Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Virginia City (Mont.)”

Ever since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic begins, countries from around the world have implemented quarantine or lockdown restrictions to prevent the spread of Corona Virus and its variants. The Philippine government started to announce the enforcement of quarantine/lockdown restrictions last March 16, 2020. Because of the increasing cases of infection and increasing death statistics, quarantine/lockdown has been specified and categorized using several terms. These terms, all of which are written in the English language are highly technical. The study, therefore, will attempt to translate these different quarantine classifications into Filipino and show how these translations may become more effective and communicative. Pragmatic translation will serve as the methodology to translate these quarantine/lockdown classifications. The analysis of the procedure will lead to the idea that pragmatic translation is about being communicative. This translation may give a clearer picture of local quarantine/lockdown specifications that eventually leads to a better comprehension of the said regulations. References Abulhassan Hassan, Bahaa-eddin. Literary Translation: Aspects of Pragmatic Meaning. New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholar Publishing, 2011.Almario, Virgilio. Kwarentina. Quezon City: Adarna House, 2020.Austriaco Jr., Nicanor. “Implementing a Science-Based Granular Lockdown for NCR.” Rappler, March 18, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-implementing-science-based-granular-lockdown-ncr. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Course Book in Translation, 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge, 2011.Bravo, April M. “Village in Sta. Cruz town now under extreme ECQ.” Philippine Information Agency, June 02, 2020.“Comparative Matrix: ECQ vs. MECQ.” Inter-Agency Task Force-Department of Health. April 23, 2021. https://iatf.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Comparative-Matrix-ECQ-vs-MECQ.pdf“Covid-19 FAQS.” Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/COVID-19/FAQs?gclid+EAIaI QobChMI4YLHqN-L8AIVwUNgCh2w9AzaEAAYASAAEgJr _fD_BwE Uploaded April 21, 2021.“Covid-19 Watch | ABS-CBN News.” ABS-CBN News. 2020. https://news.abscbn.com/covid19 -watch. Uploaded April 21, 2021.Doromal, Carla. “Malay LGU implements ‘surgical lockdown’ in Boracay until April 10.” CNN Philippines, March 28, 2021. https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/3/28/surgical-lockdown-malay-boracay.html. Uploaded April 19, 2021.GMA 24 Oras. March 30, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yY04JHeU5HE. Uploaded April 23, 2021.Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. The Translator as Communicator. New York: Routledge, 1997.Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Longman, Edinburg Gate: Harlow, 1990.“Inter-Agency Task Force.” Department of Health. https://iatf.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220604-IATF-GUIDELINES-1.pdf. Uploaded January 2023.Jalea, Glee. “EXPLAINER: What you need to know about the NCR Plus Bubble.” CNN Philippines, March 22, 2021. https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/3/22/Explainer-GCQ-bubble-NCR plus.html? fbclid=IwAR0kJSSwj8ESRoLjqSaMtrmDI1_PbMhta Wl0Njq3bZhZgKJPvSRXcbGLjDc. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Kiraly, Don. Translation Education, in Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process. Kent: The Kent State University Press, 1995.Leone, Massimo. “The New Words of Covid.” Academia (2020) https://www.academia.edu/44112154/2020_The_New_Words_of_COVID Uploaded September 18, 2020.Losusso, Anna Maria. Interpretation and Culture: Umberto Eco’s Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.Magsambol, Bonz. “Experts propose ‘Circuit Breaker’ Lockdown to curb COVID-19 spread in Metro Manila.” Rappler, March 19, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/octa-research-proposes-circuit-breaker-lockdown-curb-coronavirus-spread. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Maingat, Trisha Alexis. “Know the Difference: ECQ, MECQ, GCQ, MGCQ, Sectors Allowed to Operate and Other Implemented Measures”. From the Public Announcement of Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque cited in https://carpolaw.com/know-the-difference-ecq-mecq-gcq-mgcq/. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Mercado, Neil Arwin. “OCTA Proposes Hard GCQ or Soft MECQ to contain COVID-19 surge.” Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 12, 2021. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1408879/octa-proposes-hard-gcq-or-soft-mecq-to-contain-covid-19-surge. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. New York: Routledge, 2016.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988.“Palace: Extending ECQ in Metro Manila, Nearby Provinces ‘Absolute Last Resort’ | ANC.” March 20, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1p2bv4MBEYg Peña, Elizabeth D. “Lost in Translation: Methodological Considerations in Cross-Cultural Research”, in Society for Research in Child Development 78, 2007: 1258.“Quezon City Gov’t Places 20 Areas under ‘Special Concern Lockdown’ | Teleradyo.” 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXz_3EP0Veg. Uploaded April 23, 2021.Reyes, Dempsey. “DILG mulls translating ECQ Guidelines in Tagalog.” The Manila Times, April 5, 2021. https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/04/05/news/national/dilg-mulls-translating-ecq-guidelines-into-tagalog/860115/. Uploaded April 19, 2021.San Juan, David Michael. “Community pantry sa Filipino - paminggalan ng bayan. - Dr. Batnag.” Twitter, April 18, 2021. https://twitter.com/dmmsanjuan/status/1383651126038302725 “Types of Community Quarantine in the Philippines.” Department of Health. https://caro.doh.gov.ph/types-of-community-quarantine-in-the-philippines/. Uploaded January 2023.Venuti, Lawrence. “Translation, Community, Utopia”, in The Translation Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 2000: 470.

