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1
Thomson, Nicholas D. "An Exploratory Study of Female Psychopathy and Drug-Related Violent Crime". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 3-4 (3.02.2017): 794–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517690876.
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There is a clear link between drugs and violence, and the extensive burden drug-related violence inflicts on society. However, drug-related violence is largely understudied, especially in female populations. The aim of the present study was to explore whether women convicted of drug-related violent crime differed on individual-level risk factors from women convicted of a nondrug-related violent crime and women convicted of nonviolent crimes. One hundred and twenty-five female inmates were classified using official criminal records. Multinomial logistic regression indicated inmates higher in antisocial psychopathic traits and low level of educational attainment were more likely to be in the drug-related violent crime group. In comparison, inmates higher in callous psychopathic traits were more likely to be in the nondrug-related violent crime group. Using official records of prison misconduct, a secondary aim tested whether prison violence increased the likelihood of being in either of the violent crime groups. Results show inmates who had committed violent misconducts over a 6-month period were more likely to be the nondrug-related violent crime group. Prison violence did not differentiate inmates in the nonviolent crime group from the drug-related violent crime group. These findings are the first to explore the relation between psychopathy and drug-related violent crime, and drug-related violent crime predicting future violent behavior in female criminals. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in female violent behavior. Furthermore, psychopathy is not only shown to be an important risk factor for violence in women but also highlights that the dimensional construct is essential for understanding context-dependent violence.
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Chen, Gila. "Violent Crime Among Israeli Inmates: Does Gender Matter?" Feminist Criminology 15, nr 3 (25.01.2020): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120901861.
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The purpose was to examine (a) gender differences in violent crime, (b) gender differences in the risk factors related to violent offending, and (c) the factors that moderate the relationship between gender and violent crime among 290 inmates. The findings indicated no gender differences in violent crimes. The findings revealed that violent crime is associated with family crime, exposure to interparental violence, child abuse and neglect (CAN), and mental health. Low–medium economic status and CAN were associated with higher risk of violence only among the women. The findings highlight the intersection of CAN with self-destructive behaviors which require simultaneous interventions.
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Feng, Jiaxin, Lin Liu, Dongping Long i Weiwei Liao. "An Examination of Spatial Differences between Migrant and Native Offenders in Committing Violent Crimes in a Large Chinese City". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, nr 3 (1.03.2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030119.
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Immigrants and natives are generally comparable in committing violent crimes in many Western cities. However, little is known about spatial differences between internal migrant offenders and native offenders in committing violence in contemporary urban China. To address this gap, this research aims to explore spatial variation in violent crimes committed by migrant and native offenders, and examine different effects of ambient population, crime attractors, crime generators, and offender anchor points on these crimes. Offender data, mobile phone data, and points-of-interest (POI) data are combined to explain the crime patterns of these offenders who committed offenses and were arrested from 2012 to 2016 in a large Chinese city by using box maps and negative binomial regression models. It is demonstrated that migrant and native violent crimes vary enormously across space. Ambient population is only positively related to migrant violent crimes. Crime attractors and generators have more significant and stronger correlations with migrant violent crimes, while offender anchor points have a stronger association with native violent crimes. The results reveal that migrant offenders tend to be attracted by larger amounts of people and more affected by crime attractors and generators than native offenders.
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Smolej, Mirka. "Violence in Crime-Appeal Programming and in Crime Statistics". Nordicom Review 32, nr 1 (1.06.2011): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0105.
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Abstract Numerous studies have noted that media representations of violent crime do not correspond to actual levels and features of violence in society. The present article examines whether this is true of the Finnish crime-appeal program Poliisi-TV. In addition, the article identifies similarities and differences in Finnish violence reporting in comparison with international research findings. The data consist of 23 episodes including 67 violence vignettes that are contrasted with statistical data on violence. Violence is highly over-reported in the program. A typical violent crime is an assault on the street at night between two previously unacquainted Finnish men, although reports on more hidden and rare types of violence are also prominent. Thus, the common generalization that crime media concentrate on the most violent and serious crimes perpetrated on the most vulnerable victims is disputed. The article discusses possible explanations for the differences among Anglo-Saxon and Nordic crime media contents and calls for more research on crime media’s positive implications.
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Siregar, Sawaluddin, i Putra Halomoan. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN SESEORANG". Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 8, nr 2 (26.01.2023): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/yurisprudentia.v8i2.6279.
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Violent crime is a form of intentional action that causes a person's health / soul to change for the worse, in carrying out violence the perpetrator will make physical contact in the form of beating someone, causing a person to cause bruises in the form of wounds or the onset of pain in the victim's body. , violence generally occurs due to a dispute that has not been completed or someone feels belittled/demeaned by others so that the occurrence of revenge which ultimately leads to violent crime, in this thesis the author raises the issue of violent crime in imposing a criminal offense against perpetrators of domestic violence. District Court Decision Number 389/pid.B/2021/PN.Andada, The purpose of the problem is to find out the legal provisions referred to as violent crimes that cause a person to die and to determine the accountability In addition to the judge's considerations and the factors causing the occurrence of violent crimes against victims of violent crimes that caused injuries, the case number is State Number 389/pid.B/2021/PN. Kalianda
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Zahran, Sammy, Tara O'Connor Shelley, Lori Peek i Samuel D. Brody. "Natural Disasters and Social Order: Modeling Crime Outcomes in Florida". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 27, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700902700102.
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This study analyzes the spatial distribution of crime outcomes at the county scale in Florida as a function of natural disasters. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and conditional fixed effects negative binomial statistical techniques are used. Four crime outcomes are analyzed: index crimes, property crimes, violent crimes, and domestic violence crimes. Adjusting for socio-demographic and social order variables, we find that natural disasters significantly decrease levels of reported index, property, and violent crimes, but significantly increase the expected count of reported domestic violence crimes.
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Clery, Michael, Daniel Dworkis, Tolulope Sonuyi, Joneigh Khaldun i Mahshid Abir. "Location of Violent Crime Relative to Trauma Resources in Detroit: Implications for Community Interventions". WestJEM 21.2 March Issue 21, nr 2 (27.01.2020): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.9.44264.
