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Avgerou, Chrisanthi, Silvia Masiero i Angeliki Poulymenakou. "Trusting e-voting amid experiences of electoral malpractice: The case of Indian elections". Journal of Information Technology 34, nr 3 (1.02.2019): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396218816199.
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This article constructs explanatory theory on trust in e-voting, a term that refers to the use of stand-alone IT artefacts in voting stations. We study e-voting as a techno-organisational arrangement embedded in the process of elections and the broader socio-economic context of a country. Following a critical realist approach, we apply retroduction and retrodiction principles to build theory by complementing existing studies of e-voting with insights from an in-depth case study of elections in India. First, we seek evidence of trust in e-voting in the responses of the public to the announcement of election results. Then we derive the following four mechanisms of trust creation or loss: the association of e-voting with the production of positive democratic effects; the making of e-voting part of the mission and identity of electoral authorities; the cultivation of a positive public attitude to IT with policies for IT-driven socio-economic development; and, in countries with turbulent political cultures, a clear distinction between the experience of voting as orderly and experiences of malpractice in other election tasks. We suggest that these mechanisms explain the different experience with e-voting of different countries. Attention to them helps in assessing the potential of electoral technologies in countries that are currently adopting them, especially fragile democracies embarking upon e-voting.
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Rule, Nicholas O., Jonathan B. Freeman, Joseph M. Moran, John D. E. Gabrieli, Reginald B. Adams i Nalini Ambady. "Voting behavior is reflected in amygdala response across cultures". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 5, nr 2-3 (5.12.2009): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp046.
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Jarvis, Sharon E., i Jay T. Jennings. "Republicans Should Vote: Partisan Conceptions of Electoral Participation in Campaign 2016". American Behavioral Scientist 61, nr 6 (maj 2017): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217720481.
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Research has identified differences in partisan communication styles, cognitive processing, values, and cultures. This article assesses if there are also differences in how Democrats and Republicans conceive of electoral participation. We submitted 1,730 open-ended responses from a 2016 survey prompt soliciting thoughts and feelings about voting to computerized content analysis. Findings show that Republicans employed more confident and less negative language than Democrats in their responses. Additionally, a close read of the Republican statements reveals how they expressed that their electoral participation matters. Our conclusion addresses how the traditional ideals often associated with the Grand Old Party may make them a more duty-based constituency valuing voting more than their less conservative peers.
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Johnston, R. J. "The Neighbourhood Effect Revisited: Spatial Science or Political Regionalism?" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, nr 1 (marzec 1986): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040041.
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The neighbourhood effect in voting studies is defined as the concentration of votes for a party in a place which is greater than expected. It is usually accounted for as the consequence of biased flows of relevant information through local social networks, and no reference is made to the role of political parties in the manipulation of those flows and networks. Such a role was referred to in pioneer geographical studies, but has largely been ignored since, apparently because it does not readily fit into the spatial science paradigm. It is argued that the agenda-setting role of parties and the importance of local organisation are crucial influences on voting patterns. Parties are embedded in local cultures and are involved in their creation.
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Enke, Benjamin. "Moral Boundaries". Annual Review of Economics 16, nr 1 (22.08.2024): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-091223-093730.
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This article reviews the growing economics literature that studies the politico-economic impacts of heterogeneity in moral boundaries across individuals and cultures. The so-called universalism-versus-particularism cleavage has emerged as a main organizing principle behind various salient features of contemporary political competition, including individual-level and spatial variation in voting, the realignment of rich liberals and poor conservatives, the internal structure of ideology, and the moral content of political messaging. A recurring theme is that the explanatory power of universalism for left-wing policy views and voting is considerably larger than that of traditional economic variables. Looking at the origins of heterogeneity in universalism, an emerging consensus is that cross-group variation is partly economically functional and reflects that morality evolved to support cooperation in economic production. This insight organizes much work on how kinship systems, market exposure, political institutions, and ecology have shaped universalism through their impacts on the relative benefits of localized and impersonal interactions.
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Murwani, Endah, Evlyn Genki, Nathanael Dewa i Stephanie Adita. "Participatory Culture Fans Of Boyband Exo On Social Media Instagram". JCommsci - Journal of Media and Communication Science 6, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jcommsci.v6i1.201.
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Phenomenon Hallyu that has become endemic in several countries does offer its own entertainment. Talking about K-Pop, it's always an interesting thing to discuss considering its significant development. The love of fans for their idols makes whatever the latest news about idols is spread on social media will always be monitored at any time regardless of the time. .This study aims to find out how the behavior patterns of fans of boyband EXO, commonly known as EXO-L, on the @WowFaktaEXO Instagram page This study uses a qualitative research with descriptive nature and data collection of observations and interviews. The data analysis method used is virtual ethnography. This study uses the concept of participatory cultures which is illustrated through four participatory cultures, namely: affiliation, expression, collaborative problem solving, and circulation. The results showed that fans joined the Exo-L community such as making fan videos, reading fan fiction stories, participating in anniversary projects, mass voting or streaming and circulating in the fan community.
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Woods-Hill, Charlotte, Danielle Koontz, Annie Voskertchian, Marlene Miller, James Fackler, Judy Shea i Aaron Michael Milstone. "Bright STAR Collaborative Consensus Guidelines for Blood Culture Use in Critically Ill Children". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (październik 2020): s22—s23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.499.
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Background: Blood cultures are essential diagnostic tools used to identify bloodstream infections and to guide antimicrobial therapy. However, collecting cultures without clear indications or that do not inform management can lead to false-positive results and unnecessary use of antibiotics. Blood culture practices vary significantly in critically ill children. Our objective was to create a consensus guideline focusing on when to safely avoid blood cultures in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Methods: A panel of multidisciplinary experts, many participating in the Blood Culture Improvement Guidelines and Diagnostic Stewardship for Antibiotic Reduction in Critically Ill Children (Bright STAR) Collaborative, engaged in a 2-part modified Delphi process. Round 1 consisted of a preparatory literature summary and an electronic survey sent to subject matter experts (SMEs). In the survey, SMEs rated a series of recommendations about when to avoid blood cultures on a 5-point Likert scale, 1 being the lowest score and 5 being the highest score. Consensus was achieved for each recommendation if 75% of respondents chose a score of 4 or 5, and these were included in the final guideline. Any recommendations that did not meet these a priori criteria for consensus were set aside for discussion during the in-person expert panel review (round 2). An outside expert in consensus methodology facilitated round 2. After a review of the survey results and comments from round 1 and group discussion, the SMEs voted on these recommendations in real time. Voting was blinded. Participants included Bright STAR site leads, national content experts, and representatives from relevant national societies. Results: We received 29 completed surveys from 34 invited participants for an 85% response rate. Of the 27 round 1 recommendations, 18 met predetermined criteria for consensus. Round 2 included 26 in-person voting participants who (1) discussed and modified the 9 recommendations that had not met round 1 consensus, and (2) modified for clarity or condensed from multiple into single recommendations the 18 recommendations that had met the round 1 consensus. The final document contains 19 recommendations that provide guidance on how to safely improve blood culture use in PICU patients (Table 1). Also, 8 recommendations discussed did not reach consensus for inclusion. Conclusions: Using a modified Delphi process, we created consensus recommendations on when to avoid blood cultures and prevent overuse in critically ill children. These guidelines are a critical step in disseminating diagnostic stewardship and reducing unnecessary testing on a wider scale.Funding: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, R18 HS025642-01, 9/2017 – 9/2020 (Aaron Milstone, PI)Disclosures: None
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Zaborowski, Marcin. "Postal ballot in unconsolidated democracy: Poland's case". Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 15, nr 3 (18.05.2021): 360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-09-2020-0278.