Introduction Food has always been an essential component of daily life. Today, thinking about food is a much more complicated pursuit than planning the next meal, with food studies scholars devoting their efforts to researching “anything pertaining to food and eating, from how food is grown to when and how it is eaten, to who eats it and with whom, and the nutritional quality” (Duran and MacDonald 234). This is in addition to the work undertaken by an increasingly wide variety of popular culture researchers who explore all aspects of food (Risson and Brien 3): including food advertising, food packaging, food on television, and food in popular fiction. In creating stories, from those works that quickly disappear from bookstore shelves to those that become entrenched in the literary canon, writers use food to communicate the everyday and to explore a vast range of ideas from cultural background to social standing, and also use food to provide perspectives “into the cultural and historical uniqueness of a given social group” (Piatti-Farnell 80). For example in Oliver Twist (1838) by Charles Dickens, the central character challenges the class system when: “Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger and reckless with misery. He rose from the table, and advancing basin and spoon in hand, to the master, said, somewhat alarmed at his own temerity–‘Please, sir, I want some more’” (11). Scarlett O’Hara in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind (1936) makes a similar point, a little more dramatically, when she declares: “As God is my witness, I’m never going to be hungry again” (419). Food can also take us into the depths of another culture: places that many of us will only ever read about. Food is also used to provide insight into a character’s state of mind. In Nora Ephron’s Heartburn (1983) an item as simple as boiled bread tells a reader so much more about Rachel Samstat than her preferred bakery items: “So we got married and I got pregnant and I gave up my New York apartment and moved to Washington. Talk about mistakes [...] there I was, trying to hold up my end in a city where you can’t even buy a decent bagel” (34). There are three ways in which writers can deal with food within their work. Firstly, food can be totally ignored. This approach is sometimes taken despite food being such a standard feature of storytelling that its absence, be it a lonely meal at home, elegant canapés at an impressively catered cocktail party, or a cheap sandwich collected from a local café, is an obvious omission. Food can also add realism to a story, with many authors putting as much effort into conjuring the smell, taste, and texture of food as they do into providing a backstory and a purpose for their characters. In recent years, a third way has emerged with some writers placing such importance upon food in fiction that the line that divides the cookbook and the novel has become distorted. This article looks at cookbooks and cookery in popular fiction with a particular focus on crime novels. Recipes: Ingredients and Preparation Food in fiction has been employed, with great success, to help characters cope with grief; giving them the reassurance that only comes through the familiarity of the kitchen and the concentration required to fulfil routine tasks: to chop and dice, to mix, to sift and roll, to bake, broil, grill, steam, and fry. Such grief can come from the breakdown of a relationship as seen in Nora Ephron’s Heartburn (1983). An autobiography under the guise of fiction, this novel is the first-person story of a cookbook author, a description that irritates the narrator as she feels her works “aren’t merely cookbooks” (95). She is, however, grateful she was not described as “a distraught, rejected, pregnant cookbook author whose husband was in love with a giantess” (95). As the collapse of the marriage is described, her favourite recipes are shared: Bacon Hash; Four Minute Eggs; Toasted Almonds; Lima Beans with Pears; Linguine Alla Cecca; Pot Roast; three types of Potatoes; Sorrel Soup; desserts including Bread Pudding, Cheesecake, Key Lime Pie and Peach Pie; and a Vinaigrette, all in an effort to reassert her personal skills and thus personal value. Grief can also result from loss of hope and the realisation that a life long dreamed of will never be realised. Like Water for Chocolate (1989), by Laura Esquivel, is the magical realist tale of Tita De La Garza who, as the youngest daughter, is forbidden to marry as she must take care of her mother, a woman who: “Unquestionably, when it came to dividing, dismantling, dismembering, desolating, detaching, dispossessing, destroying or dominating […] was a pro” (87). Tita’s life lurches from one painful, unjust episode to the next; the only emotional stability she has comes from the kitchen, and from her cooking of a series of dishes: Christmas Rolls; Chabela Wedding Cake; Quail in Rose Petal Sauce; Turkey Mole; Northern-style Chorizo; Oxtail Soup; Champandongo; Chocolate and Three Kings’s Day Bread; Cream Fritters; and Beans with Chilli Tezcucana-style. This is a series of culinary-based activities that attempts to superimpose normalcy on a life that is far from the everyday. Grief is most commonly associated with death. Undertaking the selection, preparation and presentation of meals in novels dealing with bereavement is both a functional and symbolic act: life must go on for those left behind but it must go on in a very different way. Thus, novels that use food to deal with loss are particularly important because they can “make non-cooks believe they can cook, and for frequent cooks, affirm what they already know: that cooking heals” (Baltazar online). In Angelina’s Bachelors (2011) by Brian O’Reilly, Angelina D’Angelo believes “cooking was not just about food. It was about character” (2). By the end of the first chapter the young woman’s husband is dead and she is in the kitchen looking for solace, and survival, in cookery. In The Kitchen Daughter (2011) by Jael McHenry, Ginny Selvaggio is struggling to cope with the death of her parents and the friends and relations who crowd her home after the funeral. Like Angelina, Ginny retreats to the kitchen. There are, of course, exceptions. In Ntozake Shange’s Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo (1982), cooking celebrates, comforts, and seduces (Calta). This story of three sisters from South Carolina is told through diary entries, narrative, letters, poetry, songs, and spells. Recipes are also found throughout the text: Turkey; Marmalade; Rice; Spinach; Crabmeat; Fish; Sweetbread; Duck; Lamb; and, Asparagus. Anthony Capella’s The Food of Love (2004), a modern retelling of the classic tale of Cyrano de Bergerac, is about the beautiful Laura, a waiter masquerading as a top chef Tommaso, and the talented Bruno who, “thick-set, heavy, and slightly awkward” (21), covers for Tommaso’s incompetency in the kitchen as he, too, falls for Laura. The novel contains recipes and contains considerable information about food: Take fusilli […] People say this pasta was designed by Leonardo da Vinci himself. The spiral fins carry the biggest amount of sauce relative to the surface area, you see? But it only works with a thick, heavy sauce that can cling to the grooves. Conchiglie, on the other hand, is like a shell, so it holds a thin, liquid sauce inside it perfectly (17). Recipes: Dishing Up Death Crime fiction is a genre with a long history of focusing on food; from the theft of food in the novels of the nineteenth century to the utilisation of many different types of food such as chocolate, marmalade, and sweet omelettes to administer poison (Berkeley, Christie, Sayers), the latter vehicle for arsenic receiving much attention in Harriet Vane’s trial in Dorothy L. Sayers’s Strong Poison (1930). The Judge, in summing up the case, states to the members of the jury: “Four eggs were brought to the table in their shells, and Mr Urquhart broke them one by one into a bowl, adding sugar from a sifter [...he then] cooked the omelette in a chafing dish, filled it with hot jam” (14). Prior to what Timothy Taylor has described as the “pre-foodie era” the crime fiction genre was “littered with corpses whose last breaths smelled oddly sweet, or bitter, or of almonds” (online). Of course not all murders are committed in such a subtle fashion. In Roald Dahl’s Lamb to the Slaughter (1953), Mary Maloney murders her policeman husband, clubbing him over the head with a frozen leg of lamb. The meat is roasting nicely when her husband’s colleagues arrive to investigate his