Artykuły w czasopismach: „VIRTUALL PAYMENTS”

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Sabara, Edi, i Heriyanto. "SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBAYARAN SPP MENGGUNAKAN VIRTUAL ACCOUNT BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA SEKOLAH IMAM MUSLIM BEKASI". INFOTECH journal 9, nr 1 (20.02.2023): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/infotech.v9i1.4648.

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Currently, the Imam Muslim School located on Jalan Raya Kranggan Gg Elang IX, Rt 002/Rw 003 Jatiraden, Jatisampurna, Bekasi, is still using manual bookkeeping and payment systems. With payment using a manual system this can make it difficult for students who want to make tuition payments, therefore the author is trying to create an Educational Contribution Payment Information System (SPP) program using a website-based virtual account using the PHP and MySQL programming languages. This system can simplify the process of operational activities in schools in managing tuition payments, reporting and also make it easier for students to make payments. Because payments can be made online through bank channels or modern payment channels such as Indomaret and Alfamart

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Padeli, Padeli, Eduard Hotman Purba i Bonari Simanjuntak. "Analisa Pembayaran Perkuliahan Dengan Virtual Account Pada Universitas Raharja". CICES 6, nr 1 (5.02.2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cices.v6i1.878.

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In the academic world, every educational institution must have a tuition payment system, and with the rapid technological advances nowadays, educational institutions are required to create systems that are effective and efficient and relevant to current technology which will make it superior in competition within the scope of relevant agencies. At Raharja University, lecture payments still use a conventional system where transfer students and campus staff check which is considered less efficient. In this study, the writer uses a SWOT analysis between the virtual account payment system and the running system. The purpose of this study is to recommend the use of a Virtual Account in the payment of lectures at Raharja University. This research is expected to be a problem solving alternative that makes it easier for students to make financial payments, as well as facilitate campus monitoring of campus payments.

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Lisanawati, Go, i Erly Aristo. "URGENSI PENGATURAN HUKUM CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY DALAM DIMENSI ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG". Veritas et Justitia 8, nr 1 (27.06.2022): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.v8i1.4520.

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The issue of digitalized forms of payment systems has required adjustment from a State to accomodate and respond. One of the issues is concerning the use of virtual currencies, and Central Bank Digital Currency. It requires the accomodative and responsive of the law instruments in Indonesia to arrange that issue. The payment systems’ policy in Indonesia has not placed any issues of crypto/digital currency as one of the payment methods. Central Bank Digital Currency is a the digital form of fiat money. Through the Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 18/40/PBI/2016 concerning Operation of Payments Transaction Processing, and Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 19/12/PBI/2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology, it can be understood that Indonesia remain bans the use of any virtual currency as payment instruments. Central Bank Digital Currency has different form of virtual currencies which are not issued by the state, but it is remain called as virtual currencies. In fact, the use of virtual currencies has been exploited by money launderer to do laundering. Virtual currencies has no underlying asset or responsible authority or administrator, volatile, risky, and speculative. This article is a normative legal research method that will analyzed the direction in which Indonesian Law can headed Central Bank Digital Currency while the option has become more less for not response it. The result of this research has showed that it is urgently need for Bank Indonesia (as a central bank in Indonesia) to recognise Central Bank Digital Currency as payment’s instrument.

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Pozhydaeva, M. A. "EVOLUTION OF THE USE OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS: FINANCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECT". Legal horizons 33, nr 20 (2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i20.p.

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The evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments from a finance law position is analyzed in the article. In the context of the latest technology dynamic introduction in the field of payments, the beginning of the history of modern electronic payment instruments can be conditionally linked to the creation of the London Clearing House in 1775 in the United Kingdom and the subsequent active use in the calculation of promissory notes and cheques, as well as other payment documents on the basis of the clearing. At the same time, we propose to periodize the evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments in the calculation of foreign and domestic experience, which includes three main stages: Stage I (end of the XVIII century – end of the XIX century) formation of legal preconditions for the birth of the first electronic payment instruments in the form of promissory notes and cheques, as well as payment documents on the basis of clearing; Stage II (XX century) electrification of payment transactions with the support of their electronic means of payment (bank cards, mobile payment instruments), electronic purses for initiating payments, as well as the use of the first electronic money in order to pay for goods and services. Stage III (XXI Century – nowadays) digitization of payments, characterized by the active use of contactless chipped cards, contactless mobile instruments, electronic money, electronic payment means based on widespread electronic payments in the world of electronic payment ecosystems, such as PayPal (1998), Payoneer (2005), Skrill (2001), Stripe (2009), TransferWise (2010), etc., virtual money in the form of virtual currencies, Quick Response codes, and the introduction of digital currencies of central banks. The suggested periodization of the evolution of electronic payment instruments is based on historical facts, economic conditions, the introduction of the latest financial technologies, national preferences, and the legislation development in the field of payments. At the same time, the genesis specificity of the use of electronic payment instruments in Ukraine is conditioned by the imperfect special law on payment systems and the transfer of funds, which, unfortunately, does not meet the current international and European Union standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform outdated domestic legislation in the field of payments by adopting a new Law of Ukraine «On Payment Services». Keywords: electronic payment instrument, electronic means of payment, use of electronic payment instruments, electronic payment instruments evolution, financе law.

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Pozhydaeva, M. A. "Evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments: financial and legal aspect". Legal horizons, nr 20 (2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i20.p82.

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The evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments from a finance law position is analyzed in the article. In the context of the latest technology dynamic introduction in the field of payments, the beginning of the history of modern electronic payment instruments can be conditionally linked to the creation of the London Clearing House in 1775 in the United Kingdom and the subsequent active use in the calculation of promissory notes and cheques, as well as other payment documents on the basis of clearing. At the same time, we propose to periodize the evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments in the calculation of foreign and domestic experience, which includes three main stages: Stage I (end of the XVIII century – end of the XIX century) formation of legal preconditions for the birth of the first electronic payment instruments in the form of promissory notes and cheques, as well as payment documents on the basis of clearing; Stage II (XX century) electronization of payment transactions with the support of their electronic means of payment (bank cards, mobile payment instruments), electronic purses for initiating payments, as well as the use of the first electronic money in order to pay for goods and services. Stage III (XXI Century – nowadays) digitization of payments, characterized by the active use of contactless chipped cards, contactless mobile instruments, electronic money, electronic payment means based on widespread electronic payments in the world of electronic payment ecosystems, such as PayPal (1998), Payoneer (2005), Skrill (2001), Stripe (2009), TransferWise (2010), etc., virtual money in the form of virtual currencies, Quick Response codes, and the introduction of digital currencies of central banks. The suggested periodization of the evolution of electronic payment instruments is based on historical facts, economic conditions, the introduction of the latest financial technologies, national preferences and the legislation development in the field of payments. At the same time, the genesis specificity of the use of electronic payment instruments in Ukraine is conditioned by the imperfect special law on payment systems and the transfer of funds, which, unfortunately, does not meet the current international and European Union standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform outdated domestic legislation in the field of payments by adopting a new Law of Ukraine «On Payment Services».

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Muralidhara, S. V. "UPI Challenges and Direction in Fund Management with Special Reference Banking Sector". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 12 (31.12.2021): 1588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39592.

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Abstract: After demonetization, there was a massive requirement for currency notes, but the government was unable to provide the required quantity of currency notes, and also Indian government wanted to promote cashless transactions. UPI is built over Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) for transferring funds using Virtual Payment Address (a unique ID provided by the bank). Unified Payments Interface is a payment system launched by (NPCI), which is National Payments Corporation of India, and is regulated by the (RBI) Reserve Bank of India, which provides the facility of instant fund transfer between two bank accounts online through payment apps. Digital transactions by UPI have been made very easy. The UPI service is available 24X7, and it is not like RTGS and NEFT, which do not work on holidays and non-banking hours. This will bring tremendous efficiency to the system and help India become a cashless economy. Keywords: Digital illiteracy, Online payments, cashless economy UPI, Mobile phone, digital payment mode

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Maysharoh, Noor Anida, i Isna Fitria Agustina. "Efektifitas Pembayaran Iuran BPJS Kesehatan Dengan Sistem 1 Virtual Account (VA) Keluarga". JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik) 6, nr 1 (21.01.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v6i1.1916.