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Purpose As the democratic world debates and in some cases replaces physical voting with postal ballots and on-line voting, it is important to refrain from advocating a generic approach to the issue and in particular to distinguish between consolidated and unconsolidated democracies. Design/methodology/approach The paper argues that unconsolidated democracies are not fit for the introduction of non-physical (postal ballot and on-line) voting methods, which rather than broadening the scope of democracy may in actual fact be derailing it. The key reason for this distinction is the lack of political consensus for constitutional rules, the weakness of the rule of law and persistence of parochial and subject-based political cultures in many countries of the region, including Poland. Findings Replacing physical voting with postal ballot, attempted during Presidential elections in the summer 2020 in Poland, eventually failed and was replaced with conventional physical vote. However, the Polish case demonstrates that in the system with weak checks and balances, postal ballot could be used to consolidate illiberalism not democracy. Research limitations/implications The paper demonstrates that further research on defining consolidated and unconsolidated democracy is needed. In particular there is a need to factor in the research on political culture into the definitions of democratic consolidation. Practical implications EU membership for Poland and some other Central European states – such as Hungary – failed to prompt the process of democratic consolidation. In fact the opposite happened as the impact of EU conditionality lost relevance. It is important that any change of electoral law in Poland and other rule of law violators in the region is viewed with great care and scrutiny. Originality/value The paper’s conceptual approach rests on the definition of consolidated democracy as put forward by Przeworski (1991) and developed by Linz and Stepan (1996). According to these definitions, Poland is not yet a consolidated democracy and as argued in the paper, it has actually experienced an expansion of illiberalism in recent years. The paper also posits that the concept of “consolidated democracy” should be augmented to include the existence of civic political culture as a necessary condition for the maintenance of a healthy democracy.
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Adriaenssens, Philippe. "Rapprochement between the EU and the UN: History and Balance of Intersecting Political Cultures". European Foreign Affairs Review 13, Issue 1 (1.02.2008): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2008003.
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Abstract. This article elucidates how the affiliation between the EU and the UN occurred historically and depicts a potential roadmap of how regional entities can affirm themselves in a globalized world. It endeavours to draw up a balance sheet of failed commitments and positive outcomes while pointing to how both organizations influenced the other’s political culture. This contribution takes a very empirical approach and draws on neo-functionalist and constructivist theories in order to demonstrate that the ever closer cooperation among the Europeans within the UN structure has triggered EU regional collaboration with the UN organization. The study argues that the frequent consultations in New York resulted in common EC/EU Presidency statements (section II) and a higher voting consensus (section III). Both multilateral organizations eventually forged various practices of collaboration (section IV) and established a permanent regional–global dialogue (section V). The conclusion calls the history of the convergence a process of cross-pollination and it develops the concept of ‘UNization’, in addition to the existing concept of ‘Europeanization’. The ever stronger partnership shows great promise in tackling contemporary challenges, on the condition that the EU does not fail to proceed with institutional updates.
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Davoodian, Ehsan. "Position of Citizenship Rights in Criminal Procedure Law Enacted on 2014". Journal of Politics and Law 9, nr 6 (31.07.2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n6p171.
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Citizenship rights is a legal term which has several definitions in diverse social and ideological schools; in some cultures its political and social aspects are emphasized more and terms such as nationality and voting right are mentioned and there is no theoretical agreement on it. But generally it can be said that citizenship rights are a collection of legislations and laws intended to protect human personality and dignity in all judicial-political and social fields and a citizen enjoys citizenship rights through living in a special geographical region and by virtue of the relationship existing between he/she and the ruling government. Based on this approach citizenship rights branching out the basic laws of every country, lay a responsibility upon both the citizen and the government and are also entry into force and performance guaranteed such as observing privacy, environment protection and so on.
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Sheps, R., K. Kirk, V. Burkoski i D. Shelton. "LO88: Reducing urine culture testing in the emergency department". CJEM 21, S1 (maj 2019): S39—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.130.
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Background: The Choosing Wisely campaign aims to reduce unnecessary testing. Over testing for urinary tract infections and concomitant overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is a target of this campaign, aiming to decrease healthcare costs and the risks of side effects such as Clostridium difficile infection, adverse reactions, and antimicrobial resistance. During the study baseline (2017), 95 urine cultures (UC) were sent for every 1000 ED visits (9.5%). Of these, fewer than 20% were positive. Aim Statement: The aim of this improvement initiative was to reduce UC testing in the ED, by 50%, from a baseline average of nearly 100 cultures per 1000 ED patients visits, to 50 cultures per 1000 visits, by May 31st, 2018. Measures & Design: This was an interrupted time series study, analyzed using Statistical Process Control (SPC) methodology. Root cause analysis was performed using an Ishikawa diagram. A Pareto chart was completed via multi-voting. A Driver Diagram was developed using the highest ranked items from the Pareto chart to identify locally relevant and feasible interventions. Interventions 1) Medical directives were modified; Routine paired sending of UC with urinalysis by nurses was removed. 2) Physician Education and implementation of a clinical decision aid (CDA); A CDA was created using PDSA methodology, using an iterative approach from development through implementation. Outcome measure: rate of Urine Cultures sent per 1000 ED patient visits Process measure: percent of positive cultures Balancing measures: rate of 14-day ED return visits and hospital admission for patients diagnosed with UTI/Urosepsis/Pyelonephritis. Evalution/Results: At the study's conclusion, there was a decrease in UC rate, from 95 per 1000 ED visits, to 59 per 1000 ED visits (RR 38%, AR 3.6%) There was evidence of special cause variation on the SPC chart. Positive cultures increased from 19% to 34%. There was no increase in the rate of ED 14-day return visits or hospital admission for patients with a diagnosis of UTI, urosepsis or pyelonephritis. Discussion/Impact: The study interventions of uncoupling routine sending of UA and UC, and physician education and use of a clinical decision aid, effectively decreased the rate of UC testing during the study period. A reduction in inappropriate UC testing is important to limit avoidable patient morbidity and reduce unnecessary health care spending. Further studies are indicated to target interventions on patient subgroups and to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
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Nurmi, Hannu, i Yrjö Uusi-Heikkilä. "Computer simulations of approval and plurality voting: The frequency of weak pareto violations and condorcet loser choices in impartial cultures". European Journal of Political Economy 2, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(86)80004-0.