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Introduction: Detroit, Michigan, is among the leading United States cities for per-capita homicide and violent crime. Hospital- and community-based intervention programs could decrease the rate of violent-crime related injury but require a detailed understanding of the locations of violence in the community to be most effective. Methods: We performed a retrospective geospatial analysis of all violent crimes reported within the city of Detroit from 2009-2015 comparing locations of crimes to locations of major hospitals. We calculated distances between violent crimes and trauma centers, and applied summary spatial statistics. Results: Approximately 1.1 million crimes occurred in Detroit during the study period, including approximately 200,000 violent crimes. The distance between the majority of violent crimes and hospitals was less than five kilometers (3.1 miles). Among violent crimes, the closest hospital was an outlying Level II trauma center 60% of the time. Conclusion: Violent crimes in Detroit occur throughout the city, often closest to a Level II trauma center. Understanding geospatial components of violence relative to trauma center resources is important for effective implementation of hospital- and community-based interventions and targeted allocation of resources.
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신, 재헌. "An Analysis on Foreigner Committed Crimes Covered in Media". Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, nr 9 (30.09.2022): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.9.44.9.435.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cases of foreigner committed crime covered in media and introduce the seriousness of the crimes committed by foreigners. According to the violent crime analysis results, the violent crimes committed by foreigners were brutal and cruel and involved revenge motive. In addition, the foreign criminals often used weapons, committed crimes in groups, and involved sexual violence crime in the violent form. In case of property crimes, the foreigners committed the property crimes in various forms including voice phishing, illegal overseas remittance, illegal loan business, and job scam. The property crimes targeted both Koreans and foreigners. Unlike other crimes, the property crimes committed by foreigners are often hidden without getting reported. Other crimes committed by foreigners included various cases including production, distribution, consumption of illicit drugs, ID card rental, illegal brokerage, and trafficking of cultural property.
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Rahmayanti Rahmayanti. "Kajian Kriminologi Terhadap Anak (Pelaku) Tindak Pidana Pencurian Sepeda Motor Dengan Kekerasan". JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2, nr 3 (29.09.2023): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v2i4.2629.
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Violent motorbike theft crimes committed by minors are increasing in the 2020-2023 period. The criminological approach is an important and strategic entity in finding the root causes of violent motorbike theft crimes committed by children so that it can provide appropriate countermeasures. appropriate. The formulation of the problem in this research consists of the criminological perspective on children as perpetrators of the crime of motorbike theft with violence, and the factors that result in children becoming perpetrators of the crime of motorbike theft with violence. The crime of motorbike theft with violence committed by children in the 2020-2022 period was 44 cases, 38 of which were successfully resolved. Factors that influence children in committing crimes of motorbike theft with violence include economic factors, environmental factors, drug factors, parental approach and supervision factors, hedonic factors, crime scene factors, presence of guardians, and religious factors. Efforts to deal with this crime are divided into 2 types, namely preventive efforts and repressive efforts.
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Yakhontova, Y. S. "Violent Crime Against Persons in Modern Russia: State and Problems of Criminological Characteristics". Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, nr 2 (27.05.2024): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-2-131-147.
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Relevance. Violent crimes that infringe on unshakable human values, namely life and health, are an integral part of society's life. The rapid change in social, economic and political conditions leads to the intensification of social tension of the population and can provoke an increase in the level of violent crime. Modern realities make it necessary to study and analyze up-to-date information about the state of violent crime, as well as to identify existing shortcomings of the accounting system for the crimes under consideration.The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies based on a systematic study of the criminological characteristics of violent crime against the individual, its state and dynamics in modern Russia, including identifying existing shortcomings in the system of accounting for violent crimes by internal affairs agencies and developing ways to overcome them.The objectives of the study are to identify the real state of violent crime against the individual in modern Russia; to identify changes in its state in the period from 2018 to 2022; to establish the main factors that can have a significant impact on official statistics and accounting and registration discipline in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and their accounting.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, systematic, statistical.Results. The article provides an analysis of the main criminological indicators of violent crime in modern Russia. Particular factors affecting the effectiveness of the crime accounting system are considered, ways of entering information by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that may affect the reliability of official statistical data are considered and classified.Conclusion. Within the framework of the study, the range of crimes classified as violent was determined, the validity of attributing crimes committed with the use of instrumental violence to the category of violent crimes against the person was considered. The necessity of introducing separate statistical forms aimed at collecting information about violent crime is substantiated.Factors that may have an impact on the reliability and accuracy of official data are considered, special attention was paid to such a phenomenon as artificial latency of crimes. The interrelation of the method of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies with the phenomenon of artificial latency of crimes is analyzed. In our opinion, a real reduction in the level of artificial latent crime could be influenced by a change in the accounting system for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies.
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Baranauskas, Andrew J. "War Zones and Depraved Violence: Exploring the Framing of Urban Neighborhoods in News Reports of Violent Crime". Criminal Justice Review 45, nr 4 (6.04.2020): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016820915638.
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This study examines the role that the news media play in casting certain urban neighborhoods as particularly violent areas. It is possible that the news media serve as a key source of information about urban neighborhoods to the general public, just as the media are the main source of crime information to those who do not directly experience crime. Based on a thematic content analysis of newspaper reports of violent crime in four American cities, this study explores the language used by journalists to describe urban neighborhoods and the crimes that occur within them in reports of violent crime. Findings suggest that newspaper articles reporting crime in disadvantaged Black neighborhoods are likely to use intense language to describe the normalcy of crime and the terrible nature of crime in these areas. Reports of crime originating in affluent White neighborhoods are likely to highlight the unusual, shocking nature of the violence. Implications for perceptual and policy reactions to crime in urban neighborhoods are discussed.
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Avdeev, V. A., i O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation". Russian Family Doctor, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10673.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., i O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation". Russian Family Doctor, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10705.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., i O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation". Yugra State University Bulletin, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200107-16.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Miller, Ted R., Mark A. Cohen, David I. Swedler, Bina Ali i Delia V. Hendrie. "Incidence and Costs of Personal and Property Crimes in the USA, 2017". Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, nr 1 (2021): 24–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.36.