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This study was conducted aimed at describing and analyzing the effectiveness of BPJS Health contribution payments with the 1 Virtual Account (VA) Family system and to find out the factors that influence BPJS Health contribution payments with the 1 Virtual Account (VA) Family system. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection carried out by observing, documenting, and interviewing informants and using sources of books, journals, and documents related to BPJS Kesehatan. The results of this study are that the payment of contributions made by a family 1 VA system is quite effective because with this system payments are made easier and faster, besides that the participants save more on administrative costs, besides being able to increase the flexibility of contributions because participants pay their contributions collectively in 1 household. In addition, there are factors that influence payment of BPJS Health contributions with the 1 Virtual Account (VA) Family system, namely the lack of knowledge of participants, lack of community participation, low income, considerable expenditure each month, motivation and distance.

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Mariati, Mei Hotma. "PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PEMBAYARAN ELEKTRONIK UNTUK MENGEFISIENKAN WAKTU MENYELESAIKAN PEKERJAAN DI UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN". Journal of Economics and Business 2, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jeb.v2i1.522.

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This study aims to find out the reasons why students are required to submit three copies of proof of payment and the reasons for the Nommensen HKBP University so that it only applies the transfer method via ATM as an electronic payment procedure for students. The results of the research were obtained using the descriptive method that so far students have paid tuition fees through BRI using manual code 034. The foundation cannot receive details of the source of revenue and allocation of cash disbursements, providing an explanation why the foundation requires students to submit 3 photocopies of proof of payment of obligations. (three) sheets. When the payment is due, a very long queue will occur. Including going to the TU to generate payments also has its own obstacles for students. So that the university must switch to a virtual account (VA) because it not only makes the transaction process easier, but also has several benefits that are added value services, such as (1) Can accept payments from all banks. (2) Students do not need to confirm and check payment manually. (3) Funds go to campus accounts instantly on the same day. (4) Mapping of Virtual Account numbers that can be adjusted to the campus (for example: BRI Virtual Account Numbers on the campus of the HKBP Nommensen University, must be adjusted to the Student's NPM). (5) Not using campus deposit slips.

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Sopingi, Ety Meikati i Wijiyanto. "Application of the Rational Unified Process Method in Web Service Development Payment System Integration with Multibank Virtual Accounts". Jurnal E-Komtek (Elektro-Komputer-Teknik) 5, nr 1 (29.06.2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v5i1.565.

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The Payment System is a series of interconnected components consisting of rules, institutions, and procedures used for money transactions in fulfilling the obligations of economic activities. The Duta Bangsa University of Surakarta is a case study in this research where the student payment system is still a billing system. The faculty finance department gives bills tuition fees to students one by one. Moreover, it determines the bank used for payments. It resulted in quite many queues when filling out the study plan card (KRS) and exams. This research aims to produce a web service application and standardization with good performance in the payment process at Duta Bangsa University through virtual accounts from various banks and payment channels. The method used to achieve the authors' goals in this study is the Rational Unified Process (RUP) method. The research result is a web service application that can make invoices, inquiries, payments, and reversals of various bank payment channels. The User Acceptance Test results show a very agreeable value of 94.17%, so that the web service is feasible for the production version application. While testing the response time to measure performance for 7 (seven) days, the average response time was 0.49809 seconds.

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Gobena, Messay Asgedom. "The Regulation of Cryptocurrencies under Ethiopian Legal Norms". Mizan Law Review 15, nr 1 (30.09.2021): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v15i1.6.

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Cryptocurrencies are a subset of virtual currencies that have been devised for anonymous payments made entirely independent of governments and traditional financial institutions. The payment system of cryptocurrencies is expanding at a rapid pace and has reached Ethiopia. This article examines the extent to which cryptocurrencies are regulated under Ethiopia’s national payment system and anti-money laundering legal norms. The study has employed doctrinal research supported by in-depth interviews. During the last decade, Ethiopia has adopted several legal frameworks that govern different aspects of the payments landscape, most notably regarding payment services and electronic money. The country has anti-money laundering legal norms that are embodied in domestic laws and international and regional instruments that it has ratified. However, these legal norms have strategic deficiencies in regulating cryptocurrencies. Thus, the government of Ethiopia should consider enacting a comprehensive law that regulates the payment system of cryptocurrencies.

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Iwashita, Motoi, i Shigeaki Tanimoto. "Service and Billing Management Method for ICT Services". International Journal of Software Innovation 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2016040101.

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Information and communication technology (ICT) including broadband networks, cloud computing, a variety of mobile devices, point-card systems, and “virtual coins” can induce complicated situations concerning customer management. In particular, billing management is very critical, and it is thus necessary to establish a billing-management method that can quickly adjust to changes in the environment. The first requirement is managing the relationships between services, payments, and settlements so as to assure the payment method and service provision and payment routes. Therefore, a business model design method, established from the viewpoint of service, cash flow, and settlement to strategically adjust to changes in the environment, is described herein. In addition, a procedure for managing the connection paths is proposed to efficiently construct the relationship between services, payments, and settlements.

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Larasati Hazrati Havidz, Ikramina, Hernawati W. Retno Wiratih, M. Havidz Aima, Maya Puspita Dewi i Retnowati Retnowati. "Sosialisasi Inovasi Pembayaran Digital WeChat Pay ke Generasi Z Universitas Esa Unggul dan President University". Jurnal Komunitas : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 4, nr 1 (31.07.2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/jks.v4i1.1629.

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Along with the development and innovation of technology information at the international level, one of the transactions payment is from offline to online (cashless payment). The utilization of technology cashless platforms mobile payment, Indonesia, India, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore still shows less than 4%. In Indonesia, there are currently 21 companies (providers) that are engaged in mobile payment with a variety of services provided. Millennial, Generation-Z, tends to have a virtual transaction space that has attracted their interest in using social media as a technology with cashless payments of We-Chat pay. At the end of the activity, a post-test was held relates to the socialization of the We-Chat Pay as one of Digital Payment Innovation. The posttest was given to find out the enthusiasm of the participants. The post-test obtained an overview of the participants’ interest in the use of We-Chat pay cashless payments, namely 34% as an option for shopping; 30% as an option to eat together; 19% as an option for traveling; and 17% as an option for Nobar (watching together). Therefore, it does not rule out the possibility of the digital payment technology apply in Jakarta and Bekasi, Indonesia to adopt the innovation of WeChat Pay.

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Niswa, Harisatun. "CASHLESS PAYMENT: POTRET E-MONEY DI PESANTREN". IQTISHADIA Jurnal Ekonomi & Perbankan Syariah 8, nr 2 (26.09.2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/iqtishadia.v8i2.4148.

