Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Vitamin E”

The term “vitamin” or “vitamine” was first used in 1912. What later became known as vitamin deficiency diseases — scurvy, beriberi, night blindness and xeropthalmia — had plagued the world from antiquity. From 1900 through the 1930s, experiments with animals helped to advance knowledge of vitamins considerably. There are 15 vitamins of significance for livestock. A number of factors influence vitamin requirements and vitamin utilization, including physiological make-up and production function; confinement rearing without pasture; stress, disease and adverse environmental conditions; vitamin antagonists; use of antimicrobial drugs; and body vitamin reserves. Under commercial livestock and poultry production conditions, vitamin allowances higher than National Research Council (USA) requirements may be needed for optimum performance. Generally, the optimum vitamin supplementation level is the quantity that achieves the best growth rate, feed utilization and health (including immune competency), while also providing adequate body reserves. Key words: Vitamins, history, deficiency, requirements, supplementation

The extrinsic sources for erosion-causing acids are primarily acidic beverages and foodstuffs. Effervescent tablets also contain organic acids (e.g. citric, tartaric, malic) in order to form carbon dioxide by contact with water – with the help of the carbonate salts of the tablets. To adequately inform patients about the possible erosive potential of effervescent tablets, this study was undertaken in order to investigate the erosive potential of effervescent tablets (ET), containing either a combination of vitamins and minerals or vitamins only, commercially available in Switzerland. One hundred and ninety-two bovine enamel samples were prepared and allocated to 16 groups (A–H and 1–8; n = 12/group). Samples were eroded (120 s/erosive cycle) in freshly prepared solutions (200 ml/12 samples) comprised of tap water and a supplement as follows: none (control groups, A and 1); vitamin+mineral ET: Qualite and Prix (B), Optisana (C), Well and Active (D), Actilife All in One (E), Berocca (F), Isostar (G) and Qualite and Prix Mg + Vit C (H); vitamin ET: Actilife-Multivitamin (2), Sunlife Vitamin C (3), Optisana Vitamin C (4), Optisana Multivitamin (5), Well and Active Multivitamin (6), Kneipp Vitamin C+Zink (7) and Sunlife Multivitamin (8). Enamel loss was measured using profilometry after 10 and 20 erosive cycles. For the vitamin+mineral ET, no loss was observed in groups B–E. Significantly highest enamel loss (mean ± SD) after 20 cycles was observed for Isostar (5.26 ± 0.76 µm) and Qualite and Prix Mg + Vit C (5.12 ± 0.67 µm). All vitamine ET showed erosive enamel loss. Significantly highest loss was observed for Sunlife Multivitamin (8.45 ± 1.08 µm), while the lowest loss was observed for Actilife-Multivitamin (5.61 ± 1.08 µm) after 20 cycles. Some of the tested effervescent tablets showed a considerable erosive potential and patients should be informed accordingly.

Məqalədə bir günlük cücələrin vitamin və dərman preparatları ilə aerozol müalicəsinin tətbiqi üzrə elmi tədqiqatların məlumatları verilir. A vitamini ilə müalicə edildikdə, bir günlük cücələri yağda həll olunan vitaminlərin aerozolları ilə müalicə etmək mümkün olduğu qənaətinə gəldik. Belə ki, onun ağciyər toxumasında konsentrasiyası aşağı, qanda isə eyni müalicə müddəti ilə suda həll olunan B1 vitamini ilə müqayisədə daha yüksək olmuşdur. Dispergirləşən (dağılan) mayedə farmazinin konsentrasiyasının çoxalması və emal müddətinin artırılması cücələrin ağciyər toxumasında və qaraciyərində antibiotikin konsentrasiyasının artmasına səbəb olmur. Açar sözlər: aerozol müalicəsi, dərmanlar, sutkalıq cücələr, yağda həll olunan vitaminlər, farmazin Shahmar Mammad Mammadov Rinat Ravilovich Gadiyev Aerosol treatment of day-old chickens with vitamins and medicines Abstract The article presents the data of scientific research on the use of aerosol treatment with vitamins and medicines of day-old chickens. When treated with vitamin A, it was concluded that it was possible to treat day-old chickens with aerosols of fat-soluble vitamins, since its concentration in the lung tissue was lower and in the blood was higher compared to water-soluble vitamin B1 with the same duration of treatment. An increase in the concentration of pharmazine in the dispersed liquid and an increase in the duration of treatment do not cause an increase in the concentration of the antibiotic in the lung tissue and liver of chickens. Keywords: aerosol treatment, medications, daily chickens, fat-soluble vitamins, pharmazine

Vitamins are essential for a healthy life. Compared to other nutrients, the body needs them in very small amounts. B vitamins, often known as the vitamin B complex, are a class of water-soluble vitamins with key functions in cellular metabolism. Thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin (vitamin B7), folate (vitamin B9), often known as folic acid, and cobalamin (vitamin B12) are the eight distinct vitamins that collectively constitute the vitamin B complex. The body's energy levels, cognitive activity, and cell metabolism are all directly impacted by B vitamins. Four main factors contribute to vitamin B deficiency: an unbalanced diet, excessive alcohol intake, different drugs, and disorders that induce gut malabsorption. If these B vitamin deficiencies are left untreated, they can eventually cause symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy, heart attacks, strokes etc. B vitamins are present in natural, whole foods. Compared to their unprocessed counterparts, white flour and other processed carbohydrates like sugar often contain fewer B vitamins. Excellent sources of vitamins Bs comprise legumes (beans or pulses), potatoes, bananas, whole grains, tempeh, chilli peppers, brewer's yeast, nutritional yeast, and molasses. This paper provides an in-depth summary of the most popular types of vitamin B, emphasizing why the body needs them, the symptoms of a deficiency, and what diet or foods are rich in them.