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Donges, Jonathan F., Jobst Heitzig, Wolfram Barfuss, Marc Wiedermann, Johannes A. Kassel, Tim Kittel, Jakob J. Kolb i in. "Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE open World–Earth modeling framework". Earth System Dynamics 11, nr 2 (4.05.2020): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-395-2020.
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Abstract. Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires explicitly taking into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in human societies, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growing feedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biological systems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth system models do not represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with the biogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic integrated assessment models typically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes design principles for constructing world–Earth models (WEMs) for Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (world)–ecological (Earth) coevolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE open simulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMs based on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure to flexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g., carbon cycle dynamics), socio-metabolic or economic (e.g., economic growth or energy system changes), and sociocultural processes (e.g., voting on climate policies or changing social norms) and their feedback interactions, and they are based on elementary entity types, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables the epistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories and methodologies used for describing socio-metabolic or economic and sociocultural processes in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. To illustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary and highly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizing sociocultural processes and feedbacks such as voting on climate policies based on socially learned environmental awareness could fundamentally change macroscopic model outcomes.
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Bala, Poline. "Political Breakthrough in a Rural Community during the 2011 Sarawak State Election: An Ethnographic Perspective". Kajian Malaysia 42, nr 2 (31.10.2024): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.2.7.
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This article draws on empirical data and ethnographic evidence as a springboard to explore issues affecting narratives and observations made during the 2011 Sarawak State Election. It throws light on ways in which communities and cultures at the periphery of the Malaysian nation state grapple with the potentials and consequences of elections in the process of economic, political and social transformation. Eschewing aspects of candidates’ selections, electoral campaign process and actual voting behaviour of individual voters, the main analysis is of the formulation of local understandings and meanings of the state elections in two rural settlements of Ba’ Kelalan and Bario located close to the border between Sarawak and Kalimantan. This article suggests that an account of their experiences is a necessity in order to understand what functions and whose interest elections serve, and most importantly what election actually does and means within particular circumstances of local history. As a political phenomenon, elections can look different from the perspective of those close to the centre of power in contrast to those with little power within a political hierarchy.
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Aldhahi, Waleed, Thekra Albusair i Sanghoon Sull. "Beauty in the Eyes of Machine: A Novel Intelligent Signal Processing-Based Approach to Explain the Brain Cognition and Perception of Beauty Using Uncertainty-Based Machine Voting". Electronics 12, nr 1 (23.12.2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010048.
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The most mysterious question humans have ever attempted to answer for centuries is, “What is beauty, and how does the brain decide what beauty is?”. The main problem is that beauty is subjective, and the concept changes across cultures and generations; thus, subjective observation is necessary to derive a general conclusion. In this research, we propose a novel approach utilizing deep learning and image processing to investigate how humans perceive beauty and make decisions in a quantifiable manner. We propose a novel approach using uncertainty-based ensemble voting to determine the specific features that the brain most likely depends on to make beauty-related decisions. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach to prove the relation between golden ratio and facial beauty. The results show that beauty is more correlated with the right side of the face and specifically with the right eye. Our study and findings push boundaries between different scientific fields in addition to enabling numerous industrial applications in variant fields such as medicine and plastic surgery, cosmetics, social applications, personalized treatment, and entertainment.
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Adam Huda Nugraha, Achmad Benny Mutiara i Dewi Agushinta Rahayu. "CONCEPTUAL REGIONAL ORIGIN RECOGNITION USING CNN CONVOUTION NEURAL NETWORK ON BANDUNG, BOGOR AND CIREBON REGIONAL ACCENTS". International Journal Multidisciplinary Science 2, nr 2 (17.06.2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijml.v2i2.696.
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Sound detection is a challenge in machine learning due to the noisy nature of signals, and the small amount of (labeled) data that is usually available. The need for sound detection in Indonesia is quite important because there are many community organizations that form groups according to the land of their origin. Especially in big cities, where people from various tribes gather and exchange cultures. However, it has a disadvantage that affects these tribes, namely the loss of the original culture of certain areas. The Sundanese are the object of this research, including Bandung, Bogor and Cirebon. Voice data is divided into 2 types, namely male and female, each region consists of 50 respondents with 25 male and female voices with a maximum voting time of 1 minute. The method used is CNN architecture based on supervised learning, preprocessing using MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) to obtain feature extraction from voice data. CNN architecture is carried out 3 times convolution with max pooling and dropout on each convolution.
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Komarytsia, Mariana. "Dialogue of Cultures and Emancipation: based on Publications from the Magazine «Zhinocha Dolia»". Presoznavstvo. Press Studies, nr 5 (grudzień 2024): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.37222/2786-7552-2024-5-3.
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The aim of the article is to trace the multifaceted nature and specifics of how was presented the emancipation movement by the editors and authors of the journal «Zhinocha Dolia» (Women's Fate, Kolomyia, 1925–1939). A comprehensive approach to the research object allows for the inclusion of individual facts into the historical retrospective and national context of various nations' traditions. It also enables the study of the influence of historical, religious, and political factors, including the process of decolonization in countries such as Czechoslovakia, Turkey, Japan, China, Canada, the USA, India, and others. The research objective is to identify, systematize, and analyze the journal's publications that introduced readers to broad geographic and cultural horizons as a window into the world of diverse national traditions and historical realities. The study also examines the societal response to women's acquisition of voting rights, access to education, equal pay with men, and participation in various public associations and organizations. Research methods include analytical (content analysis), descriptive, historical, and comparative approaches. The novelty of the article is in its first-ever analysis of materials from the Kolomyian journal Zhinocha Dolia focused on of studying the systematic process of the emancipation movement in different countries around the world. The journal's long publication period provides a chronological framework spanning a decade and a half. At the same time, its extensive geographic scope highlights various forms of women's rights oppression in a historical and cultural context. Conclusion: The analysis of the wide thematic, problematic, and geographical spectrum of the publications demonstrates the complexity of the issue of women's equality, the need for its legislative enshrinement, taking into account the importance of historical, national, and religious traditions, and the necessity of exchanging experiences among women's organizations of different nations. Keywords: emancipation movement, Zhinocha Dolia, Olena Kysilevska, intercultural dialogue.
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Murray, Robert. "Liberalism, Culture, Aboriginal Rights: In Defence of Kymlicka". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 29, nr 1 (marzec 1999): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1999.10717507.