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Non-cash payments or cashless payments are the latest and hottest issue in the pesantren world. The existence of cashless payment is the impact of increasingly rapid technological developments. Islamic boarding schools that have a characteristic of simplicity in building architecture, curriculum and operations are able to transmigrate to boarding schools that are able to collaborate with technological developments that do not violate the rules of the Qur'an and Hadish. This study analyzes the perceptions of santri at Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo Islamic Boarding School regarding the application of non-cash payments applied in the boarding school. The method used is a qualitative method using direct observation techniques and interviews. The results showed that the perceptions of the students of Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School were safety oriented, lose financial, power hegemony, boarding moderation in the virtual era, and social stratification Pembayaran Non tunai atau cashless payment merupakan issu terbaru dan terhangat di dalam dunia pesantren. Keberadaan cashless payment merupakan dampak dari perkembangan serta kemajuan teknologi yang semakin dinamis. Pondok pesantren yang memiliki ciri khas akan kesederhanaan pada arsitektur bangunan, kurikulum dan operasionalnya mampu bertransmigrasi menuju pondok pesantren yang mampu berkolaborasi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang tidak melanggar aturan Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Studi ini menganalisis tentang persepsi santri pada Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo mengenai aplikasi pembayaran non tunai yang diterapkan dalam pondok pesantren tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada kasus ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik observasi langsung serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi santri Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid adalah safety oriented, lose financial, hegemoni kekuasaan, moderasi pesantren di era virtual, dan stratifikasi sosial.

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Kostikova, Ekaterina, Diana Alekseeva, Svetlana Rybakova i Anna Savina. "Prospects of legal regulation and use of the digital rouble". SHS Web of Conferences 109 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110901018.

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This article considers the problems associated with the prospects of central banks issuing and circulating digital currency, in particular the digital rouble. The study found that at present there is virtually no need to issue such a currency as an alternative to cryptocurrency (virtual currency), because cryptocurrency has largely lost its properties as a means of payment with the acquisition of the qualities of an investment instrument. The advantages of a cryptocurrency over non-cash money, which is familiar and also has excellent qualities as a settlement tool, are also not obvious. The positioning of offline payments as a benefit of the digital rouble is questionable given the prospects of full Internet coverage in Russia and the significant technological and legal complexities involved in the organization and control of such payments. Building trust in the new form of the national currency, without which it will not be in demand, will require building a mechanism for legal protection of consumers' rights. There is also a need for a mechanism to address the risks associated with laundering proceeds of crime, financing terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It is difficult to formalise such a mechanism in the absence of international legal regulation

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Lisanawati, Go. "Why Does New Payment System and Products (NPSPs) Vulnerable to Money Laundering?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, nr 3 (30.09.2015): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i3.850.

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This paper will assess on the impact of the newest development on payment systems, which has been manifested in such kinds of payments products and threatening through money laundering. In order to increase the quality of peopleâ€™ lives in this technologically advanced era, many sophisticated products have been produced, such as virtual currencies, or other stored value cards. The anonymity characteristic of new payment systems and products is vulnerable to money laundering exploitation. The study of FATF, as reported by APG, shows that the AML/CFT risk has associated with the payment method (means as virtual currencies). There are some reason which may indicate the potentiality of AML/CFT. (APG, 2014). As a part of Scientific Research, this legal research will be using qualitative methods. It will assess on the implementation of virtual currencies in real world which is causing problem for anti money laundering. It is a doctrinal research and using conceptual approach to solve the problem. The result of this research shows that anti money laundering rules and regulation should be strictly implemented to virtual currenciesâ€™s problem in order to anticipate its vulnerabililty to money laundering. The Due Diligence should be developed further.

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C BHARGAVA. "A Study on Customer Awareness and Usage of Payments Bank and Neo banks in Chennai City". Journal of Development Economics and Management Research Studies 10, nr 16 (2023): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2023.101627.

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The banking and financial sector has evolved over the years to meet the changing needs of the economy and industries, leading to the birth of innovative financial instruments. The Reserve Bank of India introduced payment banks to promote digital, paperless, and cashless banking in the country. Payment banks offer basic banking services to unbanked and underbanked individuals, particularly migrant workers and those from lower-income households, and bring them into the formal economy. The trend towards digital payments and net banking has increased, especially after the impact of demonetization and the COVID-19 pandemic. Neo banking is a fintech-powered concept that operates entirely in the virtual space. Technology has become crucial to satisfy customer demands, leading to the emergence of payment banks and neo banks. Despite their growing importance, research on payment banks and neo banks in India is limited. This paper aims to study customer awareness and usage of payment banks and neo banks in Chennai city.

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Su, Bo-Chiuan, Li-Wei Wu i Ying-Chi Yen. "Antecedents and Consequences of Trust and Loyalty in Physical Banks Affecting Mobile Payments". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (9.11.2021): 12368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212368.

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The way of payment has changed in recent years: people have turned away from physical payment methods to virtual payment methods. The traditional banking industry is facing challenges brought by new technologies. The main purpose of this study is to investigate customer trust and loyalty transferring from physical banks to mobile payments because mobile payment platforms are a self-service technology. The goal is to create an eco-platform to facilitate transition from a cash-based economy to a cashless economy. This study is the first attempt to integrate platform management, electronic marketing (online trust and online loyalty), and relationship marketing (offline trust and offline loyalty) into one model. We theoretically and empirically take certain factors into consideration to further explore the transfer impact of physical to mobile payments, which is not discussed in literature. The SEM (structural equation modelling) analysis from the 353 respondents in this study found that trust from both the physical and mobile contexts has positively influenced loyalty. Additionally, customers’ trust and loyalty transfer from the physical to the mobile environment has had a significantly positive effect between the physical and mobile environment. Corporate reputation and structure assurance have also significantly positively affected physical trust and mobile trust, respectively. The findings also reveal that the structure assurance plays an essential role in mobile payment. Users may have certain concerns about the procedure of transactions and their personal information. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

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Vidhya, I. V., i C. Prem Sankar. "Consumer Perception towards Cashless Economy with Special Reference to Unified Payments Interface (UPI)". Shanlax International Journal of Economics 11, nr 2 (1.03.2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v11i2.6068.

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Cashless transactions are not new to India, and there are various ways for cashless transactions available to customers. A unified Payments Interface (UPI) is one of the fastest-growing digital payment systems through which users can send and receive money through a Virtual Payment Address (VPA). In 2021, UPI processed around 39 billion transactions totaling $940 billion, equivalent to 31% of India’s GDP. The study’s main objectives are to understand the unified payment system’s (UPI) growth and its progression over the years and to know consumer awareness, perception, and satisfaction towards UPI. The researcher gathered data from both primary and secondary sources. Through an online survey process, respondents’ primary data was gathered. The sample size is 105. The secondary data were gathered from publications like books and journals and websites like https://www.npci.org.in

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Cvetkova, I. "CRYPTOCURRENCIES LEGAL REGULATION". BRICS Law Journal 5, nr 2 (4.07.2018): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-2-128-153.

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This article evaluates the legal framework of cryptocurrency in various countries. The new currency instrument is abstract currencies. They are currencies in the sense that they can be exchanged peer-to-peer. They are representations of numbers, i.e. abstract objects. An abstract currency system is a self-enforcing system of property rights over an abstract instrument which gives its owners the freedom to use and the right to exclude others from using the instrument. Cryptocurrency or virtual currency is a cryptographically protected, decentralized digital currency used as a means of exchange. Due to the development of new technologies and innovations, the rate of use of virtual currency is rapidly increasing throughout the globe, replacing not only cash payments and payments by bank transfer, but also electronic cash payments. Among the best-known representatives of cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum. Legal scholars have not yet reached a consensus regarding the nature and legal status of virtual currency. Virtual currency possesses the nature of obligations righ ts as well as property rights, since it may be both a means of payment and a commodity. Depending on the country, the approach to cryptocurrencies may be different. Today there is already an international cryptocurrency community that does not have a single coordinating center. Only progressive jurisdiction and state regulation of cryptocurrency activity will allow the creation of the conditions that will ensure the implementation of legitimate and safe cryptocurrency relations.

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Wang, Shih-Tse. "The effects of risk appraisal and coping appraisal on the adoption intention of m-payment". International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, nr 1 (12.04.2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2018-0272.