As the fourth largest staple crop in China, potatoes are a significant source of food and revenue, and provide diverse vitamins to human. However, the variation of vitamin retention in tubers after cooking were seldom evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of steaming on water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B9 and vitamin C) and liposoluble vitamin (vitamin E) in tubers from eight potato cultivars grown in northern China. We found that these cultivars contained wide ranges of vitamin B9 (8.60–19.93 μg/100 g FW), vitamin C (46.67–155.44 mg/100 g FW), and vitamin E (15.34–33.82 mg/kg FW), with the highest vitamins B9, C, and E content in cultivars V7, XinDaPing, and QingShu 9, respectively. After steaming, vitamin contents decreased in most cultivars; levels of these three vitamins in tubers of cultivars ‘Tianshu11’ and ‘XinDaPing’ were higher than others, indicating that these two cultivars could be better sources among the detected ones for multiple vitamins after steaming.

The discovery of the vitamins was a major scientific achievement in our understanding of health and disease. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term “vitamine”. The major period of discovery began in the early nineteenth century and ended at the mid-twentieth century. The puzzle of each vitamin was solved through the work and contributions of epidemiologists, physicians, physiologists, and chemists. Rather than a mythical story of crowning scientific breakthroughs, the reality was a slow, stepwise progress that included setbacks, contradictions, refutations, and some chicanery. Research on the vitamins that are related to major deficiency syndromes began when the germ theory of disease was dominant and dogma held that only four nutritional factors were essential: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Clinicians soon recognized scurvy, beriberi, rickets, pellagra, and xerophthalmia as specific vitamin deficiencies, rather than diseases due to infections or toxins. Experimental physiology with animal models played a fundamental role in nutrition research and greatly shortened the period of human suffering from vitamin deficiencies. Ultimately it was the chemists who isolated the various vitamins, deduced their chemical structure, and developed methods for synthesis of vitamins. Our understanding of the vitamins continues to evolve from the initial period of discovery.

The objective of this study was to quantify the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamins A and E in nursery pigs and compare the effects of vitamin forms and vitamin levels on the plasma vitamin content and growth performance of weaned piglets. In experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 nursery pigs (fitted with jugular catheters) were supplied at 0 h with non-microencapsulated or microencapsulated vitamin A and E. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h after feeding to compare the bioavailability of oral vitamins A and E. In Exp. 2, a total of 216 crossbred weaned piglets were assigned to six treatments. This experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two factors for vitamin forms (non-microencapsulated and microencapsulated) and three factors for vitamin levels (the National Research Council level of vitamins, 75% commercial recommendations of vitamins (CRV) level, and a 100% CVR level). In Exp. 1, the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamin E was significantly greater than that of non-microencapsulated vitamin E. In Exp. 2, the pigs fed diets containing 75% or 100% CRV levels of vitamins increased their growth performance and plasma vitamin concentrations compared to the control group. In conclusion, microencapsulation can improve the bioavailability of vitamins, and supplementation with high levels of vitamins was able to improve the growth performance of the piglets.

Antioxidants have shown beneficial effects in several biological systems, in which they were able to prevent oxidative stress-associated damage. Vitamins C and E are key antioxidants in man. Dietary intake cannot accurately reflect plasma vitamin levels. However, the plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins could also reflect the acute assimilation of these vitamins. It has been pointed out that antioxidant vitamin blood contents reach a saturation level by intake of dietary supplements. Antioxidant vitamin plasma levels are the parameter most used to determine antioxidant status. However, the vitamin plasma levels may not reflect the nutritional status of vitamins. It has been pointed out that the vitamin E in adipose tissue can be used as a measure of vitamin E status. To determinate antioxidant vitamin contents in lymphocytes and neutrophils after exercise is a useful tool to assess the functional status of antioxidant vitamins.

Abstract We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous measurement of vitamins K1 and E in human serum. Delipidated human serum (free of vitamins K1 and E) was used to make standard solutions of these vitamins, and cetyl naphthoate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate were the internal standards for vitamin K1 and vitamin E, respectively. A simple, novel separation method utilizing liquid-liquid partition chromatography was used as a preparative "clean-up" procedure. Cetyl naphthoate and vitamin K1 (after post-column reduction) were detected by fluorescence, alpha-tocopheryl acetate and vitamin E by ultraviolet absorption. Sensitivity (detection limit) of the assay was 30 pg for vitamin K1 and 5 ng for vitamin E per injection. The method is specific, precise, and more rapid than previously described procedures. Within- and between-assay CVs were 8.1% and 12.9%, respectively, for vitamin K1; 3.5% and 6.0%, respectively, for vitamin E. Analytical recoveries of vitamins K1 and E were 80% and 93%, respectively, from serum and from delipidated serum (standards). The average neonatal serum concentration of vitamin K1 was 83 ng/L, 2.5 mg/L for vitamin E; for normolipidemic adults, the values were 343 ng/L and 7.9 mg/L, respectively, and for hyperlipidemic adults, 541 ng/L and 11.1 mg/L, respectively.

As the instability of vitamin C and vitamin E, double emulsion was chosen as a carrier system for dermal delivery of vitamins. The present work shows how to prepare and evaluate a double emulsion containing both vitamin C and vitamin E. The double emulsion was produced by two-step process. The concentration of vitamins were analyzed by UV, and the morphology of double emulsions were observed with optical microscopic. Vitamins could be protected well in one system, which was W/O/W double emulsion. The shape of double emulsion was also an evidence for the safety of vitamins. In the end, we obtained a stable double emulsion containing both vitamin C and vitamin E for cosmetics.

