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Ledun, Marin. "L'introduction des techniques d'information et de communication dans la sphère politique : discours et dispositifs de construction de l'expérience politique du sujet". Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39053.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrsi, Livio. "Le droit constitutionnel à la libre communication numérique : (Vers un renouveau constitutionnel en faveur de la constitutionnalisation des droits du numérique)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0131.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternet and digital communication have modernized and amplified many practices related to the democracy. The constitutional right of freedom of expression and communication of thoughts and opinions has several democratic and fundamental roles in society. The right to Internet access can be described as a fundamental and functional right in order to be able to exercise other fundamental rights. Digital technology makes it possible to strengthen the legitimacy of representative and participative democracy. However, it is necessary to be able to reconcile it in the best way with the requirement of fighting offenses on the Internet. Technological developments have changed state activities. In the digital age, there is a lack of constitutional provisions that protect fundamental rights and freedoms against state surveillance activities. One of the interests of the constitutionalization of the digital rights principles is to give the Constitutional Council the tools to control the constitutionality of the new laws, especially with the renewal of textual standards of constitutional reference necessary to monitor the constitutional compliance of laws of the 21st century and to improve the codification of a lot of new digital rights
Rigaudeau, Serge. "Réalisation d'une chaîne de transmission numérique par voie ionosphérique". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10172.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuane, Amadou. "Simulation du phénomène TRIP par une voie phénoménologique et numérique". Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Ouane.Amadou.SMZ0005.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Guennec Yannis. "Conversion de fréquences porteuses de signaux numériques par voie optique". Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Ye. "Ecoulement dans une pompe à vide turbomoléculaire : modélisation et analyse par voie numérique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is devoted to the modeling and the numerical analysis of the flow in a turbomolecular vacuum pump of hybrid type, that is combining a succession of rotor and stator stages with an Holweck. A 3D Test Particle Monte Carlo approach has been developed for simulating industrial pump configurations (complex blade geometries, management of rotor and stator stages), with attention paid to the optimization of the computational cost. The numerical tool developed in the thesis has been validated for academic and industrial test cases, relying in particular on reference experimental results obtained on the test rig of the aVP company. The prediction improvement brought by the TPMC 3D approach with respect to the design tools available at the start of the thesis has been clearly demonstrated for the free molecular flow regime. Some design recommendations have also been formulated using the developed solver. The potential of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach, taking into account the interactions between gas molecules, has also been established in 2D for the transition regime
Bocquet, Pascal. "Etude numérique et expérimentale d'un réacteur de dépôt sur fibre par voie PVD". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112324.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the study of a triode cathodic tubular sputtering device with a magnetic confinement. This facility, designed by the ONERA, is used for the online production of titanium alloy coat on silicon carbide (SiC) fibres for the industrial manufacture of metal matrix composites (MMC). The work reported in this thesis is based on the study of the argon plasma used in the reactor. It aims at answering the two following questions: how this production tool is working? and what is about its limitations? Concurrently with the experimental studies, we developed and used a particles simulation code (MCC-PIC) of the coating chamber. It gives access to some plasma parameters hardly measurable because of the tubular geometry of the device. The comparison between the coatings produced with static and running fibres, the spectroscopy measurements and the numerical results allow us to understand the major part of the physical phenomena observed in the discharge. .
Robert, Yanick. "Modélisation numérique de l'effet du niveau d'eau sur le comportement dynamique du barrage-voûte d'Émosson". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1177.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchillings, Jonathan. "Etude numérique et expérimentale d’écoulements diphasiques : application aux écoulements à bulles générées par voie électrochimique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe wall production of gas bubbles and its impact on the liquid dynamics in a vertical channel is studied by means of numerical simulations and experimentation. First, a 2D stationary mixture model is used to describe the averaged plumes evolutions. Through this approach, a boundary layer model has been developed and identified dimensionless numbers (Raleigh-like and Prandtl-like) characteristic of bubbly flows. Secondly, a 3D non-stationary four-way coupled (with bubblesliquid and bubblesbubbles interactions) Eulerian-Lagrangian model is solved by Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and allows a finer description of the two-phase flows at bubble-scale. Finally, the numerical methods are completed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements during hydrogen and oxygen production by alkaline electrolysis.The two-phase flow models are in good agreement with experimental results from literature. There are still some disparities between the homogeneous model and the DNS about the void fraction calculation under certain conditions, though. In the meantime, both EIS measurements and simulations were clearly affected by bubbles plume evolutions, the impedance spectra highlighted a low frequency contribution highly sensible to the nature of the dispersed phase (bubble size a dispersion laws). The 3 approaches (homogeneous model, DNS and EIS) used collectively are strongly complementary. They allow not only a better comprehension of the physics of the two-phase flow, but also serve the analysis of existing models while leading the way for further improvements
