Artykuły w czasopismach: „Visible light wireless communications”

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Almadani, Yousef, David Plets, Sander Bastiaens, Wout Joseph, Muhammad Ijaz, Zabih Ghassemlooy i Sujan Rajbhandari. "Visible Light Communications for Industrial Applications—Challenges and Potentials". Electronics 9, nr 12 (16.12.2020): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122157.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a short-range optical wireless communication technology that has been gaining attention due to its potential to offload heavy data traffic from the congested radio wireless spectrum. At the same time, wireless communications are becoming crucial to smart manufacturing within the scope of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is a developing trend of high-speed data exchange in automation for manufacturing technologies and is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. This trend requires fast, reliable, low-latency, and cost-effective data transmissions with fast synchronizations to ensure smooth operations for various processes. VLC is capable of providing reliable, low-latency, and secure connections that do not penetrate walls and is immune to electromagnetic interference. As such, this paper aims to show the potential of VLC for industrial wireless applications by examining the latest research work in VLC systems. This work also highlights and classifies challenges that might arise with the applicability of VLC and visible light positioning (VLP) systems in these settings. Given the previous work performed in these areas, and the major ongoing experimental projects looking into the use of VLC systems for industrial applications, the use of VLC and VLP systems for industrial applications shows promising potential.

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Manousiadis, Pavlos P., Kou Yoshida, Graham A. Turnbull i Ifor D. W. Samuel. "Organic semiconductors for visible light communications". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2169 (2.03.2020): 20190186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0186.

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Organic semiconductors are an important class of optoelectronic material that are widely studied because of the scope for tuning their properties by tuning their chemical structure, and simple fabrication to make flexible films and devices. Although most effort has focused on developing displays and lighting from these materials, their distinctive properties also make them of interest for visible light communications (VLCs). This article explains how their properties make them suitable for VLC and reviews the main uses that have been explored. On the transmitter side, record white VLC communication has been achieved by using organic semiconductors as colour converters, while direct modulation of organic light-emitting diodes is also possible and could be of interest for display-to-display communication. On the receiver side, organic solar cells can be used to harvest power and data simultaneously, and fluorescent antennas enable fast and sensitive receivers with large field of view. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Lee, Daechun, Kyungmook Choi, Ki-Doo Kim i Youngil Park. "Visible light wireless communications based on predistorted OFDM". Optics Communications 285, nr 7 (kwiecień 2012): 1767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.12.048.

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Miramirkhani, Farshad, i Murat Uysal. "Channel modelling for indoor visible light communications". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2169 (2.03.2020): 20190187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0187.

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Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for wireless communication purposes in addition to their primary purpose of illumination. As in any other communication system, realistic channel modelling is a key for VLC system design, analysis and testing. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of indoor VLC channel models. In order to set the background, we start with an overview of infrared (IR) channel modelling, which has received much attention in the past, and highlight the differences between visible and IR optical bands. In the light of these, we present a comparative discussion of existing VLC channel modelling studies and point out the relevant advantages and disadvantages. Then, we provide a detailed description of a site-specific channel modelling approach based on non-sequential ray tracing that precisely captures the optical propagation characteristics of a given indoor environment. We further present channel models for representative deployment scenarios developed through this approach that were adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) as reference channel models. Finally, we consider mobile VLC scenarios and investigate the effect of receiver location and rotation for a mobile indoor user. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Kinny, Tyran, Franklin Puthuva, Ashore Komban i Dipti Belekar. "DATA COMMUNICATION USING VISIBLE LIGHT". International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, nr 5 (27.09.2015): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.354.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) using a Light Fidelity system, as proposed by a German physicist—Harald Haas, provides transmission of data through illumination by sending data through an LED light source that varies in intensity that can be controlled and adjusted such that it appears as normal light to the naked human eye. Here the property of persistence of vision of the human eye is exploited for additional application of a free, sustainable and green source that can be used for wireless communication at very fast data rates. This paper focuses on developing a low cost Li-Fi based system and analyses its performance with respect to existing wireless technology. Wi-Fi is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, whereas Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area and for relieving radio interference issues. Li-Fi based system provides better bandwidth, efficiency, availability and security than Wi-Fi and has already achieved higher data rates. By leveraging the low-cost nature of LEDs and lighting units there are many opportunities to exploit this medium, from public internet access through day-to-day light sources which have their primary purpose of only emitting light. This project envisions a future where data for communication devices will be transmitted through the visible spectrum thus de-clogging the currently overused RF spectrum.

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Ahmed, Iqrar, Heikki Karvonen, Timo Kumpuniemi i Marcos Katz. "Wireless Communications for the Hospital of the Future: Requirements, Challenges and Solutions". International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 27, nr 1 (28.10.2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-019-00468-1.

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Abstract In this conceptual paper, we discuss the concept of hospital of the future (HoF) and the requirements for its wireless connectivity. The HoF will be mostly wireless, connecting patients, healthcare professionals, sensors, computers and medical devices. Spaces of the HoF are first characterized in terms of communicational performance requirements. In order to fulfil the stringent requirements of future healthcare scenarios, such as enhanced performance, security, safety, privacy, and spectrum usage, we propose a flexible hybrid optical-radio wireless network to provide efficient, high-performance wireless connectivity for the HoF. We introduce the concept of connected HoF exploiting reconfigurable hybrid optical-radio networks. Such a network can be dynamically reconfigured to transmit and receive optical, radio or both signals, depending on the requirements of the application. We envisage that HoF will consist of numerous communication devices and hybrid optical-radio access points to transmit data using radio waves and visible light. Light-based communications exploit the idea of visible light communications (VLC), where solid-state luminaries, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) provide both room illumination as well as optical wireless communications (OWC). The hybrid radio-optical communication system can be used in principle in every scenario of the HoF. In addition to the hybrid access, we also propose a reconfigurable optical-radio communications wireless body area network (WBAN), extending the conventional WBAN to more generic and highly flexible solution. As the radio spectrum is becoming more and more congested, hybrid wireless network approach is an attractive solution to use the spectrum more efficiently. The concept of HoF aims at enhancing healthcare while using hospital resources efficiently. The enormous surge in novel communication technologies such as internet of things (IoT) sensors and wireless medical communications devices could be undermined by spectral congestion, security, safety and privacy issues of radio networks. The considered solution, combining optical and radio transmission network could increase spectral efficiency, enhancing privacy while reducing patient exposure to radio frequency (RF). Parallel radio-optical communications can enhance reliability and security. We also discuss possible operation scenarios and applications that can be introduced in HoF as well as outline potential challenges.

