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Al-Atabany, Walid Ibrahim. "Image enhancement techniques for bioelectronic visual aids". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528303.
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Hodgson, Kristin. "Effectiveness of Visual Aids on Preventive Dental Goals". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/524.
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Purpose: To assess a caregiver’s oral health attitudes, habits, and behaviors pre and post intervention, and to determine whether a particular delivery-style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation) of a motivational interviewing session is more effective in improving oral health behaviors as well as improving success of a chosen preventive goal. Methods: N=140 caregivers of pediatric dental patients were given questionnaires to assess readiness to change and current preventive oral health behaviors. Oral health education was communicated in a MI style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation). One preventive oral health goal was selected to focus on. The home preventive behavior survey was re-administered at follow-up. Results: Preventive home behaviors improved, with no significant difference between interventions. There was significance in the amount of change in items specified as a goal. Conclusions: Behaviors improved significantly after a MI educational intervention. Goal setting and providing oral health education in a MI style can improve home preventive behaviors.
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Åhgren, Kristoffer. "Impact of Visual Aids on Estimated Travel Times". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263107.
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Many popular digital maps are aiming for a simple design with little visuals to aid the user. This study investigates what impact visual aids on a map have on how users estimate the length of travel times. To answer this question an experiment was conducted. The participants were to estimate the travel times between a dozen pairs of points on different maps. Three types of visual aids were tested during the experiment: nothing but the roads and the geography, a grid, and a set of circles centered around the same point. The results of this study suggest that people estimate travel times as shorter in locations they are familiar with if a grid is used as visual aid.Många populära digitala kartor arbetar mot att ha en enkel design med få visuella hjälpmedel. Denna studie avser att undersöka vilken påverkan visuella hjälpmedel i en karta har på användarnas uppskattning av restidens längd. För att svara på frågan genomfördes ett experiment. Under experimentet fick deltagaren uppskatta restiden mellan ett dussin par av punkter på olika kartor. Tre olika visuella hjälpmedel testades under experimentet: inget utöver vägarna och geografin, ett rutnät, och ett antal cirklar centrerade vid samma punkt. Resultaten av denna studie tyder på att folk uppskattar restider som kortare i områden de är bekanta med om ett rutnät används som visuellt hjäpmedel.
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Baser, Abdul Jabar. "THE ROLE OF VISUAL AIDS IN TEACHING : A study of visual aids used by TTC teachers in two provinces of Afghanistan". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31081.
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This research is about the usage of visual aids in education which takes place in teacher training colleges (TTCs) of Afghanistan. The data is collected from two TTCs, Kabul and Wardak provinces. It covers a specific area, which is the use of visual aids during teaching and learning. The views of 100 teachers regarding usage of visual aids, providing visual aids, as well as male and female differences are considered and views of experienced and less experienced teachers are investigated. The necessary data is collected by using questionnaires. The responses of teachers’ show, that all of them use visual aids. Some teachers use less and some of them use more visual aids during teaching and learning. All respondents believe on the importance of using visual aids. Also the result shows that male and female teachers use the visual aids but, with some differences, as it is clearly shown in the findings some use one type, but some use other types. Kabul TTC teachers use more visual aids than Wardak province TTC teachers. In addition to that the important finding is the differences between experienced and less experienced teachers, the junior teachers use more visual aids than senior or experienced ones. These findings would not be generalized for the whole country. But it could be considered for the central region of Afghanistan, because the two TTCs are located in the central region of Afghanistan.
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Sjöblom, Mattias. "Investigating Gaze Attraction to Bottom-Up Visual Features for Visual Aids in Games". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12862.
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Context. Video games usually have visual aids guiding the players in 3D-environments. The designers need to know which visual feature is the most effective in attracting a player's gaze and what features are preferred by players as visual aid. Objectives. This study investigates which feature of the bottom-upvisual attention process attracts the gaze faster. Methods. With the use of the Tobii T60 eye tracking system, a user study with 32 participants was conducted in a controlled environment. An experiment was created where each participant looked at a slideshow consisting of 18 pictures with 8 objects on each picture. One object per picture had a bottom-up visual feature applied that made it stand out as different. Video games often have a goal or a task and to connect the experiment to video games a goal was set. This goal was to find the object with the visual feature applied. The eye tracker measured the gaze while the participant was trying to find the object. A survey to determine which visual feature was preferredby the players was also made. Results. The result showed that colour was the visual feature with the shortest time to attract attention. It was closely followed by intensity,motion and a pulsating highlight. Small size had the longest attraction time. Results also showed that the preferred visual feature for visual aid by the players was intensity and the least preferred was orientation. Conclusions. The results show that visual features with contrast changes in the texture seems to draw attention faster, with colour the fastest, than changes on the object itself. These features were also the most preferred as visual aid by the players with intensity the most preferred. If this study was done on a larger scale within a 3D-environment, this experiment could show promise to help designers in decisions regarding visual aid in video games.
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Tang, Pingjun. "Ergonomic evaluation of visual guidance aids for agricultural machines". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ53123.pdf.
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Tucker, Roy Wyndham. "The use of audio visual aids in four polytechnics". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317000.
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Zetterlund, Christina. "Visual, musculoskeletal, and balance symptoms in people with visual impairments". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-57087.
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Background: Worldwide, about 300 million people have some kind of visual impairment (VI). Most people with VI are in the older age range, as visual deficits increase with age. It is not unusual that people with VI suffer both from neck pain or scapular area symptoms and reduced balance, which they consider to be symptoms of old age. However, their symptoms may not be attributable to age, but rather to poor vision. Aims: First, to identify associations between visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms in people engaging in near work every day and in people with VI. Second, to design and validate a suitable instrument for gathering information about visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms in people with VI. Third, to explore differences in perceived symptoms between VI patients and people with normal vision in cross-sectional studies and by following a group of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients in a longitudinal study. Fourth, to identify the most specific predictors of higher levels of visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms. Methods: A specific instrument was developed: the Visual, Musculoskeletal and Balance symptoms (VMB) questionnaire. Patients with VI were compared to an age-matched reference group with normal vision in three different studies in order to detect differences in self-reported symptoms between the groups. In addition, a follow-up was conducted in a group of AMD patients. Results: Patients with VI reported higher levels of VMB symptoms than controls, and this increased over time. Visual deficits and the need for visual enhancement increased the risk of VMB symptoms. Conclusion: People with VI run a potentially higher risk of VMB symptoms than age-matched controls.
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Apraiz, Elvira. "Using pictures of paintings as aids to communication with people who have learning disabilities". Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247315.
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O'Connor, Peter J. "Audio-visual information programs as health promotion aids in hospital waiting rooms /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armo18.pdf.
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Tao, Ran. "Using visual ethnography to address sexuality, HIV and AIDS, and Chinese youth". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66853.
