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McDowell, L. R. "Vitamin nutrition of livestock animals: Overview from vitamin discovery to today". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, nr 2 (1.06.2006): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-057.
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The term “vitamin” or “vitamine” was first used in 1912. What later became known as vitamin deficiency diseases — scurvy, beriberi, night blindness and xeropthalmia — had plagued the world from antiquity. From 1900 through the 1930s, experiments with animals helped to advance knowledge of vitamins considerably. There are 15 vitamins of significance for livestock. A number of factors influence vitamin requirements and vitamin utilization, including physiological make-up and production function; confinement rearing without pasture; stress, disease and adverse environmental conditions; vitamin antagonists; use of antimicrobial drugs; and body vitamin reserves. Under commercial livestock and poultry production conditions, vitamin allowances higher than National Research Council (USA) requirements may be needed for optimum performance. Generally, the optimum vitamin supplementation level is the quantity that achieves the best growth rate, feed utilization and health (including immune competency), while also providing adequate body reserves. Key words: Vitamins, history, deficiency, requirements, supplementation
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Wegehaupt, Florian J., Nancy Lunghi, Vanessa M. G. Högger i Thomasq Attin. "Erosive potential of vitamin and vitamin+mineral effervescent tablets". SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 126, nr 5 (23.05.2016): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2016-05-01.
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The extrinsic sources for erosion-causing acids are primarily acidic beverages and foodstuffs. Effervescent tablets also contain organic acids (e.g. citric, tartaric, malic) in order to form carbon dioxide by contact with water with the help of the carbonate salts of the tablets. To adequately inform patients about the possible erosive potential of effervescent tablets, this study was undertaken in order to investigate the erosive potential of effervescent tablets (ET), containing either a combination of vitamins and minerals or vitamins only, commercially available in Switzerland. One hundred and ninety-two bovine enamel samples were prepared and allocated to 16 groups (AH and 18; n = 12/group). Samples were eroded (120 s/erosive cycle) in freshly prepared solutions (200 ml/12 samples) comprised of tap water and a supplement as follows: none (control groups, A and 1); vitamin+mineral ET: Qualite and Prix (B), Optisana (C), Well and Active (D), Actilife All in One (E), Berocca (F), Isostar (G) and Qualite and Prix Mg + Vit C (H); vitamin ET: Actilife-Multivitamin (2), Sunlife Vitamin C (3), Optisana Vitamin C (4), Optisana Multivitamin (5), Well and Active Multivitamin (6), Kneipp Vitamin C+Zink (7) and Sunlife Multivitamin (8). Enamel loss was measured using profilometry after 10 and 20 erosive cycles. For the vitamin+mineral ET, no loss was observed in groups BE. Significantly highest enamel loss (mean ± SD) after 20 cycles was observed for Isostar (5.26 ± 0.76 µm) and Qualite and Prix Mg + Vit C (5.12 ± 0.67 µm). All vitamine ET showed erosive enamel loss. Significantly highest loss was observed for Sunlife Multivitamin (8.45 ± 1.08 µm), while the lowest loss was observed for Actilife-Multivitamin (5.61 ± 1.08 µm) after 20 cycles. Some of the tested effervescent tablets showed a considerable erosive potential and patients should be informed accordingly.
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Məmməd oğlu Məmmədov, Şahmar, i Rinat Raviloviç Qadiyev. "Aerosol treatment of day-old chickens with vitamins and medicines". NATURE AND SCIENCE 23, nr 8 (17.08.2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/23/19-24.
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Məqalədə bir günlük cücələrin vitamin və dərman preparatları ilə aerozol müalicəsinin tətbiqi üzrə elmi tədqiqatların məlumatları verilir. A vitamini ilə müalicə edildikdə, bir günlük cücələri yağda həll olunan vitaminlərin aerozolları ilə müalicə etmək mümkün olduğu qənaətinə gəldik. Belə ki, onun ağciyər toxumasında konsentrasiyası aşağı, qanda isə eyni müalicə müddəti ilə suda həll olunan B1 vitamini ilə müqayisədə daha yüksək olmuşdur. Dispergirləşən (dağılan) mayedə farmazinin konsentrasiyasının çoxalması və emal müddətinin artırılması cücələrin ağciyər toxumasında və qaraciyərində antibiotikin konsentrasiyasının artmasına səbəb olmur. Açar sözlər: aerozol müalicəsi, dərmanlar, sutkalıq cücələr, yağda həll olunan vitaminlər, farmazin Shahmar Mammad Mammadov Rinat Ravilovich Gadiyev Aerosol treatment of day-old chickens with vitamins and medicines Abstract The article presents the data of scientific research on the use of aerosol treatment with vitamins and medicines of day-old chickens. When treated with vitamin A, it was concluded that it was possible to treat day-old chickens with aerosols of fat-soluble vitamins, since its concentration in the lung tissue was lower and in the blood was higher compared to water-soluble vitamin B1 with the same duration of treatment. An increase in the concentration of pharmazine in the dispersed liquid and an increase in the duration of treatment do not cause an increase in the concentration of the antibiotic in the lung tissue and liver of chickens. Keywords: aerosol treatment, medications, daily chickens, fat-soluble vitamins, pharmazine
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Ibrahim, Mohammad, Shabina Khan, Sanchita Pathak, Mohd Mazhar i Harpreet Singh. "Vitamin B-Complex and its Relationship with the Health of Vegetarian People". Natural Resources for Human Health 3, nr 3 (23.08.2023): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/169824.
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Vitamins are essential for a healthy life. Compared to other nutrients, the body needs them in very small amounts. B vitamins, often known as the vitamin B complex, are a class of water-soluble vitamins with key functions in cellular metabolism. Thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin (vitamin B7), folate (vitamin B9), often known as folic acid, and cobalamin (vitamin B12) are the eight distinct vitamins that collectively constitute the vitamin B complex. The body's energy levels, cognitive activity, and cell metabolism are all directly impacted by B vitamins. Four main factors contribute to vitamin B deficiency: an unbalanced diet, excessive alcohol intake, different drugs, and disorders that induce gut malabsorption. If these B vitamin deficiencies are left untreated, they can eventually cause symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy, heart attacks, strokes etc. B vitamins are present in natural, whole foods. Compared to their unprocessed counterparts, white flour and other processed carbohydrates like sugar often contain fewer B vitamins. Excellent sources of vitamins Bs comprise legumes (beans or pulses), potatoes, bananas, whole grains, tempeh, chilli peppers, brewer's yeast, nutritional yeast, and molasses. This paper provides an in-depth summary of the most popular types of vitamin B, emphasizing why the body needs them, the symptoms of a deficiency, and what diet or foods are rich in them.
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Liu, Ji’an, Ying Ren, Guiping Wang, Hui Sun, Yongyong Zhu, Lei Wang, Chunyi Zhang, Lan Zhang i Ling Jiang. "Effect of Steaming on Vitamin Retention in Tubers from Eight Cultivars of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)". Applied Sciences 11, nr 8 (19.04.2021): 3669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083669.
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As the fourth largest staple crop in China, potatoes are a significant source of food and revenue, and provide diverse vitamins to human. However, the variation of vitamin retention in tubers after cooking were seldom evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of steaming on water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B9 and vitamin C) and liposoluble vitamin (vitamin E) in tubers from eight potato cultivars grown in northern China. We found that these cultivars contained wide ranges of vitamin B9 (8.60–19.93 μg/100 g FW), vitamin C (46.67–155.44 mg/100 g FW), and vitamin E (15.34–33.82 mg/kg FW), with the highest vitamins B9, C, and E content in cultivars V7, XinDaPing, and QingShu 9, respectively. After steaming, vitamin contents decreased in most cultivars; levels of these three vitamins in tubers of cultivars ‘Tianshu11’ and ‘XinDaPing’ were higher than others, indicating that these two cultivars could be better sources among the detected ones for multiple vitamins after steaming.
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Semba, Richard D. "The Discovery of the Vitamins". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, nr 5 (1.10.2012): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000124.
