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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Violent crime”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 czerwca 2025

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1

Africa, Adelene. "Women offenders' narratives of violent crime." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10016.

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This study addressed this lacuna in the research literature by examining the subjective accounts of women incarcerated for violent crime. By locating itself within a postructuralist framework, this study investigated the meaning which women attributed to their perpetration. It examined the identities which women posited and analysed how they either took up or rejected stereotypical gendered norms.

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Khalifeh, H. "Violent and non-violent crime against people with severe mental illness." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1467241/.

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Introduction: There is emerging evidence that people with severe mental illness (SMI) are at increased risk of being victims of violence and other crimes, but little is known about the extent, impact and reporting of violence against people with SMI compared with the general population. This thesis aimed to address key evidence gaps on victimisation among people with SMI. Methods: Work reported in this thesis includes: (a) A systematic review (on prevalence, relative risks and risk factors for violent victimisation among people with SMI), (b) Analysis of national survey data (from the British Crime Survey and the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey), investigating violence against people with self-reported chronic mental illness (CMI) and (c) A new patient survey, based on modified national crime survey methods, investigating recent crime against patients with SMI compared with the general population. Results: Past-year physical or sexual violence was experienced by around 30% of people with SMI, 12% of those with self-reported CMI and 5-7% of the general population. After adjusting for socio-demographic differences, and compared to the general population, people with CMI had two to three-fold higher odds of being victims of any past-year violence, whilst those with SMI had five to 12-fold higher odds. Victims with pre-existing mental illness were more likely to experience adverse psychosocial effects following violent incidents than general population victims. There is preliminary evidence that risk profiles for community and domestic violence are distinct, and that power imbalance and targeted violence are important interpersonal contexts for violence against people with SMI. Conclusions: Compared to the general population, people with pre-existing mental illness are at increased risk of being victims of all types of violence, and of experiencing adverse psychosocial effects once victimised. Psychiatric services, and public health and criminal justice policies, need to address violence in this at-risk group.

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Bath, Joanna. "Violence and violent crime in the North East, c. 1650-1720." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/198.

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This thesis focuses on the violent actions, illegal and semi-legal, of the men and women of north eastern England in the period c. 1650 to 1720. The north east in this period was poised between a violent reiving past and the more cultured, "civilised" society of the later eighteenth century. This makes it a fascinating period for a study of violence, in its own right and as an index of wider social and individual tensions. Both qualitative and quantitative methodology have been employed to facilitate a greater understanding not only of the bare facts of violent acts, but also their contexts and the meanings they held to those involved. The main sources for this study are legal depositions, from the courts of Durham, Newcastle, Berwick, Northumberland, and the northern circuit assizes; these have been supplemented with other material where possible. Major themes which are drawn from the material include the ways in which ideas of honour functioned to both provoke and constrain assault, the relationship between assault and legitimate forms of violence, and the nature of gender difference in the context of violent activity. By exposition of the wide range of motives which led to violence, this thesis also argues against the stereotypical perception of early modern man as prone to meaningless aggression.

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Kaukinen, Catherine Elizabeth. "The help-seeking of violent crime victims." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59077.pdf.

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Björklund, Clas. "Components of Psychopathic Personality and Different Types of Crime : The Relationship among Meanness, Disinhibition and Violent- and Non-violent Crime." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86950.