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Worldwide, young people are the most vulnerable population to the HIV infection. In China, college students have been identified as the latest addition to the AIDS high-risk group due to their practices of unsafe heterosexual intercourse. Effective intervention work to protect these young college students needs to be based on a better understanding of the socio-cultural dimensions of the transmission of HIV/STIs (sexually transmitted infections) among them, and on an adequate conceptualization of youth sexuality in terms that go beyond the bio-medically-oriented and positivist explanations. This dissertation is a qualitative study of the sexuality and the embodied experiences of college students in China in relation to HIV and AIDS that uses visual-based participatory action research methodologies. In 2007, a photovoice project was initiated with 25 first-year students (10 male and 15 female), 18-19 years of age, in a university located in an urban area of China. Photovoice blends photography, research, education, and action not only as a strategy for collecting data for this qualitative exploration but also as a means of intervention and education by engaging the study participants in social issues related to HIV and AIDS, sex, and sexuality. Other qualitative methods such as in-depth qualitative interviews, focus groups, and participant observation also were used to provide triangulation, and thus, to obtain a complex picture of the sexuality and bodily experiences of college students in China. Data from the study suggest that young Chinese students hold somewhat contradictory attitudes toward traditional Chinese and Western sexual discourses, and therefore experience a state of tension when trying to decide whether to embrace Western ideas of sexual liberalism or to comply with traditional Chinese sexual norms, and whether to adhere to traditional sexual morals or attempt sexual liberation. The studyLes jeunes apparaissent comme étant le groupe de population le plus vulnérable au VIH et au SIDA au niveau mondial. En Chine, ce sont les lycéens, qui parmi les jeunes, ont été identifiés comme un groupe à haut risque particulièrement touché par le SIDA et les relations hétérosexuelles non-protégées. Un travail de prévention effectif devrait se baser sur une meilleure compréhension de la dimension socioculturelle de la transmission du VIH et des MST (maladies sexuellement transmissibles) parmi eux et sur une conceptualisation adéquate de leur sexualité, ceci en allant au-delà des approches biomédicales et positivistes.Cette thèse fait la description d'une étude qualitative de la sexualité et des expériences de lycéens chinois par rapport au VIH et au SIDA en utilisant une méthodologie par actions participatives et observations visuelles. En 2007, un projet de photo-voix a été mis en place parmi 25 étudiants de première année (10 hommes et 15 femmes), âgés de 18 à 19 ans, dans une université située dans une région urbaine chinoise. La stratégie visuelle « photo-voix », qui mêlent la photographie, la recherche, l'éducation et l'action, a été employée non seulement comme une stratégie pour la collecte de données mais également comme moyen d'intervention et d'éducation en impliquant les participants dans des problèmes sociaux liés au VIH et au SIDA, au sexe et à la sexualité. D'autres méthodes qualitatives comme les entrevues approfondies, les groupes ciblés et l'observation des participants ont également été utilisées dans le but d'obtenir une triangulation et, par là même, un portrait complexe de la sexualité et des expériences charnelles de lycéens chinois.Les données recueillies suggèrent que les jeunes chinois font montre d'une attitude contradictoire envers le discours traditionnel chinois et celui de l'Occident. De cette contradiction
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Knyszek, Brittney Lynn. "The Impact of Visual Aids on Prenatal Genetic Counseling Session Patient Outcomes". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1338515186.
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Napper, Nick Louis. "An investigation into the impact of visual aids in post-compulsory education". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16561.
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This study seeks insight into the use of visual aids in contemporary post-compulsory teaching. The importance of the study is linked to the large number of students who enter Higher Education; many of whom regularly receive lectures supported by visual displays which comprise textual summaries of a lecturerâs speech. This thesis comprises a two-part study and employs a mixed methods approach. The first part inquires into teachersâ and lecturersâ practice with regard to their visual aids, and the second compares the effectiveness of text, images and imagery displayed in support of a lecture. The investigation into lecturersâ practice found many post-compulsory teachers and lecturers had received no training in the design and use of visual aids during their initial teacher training. It is suggested this privation may underpin a de facto choice of projected text as a visual aid, the use of which is not clearly supported by contemporary models of memory and mental processing. In a comparison of visual modalities, an increase in learner engagement was recorded for the display of carefully designed images, and also for directed imagery. No positive impact was recorded for text summaries of 50-64 words displayed concurrently with speech, although recall was improved when text was restricted to five words or fewer. The conclusion is drawn that the display of this modality without temporal pauses may offer limited educational advantage to students, and a method of planned apportionment of speech and text is proposed in which contemporary theories of memory and processing are taken into account. These observations have significant implications for a lecture environment in which such text summaries are often relied upon for visual support. The findings of the thesis are combined to propose a principle of Visual Working Memory Utilisation (VWMU), upon which future research into visual aid design and use in post compulsory education might be based.
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Peck, Christian. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VISUAL AIDS IN MOTIVATIONAL COUNSELING ON ORAL HEALTH LITERACY". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2750.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if motivational interviewing with written/illustrated infant oral health education provided to caregivers of pediatric dental patients increases caregivers’ oral health literacy compared to verbal only motivational instruction. Methods: This is a cohort study of caregivers and their child receiving oral health anticipatory guidance utilizing motivational interviewing with and without visual aids. Caregivers (N=20) of pediatric dental patients age 0-4 that presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry for a new patient exam were recruited for the study. Caregivers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the intervention group (IG), and the control group (CG). Each caregiver took a pre-test to determine their infant oral health literacy. Then the IG received infant oral health education using a flipbook, and the CG received the same information in verbal form. Each caregiver had a brief motivational interviewing session. The caregivers then took the same test (post-test). At the pre-test time period, groups were compared by Fisher’s exact test or a two group t-test, as appropriate. The post-test score of the two groups were compared using an ANCOVA. Results: Currently, 20 patients have been enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the CG and the IG in the pre-test scores (P= 0.3913) or the post-test scores (P=0.3022). The intervention group had a nominally higher score after the education. Conclusions: This study was only a pilot study with N=20 caregivers. This study may be used to estimate the number of subjects needed to demonstrate a significant difference.
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Dumville, Stuart Lloyd. "An investigation into the alignment of illustration in higher education practices and the visual communications industry". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2282.
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Thesis (MTech (Graphic Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.University graduates entering the graphic design, advertising and publishing industries do so with the hand and digital illustration knowledge and skills that they acquired during their time of study. As a result of the ever-changing developments in technology, the parameters of hand-generated illustration within the visual communications industry have increasingly progressed toward digitally generated artwork. This thesis investigates the alignment or nonalignment between illustration teaching and learning practices in higher education and professional practice in the visual communications industry, with a view to identifying the gaps, and their causes, in the knowledge and skills of graduates entering the workplace. The study uses the lens of Activity Theory (Enqestrorn, 1987) to investigate practices in higher education and industry sites. Both the higher education and workplace investigation was guided by the research questions: 1) What comprises an activity system in the training of illustrators in higher education? 2) What comprises an activity system in professional illustrators' practice? and 3) How can the higher education and professional activity systems be aligned for their mutual benefit? The comparative study uses both quantitative questionnaire data and qualitative data derived from interviews conducted in both higher education and workplace sites, including the analysis of samples of illustration at both sites. The research reveals areas where there is both alignment and non-alignment and recommendations are made with a view to ensuring that illustration programmes in higher education are aligned as closely as possible to the needs of the workplace. The contribution made by this research is both theoretical and practical. The theoretical knowledge framework that has been developed outlines academics' and practitioners' of illustration theorising of current trends in both hand and digital illustration curricula in higher education and current trends and needs of digital and hand illustration in the visual communication industry. In broad terms, there is alignment with regard to technical skills and the tools used across both sites, while there is non-alignment with regard to knowledge of and preparation for the workplace and self employment, for example, time management, interpersonal skills and the acceptance of critique. The practical contribution is in the form of recommendations to curricula, which when applied should better prepare graduates with the practical and skills required of illustrators in the unpredictable, demanding world of work, which they encounter on leaving their academic institutions.