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The discovery of the vitamins was a major scientific achievement in our understanding of health and disease. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term vitamine. The major period of discovery began in the early nineteenth century and ended at the mid-twentieth century. The puzzle of each vitamin was solved through the work and contributions of epidemiologists, physicians, physiologists, and chemists. Rather than a mythical story of crowning scientific breakthroughs, the reality was a slow, stepwise progress that included setbacks, contradictions, refutations, and some chicanery. Research on the vitamins that are related to major deficiency syndromes began when the germ theory of disease was dominant and dogma held that only four nutritional factors were essential: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Clinicians soon recognized scurvy, beriberi, rickets, pellagra, and xerophthalmia as specific vitamin deficiencies, rather than diseases due to infections or toxins. Experimental physiology with animal models played a fundamental role in nutrition research and greatly shortened the period of human suffering from vitamin deficiencies. Ultimately it was the chemists who isolated the various vitamins, deduced their chemical structure, and developed methods for synthesis of vitamins. Our understanding of the vitamins continues to evolve from the initial period of discovery.
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Yang, Pan, Jinbiao Zhao, Huakai Wang, Longxian Li i Yongxi Ma. "Effects of Vitamin Forms and Levels on Vitamin Bioavailability and Growth Performance in Piglets". Applied Sciences 10, nr 14 (17.07.2020): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144903.
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The objective of this study was to quantify the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamins A and E in nursery pigs and compare the effects of vitamin forms and vitamin levels on the plasma vitamin content and growth performance of weaned piglets. In experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 nursery pigs (fitted with jugular catheters) were supplied at 0 h with non-microencapsulated or microencapsulated vitamin A and E. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h after feeding to compare the bioavailability of oral vitamins A and E. In Exp. 2, a total of 216 crossbred weaned piglets were assigned to six treatments. This experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two factors for vitamin forms (non-microencapsulated and microencapsulated) and three factors for vitamin levels (the National Research Council level of vitamins, 75% commercial recommendations of vitamins (CRV) level, and a 100% CVR level). In Exp. 1, the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamin E was significantly greater than that of non-microencapsulated vitamin E. In Exp. 2, the pigs fed diets containing 75% or 100% CRV levels of vitamins increased their growth performance and plasma vitamin concentrations compared to the control group. In conclusion, microencapsulation can improve the bioavailability of vitamins, and supplementation with high levels of vitamins was able to improve the growth performance of the piglets.
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Tur-Marí, Josep, Antoni Sureda i Antoni Pons. "Blood cells as functional markers of antioxidant vitamin status". British Journal of Nutrition 96, S1 (sierpień 2006): S38—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061698.
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Antioxidants have shown beneficial effects in several biological systems, in which they were able to prevent oxidative stress-associated damage. Vitamins C and E are key antioxidants in man. Dietary intake cannot accurately reflect plasma vitamin levels. However, the plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins could also reflect the acute assimilation of these vitamins. It has been pointed out that antioxidant vitamin blood contents reach a saturation level by intake of dietary supplements. Antioxidant vitamin plasma levels are the parameter most used to determine antioxidant status. However, the vitamin plasma levels may not reflect the nutritional status of vitamins. It has been pointed out that the vitamin E in adipose tissue can be used as a measure of vitamin E status. To determinate antioxidant vitamin contents in lymphocytes and neutrophils after exercise is a useful tool to assess the functional status of antioxidant vitamins.
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Cham, B. E., H. P. Roeser i T. W. Kamst. "Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of vitamin K1 and vitamin E in serum." Clinical Chemistry 35, nr 12 (1.12.1989): 2285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.12.2285.
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Abstract We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous measurement of vitamins K1 and E in human serum. Delipidated human serum (free of vitamins K1 and E) was used to make standard solutions of these vitamins, and cetyl naphthoate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate were the internal standards for vitamin K1 and vitamin E, respectively. A simple, novel separation method utilizing liquid-liquid partition chromatography was used as a preparative "clean-up" procedure. Cetyl naphthoate and vitamin K1 (after post-column reduction) were detected by fluorescence, alpha-tocopheryl acetate and vitamin E by ultraviolet absorption. Sensitivity (detection limit) of the assay was 30 pg for vitamin K1 and 5 ng for vitamin E per injection. The method is specific, precise, and more rapid than previously described procedures. Within- and between-assay CVs were 8.1% and 12.9%, respectively, for vitamin K1; 3.5% and 6.0%, respectively, for vitamin E. Analytical recoveries of vitamins K1 and E were 80% and 93%, respectively, from serum and from delipidated serum (standards). The average neonatal serum concentration of vitamin K1 was 83 ng/L, 2.5 mg/L for vitamin E; for normolipidemic adults, the values were 343 ng/L and 7.9 mg/L, respectively, and for hyperlipidemic adults, 541 ng/L and 11.1 mg/L, respectively.
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Xia, Qiang, i Yun Long Yao. "Preparation and Evaluation of a W/O/W Double Emulsion Containing both Vitamin C and Vitamin E". Materials Science Forum 694 (lipiec 2011): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.783.
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As the instability of vitamin C and vitamin E, double emulsion was chosen as a carrier system for dermal delivery of vitamins. The present work shows how to prepare and evaluate a double emulsion containing both vitamin C and vitamin E. The double emulsion was produced by two-step process. The concentration of vitamins were analyzed by UV, and the morphology of double emulsions were observed with optical microscopic. Vitamins could be protected well in one system, which was W/O/W double emulsion. The shape of double emulsion was also an evidence for the safety of vitamins. In the end, we obtained a stable double emulsion containing both vitamin C and vitamin E for cosmetics.
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Moriya, Aya, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Mitsue Sano i Katsumi Shibata. "Different variations of tissue B-group vitamin concentrations in short- and long-term starved rats". British Journal of Nutrition 107, nr 1 (27.06.2011): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002339.
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Prolonged starvation changes energy metabolism; therefore, the metabolic response to starvation is divided into three phases according to changes in glucose, lipid and protein utilisation. B-group vitamins are involved in energy metabolism via metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. To determine how changes in energy metabolism alter B-group vitamin concentrations during starvation, we measured the concentration of eight kinds of B-group vitamins daily in rat blood, urine and in nine tissues including cerebrum, heart, lung, stomach, kidney, liver, spleen, testis and skeletal muscle during 8 d of starvation. Vitamin B1, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, folate and biotin concentrations in the blood reduced after 6 or 8 d of starvation, and other vitamins did not change. Urinary excretion was decreased during starvation for all B-group vitamins except pantothenic acid and biotin. Less variation in B-group vitamin concentrations was found in the cerebrum and spleen. Concentrations of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinamide and pantothenic acid increased in the liver. The skeletal muscle and stomach showed reduced concentrations of five vitamins including vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and folate. Concentrations of two or three vitamins decreased in the kidney, testis and heart, and these changes showed different patterns in each tissue and for each vitamin. The concentration of pantothenic acid rapidly decreased in the heart, stomach, kidney and testis, whereas concentrations of nicotinamide were stable in all tissues except the liver. Different variations in B-group vitamin concentrations in the tissues of starved rats were found. The present findings will lead to a suitable supplementation of vitamins for the prevention of the re-feeding syndrome.
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Essama-Tjani, Jeanne Chantal, Jean-Claude Guilland, Françoise Fuchs, Marie Lombard i Dominique Richard. "Changes in Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, beta-carotene, Vitamins C, A, D and E Status of French Elderly Subjects during the First Year of Institutionalization". International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 70, nr 2 (1.03.2000): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.70.2.54.
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Vitamin status was assessed in 26 recently institutionalized elderly subjects by combining dietary and biochemical measurements of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, beta-carotene, vitamins C, A, D and E at admission (P1), and 1.5 (P2), 3.0 (P3), 4.5 (P4), 6.0 (P5), 12 (P6) months later. At admission, except for vitamin A, mean vitamin intakes were lower than the 1992 French Recommended Dietary Allowance. Thiamin, vitamins C, A and E status seemed nearly satisfactory as less than one-fourth of the population sample had blood values lower than the cut-off point for thiamin (erythrocyte thiamin pyrophosphate < 0.17 mumol/l), vitamin A (serum retinol < 1.05 mumol/l), vitamin C (serum vitamin C < 11.3 mumol/l) and vitamin E (serum alpha-tocopherol < 9.3 mumol/l) or higher than the cut-off point for thiamin (erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient > 1.19). Almost half of the subjects for riboflavin, and almost all non supplemented subjects for vitamin D were in risk of vitamin deficiency (46% had an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient > 1.19 and 72% had a plasma 25(OH)D3 < 25 nmol/l). During the study, vitamins status remained unchanged for riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, D and E, improved for vitamin C (P = 0.004) or impaired for thiamin (P = 0.008). Thus, institutionalization seemed to have no effect on riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, D and E status and a slight effect on thiamin and vitamin C status.