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Meanness and Disinhibition are two components of psychopathic personality, conceptualized by the Triarchic Psychopathic Model (Tri-PM). Psychopathic personality traits are related to criminal behavior. There is however, little research on how meanness and disinhibition relate to violent crime and non-violent crime. Data were drawn from a sample of college students and prison inmates (N = 1,787 mean age = 26.8 years). Meanness, disinhibition, violent crime and non-violent crime was measured using the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory ([ESI] Krueger et al., 2007). The results indicated that meanness and disinhibition explained 61% of the variance in violent crime and 77% of the variance in non-violent crime. Disinhibition had a stronger relation to both violent crime and non-violent crime. There was also a small, but significant interaction effect of meanness and disinhibition on violent crime and non-violent crime. The results support the theoretical outlines of the Tri-PM. Implications from these findings are that the ESI and the Tri-PM can be used risk assessment tools and in work related to crime prevention. Future research should in addition to meanness and disinhibition also include boldness from the Tri-PM and more severe violent types of crime in order to examine how these traits relate to intentions of violent- and non-violent crime.<br>Meanness och disinhibition ar tva komponenter av psykopatisk personlighet, konceptualiserad utifran The Triarchic Psychopahtic Model (The Tri-PM). Psykopatisk personlighet ar relaterat till brottsliga beteenden. Det finns dock lite forskning pa hur meanness och disinhibition relaterar till våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott. Data drogs fran ett urval av universitetsstudenter och intagna i fangelse (N = 1 787 medelalder = 26,8 ar). Meanness, disinhibition, våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott mattes med The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory ([ESI] Krueger et al., 2007). Variablerna analyserades med linjara multipla regressionsanalyser. Resultatet indikerade att meanness och disinhibition forklarade 61% av variansen av våldsbrott och 77% av variansen av icke-våldsbrott. Disinhibition hade en starkare relation till bade våldsbrott och icke-våldsbrott. Det fanns aven en liten, men signifikant interaktionseffekt for våldsbrott och ickevåldsbrott. Resultatet stodjer den teoretiska utgangspunkten fran Tri-PM. Implikationer fran dessa fynd ar att ESI och Tri-PM kan anvandas som riskbedomningsverktyg och brottsforebyggande syfte. Framtida forskning bor tillsammans med meanness och disinhibition aven inkludera boldness fran Tri-PM och mer grova typer av valdsamma brott for att undersoka hur dessa drag relaterar till olika avsikter for brott.

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6

Gotlieb, Jennifer Joy. "The violent crime rate decline: Towards an explanation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6225.

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Academics and policy makers have taken note of what appears to be a decline in violent crime in the early 1990's in North America. In Canada, by 1999, the violent crime rate had decreased for the seventh consecutive year. Research has failed, to date, to fully account for this decline. In fact, there are many competing explanations found in the literature. With the exception of research by Kennedy & Veitch, (1997) Carrington, (2001) and Ouimet (2002), most of the research examining the decreasing levels of violent crime has been undertaken using American data. The purpose of this study is to answer the following research question: Which proposed explanations for the decline in rates of violent crime decline are most plausible? This paper examines four possible explanations for the recent decline in the violent crime including changes in the unemployment rate, demographic patterns, police staffing levels and reporting rates. This thesis concludes that the best explanations for the violent crime rate decline between 1993 and 1999 are the changes in the unemployment rate and the changes in demographic patterns as well as changes in the police workforce. Reporting rates have remained stable and thus cannot account for the violent crime rate decline. However, even these explanations fail to account for variation in crime rates over a larger period. Clearly, more sophisticated research is needed.

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Ramos, Jose Gabriel. "Estimating the effect of poverty on violent crime." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1567103.

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<p> I examine the effect of poverty on violent crime in the United States during the years between 2000 and 2012. My analysis contributes to the literature by utilizing state-level poverty rates as the main variable of interest, and directly studying its effect on violent crime rates. I use panel data and a group (state) and time fixed effects estimation method in the study. The results confirm prior research that concludes that poverty does not have a significant effect on violent crime.</p>

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8

Ramey, David Michael. "Neighborhood Violent Crime in Contemporary Latino Destination Cities." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275414603.

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Ubani, Emmanuel Ibifafa. "Is violent crime a function of drug enforcement?" OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2829.

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This paper examines the relationship between the incidences of violent crime and the level of drug enforcement. To do this, the paper compiles a panel dataset from 30 large cities across the US and using fixed effect regression analyzes the dataset. The paper finds that increase in drug enforcement does not lead to significant or noticeable decrease in violent crime offenses. Specifically, the paper finds that the relationship between drug enforcement and violent crime offenses has a positive and significant contemporaneous relation although it is no longer significant with lagged enforcement.