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In their 1969 so-called White Paper on Indian Policy,Pierre Trudeau's government argued that it was time to abolish the group-specific rights differentiating Aboriginal people from other Canadians, including, in some Aboriginal societies, the group-specific right to restrict voting, residency, public office, and other social goods, to their Aboriginal members. Given the negative impact the loss of such so-called collective or group rights would have on the security of their cultures, Aboriginal people were incensed, and, consequently, the federal liberals backed down. More recently, Gordon Campbell maintained as a 1996 election promise that, were his provincial liberal party to be elected in British Columbia, he would oppose group-specific rights for Aboriginal people in British Columbia. Both Trudeau and Campbell argued that it is wrong for Aboriginal people to have group-specific rights by appeal to the idea that such collective rights are discriminatory because they assign opportunities to individuals on the basis of culture or race. Political elites are not alone in thinking that collective rights override individual rights. In fact, it has become a national motif that Section 15 (1) of the Canadian Charter, which makes it illegal to discriminate on the grounds that citizens are to be guaranteed equal protection of the law, is incompatible with group-specific rights for Aboriginal people.
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Nakar, Amir, Aikaterini Pistiki, Oleg Ryabchykov, Thomas Bocklitz, Petra Rösch i Jürgen Popp. "Detection of multi-resistant clinical strains of E. coli with Raman spectroscopy". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, nr 4 (4.01.2022): 1481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03800-y.
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AbstractIn recent years, we have seen a steady rise in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This creates many challenges in treating patients who carry these infections, as well as stopping and preventing outbreaks. Identifying these resistant bacteria is critical for treatment decisions and epidemiological studies. However, current methods for identification of resistance either require long cultivation steps or expensive reagents. Raman spectroscopy has been shown in the past to enable the rapid identification of bacterial strains from single cells and cultures. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied for the differentiation of resistant and sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. Our focus was on clinical multi-resistant (extended-spectrum β-lactam and carbapenem-resistant) bacteria from hospital patients. The spectra were collected using both UV resonance Raman spectroscopy in bulk and single-cell Raman microspectroscopy, without exposure to antibiotics. We found resistant strains have a higher nucleic acid/protein ratio, and used the spectra to train a machine learning model that differentiates resistant and sensitive strains. In addition, we applied a majority of voting system to both improve the accuracy of our models and make them more applicable for a clinical setting. This method could allow rapid and accurate identification of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and thus improve public health. Graphical abstract
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Frey, Bruno S., i Iris Bohnet. "Switzerland—a paradigm for Europe?" European Review 3, nr 4 (październik 1995): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001605.
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Learning from the Swiss experience, this article argues that federalism and direct democracy are effective mechanisms for dealing with the diversity of interests, languages, cultures and religions in Europe. These institutions only partly harmonize economic, social and cultural politics. By far more important is that federalism and referenda foster competition between the various interests, but do so within a well-defined basic constitutional design so that competition produces beneficial effects. Federalism is not an alternative to referenda but rather a prerequisite for the effective working of a direct democracy. In small communities, the information cost of voters deciding on issues or judging representatives' performance are much lower than in a large jurisdiction. The more fiscal equivalence is guaranteed, the better the benefits of publicly supplied goods can be acknowledged and the corresponding costs be attributed to the relevant political programmes or actors. Thus, while federalism provides for cheaper information, referenda enable citizens to use this knowledge effectively in the political process. The interdependence of federalism and referenda also works the other way around: referenda improve the working of federalism. Besides the possibility of voting with their feet, citizens may also vote directly. This represents a double incentive for politicians to take their citizens' preferences into account; otherwise, they may lose their tax base to another jurisdiction or may be forced by referenda and initiatives to meet the demands of the voters.
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عباس فضلي, أ. م. د. نادية فاضل. "Community composition of India and its impact on national unity". مجلة العلوم السياسية, nr 52 (13.03.2019): 149–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i52.69.
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India is today the largest democratic state in the Third World and has been able to maintain its national unity in the near future. The history of Indian civilization is more than 5,000 years old. It has achieved its heritage, culture, philosophy, traditions, national unity and unity and has taken its place among nations seeking progress and progress. Which are still visible to the present day, because of their history of civilization and achievements, and the fusion of cultures of invading peoples over the centuries with the culture of diverse Indian society, but despite being a secular state, Has put into place through its governments various forms of exclusion and marginalization towards the people of India, especially Muslims, and this has affected the performance of the State and credibility since independence in 1947 and to this day, but this does not mean that it is a country that does not have the elements of national unity and practices of democratic action so far at least, Democratic, in terms of elections and voting in the Indian states is still in place, but the social, religious and class divisions overlap to produce conflicts that surfaced from time to time, threatening to be dismantled if political leaders do not come to improve the measure So that the extent of conflicts in India to the extent of the outbreak of war in various denominations sectarian, religious, social and economic.
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Kashiem, Prof Dr Mustafa Abdalla. "The Libyans Attitudes towards Democratic Transition". مجلة جامعة صبراتة العلمية 3, nr 1 (30.06.2019): 25–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujhs.v3i1.116.
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Libya has witnessed a democratic transition process since the early months of 17th February Revolution, 2011.However, aftereight years, there is still a gap in the literature about this topic. Thus, this study aims to fulfil a part of this gap by describing and analyzing the Libyan attitudes towards the democratic the transition process in Libya post Kaddafi era during the years, 2012-2014. Currently, the Libyans view themselves as participants in the democratic process that Libya is enjoying since August 2011, when the declaration of the liberating of Libyan was announced by the President ofthe Interim Transitional National Council “ITNC” in Benghazi. The findings of this study demonstrate that the Libyans are no longer view themselves as belonging to parochial or subjective political cultures; and therefore, the rate of registration on the 7thof July 2012 election reached 93%, whereas the ratio of the actual voting reached 65% of the total eligible voters. The negative attitudes towards Kaddafi’s regime have changed into positive patterns after the victory of 7thFebruary Revolution. These positive attitudes towards participation culture are spilled over towards the new political system as well as its internal and external policies. Nevertheless, negative attitudes towards issues that threat the national identity have been reported as the majority of the participants rejected federalism as a political system for the new Libya. The findings also indicate that issues related to Amazigh language, liberal democracy and forgiveness with Kaddafi’s supporters before the interim- justice takes place were also rejected by a large portion of the sample.
Keywords: ITNC, NPC, the Interim Constitutional Declaration, system attitudes, process attitudes, policy attitudes.
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Nasution, Hasyimsyah, Syukur Kholil i Muhammad Idris. "The Political Communication Strategy of the Presidential Campaign Team Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin to Win the Support of the Ummah Islam in the 2019 Election in North Sumatra". Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, nr 4 (27.10.2020): 2926–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i4.1313.
