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Azevedo, Fernanda Reis de, i Bruno Caramelli. "Hypovitaminosis D and Obesity—Coincidence or Consequence?" US Endocrinology 09, nr 01 (2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2013.09.01.40.
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Vitamin D has attracted much scientific interest in recent years, mostly due to its newly described roles in metabolism regulation and cell proliferation. Along with hypovitaminosis D, the incidence of obesity has risen and has become a public health concern. The association between these two conditions is not merely coincidence and is being deeply investigated regarding its prevalence, mechanism, and even a possible causal relation. The data are still inconclusive but there is important evidence indicating that vitamin D is involved with fat accumulation, the responsible mechanism however still the principal question. The three main hypotheses are: adipose tissue sequestration, genetic modulation, such as polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), or an organism evolutionary adaptation to cold weather. In conclusion, more evidence is needed to determine what the correct direction of this connection is and the possible therapeutic strategies of vitamin D replenishment and obesity control.
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Carazo, Alejandro, Kateřina Macáková, Kateřina Matoušová, Lenka Kujovská Krčmová, Michele Protti i Přemysl Mladěnka. "Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity". Nutrients 13, nr 5 (18.05.2021): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051703.
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Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, most of which are provitamin A. Vitamin A plays a key role in the correct functioning of multiple physiological functions. The human organism can metabolize natural forms of vitamin A and provitamin A into biologically active forms (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), which interact with multiple molecular targets, including nuclear receptors, opsin in the retina and, according to the latest research, also some enzymes. In this review, we aim to provide a complex view on the present knowledge about vitamin A ranging from its sources through its physiological functions to consequences of its deficiency and metabolic fate up to possible pharmacological administration and potential toxicity. Current analytical methods used for its detection in real samples are included as well.
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GARG, RAVENDRA, NIRPENDRA SINGH i ANURADHA DUBE. "Intake of nutrient supplements affects multiplication ofLeishmania donovaniin hamsters". Parasitology 129, nr 6 (18.11.2004): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006055.
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The role of the essential nutrients, vitamins A,B (complex), C and E and iron, as prophylactic as well as supportive therapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL), was studied in hamsters. Prophylactic administration of vitamin C (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg) from day15 to day 0 (15 doses) significantly reduced the intake ofLeishmania donovaniin hamsters but had no therapeutic effect. In contrast, vitamins A,B complex and E and iron, whether used prophylactically or therapeutically, promoted parasite multiplication. The efficacy of sodium stibogluconate, a reference antileishmanial drug, was appreciably improved in animals administered prophylactically with vitamin C. However, supplementation of vitamin C during established infections resulted in reduced drug action. The results show that the prophylactic use of vitamin C may prevent the onset of leishmania infection and cautions against the indiscriminate use of nutrient supplements such as vitamin A, B complex, and E and iron in VL endemic areas.
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M. Fletcher, Jean, Sharee A. Basdeo, Aideen C. Allen i Padraic J. Dunne. "Therapeutic Use of Vitamin D and its Analogues in Autoimmunity". Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 6, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221312798889239.
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Zbinden, Gerhard. "THERAPEUTIC USE OF VITAMIN B1 IN DISEASES OTHER THAN BERIBERI". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 98, nr 2 (15.12.2006): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30576.x.
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Jovic, Thomas H., Stephen R. Ali, Nader Ibrahim, Zita M. Jessop, Sam P. Tarassoli, Thomas D. Dobbs, Patrick Holford, Catherine A. Thornton i Iain S. Whitaker. "Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19?" Nutrients 12, nr 9 (23.08.2020): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092550.
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There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The role of vitamin and mineral supplementation or “immunonutrition” has previously been explored in a number of clinical trials in intensive care settings, and there are several hypotheses to support their routine use. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate whether vitamin supplementation is beneficial in COVID-19. A systematic search strategy with a narrative literature summary was designed, using the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials Register, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry, and Nexis media databases. The immune-mediating, antioxidant and antimicrobial roles of vitamins A to E were explored and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19 was evaluated. The major topics extracted for narrative synthesis were physiological and immunological roles of each vitamin, their role in respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and COVID-19. Vitamins A to E highlighted potentially beneficial roles in the fight against COVID-19 via antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, enhancing natural barriers, and local paracrine signaling. Level 1 and 2 evidence supports the use of thiamine, vitamin C, and vitamin D in COVID-like respiratory diseases, ARDS, and sepsis. Although there are currently no published clinical trials due to the novelty of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is pathophysiologic rationale for exploring the use of vitamins in this global pandemic, supported by early anecdotal reports from international groups. The final outcomes of ongoing trials of vitamin supplementation are awaited with interest.
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Thabet, Romany H., Adel A. Gomaa, Laila M. Matalqah i Erin M. Shalaby. "Vitamin D: an essential adjuvant therapeutic agent in breast cancer". Journal of International Medical Research 50, nr 7 (lipiec 2022): 030006052211138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221113800.
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Low serum levels of vitamin D have been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. This narrative review provides an update on the impact of vitamin D on hormone receptors, notably estrogen receptor subunits, and gives insights on possible therapeutic interventions to overcome breast cancer. In addition, evidence that supports the beneficial use of vitamin D as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer is summarized. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly widespread in patients with triple-negative tumors. Several studies have observed a possible modulatory effect of vitamin D or its analogues on the expression of different hormone receptors in breast cancer and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen. Vitamin D possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in patients with breast cancer, and the mechanism of action of vitamin D in patients with breast cancer is discussed. In conclusion, vitamin D appears to have a beneficial role in the prevention and management of breast cancer, however, large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects of vitamin D in breast cancer prevention or treatment.
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Khodjaeva, Zulfiya A. "THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY DORSALGIA". Oriental Journal of Medicine and Pharmacology 02, nr 02 (1.04.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojmp-02-02-01.
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After analyzing the effectiveness of SWT and vitamin D in the complex treatment of patients with dorsalgia, we came to the conclusion that the use of SWT is safe and effective, has an analgesic systemic effect, which normalizes local microcirculation and makes it possible to reduce the dose of prescribed drugs, reducing the risk of side effects of NSAIDs. in patients with dorsalgia of inflammatory origin.
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Mekky, Radwa Y., Noha M. Elemam, Omar Eltahtawy, Yousra Zeinelabdeen i Rana A. Youness. "Evaluating Risk: Benefit Ratio of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation to SARS-CoV-2-Infected Autoimmune and Cancer Patients: Do Vitamin–Drug Interactions Exist?" Life 12, nr 10 (20.10.2022): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12101654.
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COVID-19 is a recent pandemic that mandated the scientific society to provide effective evidence-based therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment for such a global threat, especially to those patients who hold a higher risk of infection and complications, such as patients with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent research has examined the role of various fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) in reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection. Studies showed that deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins abrogates the immune system, thus rendering individuals more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, another line of evidence showed that supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins during the course of infection enhances the viral clearance episode by promoting an adequate immune response. However, more thorough research is needed to define the adequate use of vitamin supplements in cancer and autoimmune patients infected with COVID-19. Moreover, it is crucial to highlight the vitamin–drug interactions of the COVID-19 therapeutic modalities and fat-soluble vitamins. With an emphasis on cancer and autoimmune patients, the current review aims to clarify the role of fat-soluble vitamins in SARS-CoV-2 infection and to estimate the risk-to-benefit ratio of a fat-soluble supplement administered to patients taking FDA-approved COVID-19 medications such as antivirals, anti-inflammatory, receptor blockers, and monoclonal antibodies.