Boudrioua, Nassima. "Etude et optimisation d'une chaîne de transmission numérique par voie optique : vers une compensation électronique des effets de la PMD". Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ024S/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of optical fibre transmissions accelerated these last years. The need to transmit high bit rates (today equal to or higher than 40 Gb/s) over increasingly large lengths of transmission is constantly growing. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of propagation to defects increases with the bit rate. These effects are related to chromatic dispersion CD, polarization mode dispersion PMD, or to nonlinear effects primarily induced by the effect Kerr (dependence of the index of refraction of fibre of the light intensity). In this context, this work focuses on the study of the effects of CD and the PMD on the optical transmissions. Moreover, the PMD is identified today as the principal source of limitation in high bit rate transmissions. In addition to that, birefringence in optical fibres represents the principal cause of PMD. In this work, we particularly focused on the study of the effects of the temperature on the PMD in monomode standards fibres (SMF) corresponding to specification ITU-G.652 used in the optical networks. By taking into account of the ellipticity of the fibre, the variation of the PMD according to the temperature is studied through the evolution of birefringence according to the parameter V of fibre for various temperatures. This work of thesis opens the way to develop an architecture making it possible to compensate for the PMD by digital signal processing. The main idea is to replace an expensive technology (optical components) by a numerical architecture at low cost, and more universal. The works in progress on the compensation of the PMD by electronic way are encouraging and seem very promising at short-term
Amri, Yousr. "Le droit d'auteur en faveur des pays en développement et son devenir à l'ère du numérique". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05DA01.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe young newly independent countries are aware of the role of education in their developing process, thus they wanted to consolidate their educational system. But, their weak economic and pedagogical means couldn't meet their needs for imported educational equipment. Considering these difficulteries, the Brazzaville African Conference (1963) recommended the introduction of preferential measures for developing countries in the international Conventions on copyright. That was achieved in 1979 by revising both the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention intended to soften the conditions of translation and reprodution of foreign imported works. But the advent of the digital era relaunches the question of applicability of the advantages granted to developing countries in this new context. An outline of solutions has been considered in the present thesis
Harfouche, Antoine H. "Fracture liée aux e-services publics dans les pays en voie de développement, exemple du Liban". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090087.
Pełny tekst źródłaHounyevou, klotoe Mawudo Eirel Cédric. "Modélisation de l'influence des techniques de présoutènement sur les tassements provoqués lors du creusement des tunnels peu profonds". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1107/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the use of pre-reinforcements to reduce the settlements, namely the reinforcement of the tunnel face by bolts, or the installation of a pipe-roof umbrella placed above the face. It seeks to provide tools to evaluate the influence of the construction techniques on the settlements by means of finite element simulations. A special attention is paid to the consequences of the choices of simulation on the numerical results obtained.Chapter 1 presents a comparison between different approaches of simulation for the excavation of a shallow tunnel in plane strain. The results show that the alternative approaches do not give better results, in terms of width of the predicted settlement trough, than the classical approach based on excavation forces. On the other hand, the implementation of the pre-reinforcements imposes to carry out three-dimensional simulations. In this context, ones discusses, in chapter 2, the influence of the geometry of the tunnel face of a tunnel on his stability: we compare the case of a vertical tunnel face and with an inclined or curved tunnel face.Chapter 3 focuses on the techniques that can be used to take into account in the numerical simulations the reinforcement of the tunnel face by bolting. We have compared different approaches, and showed that models that take into account in more detail the soil-bolt interaction give better results for the simulation of centrifuge tests.In Chapter 4, we discuss the influence of the bolts on the settlements. We have discussed the utility of taking into account in the simulation some aspect of the construction process, such as the renewal of the bolts. Also, we have discussed the influence of the distance between the tunnel face and the invert.Chapter 5 studies the influence of the pipe umbrella on the settlements. We have established a model that takes into account the conical geometry of the pipe umbrella and the lining, and the cycle of renewal of the pipes. In the last place, we have proposed an original modelling of the technique of aiming at reducing the settlements by means of injections carried out from the pipes, called “active pre-reinforcement”.The results provide some elements for the design of the pre-reinforcement elements, and show for example that there exists a threshold value above which it is not useful to increase the number of bolts or of pipes. On the other hand, they show that some choices of simulation have little influence on the computed settlements, which justifies some assumptions that can be useful to reduce the complexity of three dimensional numerical models.The thesis has been funded by the project FUI Newtun (under the coordination of Solétanche-Bachy)
Khadraoui, Wahid. "Société de l'information: genèse, enjeux et défis de la gouvernance mondiale". Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020050.
Pełny tekst źródłaSato, Akira. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'enrobage en voie sèche dans un mélangeur à fort taux de cisaillement". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783880.
Pełny tekst źródłaSato, Akira. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l’enrobage en voie sèche dans un mélangeur à fort taux de cisaillement". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0658/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaInvestigations of the effect of the operating conditions on the dry coating and the motion of particles in a high shear mixer by the DEM simulation have been done. Big Suglets® and small Magnesium Stearate materials have been chosen for the dry coating process. The treatment has been carried out in a Cyclomix, a high shear mixer, at different mixing time, rotational speeds, filling ratio of the samples and particle size ratio to observe the effect of the operating conditions on the dry coating. A conversion ratio has been introduced to quantify the degree of coating and measured. The flowability has been improved when increasing the operation time in the mixer. Higher speeds of rotation can improve the flowability more rapidly. However, the flowability doesn’t seem to be sensitive to the filling ratio. The curves of conversion ratio versus time exhibit the same kind of variations for different operating conditions. It is possible to approximate this tendency by an exponential function in which a characteristic parameter “coating rate constant” is introduced, linked to the efficiency of the dry coating process, since the conversion ratio shows a linear relation with a flowability index and the wettability angle. Simulation of the particle motion in the mixer has been carried out by a Discrete Element Method: different parameters characterizing the location, the velocities, and the attachment of the particles have been derived. The velocity fields of the real and simulated particle motions, compared by Particle Image Velocity (PIV), are quite similar, validating the DEM method and allowing the prediction of the coating process
Hammoud, Mohammad. "Modélisation et simulation numérique du couplage entre les milieux discrets et continus". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469475.