death, the lamb is offered and consumed: the murder weapon now beyond the recovery of investigators. Recent years have also seen more and more crime fiction writers present a central protagonist working within the food industry, drawing connections between the skills required for food preparation and those needed to catch a murderer. Working with cooks or crooks, or both, requires planning and people skills in addition to creative thinking, dedication, reliability, stamina, and a willingness to take risks. Kent Carroll insists that “food and mysteries just go together” (Carroll in Calta), with crime fiction website Stop, You’re Killing Me! listing, at the time of writing, over 85 culinary-based crime fiction series, there is certainly sufficient evidence to support his claim. Of the numerous works available that focus on food there are many series that go beyond featuring food and beverages, to present recipes as well as the solving of crimes. These include: the Candy Holliday Murder Mysteries by B. B. Haywood; the Coffeehouse Mysteries by Cleo Coyle; the Hannah Swensen Mysteries by Joanne Fluke; the Hemlock Falls Mysteries by Claudia Bishop; the Memphis BBQ Mysteries by Riley Adams; the Piece of Cake Mysteries by Jacklyn Brady; the Tea Shop Mysteries by Laura Childs; and, the White House Chef Mysteries by Julie Hyzy. The vast majority of offerings within this female dominated sub-genre that has been labelled “Crime and Dine” (Collins online) are American, both in origin and setting. A significant contribution to this increasingly popular formula is, however, from an Australian author Kerry Greenwood. Food features within her famed Phryne Fisher Series with recipes included in A Question of Death (2007). Recipes also form part of Greenwood’s food-themed collection of short crime stories Recipes for Crime (1995), written with Jenny Pausacker. These nine stories, each one imitating the style of one of crime fiction’s greatest contributors (from Agatha Christie to Raymond Chandler), allow readers to simultaneously access mysteries and recipes. 2004 saw the first publication of Earthly Delights and the introduction of her character, Corinna Chapman. This series follows the adventures of a woman who gave up a career as an accountant to open her own bakery in Melbourne. Corinna also investigates the occasional murder. Recipes can be found at the end of each of these books with the Corinna Chapman Recipe Book (nd), filled with instructions for baking bread, muffins and tea cakes in addition to recipes for main courses such as risotto, goulash, and “Chicken with Pineapple 1971 Style”, available from the publisher’s website. Recipes: Integration and Segregation In Heartburn (1983), Rachel acknowledges that presenting a work of fiction and a collection of recipes within a single volume can present challenges, observing: “I see that I haven’t managed to work in any recipes for a while. It’s hard to work in recipes when you’re moving the plot forward” (99). How Rachel tells her story is, however, a reflection of how she undertakes her work, with her own cookbooks being, she admits, more narration than instruction: “The cookbooks I write do well. They’re very personal and chatty–they’re cookbooks in an almost incidental way. I write chapters about friends or relatives or trips or experiences, and work in the recipes peripherally” (17). Some authors integrate detailed recipes into their narratives through description and dialogue. An excellent example of this approach can be found in the Coffeehouse Mystery Series by Cleo Coyle, in the novel On What Grounds (2003). When the central protagonist is being questioned by police, Clare Cosi’s answers are interrupted by a flashback scene and instructions on how to make Greek coffee: Three ounces of water and one very heaped teaspoon of dark roast coffee per serving. (I used half Italian roast, and half Maracaibo––a lovely Venezuelan coffee, named after the country’s major port; rich in flavour, with delicate wine overtones.) / Water and finely ground beans both go into the ibrik together. The water is then brought to a boil over medium heat (37). This provides insight into Clare’s character; that, when under pressure, she focuses her mind on what she firmly believes to be true – not the information that she is doubtful of or a situation that she is struggling to understand. Yet breaking up the action within a novel in this way–particularly within crime fiction, a genre that is predominantly dependant upon generating tension and building the pacing of the plotting to the climax–is an unusual but ultimately successful style of writing. Inquiry and instruction are comfortable bedfellows; as the central protagonists within these works discover whodunit, the readers discover who committed murder as well as a little bit more about one of the world’s most popular beverages, thus highlighting how cookbooks and novels both serve to entertain and to educate. Many authors will save their recipes, serving them up at the end of a story. This can be seen in Julie Hyzy’s White House Chef Mystery novels, the cover of each volume in the series boasts that it “includes Recipes for a Complete Presidential Menu!” These menus, with detailed ingredients lists, instructions for cooking and options for serving, are segregated from the stories and appear at the end of each work. Yet other writers will deploy a hybrid approach such as the one seen in Like Water for Chocolate (1989), where the ingredients are listed at the commencement of each chapter and the preparation for the recipes form part of the narrative. This method of integration is also deployed in The Kitchen Daughter (2011), which sees most of the chapters introduced with a recipe card, those chapters then going on to deal with action in the kitchen. Using recipes as chapter breaks is a structure that has, very recently, been adopted by Australian celebrity chef, food writer, and, now fiction author, Ed Halmagyi, in his new work, which is both cookbook and novel, The Food Clock: A Year of Cooking Seasonally (2012). As people exchange recipes in reality, so too do fictional characters. The Recipe Club (2009), by Andrea Israel and Nancy Garfinkel, is the story of two friends, Lilly Stone and Valerie Rudman, which is structured as an epistolary novel. As they exchange feelings, ideas and news in their correspondence, they also exchange recipes: over eighty of them throughout the novel in e-mails and letters. In The Food of Love (2004), written messages between two of the main characters are also used to share recipes. In addition, readers are able to post their own recipes, inspired by this book and other works by Anthony Capella, on the author’s website. From Page to Plate Some readers are contributing to the burgeoning food tourism market by seeking out the meals from the pages of their favourite novels in bars, cafés, and restaurants around the world, expanding the idea of “map as menu” (Spang 79). In Shannon McKenna Schmidt’s and Joni Rendon’s guide to literary tourism, Novel Destinations (2009), there is an entire section, “Eat Your Words: Literary Places to Sip and Sup”, dedicated to beverages and food. The listings include details for John’s Grill, in San Francisco, which still has on the menu Sam Spade’s Lamb Chops, served with baked potato and sliced tomatoes: a meal enjoyed by author Dashiell Hammett and subsequently consumed by his well-known protagonist in The Maltese Falcon (193), and the Café de la Paix, in Paris, frequented by Ian Fleming’s James Bond because “the food was good enough and it amused him to watch the people” (197). Those wanting to follow in the footsteps of writers can go to Harry’s Bar, in Venice, where the likes of Marcel Proust, Sinclair Lewis, Somerset Maugham, Ernest Hemingway, and Truman Capote have all enjoyed a drink (195) or The Eagle and Child, in Oxford, which hosted the regular meetings of the Inklings––a group which included C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien––in the wood-panelled Rabbit Room (203). A number of eateries have developed their own literary themes such as the Peacocks Tearooms, in Cambridgeshire, which blends their own teas. Readers who are also tea drinkers can indulge in the Sherlock Holmes (Earl Grey with Lapsang Souchong) and the Doctor Watson (Keemun and Darjeeling with Lapsang Souchong). Alternatively, readers may prefer to side with the criminal mind and indulge in the Moriarty (Black Chai with Star Anise, Pepper, Cinnamon, and Fennel) (Peacocks). The Moat Bar and Café, in Melbourne, situated in the basement of the