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Ræder, Helge, Nick Shaw, Coen Netelenbos i Robert Bjerknes. "A case of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: complications and the therapeutic use of cinacalcet". European Journal of Endocrinology 159, suppl_1 (grudzień 2008): S101—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0383.
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In hypophosphatemic rickets, there are both inherited and acquired forms, where X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most prevalent genetic form and caused by mutations in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase (PHEX) gene. XLH is associated with growth retardation and bone deformities. The renal tubular cells have an important role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, where the 1α-hydroxylase enzyme metabolizes the conversion of 25 (OH)-vitamin D to potent 1,25 (OH)2-vitamin D, whereas the sodium–phosphate transporter controls tubular phosphate reabsorption. The pathophysiological defect in XLH is speculated to cause an increase in a circulating phosphate regulating hormone termed phosphatonin (fibroblast growth factor 23 is the primary phosphatonin candidate), which leads to inhibition of 1α-hydroxylase, and simultaneously to inhibition of the sodium–phosphate transporter domain NPT2c leading to parathyroid hormone-independent phosphaturia. Hence, current treatment of XLH is 1,25 (OH)2-vitamin D or the vitamin D analog alfacalcidol and elementary phosphorus. Unfortunately, patients with XLH may develop nephrocalcinosis, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, and in some situations also hypertension and cardiovascular abnormalities. We describe a patient with XLH caused by a novel missense mutation in the PHEX gene, who on treatment with alfacalcidol and oral phosphate had normal growth and minimal bone deformities, but who subsequently developed moderate nephrocalcinosis, significant hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and hypertension. We also report the use of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet in the successful treatment of hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism.
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Lathief, Sanam, i Lubna Pal. "Advances in Treatment Options for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". US Endocrinology 08, nr 01 (2012): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2012.08.01.57.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy seen in women of reproductive age. Clinical concerns relating to PCOS range from ovulatory infertility and menstrual disorders to risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hormonal contraceptives have been the mainstay of the management of common PCOS symptoms, such as menstrual irregularity and clinical stigmata of androgen excess (i.e., hirsutism and acne). An appreciation of the relevance of metabolic pathways in the pathophysiology of PCOS is relatively recent, and has translated into an expansion of the therapeutic strategies available for the management of PCOS. Insulin sensitizers were one of the first metabolic modulators to be incorporated in the clinical management paradigm, albeit with mixed results. Recognizing that insulin resistance is central to the pathophysiology of PCOS, newer agents—e.g., thiazolidinediones— followed, with almost comparable efficacy to metformin. Statins and most recently incretins constitute novel therapies with distinct metabolic targets that seem to hold promise in the management of PCOS. In tandem with the expansion in pharmaceuticals, a host of complementary and alternative medical therapies have generated interest for purported promise in the management of PCOS, including vitamin D, acarbose, and myo-inositol. The therapeutic options for managing PCOS-related infertility have also expanded. Clomiphene citrate (CC) has long been the first-line strategy for ovulation induction in the setting of anovulatory infertility; however, aromatase inhibitors are fast gaining acceptance as an ovulation induction strategy, with results comparable or even better than those seen with CC. An increasing level of therapeutic sophistication is reflected in ovarian stimulation protocols judiciously using gonadotropins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, the procedure of ovarian drilling, and assisted reproductive technologies within vitrooocyte maturation.
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Donaldson, CJ, i DJ Harrington. "Therapeutic warfarin use and the extrahepatic functions of vitamin K-dependent proteins". British Journal of Biomedical Science 74, nr 4 (28.06.2017): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2017.1336854.
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Nalyotov, Andrew V., Tatjana I. Shapchenko i Dmitrij I. Masjuta. "The efficiency of vitamin D using in the formation of food tolerance to cow’s milk protein in children with food allergy". Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 10, nr 4 (5.12.2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped10425-29.
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The problem of vitamin D deficiency is one of the most actual today, because, according to the results of numerous studies, its deficiency is registered in half the worlds population. The article presents the results of a study on the level of vitamin D in children of first year of life, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy, as well as in children who have formed a secondary food tolerance to this allergen. In the article was evaluated the effectiveness of the additional use of vitamin D against the background of the therapeutic dairy-free diet use. It was found that the 57.1 4.8% children of first year of life with cows milk proteins allergy have vitamin D insufficiency. Normal vitamin D level was found in only 36.2 4.7% of patients. In turn, vitamin D deficiency was found in 6.7 2.4% children, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy. It was found that the additional daily intake of vitamin D on the background of the use of therapeutic dairy-free diet may reduce the time of development of food tolerance to cows milk proteins and achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance for the three years in 92.0 3.8% of children with cows milk proteins allergy. It was found, that the use of only therapeutic dairy-free diet allows to achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance only in 76.0 6.0% children (p 0.05). The normal level of vitamin D were established in 97.6 1.7 % children, formed a secondary food tolerance to cows milk proteins.
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Sánchez-Moreno, Concepción, Antonio Jiménez-Escrig i Antonio Martín. "Stroke: roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidants". Nutrition Research Reviews 22, nr 1 (czerwiec 2009): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422409990023.
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In the present review concerning stroke, we evaluate the roles of B vitamins, homocysteine and antioxidant vitamins. Stroke is a leading cause of death in developed countries. However, current therapeutic strategies for stroke have been largely unsuccessful. Several studies have reported important benefits on reducing the risk of stroke and improving the post-stroke-associated functional declines in patients who ate foods rich in micronutrients, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins E and C. Folic acid, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are all cofactors in homocysteine metabolism. Growing interest has been paid to hyperhomocysteinaemia as a risk factor for CVD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been linked to inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly to B-group vitamins and therefore may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Hence, poor dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6and vitamin B12are associated with increased risk of stroke. Elevated consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to protect against stroke. Antioxidant nutrients have important roles in cell function and have been implicated in processes associated with ageing, including vascular, inflammatory and neurological damage. Plasma vitamin E and C concentrations may serve as a biological marker of lifestyle or other factors associated with reduced stroke risk and may be useful in identifying those at high risk of stroke. After reviewing the observational and intervention studies, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and some conflicting findings; therefore the available evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C for the prevention of stroke. A better understanding of mechanisms, along with well-designed controlled clinical trials will allow further progress in this area.
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Richard, Seidu A., Marian Sackey i Nii Korley Kortei. "Exploring the Pivotal Neurophysiologic and Therapeutic Potentials of Vitamin C in Glioma". Journal of Oncology 2021 (14.12.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6141591.