Background Vitamin supplements are commonly used in women of reproductive age. There is a range of vitamin supplements such as iron, folate, vitamin B and vitamin D that are used. Deficiencies in vitamin D can result in adverse health outcomes, such as exacerbation of asthma and fractures. Some studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with increases in depressive symptoms and severity. These associations need further exploration to ascertain confirmation, with more vigorous research. Furthermore, there has been limited research on the reasons behind vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age who originate from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations. These need further exploration to examine the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women regarding vitamin supplement use. Aims and Objectives Aims: To explore vitamin supplements use in women of reproductive age in terms of their beliefs, attitudes and practices particularly in CALD communities, with a focus on vitamin D and its potential role in depression in women of reproductive age. Objectives: 1) To investigate any association of vitamin D deficiency with depression in women of reproductive age. 2) To examine whether vitamin D supplementation results in a decrease depressive symptoms and severity. 3) To explore the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age, including those from CALD backgrounds, in relation to vitamin supplement use. 4) To explore the beliefs, attitudes and practices of CALD women regarding the Hijab and vitamin D. Content of this thesis This thesis is made up of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains the background. The challenges identified in Chapter 1 led to the exploration of the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age via a systematic review in Chapter 2. The qualitative study in Chapter 3 describes the factors behind the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age in terms of vitamin supplement use. Lastly Chapter 4 presents general discussion and conclusions from the work described in this thesis. Methods A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement checklist (Chapter 2). A systematic search strategy was deployed in ten databases including Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, International pharmaceutical abstracts, Maternal and infant care, EBM ALL, Global health, and PubMed to identify primary studies that met eligibility criteria. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was undertaken to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age. A semi-structured interview guide was developed and applied to facilitate the interview. Participants were recruited through advertisements in pharmacies, medical centres and community centres as well as via the distribution of flyers across a large university campus in Sydney, through social media, word of mouth and snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved and data was analysed. NVivo12 Plus Qualitative Data Analysis software (QSR International Pty Ltd. Version 12, 2019) was used to analyse the emerging themes. Initial codes were highlighted and organised into general themes and sub-themes, which were reviewed and refined. Results Chapter 2 Systematic review identified a total of 2377 studies through comprehensive search and search of cited references. After removing duplicates and based on title and abstract screening, 128 studies remained. Full text review yielded 21 observational studies (11 cohort studies and 10 cross-sectional studies) that assessed the association between vitamin D deficiency and depression and two intervention studies (two RCTs) that investigated women of reproductive age of 15-49 years in US, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Europe, Middle East and South America. Two cohort studies that showed no difference in depression scores in relation to vitamin D, while 9 other cohort studies reported that after measuring participants’ depression scores and vitamin D level over time, lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher depression scores. Similarly, there were two cross sectional studies that did not find an association between vitamin D level and depression scores. However, eight other cross-sectional studies showed that low vitamin D levels were linked with higher depression scores. One RCT did not find any improvement in depression symptoms and severity based on the supplementation of vitamin D used. Another RCT showed a reduction in depression scores compared to controls. Chapter 3 Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 women aged 19-49 years old, all from CALD backgrounds. The beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding the use of vitamin supplements of women from CALD backgrounds were explored. Thematic analysis generated four main themes: 1) health literary 2) cultural factors that influence vitamin supplement use 3) life circumstances and 4) women’s perception of health outcomes. Health literacy and information sources were key factors that affected women’s decision-making about taking vitamin supplements; and sources such as Google were heavily relied upon. Moreover, cultural factors greatly influenced women’s initiation of vitamin supplement therapy. There were discrepancies regarding the impact of wearing the Hijab on vitamin D status and more research in this area is needed. Conclusion Prior to this research, there has been limited data on CALD women of reproductive age and their beliefs, attitudes and practices in terms of vitamin supplement usage. This body of research was the first to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age particularly from CALD backgrounds. Furthermore, it was also one of the few studies around the world that examined the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age. Findings from this body of work demonstrated the reoccurring themes that shaped women’s beliefs, attitudes and practices towards vitamin supplement use specifically include health literacy, cultural factors, life circumstances and women’s perception of health outcomes. This study also ascertained that CALD women of reproductive age had differing levels of health literacy and use of a range of information sources. This study also highlighted differing views regarding the practice of Hijab and rate of vitamin D supplementation. In addition, this study provides a basis for further studies to explore whether the practice of Hijab affects vitamin D levels, which has consequences for recommendations around vitamin D supplementation in countries where the Hijab is commonly worn. There was an indication of an association between vitamin D deficiency and depression symptoms and severity from this research. However, the exact clinical association in terms of vitamin D being a causal factor in developing depression remains unclear. Supplementation with vitamin D that results in changing status from vitamin D deficient to vitamin D sufficient warrants further investigation, specifically to ascertain whether an optimal level is needed to achieve a reduction in depressive symptoms and severity. Thesis overview This thesis presents an analysis of previous research on the role of vitamin D deficiency in depression in women of reproductive age. It explores the role of supplementation with vitamin D on depression symptoms and severity. It also investigates the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age regarding their vitamin supplements usage. It examines the motivations behind usage in women particularly those from CALD backgrounds. Rationale for this study Vitamin D deficiency is common throughout the world, including Australia which has ample sunlight all year round. Low vitamin D status has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, one of which is depression (1). Consensus around the optimal level of vitamin D for women of reproductive age remains to be reached. It is critical to establish if a relationship between vitamin D levels and depression exists and what that relationship is in women of reproductive age. In order to evaluate this association, a systematic review of past studies was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age. This is further discussed in Chapter 2 of this thesis. Similarly, vitamin supplementation use has grown in the last decade worldwide and in Australia (2). This may be due to increased advertising and availability, cultural influences, affordability and increase in the use of social media platforms. It is important to understand the beliefs, attitudes and cultural practices especially in women of reproductive age, around their use of vitamin supplements. In order to explore this research question, a qualitative study was undertaken to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age from CALD backgrounds. This is further discussed in Chapter 3 of this thesis. Research aim, objectives and research questions The overall aim of this project was to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age, with a focus on CALD communities as well as investigating vitamin D and its possible association with depression in women of reproductive age. The specific objectives of this research were to: • Evaluate the effect of vitamin D status on depression and depressive symptoms. • Explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age, particularly in women of CALD backgrounds, with a particular focus on vitamin D • Describe the beliefs, attitudes, and practices of women of reproductive age, particularly women from CALD backgrounds, regarding vitamin supplement use. The research questions were: • Does vitamin D deficiency affect depression and depressive symptoms? • What level of vitamin D is needed to decrease depression severity and symptoms? • What level of vitamin D supplementation is required to increase level of vitamin D in order to decrease depression severity and symptoms? • What factors are involved when women of reproductive age initiate vitamin supplement use? • What are the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age around vitamin supplement use? • What are the beliefs and attitudes and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding vitamin supplement use? • What are the beliefs and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding the Hijab and its possible connection with vitamin D deficiency? Significance This research will contribute to the expanding body of knowledge related to vitamin D deficiency and depression as well as exploring vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age particularly those from CALD backgrounds. It is the first study to systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age and explore the use of vitamin supplements in CALD women of reproductive age in Australia. This study complements current understanding of the links between vitamin D and depression as well as the differences in the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding vitamin supplement use. Considering existing evidence, public health interventions to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women of reproductive age in Australia are required, in addition to increasing awareness regarding the optimal vitamin D status in order to decrease the risk of depression and depressive symptoms. The identification of several motivating factors associated with vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age and in particular those from CALD backgrounds is an important first step in future programs of public health research aimed at identifying and targeting culturally appropriate health related information that aides decision making when it comes to vitamin supplement use. This thesis investigates women’s use of vitamin supplements, vitamin D and its possible association with depression in women of reproductive age. The first chapter provides background information on vitamin supplements, vitamin D, depression and population characteristics. The second chapter examines the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age in the form of a systematic review. The third chapter explores the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age and in particular, women from CALD backgrounds through a qualitative study. The fourth chapter discusses the significance of all the findings, future research directions and conclusions.