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AbstractTotal cost estimates for crime in the USA are both out-of-date and incomplete. We estimated incidence and costs of personal crimes (both violent and non-violent) and property crimes in 2017. Incidence came from national arrest data, multi-state estimates of police-reported crimes per arrest, national victimization and road crash surveys, and police underreporting studies. We updated and expanded upon published unit costs. Estimated crime costs totaled $2.6 trillion ($620 billion in monetary costs plus quality of life losses valued at $1.95 trillion; 95 % uncertainty interval $2.2–$3.0 trillion). Violent crime accounted for 85 % of costs. Principal contributors to the 10.9 million quality-adjusted life years lost were sexual violence, physical assault/robbery, and child maltreatment. Monetary expenditures caused by criminal victimization represent 3 % of Gross Domestic Product – equivalent to the amount spent on national defense. These estimates exclude the additional costs of preventing and avoiding crime such as enhanced lighting and burglar alarms. They also exclude crimes against businesses and most white-collar and corporate offenses.
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Walby, Sylvia, i Jude Towers. "Untangling the concept of coercive control: Theorizing domestic violent crime". Criminology & Criminal Justice 18, nr 1 (7.01.2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817743541.
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The article assesses three approaches to domestic violence: two that use the concept of ‘coercive control’ and one that uses ‘domestic violent crime’. These are: Stark’s concept of coercive control; Johnson’s distinction between situational couple violence and intimate terrorism, in which coercive control is confined to the latter; and that of domestic violent crime, in which all physical violence is conceptualized as coercive and controlling. The article assesses these three approaches on seven issues. It offers original analysis of data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales concerning variations in repetition and seriousness in domestic violent crime. It links escalation in domestic violent crime to variations in the economic resources of the victim. It concludes that the concept of domestic violent crime is preferable to that of coercive control when seeking to explain variations in domestic violence.
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Friedson, Michael, i Patrick Sharkey. "Violence and Neighborhood Disadvantage after the Crime Decline". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660, nr 1 (9.06.2015): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215579825.
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Violent crime is known to be concentrated in the same urban neighborhoods as poverty and other forms of disadvantage. While U.S. violent crime has declined at an unprecedented rate over the past two decades, little is known about the spatial distribution of this decline within cities. Using longitudinal neighborhood crime data from six U.S. cities during the national crime decline, this article examines changes in (1) crime rates of neighborhoods grouped by their initial crime levels, poverty rates, and racial/ethnic makeups; (2) the neighborhood exposure to violence of urban residents classified by race/ethnicity and poverty status; and (3) the relative distribution of violent crime across urban neighborhoods. We find that crime levels declined the most in the initially most violent and disadvantaged neighborhoods and that exposure to violence fell the most among disadvantaged urban residents. Nonetheless, crime remained concentrated in cities’ initially most violent and disadvantaged locales.
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Jarvis, John P., Ashley Mancik i Wendy C. Regoeczi. "Police Responses to Violent Crime". Criminal Justice Review 42, nr 1 (22.12.2016): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816684198.
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This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.
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Kramer, Ronald C. "State violence and violent crime". Peace Review 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659408425791.
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Flores, Andrew R., Rebecca L. Stotzer, Ilan H. Meyer i Lynn L. Langton. "Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019". PLOS ONE 17, nr 12 (21.12.2022): e0279363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279363.
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We estimate the prevalence and characteristics of violent hate crime victimization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United States, and we compare them to non-LGBT hate crime victims and to LGBT victims of violent non-hate crime. We analyze pooled 2017-2019 data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (n persons = 553, 925;n incidents = 32, 470), the first nationally representative and comprehensive survey on crime that allows identification of LGBT persons aged 16 or older. Descriptive and bivariate analysis show that LGBT people experienced 6.6 violent hate crime victimizations per 1,000 persons compared with non-LGBT people’s 0.6 per 1,000 persons (odds ratio = 8.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 14.65). LGBT people were more likely to be hate crime victims of sexual orientation or gender bias crime and less likely to be victims of race or ethnicity bias crimes compared to non-LGBT hate crime victims. Compared to non-LGBT victims, LGBT victims of hate crime were more likely to be younger, have a relationship with their assailant, and have an assailant who is white. Compared to LGBT victims of non-hate violence, more LGBT hate crime victims reported experiencing problems in their social lives, negative emotional responses, and physical symptoms of distress. Our findings affirm claims that hate crimes have adverse physical and psychological effects on victims and highlight the need to ensure that LGBT persons who experience hate crime get necessary support and services in the aftermath of the crime.
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Evans, Ceri. "What Violent Offenders Remember of their Crime: Empirical Explorations∗". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, nr 6-7 (czerwiec 2006): 508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01833.x.
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Little systematic evidence is available about how violent offenders remember and think about their violent crimes. The general aim of this article is to selectively review a range of different ‘types’ of memory disturbance and their risk factors, in an attempt to draw together different strands of research concerning memories of offending that might usefully be considered together for clinical purposes. A selective review of psychiatric or psychological studies related to amnesia, intrusive memories, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), ruminations, and pleasurable memories was performed. The body of research on amnesia in relation to violent crime is relatively small and is subject to significant limitations. The empirical base of studies identifying intrusive memories arising from violent crime is also very limited, with no previous published study primarily focusing on description of the form and content of intrusive memories related to acts of violence in a population of violent offenders. A small number of studies have investigated PTSD directly arising from the commission of a violent or sexual crime, in those with mental illness. No published studies that investigated the presence of ruminations related to violent offending were identified. No systematic comparative studies were identified that described the form and content that positive memories of non-sexual violence might take. Relevant phenomenological reports from extreme populations raise concerns about selection bias. A memory-based approach to eliciting descriptions of violent offending may elicit clinical information relevant to violence risk assessment and therapeutic interventions within forensic settings.
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Feinberg, Ayal K. "Homeland Violence and Diaspora Insecurity: An Analysis of Israel and American Jewry". Politics and Religion 13, nr 1 (5.07.2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048319000099.