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Gliomas represent solely primary brain cancers of glial cell or neuroepithelial origin. Gliomas are still the most lethal human cancers despite modern innovations in both diagnostic techniques as well as therapeutic regimes. Gliomas have the lowest overall survival rate compared to other cancers 5 years after definitive diagnosis. The dietary intake of vitamin C has protective effect on glioma risk. Vitamin C is an essential compound that plays a vital role in the regulation of lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase activity. Neurons store high levels of vitamin C via sodium dependent-vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) to protect them from oxidative ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vitamin C is a water-soluble enzyme, typically seen as a powerful antioxidant in plants as well as animals. The key function of vitamin C is the inhibition of redox imbalance from reactive oxygen species produced via the stimulation of glutamate receptors. Gliomas absorb vitamin C primarily via its oxidized dehydroascorbate form by means of GLUT 1, 3, and 4 and its reduced form, ascorbate, by SVCT2. Vitamin C is able to preserve prosthetic metal ions like Fe2+ and Cu+ in their reduced forms in several enzymatic reactions as well as scavenge free radicals in order to safeguard tissues from oxidative damage. Therapeutic concentrations of vitamin C are able to trigger H2O2 generation in glioma. High-dose combination of vitamin C and radiation has a much more profound cytotoxic effect on primary glioblastoma multiforme cells compared to normal astrocytes. Control trials are needed to validate the use of vitamin C and standardization of the doses of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with glioma.
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Dubenko, Svetlana E. "Effectiveness of the use of specialized food item among copper industry workers". Hygiene and sanitation 100, nr 3 (16.04.2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-254-260.
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Introduction. Maintaining health and job longevity and decrease in the Russian working population’s occupational morbidity rate remains a current trend in public policy in health care. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new specialized food item with the following definition: “Fruit and vegetable Nectar, enriched with dietary fiber, pectin and vitamins” (from now on “Nectar”) as being healthy nutrition for individuals of auxiliary workshops of the copper industry. Materials and methods. Thirty-four workers participated in the research. The questionnaire, clinical and laboratory as well as statistical methods were applied. Results. Workers’ diet involved a high proportion of fats (44.6% of the total dietary calories) and insufficient food items sources of ascorbic acid. The share of individuals with an inadequate nutritional supply of vitamins A, C, B1, B2, and PP was 32.6%, 46.9%, 75.5%, 81.6%, and 79.6%, respectively. Low concentration of ascorbic acid in the blood serum (in 32.7% of workers) and normal concentration of vitamin A and B1 in blood were demonstrated in surveyed workers in the winter. The effectiveness of course consumption of Nectar specialized drink was shown in workers. Resulting from its consumption for three or more weeks, statistically significant positive alterations were observed in vitamin status (vitamin A and C), antioxidant defense system (in terms of peroxidase and MDA), together with a subjective health assessment in terms of work capacity and fatigue. Consumption of Nectar reduced cadmium content to environmentally safe level** in workers with high level of cadmium in blood. Conclusion. Nectar may be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic food item for workers exposed to heavy metals.
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Vorobyova, М. Р., i E. Р. Karpova. "Use of vitamin D to prevent recurrent otitis media in children". Medical Council, nr 2 (16.02.2019): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-259-263.
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This article addresses the problem of recurrent otitis media (ROM) in children. The study was aimed to increase the clinical efficacy of prophylactic treatment of ROM in children. The study showed that the children diagnosed with ROM had significantly lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels as compared to the healthy children. The follow-up observation and treatment of children with ROM allowed for the conclusion that all children at risk of ROM required the systemic examination of serum 25(OH) vitamin D and further therapeutic and prophylactic management.
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Kurushina, O. V., A. E. Barulin i O. I. Agarkova. "Use of parenteral vitamin B complexes in treatment of polyneuropathy". Medical Council, nr 18 (17.11.2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-18-62-66.
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The article considers the ethiological factors for the formation of such a widespread disease of the peripheral nervous system as polyneuropathy. The classification, modern approaches to the diagnosis of various types of diseases are presented. The authors emphasize on the therapeutic approaches to the treatment of such common forms as diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies. Particular attention is paid to the complex of B vitamins. The effectiveness and safety of the injectable form of vitamins for the therapy of polyneuropathies are demonstrated.
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Perumpail, Brandon, Andrew Li, Nimy John, Sandy Sallam, Neha Shah, Waiyee Kwong, George Cholankeril, Donghee Kim i Aijaz Ahmed. "The Role of Vitamin E in the Treatment of NAFLD". Diseases 6, nr 4 (24.09.2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040086.
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There has been a growing interest in the role of vitamin E supplementation in the treatment and/or prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review of the medical literature from inception through 15 June 2018 by utilizing PubMed and searching for key terms such as NAFLD, vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Data from studies and medical literature focusing on the role of vitamin E therapy in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were reviewed. Most studies assessing the impact of vitamin E in NAFLD were designed to evaluate patients with NASH with documented biochemical and histological abnormalities. These studies demonstrated improvement in biochemical profiles, with a decline in or normalization of liver enzymes. Furthermore, histological assessment showed favorable outcomes in lobular inflammation and hepatic steatosis following treatment with vitamin E. Current guidelines regarding the use of vitamin E in the setting of NAFLD recommend that vitamin E-based treatment be restricted to biopsy-proven nondiabetic patients with NASH only. However, some concerns have been raised regarding the use of vitamin E in patients with NASH due to its adverse effects profile and lack of significant improvement in hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of vitamin E accompanied by ease-of-use and exceptional tolerability have made vitamin E a pragmatic therapeutic choice in non-diabetic patients with histologic evidence of NASH. Future clinical trials with study design to assess vitamin E in combination with other anti-fibrotic agents may yield an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect.
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Brossaud, J., V. Pallet i J.-B. Corcuff. "Vitamin A, endocrine tissues and hormones: interplay and interactions". Endocrine Connections 6, nr 7 (październik 2017): R121—R130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0101.
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Vitamin A (retinol) is a micronutrient critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. In adults, vitamin A and metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) play major roles in vision, immune and brain functions and tissue remodelling and metabolism. This review presents the physiological interactions of retinoids and endocrine tissues and hormonal systems. Two endocrine systems have been particularly studied. In the pituitary, retinoids target the corticotrophs with a possible therapeutic use in corticotropinomas. In the thyroid, retinoids interfere with iodine metabolism and vitamin A deficiency aggravates thyroid dysfunction caused by iodine-deficient diets. Retinoids use in thyroid cancer appears less promising than expected. Recent and still controversial studies investigated the relations between retinoids and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, retinoids contribute to pancreatic development and modify fat and glucose metabolism. However, more detailed studies are needed before planning any therapeutic use. Finally, retinoids probably play more minor roles in adrenal and gonads development and function apart from their major effects on spermatogenesis.
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Pestova, V. Yu. "Alfacalcidol use in complex therapy of atopic dermatitis". Kazan medical journal 96, nr 6 (15.12.2015): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-952.
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Aim. To study clinical course of atopic dermatitis and improve dermatosis therapeutic tactics in vitamin D deficiency. Study design - comparative observational open-label study.
Methods. 67 patients with a verified «atopic dermatitis» diagnosis were selected to study. Serum calcidol level below 75 nmol/l was observed in 32 patients what was the basis to division of the observed patients into two groups. Conventional therapy (local glucocorticoids and moistening agents, systemic administration of non-specific anti-inflammatory and desensitizing agents) was administered to all patients. Vitamin D active form - alfacalcidol (Alpha D3-Teva) was administered to patients of the second group as a part of complex therapy.