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Hobson, David Allen. "Developing transparency masters for Introduction To Construction Technology for Indiana's industrial technology education curriculum". Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544154.
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This creative project is an approach to assist the Industrial Technology Educators of Indiana in Implementing the Introduction to Construction Technoloay Course. The necessity for high quality instructional materials has set the objectives for a valuable and productive creative project: to research and collect pertinent data from Indiana's state curriculum guides, and recommended texts for the development of transparency masters for the Introduction to Construction Technology Course. The instructional benefits to both prospective and veteran teachers is well worth the effort.Department of Industry & Technology
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Apple, Steven David. "Developing transparency masters for Product and Manufacturing System Design to support Indiana's industrial technology education curriculum". Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544152.
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The purpose of this creative project is to develop transparency masters for the course, Product and Manufacturing System Design, as outlined in the Indiana Industrial Technology Education Curriculum Guide. Since the curriculum's acceptance, there has been a need for visual instructional material to support the new courses. The author identified this need by assembling a committee to advice his creative project and thus developed instructional media in the form of transparency masters. Now that the transparency masters are developed, instructors in the field of industrial technology education may now benefit by utilizing the materials to help convey the information to their students.Department of Industry & Technology
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Mulford, Kymberli Fahlbeck. "A multimedia paradigm of engaged learning: An intergenerational approach". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1790.
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Nothnagel, Ignatius. "Conceptual metaphors in media discourses on AIDS denialism in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1653.
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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.According to Nattrass (2007:138), the denial and questioning of the science of HIV/AIDS at government level by, amongst others, Thabo Mbeki (former State President) and Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (former Minister of Health) resulted in an estimated 343 000 preventable AIDS deaths in South Africa by 2007. Such governmental discourse of AIDS denialism has been the target of criticism in the media and by activist groups such as the Treatment Action Campaign. This study investigates the nature of this criticism, specifically considering the critical use of metaphor in visual texts such as the political cartoons of Jonathan Shapiro, who works under the pen name of “Zapiro”. The purpose is to determine whether the nature of the criticism in visual newspaper texts differs from that of corresponding verbal newspaper texts, possibly providing means of criticism not available to the verbal mode alone. A corpus of texts published between August 1999 and December 2007 that topicalise HIV/AIDS was investigated. This includes 119 cartoons by Zapiro, and 91 verbal articles in the weekly newspaper Mail & Guardian. The main theoretical approach used in the analyses is Conceptual Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1981), and its extension to poetic metaphor, developed by Lakoff and Turner (1989). Because of the socio-political nature of the problem of HIV/AIDS, the study also draws on Critical Discourse Analysis, including complementary concepts from Systemic Functional Linguistics. The study reveals that visual and verbal texts make use of similar sets of conventional conceptual metaphors at similar frequencies, which confirms the predictions of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study further reveals that the cartoons enrich these metaphors through four specific mechanisms of poetic metaphor, which the verbal articles do not. This indicates a significant difference between the two types of texts. Furthermore, it is found that the use of such poetic metaphors directly contributes to the critical power of the political cartoons. The study indicates that multi-modality in cartoons, which triggers single metaphoric mappings, adds a dimension to the critical function of the text that is absent in the verbal equivalent. The finding that the visual texts enable a form of cognition that is not available to verbal texts, poses one of the most significant avenues for future research. Thus, cartoons apparently achieve a type of criticism that is not found, and may not be possible, in the verbal texts alone. This makes the political cartoon a text type with an important and unique ability to articulate political criticism.
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Carter, Ashley. "Attitude change regarding animal abuse in adults the effect of education and visual aids". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/357.
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Additionally, images of animals alone immediately increased attitudes regarding treatment of animals. This difference does not appear to increase further over time. Images of animals alone appear to aid in immediately altering individuals' sense of continuity with animals. The attitude that animals and humans share some commonalities and exist in relation to each other could assist in adoption campaigns by allowing the potential owners to place themselves with the animals they are adopting. However, over time information combined with images of humans and animals significantly increase this sense of commonality. The applications for the results depend on what type of attitude one desires to change and how soon the change has to occur. The present research reveals that images appear to affect attitude change regarding companion animals and the way they are treated more than text information.; Companion animals now serve as more than tools for human use, they have become family. Many individuals now spend increasingly more money on animals than in years past and are more likely to acknowledge the animal as a family member. With this change in roles many humans have become more empathetic to animal cruelty. Studies have been conducted to examine various aspects of animal cruelty and how it relates to humans. However, few have examined attitude change regarding animal abuse. If attitudes can be positively changed in adults, these individuals are in a position to pass the information onto their children. Adults are also currently in the position to make changes in legislature regarding humane treatment of animals. An experiment was conducted which examined adults' attitudes toward animal abuse and whether they can be changed. Text information was examined as a variable for attitude change. Additionally visual aids in the form of photographs were used in conjunction with and separate from the text information as variables. Two types of photographs were used: images of companion animals by themselves or the same animals accompanied by adult humans. The text information used was adapted from an ASPCA presentation obtained, with permission, from the Orange County ASPCA. The power point presentation included information on the connection between animal violence and violence toward humans, how to help stop animal cruelty and how to report it. Six conditions were created using the three variables. It was found that pictures have an immediate effect on attitude change and information affects individuals in certain measures but not others. On all measures, images had more of an effect than information alone. Only when the text was accompanied by a picture, did it produce a significant change. Attitudes regarding the treatment of animals saw an immediate increase in both conditions in which images of humans and animals were present.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Macdonald, Neil. "Wound cultures : explorations of embodiment in visual culture in the age of HIV/AIDS". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wound-cultures-explorations-of-embodiment-in-visual-culture-in-the-age-of-hivaids(ed2b1d74-c3f4-4d24-92ba-525a489fa1b7).html.
