported 11 BCTs. Barrier identification and problem solving, self-monitoring, and feedback on performance were included in effective interventions. b) In the qualitative study (n=19), two themes (and five subthemes) emerged: 1) Walking is an overlooked self-management opportunity (IC is benign and leg pain can be overcome; IC is severe and there is nothing I can do); and 2) Tailored walking guidance is desired (Varied outcome expectations of walking; Barriers to walking to intensity; and Limited purposeful walking for exercise) among people with IC. c) A cross-sectional study (n=142) explained 73% and 28% of variance in walking intention and 6MWD. TPB constructs (β=0.23, 0.35, and 0.34 for attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) and perceived consequences (β=0.15) contributed to walking intention, whereas CSM constructs (β=-0.20, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.18 for treatment control, personal control, coherence, and risk factor attributions) contributed to 6MWD, beyond past walking behaviour. d) Feasibility of an RCT evaluating a home-based BCI was demonstrated (n=24): intervention adherence (71%), study retention (92%), and treatment fidelity evaluation methods met feasibility criteria, and a moderate treatment effect (Hedges g=0.39, 95% CI -0.47, 1.25) on objective walking behaviour, but not 6MWD, was found. e) Feasibility and acceptability of the protocol and interventions was confirmed by narrative accounts of participants and the physiotherapist in a nested qualitative study. Conclusions: The TPB and CSM were evaluated and applied in the systematic development of a walking BCI for people with IC. Few high-quality RCTs were identified which evaluate BCTs targeting walking for IC, walking is overlooked as a self-management opportunity among people with IC who desire tailored walking guidance, and walking treatment cognitions explain walking intention, whereas illness cognitions explain objective walking ability. An RCT evaluating a home-based physiotherapist-led BCI targeting BCTs was feasible, and acceptable to participants with IC and the physiotherapist.
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Arnaud, A. "The industrial pneumatic walking platform: The design, build and coding process of a walking machine". Thesis, Arnaud, A. (2016) The industrial pneumatic walking platform: The design, build and coding process of a walking machine. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36712/.
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The main aim of the thesis is to study and replicate quadruped movement in the hopes of utilizing its biological behaviour to integrate in machinery and aid work undertaken in industrial environments. The thesis focuses on the design, build and programming of a quadruped walking platform for the main purpose of showcasing, industrial grade carrying purposes as well as a potential teaching tool. Inspired by the biological movements of quadruped animals, the machine must be able to efficiently move from one point to another with sufficient reactive control, while simultaneously carrying significant weight. The control of the overall machine will be done through a microcontroller, actuating different parts of the machine while sensing its current states.
The challenges faced during this thesis centred on the mimicking of biological behaviour and motion: Quadrupeds move around using a combination of synchronised leg movements and environmental sensory feedback. Replicating this behaviour proved to be difficult, even at a simpler scale.
Ideally the project must be able to accommodate the continuation of work by future students, by providing any additional appropriate documents.
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Schneider, Jacquelyn Renee. "Walking in Washington| Examining the Distinctions in Super Pedestrian Walking Trips in the District of Columbia". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10124388.
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This study defines and determines the characteristics of super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. Super pedestrian trips are defined here as trips greater than the third quartile distance based on data from the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) Household Travel Survey 2010/2011. In this case, super pedestrian trips are quantified as greater than 0.6 miles; super pedestrians are those completing the trip. A trip is defined as one complete segment of travel (i.e., walking directly from home to the office). Using data from the MWCOG Household Travel Survey 2010/2011, this study determines who makes super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. and assesses their socio-demographic characteristics using a linear regression model. The results from the linear regression model show that super pedestrians are likely to be young, low-income, male minorities without driver’s licenses or access to vehicles within the household. Pedestrians traveling the farthest distance may do so only out of necessity. The bulk of current planning and transportation literature focuses on the shortest pedestrian travel distances for trips typically less than one-quarter mile. However, pedestrians are walking greater distances and it is worth understanding from a planning and policy perspective the implications of these trips for livability and design of the urban environment. The core findings from this research contribute to the growing body of research on pedestrian behavior by illuminating the socio-demographic characteristics of those walking the farthest distances.
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Coffee, Neil. "Constructing an objective index of walkability /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc674.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geography and Environmental Studies, 2005?Title from screen page (viewed February 24, 2006). Bibliography: leaves 151-159. Also available in electronic version.
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Gupta, Anuj Kumar. "A study on pedestrian walking behavior". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 4.16 Mb., 190 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428195.
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Stoughton, Laurie Jane. "Psychological profiles before and after 12 weeks of walking or exerstrider training in adult women /". Connect to online version, 1992. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/43860.
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Pantazis, Ioannis. "Tracking human walking using MARG sensors". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FPantazis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Systems Engeineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Xiaoping Yun. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95). Also available online.
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Hediyeh, Houman. "Investigation of microscopic pedestrian walking behavior". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42788.