State Library of Victoria, caters “to the whimsy and fantasy of the fiction housed above” and even runs a book exchange program (The Moat). For those readers who are unable, or unwilling, to travel the globe in search of such savoury and sweet treats there is a wide variety of locally-based literary lunches and other meals, that bring together popular authors and wonderful food, routinely organised by book sellers, literature societies, and publishing houses. There are also many cookbooks now easily obtainable that make it possible to re-create fictional food at home. One of the many examples available is The Book Lover’s Cookbook (2003) by Shaunda Kennedy Wenger and Janet Kay Jensen, a work containing over three hundred pages of: Breakfasts; Main & Side Dishes; Soups; Salads; Appetizers, Breads & Other Finger Foods; Desserts; and Cookies & Other Sweets based on the pages of children’s books, literary classics, popular fiction, plays, poetry, and proverbs. If crime fiction is your preferred genre then you can turn to Jean Evans’s The Crime Lover’s Cookbook (2007), which features short stories in between the pages of recipes. There is also Estérelle Payany’s Recipe for Murder (2010) a beautifully illustrated volume that presents detailed instructions for Pigs in a Blanket based on the Big Bad Wolf’s appearance in The Three Little Pigs (44–7), and Roast Beef with Truffled Mashed Potatoes, which acknowledges Patrick Bateman’s fondness for fine dining in Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho (124–7). Conclusion Cookbooks and many popular fiction novels are reflections of each other in terms of creativity, function, and structure. In some instances the two forms are so closely entwined that a single volume will concurrently share a narrative while providing information about, and instruction, on cookery. Indeed, cooking in books is becoming so popular that the line that traditionally separated cookbooks from other types of books, such as romance or crime novels, is becoming increasingly distorted. The separation between food and fiction is further blurred by food tourism and how people strive to experience some of the foods found within fictional works at bars, cafés, and restaurants around the world or, create such experiences in their own homes using fiction-themed recipe books. Food has always been acknowledged as essential for life; books have long been acknowledged as food for thought and food for the soul. Thus food in both the real world and in the imagined world serves to nourish and sustain us in these ways. References Adams, Riley. Delicious and Suspicious. New York: Berkley, 2010. –– Finger Lickin’ Dead. New York: Berkley, 2011. –– Hickory Smoked Homicide. New York: Berkley, 2011. Baltazar, Lori. “A Novel About Food, Recipes Included [Book review].” Dessert Comes First. 28 Feb. 2012. 20 Aug. 2012 ‹http://dessertcomesfirst.com/archives/8644›. Berkeley, Anthony. The Poisoned Chocolates Case. London: Collins, 1929. Bishop, Claudia. Toast Mortem. New York: Berkley, 2010. –– Dread on Arrival. New York: Berkley, 2012. Brady, Jacklyn. A Sheetcake Named Desire. New York: Berkley, 2011. –– Cake on a Hot Tin Roof. New York: Berkley, 2012. Calta, Marialisa. “The Art of the Novel as Cookbook.” The New York Times. 17 Feb. 1993. 23 Jul. 2012 ‹http://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/17/style/the-art-of-the-novel-as-cookbook.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm›. Capella, Anthony. The Food of Love. London: Time Warner, 2004/2005. Carroll, Kent in Calta, Marialisa. “The Art of the Novel as Cookbook.” The New York Times. 17 Feb. 1993. 23 Jul. 2012 ‹http://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/17/style/the-art-of-the-novel-as-cookbook.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm›. Childs, Laura. Death by Darjeeling. New York: Berkley, 2001. –– Shades of Earl Grey. New York: Berkley, 2003. –– Blood Orange Brewing. New York: Berkley, 2006/2007. –– The Teaberry Strangler. New York: Berkley, 2010/2011. Collins, Glenn. “Your Favourite Fictional Crime Moments Involving Food.” The New York Times Diner’s Journal: Notes on Eating, Drinking and Cooking. 16 Jul. 2012. 17 Jul. 2012 ‹http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/16/your-favorite-fictional-crime-moments-involving-food›. Coyle, Cleo. On What Grounds. New York: Berkley, 2003. –– Murder Most Frothy. New York: Berkley, 2006. –– Holiday Grind. New York: Berkley, 2009/2010. –– Roast Mortem. New York: Berkley, 2010/2011. Christie, Agatha. A Pocket Full of Rye. London: Collins, 1953. Dahl, Roald. Lamb to the Slaughter: A Roald Dahl Short Story. New York: Penguin, 1953/2012. eBook. Dickens, Charles. Oliver Twist, or, the Parish Boy’s Progress. In Collection of Ancient and Modern British Authors, Vol. CCXXIX. Paris: Baudry’s European Library, 1838/1839. Duran, Nancy, and Karen MacDonald. “Information Sources for Food Studies Research.” Food, Culture and Society: An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2.9 (2006): 233–43. Ephron, Nora. Heartburn. New York: Vintage, 1983/1996. Esquivel, Laura. Trans. Christensen, Carol, and Thomas Christensen. Like Water for Chocolate: A Novel in Monthly Instalments with Recipes, romances and home remedies. London: Black Swan, 1989/1993. Evans, Jeanne M. The Crime Lovers’s Cookbook. City: Happy Trails, 2007. Fluke, Joanne. Fudge Cupcake Murder. New York: Kensington, 2004. –– Key Lime Pie Murder. New York: Kensington, 2007. –– Cream Puff Murder. New York: Kensington, 2009. –– Apple Turnover Murder. New York: Kensington, 2010. Greenwood, Kerry, and Jenny Pausacker. Recipes for Crime. Carlton: McPhee Gribble, 1995. Greenwood, Kerry. The Corinna Chapman Recipe Book: Mouth-Watering Morsels to Make Your Man Melt, Recipes from Corinna Chapman, Baker and Reluctant Investigator. nd. 25 Aug. 2012 ‹http://www.allenandunwin.com/_uploads/documents/minisites/Corinna_recipebook.pdf›. –– A Question of Death: An Illustrated Phryne Fisher Treasury. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2007. Halmagyi, Ed. The Food Clock: A Year of Cooking Seasonally. Sydney: Harper Collins, 2012. Haywood, B. B. Town in a Blueberry Jam. New York: Berkley, 2010. –– Town in a Lobster Stew. New York: Berkley, 2011. –– Town in a Wild Moose Chase. New York: Berkley, 2012. Hyzy, Julie. State of the Onion. New York: Berkley, 2008. –– Hail to the Chef. New York: Berkley, 2008. –– Eggsecutive Orders. New York: Berkley, 2010. –– Buffalo West Wing. New York: Berkley, 2011. –– Affairs of Steak. New York: Berkley, 2012. Israel, Andrea, and Nancy Garfinkel, with Melissa Clark. The Recipe Club: A Novel About Food And Friendship. New York: HarperCollins, 2009. McHenry, Jael. The Kitchen Daughter: A Novel. New York: Gallery, 2011. Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind. London: Pan, 1936/1974 O’Reilly, Brian, with Virginia O’Reilly. Angelina’s Bachelors: A Novel, with Food. New York: Gallery, 2011. Payany, Estérelle. Recipe for Murder: Frightfully Good Food Inspired by Fiction. Paris: Flammarion, 2010. Peacocks Tearooms. Peacocks Tearooms: Our Unique Selection of Teas. 23 Aug. 2012 ‹http://www.peacockstearoom.co.uk/teas/page1.asp›. Piatti-Farnell, Lorna. “A Taste of Conflict: Food, History and Popular Culture In Katherine Mansfield’s Fiction.” Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 2.1 (2012): 79–91. Risson, Toni, and Donna Lee Brien. “Editors’ Letter: That Takes the Cake: A Slice Of Australasian Food Studies Scholarship.” Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 2.1 (2012): 3–7. Sayers, Dorothy L. Strong Poison. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1930/2003. Schmidt, Shannon McKenna, and Joni Rendon. Novel Destinations: Literary Landmarks from Jane Austen’s Bath to Ernest Hemingway’s Key West. Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2009. Shange, Ntozake. Sassafrass, Cypress and Indigo: A Novel. New York: St Martin’s, 1982. Spang, Rebecca L. “All the World’s A Restaurant: On The Global Gastronomics Of Tourism and Travel.” In Raymond Grew (Ed). Food in Global History. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1999. 79–91. Taylor, Timothy. “Food/Crime Fiction.” Timothy Taylor. 2010. 17 Jul. 2012 ‹http://www.timothytaylor.ca/10/08/20/foodcrime-fiction›. The Moat Bar and Café. The Moat Bar and Café: Welcome. nd. 23 Aug. 2012 ‹http://themoat.com.au/Welcome.html›. Wenger, Shaunda Kennedy, and Janet Kay Jensen. The Book Lover’s Cookbook: Recipes Inspired by Celebrated Works of Literature, and the Passages that Feature Them. New York: Ballantine, 2003/2005.