La vitamine D (D3 ou cholécalciférol du règne animal et D2 ou ergostérol du règne végétal) est une hormone pléiotrope qui possède de nombreux effets biologiques incluant la régulation du métabolisme du calcium et du phosphate. Chez l’Homme, ce composé est synthétisé au niveau cutané sous forme inactive. On décrit ainsi le métabolisme de la vitamine D qui conduit à la production de métabolites actifs (par les vitamine D 25- et 1α-hydroxylases codées par les gènes CYP2R1 et CYP27B1) et à leur dégradation par la vitamine D 24-hydroxylase (gène CYP24A1). L’expression des vitamine 1α- et 24-hydroxylases est finement et inversement régulée afin de maintenir l’homéostasie phosphocalcique, grâce à plusieurs boucles de rétrocontrôle impliquant entre autres la forme 1,25-dihydroxylée de la vitamine D et son récepteur VDR, la calcémie et la parathormone, la phosphatémie et le FGF23. La carence en vitamine D et les défauts de son activation sont associés à un phénotype de rachitisme, tandis que les excès en vitamine D sont associés à un phénotype d’hypercalcémie-hypercalciurie par intoxication (surdosage) ou hypersensibilité à la vitamine D (excès d’activation ou défaut de dégradation).L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’identifier des causes génétiques de dérégulation du métabolisme de la vitamine D et de préciser leurs mécanismes physiopathologiques par une description précise du phénotype associé. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé de façon conjointe les outils de la génétique (séquençage nouvelle génération et Sanger) et de la biochimie (dosage des métabolites) dans une cohorte de patients recrutés grâce au centre de référence maladies rares du métabolisme du calcium et du phosphate.Ce travail a permis de préciser le rôle de deux gènes dans les maladies liées à la dérégulation métabolisme de la vitamine D, CYP2R1 et CYP24A1, par la mise en évidence de mutations perte de fonction chez des patients avec un phénotype de rachitisme à 25-hydroxyvitamine D basse et d’hypersensibilité à la vitamine D respectivement. Notre étude a permis aussi de préciser le phénotype de ces affections. Dans la cohorte des patients étudiés, l’identification de mutations de gènes impactant le métabolisme du phosphate (SLC34A1 et SLC34A3), souligne l’intérêt de l’étude des facteurs régulateurs des activités vitamine D 1α- et 24-hydroxylases.Aucune variation significative dans les régions promotrices proximales de CYP27B1 et CYP24A1 n’a été identifiée. Le peu de connaissances sur l’ensemble des éléments régulateurs chez l’Homme n’a pas permis d’approfondir notre étude. L’identification et l’étude de ces éléments régulateurs distaux permettra de déterminer leur implication dans les maladies rares du métabolisme de la vitamine D
The vitamin D (D3 or cholecalciferol from animal kingdom and D2 or ergosterol from plan kingdom) is a pleiotropic hormone who has numerous biological effects including the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. In humans, this compound is synthetized in skin in an inactive form. Thus, we call vitamin D metabolism the biological process which leads to the production of active metabolites (by enzymes 25- and 1α-hydroxylases encoded by CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes) and its degradation by vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (gene CYP24A1). The expression of 1α- and 24-hydroxylases is tightly and inversely regulated to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis, thanks to several feedback loops including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its receptor VDR, serum calcium and parathormone, serum phosphate and FGF23. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D activation deficiency are associated with rickets, while vitamin D excess are associated with hypercalcemia-hypercalciuria due to vitamin D intoxication (overdose) or hypersensitivity to vitamin D (activation excess or degradation deficiency).Our aim is to identify genetic causes of vitamin D metabolism deregulation and to specify pathophysiologic mechanisms describing phenotype. Thus, we jointly used the tools of genetics (next-generation and Sanger sequencing) and biochemistry (vitamin D metabolites assay) in a cohort of human patients ascertained thanks to the national center for rare diseases of calcium and phosphate metabolism.This work allowed us to specify the role of two genes in diseases of vitamin D metabolism, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1, showing loss of function mutations in patients with rickets and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hypersensitivity to vitamin D, respectively. Our study brought new phenotypic elements in these affections. In our cohort of patients, the identification of mutations leading to phosphate deregulation (in SLC34A1 and SLC34A3) highlights the putative role of regulators of vitamin D 1α- and 24-hydroxylases activities in pathophysiology.No significant variation have been identified in the proximal promoting regions of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. We could not go further considering the lack of knowledge in regulating regions and factors in humans. Identifying distal regulators will allow to study their implication in rare diseases of vitamin D metabolism

