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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vitellogenin induction"
1
Olsson, P. E., P. Kling, C. Petterson i C. Silversand. "Interaction of cadmium and oestradiol-17β on metallothionein and vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)". Biochemical Journal 307, nr 1 (1.04.1995): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3070197.
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The induction of metallothionein and vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout liver was studied after injection of oestradiol-17 beta alone or in combination with cadmium or zinc. Intraperitoneal injection of oestradiol-17 beta increased the liver somatic index, with subsequent induction of vitellogenin synthesis. Oestradiol-17 beta did not induce metallothionein synthesis. Injection of cadmium induced the synthesis of metallothionein mRNA and metallothionein. Injection of oestradiol-17 beta in combination with cadmium resulted in inhibition of transcription and translation of both vitellogenin and metallothionein. Chromatography of liver cytosols revealed that cadmium, when co-injected with oestradiol-17 beta, did not bind to metallothionein but would initially bind to high-molecular-mass (HMr) cytosolic proteins. In fish injected with cadmium in combination with oestradiol-17 beta, cadmium was gradually redistributed from HMr proteins to metallothionein. This resulted in induction of metallothionein synthesis and in binding of most of the cadmium to metallothionein. Induction of vitellogenin mRNA was observed 15 days after injection, as cadmium was being redistributed to newly synthesized metallothionein. These findings indicate that cadmium inhibits the transcription of vitellogenin. The binding of cadmium to these non-metallothionein proteins represses the induction of metallothionein and results in increased toxicity of the metal. Preinduction of metallothionein by zinc injections resulted in decreased cadmium sensitivity of the fish and a decrease in the repression of vitellogenin mRNA. Furthermore, a role for metallothionein in the detoxification of cadmium is indicated by the induction of vitellogenin synthesis that occurs once metallothionein has begun sequestering cadmium.
2
Jurčíková, J., P. Mikula, R. Dobšíková, D. Némethová i Z. Svobodová. "Effects of Metazachlor on Vitellogenin Induction in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)". Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, nr 8 (2007): S61—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776s8s061.
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The influence of metazachlor on vitellogenesis in juvenile (20 days old) zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated after ambient water exposure to concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg l-1 of the chloroacetanilide herbicide Butisan 400 SC containing approximately 35.6% (w/w) metazachlor. After 20 days of exposure, vitellogenin concentrations in whole-body homogenates of the fish were measured by direct sandwich ELISA. The results were compared to vitellogenin concentrations in fish from both negative (no exposure) and positive (exposed to natural oestrogen 17β-oestradiol) control groups. Exposure to Butisan 400 SC at a concentration of 5.0 mg l-1 induced vitellogenin synthesis significantly compared to the control fish (p < 0.05). The oestrogenic effect of 17β-oestradiol was confirmed.
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Wang, Zhenyu, Meng Sun, Hua Tian, Su Gao, Wei Wang i Shaoguo Ru. "Estrogenic effects of monocrotophos standard on male goldfish, Carassius auratus: induction of vitellogenin synthesis and alteration of testicular ultrastructure and function". Animal Biology 64, nr 4 (2014): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002448.
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Monocrotophos has been shown to exert estrogenic effects on teleosts. However, it has not been determined whether monocrotophos itself is the component that is responsible for exerting these estrogenic activities. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the estrogenic effects of monocrotophos standard in male goldfish (Carassius auratus), after a 21-day semi-static toxicity test. The induction of vitellogenin synthesis in males exposed to monocrotophos was confirmed with qualitative and quantitative methods. The observed increase in endogenous estrogen levels in males exposed to monocrotophos might explain the induction of vitellogenin. Moreover, we observed a decreased gonadosomatic index, ultrastructure damage of sperm and Sertoli cells, and several alterative testicular enzyme activities in males exposed to monocrotophos, which possibly affect spermatogenesis and male fertility. Our study showed the potential estrogenic effects of monocrotophos standard may act via the induction of vitellogenin synthesis and alteration of testicular ultrastructure and function in male goldfish.