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Yu, Tai-Cheng, Wei-Ta Huang, Wei-Bin Lee, Chi-Wai Chow, Shu-Wei Chang i Hao-Chung Kuo. "Visible Light Communication System Technology Review: Devices, Architectures, and Applications". Crystals 11, nr 9 (9.09.2021): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091098.

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Visible light communication (VLC) is an advanced, highly developed optical wireless communication (OWC) technology that can simultaneously provide lighting and high-speed wireless data transmission. A VLC system has several key advantages: ultra-high data rate, secure communication channels, and a lack of interference from electromagnetic (EM) waves, which enable a wide range of applications. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been considered the optimal choice for VLC systems since they can provide excellent illumination performance. However, the quantum confinement Stark effect (QCSE), crystal orientation, carrier lifetime, and recombination factor will influence the modulation bandwidth, and the transmission performance is severely limited. To solve the insufficient modulation bandwidth, micro-LEDs (μ-LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are considered as new ideal light sources. Additionally, the development of modulation technology has dramatically increased the transmission capacity of the system. The performance of the VLC system is briefly discussed in this review article, as well as some of its prospective applications in the realms of the industrial Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle communications, and underwater wireless network applications.

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Chaabawi, N. J. AL, H. Al Furiji, A. Dahir Alramadan i M. AL Shakban. "Text Transmission Using Visible Light Communication". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100335.

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Recently, WiFi wireless technology was used to send data by using radio signals, this paper will focus on LiFi technology which is an optical wireless networking technology that uses LEDs for the transmission of data using light-emitting diodes. LiFi production models were capable to transmit 150 megabits per second (Mbps). Visible light communication (VLC) is a facile method to overcome the spectrum crisis of radiofrequency. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is the wireless data transfer using LED. In this study LEDs have been used to transfer text between two computers using a processing software method, coding the Arduino Mega board by the Arduino software in both sender and receiver is observed. The system has worked better for a white LED than the red LED and IR LED. Experiments have shown that white is the most efficient color for transferring texts from one computer to another.

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Raj, Hritik, Charu Mitra, Gauri Shankar, Chandan Kumar i Harsh Raj. "Lifi wireless communication". International Journal of Innovative Research in Physics 2, nr 2 (1.01.2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijiip.2203.

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Li-Fi stands for Light-fidelity. The technology was very new and proposed by the German Physicist Harald Hass in 2011. Li-Fi basically aims to replace Wi-Fi by using light to transmit internet signals. It works on the principle of visible light communication I.e .use of visible light for communication. Though Li-Fi is a system that is capable of transmitting data at high speeds over the visible light, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum but in its present state only LED lambs can be used. It consists of a light bulb which is used as an emitter and a photo diode as a receiver. Li-Fi provides transmission of data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow .It is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area where there is no obstacle. It provides better bandwidth efficiency, availability& security than wifi. The technology is actively being developed by several organizations across the globe. In this project we tried to show a basic prototype of wireless data transmission using LiFi and what future it holds within itself for the new generation needs

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Zadobrischi, Eduard. "The Concept regarding Vehicular Communications Based on Visible Light Communication and the IoT". Electronics 12, nr 6 (12.03.2023): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061359.

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The most controversial technology—visible light communication—is becoming increasingly promising in the field of wireless networks, being ideal for many indoor and outdoor applications. This article proposes VLC methods and architectures capable of providing high security in vehicles and in their communications with the environment or other cars in traffic. The architectures proposed involve the inclusion of ambient lighting equipment and systems and indoor and outdoor lighting systems, such as headlights, traffic lights, and stoplights. Securing data within vehicular networks and validating them through multiple layers of filtering at the level of the physical PHY layer would drastically strengthen the position of VLC. They are the only source of information through which direct contact is maintained with the other entities in the network. The evaluations and proposals presented here are highly viable and deserve future consideration in light of the results obtained in the practical steps carried out in the research process.

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Shrestha, Surendra. "Hadamard Coded Modulation for Visible Light Communication". Journal of Nepal Physical Society 4, nr 1 (22.05.2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v4i1.17342.