Pełny tekst źródłaBathahi, Madiha. "Le fossé numérique entre le nord et le sud : le cas du Maroc". Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083262.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe digital divide is a topic that has been much discussed during the last decade. New technologies that convey the principles of a permanent change affects all key sectors of human development in our societies, and put the people and states to a set of challenges, not always easy to overcome. We note that these technological advances have contributed to the prosperity of developed countries (North). In the same context, developing countries (South), trying to overcome their deficit in these technologies but do not always cut a passage to this new company called "knowledge society". Our work is, in this perspective, the unequal nature affecting this complex and ambiguous relationship between North and South. This experience is illustrated through the case of the Maghreb countries and the Nordic countries. This work describes the main obstacles and the reasons why these obstacles were not removed. Then we discuss the stages of this integration in the education sector more precisely. Finally, we will try to discover, through questionnaires, the achievement of the objectives expressed by the governments of the Maghreb countries and try to locate at the same time, the gap between reality and speeches
Liu, Xuemei. "Conception en voie sèche de catalyseurs propres Co/Al2O3 pour la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch et modélisation numérique DEM". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns the application of a novel preparation technology for Co/Al2O3 clean catalysts applied in Fischer Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The catalysts were prepared using a dry coating process in a high shear mixer “Picomix”. The operating conditions, alumina supports, cobalt crystallite size and cobalt loading content were optimized to increase the catalytic activity of Co/Al2O3 catalysts. Besides, DEM modeling was performed to describe the behavior or powders in the mixer. Experimental results showed a very good adhesion of the nano Co3O4 particles on the surface of Al2O3 particles after processed in the mixer under a high rotational speed and a short time. The heat-treated Al2O3γ particles presented enhanced mechanical strength of catalysts, however, exhibited relatively low catalytic activity. The Co3O4 crystallite size decreased from 64 nm to 11 nm after milling in planetary ball mill under 600 rpm for 40 h. Finally, the optimal catalyst was prepared by mixing milled-Co3O4 and Al2O3γ particles in “Picomix” under 5000 rpm for 5 min with 5 wt.% of Co. The obtained catalyst presented high CO conversion (37 %), high C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity (75 %) and low CH4 selectivity (13 %) in FT synthesis reaction at 250 oC. The DEM mumerical modeling revealed that the parameters related to operating condition, device geometry, and particle intrinsic properties had an impact on particle behavior and coating quality of materials
Tirand, Guillaume. "Etude des conditions de soudage laser d'alliages à base aluminium par voie expérimentale et à l'aide d'une simulation numérique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14482/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of laser welding in various branches of industry particularly in the aeronautics during the last decade, required many studies still insufficient in number to understand and control the conditions of laser welding concerning laser / material interaction,as well as thermal transfers or metallurgical aspects. The approach followed in this study consists (1) to bring to light experimentally the problem of laser welding of aluminium based alloy, that is the coupling of the effects between the various welding parameters, (2) to describe the thermal history of an operation of laser welding from a modelling and from a numerical simulation and (3) to exploit the knowledge of the thermal evolution of an assembly all along welding operation to optimize the mechanical performance of the assembly in term of static resistance, resistance to hot cracking, fatigue and corrosion resistance. The deficit of performance for example in term of tensile resistance is mainly related to too low speeds of cooling during welding compared with quenching. It justifies the efficiency of a post welding solution heat treatment before a precipitation hardening treatment
Xiong, Shuyao. "Nouveau procédé de mise en forme de matériaux composites et modélisation numérique pour les applications par voie solaire thermique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaSolar energy, a sustainable and non-polluting alternative to fossil fuels, gains momentum with enhanced materialproperties. This study proposes a novel approach for composite solar receiver materials, integrating an absorptionlayer and a thermal conductive substrate. Various powders, including AlN, α-SiC, Cu, stainless steel, CaO (micron,submicron, and nano-scale), β-SiC, γ-Al2O3, and carbon black, were explored. Innovative solvent-free processes andheat-treatment-free techniques were introduced for powder mixing and coating. Pellets, produced by spark plasmasintering, include AlN with CaO additives, α-SiC with CaO and Al2O3 additives, Cu with β-SiC, and stainless steel. Solarabsorber material deposition utilized carbon black. The self-constructed solar simulator assessed energy absorptionand heat transfer efficiency. Finite element method simulated radiative and conductive heat transfer in compositeporous pellets. Geometric shapes aligned with pellet structures for accurate comparisons. The Picomix provedsuperior to traditional ball milling for preparing mixed powders, offering a solvent-free and eco-friendly approach.Achieving a thermal conductivity of 135.3 W/m∙K, the AlN pellet with 3 wt% nano CaO at 5000 rpm rotational speedexceled. Dry-coating β-SiC by Picomix effectively reduced Cu oxidation while maintaining high thermal conductivity,presenting a promising anti-oxidation treatment. Adding 9 wt% Al2O3 and CaO to α-SiC elevated its pellet thermalconductivity to 114 W/m∙K. Under the solar simulator's high radiative heat flux, AlN-additive with carbon layercomposites and α-SiC-additive pellets exhibited enhanced solar energy absorption and heat transfer. Modeling resultsunderscored the combined influence of thickness, porosity, and thermal conductivity on porous pellet heat transfer.For pellets with thickness below 50 mm, porosity less than 0.3, and thermal conductivity surpassing 100 W/m∙K, heattransfer efficiency remained comparable. The solar absorption layer's thickness significantly impacted compositeporous pellet heat transfer rate. Solar absorber material’s thermal conductivity minimally affected solar energyabsorption and heat transfer efficiency beyond 50 W/m∙K. Diverse geometric model configurations yieldedcomparable simulation outcomes
Guerin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529384.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeneses, Jaime. "Système optique pour la mesure des déformations de la voûte plantaire sous charge statique". Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2061.