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Purpose Although debit and credit cards are widely accepted, consumers still have significant concerns pertaining to the risk of the cards’ usage. Mobile payment (m-payment) acts as identification and a virtual card for consumers, and is viewed as more secure than card payments. However, the influence of consumers’ appraisal of debit and credit cards usage and using m-payment on the adoption intention of m-payment is unclear. Using the protection motivation theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of risk appraisal of using debit or credit cards and coping appraisal of using m-payment on the adoption intention of m-payment. Design/methodology/approach A total of 418 volunteers participated in this study, and structural equation modeling was employed to test the employed conceptual model. Findings The results revealed that risk appraisal (i.e. vulnerability, severity and benefit) of using debit or credit cards did not affect m-payment adoption intention. Moreover, self-efficacy and response efficacy positively affected m-payment adoption intention, whereas response cost negatively influenced m-payment adoption intention. Originality/value Both theoretical and practical implications are presented in this paper for m-payment marketers to develop effective communication strategies for promoting m-payment adoption.

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Sari, Rahmatika. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Paylater Terhadap Perilaku Impulse Buying Pengguna E-Commerce di Indonesia". Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi 7, nr 1 (24.05.2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jrbi.v7i1.2058.

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The development of e-commerce has had an impact on payment methods which were originally only known as cash payments, paper-based, card based, are now being introduced with new electronic-based payment systems such as m-banking, virtual accounts, payment applications. Paylater is a type of online credit payment. Paylater allows its users to have a credit card without a card and without a complicated manufacturing process. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method so that the data used is the result of distributing questionnaires to 404 samples who meet the criteria. The results of this study indicate that the ease of use oftechnology paylaterhas an effect of 6.4% on the impulsive buying behavior ofusers e-commerce in Indonesia. From the results of data processing, it can be concluded that the ease of use oftechnology paylater byusers e-commerce in Indonesia is very good andusers paylater tend to make impulse buying when shopping

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Cattel, Daniëlle, i Frank Eijkenaar. "Value-Based Provider Payment Initiatives Combining Global Payments With Explicit Quality Incentives: A Systematic Review". Medical Care Research and Review 77, nr 6 (19.06.2019): 511–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558719856775.

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An essential element in the pursuit of value-based health care is provider payment reform. This article aims to identify and analyze payment initiatives comprising a specific manifestation of value-based payment reform that can be expected to contribute to value in a broad sense: (a) global base payments combined with (b) explicit quality incentives. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, consulting four scientific bibliographic databases, reference lists, the Internet, and experts. We included and compared 18 initiatives described in 111 articles/documents on key design features and impact on value. The initiatives are heterogeneous regarding the operationalization of the two payment components and associated design features. Main commonalities between initiatives are a strong emphasis on primary care, the use of “virtual” spending targets, and the application of risk adjustment and other risk-mitigating measures. Evaluated initiatives generally show promising results in terms of lower spending growth with equal or improved quality.

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Cahyani, Ayudhea, Annasa Yeskainayah, Lailatul Hamdah i Kevin Suryaatmaja. "The Use of Technology Acceptance Model to Evaluate MSME Perspectives on E-Payment System". Interdisciplinary Social Studies 2, nr 8 (23.05.2023): 2194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v2i8.455.

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Background: Payment system changes in transaction patterns need to be followed by business actors to survive and develop in facing the New Normal era. It is important for Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to be able to adapt and transform by utilizing digital technology. Considering to Indonesia's large number of e-payment users, MSME players are heavily utilizing the payment option to construct a more effective and efficient payment system. However, not all MSME’s owner have the intention about using digital payments. This causes economic lagging, due to the shift in social transaction behavior from the physical economy to the virtual economy. Aim: The research would like to measure the use of technology acceptance model to evaluate MSME perspectives on e-payment system. Method: Concurrent mixed methodology, which is an analytical technique used in this study that integrates or affiliates qualitative and quantitative forms by providing a variety of sources of evidence, quantitative and qualitative data combined can contribute to enhancing the validity and reliability of the research findings. It can help to reduce the risk of bias or error that may arise from using only one method. As an outcome, we want to provide a thorough overview of the research problem. The population is MSMEs registered with Asosiasi Gula Rafinasi Indonesia (AGRI) of 980 MSMEs. With a target sample of 90 SMEs. Findings: The results of the Jaccard’s coefficient test show that all the variables tested have an influence on the MSME intends to use electronic payments as a way to make purchases.

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Grabowski, Michał. "Virtual IBAN as a Service in the Law of the European Union and Poland". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, nr 12 (30.11.2022): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120566.

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The purpose of this paper is to present the two existing virtual account models functioning in the European Union, examine their legal validity and identify the legal challenges related to the functioning of these models. The first model, Mass Payment Accounts, which is related to virtual accounts rather than to virtual IBANs, is the model where the licensed financial institution only provides a business payment (settlement) account, with technical subaccounts, to one of their business clients. The functionality of the subaccounts is limited to reflect and distinguish the incoming payments. The second and more complex model is the vIBAN solution, where the licensed payment institution provides, to another licensed financial institution, indirect access to local payment schemes (hereinafter referred to as “vIBAN”). To confirm the legal validity and identify the potential risks of vIBAN services, EU law was analysed with some insights from Polish law. The reason for introducing vIBAN services is the difficulty for certain payment service providers to participate in so-called designated payment systems. Designated payment systems are usually the most widespread local payment systems. The reason for the different treatment of these designated systems is banking systemic risk, understood as a situation where a default by a system participant may result in a default by other participants. Consequently, even if a given payment service provider can obtain its own IBAN number, there is often no possibility for it to participate in designated payment schemes. Bearing in mind the different rules in the case of designated payment systems, the legality of vIBAN services in the EU law is justified by the principle of free movement of services, the principle of equal access to payment schemes and the obligation of the credit institutions to provide banking and non-banking participants with credit institution payment account services on an objective, non-discriminatory and proportionate basis. However, there are various challenges related to the functioning of vIBAN services, such as the overlapping of certain AML/CFT obligations, enforcement of administrative and court seizures, AML-related blocking of vIBANs and consistency of money transfer sender data with the Fund Transfer Regulation. The most pressing challenges requiring prompt regulation on the European level are related to the applicable deposit protection scheme, as well as to specific Member States’ administrative restrictions, which can cause difficulties in offering vIBAN services to business entities.

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Khan, Mohammed Arshad. "Netizens’ Perspective towards Electronic Money and Its Essence in the Virtual Economy: An Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Delhi-NCR, India". Complexity 2021 (3.11.2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7772929.

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This research attempts to evaluate the ongoing position of the modalities exercised in India concerning digital payments. Largely appraised as a success story in the making, this research examines several instrumental factors in India’s digital payment systems. It further extends to identifying the impact of demographic attributes and constructive variables, such as service quality, reliability, satisfaction, and security on digital payment system, Delhi NCR, India. A Google form questionnaire was adopted to collect data through online mode. The researcher collected the primary data from 165 respondents. Purposive sampling method was exercised, along with CFA technique and parameter test used through SPSS (version 25), reliability issue, validity issue, and model fitness achieve through SPSS-AMOS (version 24). The significant peculiarities and analysis are presented further in this research contributing to a precise depiction of findings and then, based on it, the conclusion.

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Melnychenko, Oleksandr. "The Prospects of Retail Payment Developments in the Metaverse". Virtual Economics 4, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2021.04.04(4).

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In the age of technological development, rapid technological progress, and the metaverse development in which humans interact with each other and with the environment using virtual real-world metaphors, payment systems may also need to be re-considered. The study aims to find an answer to the question of what should be retail payments in the metaverse and to begin interdisciplinary discussions about their implementation in this environment. The author reviews the literature which shows that i) socio-economic relations are being implemented in the metaverse, but they still require the money to participate in the exchange relationships, as well as to support such a system; ii) it is impossible to abandon all forms of physical exchange, which is the basis of modern society; iii) the metaverse is an environment usually of anonymous users, who do not have the right to make significant purchases without their identification; iv) accounting of transactions remains the basis of payments in the metaverse as well.