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In the recent days, Visible Light Communication (VLC), a novel technology that enables standard Light-Emitting-Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data, is gaining significant attention. However, to date, there is very little research on its deployment. The enormous and growing user demand for wireless data is placing huge pressure on existing Wi-Fi technology, which uses the radio and microwave frequency spectrum. Also the radio and microwave frequency spectrum is heavily used and overcrowded. On the other hand, visible light spectrum has huge, unused and unregulated capacity for communications (about 10,000 times greater bandwidth compared to radio spectrum). Li-Fi, the wireless technology based on VLC, is successfully tested with very high speed in lab and also implemented commercially. In the near future, this technology could enable devices containing LEDs, such as car lights, city lights, screens and home appliances, to form their own networks for high speed, secure communication. In this paper the performance analysis of Hadamard Coded Modulation (HCM) for Visible Light Communication (VLC) is carried out. Its performance is compared with that of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Also wide overview of need of VLC, applications of VLC and design challenges for VLC are observed. The potential application areas of VLC that are identified include smart lighting of buildings, vehicular communication, defense & security, indoor positioning, road safety, hospitals & healthcare, aviation etc. Aside from the high bandwidth availability of VLC, it has the advantages of very high speed, enhanced security of local networks, less susceptible to interference, less expensive due to co-existence with illumination devices and obviously no fear of health hazards due to radiation.Journal of Nepal Physical Society Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2017, Page: 93-96

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Oh, Seoyeon, Minseok Yu, Seonghyeon Cho, Song Noh i Hyunchae Chun. "Bi-LSTM-Augmented Deep Neural Network for Multi-Gbps VCSEL-Based Visible Light Communication Link". Sensors 22, nr 11 (30.05.2022): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114145.

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With the remarkable advances in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in recent decades, VCSELs have been considered promising light sources in the field of optical wireless communications. However, off-the-shelf VCSELs still have a limited modulation bandwidth to meet the multi-Gb/s data rate requirements imposed on the next-generation wireless communication system. Recently, employing machine learning (ML) techniques as a method to tackle such issues has been intriguing for researchers in wireless communication. In this work, through a systematic analysis, it is shown that the ML technique is also very effective in VCSEL-based visible light communication. Using a commercial VCSEL and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM)-based ML scheme, a high-speed visible light communication (VLC) link with a data rate of 13.5 Gbps is demonstrated, which is the fastest single channel result from a cost-effective, off-the-shelf VCSEL device, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.

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., Liju Sajan. "WIRELESS DATA TRANSFER USING VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, nr 15 (25.04.2015): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0415014.

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Mapunda, Galefang Allycan, Reuben Ramogomana, Leatile Marata, Bokamoso Basutli, Amjad Saeed Khan i Joseph Monamati Chuma. "Indoor Visible Light Communication: A Tutorial and Survey". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (10.12.2020): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881305.

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With the advancement of solid-state devices for lighting, illumination is on the verge of being completely restructured. This revolution comes with numerous advantages and viable opportunities that can transform the world of wireless communications for the better. Solid-state LEDs are rapidly replacing the contemporary incandescent and fluorescent lamps. In addition to their high energy efficiency, LEDs are desirable for their low heat generation, long lifespan, and their capability to switch on and off at an extremely high rate. The ability of switching between different levels of luminous intensity at such a rate has enabled the inception of a new communication technology referred to as visible light communication (VLC). With this technology, the LED lamps are additionally being used for data transmission. This paper provides a tutorial and a survey of VLC in terms of the design, development, and evaluation techniques as well as current challenges and their envisioned solutions. The focus of this paper is mainly directed towards an indoor setup. An overview of VLC, theory of illumination, system receivers, system architecture, and ongoing developments are provided. We further provide some baseline simulation results to give a technical background on the performance of VLC systems. Moreover, we provide the potential of incorporating VLC techniques in the current and upcoming technologies such as fifth-generation (5G), beyond fifth-generation (B5G) wireless communication trends including sixth-generation (6G), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) among others.

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Sejan, Mohammad Abrar Shakil, Md Habibur Rahman, Md Abdul Aziz, Dong-Sun Kim, Young-Hwan You i Hyoung-Kyu Song. "A Comprehensive Survey on MIMO Visible Light Communication: Current Research, Machine Learning and Future Trends". Sensors 23, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020739.

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Visible light communication (VLC) has contributed new unused spectrum in addition to the traditional radio frequency communication and can play a significant role in wireless communication. The adaptation of VLC technology enhances wireless connectivity both in indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication has been an efficient technique for increasing wireless communications system capacity and performance. With the advantages of MIMO techniques, VLC can achieve an additional degree of freedom. In this paper, we systematically perform a survey of the existing work based on MIMO VLC. We categorize the types of different MIMO techniques, and a brief description is given. Different problem-solving approaches are given in the subsequent sections. In addition, machine learning approaches are also discussed in sufficient detail. Finally, we identify the future study direction for MIMO-based communication in VLC.

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Udvary, Eszter. "Visible Light Communication Survey". Infocommunications journal, nr 2 (2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2019.2.3.

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Communication applying visible light technology is a novel approach. Visible Light Communication (VLC) development is motivated by the increasing demand for wireless communication technologies. It has the potential to provide highspeed data communication with good security and improved energy efficiency. The rapid evolution of VLC was sustained by the LEDs performances. The Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) luminaires are capable of switching to the different light intensity at a fast rate. This function can be used for data transmission. This article focuses on the physical layer of the VLC links. It reviews the technology, the topology of the proposed connection, and the benefits of this approach. The main research trends are identified emphasizing state of the art in this area. It shows how VLC technology evolved and what are the performances achieved at this time. Various structures of the transmitter and receiver are studied, and different modulation schemes are investigated. Finally, numerous applications of VLC technology are presented.

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Wu, Shaoen, Honggang Wang i Chan-Hyun Youn. "Visible light communications for 5G wireless networking systems: from fixed to mobile communications". IEEE Network 28, nr 6 (listopad 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2014.6963803.

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Zvánovec, Stanislav, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Rafael Perez-Jimenez i Luis Nero Alves. "Editorial to the Special Issue on “Visible Light Communications, Networking, and Sensing”". Sensors 21, nr 12 (10.06.2021): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124004.

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C. A. D, Pahalson, i Nanchen Nimyel Caleb. "5G Wireless Communications for Future Internet of Things: The Need for Free-Space Optical/Visible Light Communication Technology". International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 8, nr 12 (30.12.2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2019.v08i12.001.