Pełny tekst źródłaDifferent techniques of measurement has been developed in biometrology in order to validate mechanical models of foot. The most important disadvantages of this techniques are theirs characteristic invasif and the lot of information needed. Recently, the functional exploration group of C. H. U. Besançon have proposed a 3D model that takes account of nonlinear and viscoelastic behaviour of foot. The purpose of this work is to design and develop of a profilometry system based on fringe projection, for the measurement of arch foot deformation under conditions of static load. The major constraint imposed to system is their resolution that must be lower than 100 µm within the observation field of 300 x 120 x 40 mm. The first part of this work shows that the telecentric approximation is the main source of error. The second part is dedicated to the realization of this system and their characterization. The resolution obtained is 44 µm within the observation field, for 50 gray scale of fringe contrast over 256 possible. This resolution was been obtained with: a projection from a LCD projector, a multi sensor acquisition, the correction of geometric aberrations, the correction of deformations which are due to the nontelecentric observation and projection, and the use of calibration curves. The last part describe the application of system to measure the deformation of normal foot under static load. We have measured in this way a deformation of 0. 5 mm for the height of the arch foot at 5 kg of load applied over the patient's knee. Subsequently, we have demonstrated the viscoelastic behaviour of foot measuring the hysteresis cycles for loads between 5 to 45 kg
Boudrioua, Nassima. "Etude et optimisation d'une chaîne de transmission numérique par voie optique : vers une compensation électronique des effets de la PMD". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ024S.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of optical fibre transmissions accelerated these last years. The need to transmit high bit rates (today equal to or higher than 40 Gb/s) over increasingly large lengths of transmission is constantly growing. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of propagation to defects increases with the bit rate. These effects are related to chromatic dispersion CD, polarization mode dispersion PMD, or to nonlinear effects primarily induced by the effect Kerr (dependence of the index of refraction of fibre of the light intensity). In this context, this work focuses on the study of the effects of CD and the PMD on the optical transmissions. Moreover, the PMD is identified today as the principal source of limitation in high bit rate transmissions. In addition to that, birefringence in optical fibres represents the principal cause of PMD. In this work, we particularly focused on the study of the effects of the temperature on the PMD in monomode standards fibres (SMF) corresponding to specification ITU-G.652 used in the optical networks. By taking into account of the ellipticity of the fibre, the variation of the PMD according to the temperature is studied through the evolution of birefringence according to the parameter V of fibre for various temperatures. This work of thesis opens the way to develop an architecture making it possible to compensate for the PMD by digital signal processing. The main idea is to replace an expensive technology (optical components) by a numerical architecture at low cost, and more universal. The works in progress on the compensation of the PMD by electronic way are encouraging and seem very promising at short-term
Karkar, Manaf. "Personnalisation morpho-mécanique de la voûte crânienne humaine à différentes vitesses de sollicitations". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday, the digital models are usually used in the world of research, but also in industry, health, finance, etc.… The quality of the results will always be connected to the accuracy with which the engineer is able of formalizing the physical phenomena. More specifically in the biomechanical modelling, working with a high number of parameters, making very complicated the standardization of the models. This thesis has an approach of improvement in the quality of the digital models of the human skull through several studies having for aim the analysis of the morphological parameters of the skull and their use for the personalization of a morpho-mechanical model.The method of scan by micro-tomography was used to scan more than 360 samples taken from 10 skulls, and then mechanical tests of compression in quasi-statics and dynamics were led on a part of these samples. The results we obtained allowed us to develop a card of evolution of a number of morphological parameters of the skull based on a polynomial model. A statistical comparative study allowed to highlight the existing links between the morphology and the mechanical behaviour of these samples. Finally, the connection of these two studies allowed to propose a customizable morpho-mechanical model, and to validate it for various finite elements simulations on bones samples and on complete human skull
Konate, Mamourou Sidiki. "Le rôle de l'économie numérique dans la financiarisation et l'intégration optimale du secteur informel, dans un contexte de développement économique". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDigital technologies continue to to impact the optimal allocation of resources. This thesis analyzes its contributions, especially those contiguous to m-payment, in de-veloping economies. It is particularly interested in the properties of this device in terms of financial inclusion and regulation of the informal sector in the context of economic development. This thesis uses various methods: descriptive, theoretical and statistical. The first chapter analyzed new considerations in the regulation of the informal sector. The second chapter examined the contribution of mobile money to mitigating the shortcomings of traditional microfinance. The third chap-ter has built a model that analyzes different options for controlling the size of the informal sector. The fourth chapter studied in general the strategic development of an innovation and in particular the positive inputs to the implementation of the international interoperability of m-payment devices in an economic region. Our results indicate that regulation of the informal sector should shift the cre-ation of compatible and indirect incentives; mobile money mitigates some of the shortcomings of traditional microfinance; m-payment associated with new forms of microcredit increases both the size of the formal sector and welfare; m-payment sector in the region considered is mature enough to be fully interconnected. Given the importance of financialization and the integration of the informal sector into economic development, our analyzes have implications for international, public and private organizations