This book studies the multi-generational transition of rural and semi-rural southern black migrants to life in the embryonic urban-industrial town of Huntington, West Virginia, between 1871 and 1929. Strategically located adjacent to the Ohio River in the Tri-state region of southwestern West Virginia, southeastern Ohio, and eastern Kentucky, and founded as a transshipment station by financier Collis P. Huntington for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad in 1871, Huntington grew from a non-descript village to the state’s most populated city by 1930. Huntington’s black population grew in concert: by 1930, the city’s black population comprised the second largest in the state, behind Charleston, the state capital. The urbanization process posed different challenges, burdens, and opportunities to the black migrant than those migrating to the rural-industrial southern West Virginia coal mines. Direct and intensive supervision marked the urban industrial workplace, unlike the autonomy black coal miners’ experienced in the mines. Forced to navigate the socioeconomic and political constraints and dynamics of Jim Crow Era dictates, what state officials euphemistically termed, “benevolent segregation,” Huntington’s black migrants made remarkable strides. In the quest to transition from slave to worker to professional, Huntington’s black migrants forged lives, raised families, build black institutions, purchased property, and become black professionals. This study centers the criticality of their efforts to Huntington’s growth as a commercial, manufacturing, industrial, and cultural center.

Edna Lewis (1916-2006) wrote some of America's most resonant, lyrical, and significant cookbooks, including the now classic The Taste of Country Cooking. Lewis cooked and wrote as a means to explore her memories of childhood on a farm in Freetown, Virginia, a community first founded by black families freed from slavery. With such observations as "we would gather wild honey from the hollow of oak trees to go with the hot biscuits and pick wild strawberries to go with the heavy cream," she commemorated the seasonal richness of southern food. After living many years in New York City, where she became a chef and a political activist, she returned to the South and continued to write. Her reputation as a trailblazer in the revival of regional cooking and as a progenitor of the farm-to-table movement continues to grow. In this first-ever critical appreciation of Lewis's work, food-world stars gather to reveal their own encounters with Edna Lewis. Together they penetrate the mythology around Lewis and illuminate her legacy for a new generation, making a case for Lewis as a critical voice in African American foodways, and a pioneering professional woman chef, and the single most important figure in regional American food.