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AbstractJews and Jewish institutions have suffered the majority of reported religion-motivated hate crimes in the United States for nearly two decades. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in 2014 the 609 reported anti-Semitic incidents made up 59% of all religious bias hate crimes alone. Rates of reported anti-Semitic hate crimes vary considerably over the course of a year. Yet, little scholarly attention has been given to what factors cause reported anti-Semitic hate crimes to fluctuate so substantially in the United States. This paper hypothesizes that violent Israeli military engagements are critical in explaining weekly surges of reported anti-Semitic hate crimes. Utilizing FBI hate crime data from 2001 to 2014 and fixed effects negative binomial regression models, consistent findings underscore that violent Israeli military engagements significantly increase the likelihood of a state reporting anti-Semitic hate crime. Most dramatically, their occurrence increases the likelihood of reported hate crime intimidating individuals or characterized as violent by nearly 35%. This paper underscores that homeland perpetrated violence can directly impact the security of diaspora communities.
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Klein, Lloyd. "Violent Crime". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 33, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300411.
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Horton, Arthur. "Violent Crime". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 5, nr 2 (13.03.2002): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j137v05n02_06.
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Van Soest, Dorothy, Hyun-Sun Park, Toni K. Johnson i Beverly McPhail. "Different Paths to Death Row: A Comparison of Men Who Committed Heinous and Less Heinous Crimes". Violence and Victims 18, nr 1 (luty 2003): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.1.15.
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Part of the answer to violent crime prevention is to understand the route that those who have committed violent crimes have traveled in order to find ways to guide others from the road leading to such violence. An investigation of the lifelong personal and environmental factors affecting 37 men who were executed in 1997 focuses on distinctions between men in two categories based on heinousness of violent crime. The study aimed to identify risk factors and events that preceded the violent event and to compare the constellation of variables of the men who committed particularly heinous murders characterized by extreme rage and brutality with those whose crimes and criminal histories were characterized mostly by property crimes without intentional harm to people. Descriptive results suggest differences between the two groups of men related to 19 variables and the emergence of two diverse profiles of risk factors and life experiences.
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Изаксон, Р. А. "SOME ASPECTS OF VIOLENT CRIME PREVENTION". VESTNIK OF THE EAST SIBERIAN INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, nr 3(106) (29.09.2023): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2312-3184.2023.64.71.011.
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В статье рассматриваются некоторые криминологические особенности насильственной преступности, обозначается круг деяний, относящихся к таковым. Рас-крываются виды насилия и, соответственно, насильственных преступлений. Анализиру-ются факторы, детерминирующие преступное поведение лиц, совершающих убийства, умышленные причинения тяжкого вреда здоровью и др., освещаются основные про-блемы, связанные с предупреждением данного вида преступности. Материалы и методы. Нормативную основу исследования образует уголовное законодательство Российской Федерации. Методологической основой исследования послужили современные общенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания социальных явлений и процессов (диалектический, индуктивный, дедуктивный, анализ, синтез, формально-юридический, моделирование). Результаты исследования. Автором обозначены основные меры профилактики насильственной преступности. Выделены особенности поведения жертвы и предупре-ждения девиантного поведения лиц, склонных к проявлению насилия, находящихся в неблагоприятных социальных условиях (в том числе подростков), а также уже имею-щих криминальный опыт насилия. Выводы и заключения. При реализации мер профилактики насильственной преступности важнейшим ее элементом выступает профилактическая работа как с потенциальными, так и с реальными жертвами исследуемых преступлений. Кроме того, для профилактики насильственной преступности необходимо нивелировать негативные социальные явления, которые служат своеобразным «фоном» крими-нального насилия, зачастую детерминируя его. the article considers some criminological features of violent crime, identifies the range of acts related to them. Types of violence and, accordingly, violent crimes are disclosed. The factors determining the criminal behaviour of persons committing murder, intentional infliction of serious harm to health, etc. are analysed, the main problems related to the prevention of this type of crime are highlighted. Materials and Methods: the regulatory basis of the study is formed by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was modern gen-eral scientific and private scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena and processes (dialectical, inductive, deductive, analysis, synthesis, formal and legal, modeling). The Results of the Study: the author outlines the main measures to prevent violent crime. The features of the victim's behavior and the prevention of deviant behavior of persons prone to violence, who are in unfavorable social conditions (including adolescents), as well as already have criminal experience of violence are highlighted. Conclusions and outcomes. When implementing measures to prevent violent crime, its most important element is preventive work with both potential and actual victims of the crimes under study. In addition, to prevent violent crime, it is necessary to level out those negative social phenomena that serve as a kind of “background” of criminal violence, often determining it.
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Pehno, Gabriella, i Olena Kovalchuk. "Crimes of sexual violence in Ukraine: characteristics and international experience". Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, nr 40 (18.12.2023): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.40.342.
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Annotation. The article examines the normative and legal characteristics of the concept of «violent sexual crime», studies the opinions of Ukrainian scientists regarding the problem of detecting violent sexual crime, and examines the statistical data of the Prosecutor General's Office regarding the frequency of this type of criminal offense. The foreign experience regarding the peculiarities of differentiation of violent sexual crime in the criminal legal acts of the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, and the Republic of Poland was analyzed. Violent sexual crime is considered as a multifaceted complex phenomenon that requires research from various aspects, such as: prevalence on the territory of the state, profile of victims and criminals, mechanisms of combating such crime. The current state of the legal context of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and personal integrity has been studied, in particular the definition of crimes, the establishment of criminal sanctions and the imposition of punishments on guilty persons in the current legislation of Ukraine. The main criminologically significant signs of violent sexual crimes are formulated, which can later become the basis for developing a strategy to combat violent sexual crime in Ukraine.
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Herbert, D. "Urban violence". Geographica Helvetica 59, nr 3 (30.09.2004): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-59-208-2004.