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This thesis employs the bodily wound as a metaphor for exploring HIV/AIDS in visual culture. In particular it connects issues of bodily penetration, sexuality and mortality with pre-existing anxieties around the integrity of the male body and identity. The thesis is structured around four case studies, none of which can be said to be ‘about’ HIV/AIDS in any straightforward way, and a theoretical and historical overview in the introduction. In doing so it demonstrates that our understanding of HIV/AIDS is always connected to highly entrenched ways of thinking, particularly around gender and embodiment. The introduction sets out the issues around HIV/AIDS particularly as they relate to visual culture and promotes the work of Georges Bataille and Jacques Derrida as philosophical antecedents of queer theory, a body of ideas that emerges alongside HIV/AIDS and is intimately connected with it. Chapter one continues to engage with Bataille through the work of Ron Athey. Athey’s work uses religious and sacrificial imagery, wounding and bodily penetration to explore living in the world as an HIV-positive man. The work of Mary Douglas, who argued that the individual body could stand in for the social body, along with Leo Bersani, who argues that male penetration is tantamount to subjective dissolution are instructive in this regard. The second chapter examines how Bataille’s work has been incorporated into the discourse of art history but subject to strategic exclusions that masked its engagement with sexuality, corporeality and politics at the height of the AIDS crisis in the western world. It argues that the work of David Wojnarowicz addresses similar concerns but in an embodied, activist form. The third chapter looks at a film by François Ozon from 2005 and argues that, through photography and trauma discourse, it returns viewers to a time when HIV infection was invariably terminal and fatal. The film, therefore, is an engagement with mortality on the part of a young man. The final chapter looks at the films of Pedro Almodóvar to argue that his films simultaneously undercut our expectations around gender and sexuality while promoting an understanding of sexual difference as the originary experience of loss in our lives. The work of Judith Butler is instructive in this regard and also draws out its connections and implications to HIV/AIDS. In conclusion the thesis argues that HIV/AIDS, understood as a wound to the idea of an integral, stable and sacrosanct body, has made such an understanding of the body untenable and that this has enabling and productive consequences for our understanding of gender and sexuality.
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Trinh, Tan T. (Tan Thanh) 1974. "Investigation of visual cueing aids for UAV targeting for real-time waypoint re-allocation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50475.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
An experimental study was performed to determine the effects of two visual cueing aids for a real-time waypoint navigation system. The applications of the cueing aids would be in enhancing operator performance during real-time operation of an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV). Subjects used a graphical user interface to perform a simulated surveillance mission. Two cueing aids were used during the missions. The cueing aids were a synthetic video camera image facing either forward or to the side, and the presence or absence of a camera ground marker that depicted the camera field of view on a map display. On average, operators using a side camera view completed the simulated surveillance mission in less time than when they used a forward camera view. With the absence of the camera ground marker, the side view yielded a 25% lower performance time, and with the presence of the marker, the side view yielded a 36% reduction in performance time. However, subjects preferred a forward camera view for initially finding the target. Also, a camera ground marker was found to have beneficial effects on reducing mission time. For cases with a forward camera view, the presence of a ground marker reduced performance time by 12%, and for cases with a side camera view, the ground marker reduction was 26%.
by Tan T. Trinh.
S.M.
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Knauf, Mark Christopher. "Setting the stage for Japanese language learning with AVAIL (Audio-Visual Aids Indexed Library)". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413371656.
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Carter, James Stanley. "An historical analysis of the development and application of visual and aural aids in English education from 1900 to 1970". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268705.
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Hamilton, Cheryl A. (Cheryl Ann). "The Effect of Quality and Color Visual Aids on Immediate Recall, Attitude Toward Speaker, and Attitude Toward Speech". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500384/.
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Thirty years of empirical research on visual aids have produced inconsistent results--perhaps because the quality and color of those visuals were inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine what effects quality and color of instructional transparencies used in an informative speech have on listener recall and attitudes toward speaker and speech. A total of 709 community college and university students in 36 intact classes were randomly assigned to one of four visual treatment groups (poor-quality black/white, high-quality black/white, poor-quality color, or high-quality color) or one of two control groups (no-speech or no-visuals). A videotaped speech was projected onto a large screen at the right of the room; visual aids (each shown for approximately 30 seconds) were projected onto another screen set immediately to the left. Recall was measured by a 10-item multiple choice test; attitude toward speech and speaker were each measured by six seven-item semantic differential scales. Analysis of variance indicated that the type of transparencies used in an informative speech have a definite effect on immediate recall and attitude toward the speech, but no effect on attitude toward speaker. All four treatment groups scored significantly higher on recall than the no-speech and no-visual control groups. Log percent of change showed poor color to produce the lowest scores (still 13% better than control) and quality color to produce the highest scores (19.5'% better). Analysis found listeners to have a more positive attitude toward the speech when quality color, quality black/white, or poor black/white visuals were used. It appears that any visual (even a poor quality one) produces better recall than no visuals. Speakers with the time to produce quality visuals should add color; speakers who pay little attention to quality would be advised to use black/white visuals. Implications for future research are suggested.
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Bush, Trenton D. "The creation of flat-pattern garment samples to serve as visual aids for demonstrative purposes". Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/682.
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Al-Fier, Al-Sharif M. "An investigation into the use of audio-visual aids in teaching in Saudi Arabian universities". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334949.
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James, Jane Whitlock. "Effects of imposed visuals and instructions to image on immediate recall in students of varying ages and cognitive styles". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54203.
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The purpose of this research was to determine if levels of field dependence affects a student’s ability to profit from either imposed visuals or instructions to form visual images to aid immediate recall of concrete paired-axociate nouns. Also of interest are possible changes in the relationship between field dependence and visual strategy as students move from upper elementary to high school. It was hypothesized that the field-dependent individual is less able to profit from the use of interactive imagery required in a memory task of this nature due to the inability to impose structure in a non-structured situation.
Participants in this study were 197 fourth, seventh and tenth grade students from a moderately affluent, suburban community in southwestern Virginia.The Group Embedded Figures Test was used to determine cognitive style. Within each grade level, an equal number of students classified as field dependent, neutral and field independent were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. The dependent measure of memory was a written test of immediate recall of 24 paired-associate, concrete nouns. The three treatment groups were: Control, who received only instructions to remember the words; Imposed Visual, who viewed line drawings of the two words; and Imagery, who received instructions to form interactive visual images of the two words.
Data was analyzed using three-way Analysis ofVariance. All three main effects (grade level, cognitive style and visual strategy) were significant. There was no interaction, however.Ed. D.
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Seawright, Larry L. "Reducing learning object inspection/evaluation costs in instructional design /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd232.pdf.
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Omar, Maizurah. "The skills required by teachers to make effective and appropriate use of visual materials". Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.323552.
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Ruttun, Rishi Dev. "The effects of individual differences and instructional aids on learners' disorientation, learning performance and attitudes in a hypermedia learning system". Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6506.