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IoT networks have some important characteristics. Some key requirements of the IoT are low device cost, low deployment cost, high energy efficiency, high security and privacy, and support for a large number of devices. The LED-based OWC systems have all the great features required to support the IoT. The key technologies currently used for IoT connectivity are Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and WiFi. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard that has been widely used for IoT applications. The Internet of Things (IoT) based on the tactile internet will also be an essential part of the 5G communication systems. Accordingly, 5G wireless networks will face numerous challenges in supporting the extensive verities of heterogeneous networks and in satisfying the mentioned service-quality-related parameters. Optical wireless communication (OWC), along with many other wireless technologies, is a promising candidate for serving the demands of 5G communication systems.

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Beguni, Cătălin, Alin-Mihai Căilean, Sebastian-Andrei Avătămăniței, Eduard Zadobrischi, Raul Stoler, Mihai Dimian, Valentin Popa, Bastien Béchadergue i Luc Chassagne. "In-Vehicle Visible Light Communications Data Transmission System Using Optical Fiber Distributed Light: Implementation and Experimental Evaluation". Sensors 22, nr 18 (6.09.2022): 6738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186738.

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Visible light communications emerges as a promising wireless communication technology that has been found suitable for numerous indoor and outdoor applications. In this article, a new in-vehicle VLC system is designed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated. The purpose of this new system is to provide car passengers with optical wireless communications. The proposed system consists of a VLC emitter integrated into the vehicle’s ambient lighting system and a mobile VLC receiver. Unlike any previous works, this article proposes a VLC emitter in which the light from a 3 W LED is distributed on a 2 square meter surface using 500 optical fibers whose main purpose is a decorative one. The proposed prototype has been implemented on a car and evaluated in relevant working conditions. The experimental evaluation of the proposed system has demonstrated the viability of the proposed concept and showed a data rate of 250 kb/s while providing a BER lower than 10−7. As far as we know, the proposed concept is totally new in the VLC literature, opening a new area of utilization for VLC technology: using VLC with optical fiber distributed light.

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Lin, Xin. "Wavelength-Adaptation Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Network Using Visible Light Communications". Advances in Computer and Communication 1, nr 1 (29.10.2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/acc.2020.12.002.

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LIN, Xin. "Adaptive Control for LED-Based Underwater Wireless Communications Using Visible Light". IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E100.A, nr 1 (2017): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e100.a.185.

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Leccese, Fabio, i Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo. "State-of-the art and perspectives of underwater optical wireless communications". ACTA IMEKO 10, nr 4 (30.12.2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1097.

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In scientific, military, and industrial sectors, the development of robust and efficient submarine wireless communication links is of enormous interest. Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Underwater optical communication is not a new idea, but it has recently been considered because seawater exhibits a window of reduced absorption both in the visible spectrum and long-wavelength UV light (UV-A). Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic counterpart, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. Underwater wireless communication networks are important in ocean exploration, military tactical operations, environmental and water pollution monitoring. Anyway, given the rapid development of UOWC technology, documents are still needed showing the state of the art and the progress made by the most current research. This paper aims to examine current technologies, and those potentially available soon, for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication and to propose a new perspective using UV-A radiation.

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Matsushima, Tomoko K., Shoichiro Yamasaki, Kyohei Ono i Hirokazu Tanaka. "Visible-Light CDMA Communications Using Inverted Spread Sequences". Electronics 11, nr 12 (8.06.2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121823.

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Visible-light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is gaining attention in the wireless communication field. LEDs can be used as data transmitters without losing their main functionality as lighting devices. In some VLC applications, such as traffic signs and road signals in intelligent transportation systems, high brightness is required to help people recognize the signs and signals conveyed by the light sources. In this paper, the use of inverted modified prime sequence codes (MPSCs) is shown to be efficient for increasing brightness in an optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) system for VLC, while the original MPSCs, namely non-inverted codes, provide much lower brightness. The average light intensity of a system using an inverted MPSC is several times the intensity of a system using an original MPSC, without losing the capabilities of channel multiplexing and multi-user interference canceling. Average light intensity and normalized fluctuation are investigated for the optical CDMA systems with the original and inverted MPSCs. The results show that the systems with the inverted MPSCs provide higher average light intensity and lower normalized fluctuation than the systems with the original MPSCs do. Moreover, the bit error rates of the systems with the inverted MPSCs are evaluated by computer simulation and compared with those of the systems with the original MPSCs.

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Bao, Song Jian. "LED Visible Light Communication System Design and Performance Optimization Based on Ethernet". Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (lipiec 2013): 1920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1920.

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To satisfy the requirements of visible light wireless communication technology, designed LED visible light communication application system based on Ethernet. Influence factors of system performance were studied and took specific measures to optimize system performance. Reduced the influence of background light, improved the communication distance, inhibited LED light source tailing phenomenon, and improved the rate of the edge of the LED. The LED visible light communication technology blends into the Ethernet, provides a new solution for wireless broadband access, this solution has the broad application prospect.

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Faruq, Omar, Kazi Rubaiyat Shahriar Rahman, Nusrat Jahan, Sakib Rokoni i Mosa Rabeya. "Li-Fi technology-based long-range FSO data transmit system evaluation". Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 5, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v5i1.id192.

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Visible light is used by a technology known as Light Fidelity to establish wireless internet connections very quickly. This article offers line-of-sight communication between the transmitter and receiver using LED technology. Li-Fi technology is a method that transmits data using LED light, which is faster and more efficient than Wi-Fi. Since it is practically ubiquitous, light can be used for communication as well. A cutting-edge technology called optical communication includes a subset called Li-Fi. By sending out visible light, the Li-Fi device enables wireless intranet communication. An in-depth study and analysis of Li-Fi, a novel technology that transmits data at high speeds over a wide spectrum by using light as a medium of transmission.