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Abstract. Urban violence has become an endemic feature of cities in all parts of the world. The consensus is that levels of violence are increasing generally but that there are significant differences between different parts of the world. Recent studies review these assumptions and examine the problems associated with monitoring the incidence of violent crime. There are new dimensions to urban violence that include the rise in the drug trade, more organized crime and the trend towards more use of firearms. Cities offer specific situations in which violent crime is more likely to occur. There are geographies of violent crime that not only point out differences between cities but also highlight local concentrations of crime within individual cities. Society seeks to control violent crime, principally through its criminal justice Systems but also by involving Community action and local initiatives.
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ZHOLZHAKSYNOV, Zhandos Bahtybaevich. "Criminal Law Measures to Combat Violent Crimes: International Experience and National Trends". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, nr 1 (27.09.2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.1(31).41.
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The article is devoted to criminal law measures to resist criminal abuses related to violence. In modern society, the protection of individual rights and freedoms is one of the most important tasks. Within this task, the most critical issue is that of protection of the individual from criminal violence by criminal law measures. The problems of violent crime, despite all measures taken by the state and society, do not go into the past, but become relevant for modern society. Without exaggeration, they represent a social disaster that threatens the security of the individual, society and the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the criminal law methods of combating violent crime, to study the criminal provisions relating to the use of violence in Kazakhstan's national criminal legislation and legislation in a number of foreign countries. The article examines the opinions of scientists on the nature and characteristics of criminal violence, the criminal law of Kazakhstan and the legislation of a number of foreign countries in terms of violent crimes, formulates conclusions and sets out the recommendations for the further improvement of the criminal protection of the individual against violent endeavors. On the basis of an examination of the theoretical material and experience of foreign countries in the field of countering violent crime, the author suggested ways of counteracting the mentioned crime, suggesting further improvement of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the sphere of protecting the individual from criminal violence. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in science and practice in addressing crime prevention, comparative characteristics of the criminal regulations regarding violence in Kazakhstan and foreign countries, as well as the subsequent reform of the criminal law in the field of the physical integrity of the individual.
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Sutherland, Alex, Lucy Strang, Martin Stepanek, Chris Giacomantonio, Adrian Boyle i Heather Strang. "Tracking Violent Crime with Ambulance Data: How Much Crime Goes Uncounted?" Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 5, nr 1-2 (23.04.2021): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-021-00064-5.
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Abstract Research Question What proportion of ambulance records documenting injuries caused by criminal violence is included in police records for violent crimes occurring in the same area at the same dates and times as incidents found in ambulance records? Data We analysed subsets of three datasets during matched time periods: West Midlands Ambulance Service records of all 36,639 incidents of violent injuries from January 2012 to March 2017; 132,317 West Midlands Police records of violent crimes from January 2012 to December 2015; and 9083 records of treatment of violent injuries as recorded in hospital Emergency Department (ED) records covering September 2013 to March 2016. Methods We compared all incidents in the ambulance dataset and ED data to corresponding locations and times in incidents recorded in police datasets. Findings Approximately 90% of cases in the ambulance dataset did not have a corresponding case in the police dataset. The proportion was even lower in the Emergency Department dataset, where less than 5% of cases were successfully matched to a police record. These data suggest that adding the medical data to the police data could add 15 to 20% more violent offences to the totals recorded by the police. Conclusions Tracking identified ambulance data can add substantial numbers of serious violent crimes, over and above those reported to the police. These added cases can increase the targeting of police and public health resources to prevent harm against victims, at places, and by offenders at highest risk of serious violence.
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Johnson, David J., i William J. Chopik. "Geographic Variation in the Black-Violence Stereotype". Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, nr 3 (23.03.2018): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617753522.
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The stereotype that Blacks are violent is pervasive in the United States. Yet little research has examined whether this stereotype is linked to violent behavior from members of different racial groups. We examined how state-level violent crime rates among White and Black Americans predicted the strength of the Black-violence stereotype using a sample of 348,111 individuals from the Project Implicit website. State-level implicit and explicit stereotypes were predicted by crime rates. States where Black people committed higher rates of violent crime showed a stronger Black-violence stereotype, whereas states where White people committed higher rates of violent crime showed a weaker Black-violence stereotype. These patterns were stronger for explicit stereotypes than implicit stereotypes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the development and maintenance of stereotypes.
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Lino, Luisa Amélia, i Bruno Amaral Machado. "Imaginários e representações sociais acerca da violência e do crime organizado em Rio Branco (Acre, Brasil)". REVISTA QUAESTIO IURIS 15, nr 4 (31.12.2022): 2478–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2022.68686.
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ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é analisar as representações sociais sobre crime e violência na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. Com base em análise documental, entrevistas e questionário, e sob a ótica da Teoria das Representações Sociais, a pesquisa investiga e busca compreender as visões de autoridades estaduais sobre o crime organizado, bem como as narrativas dos moradores sobre crime e violência no contexto da ocupação da cidade por facções criminosas. Nossa análise se concentrou em: a) mapear os dados sobre o surgimento de facções criminosas em Rio Branco e as representações sociais oferecidas por especialistas no assunto; b) analisar as representações sobre crime e insegurança apresentadas pelos moradores do bairro Belo Jardim, descrito como o mais violento, e do bairro Vilage Wilde Maciel, oficialmente menos violento, levando em consideração as mortes violentas intencionais e a dominação das facções; c) discutir se os sentimentos de medo do crime e insegurança dos cidadãos correspondem ou mudam de acordo com a realidade do bairro em que vivem; d) identificar o que os participantes representam como possíveis mudanças em suas vidas desde o surgimento das facções criminosas.Palavras-chave: Crime organizado/representações sociais/sentimento de medo e insegurança/violência. AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the social representations of crime and violence in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The research seeks to understand, through documental analysis, interviews and survey, from the perspective of the Theory of Social Representations, the different views offered by civil servants on organized crime as well as residents' narratives on crime and insecurity, in the context of occupation of the city by criminal organizations. The analysis will focus on: a) mapping the data available on the emergence of criminal organizations in Rio Branco and the social representations of these organizations conveyed by experts; b) analyzing the representations of crime and insecurity of residents in the Belo Jardim neighborhood, described as the most violent, and the Vilage Wilde Maciel neighborhood, officially the least violent, taking into account the number of intentional violent deaths and the dominance of criminal groups; c) discussing whether citizens' feelings of fear of crime and insecurity correspond or change according to the reality of the neighborhood they live in; d) identifying what residents represent as possible changes in their life since the rise of such criminal organizationsKeywords: Organized crime/ social representations/ fear of crime and insecurity/ violence.