Results. Good clinical results have been achieved amid the treatment, in 21 days SCORAD index decreased by 86.56% in the first group, in the second - by 93.63%, with the clinical remission achievement in over 75% of patients in both groups. Atopic dermatitis complex therapy using alfacalcidol contributed to the normalization of the vitamin D concentration (from 42.92±2.87 to 79.26±4.92 nmol/l) and total calcium level (from 1.97±0.4 to 2, 21±0,8 mmol/l), reduced TEWL measurement and increased corneometry results. The therapy did not contribute to the sebometry data change in both groups.
Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency leads to more severe atopic dermatitis course; complex treatment of this disease with alfacalcidol facilitated normalization of serum vitamin D level and tendency to the epidermal barrier recovery, what opens new possibilities in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Javorski, Michael J., Mina M. Kerolos, Jawed Fareed i R. Anthony Perez-Tamayo. "Vitamin D and Postoperative Vasopressor Use in Cardiopulmonary Bypass". Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, nr 8 (6.05.2018): 1322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618772357.
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The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery often leads to a systemic inflammatory response. Up to 25% of patients undergoing CPB for cardiac surgery are reported to develop vasoplegic syndrome in the acute postoperative period, in which the patients are refractory to vasopressors. The purpose of this study is to assess vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for vasoplegia after using CPB. We performed a retrospective review of 1322 patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery requiring CPB. Forty-six patients with previously recorded 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels within 6 months of surgery met the conditions of this study. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 32.7 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD] = 15.1). The mean age of patients was 67 (SD = 10.1) years old, most were male (63%) and white (78%). Average CPB time was 140 ± 44 minutes. Postoperative vasopressor use was compared to individual preoperative 25(OH)D levels. As a secondary end point, postoperative vasopressor use and vasoplegia were analyzed between 3 groups: Vitamin D deficient defined as 25(OH)D ≤20 ng/mL (n = 7), vitamin D insufficient defined as 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/mL (n = 15), and vitamin D sufficient defined as 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL (n = 24). There was no correlation between vitamin D levels and postoperative vasopressor use. The mean doses of postoperative vasopressor use were 0.088 µg/kg/min (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 0.032), 0.085 µg/kg/min (SEM = 0.037), and 0.072 µg/kg/min (SEM = 0.024) of norepinephrine equivalents for the vitamin D deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups, respectively. Incidence of vasoplegia for each group was the following: 0.143 for vitamin D deficient, 0.067 for vitamin D insufficient, and 0.125 for vitamin D sufficient. In this pilot study, there does not appear to be a relationship between vitamin D and vasopressor use following cardiac surgery utilizing CPB; however, there appears to be a trend toward an increased vasopressor usage in patients with decreased vitamin D levels. A larger sample size and a prospective analysis are warranted to further assess the significance of the relationship between vasoplegia and vitamin D deficiency. With further investigation, vitamin D has the potential to become a low-cost, low-risk therapeutic for improving outcomes in CPB surgery.
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Ofoedu, Chigozie E., Jude O. Iwouno, Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu, Chika C. Ogueke, Victory S. Igwe, Ijeoma M. Agunwah, Arinze F. Ofoedum i in. "Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements". PeerJ 9 (1.09.2021): e11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11940.
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The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.
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Налетов, А. В., Т. И. Шапченко i И. В. Коктышев. "ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВИТАМИНА D В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ДЕТЕЙ С АЛЛЕРГИЕЙ К БЕЛКАМ КОРОВЬЕГО МОЛОКА". Университетская клиника, nr 3(32) (1.10.2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26435/uc.v0i3(32).340.
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The article presents the results of a study on the level of vitamin D in children of first year with cow's milk proteins allergy. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of using an aqueous solution of vitamin D in addition to a therapeutic elimination diet in children who are allergic to cow's milk proteins. It was found that the 57.1±4.8 % children of first year with cow's milk proteins allergy have vitamin D insufficiency. Normal vitamin D levels were found in only 36.2±4.7 % % patients. In turn, vitamin D deficiency were found in 6,7±2,4 % children. The additional intake of vitamin D on the background of the use of elimination therapeutic dairy-free diet can reduce the time of development of tolerance to cow's milk proteins and achieve tolerance for three years in 92 % of children with allergies to cow's milk proteins were found.
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Gromova, O. A., I. Yu Torshin i A. G. Chuchalin. "On the prospects for the use of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin in the complex therapy and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19". PULMONOLOGIYA 31, nr 3 (10.06.2021): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-3-355-363.
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The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of ongoing support for innate antiviral immunity systems. The aim. Conduct a systematic review of publications on the research of the use of B vitamins to support immunity and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. Methods. Intelligent analysis of so-called Big Data and special computational methods for analyzing Big Data of biomedical publications, based on the topological theory of sentiment analysis of medical texts from PubMed/MEDLINE. Results. Low levels of B vitamins contribute to chronic comorbidities and aggravate the clinical course of COVID-19 significantly. Increasing the supply of B vitamins in COVID-19 patients is essential for the maintenance of energy and oxygen metabolism; the direct antiviral effects of vitamins (reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication); compensation of chronic comorbidities (thromboembolism, impaired liver and kidney functions, diabetes mellitus, polyneuropathy), which aggravate the course of COVID-19; reducing hyperhomocysteinemia and chronic aseptic inflammation; inhibiting carbonic anhydrases to improve oxygen metabolism in the lungs, and increasing the clearance of lactate from the blood and preventing sepsis. Conclusion. By improving myelination of the olfactory sensory neurons, vitamin B 12 can help overcome anosmia, which occurs in 80% of COVID-19 patients. Short courses (up to 2 – 3 weeks) of high-dose parenteral therapy with thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin can be used as a part of a complex of therapeutic measures to improve clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, especially in elderly patients with polyhypovitaminosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, thrombophilia, and high risk of sepsis. Oral therapy with thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin is justified as a part of rehabilitation measures after COVID-19 in patients who have faced its consequences in the form of clinical signs of vitamin B vitamin deficiency.
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Onibala, Aurelia R., Christi D. Mambo i Angelina S. R. Masengi. "Peran Vitamin dalam Penanganan Penyakit Parkinson". JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) 13, nr 3 (2.08.2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.3.2021.31956.