The first publication of an English translation of The Vineyard of Our Saviour, a 15th-century French/Latin sermon on the end of time comes at an auspicious time. The anonymous author of The Vineyard speaks of events at the end of the world, which ravage our world today-- raging forest fires, earthquakes, floods, draughts, and wars. The Vineyard also describes the appearance of the Antichrist, the Last Judgment, the tortures of hell and the joys of paradise. The drama of the text is heightened by over 70 illuminations that make this medieval manuscript one of the most treasured in the Bodleian Library. These images may be viewed while reading the translation thanks to the generosity of the Bodleian. The anonymous artists of these illuminations present unforgettable images of maniacal devils inflicting horrendous tortures on the damned, as well as scenes of saints and angels singing and playing musical instruments in the heavenly courts of Christ and the Blessed Virgin. The illuminations also link The Vineyard to the Carthusians and to the music and musical instruments in the courts and chapels of the dukes of Burgundy. Place of honor is given to two Carthusian monks kneeling at the feet of Christ in paradise. The monks are in all likelihood modeled from those in the Carthusian monasteries that flourished during the writing of this manuscript: the Chartreuse de Champmol, located on the outskirts of Dijon and built by the first Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Bold; and the Grande Chartreuse situated in the mountains above the city of Grenoble. The musical instruments in the courts of heaven are those of the royal courts and chapels of the Dukes of Burgundy. The illuminations reveal many details that define the God-centered milieu that inspired religious devotion and the finest sacred music of the 15th-century.