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Hypermedia Learning Systems (HLS) are being used increasingly widely in Higher Education, offering non-linear navigation through complex learning materials and, it is argued, leading to improve cognitive flexibility. For some learners, though, nonlinear navigation in HLS leads to higher levels of disorientation, which can have an impact on their learning performance and attitudes towards the learning system. There has been significant research into the factors that can influence individual learners‘ experiences. For example, a number of studies have confirmed that individual differences such as cognitive style, domain knowledge and computer experience affect individuals‘ levels of disorientation and learning performance, and influence their attitudes towards HLS. It has also been suggested that instructional aids (in the form of certain visual elements and audio elements) can reduce levels of disorientation and, in turn, increase learning performance in, and positive attitudes towards, HLS for some learners. However, existing studies have tended to look at only a subset of these three individual differences in relation to an individual and/or consider only a small number of visual instructional aids. No study up to this point has considered the impact of cognitive style, domain knowledge and computer experience on disorientation, learning performance and attitudes in a HLS that incorporates a full range of visual instructional aids. In terms of the research related to audio instructional aids, no studies have looked into the effects of audio aids and these three individual differences in relation to disorientation, learning performance and attitudes in HLS. This thesis addresses these two shortcomings through two experiments. The aim of experiment 1 was to examine the effects of and between these three individual differences with respect to disorientation, learning performance and attitudes in two versions of a HLS: one that incorporated the set of visual instructional aids and one that did not. Experiment 2 aimed to do the same, but with respect to a HLS that provided audio instructional aids. The experiments used quantitative and qualitative approaches to gather data to address a set of research questions and research hypotheses. The participants were 384 university students from across London. The Cognitive Style Analysis (CSA) test was administered to determine participants‘ field dependence, and participants‘ demographic information, levels of computer experience and levels of prior knowledge were gathered using questionnaires. Learning performance was measured through achievement tests and a practical task. Levels of disorientation were measured using questionnaires, and attitudes were assessed using questionnaires and interviews. Participants were also observed when they were interacting with the HLS to perform learning tasks. A number of interesting results were revealed. Significant effects were found between the three individual differences with respect to disorientation, learning performance and attitudes in the HLS that provided no instructional aids. No significant effects were found between the three individual differences with respect to disorientation or learning performance in the other two versions of the HLS – those providing visual and audio instructional aids. Significant effects were found between the three individual differences with respect to the use of the visual and audio instructional aids to perform learning in the HLS. No significant effects were found between the three individual differences with respect to attitudes in the HLS that provided visual instructional aids. Significant effects were found between the three individual differences with respect to attitudes in the version that provided audio instructional aids. Analysis of the results led to the framing of a set of HLS design guidelines which are presented in this thesis. Finally, an agenda for future research leading on from the study‘s findings is presented.
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Mathey, Alain Bernard. "Teaching languages the natural way with visual cues". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/403.
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Meehan, Brendan. "Using digitally versatile disk (DVD) video technology for teaching disability sport, games, and activities to general physical educators". Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1277065.
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The purpose of this project was to design, create, and implement a pilot for an adapted physical education (APE), DVD-Video teaching aid. This creative project has resulted in a DVD-Video that can be used as an instructional tool and resource for physical educators. It follows the teaching methods and skills from the wheelchair basketball chapter in Davis (2002), featuring strategies and ideas that can aid in the successful teaching of physical education (basketball) to individuals of all abilities.The use of interactive DVD-Video in a learning environment is seen as an innovative and exciting delivery method for instructional purposes. It is proposed that the majority of learners would enjoy using, and acquire a very significant learning experience from using, interactive DVD-Video instruction. Therefore, it is anticipated that physical educators would get a meaningful APE training experience from an interactive instructional DVD-Video such as the one piloted for this creative project.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Froissard, Benoit. "Assistance visuelle des malvoyants par traitement d’images adaptatif". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4004/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’analyse des besoins de personnes malvoyantes dans le but de développer de nouvelles solutions d’assistance visuelle en utilisant le principe de réalité augmentée. Le principal objectif de ces travaux était le développement d’un dispositif d’assistance visuelle pour faciliter la mobilité de personnes malvoyantes grâce à un algorithme qui en temps réel adapte sa réponse en fonction des besoins de l’utilisateur et de la situation dans laquelle il évolue. Le premier postulat de cette thèse est d’utiliser l’acuité résiduelle fonctionnelle des malvoyants afin de leur permettre de percevoir un certain nombre d’informations. Le second postulat est d’utiliser les seules informations pertinentes, utiles à un malvoyant, afin d’améliorer sa perception du monde dans lequel il évolue. Le premier axe de recherche a consisté à analyser les besoins des malvoyants afin de recenser, les indices visuels utiles à rehausser afin d’améliorer la perception des malvoyants. Cette étude a été réalisée en immersion et une enquête précise a été menée auprès de malvoyants. Cette étude permet de mieux comprendre les besoins des malvoyants, les méthodes qu’ils utilisent ainsi que leurs usages des dispositifs actuels. Le deuxième axe de recherche a consisté à concevoir et à mettre en oeuvre un algorithme de traitement d’images répondant aux besoins identifiés. Un outil interactif a été développé qui permet de sélectionner la quantité de contours en fonction de la situation. Ce détecteur de contour optimise sa détection afin d’obtenir des contours plus exploitables pour les malvoyants, comparés aux résultats des autres méthodes de l’état de l’art. Cet outil a été testé et validé auprès d’une population donnée de personnes malvoyantes. Ces tests réalisés sur écran ont démontré que les contours constituent des indices visuels très importants qui peuvent être d’une grande aide dans l’analyse d’une scène. Le troisième axe de travail a consisté au développement d’un système de réalité augmentée permettant d’utiliser ce détecteur de contours dans un contexte de mobilité. L’analyse des besoins des malvoyants vis-à-vis d’un tel dispositif nous a permis de définir les caractéristiques indispensables pour le système de calcul, la caméra et le dispositif d’affichage. Concernant le système d’affichage, l’analyse des besoins des malvoyants en termes de profil, de couleur, de largeur des contours, nous a permis de définir les paramètres nécessaires pour un affichage qui répond à ces besoins. Il a également été pris en compte dans les développements les paramètres physiologiques de chaque observateur afin que les images affichées soient visuellement confortablesThis thesis was done in the context of visual impaired needs analysis with the goal of new augmented reality visual assistance device development. The main goal of this work was the development of assistive device for mobility of visual impaired people by the use real-time image processing algorithm which take into account user needs and the context. The first postulate is the use of residual visual acuity of visual impaired people to allow them to see more information. The second postulate is the use only most useful information for visual impaired people for the understanding of the situation where are they. The first research axis was an analysis of needs of visual impaired to identify visual cues, which one we need to enhance to help them. To do this, I have done an immersive stage into a re-adaptation clinic for visually impaired. I have also done a questionnaire to identify and understand how current products answers partially to their needs. The second research axis was the development of a new image processing to answer identified needs. I have developed an interactive tools that allow the user to select the amount of edges for each situation, context. This detector optimizes its result to provide better results than others state of the art evaluated methods. This tool was evaluated and validated during visual test by visual impaired people. We have demonstrated that edges are one of the most important visual cues for visual impaired people to analyze a scene. The third research axis was the development of the augmented reality system to use my tool in a context of mobility. To do this, I have analyzed the needs of visual impaired people for this type of devices. I have also defined main requirements of the desired device for the processing unit, the camera and the display module. For display module, I have analyzed physiologic needs of visually impaired, in terms of profile, colors, and thickness to answer their needs. I have also developed an image generation model which takes into account many physiologic parameters of each observer to create visually comfortable images
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Okashah, Areej. "The prescribing and use of pocket and portable electronic low vision aids for patients with visual impairment". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88031/.