L’obésité s’accompagne d’un état inflammatoire chronique qui joue un rôle délétère.Cet état associé à l’obésité été impliqué dans le développement de complications métaboliques:insulino-résistance et DT2.Chez les obèses,le TA est un site de production de médiateurs pro et/ou anti-inflammatoires, des adipokines.Les modifications et changements de style de vie et les approches thérapeutiques sont privilégiés pour lutter contre l’obésité.Toutefois,les approches préventives ne doivent pas être négligées,des études épidémiologiques ont mises en évidence une corrélation entre obésité et carence en micronutriments.Par ailleurs,il existe une corrélation inverse entre micronutriments lipophiles et caroténoïdes et la prévalence de l’obésité et du DT2.Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre le lien qui existe entre carence en micronutriments,obésité et complications associés.Une étude clinique transversale a été réalisée chez des obèses non diabétiques.Les résultats nous ont permis de montrer qu’il existe une association positive entre b-carotène et sensibilité à l'insuline chez l'obèse,effet pouvant être lié à une modulation de l'expression de certaines adipokines dont l'adiponectine qui est indépendamment associée à la concentration plasmatique en b-carotène.Une étude préclinique a été menée, dont l'objectif évaluer l'impact de la teneur en vitamines alimentaires sur la prise de poids et l'insulino-sensibilité.Des souris ont été soumises à un régime hypovitaminé.A 10 semaines,ce régime favorise la prise de masse grasse,modifie la sensibilité à l'insuline,en agissant au niveau du métabolisme lipidique hépatique,via une diminution des capacités oxydatives
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammatory condition that plays a deleterious role.This inflammatory state associated with obesity was involved in the development of metabolic complications : insulin resistance and T2DM.Obese, AT is a site for the production of pro and/or anti-inflammatory adipokines, and plays a major role in the development of chronic inflammation associated with obesity.Modifications and changes in lifestyle and therapeutic approaches are preferred to deal with obesity. However,preventive approaches should not be ignored,several epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between obesity and micronutrient deficiency.In addition,there is an inverse correlation between lipophilic micronutrients and carotenoids and the prevalence of obesity and T2DM.The purpose of this thesis is to understand the possible link between LM and carotenoids deficiency, obesity and associated physiological disorders.A cross-sectional study was performed in non-diabetic obese patients.The results allowed us to conclude the existence of a favorable effect of b-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese patients.This effect may be related to modulation of inflammation or the expression of some adipokines(such as adiponectin), either directly or through its pro-vitamin A activity.A preclinical study was performed; the objective is to assess the impact of the vitamins on weight gain and insulin sensitivity.Mice were subjected to a hypovitaminic diet.After 10 weeks of regimen, we observed an increased adiposity and an altered insulin sensibility.This diet probably acts on the hepatic lipid metabolism via a decrease in oxidative capacity