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Sha, Nadia, i Shariq Mohammad. "Virtual banking and online business". Banks and Bank Systems 12, nr 1 (24.03.2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1).2017.09.

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Banks play a crucial role in promoting online businesses. Even though e-shoppers have the option of cash-on-delivery, which seems to be secure and trustworthy, still there is an urge for the e-payment schemes, which can only be provided through banks. Banks act as strong and trustworthy intermediaries in the online transactions and they provide a bold opening in the online business. At present, banks have e-payment systems like Internet banking, electronic fund transfers (NEFT/RTGS), plastic money (credit card &amp; debit card) and mobile banking. These systems provide payment to online transactions like online purchases of products, mobile recharges, hotel booking, ticket booking, etc. by considering all types of security measures. For the real working of these e-services, the need of apt infrastructures is an inevitable feature. This paper examines the efficient utilization of mobile banking by the bank customers who have all the infrastructures for availing the same. The results showed that the majority of the sample customers selected for the study owned a mobile but only few of them use a mobile as their mode of access to banks. They also revealed that the people were comparatively well aware of mobile banking, but its usage level was very low. The mostly used e-settlement with mobile banking was for mobile top-up by urban area customers and rural area customers and there was no significant difference between the urban area and rural area customers regarding the utilization of mobile banking. Keywords: virtual banking, mobile banking, online business, inter-bank mobile payment system (IMPS). JEL Classification: L86, L81

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Böhme, Rainer, Nicolas Christin, Benjamin Edelman i Tyler Moore. "Bitcoin: Economics, Technology, and Governance". Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, nr 2 (1.05.2015): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.2.213.

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Bitcoin is an online communication protocol that facilitates the use of a virtual currency, including electronic payments. Bitcoin's rules were designed by engineers with no apparent influence from lawyers or regulators. Bitcoin is built on a transaction log that is distributed across a network of participating computers. It includes mechanisms to reward honest participation, to bootstrap acceptance by early adopters, and to guard against concentrations of power. Bitcoin's design allows for irreversible transactions, a prescribed path of money creation over time, and a public transaction history. Anyone can create a Bitcoin account, without charge and without any centralized vetting procedure—or even a requirement to provide a real name. Collectively, these rules yield a system that is understood to be more flexible, more private, and less amenable to regulatory oversight than other forms of payment—though as we discuss, all these benefits face important limits. Bitcoin is of interest to economists as a virtual currency with potential to disrupt existing payment systems and perhaps even monetary systems. This article presents the platform's design principles and properties for a nontechnical audience; reviews its past, present, and future uses; and points out risks and regulatory issues as Bitcoin interacts with the conventional financial system and the real economy.

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Chan, Victor K. Y. "An Innovative but Low-Cost E-Payment Mechanism and its Extension to E-Ticketing and E-Identity Document Applications". Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (styczeń 2013): 3335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3335.

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Despite the advent of e-payment decades ago, the cashless society is still a prediction of pundits, in particular, in the retail or business-to-customer sector. No doubt, there are countless financial, political, economic, and social considerations as to the possibility of e-payment’s utilization to a larger extent than has occurred so far, but it is undeniable that there may still be ample room for technical improvement to virtually all existing e-payment mechanisms for catalyzing further popularization. Based on the literature on crucial factors determining particular e-payment mechanisms achieving critical mass, this article, given its applied and industrial rather than theoretical nature, summarizes the weaknesses of major existing e-payment mechanisms, deduces the key technical dilemmas underlying such weaknesses, and finally proposes an innovative but low-cost e-payment mechanism (now a patent pending of the author) to surmount such dilemmas by means of the enhancement and generalization of existing mobile phone tickets or otherwise. In particular, overcoming such dilemmas involves the provision of highly secure authentication and non-repudiation that are implementable over public communication transmission media and/or networks at no expense of payment success rates, operational ease and efficiency, hardware and software independence, and interoperability and portability. This article also illustrates the way to extend the proposed mechanism to such applications as e-ticketing and e-identity documents.

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Hakim, Sukma Hayati, Arif Rahman i M. Syafii. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi penggunaan E-Wallet di Sumatera utara". Owner 6, nr 2 (26.03.2022): 1171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i2.566.

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The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world, including Indonesia, has had a very serious impact on all sectors. This also makes a real contribution to the very rapid progress of technological development. All activities that were previously usually carried out in person, but now have to be done virtually or online. So that internet-based technology that is always used by the community is the most efficient to use during this pandemic, including in terms of payment transactions. The increasing number of internet users, which continues to rise from year to year, especially during this pandemic has caused many internet-based applications. The application of digital technology in the economy is very clear, especially in the financial sector, which is called financial technology. One of the products of financial technology is mobile payment or also called e-wallet. The rise of e-commerce on various online platforms has also led to an increase in payments using e-wallet. This research was conducted to determine the extent of the use of e-wallet, among the community and the factors that influence it.

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Krisnawati, Lenny. "Investigating Public Hesitation In Paying Taxes". Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA 8, nr 1 (30.03.2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jj.8.1.2939.105-116.

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Taxes are the biggest contributor to the state budget portion, but unfortunately the level of publicawareness in paying taxes is still very low. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causesof public hesitation in reporting the Annual Tax Return (SPT) and making tax payments, especiallyfor non-employee taxpayers at KPP Pratama Denpasar Timur (Denpasar Timur Tax Office). Thisresearch uses a qualitative approach method with purposive sampling technique. The location ofthis research is at Denpasar Timur Tax Office. The reason for choosing this location is because theDenpasar Timur Tax Office is located in the center of Denpasar city which has a large number oftaxpayers with various business classifications, and for the tax year 2018 to 2020 there has been asignificant decrease in the number of annual tax returns and tax payments from previous years.Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and through virtual interviews, observationsand document analysis. The interviewees in this study were non-employee individual taxpayerswho were registered at KPP Pratama Denpasar Timur with the criteria of obeying the payment andreporting of Annual SPT, often late in making payments and reporting of Annual SPT, andtaxpayers with the criteria of never making payments and reporting the Annual SPT. From theresearch results, data shows that public doubts in paying taxes are influenced by the absence ofdirect remuneration received by taxpayers, the covid-19 pandemic that paralyzed most of thecommunity's economy, limited knowledge and understanding of taxation and the limited ability oftaxpayers to utilize online facilities which has been provided by the Directorate General of Taxes

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Subari, Subari, i Adrian Ramadhan. "Penerapan Aplikasi Android E-Payment dan Pemesanan Layanan Pujasera". Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Informatika 8, nr 1 (4.07.2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jtmi.v8i1.7780.

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Pujasera or Multi-purpose Snack Center is an area where food and drinks are served or enjoyed by buyers which consist of many variations of sellers divided into outlets, booths, or stalls. In general, each of these outlets conducts transactions directly with buyers, both choosing orders, serving food, and paying. This raises several problems, including queue numbers that are no longer in order and table numbers that are not well-coordinated, and the occurrence of queues of buyers. The purpose of this study is to design an Android-based application with e-payment and ordering service features at the food court so that it is expected to minimize obstacles and errors that occur. The payment mechanism is also carried out virtually with the existence of e-payments to make it easier for buyers and store owners. The features provided start from the deposit and balance refunds, and other related services so that they don't have to queue and don't have to carry cash. This implemented system can provide convenience and comfort to buyers and store owners, the application works well and is integrated to facilitate ordering and payment services to be more transparent and more informative. The percentage of interpretation evaluation is categorized as very feasible, with the results of the evaluation of application users with an interpretation level of 90%.