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Pocket and portable electronic low vision aids (PELVAs) are relatively new devices designed to enhance vision of people with visual impairment. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate their use and prescribing patterns for PELVAs for patients with visual impairment and to inform clinicians of the functions or attributes that are most important when considering their prescription. Firstly, the parameters (including magnification screen size, luminance contrast, and resolution) of PELVAs were assessed. Magnification and screen size were also compared with the manufacturers’ data. Secondly, data (age, gender, ocular condition, visual acuity, living situation, registration of visual impairment, type of low vision aid prescribed) from 6,668 patients who attended the Low Vision Service for Wales were analyzed to assess the clinicians’ prescribing patterns for PELVAs. Thirdly, reading frequency and duration, and self-reported effectiveness of PELVAs and optical low vision aids for patients with visual impairment were evaluated by using a telephone interview based upon the Manchester Low Vision Questionnaire. Finally, reading speed was measured for normally sighted subjects with simulated visual impairment who used a PELVA and an optical low vision aid. The factors that could predict reading speed were investigated. PELVAs enhanced the luminance contrast of high and low contrast letters which may be beneficial for patients with contrast reduction, for example due to cataracts. Variations were found between reported and measured magnification of the PELVA. Only 10% of adult patients were prescribed a PELVA, and younger males were more likely to use them. A larger proportion of children (36.5%) were prescribed a PELVA. Patients who used PELVAs rated them highly for near vision tasks and were more likely to use PELVAs for reading once a day but for a long duration, whereas optical low vision aids were used more frequently and for a shorter duration. It was found that the reading speed was significantly improved using PELVA and optical low vision for subjects with simulated visual impairment; Bailey-Lovie near visual acuity, high and low contrast Colenbarnder near visual acuity, and number of visible characters were significant predictors of reading speed.
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Lee, Judy Raven. "Learning when using an instructionally designed mediated lecture compared with traditional lecture". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184385.
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This study focused on the differences in the knowledge gained between instructionally designed mediated lecture instruction and traditional lecture instruction. The sample used in this study consisted of 107 new hospital employees required to attend an orientation. The experimental group consisted of 43 subjects and the control group consisted of 64 subjects. Each group was given a pre-, post- and post-delayed knowledge test and an attitude test. The following hypotheses were tested: (H₀1) There will be no differences in post-test scores between groups. (H₂) There will be no differences in post-delayed test scores between groups. (H₃) There will be no differences in attitudes between groups. An analysis of covariance was computed on the data to test hypothesis one and hypothesis two and a one-way analysis of variance to test hypothesis three. The results indicated no significant differences on post-test scores and Hypothesis One was retained. Hypothesis Two was rejected as a significant difference indicated an increase in knowledge retained over time by the experimental group. Hypothesis Three was rejected with the experimental group reacting much more favorably to the mediated lecture. The conclusions reached as a result of this study were that both groups were learning, regardless of the method of instruction. Also knowledge was retained over time much better by the experimental group when the information was presented in the instructionally designed mediated format. Finally, the favorable response by the experimental group to the mediated lecture indicated a preference for this teaching format. Recommendations for additional investigations were discussed.
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Smith, William Ernest 1950. "THE USE OF VIDEOTAPE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PRESENTATION MEDIUM IN ENVIRONMENTAL PREFERENCE RESEARCH". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275249.
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Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia. "An analysis of TalkBack, an interactive HIV and AIDS education programme on Botswana Television". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5043.
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The Republic of Botswana (2011a) recognises behaviour change as the only long term solution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic that has become a leading health and development challenge for the country. The study aimed to examine how Talk Back, an interactive HIV and AIDS educational programme on Botswana television, capacitates the school community to deal with challenges brought about by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study was based on recordings of 2014 Term One theme— ‘Paediatric care and support: challenges and implications in the teaching and learning environment. The study conducted a content analysis of Talk Back to determine behaviour change communication categories employed in producing the programme. All aspects of the Talk Back programme were also analysed to establish communication strategies employed in the presentation of content. Talk Back employed communication approaches such as panel discussions of matters related to HIV and AIDS by various specialists, video clips to present content, and viewers phoning in to interact with the panellists. A number of the callers identified challenges; the most common identified challenge was that parents tended not to disclose their children’s HIV status to the children due to the negative social stigma attached to HIV and AIDS. Although Talk Back provides a forum for interactive behaviour change communication, some listeners questioned the use of technical language.
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PORRECA-EASLEY, ZANA. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEACHING OF SHAKESPEAREAN DRAMA USING MEDIA AND STUDENT RETENTION AND APPRECIATION (HAMLET)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184117.
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The study described in this dissertation was conducted during a three week period and encompassed four senior high school English classes. The data derived from the study were elicited from a pre test of knowledge and a pre treatment attitude survey; a post test of knowledge and a post treatment attitude survey and a delayed post test of knowledge. The four groups of students were given the following treatments within the Shakespearean drama unit on Hamlet: (1) Group I - Students in this group were shown four teaching films on Hamlet and read the play aloud in class with students taking parts. (2) Group 2 - Students listened to a taped recording of the play and followed along with their books. (3) Group 3 - Students in this group listened to the taped recording of the play and were shown the four teaching films. (4) Group 4 - Students in this group, which was the control group, read the play aloud in class with students taking parts. The research questions which guided the research and were addressed through the statistical analysis were as follows: (1) What significant knowledge differences, if any, exist between and among the groups receiving the non-print media treatments and that group which did not? (2) Is there a difference in appreciation (attitudes) of Shakespearean drama between the groups which received the non-print media treatments and the group which did not? The statistical analysis of the data revealed that although all groups improved on the knowledge post test, groups 1 and 2 improved the most. Attitude scores also increased for group 1. Interestingly, the difference between pre treatment and post treatment attitude scores for group 2 was negligible, and for groups 3 and 4 decreased. The following conclusions were then drawn from the statistical analysis: (1) The use of non-print media does improve knowledge of and attitude about Shakespearean drama. (2) The use of non-print media should be limited, for example, to either taped recording or film for optimum results.
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Stahl, Karen Ann. "TEACHING VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS CLOTHING SELECTION THROUGH AUDIO AND PRINT INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION (CASE STUDY)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275328.
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Akker, Dale L. "An experiment to determine the effectiveness of the use of audio-visual aids in the teaching of church school curriculum". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Zhang, Don C. "Using Icon Array as a Visual Aid for Communicating Validity Information". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459517352.
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Åbom, Karl. "Comparison of effectiveness in using 3D-audio and visual aids in identifying objects in a three-dimensional environment". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2068.
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Context: Modern commercial computer games use a number of different stimuli to assist players in locating key objects in the presented Virtual Environment (VE). These stimuli range from visual to auditory, and are employed in VEs depending on several factors such as gameplay design and aesthetics. Objectives: This study compares three different localization aids in order to evaluate their effectiveness in VEs. Method: An experiment is carried out in which testplayers are tasked with using audio signals, visual input, as well as a combination of both to correctly identify objects in a virtual scene. Results: Results gained from the experiment show how long testplayers spent on tests which made use of different stimuli. Upon analyzing the data, it was found that that audio stimulus was the slowest localization aid, and that visual stimulus and the combination of visual and auditory stimulus were tied for the fastest localization aid. Conclusions: The study concludes that there is a significant difference in efficiency among different localization aids and VEs of varied visual complexity, under the condition that the testplayer is familiar with each stimuli.3D-ljud och visuella hjälpmedel är vanliga i moderna datorspel. I denna uppsats detaljeras en studie kring effektivitet vid använding av 3D-ljud och visuella hjälpmedel i tre-dimensionella miljöer. Studien använder sig av en experimentiell design där testspelare får sitta i ett datorspel-liknande upplägg och använda sig av visuella och auditoriska hjälpmedel för att identifiera objekt i dessa miljöer. Studien bekräftar att det finns en signifikant skillnad i effektivitet mellan olika visuella och auditoriska hjälpmedel i tre-dimensionella miljöer.