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Sergeeva, Anzhelika Anatol'evna. "Interpersonal conflicts motivated by jealousy or revenge as a condition for committing violent crimes". Конфликтология / nota bene, nr 2 (luty 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.2.38228.
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The subject of the study is violent interpersonal conflicts motivated by emotional states of jealousy and revenge or their combination. The research used a methodology based on the principles of dialectical cognition and including generally recognized scientific methods used in conflictology and jurisprudence. The author refers to moral norms in their relationship with the law, as well as in their perception by a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. On this basis, recommendations have been developed that have scientific value for the further development of the theory of interpersonal conflicts and practical significance for use in the process of establishing the circumstances of the commission of violent crimes related to their subjective side. Author established the features of the intellectual element of the intent of a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. Due to a distorted perception of moral norms, such a person has a tolerant attitude to violence, which in his mind is considered permissible out of jealousy, revenge or in the presence of a combination of these motives. The scope of application of the research results is practical conflictology and prevention of violent crimes. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the author's approach to establishing the peculiarities of the subject's perception of violent crime of moral norms, the distorted interpretation of which allows him to show aggression out of jealousy or revenge. It is substantiated that a subject who commits a crime out of jealousy or revenge violates generally recognized norms of morality, and his behavior in the event of an interpersonal conflict has an increased public danger equivalent to the public danger of hooligan motives. Taking into account these circumstances both in the development of methods for resolving interpersonal conflicts and in the prevention of violent crimes seems necessary.
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Heo, Jun. "A Study on the Aspects of the Joseon Dynasty through the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty". Korean Society of Private Security 21, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.2.197.
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In order to understand the criminal aspects of the Joseon Dynasty, I searched the Korean Version of the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty provided by the National Institute of Korea History and analyzed the extracted articles. It was searched by classifying the main crime types: murder, violent crime, property crime and sex crime. In the Joseon Dynasty, it was found that many murders were committed by high-ranking officials or officials by abusing their authority. And violent crimes have similarly abused their powers and there have been many cases of violence. There were few records of actual cases of property crimes in the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. But considering that the seriousness of the theft crime and countermeasures were discussed, it was found that it was recognized as a very serious crime. In order to maintain social order based on strict Confucian ideology, sexual crimes in the Joseon Dynasty were severely punished unlike the modern point of view of sexual crimes. In the Joseon Dynasty, as in modern times, various types of crimes existed, and interest and efforts were made to prevent them. However, the differences between the status system of the Joseon Dynasty and the present say according th Confucianism were clearly evident.
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Artyushina, O. V. "Violent Crime and IT Technologies". Lex Russica 1, nr 9 (26.09.2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.154.9.077-084.
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The article is devoted to the criminological study of quantitative and qualitative changes in criminal violence in modern Russia with due regard to the official statistical data collected by the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the period from 2012 to 2018 and modern processes in the social development. It examines the state and dynamics of crimes against the person including their most dangerous types (murders, intentional inflictions of serious harm to health, and rapes) as the basis of violent crime. The author determines the range of acts that can be committed using information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet, and evaluates the prospects for violent crimes committed by remote means. The paper proves that the related new trends of computerization, youthification, intellectualization and high level of natural latency, which were not previously characteristic of violent crime, can now be revealed. As the methodological basis of the research, the author relies on the fundamental laws of materialistic dialectics and the theory of cognition, general scientific philosophical approach to the study of social phenomena, logical, historical, system-structural and statistical, as well as concrete-sociological methods of research: document analysis and monitoring. In conclusion, the author substantiates the conclusion about inexhaustible relevance of the study of criminal violence caused by the non-ideal and contradictory nature of the man. The author considers as promising the development and application in legal science of the ideas of modern Russian philosophy concerning the need to analyze the results of progress, control over its course and consequences of introduction of high technologies. In order to solve the urgent theoretical and practical issues of combating “new” violent crime an integrative approach to definition of the methodology of criminological research that involves the development of existing problems at the intersection of the already established violensology and the current implications of the philosophy of criminological cyberology.
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Fleischman, A., N. Werbeloff, R. Yoffe, M. Davidson i M. Weiser. "Schizophrenia and violent crime: a population-based study". Psychological Medicine 44, nr 14 (26.03.2014): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000695.
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BackgroundPrevious studies have found that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be violent than the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between schizophrenia and violent crime in the Israeli population.MethodUsing the Israeli Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry we identified 3187 patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia. For each proband we identified parents and siblings, and gender- and age-matched controls for patients, parents and siblings. Information on violent crimes was obtained from police records.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia were at increased risk for violent crimes compared with controls [odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–4.9], especially women (OR 9.9, 95% CI 6.2–15.7). Risk for violent crimes was higher among patients with co-morbid substance misuse than in patients without such co-morbidity (OR 5.1, 95% CI 4.2–6.3).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that increased risk of violence is part of the clinical picture of schizophrenia and needs to be recognized as a legitimate, essential, aspect of clinical management.
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Finch, Emily. "Stalking: A Violent Crime or a Crime of Violence?" Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 41, nr 5 (grudzień 2002): 422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00256.
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Takyi, Emmanuel A., Seun Daniel Oluwajana i Peter Y. Park. "Development of Macro-Level Crime and Collision Prediction Models to Support Data-Driven Approach to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS)". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, nr 33 (17.06.2018): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777356.