Badinier, Thibault. "Modélisations stationnaires des voies ferrées : comportement et dégradation du ballast". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent development in rail transportation has led traffic increasing during last decade, an increase which should continue in next decade due to the future developments of railway transport. Traffic growing induces infrastructure's solicitation increasing. Railways quality is warrant of rail transport performance, but also ensure security of the rolling stock and safety of the infrastructure users. Maintaining quality of the rail network is major priority for railway infrastructure managers. Purpose of rail ballast is to distribute load of the moving trains and to ensure track geometry. Monitoring of ballast degradation is therefore essential to ensure the quality of the infrastructure.The aim of this thesis is to develop a numerical tool to anticipate the degradation and behaviour of a railway infrastructure under traffic. This tool is intended to effectively simulate the behaviour of railway ballast under numerous mobile loads cycles.A first part details the composition of railway infrastructures, specifies roles of the ballast and identifies the main lines of its behaviour.Choice is made to use finite element method to represent the ballast and an elastic-plastic behaviour model. The ballast is then treated as a continuous geomaterial responding to elastic-plastic behaviour. Therefore, in a second part, the basics of elastic-plastic modelling are exposed. Then, several existing behaviours models which present interesting elements are identified and studied.In a third part, a new behaviour model, called "frottant-compactant" is presented. It is composed with a new criterion and an original flow rule. Finally, the model is completed by taking account of materials degradation via internal friction angle decreasing.In a fourth part, the steady-states methods are exposed. These methods are specifically developed for modelling problems including moving loads. Different algorithms are implemented using Matlab coding software and using the finites elements method software COMSOL Multiphysics. Principally, the double time-scale steady-state method, newly developed, allow rapid modelling of numerous loading cycles and representation of material wear effects.In a final part, the two three-dimensional models used are presented. On a few loading cycles, various results are established depending on different behaviour models. On a very large number of load cycles, the results obtained show the evolution of plastic strains in the structure and the degradation of the material
Couble, Yoann pierre. "Optimisation de la gestion des ressources voie retour". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0058.
Pełny tekst źródłaOptimizing satellite links is a major challenge to increase satellite systems profitability. Increasing the frequency reuse is one of the most promising approaches. Reusing multiple times the same frequency enables to transmit more information on the same frequency, as long as the two or more signals do not generate too high mutual interferences. It is therefore of capital importance to control these interference impacts, be it through the use of frequency reuse scheme or through the use of advanced dynamic interference coordination techniques, where the user selection is done with the knowledge of interference levels
Bodin, Valérie. "Comportement du ballast des voies ferrées soumises à un chargement vertical et latéral". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0111.
Pełny tekst źródłaSandré, Anne-Laure. "Nouveau procédé de dissolution-précipitation pour l’exploitation de minerais nickélifères oxydés par voie hydrométallurgique : études cinétiques, modélisation et calcul de réacteurs". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of this thesis is to build a predictive model for a continuous industrial unit combining simultaneously nickel ore dissolution and iron precipitation. A two steps method was used. First experiments in batch or semi-batch reactors were done in order to understand and model separately the different phenomenon that take place. Then all the equations and associated constants were used to build a model. This work allowed some advances both on the system studied and on the methods used. First thermodynamics of Na-Fe(III)-H2SO4 solutions in the 70-100°C temperature range was clarified and natrojarosite solubility constant Na0,84H0,16Fe2,90(SO4)2(OH)5,7 was deduced. Secondly parameters acting on sodium and potassium jarosite precipitation were highlighted and their growth kinetics were deduced through an original use of caracterisctics method. Then ore dissolution kinetics were found, taking into account different ores phases and their granulometry. After deducing all the necessary parameters, an original model allowing to simulate a cascade of dissolution/precipitation reactors with recyling loop was build and validated. This conception tool, coupled with a technico-economic study allows the optimisation of such a process
Faure, Carole. "Simulations des effets des bras spiraux sur la dynamique stellaire dans la Voie Lactée". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Nguyen, The Cong. "Recherche par voie analytique et par simulation numérique des surtensions engendrées lors de la mise sous tension de lignes de transport d'énergie chargées par un transformateur à vide". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0089.