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Kim, Sung-Man, i Seong-Min Kim. "Wireless visible light communication technology using optical beamforming". Optical Engineering 52, nr 10 (3.10.2013): 106101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.10.106101.

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Riurean, S., M. Leba, A. Ionica, O. Stoicuta i C. Buioca. "Visible light wireless data communication in industrial environments". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 572 (2.08.2019): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/572/1/012095.

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Gong, Chen. "Visible Light Communication and Positioning: Present and Future". Electronics 8, nr 7 (15.07.2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070788.

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Riurean, Simona. "Design and Evaluation of Visible Light Wireless Data Communication Models". Journal of Digital Science 2, nr 2 (29.12.2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2686-8296.2.2_1.

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The technologies based on the radio frequency used for wireless transmission indoor are more congested than ever these days, therefore several wireless communication alternatives are intensively searched. Some most promising technologies are based on the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The benefits and drawbacks in optical wireless data communication models design are presented in this work. The key characteristics of the VLC systems are briefly discussed, as well. Some models developed for wireless data transfer in visible light communication and infrared are presented, and their operation related to the data rate and the length of the optical link, are briefly compared.

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Bamiedakis, N., R. V. Penty i I. H. White. "Carrierless amplitude and phase modulation in wireless visible light communication systems". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2169 (2.03.2020): 20190181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0181.

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Visible light communications (VLCs) have attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to the potential to simultaneously achieve data transmission and illumination using low-cost light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the high-speed capability of such links is typically limited by the low bandwidth of LEDs. As a result, spectrally efficient advanced modulation formats have been considered for use in VLC links in order to mitigate this issue and enable higher data rates. Carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation is one such spectrally efficient scheme that has attracted significant interest in recent years owing to its good potential and practical implementation. In this paper, we introduce the basic features of CAP modulation and review its use in the context of indoor VLC systems. We describe some of its attributes and inherent limitations, present related advances aiming to improve its performance and potential and report on recent experimental demonstrations of LED-based VLC links employing CAP modulation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Li, Xiaoji, Leiming Sun, Jiemei Huang i Fanze Zeng. "Channel Polarization Scheme for Ocean Turbulence Channels in Underwater Visible Light Communication". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, nr 2 (3.02.2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020341.

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Underwater wireless communication technology plays an important role in marine environment monitoring and ecological protection. Underwater optical wireless communications (UWOCs) can currently achieve a transmission distance of hundreds of meters, and the rate can reach hundreds of Mbps or even Gbps, with low power consumption and high-speed features. In addition, UWOC also has the advantages of a small transceiver size and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, which is especially suitable for scenarios where underwater volume and power consumption are relatively limited. However, UWOC systems face problems such as unstable transceiver ends, ocean turbulence, and so on, resulting in reduced communication reliability and limited transmission distance. Establishing a stable and reliable communication link is critical to extending the communication distance of the UWOC system. In this paper, a model of ocean turbulence channels is established based on the power spectrum inversion method. The transmission characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) light in an ocean turbulence channel are studied, then the mode selection of OAM light is determined. At the same time, the polarization coding technique is applied to the underwater OAM communication system for the first time. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively extend the communication distance and reduce the system bit error rate.

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He, Cuiwei, i Chen Chen. "A Review of Advanced Transceiver Technologies in Visible Light Communications". Photonics 10, nr 6 (3.06.2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060648.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging technology that utilizes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for both indoor illumination and wireless communications. It has the potential to enhance the existing WiFi network and connect a large number of high-speed internet users in future smart home environments. Over the past two decades, VLC techniques have made significant strides, resulting in transmission data rates increasing from just a few Mbps to several tens of Gbps. These achievements can be attributed to the development of various transceiver technologies. At the transmitter, LEDs should provide high-quality light for illumination and support wide modulation bandwidths. Meanwhile, at the receiver, optics systems should have functions such as optical filtering, light concentration, and, ideally, a wide field of view (FOV). The photodetector must efficiently convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. Different VLC systems typically consider various transceiver designs. In this paper, we provide a survey of some important emerging technologies used to create advanced optical transceivers in VLC.

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Leccese, Fabio, i Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo. "LED-to-LED wireless communication between divers". ACTA IMEKO 10, nr 4 (30.12.2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1177.

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For military divers, having a robust, secure, and undetectable wireless communication system available is a fundamental element. Wireless intercoms using acoustic waves are currently used. These systems, even if reliable, have the defect of being easily identifiable and detectable. Visible light can pass through sea water. Therefore, light can be used to develop short-range wireless communication systems. To realize secure close-range underwater wireless communication, the Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) can be a valid alternative to acoustic wireless communication. UOWC is not a new idea, but the problem of the presence of sunlight and the possibility of using near-ultraviolet radiation (near-UV) has not been adequately addressed in the literature yet. In military applications, the possibility of using invisible optical radiation can be of great interest. In this paper, a feasibility study is carried out to demonstrate that UOWC can be performed using near-ultraviolet radiation. The proposed system can be useful for wireless voice communications between military divers as well as amateur divers.

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Abdalla, Iman, Michael B. Rahaim i Thomas D. C. Little. "Interference in multi-user optical wireless communications systems". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2169 (2.03.2020): 20190190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0190.

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Visible light communications (VLC) (including LiFi) represent a subset of the broader field of optical wireless communications. Where narrow beams, typical of free space optical communications are largely free from interference. VLC encompasses use cases involving combined illumination and data access and supporting a wireless access point (AP) model. The use of many units provides scaling of spatial coverage for both lighting and data access. However, AP replication in close proximity creates many interference challenges that motivate the investigation embodied in this paper. In particular, we frame the interference challenge in the context of existing strategies for driving improvements in link performance and consider the impacts of multiple users, multiple sources and multiple cells. Lastly, we review the state of existing research in this area and recommend areas for further study. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Zadobrischi, Eduard. "Analysis and Experiment of Wireless Optical Communications in Applications Dedicated to Mobile Devices with Applicability in the Field of Road and Pedestrian Safety". Sensors 22, nr 3 (28.01.2022): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031023.