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Abstrak: Penyakit Parkinson atau Parkinson’s disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang bersifat kronis, progresif, dan tidak dapat disembuhkan sehingga penyakit ini memiliki dampak sosial yang besar. Pengobatan yang digunakan saat ini tidak dapat menghentikan perjalanan PD dan memiliki efek samping yang merugikan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan terapi tambahan dengan risiko efek samping yang lebih rendah seperti vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui vitamin apa saja yang berperan dan bagaimana mekanisme peran vitamin tersebut dalam membantu penanganan PD. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review. Berdasarkan artikel yang dianalisis, vitamin memiliki peran dalam penanganan PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) bermanfaat melalui mekanisme neuroproteksi pada neuron dopaminergik. Vitamin B3 (niasin) berpotensi dalam mengurangi peradangan saraf. Vitamin B12 dalam penelitian in vitro berperan melalui mekanisme inhibisi terhadap agregasi α-synuclein, menghambat aktivitas kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), dan mencegah neurotoksisitas. Vitamin C (asam askorbat) efektif untuk menurunkan stres oksidatif. Vitamin E memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta dapat meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan total, dan meningkatkan GSH. Penggunaan vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (dalam dosis dan jangka waktu tertentu), dan vitamin E bermanfaat untuk agen terapeutik PD. Vitamin B12, berdasarkan literature review perlu penelitian lebih lanjut namun tampaknya dapat menjadi terapi pendukung PD.Kata kunci: Vitamin, Penyakit Parkinson, Stres Oksidatif, Peradangan Saraf Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable neurodegenerative disease that has a major social impact. The medications currently used cannot stop the course of PD and have adverse side effects. Therefore additional therapy with a lower risk of side effects such as vitamins is needed. This study aims to determine which vitamins play a role and how the mechanism of the role of these vitamins in helping treat PD. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method. Based on the articles analyzed, vitamins have a role in the management of PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) is beneficial through neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons. Vitamin B3 (niacin) has the potential to reduce nerve inflammation. Vitamin B12 in in vitro studies plays a role through inhibitory mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation, inhibits the activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and prevents neurotoxicity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is effective for reducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can increase the total antioxidant capacity and increase GSH. The use of vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (in certain doses and for a certain time), and vitamin E are beneficial for the therapeutic agent of PD. For vitamin B12, based on the literature review, further research is needed but seems to be a supportive therapy for PD.Keywords: Vitamins, Parkinson's Disease, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation
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Locantore-Ford, Patricia, Ronak Mistry, Evani Patel, Sarah Chen i Robert C. Goodacre. "Use of an Antifibrinolytic Agent and Vitamin K As Alternative to Platelet Transfusions in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5.11.2021): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149823.
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Abstract Background Managing thrombocytopenia with a prophylactic strategy was previously recommended for patients with impaired bone marrow function, hematological malignancies, and recipients of HCT when platelet counts declined to under 10,000/uL. However, the updated 2018 ASCO guidelines now suggest a place for a therapeutic i.e., after a bleeding event rather than a prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous HCT. Studies show a lack of significant difference between trial groups in hemostatic outcomes, such as the number of WHO grade 2-4 bleeds, and number of days with bleeding events. Platelet transfusions increase risks of infectious and non-infectious complications as well as inducing a platelet refractory state. Our Transfusion Free Medicine Program has now performed over 200 autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HCT) in Jehovah's Witnesses who due to religious convictions, do not accept red cell or platelet transfusions. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting. Autologous HCT patients are at risk for vitamin K deficiency from multiple reasons including malnutrition, frequent use of antibiotics, chemotherapy induced gastrointestinal toxicity leading to malabsorption and colitis. The prothrombin test lacks the sensitivity and specificity to detect mild deficiency. A mild vitamin K deficiency may be underdiagnosed in our transplant patients adding to bleeding risk. With the effective use of antifibrinolytic agents and Vitamin K as an alternative to platelet transfusions we believe this may enhance hemostasis and prove a valuable adjunct to a therapeutic approach. Methods Patients in our study were those who were of the Jehovah's Witness faith undergoing autologous HCT for Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma. Patients received aminocaproic acid as an alternative to platelet transfusion to enhance hemostasis at a dose of 1 g every 4 hours or prophylactically for platelet counts less than 30,000 /uL. Titration to 4 g every 4 hours intravenously was required for platelet counts less than 10,000/ul or clinical bleeding. Vitamin K 10 mg orally or subcutaneous was also started at this time. Results Table 1 illustrates the low number of bleeding events especially grade 3 or 4 that occurred. There were no Grade 3 or 4 bleeding events in patients with platelet counts above 5000/uL. No patient had residual long term effects nor was there an increase in thromboembolic events. Conclusions These data add to the body of literature supporting a therapeutic platelet transfusion strategy in an experienced center for autologous HCT patients and challenges the prophylactic platelet count of 10,000 /uL suggesting instead 5000/uL. The safety and efficacy of antifibrinolytic agents and Vitamin K as an alternative to platelet transfusions to enhance hemostasis in autologous stem cell transplant patients may prove beneficial not only in JW patients but also in those transplant centers wishing to offer a therapeutic platelet transfusion approach and as a strategy to manage platelet refractoriness. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. OffLabel Disclosure: Aminocaproic Acid is an antifibrinolytic agent approved for treatment of bleeding in surgical patients and hematological bleeding disorders. Vitamin K is approved for use in reversal of anticoagulation from Warfarin, vitamin K deficiency without liver disease and in the newborn.
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Hrubša, Marcel, Tomáš Siatka, Iveta Nejmanová, Marie Vopršalová, Lenka Kujovská Krčmová, Kateřina Matoušová, Lenka Javorská i in. "Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5". Nutrients 14, nr 3 (22.01.2022): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030484.
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This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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Kodentsova, V. M., O. A. Vrzhesinskaya i V. B. Spirichev. "The exchange of vitamins in diabetes". Problems of Endocrinology 46, nr 5 (15.10.2000): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11876.
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The problem of vitamins and diabetes has been the subject of a large number of experimental and clinical studies. They consider such aspects as the effect of insufficiency of certain vitamins on the induction (by alloxan or streptozotocin) of experimental diabetes mellitus; study of the protective effect of vitamins from these chemical agents; study of the actual provision of vitamins for people with diabetes; identification of the features of the metabolism of vitamins in this disease; the use of vitamins in prophylactic or therapeutic doses in the complex treatment of diabetes mellitus [20, 26, 51]. Despite the abundance of such studies, there is still no consensus on whether the exchange of B vitamins changes in diabetes mellitus. This is determined by a number of reasons, due to both the features of methodological approaches and the use of nonspecific analytical methods, as well as the application of the criteria for assessing vitamin supply, adopted for healthy people.
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Moustiés, Célia, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, Youna M. Hemery, Bruno Baréa, Pierre Villeneuve, Adrien Servent, Pascaline Alter i in. "Nutritional quality of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods: focus on lipid composition and vitamin content". OCL 29 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022007.
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Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is still a public health issue in many low-income and middle-income countries. Its management has changed with the development of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) that are energy-dense, lipid-based, micronutrient-enriched foods. The purpose of the present study was to define some aspects of the nutritional profile (in particular, lipid content, fatty acids profile, lipophilic vitamin content), oxidative status, and mycotoxin content of three RUTF products (of which two manufactured in Asia and one in Europe), at different time points during their storage. All RUTF displayed good lipid stability, with peroxide values < 10 meqO2/kg lipids, acidity index < 0.6 g/100 g lipids, and very low amounts of secondary oxidation volatile compounds. Only the one produced in Europe complied with the international recommendations on vitamin A and E contents. Lipid content ranged from 28.7 ± 0.5 to 41.2 ± 2.4 g/100 g. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid (47.2 ± 7.4%, 26.8 ± 2.1%, and 12.4 ± 3.9% of total lipids, respectively) were the main fatty acids. Only one of the samples made in Asia exceeded the regulatory limit of mycotoxins. The RUTF lipid phase was rather stable at ambient temperature from 9 to 12 months, and appropriate packaging may have contributed to a major stability.
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Banks, Mindy, i Stuart M. Sprague. "Vitamin D and Peritoneal Dialysis". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, nr 2_suppl (marzec 2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802802s06.