The vitamin E, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate status of 22 gastric bypass subjects ages 23 to 60 yr was evaluated before, 6 mo, and 12 mo post-surgery. Before surgery 77.3% of subjects had adequate vitamin E status; 36.3%, adequate vitamin B-6 status; 100.0%, adequate vitamin B-12 status; and 45.5%, adequate folate status. After surgery, subjects were classified into 3 vitamin supplement groups based on average daily vitamin supplement intake. Subjects taking higher levels of supplements containing these vitamins had significantly higher plasma concentrations of the vitamins than those taking low or moderate levels. The mean plasma vitamin values in the moderate supplement group were indicative of adequate status for all vitamins, but plasma vitamin B-12 levels at 12 mo post-surgery were significantly lower than pre-surgery levels. In the low supplement group, mean plasma vitamin levels were in or near marginal or deficient range. The majority of subjects consuming supplements of vitamin E, vitamin B-6, and folate near the US RDA maintained normal vitamin status. Subjects taking 100+ ug vitamin B-12 daily had adequate vitamin B-12 status. Significant correlations (r = .67 to .94) were observed between vitamin supplement levels and the respective plasma vitamin concentrations.
Ph. D.
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Orientador: Gabriel Hessel
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: As doenças hepáticas crônicas podem induzir à má-absorção de lipídios e vitaminas lipossolúveis e levar ao comprometimento do estado nutricional. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os níveis séricos de vitaminas lipossolúveis (A, D e E) em crianças e adolescentes com atresia biliar (AB) e hepatite auto-imune (HAI) e verificar a relação com o estado nutricional e indicadores laboratoriais e clínicos. O estudo foi transversal e controlado e foram avaliados os pacientes com HAI (n=25) e AB (n=24), e um grupo controle (n=53) pareado por sexo e idade. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E foram determinados pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Além disso, foi realizada a avaliação antropométrica e a classificação dos pacientes na pontuação de Child-Pugh. Foram empregados os testes de Mann-Whitney, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e análise de variância, sendo considerada diferença significativa se p<0,05. Em relação às vitaminas, no grupo controle, constatou-se que os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E variaram com a idade. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E foram maiores no grupo controle em relação aos pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto ou separadamente. Em relação ao grupo AB, não foi observado diferença significativa nos níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E nos pacientes com ou sem colestase. Os pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto, classificados em Child C e Child B apresentaram os menores níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E comparados ao Child A. O déficit nutricional mais grave foi observado nos pacientes com AB com colestase. Verificou-se no grupo AB e HAI em conjunto a correlação do Peso/Idade (P/I), Prega Cutânea Triciptal (PCT), Prega Cutânea Subescapular (PCSE), Circunferência Braquial (CB), Área Adiposa Braquial (AAB) com as vitaminas A e E. Além destes indicadores a vitamina E também se correlacionou com Estatura/Idade (E/I), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Área Muscular Braquial (AMB) e Soma das Pregas Cutâneas (SPG) nos pacientes com HAI e AB, em conjunto. Pode-se concluir que, foi observada deficiência das vitaminas A, D e E nos pacientes com AB e HAI. Quanto maior a gravidade da doença menores foram os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E, nos pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto. Essa mesma relação da gravidade da doença ocorreu para as vitaminas A e D nos pacientes com HAI. Com relação ao estado nutricional, os pacientes com AB, principalmente com colestase, apresentaram maior comprometimento nutricional. Houve correlação diretamente proporcional, principalmente da vitamina E com todas as variáveis antropométricas do grupo de AB e HAI em conjunto
Abstract: The chronic liver diseases can cause malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, leading to a deficient nutritional status. The aim of research was: to evaluate the relation between serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) on chidren and adolescents with biliary atresia (BA) and auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) with the nutritional status and with laboratorial and clinic indicators. The study was transversal controlled, which were evaluated patients with AIH (n=25) and BA (n=24) and a control group (n=53) lined up by sex and age. The determination of serum levels of vitamins A, D and E was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography. Anthropometrics evaluation and classification of patients on Child-Pugh scale were also used. It was used the Mann-Whitney test, the correlation coefficient of Spearman and variance analysis for data analysis, which was considered significant difference if p< 0.05. Have been evidenced that serum levels of vitamins A and E in healthful group were changed with age. The serum levels of vitamins A, D and E were higher in the healthful group when compared with the patients with BA and AIH together or isolated. No difference in the serum levels of vitamins A, D and E was noted in the BA group with or without cholestasis. The patients with BA and AIH together grouped and classified in Child C and Child B presented the lowest serum levels of vitamins A and E when compared to the patients classified in Child A. The nutritional deficit more intense was observed in the patients with BA and cholestasis. It was verified in the BA and AIH groups together a correlation weight/age (W/A), Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST), Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (SST), Midarm Circunference (MC) and Midarm Fat Area (MFA), with the vitamins A and E. Besides indicators, the vitamin E was also correlated with Stature/Age (S/A), Body Mass Index (BMI), Midarm Muscle Area (MMA) and SKinfold Sum (SFS) for patients with AIH and BA together. In conclusion, have been observed deficiency of vitamins A, D and E in patients with AB and AIH. For higher serevity of disease, the serum levels of vitamins A e E are lower for patients with AB and AIH together. This same relation occurs for vitamins A and D for patients with AIH. When the nutrition status is evaluated, the patients with AB and cholestasis presented the highest nutritional deficiency. There is a correlation directly proportional, mainly of vitamin E with the anthropometric variables of the AB and AIH groups together
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

A malária é uma das principais doenças parasitárias no mundo, e o aumento da resistência aos antimaláricos atualmente utilizados dificulta o controle dessa parasitose. Assim, é de interesse a descoberta de novas vias metabólicas que sirvam de alvos para o desenvolvimento de drogas para combater essa doença. Nosso laboratório, nos últimos anos, tem investido na caracterização de intermediários e produtos finais da via de isoprenóides. Baseando-se na presença das vias 2-C-metil-D-eritritol 4-fosfato e do chiquimato, decidimos verificar se ocorriam as biossínteses de retinóides e vitamina K no ciclo intraeritrocitário do P. falciparum, através da análise de produtos metabolicamente marcados com [1(n)-3H]-pirofosfato de geranilgranila por análises cromatográficas (HPLC e TLC), além da espectrometria de massas. Não identificamos a presença de retinal, retinol e ácido retinóico no ciclo intraeritrocitário do P. falciparum. Já a biossíntese de vitamina K precisa ser estudada com mais profundidade, pois há indícios de biossíntese, em especial da menaquinona-4.
Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The spread of resistance to the antimalarials impairs the parasite\'s control. Therefore, is necessary the discovery of new metabolic routes to allow new antimalarials development. Our group has been studying the isoprenoid pathway, characterizing the intermediate and secondary products of this pathway. Based on the presence of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate and shikimate pathways, we decided to investigate the occurrence of retinoids and vitamin K biosynthesis in P. falciparum, through the chromatography of [1(n)-3H]Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate labeled products of intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, and mass espectometry analysis. The retinal, retinol and retinoic acid were not identified in P. falciparum. The results indicate the menaquinone-4 biosynthesis, although deeper investigation is necessary.