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10

FitzRoy, Lee, and leef@oxfam org au. "'Violent women'?: An explorative study of women's use of violence." RMIT University. Design and Social Context, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070112.093740.

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The study examines women's use of violence, focusing on the experiences of seven women who disclosed that they had perpetrated serious indictable crimes. The crimes included murder, accessory to murder after the fact, manslaughter, child sexual and physical assaults, grievous bodily harm, stalking and threats to kill. The narratives of the seven women form the central focus of the study and these stories contribute to our understanding of the lives of individual women who perpetrate violence. I also include the narratives of one hundred and twenty workers, analyse relevant sentencing comments, and draw on key insights from other research. I began the study believing that I would discover a single truth as to why women hurt other people. My original hypothesis was that women perpetrate violence because of their previous experiences of violence perpetrated by men and/or disadvantage due to structural oppression. In part this assumption has been borne out, with all of the women who participated in the study disclosing that they have been victims of serious violence as both children and adults. However, during the course of the study, I discovered that women's lives and their choices to perpetrate or participate in violent crimes are more complex and contradictory than my simple original hypothesis suggested. I found that the women whom I interviewed and the women whom the workers worked with, were active agents in their own lives, they made choices and engaged in activities that met some of their own needs. Sometimes these choices meant another person suffered extreme pain, injury or death. I came to the conclusion that all of us have the potential to seriously assault others. Drawing on a feminist analysis of male violence, I believe that women's, like men's, violence is also 'individually willed' and 'socially constructed' (Dankwort and Rausch, 2000: 937). I locate women's behaviour in an analytical framework that views violence as a deeply embedded part of our shared ideology, beliefs and social activities. This social fabric contributes to, and fundamentally influences, the choices of individual women who perpetrate violence. The familial, social, cultural and individual factors that contribute to women choosing to perpetrate violence against others are complex and challenging. The study critically examines these factors and describes how different factors intersect with each other.

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Millar, Jack William Logan. "Beer fronts and crime waves : a GIS analysis of weather, alcohol, and violent crime /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501421&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Breckenridge, Chad D. "Empathy and reconciliation in the aftermath of violent crime." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2002. http://www.icsw.edu/resources/library/dissertations.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2002.<br>A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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13

Mondshein, Lauren Helene. "An exploration of victim-offender interaction throughout violent crime." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539506.

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Carney, Leanne. "Childhood experiences, violent crime and psychopathic personality in juveniles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284027.

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Thacker, Mandy. "Meaning making amongst South African survivors of violent crime." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8179.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-102)<br>The aim of this study was to explore the meaning attributions, in terms of comprehensibility and significance, held by South African crime survivors in relation to the traumatic event, and to see if existing international research on meaning making and posttraumatic growth (PTG) was relevant in the South African context. A qualitative multiple case study approach was employed. Semi structured interviews were conducted with ten violent crime survivors in Cape Town. The interviews were recorded and transcripts analyzed using strategies from grounded theory. Five broad thematic areas were identified: (1) disrupted schema (2) precursors to meaning making (3) meaning making strategies (4) grappling with meaning and (5) areas of significance/benefit or posttraumatic growth. While some themes reflected previous findings in the international trauma literature, others appeared to be context-specific. The results imply several recommendations for future research and clinical practice with survivors of violent crime in South Africa

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Smith, Darci. "The Impact of Neighborhood Violent Crime on School Attendance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377870264.

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Wilson, David A. "Violent crime a comparative study of Honduras and Nicaragua." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FWilson.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas C. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Honduras, Nicaragua, Violence, Crime, Gangs, Security, Social Movements, Social Capital, Police, Weapons, Civil War, Post-Conflict, Peace Process. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-91). Also available in print.

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Lundholm, Lena. "Substance Use and Violence : Influence of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Violent Crime and Self-directed Violence." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Rättsmedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193301.