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Current developments and the need for high-performance devices that provide safe and reliable communications present a future perspective by using visible light as an alternative solution that can substantially improve road and pedestrian safety. The daily use of smartphones is imperative; thus one can build on this premise a system dedicated to the aforementioned problem. However, the problem of the visible light communication channel (VLC) is highly dynamic and becomes extremely unpredictable in terms of exposure to noise sources. Developing applications dedicated to direct communications with infrastructure and vehicles using portable devices is becoming a challenge and at the same time a necessary solution. The article proposes the shaping of an emission–reception architecture dedicated to adaptive fuse light communications using OCC (optical camera communication) but also standard VLC communications using ambient light sensors via an Android application. This approach aims to provide a first step in shaping information-sharing applications using VLC communications. As far as we know, this approach has not been implemented in external VLC systems. The performance of the architecture and the application was demonstrated by practical tests that confirmed the capacity of the technology even if we are in the first stage.

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Jalil, Reyhane, Adnan Sabbar, Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen i Feryal Ibrahim Jabbar. "Design and implementation of PC to PC data transmission using wireless visible light communication system". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, nr 3 (1.06.2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1423-1428.

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In this paper a laser-based visible light communication system for PC to PC data transmission has been designed, simulated, and implemented. This type of communication uses light waves in the visible spectrum (380 nm to 750 nm) to deliver data. Visible light communication is any way of transmitting data using visible light. In order to avoid being detected by human eyes, this kind of communication sends information at a slower rate than human vision. Visible light communication is significantly more reliable and capable of high information transmission rates than existing wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and others that use radio frequency spectrum. Laser-based visible light communication systems are low-cost, low-power, and do not require radio interference studies. A diode laser is frequently used to create the signal carrier. Due to its high efficiency, it can transmit data as well as illuminate. Light waves can't be intercepted because they can't penetrate opaque objects, signifying a very secure connection.

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Loureiro, Pedro A., Fernando P. Guiomar i Paulo P. Monteiro. "Visible Light Communications: A Survey on Recent High-Capacity Demonstrations and Digital Modulation Techniques". Photonics 10, nr 9 (30.08.2023): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10090993.

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In order to deal with the increasing number of mobile devices and with their demand for Internet services, particularly social media platforms, streaming video, and online gaming, Radio-Frequency (RF) wireless networks have been pushed to their capacity limits. In addition to this, 80% of the total data traffic is carried out by users inside buildings. Therefore, new technologies have started to be considered for indoor wireless communications. Visible Light Communications (VLC) can provide both illumination and communications, appearing as an alternative or complement to RF wireless networks. VLC offers high bandwidth and immunity to interference from electromagnetic sources. This manuscript reviews recent high-capacity VLC demonstrations. The main focus of this work is to present digital-signal-processing techniques used in VLC systems. Different modulation formats are analyzed, which can be divided into two large groups, namely single-carrier and multi-carrier modulation schemes. Finally, some recently proposed capacity-achieving strategies are presented. We discuss how to implement these techniques and how they will be useful for the continued development of VLC systems.

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Azhar, Ahmad Helmi, Tuan-Anh Tran i Dominic O'Brien. "A Gigabit/s Indoor Wireless Transmission Using MIMO-OFDM Visible-Light Communications". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 25, nr 2 (styczeń 2013): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2231857.

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Torres-Zapata, Edmundo, Victor Guerra, Jose Rabadan, Martin Luna-Rivera i Rafael Perez-Jimenez. "MAC/PHY Comprehensive Visible Light Communication Networks Simulation". Sensors 20, nr 21 (23.10.2020): 6014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216014.

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In this paper, the effect of channel conditions on the global behavior of a wireless Visible Light Communications (VLC) optical network are studied. It presents a system-level simulator that considers jointly a channel propagation model and the MAC mechanisms to have a realistic description of the network, even in situations where the emitted signal is heavily affected by reflections in any close surface or obstacle. The resulting platform also accurately evaluates both Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (NLOS) contributions on each node and enables the effective use of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) schemes as defined by IEEE 802.15.7r1 standard, as well as allows a correct evaluation of lifelike problems such as the effect of hidden nodes. This work shows the necessity of accurately modeling VLC MAC layer performances, taking also into account the physical nature of visible light propagation in indoor scenarios.

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Lian, Jie, Mohammad Noshad i Maïté Brandt-Pearce. "Indoor multiuser visible light communication systems using Hadamard-coded modulation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2169 (2.03.2020): 20190183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0183.

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Visible light communications (VLC) is a short-range optical wireless communication technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as lighting devices and data transmitters. This paper describes a multiuser VLC system using Hadamard-coded modulation (HCM) for indoor data transmission. Considering the peak transmitted power limit of the LEDs, a DC-reduced HCM (DCR-HCM) is used to reduce the nonlinear clipping distortion. Since the Hadamard codewords have different bandwidth requirements for a given symbol rate, they can be assigned to users with varying hardware capabilities. Optimally assigning codewords to users is found to significantly improve the average throughput, up to twice higher than a random assignment for a typical scenario. When the number of active users is less than the size of the Hadamard matrix used, more than one codeword can be assigned per user, which further improves the throughput. This paper also examines a scenario where multiple lamps in an indoor space transmit the same data. Since the time of arrival for the received signals emitted from different lamps is different, the Hadamard codes received are no longer orthogonal, resulting in multiple access interference and inter-chip interference. The number of acceptable codewords is computed based on the specific interference experienced in different parts of the indoor space. The spatial distribution of the maximum throughput is also simulated, showing that the ratio of the maximum to the minimum data rate can be as high as 10 when considering the entire area of a typical indoor room. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Shi, Jianyang, Wenqing Niu, Yinaer Ha, Zengyi Xu, Ziwei Li, Shaohua Yu i Nan Chi. "AI-Enabled Intelligent Visible Light Communications: Challenges, Progress, and Future". Photonics 9, nr 8 (29.07.2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080529.