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The number of violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions concerns many jurisdictions. Traditional enforcement tactics are often reactive, relying on historical crime and collision data to select locations for law enforcement. Advanced law enforcement tactics take a proactive approach. Such tactics include Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS), which uses predicted numbers of crimes and collisions to identify locations for law enforcement. This DDACTS study was conducted in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The research developed macro-level prediction models to predict violent crimes and collisions in each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) in Regina. The zonal nature of the analysis is important for overcoming confidentiality and privacy issues associated with violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions. Fifty-four input variables were used to describe each TAZ’s crimes, collisions, socio-demographic, road inventory, traffic, and land use characteristics. The analysis used negative binomial regression coupled with the empirical Bayes method (a popular approach in transportation, but relatively new to crime mapping) to develop two statistical models that predict the long-term mean value for the number of violent crimes/collisions per zone. Cumulative residual plots were used as the main goodness-of-fit test. The findings are summarized on a map showing the top ten hotzones for violent crimes, the top ten hotzones for fatal-injury collisions, and the zones where the crime and collisions zones overlap. The overlapping zones are the DDACTS zones. By focusing law enforcement in the DDACTS zones, it may be possible to reduce violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions simultaneously and use limited resources more cost effectively.
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Przeszlowski, Kimberly, Rob T. Guerette i Lori K. Sudderth. "The Role and Impact of the Use of Information Technologies by Police in Response to Violence against Women". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 12 (14.06.2023): 6125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126125.
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The last decade has witnessed an increased awareness of the crucial need to enhance police response and investigation of crimes related to violence against women (VAW). Although some research has been conducted on police decision-making in response to these crimes, there remains a dearth of knowledge concerning the influence of innovative police technologies on the investigative process and resulting case outcomes. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given (1) the intricate nature and severity of VAW crimes and (2) the substantial advancements in technology that have transformed how the criminal justice system handles violent crime cases. To address this gap, the current study adopted a multi-method, quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the Miami Police Department’s Real-Time Crime Center (MRTCC) technologies on the case processing and case clearance of sexual assault and domestic violence incidents. The results of this study illuminate the distinctive features associated with this form of violent crime and underscore the necessity of continuously advancing the strategies employed to address these incidents.
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Kurniawan A., Erwin, Adi Wijaya i Andriawan Kustiawan. "The Determinants Affecting the Violent Crime in Indonesia and Thailand (1990–2019)". Oblik i finansi, nr 4(102) (2023): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2023-4(102)-105-117.
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Due to the global increase in crime, many countries and regions have ceased to be safe places to live. The growth of global crime figures leads to the deterioration of humankind’s quality of life. This study aims to examine the causality of the total violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand from 1990 to 2019. The data were collected from the Global Economy and the Nasdaq Database. The variables used in this study are the total violent crime, Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc), unemployment rate, social security expenditure, and value of alcoholic beverage consumption. All the variables were converted into a logarithmic form. Both Indonesia and Thailand’s total violent crimes contain these wrongdoings: murder, rape, robbery (with firearms and without firearms), which includes gang robbery, and causing bodily injuries. This research has two models as both analyze different countries: Indonesia and Thailand. The empirical tests have proven the variables affecting the model of Indonesia and Thailand in the long run and short run based on the data from 1990–2019. In the long run, total violent crime, the unemployment rate, and alcoholic beverage consumption will affect the model of Indonesia by bringing equilibrium whenever disequilibrium happens. In the short run, the GNIpc has a unidirectional relationship with the Unemployment rate. In Thailand, alcoholic beverage consumption is the only reliant variable which will be self-perpetuated and affect the model in the long run. In the short run, alcoholic beverage consumption will be affected by the Unemployment rate and GNIpc of Thailand. In addition, instead of total violent crime being the dependent variable, it could affect Thailand’s social security expenditures in the short run. This study provided a clearer view of the violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand. Moreover, these empirical findings could help in policy-making to curb the worsening social violence in both countries.
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Torgautova, B. A., i S. M. Kydyrbaev. "Problems of prevention of violent crimes committed by minors and ways of their improvement". Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law, nr 2 (3) (16.07.2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/2959-4197-2023-1-2-39-44.
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The article considers the problem of violent crimes committed by minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It reveals the main problems that lead to this phenomenon, such as the lack of attention to the prevention of violent crimes, the insufficient number of preventive measures and the low culture of legal awareness in society. The article proposes specific measures to improve the prevention of violent crime, including an increase in the number of measures to prevent violence, increased control by the law and law enforcement agencies, improved living conditions and education for young people, and cooperation with public organizations. Based on these activities, it is possible to effectively prevent violent crimes committed by minors and ensure safety in society.
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Dahl, Gordon, i Stefano DellaVigna. "Does Movie Violence Increase Violent Crime?*". Quarterly Journal of Economics 124, nr 2 (maj 2009): 677–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.677.
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Coyne, Sarah M. "Does Media Violence Cause Violent Crime?" European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 13, nr 3-4 (1.06.2007): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-007-9044-5.
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Rakhmatullayevich, Gafurov Sherzod. "CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHO HAVE COMMITTED MERCENARY AND VIOLENT CRIMES". American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, nr 09 (1.09.2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue09-05.
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The article highlights the specific characteristics of the perpetrators of violent crimes selfish, the causes, and conditions to commit crimes, the classification and category of youth who have committed crimes with violence for personal gain, as well as the necessary measures to take to prevent this type of crime.
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Boehme, Hunter M., Robert J. Kaminski, Timothy Mulrooney, Robert A. Brown i Rakesh Malhotra. "Violence Within Food Deserts: A Block-Group Examination of Food Access, Racial Composition, and Violent Crime". Violence and Victims 38, nr 3 (1.06.2023): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-2022-0007.
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While there is substantial public health literature that documents the negative impacts of living in “food deserts” (e.g., obesity and diabetes), little is known regarding whether living in a food desert is associated with increased criminal victimization. With the block group as the unit of analysis, the present study examines whether there is a relationship between food deserts and elevated crime counts, and whether this relationship varies by racial composition. Results from multiple count models suggest that living in a food desert is not associated with higher levels of violent or property crime. But multiplicative models interacting percent Black with food deserts revealed statistically significant associations with violent crime but not property crime. Alternatively, multiplicative models interacting percent White with food deserts revealed statistically significant associational reductions in violent crimes. Several policy and research implications are discussed.