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Dodson, R. E., i D. J. Shapiro. "An estrogen-inducible protein binds specifically to a sequence in the 3' untranslated region of estrogen-stabilized vitellogenin mRNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 5 (maj 1994): 3130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.5.3130.
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The 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) has been implicated in the estrogen stabilization of hepatic Xenopus laevis vitellogenin mRNA. We used RNA gel mobility shift assays to demonstrate that Xenopus liver contains a factor which binds with very high specificity to a segment of the 3'-UTR of vitellogenin B1 and B2 mRNAs. We detected a single high-affinity binding site in the vitellogenin mRNA 3'-UTR and localized the binding site to a 27-nucleotide region. Since binding was abolished by proteinase K digestion, at least a component of the factor is a protein. Following estrogen administration, binding was induced approximately four- to fivefold in extracts from liver polysomes. The hepatic vitellogenin mRNA-binding protein was found in both polysomes and cytosol. Since the protein was also estrogen inducible in cytosol, this represents a genuine induction, not simply recruitment of the cytosolic protein into polysomes. UV cross-linking studies with the 27-nucleotide recognition sequence revealed bands corresponding to bound proteins with apparent molecular weights of 71,000 and 141,000. This appears to be the first example of steroid hormone-inducible proteins binding to an mRNA 3'-UTR. Its induction by estrogen and its sequence-specific binding to a region of vitellogenin mRNA important in estrogen-mediated stabilization suggest that the protein may play a role in the regulation of mRNA stability.
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Dodson, R. E., i D. J. Shapiro. "An estrogen-inducible protein binds specifically to a sequence in the 3' untranslated region of estrogen-stabilized vitellogenin mRNA". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 5 (maj 1994): 3130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.5.3130-3138.1994.
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The 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) has been implicated in the estrogen stabilization of hepatic Xenopus laevis vitellogenin mRNA. We used RNA gel mobility shift assays to demonstrate that Xenopus liver contains a factor which binds with very high specificity to a segment of the 3'-UTR of vitellogenin B1 and B2 mRNAs. We detected a single high-affinity binding site in the vitellogenin mRNA 3'-UTR and localized the binding site to a 27-nucleotide region. Since binding was abolished by proteinase K digestion, at least a component of the factor is a protein. Following estrogen administration, binding was induced approximately four- to fivefold in extracts from liver polysomes. The hepatic vitellogenin mRNA-binding protein was found in both polysomes and cytosol. Since the protein was also estrogen inducible in cytosol, this represents a genuine induction, not simply recruitment of the cytosolic protein into polysomes. UV cross-linking studies with the 27-nucleotide recognition sequence revealed bands corresponding to bound proteins with apparent molecular weights of 71,000 and 141,000. This appears to be the first example of steroid hormone-inducible proteins binding to an mRNA 3'-UTR. Its induction by estrogen and its sequence-specific binding to a region of vitellogenin mRNA important in estrogen-mediated stabilization suggest that the protein may play a role in the regulation of mRNA stability.
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Olsson, P. E., M. Zafarullah i L. Gedamu. "A role of metallothionein in zinc regulation after oestradiol induction of vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri". Biochemical Journal 257, nr 2 (15.01.1989): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570555.
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The regulation of metallothionein (MT) biosynthesis in rainbow-trout liver was studied after a single intraperitoneal injection of oestradiol-17 beta. Sampling was performed after 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Following induction of vitellogenin synthesis in the liver, liver somatic index (LSI) rose from 1.25 to 2.00 in 14 days. Associated with the increase in LSI was an elevation of hepatic vitellogenin mRNA and zinc concentrations. The vitellogenin mRNA concentrations peaked at 7 days after treatment. The zinc concentrations increased to a peak at day 14. MT was analysed by using differential pulse polarography and a rainbow-trout MT RNA probe. The MT mRNA concentrations rose after 14 days and remained elevated at 21 and 28 days. The MT concentrations increased after 14 days and remained elevated throughout the experimental period. The concentrations of MT-bound zinc increased in association with the elevation in MT concentrations in the oestradiol-treated rainbow trout. These findings indicate that MT is involved in the regulation of zinc during the period of vitellogenin induction and that MT may function by maintaining the pool of available zinc at an appropriate concentration.