Pełny tekst źródłaBadinier, Thibault. "Modélisations stationnaires des voies ferrées : comportement et dégradation du ballast". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY020.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent development in rail transportation has led traffic increasing during last decade, an increase which should continue in next decade due to the future developments of railway transport. Traffic growing induces infrastructure's solicitation increasing. Railways quality is warrant of rail transport performance, but also ensure security of the rolling stock and safety of the infrastructure users. Maintaining quality of the rail network is major priority for railway infrastructure managers. Purpose of rail ballast is to distribute load of the moving trains and to ensure track geometry. Monitoring of ballast degradation is therefore essential to ensure the quality of the infrastructure.The aim of this thesis is to develop a numerical tool to anticipate the degradation and behaviour of a railway infrastructure under traffic. This tool is intended to effectively simulate the behaviour of railway ballast under numerous mobile loads cycles.A first part details the composition of railway infrastructures, specifies roles of the ballast and identifies the main lines of its behaviour.Choice is made to use finite element method to represent the ballast and an elastic-plastic behaviour model. The ballast is then treated as a continuous geomaterial responding to elastic-plastic behaviour. Therefore, in a second part, the basics of elastic-plastic modelling are exposed. Then, several existing behaviours models which present interesting elements are identified and studied.In a third part, a new behaviour model, called "frottant-compactant" is presented. It is composed with a new criterion and an original flow rule. Finally, the model is completed by taking account of materials degradation via internal friction angle decreasing.In a fourth part, the steady-states methods are exposed. These methods are specifically developed for modelling problems including moving loads. Different algorithms are implemented using Matlab coding software and using the finites elements method software COMSOL Multiphysics. Principally, the double time-scale steady-state method, newly developed, allow rapid modelling of numerous loading cycles and representation of material wear effects.In a final part, the two three-dimensional models used are presented. On a few loading cycles, various results are established depending on different behaviour models. On a very large number of load cycles, the results obtained show the evolution of plastic strains in the structure and the degradation of the material
Garnier, Carole. "Segmentation de la prostate pour la thérapie par Ultrasons Haute Intensité guidée par l’Image". Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498035.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the segmentation of echographic prostate images acquired intra-operatively simultaneously to the application of high intensity ultrasound (HIFU) for the destruction of tumor. The objective is to precisely delineate the target in order to concentrate the heating induced by ultrasound and to reduce as much as possible their impact on the neighboring structures. After a brief presentation of the clinical and the technical context, in particular the dosimetry, a state-of-the-art is carried out: it shows that although all the most recent and effective methods have been explored, only partial solutions have been obtained due to a large variability of situations to deal with and the relatively poor quality of the images in HIFU devices. Several solutions are then proposed based on discrete deformable contours, improved by the search of gradient based landmark points, coupled or not with optimal search detection. These solutions are tested on about thirty datasets and qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by comparison with expert-defined contours. A preliminary study is also performed for texture characterization using different types of moments (Zernike, Legendre, etc. ). The results show that an overall good behaviour is obtained fulfilling the time computation constraints
Toppe, Gilbert. "La typologie des médias dans les pays en développement : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020089.
Pełny tekst źródłaHadj-Kacem, Imed. "Allocation de ressources : optimisation des symboles pilotes et de la voie de retour". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0522/document.
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Coutu, Arnaud. "Conception de réacteurs de laboratoire et développement d’approches numériques pour l’optimisation du procédé de méthanisation en voie solide et discontinu : plans d’expériences mixtes et bootstrapping, modélisation couplée hydrodynamique et biochimique". Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2616.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims to provide innovative solutions and perspectives to the current research work on solid state anaerobic digestion, using digital tools. The deliverables of this study are organized into a “digital toolbox” for engineers and researchers. Like the worker’s toolbox, this solution consists of several sections representing the three main digital applications for anaerobic digestion: optimization, hydrodynamics and modeling. Each part is linked with others to build a systemic approach identifying exchanges between them in order to form a complete solution exceeding the sum of its parts. This work was carried out around two substrates: straw cattle manure and damp grass. It was however designed to be transposed to any substrates. The first step in this work was the reactors and gas counters conception to perform each of these steps at lower cost. This equipment was computer-aided designed after the characteristics were determined by calculation. The second step was to determine a different approach from experimental designs to increase the optimization efficiency using this tool. This method allows tooptimize both the composition of each substrate and the different operating parameters values in a single experimental design combining factor design and mix design. The bootstrapping tool is also used to minimize the number of experiments while maintaining the results significance. In this study, the two substrates composition and two operating parameters were studied to maximize methane yield. The two substrates were cattle manure and damp grass, and the two studied parameters were immersion of the substrates and recirculation frequency of the liquid phase. The percolation is also a study subject: what is the purpose of optimizing the operating parameters if the liquid phase cannot percolate within the solid part? Therefore, the third step of this work is to study the liquid phase flow within the solid part under codigestion conditions according to its composition and stratification. This step allows to provide the flow characteristic parameter to propose a new stratification approach and to highlight the codigestion effect on the microporosity and macroporosity evolution. Finally, the microporosity and macroporosity evolution impact on biology was modeled in a single substrate model to provide an understanding tool and a first work step on a prediction tool integrating these phenomena. The whole study allows to optimize the operating parameters, to ensure the functional aspect of an experiment and bring forward an understanding model of porosities evolution. It is not a definitive solution but a solution to substantiate, just as the toolbox is continuously renewed in innovative and more efficient tools