Introdução - A concentração sérica de vitamina D pode variar em indivíduos de diferentes grupos etários e de diversas regiões geográficas e pode ser influenciada pela exposição solar, estação do ano, bem como pelos valores de IMC e paratormônio (PTH). A classificação utilizada para definir concentração sérica adequada de vitamina D refere valores de 25(OH)D acima de 30 ng/mL. Porém, essa classificação pode estar inapropriada para a população brasileira, devido às particularidades climáticas e alimentares. Objetivo - Verificar as concentrações séricas médias de 25(OH)D e PTH e sua relação com IMC, exposição solar e estação do ano e identificar os valores de corte da 25(OH)D associados à elevação do paratormônio (PTH) em adultos e idosos de amostra representativa da população do município de São Paulo. Métodos - Para esta dissertação foi desenvolvido um artigo original. O artigo original descreve o estudo transversal realizado com indivíduos do estudo ISA-Capital, estudo multicêntrico e de base populacional, onde foram investigados 589 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, dos grupos etários: 20 a 59 (adultos) e 60 e mais (idosos). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, para dosagens de 25(OH)D e PTH. Os indivíduos que aceitaram participar da coleta de sangue, também responderam um questionário sobre exposição solar. A análise estatística incluiu a curva ROC, testes t de Student, correlação e ANOVA. Os cálculos foram realizados pelo software SPSS versão 17.0. e p 0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados - No artigo original observou-se idade média de 54,83 (19,21) anos, sendo 61,3 por cento do sexo feminino e 38,7 por cento do sexo masculino. A concentração sérica média de 25(OH)D foi 50,02 (22,69) ng/mL, já entre os grupos foi de 47,48 (23,03) (adultos) e 52,68 (22,06) ng/mL (idosos) havendo diferença significativa entre eles (p=0,005). Observou-se variação sazonal da concentração sérica de 25(OH)D e correlação positiva entre 25(OH)D e IMC (r = 0,114, p = 0,006). O novo valor de corte 55.8 ng/mL, determinado pela análise da curva ROC, encontrou 67,6 por cento dos indivíduos insuficientes de 25(OH)D e entre os grupos 72,1 por cento (adultos) e 62,8 por cento (idosos). Conclusão - Os resultados demonstram a presença de variação sazonal nas concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D no municipio de São Paulo. O ponto de corte proposto para nossa população indicou elevada prevalência de insuficiência de vitamina D. Portanto, se faz necessário políticas públicas de prevenção de insuficiência de vitamina D visando os efeitos benéficos na saúde e qualidade de vida desta população.
Introduction - The serum concentration of vitamin D may vary in individuals of different age groups and geographic regions and may be influenced by sun exposure, season and by BMI and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The classification widely used as a cut-off for appropriate vitamin D status refers serum 25 (OH) D above 30 ng/mL. However, this classification may be inappropriate for the Brazilian population, due to the particular food and the climate of our population. Objective - To determine the mean serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH and correlate them with BMI, sunlight exposure and season and to identify the cutoff values of 25 (OH) D associated with elevation in PTH. Methods For this dissertation, one original article were developed. Original article describe cross-sectional study performed with subjects from the ISA Capital, multicenter population-based. We investigated 589 individuals were of both sexes, age groups: 20-59 (adults) and 60 (elderly). Blood samples for laboratory measurements of 25(OH)D and PTH were collected. Individuals, who agreed to participate in blood collection, also answered a questionnaire on sunlight exposure. Statistical analysis included ROC curve, Student t test, correlation tests, ANOVA. The calculations were performed by the software SPSS version 17.0. and p 0.05 was considered significant. Results - In the original article, the mean age of participants was 54.83 (19.21) years, 61.3 per cent female and 38.7 per cent were male. The mean serum 25 (OH) D was 50.02 (22.69) ng/mL, between the groups was 47.48 (23.03) (adults) and 52.68 (22.06) ng/ mL (elderly) and significant difference between them (p = 0.005). A seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D was observed and positive correlation between 25(OH)D and BMI (r = 0.114, p = 0.006). The new cutoff value 55.8 ng / mL, determined by ROC curve analysis found 67.6 per cent of subjects insufficient 25 (OH) D and between groups 72.1 per cent (adults) and 62.8 per cent (elderly). Conclusion - The results demonstrate the presence of seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D in the municipality of Sao Paulo. The cutoff point proposed for our population showed a high prevalence of insufficient vitamin D. Therefore, public policy is needed to prevent vitamin D insufficiency in order to beneficial effects on health and quality of life in this population.

An increased incidence of bleeding episodes due to hypopro-thrombinaemia has been associated with several cephalosporins especially those which contain an N-methyl-thio-tetrazole (NMTT) side chain. To study the etiology of cephalosporin-induced hypo-prothrombinaemia in the clinical situation we have investigated the ability of different cephalosporins to alter the metabolism of vitamin K and the relationship between hypoprothrombinaemia and vitamin K status as assessed from plasma levels of vitamin K. Cephalosporins containing an NMTT side chain (latamoxef, cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefamandole) or related structure (cefozolin) all caused the transient plasma appearance of vitamink1 2,3-epoxide in response to a 10 mg intravenous dose of vitamin ; those without NMTT (cefotaxime and cefoxitin) did not. The plasma accumulation of vitamin k1 2,3-epoxide was qualitatively similar to, but quantitatively less than, that produced by the oral anticoagulant phenprccoumon. In 36 patients eating normally, the median endogenous plasma vitamin k1 (370 pg/ml) was not significantly different from that in healthy, fasting subjects (372 pg/ml) and clotting tests remained consistently normal for all antibiotics tested. In 22 patients on total parenteral nutrition the median plasma vitamin k1. (223 pg/ml) was significantly lower than normal (p < 0.01) with 61patients having levels below the normal range (< 150 pg/ml) but normal clotting before starting antibiotic therapy. All 7 parenterally-fed patients treated with latamoxef developed hypoprothrombinaemia (as shown by prothrombin time, PIVKA-II and protein C measurements) within 4 days whereas 12 patients treated with cefotaxime or cefoxitin did not. Latamoxef-associated hypoprothrombinaemia was readily reversible by 1 mg of vitamin k1 given intravenously but hypoprothrombinaemia and sub-normal plasma vitamin k1 could recur within 2-3 days. The data suggest that NMTT-cephalosporins are inhibitors of hepatic vitamin K epoxide reductase and that a lowered vitamin K status predisposes to hypoprothrombinaemia.

The self-assembly of supramolecular complexes between DNA and lipophilic vitamins, e.g. vitamin D group was examined, in the absence and presence of different cations, to the first time. A novel method for preparing DNA-lipophilic vitamins nanostructured complexes in the existence of divalent cations is introduced. The nanostructure of the supramolecular complexes ranged from beads-on-strings to compact globules and liquid crystalline forms depending on the vitamin nature, cations concentration and incubation time. A nucleation mechanism and flower-like aggregates are proposed as an initial state for complex formation. The biomedical applications of the functional nanostructured supramolecular complexes will be discussed in details.