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This study aims to analyze the communication patterns of President Jokowi-Ma'ruf's campaign team in the 2019 elections in North Sumatra, the communication management of the campaign team, the response of the voters, and the results achieved by the campaign team. The data sources consisted of primary data, namely from the North Sumatra regional campaign team and secondary data from various books, documents, journals, articles, websites and others related to this research. The main informants were the campaign team which was determined purposively in accordance with the research objectives. Besides that, the community also distributed questionnaires to the voters for the Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin presidential candidate in several cities and districts, namely Medan, Tebing Tinggi, Simalungun, and Tapanuli Tengah as a form of representation from the regions in North Sumatra because of the diversity of ethnicities, cultures, and religion. The results of the study indicate that the communication pattern of President Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin's regional campaign team in North Sumatra is carried out in broad lines through two forms, namely direct communication with the community and indirect communication or by using mass media. The delivery of infrastructure development work programs to the campaign masses received a response from the voting public. Campaigns through the approach and involvement of religious leaders can also attract sympathy from the voters. The voters for the Jokowi-Ma'ruf presidential candidate in North Sumatra generally answer because of the figure of the presidential candidate. Meanwhile, the position of Kiyai Haji Ma'ruf Amin as a vice presidential candidate is a factor that can influence or increase the electability of Muslims in determining the victory of a presidential candidate.
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Fast, Richard. "New Perspectives on May’s Theorem and the Median Voter Theorem". Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 6, nr 1 (2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.6(1).40-45.2022.
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The paper defines and analyzes May’s Theorem and the Median Voter Theorem from the Public Policy and Public Choice literature and seeks to compare and contrast the use of both. Through the use of theoretical and applied examples, the paper demonstrates how collective decision-making research has evolved to better inform public policy. Building on Black’s (1948) notion that it is the voter in the ideological middle that decides elections, Holcombe (1980) provides an empirical analysis of this theory, Scervini (2012) attempts to show that the middle class (median) voter decides taxation and redistribution policy, Rowley (1984) takes a New Institutional approach to analyzing voters’ preferences, Groot and van der Linde (2016) conducts a cross-country analysis to see if the Median Voter Theorem holds true across time and cultures, Carrillo and Castanheira (2008) show that voters change their behavior from the preference of the median voter as the press reveals new information about the quality of candidates which alters voters’ perceptions, and Congleton (2003) asserts there may not always be a median voter with examples. Building on May’s Theorem that voting is an aggregation of voters’ preferences, Hotelling (1929), Black (1948), Maskin (1999), Duggan (2015), and Brady and Chambers (2017) expand on social preference theory showing that Arrow (1951) and May (1952)’s work needed to be updated to include verifiable, empirical tests and further refinements. The paper shows how public policy analysis and group decision making theory and application have evolved over the past 75 years and shines some light on areas for future research and analysis. These findings are important because it will help make candidates and policy proposals more palatable to voters in the ideological middle (median voter) who, as the studies show, often determines the winner. The paper will be of interest to anyone involved in public policy and group decision making processes.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, nr 1-2 (1.01.2006): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002492.
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Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, nr 1-2 (1.01.2008): 105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002492.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Maximilian C. Forte; Ruins of Absence, Presence of Caribs: (Post)Colonial Representations of Aboriginality in Trinidad and Tobago (Neil L. Whitehead)Nick Nesbitt; Voicing Memory: History and Subjectivity in French Caribbean Literature (H. Adlai Murdoch)Camilla Stevens; Family and Identity in Contemporary Cuban and Puerto Rican Drama (Lydia Platón)Jonathan Goldberg; Tempest in the Caribbean (Jerry Brotton)Michael Chanan; Cuban Cinema (Tamara L. Falicov)Gemma Tang Nain, Barbara Bailey (eds.); Gender Equality in the Caribbean: Reality or Illusion (A. Lynn Bolles)Ernesto Sagás, Sintia E. Molina (eds.); Dominican Migration: Transnational Perspectives (Rosemary Polanco)Christine M. Du Bois; Images of West Indian Immigrants in Mass Media: The Struggle for a Positive Ethnic Reputation (Dwaine Plaza)Luis Raúl Cámara Fuertes; The Phenomenon of Puerto Rican Voting (Annabelle Conroy)Philip Gould; Barbaric Traffic: Commerce and Antislavery in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (William A. Pettigrew)Laurent Dubois; Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Yvonne Fabella)Sibylle Fischer; Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ashli White)Philip D. Morgan, Sean Hawkins (eds.); Black Experience and the British Empire (James Walvin)Richard Smith; Jamaican Volunteers in the First World War: Race, Masculinity and the Development of National Consciousness (Linden Lewis)Muriel McAvoy; Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba (Richard Sicotte)Ned Sublette; Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo (Pedro Pérez Sarduy)Frances Negrón-Muntaner; Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (Halbert Barton)Gordon Rohlehr; A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (Stephen Stuempfle)Shannon Dudley; Carnival Music in Trinidad: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture (Donald R. Hill)Jean-Marc Terrine; La ronde des derniers maîtres de bèlè (Julian Gerstin)Alexander Alland, Jr.; Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms (Autumn Barrett)Livio Sansone; Blackness Without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil (Autumn Barrett)H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen, W. van Wetering; In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society (George L. Huttar, Mary L. Huttar)In: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (NWIG), 80 (2006), no. 1 & 2
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Achterberg, Peter. "Class Voting in the New Political Culture". International Sociology 21, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580906061378.
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Daněk, Petr. "Does exist a political culture of the Czech borderland?" Geografie 105, nr 1 (2000): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2000105010050.
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The article analyses the differences in voting behaviour of the population in borderland and "inland" of the Czech Republic as spatial units sharply differing in their migration history in the 1940's: the borderland being a target region of a large-scale resettlement following the expulsion of Germans in 1945-46, while the inland was source region of the migrations. The results of the 1992, 1996 and 1998 parliamentary elections were analysed on two hierarchical levels by ANOVA models to test the hypothesis that the borderland and the inland are significantly different from the point of view of voting behaviour of the population. Four out of eight variables describing voting behaviour have distinct values for the borderland and the inland, even after setting apart the impact of differences in the population structure by incorporation of covariates into the model. It suggests that the pre-war ethnic boundary within the Czech Lands is a significant contextual factor standing behind the variability of electoral results still in the 1990's.
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Guest, Avery M., David C. Hodge i Lynn Staeheli. "Industrial affiliation and community culture: voting in Seattle". Political Geography Quarterly 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90035-3.
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Seddik, Sayeh. "VOTING CULTURE, ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH TLEMCEN AREA – HENNAYA - MODE". EPH - International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3, nr 3 (10.08.2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijhss.v3i3.54.
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This work is subscribed in the case of the political anthropology reseach; wich si interested on the study of cultural particularities by fucising on the taboo manifested through three dimensions: social; political and cultural.
It is precisely about the study of the elections plans and their social and cultural impact in instance that has a capital importance as mechanism allowing a certain liberty of expression.
Thus; our thesis brings a bunch of reflection on the input of elections in terms of anthropologiy
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Koroshchenko, Mykola M. "Research on public policy of the customs administration in scientific works". Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, nr 4(162) (2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2023-4-4.