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Simser, Jeffrey. "Bitcoin and modern alchemy: in code we trust". Journal of Financial Crime 22, nr 2 (5.05.2015): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2013-0067.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the challenge posed by Bitcoin to regulators, particularly anti-money laundering regulators. Bitcoin is a crypto-currency based on open-source software and protocols that operates in peer-to-peer networks as a private irreversible payment mechanism. The protocol allows cross-border payments, for large and small items, with little or no transactional costs. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies and case law are examined as are relevant reports by regulators. Findings – Bitcoin is based on complex computer code supported by a robust community in a peer-to-peer network. Unlike other virtual currencies, Bitcoin appears to have obtained purchase and as such poses unique challenges to regulators. Research limitations/implications – Bitcoin is at a nascent stage and the evolution of the virtual currency is difficult to predict. Practical implications – Those who study financial systems, anti-money laundering regimes and asset forfeiture laws will have an interest in this topic. Originality/value – This is a new and emerging currency; there is limited literature on the implications of this currency to anti-money laundering systems.

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Slepova, Oksana. "Security and Privacy of Mobile Payments". NBI Technologies, nr 3 (luty 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2019.3.4.

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The latest smartphones make life easier for their customers. Mobile banking in smartphones is no longer news, but users are just getting used to the opportunity to pay for a purchase by touching the gadget to the terminal using the contactless payment technology. Going into the digital world is fraught with the illusion of security: a smart gadget stands up for itself. But this is true only partly – security depends primarily on the behavior of the user. Therefore, no matter what financial applications are installed on your smartphone, you first need to master the safety technique of mobile payments. As a result of the study, it is necessary to conclude that payment applications should not think about their own solutions, but only need to properly configure the work of pre-installed solutions in smartphones, as well as: 1) regularly check your devices for malicious software; 2) do not enter card data on other people’s computers and smartphones; 3) use stores that use a secure HTTPS connection; 4) to pay for online purchases, it is better not to use your main card, but to have a virtual card.

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Rahardja, Untung. "The Economic Impact of Cryptocurrencies in Indonesia". ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI) 4, nr 2 (11.01.2023): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v4i2.869.

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In this era of global economic development, especially in Indonesia, it is inseparable from elements of high technology such as information. The development of information technology considers all fields, including the financial sector. Cryptocurrency, often called virtual/digital currency, results from the evolution of financial technology. Digital currency is widely used as a payment method on the Internet. This currency was created to provide convenience and security when making payments—with the included blockchain technology, reducing transaction costs. However, in this case, Bank Indonesia, the government has banned digital/cryptocurrency transactions because it hurts the Indonesian financial system, currency stability, and payment system. This study explains the impact of cryptocurrencies on the Indonesian economy and the government's attitude towards the technology it contains. In terms of the technology offered, cryptocurrency is an evolution of financial technology and will allow financial transactions to replace paper money with digital money in the future. The government will study more deeply the technology contained in cryptocurrencies. The policies made later will not prohibit the technology contained in cryptocurrencies. In general, it provides knowledge to gain a deeper understanding of cryptocurrencies. You will be able to do it.

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Li, Yan, i Xiao Wang. "Virtual Simulation Design Facing Smart Payment Screen on the Background of Artificial Intelligence". Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (8.10.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5336548.

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In recent years, the rapid development of virtual simulation technology has become a hot topic among thousands of people. Virtual simulation has been used in education, transportation, anti-theft, and other fields, but it has not seen its application in the field of intelligent payment. This study designed an intelligent payment screen based on virtual simulation technology and evaluated the relevant performance. The evaluation results found that compared with the traditional payment screen, the use of smart payment screen for payment had the fastest improvement in security and the slowest improvement in usability, an increase of 4.2%; the youth group believed that the convenience of use of the smart payment screen based on virtual simulation technology has improved the fastest. The elderly group believed that the use of the smart payment screen based on virtual simulation technology had the slowest improvement in ease of use, an increase of 9.4%; the average payment time of each place has decreased, the average payment time of place 4 was the longest, and the average payment time of place 6 was the shortest, and it was concluded that the higher the payment success rate was, the shortest payment time was; in terms of the user’s preference for the smart payment screen, it was concluded that 18:00 was the peak period for users to use the smart payment screen; in terms of risk assessment of using smart payment screens, it was concluded that compared with traditional payment screens, operational risk was reduced by 3.88%, credit risk was reduced by 4.67%, liquidity risk was reduced by 5.06%, and settlement risk was reduced by 6.01%. The design of the smart payment screen makes the user’s payment more secure, and the payment risk is greatly reduced.

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Sari, Syarifah Ratih Kartika, i Aris Siswanto. "Pengaruh Administrasi Perpajakan, Pelayanan Pada Wajib Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, Dan Insentif Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan (Studi Kasus Pada Kecamatan Kartoharjo Kota Madiun)". JURNAL EKOMAKS Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi 11, nr 2 (10.10.2022): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/jeko.v11i2.128.

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This study aims to determine the effect of tax administration, services to taxpayers, tax sanctions and tax incentives on land and building tax compliance. This research includes quantitative research. The population in this study were taxpayers for Land and Building Tax in Kartoharjo District, Madiun City, determining the number of samples in this study using the Slovin formula with a maximum tolerable error rate of 10% so that 100 primary data can be obtained in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that service to taxpayers and tax sanctions have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, while tax administration and tax incentives do not have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Suggestions in further research are that it is necessary to hold counseling about the importance of paying taxes and the government creates a mobile application that contains information about land and building taxes, the government collaborates with minimarkets, postal or virtual payment applications to open land and building tax payment services so that it can make it easier for taxpayers to make payments, the government increases fines for taxpayers who violate it so that there is a more deterrent effect.

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Fatimatus Zahroh i Layyin Mahfiana. "Analysis Of The Views of Kiai NU and Muhammadiyah in Bangkalan Madura Regarding The Use of Bitcoin as A Means of Payment of Zakat". Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum dan Filantropi 5, nr 1 (30.05.2023): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/jurnalalhakim.v5i1.7068.

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This study aims to find out the views of NU and Muhammadiyah kiai in Bangkalan Madura related to Bitcoin law and zakat payment law with Bitcoin. This research was motivated because the pros and cons related to the use of Bitcoin and zakat payments using Bitcoin money until now are still a discussion of scholars until the kiai in Bangkalan Madura also differ in opinion regarding the Bitcoin law, where most of the kiai NU and Muhammadiyah Bangkalan related to Bitcoin law and zakat law with Bitcoin declare haram, because it contains elements of gharar (obscurity ), maysir (gambling), as well as the absence of official regulation from the government. Therefore, zakat with Bitcoin is not allowed. However, there are some scholars who state that the digital money law is halal because digital money like crypto is classified as a "virtual treasure" thus it applies mandatory zakat to Bitcoin money. In addition, there are also differences in regulations between the government and BAPPEBTI, where the government states in Law No. 7 of 2011 concerning currency that it does not accept payment instruments other than Rupiah, while in BAPPEBTI regulations provide protection for Bitcoin users so as not to feel losses. However, obeying government rules is mandatory.

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Tarasova, Irina Vitalievna. "VIRTUAL DEBIT CARDS AS A TOOL FOR SECURE PAYMENTS". Vestnik obrazovatel'nogo konsortsiuma Srednerusskii universitet. Informatsionnye tekhnologii, nr 1 (2021): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52374/82452045_2021_17_1_62.

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Keerthiga, Ms M., i Dr M. Thinesh Kumar. "A Study on the Impact of Bitcoin on the Indian Economy". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 3437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42079.