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Visible light communication (VLC) is a highly promising complement to conventional wireless communication for local-area networking in future 6G. However, the extra electro-optical and photoelectric conversions in VLC systems usually introduce exceeding complexity to communication channels, in particular severe nonlinearities. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are investigated to overcome the unique challenges in VLC, whereas considerable obstacles are found in practical VLC systems applied with intelligent learning approaches. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the intelligent physical and network layer technologies for AI-empowered intelligent VLC (IVLC). We first depict a full model of the visible light channel and discuss its main challenges. The advantages and disadvantages of machine learning in VLC are discussed and analyzed by simulation. We then present a detailed overview of advances in intelligent physical layers, including optimal coding, channel emulator, MIMO, channel equalization, and optimal decision. Finally, we envision the prospects of IVLC in both the intelligent physical and network layers. This article lays out a roadmap for developing machine learning-based intelligent visible light communication in 6G.

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Kim, So-Yong, Cheol-Min Kim i Seok-Joo Koh. "Framework of IoT Services over Unidirectional Visible Lights Communication Networks". Electronics 9, nr 9 (20.08.2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091349.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been noted as an emerging technology for communications in wireless local area networks. VLC provides some distinctive features over the conventional wireless access technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or ZigBee. The most prominent feature of VLC is that it can provide more exact location information, since it is based on a particular light. In addition, VLC can reduce the frequency interferences from numerous wireless channels, since it uses a completely different radio frequency channel from the conventional wireless access technologies. Thus, VLC can be used for Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. Nevertheless, up to now, not enough studies on how to provide IoT services over VLC networks have been conducted. In this paper, we propose a framework to provide IoT services in VLC networks. In particular, we will consider the unidirectional VLC network, in which the downlink channel from the VLC transmitter to the VLC receiver is given by using VLC communication, whereas the uplink channel from the VLC receiver to the VLC transmitter is implemented by using another wireless access technology, such as Wi-Fi. This is because most of the VLC receivers, such as mobile phones, cannot support the uplink VLC communication. Based on the framework of IoT services over unidirectional VLC, in this paper, we also propose the VLC–IoT protocol (VIP) which is an application layer protocol for data transport with the session management functionality that can be used to effectively provide IoT services among IoT servers, VLC transmitters and VLC receivers in the networks. The proposed VIP protocol is implemented by using the Cooja simulator. For performance analysis, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing CoAP-based scheme that does not provide the session management. From a variety of simulation experiments, we see that the proposed scheme can provide lower data transmission and handover delays, compared to the existing scheme.

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Aller, Daniel G., Diego G. Lamar, Juan Rodriguez, Pablo F. Miaja, Valentin Francisco Romero, Jose Mendiolagoitia i Javier Sebastian. "Adapting Techniques to Improve Efficiency in Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Visible Light Communications". Electronics 9, nr 1 (10.01.2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010131.

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It is well known that modern wireless communications systems need linear, wide bandwidth, efficient Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers (RFPAs). However, conventional configurations of RFPAs based on Class A, Class B, and Class AB exhibit extremely low efficiencies when they manage signals with a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Traditionally, a number of techniques have been proposed either to achieve linearity in the case of efficient Switching-Mode RFPAs or to improve the efficiency of linear RFPAs. There are two categories in the application of aforementioned techniques. First, techniques based on the use of Switching-Mode DC–DC converters with a very-fast-output response (faster than 1 µs). Second, techniques based on the interaction of several RFPAs. The current expansion of these techniques is mainly due to their application in cellphone networks, but they can also be applied in other promising wireless communications systems such as Visible Light Communication (VLC). The main contribution of this paper is to show how Envelope Tracking (ET), Envelope and Elimination (EER), Outphasing, and Doherty techniques can be helpful in developing more efficient VLC transmitters capable of reaching high bit-rates (higher than 1 Mbps) by using advance modulation schemes. Finally, two examples based on the application of the Outphasing technique and the use of a Linear-Assisted Envelope Amplifier (EA) to VLC are presented and experimentally verified.

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D. Ponnimbaduge Perera, Tharindu, Akashkumar Rajaram, Sangay Chedup, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody i Bin Chen. "Hybrid RF/visible light communication in downlink wireless system". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2.28 (16.05.2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.12943.

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The spectrum crunch in Radio Frequency (RF) Communication and the prospect of Visible Light Communication (VLC) as an alternative to RF has made way for high speed VLC deployment. The ubiquitous coverage of RF and the high speed data rate achieved with VLC, make the two technologies complimentary to each other, making the hybrid RF/VLC an emerging trend in wireless networks. This study presents a downlink communication of a hybrid RF-VLC, where the signal received through RF channel by a relay is decoded and the symbols are converted into an electrical signals. The electrical signal is fed to an array of LEDs in the relay where data is transmitted in rays of light from LEDs. The hybrid RFVLC system performance is compared with a conventional RF system to understand the performance difference between the two communication models. Thus, the performance of both system models are analysed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Outage Probability. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid RF-VLC system is superior to conventional lone RF cooperative system.

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Bao, Jing-Jing, Qiang Mai i Jih-Fu Tu. "Study of Cooperative Strategy Based on Space–Time Labeling Diversity in Indoor Visible Light Communication Systems". Symmetry 12, nr 5 (2.05.2020): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050702.