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The article analyzes the public policy, in particular the public policy of the customs administration, in scientific works. Public policy provides for a government plan and guiding strategy for solving a social problem, intervention, service delivery, and public works, as well as the limits of citizens’ responsibility to the state on specific issues. The public policy of the customs administration covers various sectors of national and international engagement. The article suggests taking more active care of the public, which makes it possible to really move from manageability to governance as a model of public administration, which involves citizens in making public decisions that are less hierarchical than in the Weber model, more transparent, and the citizen’s duty is to participate in public debates through exercises of public reasonableness. This requires critical thinking, culture, balance, and constant participation in public affairs and public policy. It is important to perceive participation as a political action and as a right, where the former implies recognizing it as a set of actions aimed at influencing the political process through voting, discussion, debate, even social protest, and the exercise of permanent civil control over the authorities. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of ideas on public policy is hindered by problems that arise due to inaccuracies in determining what ideas are, where they come from, when and how they change, and how to study them. By this time, ideologue scientists have provided us with classifications of different types of ideas (different levels of generality, from specific political programs to comprehensive cultures), as well as different ways of thinking about ideas (from positivist to constructivist approaches, emphasizing ideas as causes or constitutive elements of public policy). The use of this concept in various sub-disciplines resulted in its expansion to cover a range of phenomena and concepts, making it almost impossible to understand what is ideological and what is not. The above definitions are far from an exhaustive list, but they are more than enough to determine some of the main characteristics. In such circumstances, customs administrations as services that carry out and regulate international trade and the movement of goods face increasingly important and complex tasks. At the same time, customs administrations are expected to promote the development of international trade.
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Thomas, Brook. "Voting Rights". J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists 9, nr 2 (2021): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jnc.2021.0025.
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Arvizu, John R., i F. Chris Garcia. "Latino Voting Participation: Explaining and Differentiating Latino Voting Turnout". Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18, nr 2 (maj 1996): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07399863960182002.
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Kuzmin, E. L. "75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE UN: HOPES AND REALITIES". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), nr 12 (14.03.2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.76.12.038-052.
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Examining the history of the UN creation in the first part of the article, the author focuses on an exceptionally significant issue settled in 1945 during the Crimean Conference of the Heads of the Three Great Powers, namely: the order of voting in the UN Security Council. Various appeals to renounce the “veto” of permanent members of the UN Security Council enshrined in the UN Charter have become the main leitmotif of numerous attempts of the United States and their closest allies to revise the UN Charter. Reviewing such proposals, the author notes that populist ideas the essence of which constitutes the call to replace, based on the principles of equality of all States, an international Organization by a supranational structure whose activities would actually be based on the principle of “who has force, has power” have been disseminated in Western political and scientific circles.The author goes on to consider the crucial question: whether the Organization have been able to cope with its main mission: to maintain international peace and security?Listing the outstanding universal documents of our time developed in the bowels of the UN, the author calls the most notable, in his opinion, achievement of the Organization — a real liberation of dozens of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America from colonial oppression. Analyzing the activities of the UN, the author acknowledges that the Organization in many respects is still far from its unifying convergent essence: the US and its NATO allies lead the policy aiming at crashing the system of international relations, based on the central role of the UN in world politics; the US promote a concept that implies the creation of closed alliances to develop and implement measures bypassing the UN. Amid such realities, Russia, seeking to strengthen multilateral principles in international affairs, emphasizes the creation of a self-regulating international system, which requires collective leadership of the leading States that is represented geographically and civilizationally, and exercised with full respect for the central and coordinating role of the United Nations.The article also draws attention to the fact that modern reality identifies more and more intractable problems, which often lead to the “autonomization” of international law: “niches” that are not filled with legal material inevitably give rise to situations where the gaps concerned are governed by particular and special rules based on bilateral or regional foundations, The author sees the empowerment of international law in the approval of principles of intercivilizational communication, the pursuance of synthesis of various legal systems, ideologies, cultures, religions and other spiritual values, which would provide a reliable basis for strengthening the importance and influence of international law.
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Sosnowska, Honorata, Michał Ramsza i Paweł Zawiślak. "Impact of a priori positive information on the results of voting methods". Przegląd Statystyczny 2022, nr 4 (31.05.2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ps.2022.04.3.
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The aim of this paper is to present the results of experiments relating to voting methods based on the bounded rationality theory. The research demonstrated that a positive nudge changes the voting results. The study focused on three methods of voting: the Borda Count method, the Condorcet winner method and the anti-manipulation method. In a laboratory experiment, the subjects were asked to select the best musician. They were to manipulate their voting so that a predetermined winner is chosen. In the first voting, the subjects did not receive any a priori information, while in the second voting, some a priori information was provided, i.e. the true, objective ranking of the musicians. What followed was another voting. It was initially assumed that the participants would manipulate their voting the same way as in the first voting. The results, however, were different. The obtained second ranking of musicians was closest to the true, objective ranking, thus proving that the manipulation effect was neutralised by the a priori positive information about the true, objective order.
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Lane, Shannon, Katharine Hill, Jason Ostrander, Jenna Powers, Tanya Rhodes Smith i Mary E. Hylton. "Creating a Culture of Voting in Direct and Generalist Practice". Advances in Social Work 19, nr 1 (22.01.2020): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22614.
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Social workers have an ethical responsibility to be engaged in policy change, regardless of their practice area or specialization. Voter engagement and the importance of political power through voting is often overlooked in the literature as a valid and important component of social work practice. Creating a culture of nonpartisan voter engagement in practice settings can help empower individuals who have been historically and intentionally disenfranchised from our electoral system. Training for field instructors, faculty, and field staff is a key aspect of voter engagement in social work education. Unfortunately, social work education is unlikely to include substantive content on voter engagement or its connection to social work practice and impact. This article presents one component of a model for integrating voter engagement into social work education: the provision of training for field instructors on nonpartisan voter engagement at two universities over two years. Evaluation findings suggest that pre-existing levels of political efficacy affect the reaction of field instructors to nonpartisan voter engagement training. Furthermore, findings indicate that field instructors who receive voter engagement training are more likely to serve as resources for their students and to consider voter engagement as part of their own practice. We offer evidence on the important role field educators can play in the success of the larger national effort to integrate voter engagement in social work education. Increasing awareness of what social workers, nonprofit, and public agencies are allowed--or even required--to do is a critical first step.
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Heru Permana Putra. "Pengaruh Isu Kampanye terhadap Preferensi Pemilih Milenial pada Pemilu Tahun 2019 di Sumatera Barat". Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik 8, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v8i2.2979.