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Abstract: The silence of the RBI on the regulatory status of bitcoins may prove to be damaging. An industry has grown around bitcoins in India- traders, exchanges and merchants who accept payments in bitcoins. Bitcoins have already gained wide acceptance around the world- hence banning them would not be an option in India. Instead, this industry would need to be regulated. The sooner this is done, the better. A bitcoin is a virtual currency first introduced in the year 2008 by an anonymous group called Satoshi Nakamoto. It’s an open source peer-to-peer cryptographical system (direct connections without an intermediary) where transactions happen through a public ledger called blockchain, handling users’ data anonymously. Eight years since its introduction, bitcoin is today the most widely used and accepted digital currency.By categorically reiterating that cryptocurrencies could not be part of the ‘payment process’, India buries the economic possibilities of crypto as a currency. However, the positive focus on blockchain technology is redeeming the bitcoin

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Panasyuk, Valentyna M., Khrystyna R. Halchak i Volodymyr A. Bosyi. "Features of Accounting for Settlements with Virtual Assets (Cryptocurrency) in the Field of e-Commerce: The International and Domestic Experience". Business Inform 2, nr 541 (2023): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-2-222-228.

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Over the past few years, the term «cryptocurrency» has firmly entered the public consciousness. Virtual assets are gaining popularity because of their main advantages: availability, anonymity, the ability to make quick money, etc. Cryptocurrency is a code in a large book called «blockchain». Owing to the fact that the technology of «blockchain» is inherently similar to an accounting book, the world’s leading scientists are studying the issue of its implementation in the accounting system. This would allow to record each transaction automatically, reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions. The article discusses the issue of accounting for settlements in the field of e-commerce using speculative assets. The regulatory framework for taxation of transactions with cryptocurrencies in Ukraine is analyzed. Several approaches to accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine are proposed. The results of the study provide a detailed assessment of the situation in the international trade market and the state of development of settlements using cryptocurrencies, highlights the problematic aspects of normative regulation and accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine and over the world. The field of e-commerce includes all transactions carried out via the Internet. This is indeed doing business online, i. e., by means of websites, social networks or mobile applications. The introduction of a method of making payments with cryptocurrency will greatly simplify the processing of transactions. This payment in digital currency is delivered anywhere in the world, regardless of the place of departure without intermediaries. At this, the cost of the transaction, or the payment fee, is much lower than with a regular bank transfer. The cryptocurrency market is currently quite volatile, classifying transactions with digital assets as «high-risk». The introduction of cryptocurrencies as a full-fledged means of payment is impossible without market regulation by financial institutions. Until that happens, commodity prices in cryptocurrency can fluctuate up to 25% compared to the previous day. Trading under such price conditions is impossible. However, a type of cryptocurrency such as «stablecoins» is protected from market fluctuations, since their pricing principle is based on the exchange rate of the real currency. For example, the USDT stablecoin is pegged to the US dollar, so its value changes along with the value of the real currency. In this case, an electronic currency such as USDT can be considered a means of payment and used in e-commerce.

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Chandradasa, Isuru, i Yasindee Liyanapathirana. "M-Payment Adoption in SMEs; Virtual Entrepreneurs". Sri Lanka Journal of Marketing 8 (8.08.2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljmuok.v8i0.98.

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Anggraeni, Sindi Ayu, i Adi Sulistiyono. "PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM PEREDARAN VIRTUAL CURRENCY DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN TRANSAKSI KOMERSIAL ELEKTRONIK DALAM SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA". Jurnal Privat Law 8, nr 1 (2.02.2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/privat.v8i1.40387.

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Abstract This article describes how the legal problems in Article 21 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency, Article 34 of Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 18/40 / PBI / 2016 concerning the Implementation of Payment Transaction Processing, and Article 8 Paragraph (2) of Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 19/12 / PBI / 2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology concerning the circulation of virtual currency and its use as a means of payment for electronic commercial transactions in the legal system in Indonesia and how is the legal politics of Bank Indonesia to prevent the circulation of virtual currency as a payment instrument for electronic commercial transactions in Indonesia. This research is normative or doctrinal research with prescriptive and applied nature. The results showed that the legal problem of the circulation of virtual currency and its use as a means of payment for electronic commercial transactions in the legal system in Indonesia based on the principle of legal certainty lies in the virtual currency arrangement issued by Bank Indonesia only covering the use of virtual currency as a means of payment, but not mentioned regarding the rules for circulation of virtual currency. Furthermore, in this research, also outlines the legal politics of Bank Indonesia to prevent the circulation of virtual currency as a means of payment for electronic commercial transactions in Indonesia, given the absence of rules regarding the circulation of virtual currency. Keywords: Legal Problems; Virtual Currency; Payment Tools; Bank Indonesia’s Legal PoliticsAbstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana problematika hukum dalam Pasal 21 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang, Pasal 34 Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 18/40/PBI/2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemrosesan Transasksi Pembayaran, dan Pasal 8 Ayat (2) Peraturan Bank Indoneisa No. 19/12/PBI/2017 tentang Penyelenggaraan Teknologi Finasial mengenai peredaran virtual currency dan penggunaannya sebagai alat pembayaran transaksi komersial elektronik dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia serta bagaimana politik hukum Bank Indonesia untuk mencegah peredaran virtual currency sebagai alat pembayaran transaksi komersial elektronik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif atau doktrinal dengan sifat preskriptif dan terapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya problematika hukum peredaran virtual currency dan penggunaannya sebagai alat pembayaran transaksi komersial elektronik dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia berdasarkan asas kepastian hukum terletak pada pengaturan virtual currency yang di terbitkan oleh Bank Indonesia hanya mencakup mengenai penggunaan virtual currency sebagai alat pembayaran, tetapi tidak di sebutkan mengenai aturan peredaran virtual currency. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini, juga meguraikan politik hukum Bank Indonesia untuk mencegah peredaran virtual currency sebagai alat pembayaran transaksi komersial elektronik di Indonesia, mengingat tidak adanya aturan mengenai peredaran virtual currency. Kata Kunci: Problematika Hukum; Virtual Currency; Alat Pembayaran; Politik Hukum Bank Indonesia

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OSTROVERKH, Larysa, i Yurii SHANDRENKO. "Research on the legal status of the national digital currency Karbo: the state and the prospects". Economics. Finances. Law, nr 11/1 (21.11.2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(1).2.

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The article explores the phenomenon of the development of virtual currencies and their growing popularity, resulting in a natural imbalance when innovations in the field of economy outstripped the development of legislation governing the relationship between entities in the field of calculations and payments. This led to the lack of a common understanding of the legal status of cryptocurrency and the methods of its regulation at the current stage of economic relations and global technologies, which caused the world community the problem of determining the legal status of cryptocurrency, which arose from the evolution of money and the emergence of new structured financial products. For Ukraine, as for most countries in the world, the global digital economy remains an area with undiscovered potential, since the National Bank of Ukraine does not recognize cryptocurrencies with either electronic money, money surrogates or other legal means of payment and does not recommend using them as such, but, in addition, it does not prohibit their use. Evidence of NBU's desire to keep up with current global trends was the emergence in May 2016 of the first Ukrainian «Karbowanec» cryptocurrency (after the Karbo rebranding in September 2017), which prompted many financial agents to ask whether – «Can you trust Karbo?» and «What is Karbo better than other cryptocurrencies?». Karbo is positioned as an alternative to low volatility settlement, designed for calculations and real use with new cryptocurrency ways of regulating money supply and market price. However, the question remains open – should the state recognize cryptocurrency as a digital (virtual) currency, or as a means of exchange or payment, or as other digital or intangible assets, or as property rights, etc., to introduce a method of accounting and regulate the system of taxation of transactions with it?

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Ivanova, Zhanna B. "Collection of Debts on Electronic Money Payments in Virtual Currency". Jurist 10 (3.10.2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2019-10-28-32.

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Fabus, Juraj, i Viktoria Simkova. "Globalization of payment – Bitcoin ATMs at post offices". SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112903007.