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Fullwood, Christopher. "Video-mediated communication : psychological and communicative implications for advice on good practice". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/932.
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This thesis investigates whether certain practices improve the use of video-mediated communication; specifically video-mediated gazing (the act of looking directly into the camera) and face-to-face familiarisation prior to video-mediated meetings. This is done through comparisons of conditions where such practices are employed and control conditions. The successful adoption of these practices is assessed using a multi-level approach: investigating the communicative process, participant perceptions and task outcome. Participant perceptions are directed towards assessing the media, assessing other participants using the media, perceptions of task performance and communicative success, and perceptions of social co-presence. In cases where task outcome is assessed, an objective measurement of performance is taken. Communicative process is assessed through investigating participants use of gazing behaviour and verbal aspects of process: for example turn length, dialogue length and the numper of interruptions. Verbal aspects of process are also measured using Conversational Games analysis, where the functions of participants' utterances are assessed. The results show that participants who gaze at the camera are perceived more favourably. Accompanying speech with video-mediated gazing also results in improved recall of information. Face-to-face familiarisation alters participant perceptions of others using the media and feelings of social co-presence. It is concluded that for certain applications (specifically social tasks) and with an appropriate level of training (specifically with the use of video-mediated gazing) the use of such strategies benefits video-mediated communication.
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Francoeur, Eric. "The forgotten tool : a socio-historical analysis of the development and use of mechanical molecular models in chemistry and allied disciplines". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ44433.pdf.
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Liebenberg, Linda. "The use of visual research methods in the South African research context". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50532.
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Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African society presents a complex and diverse environment to social scientists. Within immense economic stratification; a multitude of cultures and classes; languages and their dialects; and varied racial groups, researchers attempt to produce information that contributes constructively to policy, programs and a host of services. Beneath the surface also lay complex power issues informed by both political and cultural histories. Many contexts in which researchers find themselves continue to be marginalised and oppressed due to factors such as illiteracy and low-levels of education, age, gender and poverty. These groups often include women and children, in particular adolescents. Qualitative visual methods may provide researchers with a tool by which to address many of the concerns raised in the literature surrounding research carried out under such conditions. Visual methods may remove inherent power imbalances, as well as traditional barriers, such as culture and language, that stem from more 'conservative' research methods. Images may allow participants to vocalise the taken-for-granted in their lives in an empowering manner. The recognition and use of visual images in research with marginalised and oppressed groups is being increasingly recognised by the larger research community. A preliminary overview of the available literature highlights existing disagreement surrounding the theoretical underpinnings of visual methods. This is particularly seen in the various and confusing levels of abstraction presented in the literature. The primary aim of this study is therefore, to gain clarity and understanding as regards the methodological and epistemological underpinnings of visual research methods within the social sciences. As such, a comprehensive literature review has been conducted. A second aim of the study is to set out a typology of methods that would be relevant for use in marginalised communities. The third aim of the study is empirical in nature and aims to highlight the role and/or possibilities of visual research methods within the South African social sciences research context. This is achieved by means of a case study which explores how motherhood is experienced by five teenagers in a sub-economic community outside of Cape Town. It does this by providing participants cameras with which to visually express their understanding and experiences of motherhood. Processed photographs in this case study have been analysed by means of informal discussion, directed by the images, with the participants themselves. These discussions were recorded and transcribed. The results of the interviews were then analysed using grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). The results emerging from this have been compared with relevant literature. In this way, results are also triangulated, adding to their reliability (Lucchinni, 1996). Consequently, results of this case study provide a comparative component by which to assess the applicability of visual methods in the South African research context. Both the literature review as well as experiences of the case study also form the basis of suggestions for further exploration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap bied 'n komplekse en diverse omgewing aan sosiale wetenskaplikes. Binne hewige ekonomiese stratifikasie; 'n verskeidenheid kulture en klasse; tale en dialekte en diverse rassegroepe, poog navorsers om inligting te verskaf om 'n konstruktiewe bydrae te maak aan riglyne, programme en 'n legio dienste. Onder die oppervlakte lê daar ook komplekse magstryde afkomstig van beide 'n kuitereie en politieke geskiedenis. Vele omstandighede waarin navorsers hulself vind word steeds oorheers deur marginalisasie en onderdrukking as gevolg van faktore soos ongeletterdheid, lae vlakke van opvoeding, ouderdom, geslag en armoede. Hierdie groepe bestaan dikwels uit, onder andere, vroue en kinders. Kwalitatiewe visuele tegnieke mag navorsers van die nodige metodes voorsien waarmee verskeie probleme wat in die literatuur uitgelig word aangaande hierdie navorsing, aangespreek kan word. Visuele tegnieke mag inherente magsongelykhede, sowel as tradisionele struikelblokke, soos kultuur en taal wat afkomstig is uit meer 'konserwatiewe' navorsingstegnieke, verwyder. Uitbeeldings mag deelnemers toelaat om die vanselfsprekende in hullewens in 'n opbouende wyse te vokaliseer. Die identifisering en gebruik van visuele uitbeeldings in navorsing met gemarganaliseerde en onderdrukte groepe word tot 'n toenemende mate erken deur die uitgebreide navorsingsgemeenskap. 'n Voorlopige oorsig van die beskikbare literatuur beklemtoon bestaande onenigheid met betrekking tot die teoretiese fondamente van visuele tegnieke. Dit is veral duidelik sigbaar in die uitgebreide en verwarde vlakke van abstraktheid wat in die literatuur voorgestel word. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is dus om groter helderheid en insig met betrekking tot die metodologiese en epistemologiese grondbeginsels van visuele metodes, soos dit in die sosiale wetenskappe voorkom, te verkry. Met hierdie doel voor oë is 'n uitgebreide literatuurondersoek onderneem. 'n Tweede doel van die studie is om 'n tipologie van metodes uiteen te sit wat relevant kan wees in gemarginaliseerde gemeenskappe. 'n Derde doel van die studie is empiries van aard en beoog om die rol en/of moontlikhede van visuele tegnieke binne die Suid-Afrikaanse sosiale wetenskaplike navorsings konteks te beklemtoon. Dit word bereik deur middel van 'n studie wat ondersoek hoe moederskap ondervind word deur vyf tieners in 'n sub-ekonomiese gemeenskap in die buitewyke van Kaapstad. Dit word uitgevoer deur deelnemers te voorsien van kameras waarmee hul begrip en ondervindings van moederskap visueel uitbeeld. 'n Verdere analise van hierdie studie is deur middel van informele besprekings uitgevoer met die deelnemers, begelei deur die uitbeeldings. Sodanige besprekings is opgeneem en getranskribeer. Die resultate verkry vanuit die onderhoude is daarna geanaliseer deur middel van begronde teorie (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Die resultate wat hieruit afkomstig was, is vergelyk met relevante literatuur. Op hierdie wyse is resultate bevestig, wat ook verder tot hul betroubaarheid gespreek het (Lucchinni, 1996). Die gevolg is dat die resultate van hierdie studie 'n vergelykende komponent verskaf waarmee die toepaslikheid van visuele tegnieke in die Suid-Afrikaanse navorsingskonteks gemeet kan word. Beide die literatuurstudie, asook die ondervindings vanuit die gevallestudie vorm die basis vir aanbevelings vir verdere ondersoek.