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As an emerging technique of wireless communication, visible light communication is experiencing a boom in the global communications field, and the dream of accessing the Internet with light is fast becoming a reality. Multiple input multiple output, which is a key technique in radio frequency communication, can multiply channel capacity. However, it suffers the trouble of too large channel correlation when directly applied to visible light communication. The aims of this paper were to investigate spatial modulation and cooperative communication, then put forward a cooperative strategy based on space–time labeling diversity for indoor visible light communication systems to achieve high reliability. This scheme was conceived in two steps: (1) a cooperative indoor visible light communication system with a source luminaire, a relay luminaire, and a destination receiver was set up by employing the idea of cooperative transmission. Relative to the destination receiver, these two luminaires can be symmetric or asymmetric in geographical distribution. (2) Space–time labeling diversity of the constellations at the source luminaire was re-adjusted at the relay luminaire to enlarge the product of the distance of corresponding points on both constellations and was introduced on the basis of spatial modulation. Furthermore, total bit error ratio of the proposed cooperative indoor visible light communication system was derived. This scheme was implemented through Monte Carlo simulation. Evaluations of performance demonstrated the superiority of the cooperative strategy based on space–time labeling diversity over conventional optical transmission schemes. The presented approach in this paper could be of some value and interest to those who are working on visible light communication devices.

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Kim, Byung Wook. "Secrecy Dimming Capacity in Multi-LED PAM-Based Visible Light Communications". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4094096.

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Recently, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has gained a lot of interest for researchers building the next-generation mobile applications. Because unauthorized access may cause serious problems, security and privacy with MCC have become significant issues. This paper addresses the secrecy dimming capacity of secure transmission in MCC over visible light communication (VLC) channels. By obtaining the entropy-maximizing symbol probability of multiple light emitting diode- (LED-) based pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), mathematical analysis of the secrecy dimming capacity of VLC was derived. Simulation results show that the secure transmission ability of multi-LED-based VLC is determined according to the number of activated LEDs and target dimming level. This can be a guideline for practical VLC-based mobile network designers intending to secure wireless transmission and to decide on the number of activated LEDs at target dimming level to operate.

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DARLIS, ARSYAD RAMADHAN, LITA LIDYAWATI i DECY NATALIANA. "Implementasi Visible Light Communication (VLC) Pada Sistem Komunikasi". ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 1, nr 1 (11.11.2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v1i1.13.

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ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup signifikan, terutama untuk bidang komunikasi. Hal ini terbukti dengan banyaknya media komunikasi baik itu nirkabel dan kabel. Pada penelitian ini dimanfaatkan cahaya tampak sebagai media dalam sistem komunikasi, dimana selama ini cahaya hanya digunakan sebagai penerangan saja. Visible Light Communication (VLC) adalah sebuah teknologi komunikasi yang memanfaatkan pancaran cahaya tampak dari lampu pada sistem komunikasi. Sistem komunikasi visible light ini terdiri dari pemancar dan penerima. Pemancar terdiri dari Light Emitting Dioda, audio transformator dan baterai, dan pada penerima terdiri dari solar cell dan photodioda, amplifier dan catu daya. Hal-hal yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil output sistem komunikasi adalah jarak, terang cahaya lampu pemancar dan cahaya luar. Pada penelitian ini, komunikasi menggunakan VLC dapat dilakukan pada jarak pengiriman data sebesar 2,5 m dan dengan range frekuensi 600 Hz sampai dengan 45 kHz dimana data dapat disalurkan dengan baik.Kata kunci: Visible light, Sistem komunikasi, Light Emitting Dioda, solar cell, photodioda.ABSTRACTTechnological developments have shown a significant increase, especially in the field of communication. This is proved by the many communications media using both wireless and wired. This study utilized the visible light as a medium of communication system, which has been used as an illumination light only. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a communication technology which utilize visible light emitted from the lamp in the communication system. The visible light communication system consists of a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter consists of a Light Emitting Diode, audio transformer and battery, and the receiver consists of a solar cell and a photodiode, amplifier and power supply. Things that can affect the output of the communication system is the distance, bright light and outdoor light. In the research, the results that obtained from this study is the data transmission distance of 2.5 m and a frequency range of 600 Hz to 45 kHz data can be routed properly.Keywords: Visible light, Communication systems, Light Emitting Dioda, solar cell, photodioda.

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Perković, Toni, Tonko Kovačević i Mario Čagalj. "BlinkComm: Initialization of IoT Devices Using Visible Light Communication". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (7.06.2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8523078.

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Many applications from the Internet of Things (IoT) domain used in healthcare, smart homes, and cities involve a large number of interconnected wireless devices. To ensure privacy, confidentiality, and integrity of the information, devices should be initialized prior to any communication. In this paper, we present a secure initialization method for constrained IoT devices such as wireless sensors devices and/or actuators. The solution uses visible light communication (VLC) for the initial configuration of the IoT devices. The VLC system consists of a modulated light source such as a smartphone screen and a very simple photodetector. We analyze known coding and modulation techniques used for the VLC and propose BlinkComm, a differential coding technique that achieves threefold increase in transmission speed compared to existing solutions. We showed through experiments with 32 participants that the proposed solution achieves fast completion times and low error rates as well as high user satisfaction levels.

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Li, X., N. Bamiedakis, X. Guo, J. J. D. McKendry, E. Xie, R. Ferreira, E. Gu, M. D. Dawson, R. V. Penty i I. H. White. "Wireless Visible Light Communications Employing Feed-Forward Pre-Equalization and PAM-4 Modulation". Journal of Lightwave Technology 34, nr 8 (15.04.2016): 2049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2520503.

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