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Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with long-standing kidney disease. Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism includes the use of phosphorus-binding agents and treatment with activated vitamin D compounds, better referred to as vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs). In an effort to maximize the therapeutic response while reducing the adverse effects of calcitriol, the naturally synthesized hormone, the use of intravenous administration and several selective VDRAs have been developed. Recently, oral preparations of these selective VDRAs have become available, enabling their use in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) population. The present report reviews the data concerning the use of oral VDRAs for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in PD patients. The data, although limited, appear to support the use of oral paricalcitol as the VDRA in PD patients. In addition, traditional teaching focuses only on therapy with VDRAs, ignoring vitamin D replacement in CKD stage 5. However, given the potential benefits of calcidiol (25-OH-D) repletion and the rampant 25-OH-D deficiency in the PD population, our opinion is that screening for and treating that deficiency should extend beyond early CKD and also include PD patients.
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Dias, Bina F., i Aparna Dilip Nimkar. "Effect of medical nutrition therapy on vitamin C and malondialdehyde in HIV positive malnourished children". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, nr 11 (27.10.2017): 4822. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174927.
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Background: The objective is to assess the effect of medical nutrition therapy on biochemical parameters like Vitamin C and Malondialdehyde by estimating oxidative stress in HIV positive malnourished childrens’ sample. Any alteration in the antioxidant markers can help to assess the effectiveness of MNT as a therapeutic agent. There is limited data on the use of Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in India. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the effect of prepared Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) also termed as Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in HIV positive malnourished children.Methods: In this prospective comparative study, pre MNT and post MNT sample as well as the parameters-Malondialdehyde and Vitamin C were analyzed in 19 HIV positive malnourished children in the age group of 6-12 years at L.T.M.M. College. HIV positive malnourished children showed adverse effects on nutrition as well as immune system. Thus, to supply adequate micronutrients and macronutrients, the subjects were treated with Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT).Results: The post MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples revealed significant results than pre MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples.Conclusions: The level of antioxidant marker (vitamin C) increased and peroxidation marker (MDA) decreased post medical nutrition therapy. The increased post levels of vitamin C activity helped in the eradication of excess free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and hence the oxidative damage to cells as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation (which is indicated by decreased post level MDA).
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Shen, Hongwei, i Bingyan Zhan. "Effect of vitamin E on stroke-associated pneumonia". Journal of International Medical Research 48, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): 030006052094965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520949657.
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Objective To study the role of vitamin E in stroke-associated pneumonia. Methods We selected 183 patients with stroke-related pneumonia who were divided into different nutrition groups according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment score. Patients were then administered different doses of vitamin E. Results CD55 and CD47 levels in patients taking vitamin E across different nutrition score groups were better than those in patients who did not use vitamin E. The levels of CD55 and CD47 and the duration of hospitalization were better in the high-dose vitamin E group than in the low-dose vitamin E group. Conclusion Vitamin E may have an auxiliary therapeutic effect in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia.
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Petrushina, A. D., Daria M. Slashcheva, N. S. Brynza, N. D. Pirogova, S. V. Sosnovskaya i A. P. Chernova. "VITAMIN D AND LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN". Russian Pediatric Journal 22, nr 6 (15.12.2019): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-6-344-348.
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The World Health Organization has adopted the global TB strategy for the period of 2016-2035. To achieve its targets, it is necessary to propose and introduce new approaches for the prevention and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children and adolescents, as a potential source of active tuberculosis development. In this regard, the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) may become promising in combating tuberculosis, since most researchers suppose an adequate level of cholecalciferol to have a positive preventive and therapeutic effect in children with active and latent tuberculosis. So far the use of vitamin D may be appropriate, especially in children not adequately provided with vitamin D. The paper presents the results of the vitamin D levels study before and after prescribing cholecalciferol, as well as the dynamics of the tuberculin skin tests in school-age LTBI children receiving preventive treatment with anti-TB drugs. At the initial examination, a normal level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) was not detected in any child. After 3 months of administration of vitamin D in therapeutic doses, a normal concentration of 25(OH)D was observed in 52% of the children examined repeatedly. Analysis of the tuberculin skin test dynamics showed 47.6% of children to have a negative/doubtful test result after 3 months of treatment with anti-TB drugs and vitamin D. In 9.5% of patients, the size of the papule did not change during treatment. It is important to note that in these children, the 25(OH)D level also did not increase. А vitamin D intake at a therapeutic dosage did not cause hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in any child. LTBI children are inadequately provided with cholecalciferol. There fore it is necessary to determine the level of vitamin D in the blood, then to prescribe the vitamin D, regardless of the time of year, along with standard therapy for a more effective outcome of LTBI treatment and prevention of active forms of tuberculosis in the future.
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Gatera, Vesara Ardhe, Rizky Abdulah, Ida Musfiroh, Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani i Budi Setiabudiawan. "Updates on the Status of Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2018 (30.09.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8494816.
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To update the guidelines regarding vitamin D status in respiratory distress syndrome, we reviewed recent human and animal studies on the benefits of vitamin D in respiratory distress. We searched PubMed and ProQuest for studies on the use of vitamin D from 2009 to 2017. The common parameters in these studies included the use of lung tissue, phospholipids, blood, and plasma to assess the effects of vitamin D on respiratory syndrome. The metabolized form of vitamin D used in these studies was 1,25(OH)2D3 in animal studies and 25(OH)D in human studies. Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, improves the quality of life, and is relatively effective and safe for preterm neonates as well as during lung maturation. However, although vitamin D supplementation may offer benefits for respiratory distress syndrome, the optimal dosing strategies for specific types of risk factors in the lungs must be clarified to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.
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Hassan, Syed Hafeez ul. "Malnutrition Challenge Therapeutic Strategy". Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College 1, nr 2 (19.11.2019): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v1i2.58.
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SUMMARYMalnutrition is a broad term which describes nutritional related diseases caused by over and under nutrition, found in the hospitals or in famines. Therefore malnutrition can be categorized as over nutrition and obesity resulting into metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and decreased vitamin D in some cases. Whereas under nutrition with inflammation can be as a result of chronic illness, acute illness/injury or simply decreased dietary intake when there is no inflammation. The initial assessment can be done by simple clinical measures such as recording weight and BMI and serum albumin estimation. The adjusted nutrition plan during sickness involves assessment of calories requirement under the circumstances and then to use appropriate nutrition or premade nutrition formulas to meet the new requirements during disease or after surgery. The therapeutic strategy which also includes nutrition assessment and treatment may result in decrease in complications hence decreased hospital stay and cost of treatment having better hospital outcomes.
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Bania, Angelina, Konstantinos Pitsikakis, Georgios Mavrovounis, Maria Mermiri, Eleftherios T. Beltsios, Antonis Adamou, Vasiliki Konstantaki i in. "Therapeutic Vitamin D Supplementation Following COVID-19 Diagnosis: Where Do We Stand?—A Systematic Review". Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, nr 3 (8.03.2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030419.