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An, L., J. Hu, M. Yang, F. Jin, Q. Du i Z. Ke. "Enhanced Vitellogenin Induction of Secondary Effluents by Chlorination". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 77, nr 1 (lipiec 2006): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-006-1033-8.
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Bradley, James T., i John M. Grizzle. "Vitellogenin induction by estradiol in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus". General and Comparative Endocrinology 73, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(89)90052-x.
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Celius, T., i BT Walther. "Oogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) occurs by zonagenesis preceding vitellogenesis in vivo and in vitro". Journal of Endocrinology 158, nr 2 (1.08.1998): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1580259.
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Fish oogenesis represents pleiotropic cytodifferentiative programs including hepatic synthesis of the molecular components for both the eggshell and the oocytic energy deposits. Both hepatic processes are directly controlled by plasma levels of estradiol (E2), and injected E2 induces both biogenetic processes in prepubertal fish of both sexes. This work compares the temporal pattern of E2-induced biosynthesis of zona radiata proteins (zr-proteins) and vitellogenin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in vivo and in vitro. We monitored the presence of plasma zr-proteins and vitellogenin, using homologous polyclonal antiserum to zr-proteins and a monoclonal antibody to vitellogenin. Zr-proteins were induced by all E2 concentrations (0.001-1.1 mg/kg body weight (bw)) within one week of exposure while vitellogenin was not induced until two weeks post-injection and then only in plasma from fish injected with high E2 concentrations (0.4 mg or 1.1 mg/kg bw). After E2 treatment, hepatocytes isolated from male fish synthesized zr-proteins and vitellogenin in vitro. However, zr-proteins were secreted into the medium two days before vitellogenin, as measured by ELISA. The data indicate a preferential induction of zr-proteins compared with vitellogenin, both with regard to E2 sensitivity and response time to E2 treatment. These findings suggest an obligate sequence in salmon oogenesis. During sexual maturation low E2 levels at first induce only zonagenesis, while increasing levels of E2 subsequently induce both zonagenesis and vitellogenesis. In nature, the interval between zonagenesis and vitellogenesis may, therefore, be considerable. The data suggest new control mechanisms in fish oogenesis.
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Haché, R. J., S. P. Tam, A. Cochrane, M. Nesheim i R. G. Deeley. "Long-term effects of estrogen on avian liver: estrogen-inducible switch in expression of nuclear, hormone-binding proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, nr 10 (październik 1987): 3538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.10.3538.
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The stimulation of chicks or embryos with estrogen results in transient, hepatic expression of the vitellogenin gene, as well as long-term, propagatable alterations in the rapidity with which the gene can be reactivated. We examined the possibility that nuclear, type II estrogen-binding sites are involved in this long-term change in response characteristics. We demonstrate that the primary induction kinetics of type II sites in embryos and chicks correlated with the expression of the vitellogenin gene and that once their induction was triggered by estrogen, they accumulated, were propagated, and persisted for months after withdrawal of the hormone. We also show that their accumulation in the embryo was accompanied by prolonged expression of both the vitellogenin and very low-density apolipoprotein II genes, in the absence of elevated levels of type I receptor, and that the type II sites, like the classical receptor, appear to be preferentially associated with active or potentially active chromatin. Finally, we describe a regulatory mechanism, tested by computer modelling, that simulated the behavioral characteristics of these nuclear estrogen-binding sites and which may explain their role in mediating the long-term effects of estrogen.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vitellogenin induction"
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Tulou, Kimberly E. "Vitellogenin induction in male Japanese medaka exposed to the chemotherapeutics: oxytetracycline, Romet-30, and copper sulfate". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41438.