Abstract Late in August 1774, strangers began rolling into Philadelphia. They arrived from all along the Atlantic coast for an extraordinary meeting. History knows it as the Continental Congress, called because citizens of the American colonies objected to their treatment by England. While most of these newcomers had to learn their way around the city, one of them knew exactly where to go.

This chapter explores the first three diaries in Woolf’s second stage and the key acts they disclose. Inordinate diary-writing begins in the fall of 1917, the most intensive in Woolf’s 44-year diary history. She keeps now two diaries, a city diary and a country diary, and writes in both diaries on seventeen days. In July 1918, she brings her city diary to the country and begins to fuse her two diaries. Nature and culture, the unconscious and conscious, female and male join. In August 1918, Woolf recognizes in the open-ended cantos of Byron’s Don Juan, the “elastic shape” and the “random haphazard galloping” style she has been using in her diary as a form and a “method” with artistic benefits. However, in early November 1918 a crisis occurs: withdrawal of female support. Woolf responds with an extraordinary salvaging move. She creates a new audience and purpose for her diary, replacing her aging female now-detractors with “Elderly Virginia.” She now will parent herself. With this move, she offers her diary credo in her 1919 diary and enters her mature second diary stage. She reads Wilfrid Scawen Blunt’s anti-war, anti-imperialist diaries and finds there ammunition for Three Guineas.