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Vitamin D has known immunomodulatory activity and multiple indications exist supporting its potential use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of the current pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of vitamin D administered to adult patients following COVID-19 diagnosis in terms of length of hospital stay, intubation, ICU admission and mortality rates. Therefore, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for original articles referring to the aforementioned parameters. Of the 1376 identified studies, eleven were finally included. Vitamin D supplements, and especially calcifediol, were shown to be useful in significantly reducing ICU admissions and/or mortality in four of the studies, but not in diminishing the duration of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. Due to the large variation in vitamin D supplementation schemes no absolute conclusions can be drawn until larger randomized controlled trials are completed. However, calcifediol administered to COVID-19 patients upon diagnosis represents by far the most promising agent and should be the focus of upcoming research efforts.
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Janjusevic, Milijana, Alessandra Lucia Fluca, Giulia Gagno, Alessandro Pierri, Laura Padoan, Annamaria Sorrentino, Antonio Paolo Beltrami, Gianfranco Sinagra i Aneta Aleksova. "Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 4 (20.02.2022): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042336.
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Hyperglycemia is considered one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis, since high glucose levels trigger multiple pathological processes, such as oxidative stress and hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In this context, recently approved drugs, such as glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), could be considered a powerful tool for to reduce glucose concentration and cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance have been found to be deficient in vitamin D. Recent studies pointed out the unfavorable prognostic values of T2DM and vitamin D deficiency in patients with cardiac dysfunction, either when considered individually or together, which shed light on the role of vitamin D in general health status. New evidence suggests that SGLT2i could adversely affect the production of vitamin D, thereby increasing the risk of fractures, which are common in patients with T2DM. Therefore, given the biological effects of vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory mediator and a regulator of endothelial function and calcium equilibrium, these new findings should be taken into consideration as well. The aim of this review is to gather the latest advancements regarding the use of antidiabetic and antiplatelet drugs coupled with vitamin D supplementation to control glucose levels, therefore reducing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Lordi, Alexis, Nida Ansari, Michael Maroules i Anusha Manjegowda. "Splenomegaly in a Patient with a History of Pernicious Anemia; the Potential Therapeutic Effects of B12 Therapy". Case Reports in Hematology 2022 (11.04.2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2854520.
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Splenomegaly is manifested by a variety of etiologies, one of which is macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia has multiple causes in itself that include; folate (Vitamin B9) and Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiencies. In this case report, we present a patient with a history of pancytopenia, macrocytic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency, who underwent a splenectomy. The differential diagnoses for the cause of the patient’s splenomegaly included: lymphoma, infiltrative disease, and idiopathic splenomegaly. The pathology report from the splenectomy did not reveal any evidence of lymphoma or infiltrative disease, however, it did mention vascular congestion of the spleen. In theory, vascular congestion, due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen or sequestration of blood cell lineages, could lead to pancytopenia. In prior visits to the hospital this patient was diagnosed with: splenomegaly, and macrocytic anemia due to pernicious anemia. A splenectomy puts one at increased risk for infection by encapsulated organisms, and is to be avoided if possible. There are few case reports and studies that show vitamin B12 therapy can potentially cause a reversal in the splenomegaly as well as a reversal in the pancytopenia and macrocytic anemia. We hope to show that the least invasive treatment for vitamin B12, vitamin therapy, can be of use and effective.
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Kashiouris, Markos G., Michael L’Heureux, Casey A. Cable, Bernard J. Fisher, Stefan W. Leichtle i Alpha A. Fowler. "The Emerging Role of Vitamin C as a Treatment for Sepsis". Nutrients 12, nr 2 (22.01.2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020292.
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Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Decades of research have failed to identify any specific therapeutic targets outside of antibiotics, infectious source elimination, and supportive care. More recently, vitamin C has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent to treat sepsis. Vitamin C has been shown to be deficient in septic patients and the administration of high dose intravenous as opposed to oral vitamin C leads to markedly improved and elevated serum levels. Its physiologic role in sepsis includes attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, improving vasopressor synthesis, enhancing immune cell function, improving endovascular function, and epigenetic immunologic modifications. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of vitamin C and two recent studies have shown promising data on mortality improvement. Currently, larger randomized controlled studies are underway to validate these findings. With further study, vitamin C may become standard of care for the treatment of sepsis, but given its safety profile, current treatment can be justified with compassionate use.
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Badawy, Ingy, Mahmoud Mohsen, Alaa Ahmed, Shrouk Mahmoud, Amany Saeed, Amr Atef, AlTaher Rabea, Marina Mauric i Baher Zlat. "NOVEL THERAPEUTIC USE OF INSULIN AND VITAMIN E IN (NAFLD) USING FATTY LIVER INDUCED RATS." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, nr 5 (31.05.2018): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/7113.
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Pedraza-Chaverri, José, Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Edilia Tapia i Alexandra Scholze. "New Pathogenic Concepts and Therapeutic Approaches to Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6043601.
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In chronic kidney disease inflammatory processes and stimulation of immune cells result in overproduction of free radicals. In combination with a reduced antioxidant capacity this causes oxidative stress. This review focuses on current pathogenic concepts of oxidative stress for the decline of kidney function and development of cardiovascular complications. We discuss the impact of mitochondrial alterations and dysfunction, a pathogenic role for hyperuricemia, and disturbances of vitamin D metabolism and signal transduction. Recent antioxidant therapy options including the use of vitamin D and pharmacologic therapies for hyperuricemia are discussed. Finally, we review some new therapy options in diabetic nephropathy including antidiabetic agents (noninsulin dependent), plant antioxidants, and food components as alternative antioxidant therapies.
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Rodrigo, Ramón, Cristián Guichard i Roberto Charles. "Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of antioxidant vitamins". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 21, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00466.x.
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Knepper, J., E. Ramacciotti i T. W. Wakefield. "Novel anticoagulants: a discussion of clinical use in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 26, nr 1 (14.01.2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2010.010023.
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Traditional therapeutic oral anticoagulation strategies often require invasive dosing or monitoring. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have a large number of interactions, delayed onset requires frequent dose monitoring, and they have a small margin between therapeutic dose and bleeding complications. Novel oral anticoagulants, such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, are being developed to prevent those VKAs drawbacks. Besides oral bioavailability, those compounds are designed to require minimal to no monitoring and have a favourable safety profile. This review reports efficacy and safety data of these compounds throughout clinical development, as well as new approaches for oral pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism.
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Haamit Abba-Kabir, Claude-Audrey Meguieze, Esther Voundi Voundi, Eric Nseme Etouckey, Carlin Ntoukem Mbakop i Paul Koki Ndombo. "Therapeutic use and covid-19 in a pediatric population in Yaoundé". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, nr 1 (30.07.2022): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0657.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is an airborne or hand borne viral respiratory disease. Its treatment is not yet totally codified. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic remedies of COVID-19 in a paediatric population in Yaoundé. Materials and methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Nkolndongo health district from January to May 2021 for a duration of 5 months. All patients aged 0 to 19 years, tested COVID-19 by RT-PCR and managed in the Nkolndongo health district were included. Results were analysed using IBM SPSS.23.0 software and data expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: This study revealed that among the 48 patients tested positive 100%have received drugs as instructed by the national protocol 2020. The molecules involved included: introychloroquine, azithromycin, zinc and vitamin C. At the same time, 39.6% have received paracetamol and 4.16% have received oxygen. In addition of the national protocol drugs 43.75% have used Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon, 33.33% have used Cinchona officinalis, 25% have consumed Allium sativum, 22.92% Allium cepa, 8.33% honey, 6.25% Moringa oleifera and 10.41% mint crystals. Conclusion: The treatment was according to the national COVID-19 protocol 2020. A high proportion of children has used traditional pharmacopoeia.