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Cahyani, Afin Regina, Mazarina Devi i Soenar Soekopitojo. "EVALUASI VITAMIN B PADA BISKUIT BAYI SUBSTITUSI CAMPURAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschataDurch) DAN TEPUNG WORTEL (Daucus carrota L)". Journal of Food Technology and Agroindustry 5, nr 2 (3.08.2023): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jfta.v5i2.2771.
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Consumption of foods with adequate nutritional content is very important to achieve optimal growth and development in infants and toddlers. B vitamins are vitamins that function for metabolism in general and the formation of chemicals that function in nerve cells. This causes B vitamins to have an important influence on brain function. This study aimed to analyze the vitamin B content of the product in the form of biscuits substituted with pumpkin flour (Cucurbita moschata Durch) and carrot flour (Daucus carrota L). The content of vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B5 (pantothenic) was highest in biscuits substituted with pumpkin and carrot flour by 30%. The more substitution of pumpkin flour and carrot flour, the greater the levels of vitamin B complex in pumpkin and carrot biscuits. This is because pumpkin and carrots are rich in B-complex vitamins
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Grey, Vijaylaxmi, Larry Lands, Harpreet Pall i Donna Drury. "Monitoring of 25‐OH Vitamin D Levels in Children With Cystic Fibrosis". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 30, nr 3 (marzec 2000): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb02733.x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Patients with cystic fibrosis are at risk for malabsorption of fat‐soluble vitamins, and those with low 25‐OH vitamin D levels have a higher risk of low bone mineral density and long‐term skeletal complications. It is currently recommended that vitamins A and E be monitored yearly; however, no recommendations exist for 25‐OH vitamin D. Because all three vitamins are fat‐soluble, the hypothesis in the current study was that low levels of vitamins A and E could identify patients at risk for low 25‐OH vitamin D, so that 25‐OH vitamin D measurements could be obtained in only selected circumstances.Methods:Forty (21 girls) patients with CF, age 10.5 ± 3.9 (SD) years, were assessed in a cross‐sectional survey for ideal weight for height (percentage of predicted), spirometry (percentage of predicted FEV1, 33/40 patients), and serum levels of vitamins A, E, 25‐OH vitamin D, and cholesterol (37/40 patients).Results:Nine (22.5%) of 40 patients were malnourished (percentage of predicted ideal weight for height <85%), 7 (21.2%) of 33 had moderate to severe lung disease (FEV1 <60%), 4 (10%) of 40 had low levels of vitamin A, 3 (7.5%) of 40 had low vitamin E levels, 4 (10.8%) of 37 low vitamin E/cholesterol levels, and 4 (10%) of 40 had marginal or low levels of 25‐OH vitamin D (<40 mmol/l). The patients with low 25‐OH vitamin D were older, with no child < 12 years of age having a 25‐OH vitamin D level less than 40 mmol/l. They also had lower vitamin E and vitamin E/cholesterol levels than those with normal 25‐OH vitamin D levels. The groups did not differ in percentage of predicted ideal weight for height, lung function, or vitamin A levels. The best positive predictor for 25‐OH vitamin D less than 40 mmol/l was low vitamin E (66.7%), with a negative predictive value of 94.6%. 25‐OH vitamin D levels correlated with vitamin E/cholesterol levels (r = 0.41, P < 0.01) and weakly with vitamin E levels (r = 0.28, P < 0.08), but not with vitamin A levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that children aged less than 12 years and older children with normal vitamin E levels are especially unlikely to have low 25‐OH vitamin D levels, and this measure can therefore be omitted. In contrast, those children with low vitamin E levels may warrant monitoring.
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Oh, Jongwon, Hyung-Doo Park, Su-Young Kim, Won-Jung Koh i Soo-Youn Lee. "Assessment of Vitamin Status in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Potential Role of Vitamin A as a Risk Factor". Nutrients 11, nr 2 (5.02.2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020343.
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As microbiological diagnostic techniques improve and the frequency of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) infection increases worldwide, NTM-PD is becoming increasingly important to clinicians and researchers. Vitamin activity has been associated with the host immune response in tuberculosis; however, such information is very limited in NTM-PD. We performed a case-control study in 150 patients with NTM-PD and 150 healthy controls to investigate serum vitamin status. We measured concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E along with homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) as indicators of vitamin B12 deficiency, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were significantly lower in patients with NTM-PD than in healthy controls (1.5 vs. 2.1 µmol/L, p < 0.01 for vitamin A; and 27.3 vs. 33.1 µmol/L, p < 0.01 for vitamin E). In contrast, the serum concentrations of vitamin D and homocysteine were not significantly different between the two groups. Vitamin A deficiency (< 1.05 µmol/L) was significantly more prevalent in patients with NTM-PD than in healthy controls (p < 0.01) and was associated with an 11-fold increase in risk of NTM-PD. Multiple vitamin deficiencies were only observed in patients with NTM-PD (7.3% of all NTM-PD patients). Positive correlations were observed among vitamins (vitamins A and D; r = 0.200, p < 0.05; vitamins D and E, r = 0.238, p < 0.05; vitamins A and E, r = 0.352, p < 0.05). Serum vitamin status, demographic variables, and biochemical indicators were not associated with treatment outcomes. Vitamin A deficiency was strongly associated with patients with NTM-PD. Our study suggests that altered vitamin status is associated with mycobacterial disease. Future well-designed prospective studies with large patient cohorts addressing these issues are needed to clarify the significance of vitamins in NTM-PD.
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Köse, Nurgül. "Blood vitamin D levels in patients with fibromyalgia and the effectiveness of vitamin D treatment". Dicle Medical Journal/Dicle Tıp Dergisi 40, nr 4 (12.01.2013): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2013.04.0337.
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Qi, Shangwen, Xu Luo, Shuangfang Liu, Bishi Ling, Meilong Si i Hua Jin. "Effect of vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid in adults with essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis". BMJ Open 14, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): e074511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074511.
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ObjectivesThe objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing evidence-based practices.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesFive electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from their inception to 25 September 2023.OutcomesThe primary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline. The secondary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (24 hours SBP), 24-hour mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (24 hours DBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline.ResultsA total of 23 studies comparing five vitamins (vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid) and involving 2218 participants were included. The included trials were all vitamin versus placebo, so the network was star-shaped. Among the five vitamins, only vitamin E was significantly more effective at reducing SBP (mean difference: −14.14 mm Hg, 95% credible intervals: −27.62 to –0.88) than placebo. In addition, no evidence was found that any of the five vitamins influenced DBP, 24 hours SBP, 24 hours DBP, or HR. The dose of vitamins, geographical region and percentage of males (only SBP) might be sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of vitamin intervention on blood pressure varies according to different doses of vitamins.ConclusionsAccording to the results, vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce SBP, but more research is needed to validate this finding.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022352332.
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Hollander, Francis M., Nicole M. de Roos, Janneke Dopheide, Tiny Hoekstra i Ferdinand Teding van Berkhout. "Self-reported use of vitamins and other nutritional supplements in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Is daily practice in concordance with recommendations?" International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 80, nr 6 (1.12.2010): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000025.
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Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF), prophylactic supplementation of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K is recommended. Limited data is available describing vitamin prescription adherence by adult patients. The aim of this study was to assess the use of prescribed vitamins and other nutritional supplements by adult CF patients. Methods: All adult CF patients (n = 111) registered at the Utrecht CF Center were invited to participate in a telephone survey on supplement use. Supplemental vitamin intakes were compared with recommendations. In a subsample, associations between supplemental intake and serum vitamin D and E values were assessed. Results: In this study 80 % of the patients reported the use of vitamin and/or mineral supplements. Fat-soluble vitamins were used by 43 % of pancreatic-sufficient (PS) and 81 % of pancreatic-insufficient (PI) patients. Of PI patients reporting supplemental vitamin use, only 9 % met the recommendations for vitamin A, 32 % for vitamin D, 59 % for vitamin E, and 81 % for vitamin K. Multivitamin supplements were used by 42 % of PI and by 29 % of PS patients. Other nutritional supplements were rarely used.Conclusion: A high percentage of PI patients use fat-soluble vitamins below recommendations. Therefore adequate monitoring of vitamin supplementation and status is warranted.
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Jose, Rosmi, Venketeswaramurthy N i Sambath Kumar R. "A CRITICAL REVIEW ON HYPOTHESIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, AND ROLE OF VITAMINS IN ITS MANAGEMENT". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, nr 8 (7.08.2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.23259.