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HUANG, W. S. WILSON, MARY A. FINN, R. BARRY RUBACK i ROBERT R. FRIEDMANN. "Individual and Contextual Influences on Sentence Lengths: Examining Political Conservatism". Prison Journal 76, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 398–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855596076004003.
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This study examined the impact of legal, extralegal, and contextual variables on prison sentence lengths for violent felons sentenced in Georgia from 1981 to 1989. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for all violent crimes and separately for four types of violent crime: murder and manslaughter, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. Results indicated that the legally relevant factors—seriousness of the crime and number of convictions—had the strongest influence on sentence lengths. Across most violent crimes, male, older, and better-educated offenders received longer sentences than those without such characteristics. Political conservatism had a positive effect on sentence lengths for overall violent crime, robbery, and aggravated assault. Interaction effects for political conservatism and the number of convictions were significant, indicating that sentence length increased disproportionately as a court's conservatism and the felon's number of convictions increased. Findings suggest that political conservatism is an important contextual feature affecting prison sentence length.
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Kim, Hyunjoong, Sooa Lee i Jinyong Lee. "Built Environment and Crime in a South Korea Context". Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) 9, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/civej.2022.9102.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of environmental criminology in the case of South Korea. Also, it explores more effective strategies from a spatial planning perspective by taking control of diverse spatial planning factors. The study area is South Korea, and the base year was 2016. The relationship between the built environment and three crimes (theft, violence, sexual assault) was analyzed using the spatial econometric model. As a result, the best spatial regression models for violent crime rate and sexual assault rate are SEM and SAC, respectively. The most prominent finding is that the regression results in the three crimes are slightly different. The broken windows effect was negligible for significant crimes in South Korea. The influence of regional disorders on the incidence of crimes was marginal. In the three crime types, mixed land use affected raising crime rates, which is a line with some previous studies that mixed land use increases the likelihood of crime incidences. Unlike a series of relevant works, brighter nighttime light has not effectively decreased crimes in South Korea. In South Korea, CCTV did not play a role in deterring crimes. Lastly, socio-economic characteristics were closely connected with crime rates in South Korea. Findings of theft rate, violent crime rate, and sexual assault rate confirm the reliability of environmental criminology. Although this study has examined the likelihood of applying environmental criminology, further researches and discussions are followed for concrete plans.
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Le, Vu Thuy Huong, Jesse D. Berman, Quynh Anh Tran, Elizabeth V. Wattenberg i Bruce H. Alexander. "The Effects of Daily Temperature on Crime Events in Urban Hanoi, Vietnam Using Seven Years of Data (2013–2019)". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 21 (26.10.2022): 13906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113906.
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The effects of temperature on behavior change and mental health have previously been explored, but the association between temperature and crime is less well understood, especially in developing countries. Single-city-level data were used to evaluate the association between the short-term effects of temperature on crime events in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. We used quasi-Poisson regression models to investigate the linear effects and distributed lag non-linear models to investigate the non-linear association between daily temperature and daily crime events from 2013 to 2019. There were 3884 crime events, including 1083 violent crimes and 2801 non-violent crimes during the 7-year study period. For both linear and non-linear effects, there were positive associations between an increase in daily temperature and crime, and the greatest effects were observed on the first day of exposure (lag 0). For linear effects, we estimated that each 5 °C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with a 9.9% (95%CI: 0.2; 20.5), 6.8% (95%CI: 0.6; 13.5), and 7.5% (95%CI: 2.3; 13.2) increase in the risk of violent, non-violent, and total crime, respectively. For non-linear effects, however, the crime risk plateaued at 30 °C and decreased at higher exposures, which presented an inverted U-shape response with a large statistical uncertainty.
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Smirniotis, Colette, Michael Henderson, Barbara A. Bailey i Rose M. C. Kagawa. "Crime and Building Rehabilitation or Demolition: A Dose-Response Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 20 (11.10.2022): 13065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013065.
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Thousands of buildings in Cleveland, Ohio were demolished or rehabilitated since the Great Recession in the 2000s. Recent evidence suggests removing vacant and decaying buildings reduces violent and firearm-involved crime. This study examines the dose-response relationship between demolitions, rehabilitations, and crime. We use Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate the association of interest for five types of crime outcomes: violent crimes, violent crimes involving a firearm, drug crimes, and crimes often associated with building vacancy. We estimate associations in quarterly time periods from 2012 through 2017 in 569 hexagons approximately the size of a neighborhood (2000 feet, approximately 610 m, in diameter), stratified by vacancy level. Across vacancy levels, the majority of our models do not identify statistically significant associations between demolition and rehabilitation dose and crime incidence. However, in some cases, we identify positive associations between demolition and crime. These associations generally appeared at higher levels of demolition (2 or 3 or more demolitions) in areas characterized by medium to high levels of vacancy. We also find that the presence of a property rehabilitation is associated with an increase in drug crimes in areas with medium levels of vacancy.
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Wintemute, Garen J., Mona A. Wright, Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Aaron Shev i Magdalena Cerdá. "Firearms, alcohol and crime: convictions for driving under the influence (DUI) and other alcohol-related crimes and risk for future criminal activity among authorised purchasers of handguns". Injury Prevention 24, nr 1 (30.01.2017): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042181.
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Firearm violence frequently involves alcohol, but there are no studies of misuse of alcohol and risk for future violence among firearm owners. We examined the association between prior convictions for alcohol-related crimes, chiefly driving under the influence (DUI), and risk of subsequent arrest among 4066 individuals who purchased handguns in California in 1977. During follow-up through 1991, 32.8% of those with prior alcohol-related convictions and 5.7% of those with no prior criminal history were arrested for a violent or firearm-related crime; 15.9% and 2.7%, respectively, were arrested for murder, rape, robbery or aggravated assault. Prior alcohol-related convictions were associated with a fourfold to fivefold increase in risk of incident arrest for a violent or firearm-related crime, a relative increase greater than that seen for age, sex or prior violence. Prior convictions for alcohol-related crime may be an important predictor of risk for future criminal activity among purchasers of firearms.