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The specificity of a medaka vitellogenin (Vtg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was tested on adult hybrid tilapia to determine if vitellogenin could be successfully measured in tilapia using this method. Adult hybrid (Orechromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis aureus) tilapia were injected with 17â-estradiol (E2) at 5 ìg/g body weight (b.w.) in two separate experiments and exposed to 2.5 ìg/g b.w. E2 through aquaria water in a third experiment. All fish were exposed to solvent controls (50/50 PBS/ethanol, or 59/41 PBS/ ethanol) proportional to the volume of estradiol solvent used. Experiment 1 was terminated due to a decrease in fish health and unexpected mortalities. Experiment 2 was continued though there was again a decrease in fish health and mortalities before experiment was completed. According to one-way ANOVA, Experiment 2 treatment groups were significantly different (P<0.05); however, Tukeyâ s pairwise comparisons showed no differences between treatment groups. Experiment 3 results showed statistical differences between some treatment groups (P<0.001). However, maximum vitellogenin levels reached 1250 ng/mL Vtg, which were much lower than induced vitellogenin levels from literature (0.002 mg/mL to 6 mg/mL). Typical induction trends should be as follows: male control
2
Ponza, Pattareeya, i pattareeya pon@biotec or th. "Molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia fluviatilis". RMIT University. Applied Science, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.121231.
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The Crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) from the Murray-Darling basin of Australia is a common indicator species in Australian ecotoxicology. Biochemical changes have been investigated in this species, but not molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest. In this study genes of M. fluviatilis were isolated using a cDNA library and sequences analysed. Of 345 randomly selected clones, 94 shared similarity with 26 different genes in other organisms in public databases. Amongst these, reproductive genes coding for vitellogenin, retinol binding protein, sialyltransferase and zona pellucida protein were considered of interest in ecotoxicology. The vitellogenin gene was selected for study as it has been widely used as a molecular marker of exposure to 17â-estradiol (E2) in teleosts. Gene expression was examined via northern blot, RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR relative to the housekeeping gene (18S rRNA). The expression of vitellogenin mRNA was observed a t 12 hours post-exposure, peaked at 48 hours according to northern blot analysis; and cleared within 4 days, partly consistent with RT-PCR. However, Real-time PCR yielded an inconclusive result, probably due to differences between pooled and individual samples. Vitellogenin in blood plasma was confirmed by western blot, found to be significantly increased and retained in the plasma in fish treated with E2 compared to controls. It was concluded that vitellogenin mRNA is a molecular marker of exposure to 17â-estradiol in the rainbowfish, and could potentially be used as a marker of exposure to environmental estrogenic chemicals. Further investigations of the expression of genes in the cDNA library, could establish other molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest in M. fluviatilis.
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Chou, Chia-Hung, i 周家宏. "Induction of Vitellogenin in Rana limmocharis exposured to Xenoestrogen". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dh3cz5.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系曁研究所
97
In the past decad, many researchers are concerned about the impacts of xenoestrogen on amphibian. In order to study the effects of estrogenic substances on amphibian, we injected Rana limmocharis with 17β-estradiol (0.1 and 1.0 μg/L) and bisphenol-A (0.1 and 0.5 μg/L). The hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and vitellogenin (VTG) were measured after 7 and 14 days. The results of this study are as followed : 1. animals injected with 17β-estradiol after 14 days, there vitellogenin induction were 3-fold higher than those in the control group ; for animals injected with biphenol-A after 14 days, their vitellogenin induction has a 2-fold increase compared with the control group. 2. in animals injected with 17β-estradiol could significantly inhibit the liver growth, however, animals treated with biphenol-A could significantly increase the weight of the liver; animals injected with 17β-estradiol has obviously decreased in gonad weight than biphenol-A did, and with longer exposure period, the effect was more significant. Both 17β-estradiol and bisphenol-A could induce the vitellogenin in R. limmocharis. We have concluded that the bisphenol-A can mimic estrogenic effect on R. limmocharis.
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Skoloda, Jamie Beth. "Vitellogenin induction as a biomarker for environmental estrogens in Xenopus laevis". 2004. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-11242004-095503/.