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This review describes about the literatures addressing the role of vitamin supplementation in schizophrenia. Evidence is suggesting that vitamin supplementation includes Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin B complex, and Vitamin C may be important in treatment. In schizophrenia, patients may have increased level of homocysteine (Hcy), due to the polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The vitamins main effects are reduced the Hcy level and maintain dopamine and serotonin levels. Add-on treatment with high-dose B vitamins including B6, B9, and B12 and also Vitamin D can significantly reduce symptoms of schizophrenia more than standard treatments alone.
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Serra-Majem, Lluís, Rosa Ortega, Javier Aranceta, Alfredo Entrala i Angel Gil. "Fortified foods. Criteria for vitamin supplementation in Spain". Public Health Nutrition 4, nr 6a (1.04.2001): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001211.
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AbstractObjective:To review and analyse criteria for vitamin supplementation and fortification in Spain.Design:Systematic review of scientific literature and simulation analysis of food fortification.Methods:A simulation analysis using a fortified beverage was performed in a random sample of 2855 children aged 2 to 24 years in Spain.Results:High-risk groups for vitamin supplementation and fortification in Spain are highlighted, and target vitamins considered have been: folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and vitamin B12 (particularly in the elderly). A beverage fortified with vitamins C, A, B1 and B6 may contribute to improving the intake of all of these vitamins with the exception of vitamin A, since the Recommended Nutrient Intake is already covered with current consumption.Conclusions:A detailed knowledge of nutritional status helps to ensure the rationale and follow up of nutrient supplementation and fortification.
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Mantle, David. "Nutritional supplementation for vitamin B12 and vitamin K2 deficiency following ileostomy or colostomy formation". Gastrointestinal Nursing 18, Sup4 (1.05.2020): S12—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2020.18.sup4.s12.
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Most dietary vitamins and minerals are absorbed from the duodenal and jejunal sections of the small bowel. The exceptions are vitamin B12 and vitamin K2, which are absorbed from the terminal ileum and colon respectively. Patients who have undergone ileostomy or colostomy procedures are at risk of deficiency of these vitamins, with associated risk of developing anaemia and nervous system dysfunction (vitamin B12), and bone weakening and cardiovascular disease (vitamin K2). Patients should therefore be monitored for deficiency of these vitamins, which may develop over a protracted period of time. Patients lacking the terminal ileum or colon can still absorb supplemental vitamins B12 or K2 given orally, provided a sufficient loading dose is given to facilitate absorption from the remaining gastrointestinal tract.
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Kotake-Nara, Eiichi, Shiro Komba i Megumi Hase. "Uptake of Vitamins D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7 Solubilized in Mixed Micelles by Human Intestinal Cells, Caco-2, an Enhancing Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on the Cellular Uptake, and Estimation of Vitamins D’ Biological Activities". Nutrients 13, nr 4 (29.03.2021): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041126.
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Vitamins D have various biological activities, as well as intestinal calcium absorption. There has been recent concern about insufficient vitamin D intake. In addition to vitamins D2 and D3, there are lesser-known vitamins D4–D7. We synthesized vitamins D5–D7, which are not commercially available, and then evaluated and compared the mixed micelles-solubilized vitamins D uptake by Caco-2 cells. Except for vitamin D5, the uptake amounts of vitamins D4–D7 by differentiated Caco-2 cells were similar to those of vitamins D2 and D3. The facilitative diffusion rate in the ezetimibe inhibited pathway was approximately 20% for each vitamin D type, suggesting that they would pass through the pathway at a similar rate. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhanced each vitamin D uptake by approximately 2.5-fold. Lysophosphatidylcholine showed an enhancing effect on vitamin D uptake by reducing the intercellular barrier formation of Caco-2 cells by reducing cellular cholesterol, suggesting that increasing the uptakes of vitamins D and/or co-ingesting them with lysophosphatidylcholine, would improve vitamin D insufficiency. The various biological activities in the activated form of vitamins D4–D7 were estimated by Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) online simulation. These may have some biological activities, supporting the potential as nutritional components.
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Onibala, Aurelia R., Christi D. Mambo i Angelina S. R. Masengi. "Peran Vitamin dalam Penanganan Penyakit Parkinson". JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) 13, nr 3 (2.08.2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.3.2021.31956.
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Abstrak: Penyakit Parkinson atau Parkinson’s disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang bersifat kronis, progresif, dan tidak dapat disembuhkan sehingga penyakit ini memiliki dampak sosial yang besar. Pengobatan yang digunakan saat ini tidak dapat menghentikan perjalanan PD dan memiliki efek samping yang merugikan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan terapi tambahan dengan risiko efek samping yang lebih rendah seperti vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui vitamin apa saja yang berperan dan bagaimana mekanisme peran vitamin tersebut dalam membantu penanganan PD. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review. Berdasarkan artikel yang dianalisis, vitamin memiliki peran dalam penanganan PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) bermanfaat melalui mekanisme neuroproteksi pada neuron dopaminergik. Vitamin B3 (niasin) berpotensi dalam mengurangi peradangan saraf. Vitamin B12 dalam penelitian in vitro berperan melalui mekanisme inhibisi terhadap agregasi α-synuclein, menghambat aktivitas kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), dan mencegah neurotoksisitas. Vitamin C (asam askorbat) efektif untuk menurunkan stres oksidatif. Vitamin E memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta dapat meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan total, dan meningkatkan GSH. Penggunaan vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (dalam dosis dan jangka waktu tertentu), dan vitamin E bermanfaat untuk agen terapeutik PD. Vitamin B12, berdasarkan literature review perlu penelitian lebih lanjut namun tampaknya dapat menjadi terapi pendukung PD.Kata kunci: Vitamin, Penyakit Parkinson, Stres Oksidatif, Peradangan Saraf Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable neurodegenerative disease that has a major social impact. The medications currently used cannot stop the course of PD and have adverse side effects. Therefore additional therapy with a lower risk of side effects such as vitamins is needed. This study aims to determine which vitamins play a role and how the mechanism of the role of these vitamins in helping treat PD. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method. Based on the articles analyzed, vitamins have a role in the management of PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) is beneficial through neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons. Vitamin B3 (niacin) has the potential to reduce nerve inflammation. Vitamin B12 in in vitro studies plays a role through inhibitory mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation, inhibits the activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and prevents neurotoxicity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is effective for reducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can increase the total antioxidant capacity and increase GSH. The use of vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (in certain doses and for a certain time), and vitamin E are beneficial for the therapeutic agent of PD. For vitamin B12, based on the literature review, further research is needed but seems to be a supportive therapy for PD.Keywords: Vitamins, Parkinson's Disease, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation
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Wilson, Louise R., Laura Tripkovic, Kathryn H. Hart i Susan A. Lanham-New. "Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2or vitamin D3in future fortification strategies". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, nr 3 (28.03.2017): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117000349.
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The role of vitamin D in supporting the growth and maintenance of the skeleton is robust; with recent research also suggesting a beneficial link between vitamin D and other non-skeletal health outcomes, including immune function, cardiovascular health and cancer. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, with a renewed focus in the UK following the publication of Public Health England's new Dietary Vitamin D Requirements. Natural sources of vitamin D (dietary and UVB exposure) are limited, and thus mechanisms are needed to allow individuals to achieve the new dietary recommendations. Mandatory or voluntary vitamin D food fortification may be one of the mechanisms to increase dietary vitamin D intakes and subsequently improve vitamin D status. However, for the food industry and public to make informed decisions, clarity is needed as to whether vitamins D2and D3are equally effective at raising total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations as the evidence thus far is inconsistent. This review summarises the evidence to date behind the comparative efficacy of vitamins D2and D3at raising 25(OH)D concentrations, and the potential role of vitamin D food fortification as a public health policy to support attainment of dietary recommendations in the UK. The comparative efficacy of vitamins D2and D3has been investigated in several intervention trials, with most indicating that vitamin D3is more effective at raising 25(OH)D concentrations. However, flaws in study designs (predominantly under powering) mean there remains a need for a large, robust randomised-controlled trial to provide conclusive evidence, which the future publication of the D2–D3Study should provide (BBSRC DRINC funded: BB/I006192/1). This review also highlights outstanding questions and gaps in the research that need to be addressed to ensure the most efficacious and safe vitamin D food fortification practices are put in place. This further research, alongside cost, availability and ethical considerations (vitamin D3is not suitable for vegans), will be instrumental in supporting government, decision-makers, industry and consumers in making informed choices about potential future vitamin D policy and practice.