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This study discusses the influence of campaign issues on the preferences of the Millennial Generation in the 2019 general election. This research aims to develop a verification study, a descriptive study, and an exploration of several theories and concepts of Voting Behavior. Second, the study aims to analyze various factors influencing millennial voter preferences for a political party, legislative candidate, and presidential candidate in the 2019 election. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach with a survey research design. While the survey research design is limited to research in which data is collected from a sample of the population to represent the population. It can be concluded that survey research takes a sample from one population and uses a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. This research belongs to the type of explanatory research, Sig. (2-sided) 0.05, then there is a significant relationship between campaign issues and voting behavior. If the Asymp value. Sig. (2-sided) 0.05, there is no significant relationship between campaign issues and voting behavior. Asymp Value. Sig. (2-sided) 0.000 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between campaign issues and voting behavior. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between campaign issues and voting behavior. It also means that the issues in the campaign correlate with voting behavior.
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Obiakor, Casmir Uchenna, Chinonso C. Adikuru i Blessing Chinenye Agbakaj. "Digital Broadcasting Network and the Emerging Democratic Culture in Nigeria: The 2021 Anambra Guber Debate Experience". International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies 8, nr 3 (15.03.2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijirmmcs.15/vol8n3121.
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Series of election debates made available to the masses through the use of digital broadcast media technologies have been conducted in different places among different candidates running for different elective positions in different countries. As part of the political activities preceding the elections, the impact of these election debate aired through digital broadcasting technology on the voting decision of the citizens have not been examined Nigeria. Against this background, this study evaluated exposure to 2021 gubernatorial election debate and its influence on voting decision and choice of candidate among residents of Awka metropolis. The democratic participant theory was used while the survey research method was adopted in surveying 400 respondents sampled from Awka metropolis. Findings demonstrated that election debate influence voting decision and encourage candidate evaluation among the respondents. It was concluded that election debate is an important election activity that benefits both the electorate and the candidates. It was also found that the use of digital broadcast technology was applauded by the respondents for is capacity in strengthening democracy. It was recommended among others, that election debate should be made compulsory for all candidates running for all elective positions in Nigeria.
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McAllister, Ian, i Toni Makkai. "The decline and rise of class voting? From occupation to culture in Australia". Journal of Sociology 55, nr 3 (29.10.2018): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318805155.
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Conventional wisdom has long held that class is declining as an influence on voting. More recently, new conceptions of class, focusing on the ownership of economic assets and the possession of social and cultural capital, have challenged this view. This article evaluates these arguments in two ways. First, we examine trends in the impact of traditional measures of class on the vote in Australia from the 1960s to the present day. Second, using a 2015 national survey that measures different aspects of class voting, we assess for the first time the relative effects on the vote of occupation, assets, and social and cultural capital. The results show that while occupation has declined and is now unimportant, the ownership of both assets and cultural capital are major influences on the vote. We argue that the impact of class on the vote has not declined, but rather transformed itself in new and different ways, which has important long-term implications for party support.
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Agushi, Muaz. "The voting rights and political culture in North Macedonia and Albania". Przegląd Europejski, nr 4-2020 (14.12.2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.20.7.
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Political culture is a set of attitudes and practices of people that shape their political behaviour. It includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes a good society while language of politics is the way of using language and words in the political arena. Words are the “currency” of power in elections. Voter turnout is an indicator of the level of interest and civic participation in political decision making, competitive party offerings, and civic trust in political actors. Extensive participation, when it comes to a competitive system, significantly increases the responsibility of political actors for civic demands and concerns. The aim of the article is to analyze the political culture and electoral behaviour in North Macedonia and Albania. The author makes conclusion based on the analysis presented in the article, that the process of applying democracy in these countries would face extraordinary challenges, caused by the lack of democratic traditions, as well as by established values and attitudes unfavorable for the democracy development. Important aspects of the political culture includes mutual respect, contra voting, the constant and productive political dialogue, political and parliamentary collaboration, stable institutions instead of strong leaders, high level of participation in elections, and expanding the political decision-making area. All of these aspects are considered to be a fragile occurrence in all countries of Southeastern Europe and especially in Albania and North Macedonia.
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Stasyuk, Ivan. "“The Careless Ages” of the Votian Land: mastering the space, forming the culture". Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, nr 5 (30.10.2024): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2453148.
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The fertile plain of the Izhora plateau was settled at the turn of the A.D. by the people of the culture of stone burial grounds. It developed in the 1—6/7th centuries A.D. On the plateau's northern and western edges, in the Baltic-Ladoga Glint zone, an initial settlement zone was formed near springs and riverheads. In the 8th and 9th centuries, there is a chronological gap in the functioning of the burial grounds, probably due to the change of burial rites. In 10th—11th centuries, the population returned to traditional burial places, but the funerary rite had changed. Instead of stone graves, we find a horizon with cremations in ground burials. It was probably due to the influence of the ancient Russian culture on the local Baltic-Finnish population. In the 10th century, the Votian Land falls into the cultural and political influence of the Novgorod Principality. At the same time, the geography of settling expands to the east. The change of cremation to inhumation occurs in the middle — second half of the 11th century. It is also seen as the influence of already Christianized Rus’. At the turn of the 11th—12th centuries, Slavic settlers brought the barrow rite in the region. The Finnish population of the plateau, Votians and Ests, borrow it in the 12th—13th centuries and mix with Russian settlers. The Finnish population outside the fertile highland was not assimilated, there were conditions for the formation and development of indigenous culture of the Votians and Izhora until the ethnographic time.
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Jacobs, Fredrika. "Votive Culture and Purposeful Destruction". Source: Notes in the History of Art 36, nr 3/4 (marzec 2017): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693945.
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Morgan, David. "The Practicality of Votive Culture". Material Religion 13, nr 1 (2.01.2017): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17432200.2017.1272741.
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Misak, Cheryl. "A Culture of Justification: The Pragmatist's Epistemic Argument for Democracy". Episteme 5, nr 1 (luty 2008): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1742360008000257.
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ABSTRACTThe pragmatist view of politics is at its very heart epistemic, for it treats morals and politics as a kind of deliberation or inquiry, not terribly unlike other kinds of inquiry. With the exception of Richard Rorty, the pragmatists argue that morals and politics, like science, aim at the truth or at getting things right and that the best method for achieving this aim is a method they sometimes call the scientific method or the method of intelligence – what would now be termed deliberative democracy. Hence, the pragmatists offer an argument for democracy which appeals to the quality of the decisions supplied by democratic procedure. Why should we value decisions that are the products of voting after open debate over private decision-making and then voting, over bargaining, or over elimination of those who disagree with us? We should value them because the deliberative democratic method is more likely to give us true or right or justified answers to our questions. Rorty, of course, thinks that no inquiry aims at the truth and that nothing about pragmatism speaks in democracy's favor. This paper will show how his brand of pragmatism betrays what is good and deeply interesting in the pragmatist tradition.
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Pinto, Surama Conde Sá. "Algumas considerações sobre a relação eleições, voto e democracia". Revista Brasileira de História 42, nr 90 (maj 2022): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93472022v42n90-03.