Rosehip is rich in vitamin C. It also contains provitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin K, as well as many minerals. Rosehip is most often used to produce jams and marmalades. It can also be used to produce drinks because its specific taste and aroma significantly contributes to the appearance and taste of juices. Tea is also the most famous way to use rosehips. Due to the high content of vitamin C and pectin, it can be used for canning food in cooking and for preparing winter food. Medicinal wine can also be made from rose hips. In this paper, extracts of the plant Rosehip obtained by different extraction methods, were examined. The content of extracted substances was determined, as well as the content of vitamin C in order to determine which method will give the best yields of extracts.

Abstract. The effect of different concentrations of ATCC vitamin supplement on the production of purple non-sulfur bacteria biomass (suspended and biofilm), carotenoids (Crts) and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) from fuel-synthesis wastewater (FSW) was investigated in this study. The results suggest that maximum COD removal (3465 ± 125 mg/L) from FSW was obtained at a vitamin media concentration of 10 mL/L. The best optimal condition for increased biomass production from suspended and biofilm culture is the addition of vitamin at concentrations of 20 mL/L and 10 mL/L, respectively. The optimum condition for maximum Crts and BChls production from suspended and biofilm culture was found as 5 mL/L and 0 mL/L, respectively. Hence, the biomass response to vitamins is complex and vitamin addition can be used to prioritize different end goals with purple-non sulfur bacteria treatment systems and biomass utilization.

Few measurements have been made of vitamin K in neonatal tissues. Using an assay based on HPLC with dual-electrode electrochemical detection we have investigated the vitamin K status of the newborn from analyses of paired cord-maternal plasma samples and liver samples obtained at post-mortem. For vitamin K1 (K1) the median value in cord plasma (16 pg/ml, range 4-45 pg/ml) in 20 babies was some 30 fold lower than that in maternal plasma (median 0.47 ng/ml , range 0.14-2.42 ng/ml). This is the highest maternal-cord gradient of all the fat-soluble vitamins and together with the lack of correlation between cord and maternal values suggests that K1 does not rapidly equilibrate across the placenta. Hepatic neonatal-adult differences in K1 levels were less marked being about 5 fold lower at birth (median 1.2 ng/g, range 0.1-8.8 ng/g, n = 22) than in adults (median 5.4 ng/g, range 1.1-21.3 ng/g, n = 32). No relationship was found between hepatic K1 and gestational age and relatively high levels (1-2 ng/g) were detected at 10-12 weeks gestation. Post mortem livers obtained after intramuscular K1 prophylaxis at birth (0.5-1.0 mg) had K1 levels which were raised dramatically (1000 to 5000 fold after 24-48 h) and which remained raised for at least one week. A preliminary assessment of the contribution of vitamins K1 (menaquinones, MKs) to vitamin K1 status revealed undetectable levels in fetal or neonatal livers until about 14 days post-partum. This was in marked contrast to adults in whom MKs 7-10 accounted for the majority of liver vitamin K (75-97% on a molar basis). In adult plasma MKs were present at much lower levels than K1; the low circulating levels and poor1placental transport would explain our inability to detect MKs in newborn livers. When expressed as total vitamin K (K1 and MKs) we concluded that the newborn may have only about 2% of adult hepatic concentrations; this relative deficit of MKs may be responsible for the high susceptibility of the newborn to vitamin K deficiency.

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) was used to study the encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins D3 (vD3) and E (a-TOC) into cucubit[7]uril (CB[7]) in an aqueous solution. Cucurbiturils is a class of macrocyclic molecules largely used as carrier and controlled release agent in order to improve the solubility and chemoprotective of drugs. Along 50 ns of MD trajectory, the vitamins formed a stable complex with CB[7] without significantly altering its structure. Moreover, the second solvation shell of the CB[7] was not disrupted by the inclusion of the vitamins. The solvation enthalpy was ~ –173.0 kcal/mol for both complexes and –177.6 kcal/mol for the isolated CB[7], suggesting that the vitamin@CB[7] complexes are soluble in water. The binding free energy indicates that CB[7] can act as carrier agent for these vitamins, with values of –17.54 and –23.76 kcal/mol for vD3@CB[7] and a-TOC@CB[7], respectively. Finally, herein we highlight that CB[7] can be a new host to be used for vitamin delivery in biological systems.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the persistence of biologically active substances on the example of vitamins B1 and E, encapsulated in the matrix core of double emulsion food systems, in the aqueous phase of the direct and fatty phase of the reverse emulsion food systems. According to the results of the research, the efficiency of vitamin encapsulation in double emulsion systems was established to increase their shelf life: at the end of storage, the residual content of vitamin B1 in the double emulsion system water-oil-water was 34% higher than its content in the inverse emulsion, and the content of vitamin E in the emulsion system oil-wateroil at the end of the storage period was 24% more than in direct emulsion.

The effectiveness of the use of the pro-vitamin preparation β-carotene «Сarolin» in the cultivation of broiler chickens is the goal of our scientific research. Conducted scientific and economic experience was determined: the best result for the studied indicator was obtained in the group in which the drug «Сarolin» appeared in the diet of poultry in a concentration with vitamins A and K3. At the same time, vitamin A was added to the compound feed at a dose equal in biological activity to the amount of the drug «Сarolin», vitamin K3 – the generally accepted norm. It was established that the number of erythrocytes in the blood of experimental chickens increased by 40,2 %, hemoglobin – by 13,1 %, leukopoiesis – by 14,8 %. There was a positive trend in the increase in antioxidants, an increase in the safety of livestock by 2,7 %, an increase in live weight by 7,6 %, a decrease in the cost of feed for live weight gain by 9,1 %, and an increase in the digestibility of crude protein. The output of the gutted carcass of such a bird increased by 11,4 %, the level of amino acids in poultry meat increased by 4,5–5,6 %, and the deposition of vitamin A in