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Alpsoy, L., G. Agar i M. Ikbal. "Protective role of vitamins A, C, and E against the genotoxic damage induced by aflatoxin B1 in cultured human lymphocytes". Toxicology and Industrial Health 25, nr 3 (kwiecień 2009): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233709106068.
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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamins A, C, and E against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The results indicated genotoxic and mutagenic damage in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to AFB1. The results showed that 5 μM concentration of AFB1 increased SCE. When vitamins A, C, and E were added to AFB1, the frequency of SCE decreased. These results suggest that vitamins A, C, and E could effectively inhibit AFB1-induced SCE, which may partially responsible for its mutagenic effect of AFB1. Besides, the protective effect of vitamins A, C, and E against AFB1 was increased in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., as the doses increased, their protective effects also increased). There was a significant decrease in the SCE frequency in AFB1-treated group compared with the groups receiving AFB1 and also vitamins A, C, and E. The most effective concentration was 100 microM vitamin C, and the lowest effective concentration was 0.5 microM vitamin A. Vitamin C has the most effective concentration of 100 μM, and vitamin A has the lowest effective concentration of 0.5 μM. The order of the decreasing effect of the SCE frequency of vitamins was as follows: vitamin C > vitamin E > vitamin A.
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Kihal, Abdelhacib, María Ercilda Rodríguez-Prado, Carles Cristofol i Sergio Calsamiglia. "Short Communication: Quantification of the Effect of Mycotoxin Binders on the Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins In Vitro". Animals 11, nr 8 (30.07.2021): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082251.
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The aim of this study was to determine the capacity of six mycotoxin binders (MTBs) to adsorb vitamins A, D and E in an in vitro system that simulates gastric and intestinal digestion. Experiment 1 evaluated the recovery rate of vitamins A, D and E in the incubation conditions. In Experiment 2, the main factors were the MTB (bentonite, clinoptilolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, active carbon and yeast cell walls), vitamins (A, D and E) and incubation type (vitamins incubated separately or together). The recovery was high for vitamin D (83%) and E (93%), but low for vitamin A (23%), for which no further analyses were conducted. When incubated separately, vitamin D was only adsorbed by yeast cell wall (20.2%). Vitamin E adsorption was highest with bentonite (54.5%) and montmorillonite (46.3%) and lowest with sepiolite (16.6%) and active carbon (18.5%). When incubated together, vitamin D was not adsorbed by any MTB. Vitamin E adsorption was highest in bentonite (61.8%) and montmorillonite (50.7%) and lowest in sepiolite (15.4%). Results indicate that the bioavailability of vitamin E, but not that of vitamin D, may be reduced in the presence of MTBs.
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Andini, Ary, Farah Nuriannisa, Gilang Nugraha, Nathalya Dwi Kartika Sari, Muslikha Nourma Rhomadhoni, Satya Nugraha Wirayudha, Eka Apriliani Maisurotun Sholeh, Audria Intan Faradita i Fika Dwi Wahyuningtiyas. "The effect of dietary antioxidant vitamins on malondialdehyde, white blood cells, and platelets". Bali Medical Journal 12, nr 2 (16.06.2023): 1892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4284.
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Introduction: Vitamins have a main role in controlling metabolism in the body and the immune system. Vitamins A, C, and E are known as antioxidant nutrients and vitamin D is essential for innate and adaptive immune function. This study is aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin intake regularly on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, white blood cell (WBCs) and platelet counts, and differences count of leukocyte Method: The study used 6 groups including the control group without intervention and the intervention group intake of one tablet of vitamin a day for 7 days which were divided into groups of vitamin A 2000 IU, vitamin C 1000 mg, vitamin D 400 IU, vitamin E 100 IU and multivitamins C 1000 mg and D 400 IU Results: Based on the study was explained that vitamins C, D, and E and multivitamins C and D were able to reduce MDA levels and leukocyte counts descriptively but not significantly. The differential leukocyte count has various levels depending on the type of vitamin. Conclusion: Therefore, the consumption of vitamins A, C, D, and E and multivitamins C and D had no significant effect on MDA levels, WBCs count, platelets count, and differential count of leukocyte.
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Ilina, M. B., i E. V. Sergunova. "The composition and content of some vitamins in the leaves of European dewberry (Rubus caesius L.) and aqueous extracts based on them". Farmaciya (Pharmacy) 73, nr 3 (6.06.2024): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2024-03-05.
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Introduction. Vitamins play an important role for the normal functioning of the human body. Some of them are synthesized by the microflora in the intestine, but most of them must enter the body from the outside. In addition to food, medicinal plant raw materials are also a source of vitamins. An example of such raw materials are the leaves of European dewberry, which have been little studied at the moment and are of interest for research. Objective. The study of the composition and content of vitamins in aqueous extraction from the leaves of European dewberry (Rubus caesius L.). Material and methods. The object of the study was an aqueous extraction from the leaves of European dewberry (infusion), prepared according to the rules for the preparation of infusions and decoctions specified in the GPM.1.4.1.0018 “Infusions and decoctions” SP XV. The detection and quantification of vitamins in the sample was carried out by the HPLC method, according to the GPM.1.2.3.0017.15 SP XIV on the Waters 1525 chromatograph. Results and discussion. During the study, 7 compounds were identified in the infusion of European dewberry leaves: vitamin C, vitamin P (rutin), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B9 (folic acid). The predominant compound in the studied object was ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the content of which is 67.79 mg%. The vitamin content was recalculated for dry raw materials. It has been shown that the amount of water-soluble vitamins and rutin in the leaves of European dewberry is 11.4 times higher than in the infusion. Conclusion. The composition and content of vitamins in the aqueous extraction from the leaves of the European dewberry by HPLC were determined. The presence of 5 B vitamins, ascorbic acid and rutin has been proven. This is the first time such research has been conducted. The leaves of the European dewberry are rich in water-soluble vitamins and rutin, and this raw material can be considered as a vitamin remedy.
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Mozos, Ioana, Dana Stoian i Constantin Tudor Luca. "Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness". Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8784971.
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Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.
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Ibrahim, Ibrahim H., S. M. Sallam, H. Omar i M. Rizk. "Oxidative Hemolysis of Erythrocytes Induced by Various Vitamins". International Journal of Biomedical Science 2, nr 3 (15.09.2006): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2006.2295.
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Hemolytic effect of some water-soluble vitamins (niacin B5, pyridoxine B6, thiamine B1 and ascorbic and acid C) on erythrocytes was studied spectrophotometrically at relatively high concentration. The oxidation mechanism of hemoglobin was the same for the used vitamins. Vitamin C was the strongest hemolytic agent in comparison with the other vitamins, while vitamin B1 is the weakest one. The results were confirmed by studying the variation in conductivity of erythrocytes with temperature in the range 20-40 °C for the used vitamins at a concentration of 2 mM and after two hours from adding each vitamin to the erythrocytes suspension. The conductivity measurements show that the conductivity for the used vitamins is lower than that for control (without adding vitamin) due to hemoglobin oxidation , also may be due to the electrical reorganization of the erythrocyte membrane after the interaction of the used vitamin with it. The obtained results insure the oxidizing effect of the used vitamins on hemoglobin and consequently their hemolytic effect on erythrocytes.
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Wang, Huakai, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang, Tuan Zhang i Yongxi Ma. "Effects of Pelleting and Long-Term High-Temperature Stabilization on Vitamin Retention in Swine Feed". Animals 12, nr 9 (20.04.2022): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091058.
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The objective of this study was to study the effect of pelleting and long-term high-temperature stabilization on the retention of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in swine feed. Piglet diets (diet 1 and 3) were pelleted after conditioning at 83 °C for 120 s, and were high-temperature stabilized at 90 °C for 8.5 min after pelleting; the finishing pig diets (diet 2, 4, and 5) were pelleted after conditioning at 82 °C for 90 s, and were high-temperature stabilized at 85 °C for 9 min after pelleting; the samples were obtained before condition, after condition, after pelleting, and after cooling. The contents of vitamin A and vitamin E in diets 1–5 and vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in diets 3–5 were detected. The results showed that: (1) the conditioning process had no significant effect on the retention of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in all experimental diets (p > 0.05); (2) the pelleting process and high-temperature stabilization process after pelleting had different degrees of influence on vitamins, among which the stabilization process had a more significant effect on the retention of vitamins. After pelleting and long-term high-temperature stabilization, the retention of vitamin A, vitamin E, and B2, and vitamin B6 were 68.8–77.3%, 56.9–90.1%, 63.8–70.3%, and 60.1–67.0%, respectively. In the process of pelleting and long-term high-temperature stabilization, the retention of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in the feed were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Therefore, vitamin loss during high temperature and over a long period of time is worth considering, and vitamins must be over-supplemented.