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In sustainable urban planning, non-motorized active modes of travel such as walking are identified as a leading driver for a healthy, liveable, and resource-efficient environment. Walking is also an integral component of most trips. However, walking receives less attention in transportation engineering and planning compared to motorized modes. As the global society is becoming more aware of the benefits of active transportation, there is an increasing demand for designing and shaping the transportation system to put more emphasis on pedestrians. As such, standards and guidelines need to be developed in order to provide practitioners with the tools required to objectively evaluate pedestrian oriented facilities. However, the tools and methods developed and used for modeling pedestrian movement have not yet been developed to a level that can reliably measure pedestrian activity and behavior. To encourage walking, there is a need for a solid understanding of pedestrian walking behavior. This understanding is central to the evaluation of measures of walking conditions such as comfortability and efficiency. The aim of this thesis work is to gain an in-depth understanding of pedestrian walking behavior through the investigation of walking speed and the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This microscopic-level analysis provides insight into the pedestrian walking mechanisms and the effect of various attributes such as gender and age. The analysis relies on automated video-based data collection using computer vision techniques. This thesis makes several contributions which include: i) demonstrating the feasibility of using computer vision to capture pedestrian movement, ii) investigation of pedestrian speed variations with respect to design changes to intersection crossings, iii) investigation of the ability of individual pedestrians to change their walking speed as a response to pedestrian signal indications, iv) investigation of pedestrian gait parameters for various pedestrian and design attributes, and v) development of a methodology for classification of pedestrian age and gender using spatiotemporal gait parameters.
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Kerrane, Eoin. "Lattice phenomenology of minimal walking technicolor". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6186.
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As results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) begin to shed light on the physics of the electroweak scale, which has been of primary interest to theorists for many years, we have entered a phase where critical judgement of the many models of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) that have been developed in recent years will be possible. As this process continues, those models which are not additionally constrained by emerging data attract increased scrutiny and interest. In this respect, technicolor models, in which EWSB occurs dynamically through the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a new strongly coupled sector, are the subject of growing research activity. The focus of this work is a program of investigation of Minimal Walking Technicolor (MWT), a candidate theory for the new strongly coupled sector of a model of dynamical EWSB using Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT) techniques. We have performed an improved comprehensive study of mesonic spectral observables within MWT, with emphasis on nite volume e ects arising from nite temporal and spatial boundaries. Our results clarify the role of nite volume e ects in such studies, while con rming the near-conformal behaviour of the theory in the infra-red, and indicating a relatively small value of the mass anomalous dimension, in agreement with other studies. We also describe a calculation of the leading order hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon from a lattice simulation of 2+1 avour lattice QCD using Domain Wall Fermions (DWF). We investigate in detail a number of systematic uncertainties involved in this calculation, determining how to e ectively bring them under control, and obtain a result in close agreement with previous determinations from LGT studies, from calculations based on independent experimental data, and from experimental measurements. We present a preliminary calculation of the contribution to the electroweak S parameter from MWT, using a mixed-action simulation involving the DWF action used for the valence sector combined with gauge con gurations generated using the Wilson fermion action for sea quarks.
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Melgoza, Renato Samperio. "Visual localisation for aibo walking robots". Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495774.
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Sansam, Katherine Alice Julia. "Predicting walking following lower limb amputation". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659125.
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Lower limb amputation is a common clinical problem with around 7,000 leg amputations occurring in the UK per year. This commonly results in impaired mobility, which may also influence an individual's quality of life and independence. However, it is difficult to predict walking ability with a prosthesis accurately. The objective of this thesis is to establish whether simple clinical tests can be used to predict walking outcome following lower limb amputation . A systematic literature review, performed to establish current knowledge regarding predictors of walking following lower limb amputation, found inconsistent results and variability in methodology making comparison difficult. Data were collected to ascertain the current clinical assessment practice and mobility outcome for lower limb amputees in Leeds. This indicated that only around one third of patients achieve independent walking with a prosthesis. A qualitative interview study was completed with clinicians experienced in amputee rehabilitation to explore in more depth the decision making processes that are used to determine whether a patient is supplied with a prosthesis and what components are prescribed. This identified four key themes, one of which was estimating outcome, emphasising the clinical importance of predicting walking outcome in amputee rehabilitation. The final section of the research took the form of an observational study looking at the predictive nature of simple clinical tests on walking outcome after prosthetic rehabilitation. Backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis resulted in a model that was able to predict 59% of the variance in the timed up and go test and contained six predictor variables; age, gender, amputation level, presence of contracture, ability to stand on one leg and performance on the trail making test. If confirmed in a larger population and across multiple sites these simple tests could be used to improve estimation of walking outcome in the future.
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Arechavaleta-Servin, Gustavo. "An optimality principle governing human walking". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260990.