Gautier, Maxime. "Etude de la formation de nanoparticules de carbone au cours de la décomposition thermique d'hydrocarbures : application à la coproduction de noir de carbone et d'hydrogène par craquage thermique du méthane par voie plasma". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis takes part of the development of a direct decarbonation process of methane by plasma to produce both carbon black and hydrogen. This process is particularly interesting in an electrical mix context with low carbon emission. It proffers a solution to reduce drastically CO2 emissions rejected by the current carbon black and hydrogen ways of production, which are ones of the most polluting industrial processes.This study aims to develop reliable and robust numerical methods for a better understanding and a greater control of the morphologic features of the carbon black generated. These features play a key role in the quality and applications of the carbon black produced. This research retraces the evolution of the carbon structure from the molecules of the fuel to the formation of nanoparticles and solid microstructures. It tackles different phenomenon such as: nucleation, chemical growth, coagulation, maturity and aggregation.Numerical tools and methods were developed thereby and enable to simulate carbon particle formation. They were successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software. Eventually numerical simulation of the plasma process were performed, integrating heat transfers and turbulence
Lamago, Merlin Ferdinand. "Réingénierie des fonctions des plateformes LMS par l'analyse et la modélisation des activités d'apprentissage : application à des contextes éducatifs avec fracture numérique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0589/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present research aims to model learning processes on Learning ManagementSystems (LMS) in a bid to maximize users’ efficiency. We came about this idea whilethinking over the possible ways of facilitating the use of LMS for teachers and learnersin countries affected by the digital divide. Drawing from that, the following question hasbeen stated: in a given learning context, how can we insert a Learning ManagementSystem that provides users with both easy handling and optimal using conditions? Thisissue raises the problem of LMS adaptability and suggests two levels of modeling: thelearning tool on one hand and the planned context of use on the other. To address thisissue of adaptability, we adopt a two-pronged approach including the functionalanalysis of LMS tools and the reengineering of user interfaces. The first step is todevelop an approach for the analysis of teaching and learning processes on LMS. Thisentails modeling common learning situations and cross-checking them with thefeatures available in LMS solutions. This preliminary work enabled to build a formalismfor LMS analysis which is referred to as the OCGPI approach (Organize-Collaborate-Guide-Produce-Inform). The second step proposes an adaptive reengineering of LMSbased on the context of use. This is namely an embedded configurator which adaptsthe working environment according to each use and each user. This tool aims at givingbeginners the possibility of acquainting themselves quickly with the virtual platform
Hedan, Stéphen. "Mesures par voie optique de champs cinématiques pour l'étude du comportement de plaques élastiques fissurées et chargées en mode I : formulation des déplacements 2D par confrontation numérique-expérience en statique, analyse des effets 3D en dynamique". Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Hedan-Stephen/2008-Hedan-Stephen-These.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work concerns the study of the experimental displacement fields in the elastic cracked plates, loaded in mode I. The experimental displacement extraction is realised from a method of extraction from in the single picture. The first part of this memory, concerns the study of the displacements fields in the vicinity of the crack tip for stationary cracks. The grids method is used to determine the in-plan displacement fields on the free surface. At the same time as experimental tries, a finite element model is making to validate numerical conditions in the borders and displacement empirical formulations. These formulations characterize in plan displacements and gradients displacements necessary for the J-integral calculation. The second part of this memory concerns the study of the 3D and transient effects by confrontation of the theoretical formulation and the experimental data of the out-of-plane displacement for a propagating crack. The determination of the absolute out-of-plane displacements by Michelson interferometer is not directly, the purpose of a photomultiplier and the subtraction of an initial relief is necessary. The detachment zone according to the crack propagation velocity (V) us incites to develop an empirical formulation of out-of-plane displacements with minimised from the experimental results
Janin, Jean-Pierre. "Tunnels en milieu urbain : Prévisions des tassements avec prise en compte des effets des pré-soutènements (renforcement du front de taille et voûte-parapluie)". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743362.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrochet, Patrice. "Développement des outils pour la formation à l'hystérectomie totale par voie coelioscopique sur un simulateur de réalité virtuelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Substantial evidence supports the use of simulation for training on basic skills in gynecology. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of a laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) program on a virtual reality (VR) simulator, and to develop an evidence-based training curriculum. To develop an objective scale specific for the assessment of technical skills for LH (H-OSATS).Methods: Study 1. 40 participants were tested on a VR simulator. Validity evidence was proposed as the ability to differentiate between 3 levels of experience. Outcomes were simulator-derived metrics and OSATS scores. Study 2. The H-OSATS scale was developed using a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and a Delphi panel of experts. H-OSATS was evaluated by reviewing LH performed on a VR simulator.Results: Study 1. There was differences between experienced intermediate and inexperienced groups for time (1369, 2385 and 3370 s; p<0.001), number of movements (2033, 3195 and 4056; p= 0.001), and number of bladder injuries. Qualitative analysis found intergroup OSATS score differences (25.5, 19.5 and 14; p<0.001). Study 2. 76 steps were identified by the HTA. 14 experts answered the Delphi. 64 steps reached consensus. There was a significant difference between the 3 groups for H-OSATS scores (178.25, 155.9 and 133; p=0.002). Conclusion: The LH program accrued validity evidence and allowed the development of a VR training curriculum. A next step will be to evaluate whether this training program leads to improved operative skills when transferred to the OR. H-OSATS scale is a valid instrument for performances assessment on a simulator. H-OSATS is expected to facilitate deliberate practice during LH training