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El-Kholy, Mohamed Soliman, Zenat Abd El-Gawad Ibrahim, Mohamed Mamdoh El-Mekkawy i Mahmoud Alagawany. "Influence of in Ovo Administration of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins on Hatchability Traits, Growth, Carcass Traits and Blood Chemistry of Japanese Quails". Annals of Animal Science 19, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2018-0041.
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AbstractA total of 450 fertile Japanese quail eggs were used to determine the impacts of in ovo administration of water-soluble vitamins (C, B6 and B12) on the growth performance, carcass traits, hematological and biochemical blood parameters as well as the immune response of Japanese quails. On the 7th day of incubation, the eggs were allocated to five groups: un-injected, 0.1 ml/egg saline, 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 and 20 µg/egg vitamin B12. The percentage of early embryonic mortality was increased (P≤0.001) in all treated groups versus the control group. Chicks that hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C exhibited a significantly greater (P≤0.05) live body weight (LBW) than those from the control and saline groups. During 0–2 weeks of age, the chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamins displayed better feed conversion than the positive or negative controls. In ovo injection of vitamins had no significant effect on all carcass traits. In ovo injection with vitamins C, B6 and B12 increased plasma total protein and its fractions compared with the control. Plasma levels of total lipids and cholesterol were decreased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 or 20 µg/egg vitamin B12 compared with those hatched from control eggs. Plasma T3 and T4 were increased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamin C, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. The relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were significantly (P=0.002 or 0.003) increased in the birds hatched from eggs injected with vitamins compared with those in the control or saline group. Thus, in ovo injection of vitamins C, B6 and B12 improved the blood profile and immune response of Japanese quail.
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Sugibayashi, Kenji, Yuya Yoshida, Ryuichiro Suzuki, Kota Yoshizawa, Kenji Mori, Shoko Itakura, Kozo Takayama i Hiroaki Todo. "Physical Properties of an Ionic Liquid Composed of Two Water-Soluble Vitamins and Enhanced Skin Permeation of Both Vitamins". Pharmaceutics 12, nr 5 (6.05.2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050427.
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A highly viscous substance was prepared by evaporating an ethanol solution containing two hydrophilic vitamins; vitamin C, and vitamin B6. The viscous substance and physical mixture of the two vitamins were tested using a differential scanning calorimeter and an X-ray diffractometer. The highly viscous substance was found to be a liquid crystal (LC) made of these two hydrophilic vitamins. Determination by proton nuclear magnetic resonance measurement suggested that intramolecular hydrogen bonding in vitamin B6 was eliminated by the LC formation. This LC compound showed high solubility in 1,3-butanediol (almost 87%). Much higher skin permeation of both vitamin C and B6 was also observed from the LC compound than that from the physical mixture. The present LC compound containing vitamin C and vitamin B6 may be useful for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
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Patino-Alonso, Maria C., Marta Gómez Sánchez, Leticia Gómez Sánchez, Rosario Alonso-Domínguez, Natalia Sánchez-Aguadero, Benigna Sánchez Salgado, Emiliano Rodríguez Sánchez, Luis García Ortiz i Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos. "Multivariate Analysis of Influence of Vitamin Intake on Vascular Function Parameters by Sex in the General Spanish Population: EVA Study". Nutrients 12, nr 3 (28.02.2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030643.
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The influence of vitamin intake on vascular function parameters in the Spanish general population has not been studied. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of vitamin intake on vascular function and as a secondary objective the adequacy of vitamin intake in a sample of the Spanish population without previous cardiovascular disease and analyze the differences according to sex. Methods: We included 501 individuals obtained by simple random sampling with replacement (reference population 43,946). The average age was 55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men. Participants recorded the intake of vitamins using the EVIDENT app, previously validated, during a period of 3 days. Vascular function was assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with the SphygmoCor device, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with the VaSera device and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using a validated equation. Results: The vitamins with the least adequate intake was vitamin D, less than 5%, and vitamin B9, less than 35%. Vitamins with an adequate intake percentage, close to 100%, were B12 and B6. The multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between cfPWV and vitamin B2 in both sexes, and a positive one with retinol in men and B3 in women. baPWV was negatively associated with vitamins B1 and B12 in women and B9 in men, while being positively linked with B6 in men. CAVI presented a negative association with vitamin D in women. The results were similar in the canonical correspondence analysis. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the influence of vitamins on vascular function is not homogeneous and varies according to the parameter analyzed. Thus, in men, vitamins B2 and retinol were associated with cfPWV and vitamins B6 and B9 with baPWV. In women, vitamins B2 and B3 were related cfPWV, vitamins B1 and B12 with cfPWV and vitamin D with CAVI.
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Caruso, Francesco, Jens Z. Pedersen, Sandra Incerpi, Stuart Belli, Raiyan Sakib i Miriam Rossi. "Interaction between Vitamins C and E When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical Shown by Hydrodynamic Voltammetry and DFT". Biophysica 4, nr 2 (18.06.2024): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020022.
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In this study, we examine the cooperative effect between vitamins C and E that mitigates oxidative stress by using experimental and computational methods. We performed superoxide scavenging experiments on each vitamin individually and their combination using rotating ring–disk electrode voltammetry. The results indicate that vitamins E and C together produce more effective scavenging of superoxide as evaluated by a steeper slope in the efficiency graph, −7.2 × 104, compared to that of vitamin E alone, −1.8 × 103, or vitamin C alone, −1.3 × 104. Density Functional Theory calculations agree with our experimental results, and we describe a mechanism for the antioxidant action of individual vitamins E and C, plus the synergistic action when both vitamins interact. This process involves the restoration of vitamin E by vitamin C and includes π-π interactions between superoxide and scavengers. The overall result produces an increase in scavenging superoxide radicals when both vitamins act together.
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Hoffmann, Jessica, Stefan Busse, Franz von Hoff, Katrin Borucki, Thomas Frodl i Mandy Busse. "Association Between Homocysteine and Vitamin Levels in Demented Patients". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, nr 4 (15.06.2021): 1781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201481.
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Background: Although it is known that the nutritional status among elderly persons and, in particular, patients with dementia, is compromised, malnutrition that results in insufficient uptake of several vitamins is often not diagnosed. Objective: An elevated homocysteine level is a known strong risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 in 97 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or different forms of dementia and 54 elderly control persons without dementia. Results: Compared to aged non-demented people, vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate were decreased in serum of patients with AD, and patients with Lewy body dementia had reduced vitamin B12 level. Vitamin B6 was diminished in VaD. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed no alterations in vitamin levels. Age was identified as an important factor contributing to the concentrations of vitamin B1 and B6 in serum, but not vitamin B12 and folate. Increased levels of total homocysteine were detected especially in MCI and AD. Homocysteine correlated negatively with levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and positively with Q Albumin. Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite increased homocysteine already present in MCI, vitamin levels are decreased only in dementia. We propose to determine the vitamin levels in patients with cognitive decline, but also elderly people in general, and recommend supplementing these nutrients if needed.
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Tölgyesi, Ádám, Evelin Girincsi, Viktória Hermann, Andrea Simon i Mária Bálint. "Determination of fat-soluble vitamins A, D2, D3, E and K3 by isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS instrument assembly". Élelmiszervizsgálati Közlemények 68, nr 3 (2022): 3994–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.52091/evik-2022/3-2-eng.
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The purpose of our publication is the determination of the total amount (of natural origin and added) of fat-soluble vitamins A, D2, D3 and E in low amounts in foods (wheat flour, soft drinks, effervescent tablets) and dietary supplements using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The samples were diluted with isotope-labeled derivatives of the target components (vitamin A-d6, vitamin D2-d3, vitamin D3-d3, vitamin E-d6), and after extraction and saponification, they were purified by liquid-liquid extraction. After a solvent exchange, the concentration of the vitamins was determined on a C8 HPLC column using acidic mobile phases (0.1% formic acid in water/methanol) and LC-MS/MS technique. In dietary supplements, the analysis of the fat-soluble vitamin K3 may also be important, because the use of vitamin K3 is currently not approved in human formulations. During the determination of vitamin K3, saponification is not necessary, due to its structure, alkaline hydrolysis would lead to the decomposition of vitamin K3, so this component was analyzed by a method different from the one used for the other vitamins. LC-MS/MS analysis of small amounts of vitamin K3 is more complicated than that of other vitamins due to the low sensitivity of the MS instrument to vitamin K3. The determination of vitamin K3 was therefore carried out after chemical derivatization with L-cysteine as a derivatizing reagent, also with isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS technique. After intralaboratory validation, the methods were successfully used in domestic and international proficiency tests in infant formulas and liquid vitamin preparations.