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L'objectif dans ce travail est d'étudier la locomotion humaine. Notre approche met en évidence le rapport qui existe entre la forme géométrique des trajectoires locomotrices et le modèle cinématique simplifié d'un robot mobile à roues. Ce type de système a déjà été longtemps étudié dans le domaine de la robotique. D'un point de vue purement cinématique, la particularité d'un robot à roues est la contrainte non holonome qui impose au robot de se déplacer toujours selon la tangente à son axe principal. Dans le cas de la marche humaine, les observations nous montrent que les humains marchent vers l'avant et la direction instantanée du corps est tangente à la trajectoire qu'ils réalisent (dû à certains restrictions mécanique, anatomique... du corps au moment de la marche). Ce couplage entre la direction et la position du corps impose une contrainte non holonome parce qu'elle ne restreint pas la dimension de l'espace accessible à partir d'une configuration quelconque. Du point de vue du conducteur, une voiture possède deux commandes : l'accélérateur et le volant. La première question abordée ici peut être formulée de la manière suivante : où se trouve le ''volant'' du corps humain ? Plusieurs repères ont été associés aux différents parties du squelette (tête, tronc et bassin). Dans notre étude expérimentale nous montrons qu'il existe un repère qui prend en compte la nature non holonome de la locomotion humaine et que c'est le tronc qui joue le rôle du "volant". Nous avons validé notre modèle avec une base de données de 1560 trajectoires enregistrées à partir des trajectoires faites par 7 sujets. La deuxième question abordée dans ce travail est la suivante : parmi toutes les trajectoires possibles qui existent pour atteindre une position avec une orientation données, pourquoi l'humain effectue une trajectoire au lieu d'une autre ? Afin de donner une possible réponse à cette question, nous avons fait appel à la commande optimale : les trajectoires ont été choisies sel on un critère à optimiser. Dans cette perspective, le sujet est vu comme un système de commande, donc, la question devient : quel est le critère à optimiser ? est-ce la longueur de la trajectoire ? ou le temps parcouru ? ou la secousse minimale ?... Dans cet étude nous montrons que les trajectoires locomotrices peuvent être approximées par les géodésiques d'un système différentiel minimisant la norme de la commande. Ces géodésiques sont composés de morceaux de clothoides. Une clothoide, ou spirale de Cornu, est une courbe dont la courbure varie linéairement en fonction de l'abscisse curviligne. Nous montrons que le 90% des trajectoires faites par les 7 sujets ont été approximées avec une erreur moyenne de moins de 10cm. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail nous réalisons la synthèse numérique de trajectoires optimales dans l'espace atteignable. Il s'agit de partitionner l'espace des configurations par rapport aux différents types de trajectoires optimales qui peuvent relier l'origine à un point dans cet espace. Deux points appartiennent à une même cellule si les trajectoires parcourues sont de même type. Dans la plupart des cas le passage entre deux cellules adjacentes se fait par une déformation continue des trajectoires. Il est remarquable de noter que les rares cas de discontinuités du modèle proposé correspondent précisément aux changements de stratégies observées chez les sujets.
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Rigobon, Daniel E. "Models of entrainment of human walking". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119940.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-40).
Stable human locomotion may be described as a non-linear limit cycle oscillator. This claim has been supported through the observation of dynamic entrainment and phase-locking to external mechanical perturbations applied at the ankle. Simple models have been developed in attempts to understand these behaviors, but have been unsuccessful at replicating experimental studies. In this manuscript, an energy-based controller was implemented on a single degree-of-freedom model, adjusting its leading leg angle at heel strike and consequently the energy dissipation of the model. Stochasticity was applied to the controller to simulate the variability which has been observed and quantified in walking. The results indicate that energy control may be responsible for entrainment in human walking, but a revised model may be required to match the experimental coefficients of variation in step duration and velocity.
by Daniel E. Rigobon.
S.B.
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Ulland, Karsten P. (Karsten Paul). "Blind bipedal walking on rough terrain". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36047.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 129).
by Karsten P. Ulland.
M.Eng.
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Chew, Chee-Meng 1966. "Dynamic bipedal walking assisted by learning". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88863.
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Herlihey, Tracey A. "Optic flow, egocentric direction and walking". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54390/.
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This research explored two aspects of visually guided walking (1) what is the role of optic flow in the recalibration of misperceived direction while walking, and (2) how does a change in perceived direction map onto a change in walking direction. Data from five studies investigating adaptation to displaced direction (by prism glasses) suggested the following. First, optic flow is important in the recalibration of perceived direction. Further, processing optic flow is attentionally demanding, such that when cognitive load is increased, recalibration decreases. The results also demonstrated that the timecourse of recalibration changed as a function of the presence, or absence, of optic flow. With regards to the relationship between egocentric direction and walking direction, we demonstrated that a change in visual straight ahead could be mapped onto a change in target-heading error. We found that this relationship held when we unpacked the data according to the direction of displacement to which observers were exposed. The important relationship between visually perceived direction and walking direction was also highlighted in a patient study, using patients whose perception of direction was endogenously shifted after a right hemisphere stroke. Taken together, the results of this thesis help to highlight the role of optic flow in the recalibration of perceived direction, and the role of perceived direction in the visual guidance of walking. It is argued that optic flow promotes rapid recalibration of visual direction, and that change in perceived visual straight ahead can be mapped onto a changed in walking direction.