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Research background: As humanity evolves, so do the new payment options. Today, one of the most popular and powerful electronic money is Bitcoin. Over time, virtual currency is becoming one of the most widely available and used means of payment. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to analyse ATMs in post offices, focusing on virtual currency ATMs. The paper also includes an analysis of available ATMs for virtual currencies and a comparison of their capabilities. Methods: We compare three most important ATM manufacturers and their most used models. It examines the use of those ATMs in post offices in Slovakia and abroad. Paper also analyses the attitude of customers of Slovak Post towards the deployment of virtual currency ATMs at its branches (on a sample of 400 respondents). Findings & Value added: In the Slovak Republic postal services are offered by several companies (19 out of 24 providers responded to our questionnaire). Slovak Post is leading provider of distribution, communication, and payment services in Slovakia. Czech Post is an example of country where virtual currency ATMs were introduced but subsequently withdrawn from post offices. In turn, Austrian Post Office is an example of a country where this system still operates and expands. While Slovak market still lacks such a service in the postal business, these trends will adapt over time. The virtual currency ATMs we have in Slovakia, are not operated by postal enterprises.

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Subhalakshmi S., K. Samuvel. "A Virtual Progression (UPI) Towards Fostering Fiscal Integration and Growth". Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, nr 1 (18.02.2023): 1759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.336.

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Since 2016, the Indian market has been responsible for the majority of the UPI platform's adoption, which is also referred to as the Unified Payment Interface (often known simply as UPI). This study's objective is to discover how the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in India is affecting the underserved people there in terms of their level of economic development, access to banking services, and financial literacy. In order to demonstrate the existence of the connection, a structural equation modeling-based route analysis of the significant component is carried out. In order to collect the information required for the inquiry, a questionnaire using an interval scale was utilised. It has been discovered that people's acquaintance with personal finance may be affected as a result of the UPI. There is a negative correlation between the tempo of economic augmentation and the percentage of the population that is financially literate and, as a result, actively participates in the financial system. The reason for this is that having a strong understanding of personal finance inspires more people to make use of the monetary system. When monetary means are included into either of these linkages, the quality of either or both of those ties is improved. The most significant outcome of the research was that UPI has a variety of beneficial benefits on society. This has a knock-on effect of increasing financial literacy, which in turn assists people with lower incomes in bettering their financial situation and participating in the financial system. As a consequence of this, the findings of this study might have some influence on how the UPI policy is established in the years to come. In prior research, a correlation between the UPI and any of the aforementioned indices of the involvement of economically excluded groups was not discovered to exist.

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Malykh, E. B., i V. I. Pakhomov. "Russia's Strategic Priorities in the Global Monetary System from the Point of View of Ensuring Foreign Economic Security". Economics and Management 26, nr 3 (12.05.2020): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-3-297-305.

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The presented study analyzes the reasons for the need to move away from the US dollar (hereinafter referred to as the dollar) as a universal means of payment in international trade based on the existing threats, examines alternative means of international payments, and identifies their benefits and drawbacks in the context of Russia’s economic security.Aim. The study aims to identify and characterize the means of international payments that fall in line with Russia’s strategic priorities from the perspective of economic security.Tasks. The author considers the risks of using the dollar in international payments and reserves, assesses various means of international payments from the perspective of Russia’s strategic interests, and evaluates the possibility of substituting the dollar with alternative means of international payments.Methods. This study analyzes information from the International Economic Forums, statistics of the Central Bank of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the economic security strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030, reports of news agencies, and works of Russian and foreign authors on the subject.Results. Based on the results of the conducted study, the author draws several conclusions. Due to many factors, the most important of them being the volume of trade in dollars, the dollar will remain the world’s leading currency in international trade. However, given that de-dollarization is a global process, the existing trends will amplify. A supranational currency is unlikely to appear for a number of reasons. First, the obvious opposition of the United States due to its unwillingness to let go of such a powerful lever of economic well-being and political influence as the use of the dollar as a global means of payment. The US would probably agree to creating a supranational currency in the medium term if the global process of de-dollarization reaches critical values. Second, the financial and trade centers of the euro and renminbi area are likely to focus on developing their own currencies, especially given the growing global GDP and China’s trade. Creating a supranational currency based on the existing structure of the International monetary Fund (hereinafter — the IMF), following the example of Special Drawing Rights (SDR), with the IMF virtually controlled by the United States, will not eliminate the threat of the currency being used as an instrument of political pressure on individual countries. Replacing the dollar with such kind of supranational currency does not serve the interests of Russia’s economic security. A potential alternative involves creating a supranational currency based on a structure that is independent of the IMF. In this case, the obstacles would include the obvious opposition of the US and its allies and the potential influence of the US on the emission of the supranational currency using its foreign political resources to affect the decisions made by other countries. Using national currencies in international trade in the medium term under the influence of globalization would lead to a formation of multiple currency centers. These centers would most likely be the dollar, euro, renminbi, and ruble.Conclusions. The creation of a ruble-based International Monetary Center with the CIS, BRIC countries (except China), and Turkey serves Russia’s strategic interests. Further consolidation around the ruble would require implementing a financial sustainability policy, maintaining the stability of the macroeconomic environment, creating an international bank similar to the IMF with payments made in rubles, strengthening offshore ruble areas, and increasing high-tech exports.

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Souza-Rodrigues, Eduardo. "Deforestation in the Amazon: A Unified Framework for Estimation and Policy Analysis". Review of Economic Studies 86, nr 6 (6.12.2018): 2713–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy070.

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Abstract Deforestation is a matter of pressing global concern, yet surprisingly little is known about the relative efficacy of various policies designed to combat it. This article sets out a framework for measuring the cost effectiveness of alternative policies—both command-and-control and incentive-based—in the Brazilian Amazon. First, I estimate the demand for deforestation on private properties, exploiting regional variation in transportation costs as a means to recover farmers’ responses to permanent policies. Here, rescaling transportation costs using local yields allows me to express changes in farmers’ valuations in dollars per hectare. I then use the estimated demand to infer farmers’ willingness to deforest under different counterfactual policies, such as payments to avoid deforestation and taxes on land use, along with the corresponding potential farmers’ lost surpluses. The results indicate that payment programmes and land use taxes on agricultural land can be highly effective in preserving the rainforest and also be substantially less expensive than command-and-control policies (approximately 8 times less costly). A carbon tax equal to the social cost of carbon could virtually eliminate all agricultural land in the Amazon, given the low agricultural returns there.

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Mandalkar, S. S., i Prathamesh R. Bobhate. "A STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE TOWARDS DIGITAL WALLETS DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC". SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 8, nr 65 (25.03.2021): 15087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v8i65.1352.

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The ongoing spread of COVID-19 has become one of the biggest threats to the global economy and financial markets. To contain the impact of coronavirus outbreak, India, just like many countries across the globe, is taking several measures; including a nationwide lockdown, limiting movement of the entire population, shutting down public places and transports, urging the public to stay indoors, maintaining social distancing and developing work from home culture. During the period of lockdown, usage of digital wallets has increased. The digital wallet is a leading concept in India that has been beating credit card handling and is gradually beginning to swap the old traditional payment methods. The Digital wallets are virtual wallets; where one can easily store cash for making offline and online payments. Digital wallet app growth point outs the increasing need for efficient payment methods. These offer a much more secure and faster way for engaging transactions. The start- ups and large corporate businesses are also continuously on the lookout for customer-friendly technologies, thereby giving more value and convenience to the customers; especially during COVID-19 era, to retain old and attract new customers. This study was carried out to find out the factors, which affect consumer preference and frequency of usage towards digital wallets. Using a structured questionnaire with the help of ‘Google form’, the primary data was collected from a sample of 115 respondents. ANOVA and frequency analysis were used to find out the factors that affect the consumer preference and impact of various factors on consumer preference towards digital wallets were also analyzed.

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