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van Ballegooijen, Adriana J., Stefan Pilz, Andreas Tomaschitz, Martin R. Grübler i Nicolas Verheyen. "The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review". International Journal of Endocrinology 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7454376.
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Vitamins D and K are both fat-soluble vitamins and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence of the synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K on bone and cardiovascular health. Animal and human studies suggest that optimal concentrations of both vitamin D and vitamin K are beneficial for bone and cardiovascular health as supported by genetic, molecular, cellular, and human studies. Most clinical trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with bone health in postmenopausal women. Few intervention trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with cardiovascular-related outcomes. These limited studies indicate that joint supplementation might be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Current evidence supports the notion that joint supplementation of vitamins D and K might be more effective than the consumption of either alone for bone and cardiovascular health. As more is discovered about the powerful combination of vitamins D and K, it gives a renewed reason to eat a healthy diet including a variety of foods such as vegetables and fermented dairy for bone and cardiovascular health.
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Birn, Henrik. "The kidney in vitamin B12and folate homeostasis: characterization of receptors for tubular uptake of vitamins and carrier proteins". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, nr 1 (lipiec 2006): F22—F36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00385.2005.
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Over the past 10 years, animal studies have uncovered the molecular mechanisms for the renal tubular recovery of filtered vitamin and vitamin carrier proteins. Relatively few endocytic receptors are responsible for the proximal tubule uptake of a number of different vitamins, preventing urinary losses. In addition to vitamin conservation, tubular uptake by endocytosis is important to vitamin metabolism and homeostasis. The present review focuses on the receptors involved in renal tubular recovery of folate, vitamin B12, and their carrier proteins. The multiligand receptor megalin is important for the uptake and tubular accumulation of vitamin B12. During vitamin load, the kidney accumulates large amounts of free vitamin B12, suggesting a possible storage function. In addition, vitamin B12is metabolized in the kidney, suggesting a role in vitamin homeostasis. The folate receptor is important for the conservation of folate, mediating endocytosis of the vitamin. Interaction between the structurally closely related, soluble folate-binding protein and megalin suggests that megalin plays an additional role in the uptake of folate bound to filtered folate-binding protein. A third endocytic receptor, the intrinsic factor-B12receptor cubilin-amnionless complex, is essential to the renal tubular uptake of albumin, a carrier of folate. In conclusion, uptake is mediated by interaction with specific endocytic receptors also involved in the renal uptake of other vitamins and vitamin carriers. Little is known about the mechanisms regulating intracellular transport and release of vitamins, and whereas tubular uptake is a constitutive process, this may be regulated, e.g., by vitamin status.
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Fenti, Fenti, Agustinus Widodo i Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX OF EEL FISH (ANGUILLA MARMORATA (Q.) GAIMARD) ON ELVER PHASE ORIGIN LAKE POSO". Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, nr 2 (10.01.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/gjgk.v2i2.11321.
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Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.
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Cuomo, Francesca, Giuseppe Cinelli, Catalina Chirascu, Emanuele Marconi i Francesco Lopez. "Antioxidant Effect of Vitamins in Olive Oil Emulsion". Colloids and Interfaces 4, nr 2 (29.05.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4020023.
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In this study, water-in-extra virgin olive oil emulsions were enriched with vitamins. Water-in oil emulsions are heterogeneous systems able to solubilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Thus, hydrophilic vitamin C and lipophilic vitamin E were loaded separately or together in emulsion. A suitable emulsion composition was selected after considering different surfactant (mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, E471; sorbitan monooleate, Span 80; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, Tween 80) and water concentrations. The most appropriate emulsion, for the high stability, resulted the one containing concentrations of Span 80 1% w/w and water 1% w/w. The antioxidant effect of vitamins in emulsions was studied considering the variation of the peroxide values during storage. The oxidation reaction was slowed down in emulsions containing vitamin C, but it was quickened by the loading of vitamin E for its high concentration. In emulsions containing vitamin E, indeed, the peroxide values were higher than in emulsions prepared in the absence of vitamins or in oil. The antioxidant activity generated by the co-loading of vitamin C and E was very effective to the point that in presence of high amounts of vitamins the peroxide values did not change in about 40 days of storage, due to the vitamin E regeneration by vitamin C.
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Csapó, J., Cs Albert i J. Prokisch. "The role of vitamins in the diet of the elderly II. Water-soluble vitamins". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 10, nr 1 (1.10.2017): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausal-2017-0010.
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AbstractFollowing a presentation of humans’ water-soluble vitamin requirements, the authors will discuss in detail the role these vitamins play in human organism and outline those major biochemical processes that are negatively affected in the body in case of vitamin deficiency. They point out that in the elderly population of developed countries cases of water-soluble vitamin deficiency are extremely rare and they are due to the lack of dietary vitamin, but mostly to the vitamin being released from its bindings, the difficulty of free vitamin absorption, gastrointestinal problems, medication, and often alcoholism. Among water-soluble vitamins, B12is the only one with a sufficient storage level in the body, capable of preventing deficiency symptoms for a long period of time in cases of vitamin-deficient nutrition. Each type of vitamin is dealt with separately in discussing the beneficial outcomes of their overconsumption regarding health, while the authors of the article also present cases with contradictory results. Daily requirements are set forth for every water-soluble vitamin and information is provided on the types of nutrients that help us to the water-soluble vitamins essential for the organism.
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Varsamis, Nikolaos, Georgios A. Christou, Christos Derdemezis, Alexandros Tselepis i Dimitrios Kiortsis. "The Associations of Dietary Vitamin K Intake and Circulating Vitamin 25(OH)D with Serum Lipoprotein Levels: The Vitamin Deficiency Matters". Hormone and Metabolic Research 55, nr 03 (27.02.2023): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2020-2080.
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AbstractA synergistic interplay between vitamins K and D appears to exist. We aimed to investigate for the first time whether the associations of dietary vitamin K intake and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoprotein levels are influenced by the existence of deficiency of either or both vitamins K and D. Sixty individuals [24 males, 36(18–79) years old] were examined. Vitamin deficiency of K1 and D were defined as vitamin K1 intake/body weight (BW)<1.00 μg/kg/day and circulating 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml, respectively. In individuals with vitamin K1 deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=0.509, p=0.008) and negatively with serum triglycerides (TG) (r=–0.638, p=0.001), whereas circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=–0.609, p=0.001). In individuals with vitamin D deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with HDL-C (r=0.533, p=0.001) and negatively with TG (r=–0.421, p=0.009), while circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=–0.458, p=0.004). The above-mentioned associations of vitamin K1 intake/BW and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoproteins were not detected in individuals without vitamin K1 deficiency or the ones without vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin K2 intake/BW correlated negatively with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=–0.404, p=0.001). In conclusion, the associations of vitamin K1 intake with TG and HDL-C and of circulating 25(OH)D with TG were more pronounced in individuals with deficiency of either or both vitamins K1 and D. Increased dietary vitamin K2 intake was associated with decreased LDL-C.
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Cazacu, Nicoleta, Claudia G. Chilom, Melinda David i Monica Florescu. "Conformational Changes in the BSA-LT4 Complex Induced by the Presence of Vitamins: Spectroscopic Approach and Molecular Docking". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 8 (11.04.2022): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084215.
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Levothyroxine (LT4) is known for its use in various conditions including hypothyroidism. LT4 interaction with serum albumin may be influenced by the presence of vitamins. For this reason, we investigated the effect of vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folic acid on the complex of Bovine Serum Albumin with LT4 (BSA-LT4). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the influence of vitamins on the BSA-LT4 complex. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a static quenching mechanism of the fluorescence of BSA-LT4 complex by the vitamin C and folic acid and a combined mechanism for vitamin B12. The interaction of vitamin C and folic acid with BSA-LT4 was moderate, while the binding of vitamin B12 was much stronger, extending the storage time of LT4 in blood plasma. Synchronous fluorescence found that the vitamins were closer to the vicinity of Trp than to Tyr and the effect was more pronounced for the binding of vitamin B12. The thermal stability of the BSA-LT4 complex was more evident, but no influence on the stability of BSA-LT4 complex was obtained for vitamin C. Molecular docking studies showed that vitamin C and folic acid bound the same site of the protein, while vitamin B12 bonded to a different site.