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Pan, I.-Jung, i 潘弋戎. "Analysis of Estrogenic Activity of Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants Effluent using Vitellogenin Induction in Tilapia". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32390101327826283065.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
92
A large number of substances in daily use are known to mimic natural hormones in animals. These chemicals known as environmental hormones (EHs) or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include some pesticides, PCBs, components of food packaging materials and certain alkylphenolic substances which arise from alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs) commonly used in detergents, paints and cosmetics. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) received natural and synthetic EHs from urban and industrial discharge. These compounds can not be completely removed by treatment processes of STPs and can ultimately discharged be released into the aquatic environment. Therefore, effluent from STP is an important source of EHs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of effluent on an indigenous freshwater fish, tilapia (Tilapia spp.). Effluent samples were collected during winter and spring and test fish were raised in aquariums and exposed to either tap water (control), half strength (50% dilution) or whole effluent for 21 days. A flow rate of 5 mL/min was applied to a continuous flow system (CFS). Estrogenic responses were evaluated based on the expression of serum vitellogenin (VTG) using western blots and quantified by an imaging analysis system. In addition, we also measured gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) to observed physiological and reproductive effects of the fish. The results showed that a short-term exposure (7 days) of the effluent at both concentrations could increase VTG levels in female during winter and spring. Male tilapia exposed to effluent at concentration of 50% dilution after 7th day has a VTG induction during winter, but during spring, male exposed to the whole effluent only after the 14th day did VTG levels elevate. The VTG levels in both male and female fish were highest at the 21th day. At the 21th day, fish were sacrificed and GSI and HSI were measured. The GSI of female fish were slightly increased, while GSI of male fish were statistically significantly smaller than control. The HSI of both female and male fish were higher than control for both experiments, but not statistically different. This study indicates that estrogenic compounds are present in STP effluents which resulting VTG induction. Concentrations of these chemicals in STP effluent were high enough to be responsible for the VTG induction and physiological alteration observed in tilapia.
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Wang, Zhen-Rui, i 王振叡. "Xenoestrogen in the Rivers of Taoyuan County by Measuring Induction of Vitellogenin in Male Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16192906219106130540.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
91
Many in situ experiments have detected high concentrations of xenoestrogen in the river downstream from high magnitude of human activities. The objective of this study is to understand the risk for fish exposed to this kind of “stress”. First, a “dose and response” experiment was carried out for nonylphenol in male guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Second, Taoyuan County was selected as a study region, because there is high density of population and textile industry densely located at this county. In the Nan-Kan, Lao-Jie, and She-Zi River, we selected 9 sampling sites for a semi-field experiment for 21 days. Male adult guppy was chosen as a biological indicator in the present study, because it’s a live-bearing and viviparous fish with a short reproductive period. The plasma vitellogenin levels in male adult guppy were used as an indication of xenoestrogen exposure and were measured by using SDS-PAGE. There are two major findings from the present study. First, male guppy was easily affected by the estrogenic activities of nonylphenol. Short-term exposure (7 days) to nonylphenol at nominal concentrations of 60 and 150μg/L or long-term exposure (21 days) to 10μg/L nonylphenol all caused significant inductions of vitellogenin in male adult guppy in a dose—response matter. In addition, a tendency for a dose-dependent reduction in the gonadosomatic index was observed in the nonylphenol exposed groups. Second, the midstream of She-Zi River is suspected to present higher concentration of xenoestrogen compared to other study sites. This area is characterized by high level of effluent discharges from domestic and industrial sources. Because only one sample is collected and measured at this site, more studies are still needed to provide further evidences that there is a potential risk for fish exposed to xenoestrogen in the river where the household and industrial effluents constitute a significant proportion of the river flow.
Części książek na temat "Vitellogenin induction"
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Shapiro, David J., i Martin L. Brock. "Messenger RNA Stabilization and Gene Transcription in the Estrogen Induction of Vitellogenin mRNA". W Biochemical Actions of Hormones, 139–72. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-452812-3.50009-9.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America". W Invasive Asian Carps in North America, redaktorzy Diana M. Papoulias, James Candrl, Jill A. Jenkins i Donald E. Tillitt. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch18.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Asian black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>in the Mississippi River basin system.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America". W Invasive Asian Carps in North America, redaktorzy Diana M. Papoulias, James Candrl, Jill A. Jenkins i Donald E. Tillitt. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch18.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Asian black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>in the Mississippi River basin system.