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Iamsawat, Supinya, Anusara Daenthanasanmak i Xue-Zhong Yu. "Vitamin C Stabilizes CD8iTregs and Enhances Their Therapeutic Potential in Controlling GvHD and Leukemia Relapse". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117036.
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Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a leading cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The imbalance between T effector (Teffs) and regulatory cells (Tregs) is a defined characteristic of GvHD. Therefore, promoting Tregs for controlling GvHD has drawn an intense interest in preclinical and clinical studies of allo-HCT. Although CD4 Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+) have been shown to effectively prevent GvHD, they impaired graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Our lab has previously demonstrated that CD8 iTregs (CD8+Foxp3+) not only suppressed allogeneic T-cell responses, but also possessed the GVL activity themselves. However, instability of Foxp3 in CD8 iTregs is a major obstacle to translate this Treg population into clinic application. Vitamin C has been reported to promote Foxp3 stability by accelerating its demethylation. In the current study, we asked whether vitamin C could stabilize CD8 iTregs and enhance their therapeutic potential in controlling GvHD. Addition of vitamin C in the culture significantly increased the generation of allo-reactive CD8 iTregs in vitro (Fig. 1A). These CD8 iTregs generated with vitamin C had strikingly increased demethylation on Foxp3 CpGs (Fig. 1B) and superior suppressive activity (data not shown) compared to control-treated CD8 iTregs. We further evaluated the capability of vitamin C-treated CD8 iTregs in preventing GvHD in allo-HCT. Using a MHC-mismatched murine BMT model, vitamin C-treated CD8 iTregs could significantly alleviate GvHD reflected by a marked reduction of recipient mortality (Fig. 1C) and clinical scores (data not shown). To determine the Foxp3 stability in vivo, we analyzed the transferred CD8 iTregs and allogeneic Teffs in recipient spleens 7 days after allo-HCT. Vitamin C-treated CD8 iTregs (Ly5.2+) remarkably suppressed Teff (Ly5.1+) expansion and maintained higher Foxp3 expression compared to the control iTregs (Fig. 1D). To address a critical question whether vitamin C-treated CD8 iTregs can preserve the GVL activity, we performed a haploidentical transplant with a leukemia relapse model, and found that vitamin C-treated CD8 iTregs not only attenuated GvHD severity, but also prevented recipients from tumor relapse (Fig. 1E). In conclusion, our studies provide a rationale and mean to use stabilized CD8 iTregs with vitamin C for controlling GvHD and leukemia relapse in the clinic. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mukhopadhyay, Manisha, Romit Majumder, Adrita Banerjee i Debasish Bandyopadhyay. "A comparative overview on the role of melatonin and vitamins as potential antioxidants against oxidative stress induced degenerative infirmities: An emerging concept". Melatonin Research 5, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 254–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr112500131.
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Oxidative stress is a biological phenomenon described by decreased ability of the antioxidative system to neutralize excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). At low or moderate concentrations, ROS creates harmony in physiological functions but over production of ROS in long term can predisposes several chronic and neurodegenerative diseases such as coronary diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hemolytic anemia, pulmonary diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. The therapeutic use of antioxidants to control oxidative damage is a well-established phenomenon. In these aspects, melatonin and other classical antioxidant vitamins such as carotenoids, α-tocopherol, vitamin D, and ascorbic acid have gained enormous attention in the modern research area. In this review, we will discuss the comparative as well as the synergistic role of melatonin and other vitamins against stress-mediated disorders. Noteworthy, based on research evidence mentioned here we can recommend the combined use of melatonin and vitamins to alleviate the stress-induced toxicity in the broad spectrum.
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Jeetendra, Singh, i Baheti Tushar. "Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus". MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 3, nr 1 (29.02.2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/2016/v3/i1/731.
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Metformin is commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agent in the treatment of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). One of the important side effect of long term metformin therapy is malabsorption of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> which could lead to megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathy. Therefore annual screening of serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level or serum methylmalonic acid (MMA)/serum homocysteine level should be done in cases taking metformin for more than four to five years with average dose of >1g per day, even in the absence of haematological or neurological abnormalities. However, as the incidence of type-2 DM is increasing, cost of annual measurement of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level also increases. Considering cost factor for annual screening, vitamin B<sub>12</sub> supplementation appears to be more cost effective approach rather than annual screening for routine prophylaxis. Routine vitamin preparations available in the market may contain less amount of B<sub>12</sub> and hence are not of much therapeutic use in treatment of B<sub>12</sub> deficiency due to Metformin. Hence there is a need to look for higher doses of approximately 500-2000μg/day.
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Simonetti, Sérgio Henrique, Gustavo Bernardes de Figueiredo Oliveira, Fabiana Cristina Lourenço i França João Ítalo Dias. "Accuracy of an adherence score and time in therapeutic range among patients on chronic use of vitamin K antagonists". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 8 (16.07.2021): e59510816523. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16523.
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To validate and analyze the accuracy of the Simonetti adherence score among patients on chronic use of vitamin K antagonists and their time in therapeutic range (TTR) of the international normalized ratio as a measure of quality of anticoagulation. A prospective cohort study with a nonrandomized intervention in patients from an anticoagulation center of a public hospital. Baseline data were collected from May to September 2017, and follow-up data were obtained eight months after a nurse-led educational intervention, which was given to all patients after consent form and after applying the adherence score (N=205). The intervention was undertaken through 30-40 min conversation about relevant factors that had been previously identified in the score derivation study, which comprised drug-drug interactions, inadequate OAC use, comorbidities, effects of food on vitamin K absorption, and invasive procedures. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to validate the adherence score in terms of prediction of INR out of recommended therapeutic range. At baseline, mean adherence score was 44.69 and standard deviation (SD) was 18.37, and mean TTR was 41.07 (SD 15.40). Patients were reassessed after 8 months. At follow-up, there were significant improvements in mean adherence score 54.28 (SD 13.13), and in mean TTR 50.99 (SD 26.10). The Simonetti adherence score yielded high performance and accuracy in clinical practice among patients on chronic use of vitamin K antagonists. Our data indicate that nurse led educational intervention yielded favorable impact in terms of adherence score and TTR improvements.
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Bender, David A. "Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6". British Journal of Nutrition 81, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000082.
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Vitamin B6is a water-soluble vitamin, and is readily metabolized and excreted, so it has generally been assumed to have negligible toxicity, although at very high levels of intake it can cause peripheral nerve damage. Nutritional deficiency disease is extremely rare, although a significant proportion of the population shows biochemical evidence of inadequate status, despite apparently adequate levels of intake. The vitamin has been used to treat a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not be related to inadequate intake. In some conditions use of vitamin B6supplements has been purely empirical; in other conditions there is a reasonable physiological or metabolic mechanism to explain why supplements of the vitamin many times greater than average requirements may have therapeutic uses. However, even in such conditions there is little evidence of efficacy from properly conducted controlled trials.