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Meyers, David G., i Pierre A. Maloley. "The Antioxidant Vitamins: Impact on Atherosclerosis". Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 13, nr 6 (12.11.1993): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1993.tb02760.x.
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Atherosclerosis, the great killer of Western society, probably is initiated when the balance of subendothelial lipoproteins and oxidation potential is upset. Oxidation products, especially oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, set into motion the cascading of numerous pathways, culminating in the fibrous atherosclerotic plaque. The natural antioxidant system includes enzymes and vitamins A, E, and C. The lipophilic vitamins A and E protect the fatty acid components of lipoproteins and membranes, and vitamin C functions in the aqueous phase both directly and by regenerating oxidized vitamin E. In animal models, the antioxidant vitamins protect lipids and prevent atherosclerosis. Population studies suggest an inverse relationship between atherosclerosis and vitamin levels. Several observational studies and some clinical trials have demonstrated that antioxidant vitamin supplements may prevent atherosclerosis. Although approximately 20% of the United States population regularly consumes vitamin supplements, often in high doses, the antiatherogenic benefits of antioxidant vitamins remain unproved by clinical trials, and the long‐term effects of megadose vitamins are yet undefined.
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Salman Bin Dayel, Salman Bin, i Ramadan S. Hussein. "Vitamin Deficiencies and Their Impact on Skin Function". International Journal of Biomedicine 13, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article13(2)_ra4.
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Vitamins are essential dietary items because of their functions as enzyme cofactors and catalysts in the body. Vitamin deficiency can significantly impact the skin, leading to a variety of dermatological problems, such as dryness, premature aging, hyperpigmentation, palmoplantar keratoderma, and even nail disorders. Alcoholism, rigid diets, inadequate parental nourishment, and intestinal absorption issues may all be factors in vitamin deficits. The most commonly deficient vitamins in relation to skin health are vitamin A, biotin, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Vitamin A helps to maintain the skin's barrier function and promote skin cell growth, while biotin helps to support the skin's underlying structure. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and skin brightening, and vitamin D is a crucial nutrient for overall health, including the skin. A balanced and varied diet and proper skin care can help prevent and address vitamin deficiencies, keeping the skin healthy and radiant. This review examines the most common vitamin deficiencies and their impact on the skin.
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Ko, Joungbo, Choongsung Yoo, Dante Xing, Drew E. Gonzalez, Victoria Jenkins, Broderick Dickerson, Megan Leonard i in. "Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Liposomal and Non-Liposomal Multivitamin/Mineral Formulations". Nutrients 15, nr 13 (7.07.2023): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133073.
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Recent research supports previous contentions that encapsulating vitamins and minerals with liposomes help improve overall bioavailability. This study examined whether ingesting a liposomal multivitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) differentially affects the appearance and/or clearance of vitamins and minerals in the blood compared to a non-liposomal MVM supplement. In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced manner, 34 healthy men and women fasted for 12 h. Then, they ingested a non-liposomal (NL) or liposomal (L) MVM supplement and a standardized snack. Venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after MVM ingestion and analyzed for a panel of vitamins and minerals. Plasma levels of vitamins and minerals and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using general linear model statistics with repeated measures. The observed values were also entered into pharmacokinetic analysis software and analyzed through univariate analysis of variance with repeated measure contrasts. The results revealed an overall treatment x time interaction effect among the vitamins and minerals evaluated (p = 0.051, ηp2 = 0.054, moderate effect). Differences between treatments were also observed in volume distribution area (vitamin E, iron), median residence time (vitamin E, iron), volume distribution area (iron), volume of distribution steady state (vitamin A, E, iron), clearance rates (vitamin A, E), elimination phase half-life (vitamin E, iron), distribution/absorption phase intercept (vitamin A), and distribution/absorption phase slope and rate (vitamin C, calcium). Vitamin volume distribution was lower with liposomal MVM ingestion than non-liposomal MVM sources, suggesting greater clearance and absorption since similar amounts of vitamins and minerals were ingested. These findings indicate that coating a MVM with liposomes affects individual nutrient pharmacokinetic profiles. Additional research should evaluate how long-term supplementation of liposomal MVM supplements may affect vitamin and mineral status, nutrient function, and/or health outcomes.
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BİLGİLİ, Ali, i Onur ALAÇIK. "Levels of Vitamin D in Some Vitamin D Veterinary Preparations Kept in Different Storage Conditions". ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, nr 2 (15.06.2022): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol6iss2id287.
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Bu çalışmada, enjektabl preparatlarda vitamin D 3'ün stabilitesi için uygun saklama koşullarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Enjekte edilebilir D vitamini preparatlarında vitamin D 3'ün farklı saklama koşulları altında zamana göre değişimleri belirlendi. Mühürsüz (analizin 0. gününde müstahzar mührü açılmış, diğer günlerde analizler için aynı müstahzar kullanılmıştır) ve mühürlü müstahzarlarda (her analiz gününde yeni müstahzar mührü açılarak analiz yapılmıştır) vitamin D analizleri yapılmıştır. 0, 7, 14, 28 ve 56. günlerde güncel ABD Farmakopesinin değiştirilmiş ve doğrulanmış bir yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. D3 vitamini değişikliklerinin 4 °C'de saklama koşulları altında 25 °C'ye göre daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. D vitamini oranı 3Mühürsüz müstahzarlardaki değişiklikler, farklı saklama koşulları altındaki mühürlü müstahzarlara kıyasla önemli ölçüde arttı. Sonuç olarak, enjekte edilebilir vitamin preparatları açıldıktan sonra, oda sıcaklığında ve ışıksız çevre koşullarında uygun şekilde saklanabilmektedir.
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Dudar, I., Y. Gonchar, V. Savchuk i O. Loboda. "Blood vitamins status in patients with stages 2-5 chronic kidney disease". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, nr 2(58) (5.06.2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(58).2018.05.
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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to development hypovitaminosis due to dietary constraints, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, comorbid conditions, etc. Determination of vitamins level in patients with CKD will allow timely correction of their deficiency, prevent the development of hypervitaminosis and reduce oxidative stress. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of vitamins depending on the stage of CKD.
Methods. Vitamin D levels (level 25-hydroxyvitamin D), A, E, B12, K, folic acid were determined in 44patients with CKD stages II-V(mean age 54,63 ± 2,63 years, 24 men 55%). According to the study, patients should not have received any drugs or biologically active additives containing vitamins for 3 months.
Results. There was no significant difference in the level of studied vitamins in CKD st. II-III. There was a significant decrease in the levels of vitamin K, folic acid, and vitamin D levels with the progression of CKD. Vitamin A levels in CKD st. IV, V compared to CKD st. II were significantly higher. Considering large number drugs containing vitamins and trace elements and wide uncontrolled use in the population, in particular in patients with CKD, it is important to continue to study the levels of vitamins and trace elements in patients at different stages of the CKD, depending on the CKD nosology. Study of efficiency and safety applying vitamins in patients with CKD, particularly in the late stages of CKD, are appropriate.
Conclusions. For patients with CKD characteristic of vitamins deficiency (in our study vitamin K, folic acid), but also an increase in their levels (vitamins A and E). Progression of CKD is accompanied by a change in the levels of vitamins. A significant decrease in the level of vitamin K, folic acid, vitamin D was notedfor patients with GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2.
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Koprivica, Marko, i Svetlana Kašiković-Lečić. "Causes, consequences, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in humans". Medicinski casopis 57, nr 3 (2023): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mckg57-43860.
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This group of vitamins consists of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, which are synthesized in the body of some invertebrates and plants, but also in the human body. Ultraviolet rays cause vitamin D to integrate under the skin. The vitamin is transported via specific proteins to all parts of the body, where it performs numerous roles. The low level of vitamin D in blood is a current public health problem. Vitamin D deficiency is especially pronounced among the elderly and obese. Currently, vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in bone and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, malignant, autoimmune and allergies diseases. That is why it is extremely essential to establish and correct the deficiency of this vitamin in a timely manner. Compensation can be done partly through food, but also through oral supplements, and in more severe cases, by intramuscular administration of vitamins.