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Yego, Lily Jerotich, Violet Opata i Heloise Sathorar. "Exploring the use of participatory visual methods in teaching sexuality education within the HIV and AIDS education programme in selected Kenyan secondary schools". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13414.
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The HIV and AIDS prevalence in Kenya is still high and remains a major health concern despite the Kenyan government’s initiatives to create awareness about the epidemic through inclusion of the HIV and AIDS programme in schools. This is because the provision of sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in schools is not effective. Teachers face various challenges in the effective delivery of the subject due to their discomfort related to these sensitive topics. Therefore, learners are left inadequately supported by the teachers. With an immense variety of conflicting information about sexuality availed to young people through the social media and also through their peers, young people are left at risk of exploring their sexualities with inadequate and wrong information, thus exposing them to HIV infections. Since schools have been identified as ideal sites for the effective delivery of sexuality, HIV and AIDS education, teachers are expected to teach the learners using a variety of pedagogical strategies in order to achieve efficacy in the delivery of this subject, hence the need to explore teaching styles that could provide a safe space for the effective delivery of sexuality, HIV and AIDS education. This study sought to explore teachers’ experiences of using participatory visual methods in teaching sexuality education within the HIV and AIDS education programme in selected Kenyan secondary schools, in order to understand how such methods could affect the teaching of Sexuality education. This study employed a phenomenological research design, interpretivist paradigm and a participatory methodology. Memory accounts, reflective journals and focus group discussions were used for data generation with nine secondary school teachers, from three purposively selected schools in Kenya. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory underpinned the study. The findings revealed that teachers are uncomfortable teaching sexuality education because of fear of leading learners astray, fear of victimization and sexualization, and fear of misleading and hurting learners because of lack of knowledge. This resulted in teachers feeling guilty due to ineffective delivery of Sexuality education. The findings also revealed that participatory visual methods were effective for use by the teachers and the learners in the classroom to navigate issues around sexuality, HIV and AIDS. This was because they are learner-centred, thus making learners producers of knowledge while at the same time encouraging optimism in teaching and learning. This study thus recommends pre-service teacher training on participatory methods of teaching. Educational institutions should also arrange for workshops to train in-service teachers on comprehensive sexuality, HIV and AIDS education and how to tackle it in their classrooms. Moreover, curriculum developers should make sexuality, HIV and AIDS education a compulsory subject to give it equal status with other examinable subjects, for it to be taken seriously. It is only through concerted efforts from everyone that Kenya can reach its target of Zero new HIV infections.
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Meyrow, Arnold Burt. "The effect of on-screen instructor gender and expressivity upon adult learning of basic computer skills from an instructional videotape". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39875.
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Rajabi, Paak Mina. "The epidemic of spectacles : the HIV/AIDS pandemic, visual culture and the philanthropic documentary archive of the global South". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50083.
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In the twenty years since the recognition of HIV/AIDS as a pandemic, the disease has become a global challenge, which is not only of medical nature, but also involves various political, social, and cultural factors. As Simon Watney once wrote, “AIDS is not only a medical crisis on an unparalleled scale, it involves a crisis of representation itself” (3). And indeed, HIV/AIDS visual culture and the politics of representation have become integral to our understanding of the meaning of the pandemic. Within the epidemic’s visual culture, AIDS documentaries stand out as one of the most prominent forms of media for narrating the pandemic and creating its global image. My thesis looks at the HIV/AIDS visual culture by documenting and analyzing the transformation of the AIDS documentary archive—both in form and focus—from the radical works of the earlier years (1980s to mid-1990s) in the West to the more conventional documentaries of the later years in and about the global South. Concentrating on this recent AIDS documentary archive concerned with the global South, I discuss how the colonial and stereotypical visuals of the pandemic in the global South find their way into the growing archive of what I call “philanthropic documentaries”: a tradition of globally-oriented documentary making that focuses on the state of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the global South and which is aimed at attracting financial and political aid from the outsider—mostly Western—viewers by presenting narratives and visuals that initiate effects of shock and sympathy. Yet such well-intentioned filmmaking does as much harm as good by dehumanizing its subjects and failing to show anything other than geographies of despair when it documents the pandemic. Consequently, what the thesis argues for is the need for the formation and growth of an alternative AIDS documentary archive that actively challenges and diversifies what has been established over the years as the image of the pandemic in the global South by philanthropic documentaries and other visual representations of the like, through destabilizing the normative spectacles of the pandemic, representing the excluded and marginalized narratives and, most importantly, visibilizing its own frames.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Murray, Jacqueline Ruth. "A visual analysis of HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy print campaign materials found in four Western Cape community clinic environments". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23426.
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Print media campaign material strongly influences people's perceptions of illness and health and the role and purpose of medication (NSMC, 2010: np). Because adherence is critical to the successful management of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART) into the South African health sector presented a major communications challenge, namely how best to communicate awareness and administration of the drugs and how they should be taken. Over the past ten years, the government Department of Health (DoH), the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), and other prominent nongovernmental HIV/AIDS organizations (NGOs) such as Love Life, Soul City and the Bishop Tutu Foundation have defined a number of different objectives aimed at the promotion of prescription generic antiretroviral drugs (Venter, 2014:3). This has led to an increase in the number of campaigns, each having singular visual representations of HIV/AIDS and users' relationships to antiretroviral drugs. Despite this, stigma and distrust around HIV/AIDS is prominent among the South African public (Rubincam, 2013:13). As a result, there remains a large amount of ambivalence toward the impact of ART on the body and its place within many communities. This has a direct bearing on issues of adherence. For this reason, it is important to study the nature and efficacy of the materials currently being used for social marketing in this context. This qualitative study therefore questions the nature of the current visual language of ART related leaflets and posters found in four Western Cape community clinics and asks whether the content effectively communicates an understanding of antiretroviral therapy, specifically around issues of adherence. In this study, I aim to identify ART adherence social marketing communication strategies used by leading NGOs and the DoH in South Africa. The nature of the visual and textual representations of antiretroviral print media campaign materials found in four Western Cape community clinic environments is established. The purpose of this research is to provide contemporary and useful information on the style, content, and design of social marketing materials in the hope that it will add significant value for further research on ART adherence. This study is a microanalysis focused on quality, not quantity. The investigation is modest. It does not consider a large sample and is intended as a starting point for further research. I hope to identify possible gaps between the combination of messages offered in leaflet and poster print media, and the needs of those infected with the virus, especially at a time when it necessitates they begin ART. The intended impact of this research is to encourage an increased understanding and awareness by government and NGO marketing departments of their campaign material so that it facilitates the transition onto treatment in a way that is empowering, informative, empathetic, and responsible.