Feminist discourse is evolving and a new wave of feminist consciousness is appearing in the media, in political debates, and in the classroom. I teach literature at a community college in Las Vegas, where the students are similar to the “common readers” of Woolf’s Morley College in their desire to educate themselves, in their educational preparedness, and in their socioeconomic circumstances. Many of my students work as entertainers on The Strip and throughout my four years of teaching in Sin City, I have observed that my female students who work in the sex entertainment industry take a special interest in Woolf’s work. These students connect their concerns about female independence, sexual assault, pay inequality, and body-shaming, with Woolf’s feminist writings. Many of these women strongly identify with Woolf’s declarations of independence in A Room of One’s Own, as well as some of her most radical philosophies, such as her proclamation in Three Guineas that, “to sell a brain is worse than to sell a body.” Woolf speaks to and for these women in unique ways, and their responses to her work reflect a new, fourth wave feminist awareness. This study considers emerging, fourth wave feminist readings of Woolf both in theory and in practice. I wish to share the unique experience of teaching Woolf’s work to college students who identify as sex-entertainment workers, and highlight ways that these contemporary women are using Woolf’s work to create a new feminist heritage.

Abstract And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. And when she saw him, 5 she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.

Abstract Late in August 1774, strangers began rolling into Philadelphia. They arrived from all along the Atlantic coast for an extraordinary meeting. History knows it as the Continental Congress, called because citizens of the American colonies objected to their treatment by England. While most of these newcomers had to learn their way around the city, one of them knew exactly where to go. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia went directly to the residence of his sister, Alice Lee Shippen. Her husband, Dr. William Shippen, was one of Pennsylvania’s leading physicians and medical educators. He and Alice relished the arrival of her brother. Since Richard Henry had been important in summoning the Congress, there was sure to be good talk where he stayed.

Abstract Between 1880 and 1937-the calendar span of The Years-the sounds of the city changed. The human and animal cacophony of the streets gave way to a mechanical roar and hum, the product, above all, of the internal combustion engine on the ground, and-more intermittently-the drone and throb of the aeroplane in the sky above. The shift was between the acoustic ambience of the streets where ‘musicians doled out their frail and for the most part melancholy pipe of sound’,’ and the ‘deafening’ noise of London, the persistent hooting of car horns, ‘the dull background of traffic noises, of wheels turning and brakes squeaking’, that greets North on his return to London from Africa in the present day.

Abstract This chapter focuses on the experience of music (or “noise”) as ethics in terms of Richmond, Virginia’s Black/White racial divide, historically the most salient social divide in the city. Richmond was the capital of the confederacy, and following reconstruction a series of laws were passed to consolidate White power and protect the legacy of the “lost cause.” The methodology for this chapter largely shifts from qualitative ethnography to a more quantitative approach involving the visualization of large data sets and a shift of focus from individuals to institutions. How does access to music making and listening, and the right to make and be free from “noise,” express and reproduce Richmond’s ethical life? Whose sounds are celebrated? Whose sounds are muted? Who has a sonic “right to the city”? These questions concern the intersection of justice, equity, and distribution that has long been a central theme in Western moral theory.

Abstract This book began in many different places. One of these was Rome, Italy, where as a child I would walk down the streets of a city filled with effigies of women. Replicas of the Virgin served as landmarks on my way to kindergarten; a stand down the street sold plastic Marys for 100 lire apiece, while larger Virgins made of stone peered out of niches and alleyways, presided over fountains, stood numbly with plastic flowers at their feet. Bending over the flowers, their babies, and the coins people sometimes threw in their laps, they all wore the same half-secret smiles other people must associate with the Mona Lisa.

Abstract In February 1795 Thomas Jefferson made a somewhat startling suggestion to President George Washington. Speaking on behalf of Fran\!ois D’Ivernois, a Genevan publisher and intellectual living as a refugee in England, Jefferson suggested transferring the whole faculty of the Genevan Academy to America and thus establishing a national university in the new United States. Geneva was in the grips of revolution at that time, and the future of the Academy seemed very uncertain. In America funds were available for such a purpose from the shares of the Potomac and James River companies. Jefferson, who knew D’Ivernois from his years in Paris, enthusiastically endorsed the idea. Having failed to convince the Virginia Legislature to adopt that plan, he wrote to Washington and urged him to allocate the funds of the Potomac shares to bring the Genevan faculty over. He stressed that Geneva, together with Edinburgh, “were considered the two eyes of Europe in matters of science,” and that whereas Edinburgh had been most famous in medicine, Geneva was “most so in other branches of science.”

Abstract Richmond (Va.) Segregation Ordinance Newspapers of February 15 carried a dispatch to the effect that a Residential Segregation Ordinance had passed the Board of Alderman of the City of Richmond, Virginia, and was before the Mayor for his signature. During the month the Association has received clippings of its releases from a magazine published in England and from a German newspaper, the Weser Zeitung, published in Bremen. The Director of Publicity prepared a full-page advertisement for the Crisis calling attention to the $200,000 Twentieth Anniversary Campaign.