Pons, Audrey. "Simulation numérique de la montée capillaire en espace confiné, en vue de l’application à des procédés d’élaboration de matériaux composites par imprégnation non-réactive ou réactive". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0701/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to replace certain metal components ininternal hot parts of aircraft engines is an active research field for the aeronautical industry. Theseadvanced components may be manufactured with a fluid processing called ReactiveMelt Infiltration(RMI). The densification step is the capillary rise of a molten metal such as silicon within a wovenpreform. The molten metal can react with the previously introduced ceramic powder and lead to arefractory matrix. The competition between capillary rise and the reaction between molten siliconand introduced carbon powder has to be managed. The ambition is to prevent choking off effectsand closed pores created by preferential paths. Simulations of two-phase flows at macroscopic scaleare undertaken with a homemade code developed in SAFRAN whereas simulations of two-phaseflows atmicroscopic scale were undertaken with CFD code Thétis (developed at I2M, Bordeaux). Anexperimental methodology for analysis of reactive or not reactive capillary impregnation in granularmedia is described
Maldonado, Marc. "VIBRATIONS DUES AU PASSAGE D'UN TRAMWAY : MESURES EXPÉRIMENTALES ET SIMULATIONS NUMERIQUES". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356222.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhoury, Jawad. "Optimisation de dimensionnement et de fonctionnement d’un système photovoltaïque assistant un réseau électrique intermittent pour une application résidentielle". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0763/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses the issue of intermittent primary energy source in several developing countries and considers, in particular, the case study of Lebanon. A PV-battery backup system is proposed and assessed as a replacement of the grid energy during daily power outage periods for a high energy consuming residential house. The proposed system topology introduces more critical conditions and additional constraints on the operation of the system compared to standard on-grid or standalone PV systems. The main concern is to provide permanent electricity supply to the house, reduce the resulting fees, and ensure high performance and reliability of the backup system while respecting the residents’ comfort levels. This thesis aims at thoroughly assessing the suitability of the proposed backup system by focusing on various aspects of the system. First, its configuration is optimized through the development of a detailed economic study estimating the resulting fees over its 20-year lifetime. The sizing process is formulated as an optimization problem having the sole objective of minimizing the overall cost of the system. Furthermore, a detailed comparative study of various water heating techniques is conducted to the end of determining the most suitable configuration to be coupled with the proposed backup solution. Second, the thesis targets the operation optimization of the PV-battery system by implementing a Demand Side Management (DSM) program aiming at preventing the occurrence of loss of power supply to the house while maintaining high comfort levels to the inhabitants and respecting the operation constraints of the system. The control is divided into several layers in order to manage predictable and unpredictable home appliances. The strength of the developed control lies in ensuring the complete coordination between all the components of the installation: the grid, PV panels, battery storage, and the load demand. The benefits of the DSM are proven to go beyond the operation optimization of the system since they highly affect the sizing of the backup, and by extension, the overall resulting cost. The established program is optimized for the hardware implementation process by ensuring a low memory consumption and fast decision making. The developed C codes of the full DSM program are implemented on ARM Cortex-A9 processors. The simulation and implementation results show that the developed management program is highly generic, flexible, accurate, fast, and reliable.The results presented in this thesis validate that the proposed PV-Battery backup system is highly suitable to assist unreliable grids. It outperforms currently installed Diesel Generators and demonstrates a remarkable reliability especially when coupled with the developed DSM program
Milovanovitch, Vladan D. "Comportement dynamique des barrages en béton et prise en compte des effets de site sur les ondes sismiques incidentes". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529511.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaudin, Nicolas. "Chemodynamical simulations of evolution of galaxies : implementing dust model". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059565.
Pełny tekst źródłaDugois, Kévin. "Simulation à l’échelle microscopique et analyse macroscopique de l’imprégnation d’un matériau composite par un fluide chargé en particules". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to improve thermo-mechanical behavior of tubine blades in SAFRAN engines plane, a new composite material is necessary. The manufacturing process to obtain this composite is intricate and requires a two steps fluid densification process. This thesis focuses on numerical simulation of the first one called Slurry Cats/APS. In this step, suspended particles are introducted and captured in the reinforcement. For that purpose,we carry out a model at fiber scale, using Navier-Stokes equations in incompressible and monophasic formulation, Phillips equations [Phillips et al., 1992] and a rheological law [Krieger, 1972]. After validation step consisting in a comparison of computational results with experiments [Hampton et al., 1997] and theorical law [Belfort et al., 1994], this model has been used to simulate flow around geometries similar to those encountered in our composite material