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RESUMO Os temas eleições e democracia estão na ordem do dia. A proposta deste artigo é contribuir para esse debate, a partir do olhar do historiador, refletindo sobre a seguinte questão: quando as eleições e o voto desafiam a democracia? Ao analisarmos os instrumentos políticos que levam à representação, tendo por objetivo a construção de um entendimento sobre os desafios da democracia brasileira, sustentamos que as eleições e o voto desafiam a democracia quando o grau de adesão do eleitor ao regime democrático sofre flutuações e os valores de uma cultura política democrática não são observáveis, e quando a credibilidade das instituições é baixa e os partidos políticos são frágeis.
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Smith, Joshua j. "Reading against Reform: The Bristol Library Society and the Intellectual Culture of Bristol's Elections in 1812*". Parliamentary History 43, nr 1 (luty 2024): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12725.
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AbstractThis article pioneers a new methodological approach to the study of electoral politics by combining an analysis of the politics of reading, library association and the reading habits of electors in an English urban constituency in the early 19th century. By integrating an examination of reading practices and intellectual context into our analysis of electoral contests, political history scholars can go further in their examination of the unreformed electoral system and attempt to gauge the motivations behind voting habits and partisan identification in this period. Using electoral voting data and the records of an urban subscription library, this article explores the interrelation between the Bristol Library Society and Bristol's electoral politics, as well as conducting an analysis of which books were being borrowed and read by electors in a politically tumultuous year. Although few in number compared with the total size of Bristol's electorate, Bristol Library members were among some of the most politically and culturally influential individuals in Bristol society and were active participants in electoral contests in the city, either as candidates, campaigners, civic officials or voters. An analysis of their voting habits reveals that the library's membership reflected the Tory political hegemony that became pronounced in the city's civic politics. Moreover, an analysis of their reading habits in 1812 reveals an interest in political texts that were conservative and anti‐Gallic in tone, that were representative of the political climate in Bristol in 1812, and which contributed to the defeat of candidates for reform in its electoral contests.
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Sapio, Valentina. "Votive Altars: Domestic Signals to Inhabit the Sacred". Academic Research Community publication 3, nr 4 (27.05.2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i4.540.
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«“Sacred” is an Indo-European word meaning ”separate”. The Sacred, therefore, [. . . is] a quality that is inherent in that which has relation and contact with powers that man, not being able to dominate, perceives as superior to himself, and as such attributable to a dimension [. . . ] thought however as ”separate” and ”other” with respect to the human world » Galimberti, (2000). The so-called votive altar, autonomous or attached to a major building often present in the Mediterranean countries, belong to the dimension of the Sacred.Votive altars - present in an old neighborhood of peasant origin in the suburbs of Naples called Ponticelli - are almost always placed in the interstices between street and courtyard (a self-built residential typology modeled over time by the inhabitants and which often forms the matrix of many neighborhoods popular Neapolitan). They keep and exhibit little sculptures and drawings of Jesus, Madonnas, and Saints of the Catholic religion, mixed with ancestors portraits and photos of relatives dead of the inhabitants, drawing on the ancient domestic cult of the Romans of Lari and Penati; it is certainly not a consciously cultured reference, but a mysterious ”feeling” that is common among primitive and popular cultures and that unravels through the centuries unscathed. Placed at the entrance of the living space, the altar expresses the sign of a difference, of a territorial change, separates ”ours” from ”yours”, welcomes, does not reject, but marks an open and inclusive threshold.With the paper, we want to study this phenomenon of ”primitive” culture and not regulated by laws, a mix of diffuse sacredness and popular magic, deepening the ”design” aspects of it, building an abacus in which to highlight potential and free references to the visual arts of these ”design works without designers”, and finding out new signs of the Sacred in the City in our time.
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Gambardella, Claudio, i Valentina Sapio. "Votive altars: domestic signals to inhabit the Sacred". Resourceedings 2, nr 3 (12.11.2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i3.622.
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“Sacred” is an Indo-European word meaning “separate”. The Sacred, therefore, [. . . is] a quality that is inherent in that which has relation and contact with powers that man, not being able to dominate, perceives as superior to himself, and as such attributable to a dimension [. . . ] thought however as ”separate” and ”other” with respect to the human world » Galimberti, (2000). The so-called votive altar, autonomous or attached to a major building often present in the Mediterranean countries, belong to the dimension of the Sacred.Votive altars - present in an old neighborhood of peasant origin in the suburbs of Naples called Ponticelli - are almost always placed in the interstices between street and courtyard (a self-built residential typology modeled over time by the inhabitants and which often forms the matrix of many neighborhoods popular Neapolitan). They keep and exhibit little sculptures and drawings of Jesus, Madonnas, and Saints of the Catholic religion, mixed with ancestors portraits and photos of relatives dead of the inhabitants, drawing on the ancient domestic cult of the Romans of Lari and Penati; it is certainly not a consciously cultured reference, but a mysterious ”feeling” that is common among primitive and popular cultures and that unravels through the centuries unscathed. Placed at the entrance of the living space, the altar expresses the sign of a difference, of a territorial change, separates ”ours” from ”yours”, welcomes, does not reject, but marks an open and inclusive threshold.With the paper, we want to study this phenomenon of ”primitive” culture and not regulated by laws, a mix of diffuse sacredness and popular magic, deepening the ”design” aspects of it, building an abacus in which to highlight potential and free references to the visual arts of these ”design works without designers”, and finding out new signs of the Sacred in the City in our time.
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Erikson, Robert S., John P. McIver i Gerald C. Wright. "State Political Culture and Public Opinion". American Political Science Review 81, nr 3 (wrzesień 1987): 797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962677.
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Do the states of the United States matter (or are they of no political consequence)? Using a data set with over 50 thousand respondents, we demonstrate the influence of state political culture on partisanship and ideology. For individuals, we find that the state of residence is an important predictor of partisan and ideological identification, independent of their demographic characteristics. At the aggregate level, state culture dominates state demography as a source of state-to-state differences in opinion. In general, geographic location may be a more important source of opinion than previously thought. One indication of the importance of state culture is that state effects on partisanship and ideology account for about half of the variance in state voting in recent presidential elections.
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Patton, David F. "Protest Voting in Eastern Germany". German Politics and Society 37, nr 3 (1.09.2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370306.
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In 1989-1990, peaceful protests shook the German Democratic Republic (GDR), ushered in unification, and provided a powerful narrative of people power that would shape protest movements for decades to come. This article surveys eastern German protest across three decades, exploring the interplay of protest voting, demonstrations, and protest parties since the Wende. It finds that protest voting in the east has had a significant political impact, benefiting and shaping parties on both the left and the right of the party spectrum. To understand this potential, it examines how economic and political factors, although changing, have continued to provide favorable conditions for political protest in the east. At particular junctures, waves of protest occurred in each of the three decades after unification, shaping the party landscape in Germany.