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Interpersonal violence and suicide are major health concerns, leading to premature death, extensive human suffering and staggering monetary costs. Although violent behaviour has multiple causes, it is well known that acute substance intake and abuse increase the risks of both interpersonal and self-directed violence. This association is quite well established for alcohol, while a more ambiguous literature exists for other common drugs of abuse. For example, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic analogues to the “male” sex hormone testosterone are suggested to elicit violent and aggressive behaviour. Two studies (I and III) in the present thesis addressed the association between AAS use and being suspected or convicted of a violent crime among remand prisoners and in a general population sample, respectively. Further, using the case-crossover design to control for confounders stable within individuals, I also investigated the triggering (short-term risk) effect of alcohol and drugs such as benzodiazepines and AAS, on violent crime (Study II). Finally, a fourth study (IV) based on a large national forensic sample of suicide completers (n=18,894) examined the risk of using a violent, more lethal, suicide method, when under acute influence of alcohol, central stimulants or cannabis. The results of this thesis suggested that AAS use in itself is not a proximal risk factor for violent crime; the observed risk is probably due to the co-occurrence of abuse of other substances. Alcohol is a strong triggering risk factor for violent crime, constant across males and females as well as individuals with or without behavioral and psychiatric vulnerability. Intake of high doses of benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk for violent crime. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of using the lethal suicide method of jumping from a height. I conclude that mapping substance abuse patterns may inform violence risk assessment and treatment planning.

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Lewis, Alexandra. "Violent crime and fragility : a study on violent offending among children and young people in Yemen." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3959/.

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This thesis examines the relationship between violent young offending that has no clear political motive and state fragility. It does so by conducting an in-depth evaluation of crime, underdevelopment and crime control systems in Yemen, using existing theories of criminology and international development to suggest new ways of understanding and responding to violent criminal behaviour in that country and elsewhere. While one of the stated goals of this thesis is to generate new theoretical understandings of criminal violence in Yemen, its main contribution to knowledge is that it brings criminological theory into the discourse on international socio-economic underdevelopment in order to open up a new conduit for the academic analysis of fragility. In so doing, it merges criminological theory with the study of international development and state fragility, where the two academic disciplines have previously remained quite separate. The above aims are achieved through an extensive study of the Yemeni development context, based upon a combination of field research interviews conducted with prominent stakeholders in Yemen, distance research by phone and online conducted with Yemeni stakeholders, and expert consultations conducted with important analysts working either on Yemen directly or more broadly in the area of security and justice reform. The research itself, meanwhile, also provides a detailed overview of relevant theory and literature on criminology, justice reform and state fragility, while being supported by Yemeni criminal justice statistics. In light of the theoretical emphasis of this investigation, the findings of this thesis are suggestive rather than empirical. The author argues that the absence of state services, legitimate opportunities and socialising activities for young people, along with their exposure to significant levels of violence, produces extreme economic, psychological and socio-cultural stresses that lead to their increased aggression and rejection of state legitimacy, all of which combine to raise the likelihood of violent young offending in Yemen. It is argued that these trends yield a coherent analytical framework with relevant lessons for other fragile states, notwithstanding that Yemen's cultural specificities and tribal communities have produced unique influences that distinguish it from other fragile settings.

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Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza, Lillian. "Women's violent crime in Uganda : more sinned against than sinning /." Kampala : Fountain Publishers, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/36751852X.pdf.

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Söderdahl, Fabian, and Karl Hammarström. "Measuring the causal effect of air temperature on violent crime." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243130.

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This thesis aimed to apply the causal framework with potential outcomes to examine the causal effect of air temperature on reported violent crimes in Swedish municipalities. The Generalized Estimating Equations method was used on yearly, monthly and also July only data for the time period 2002-2014. One significant causal effect was established but the majority of the results pointed to there being no causal effect between air temperature and reported violent crimes.

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Evans, Ceri. "The nature of memories of violent crime among young offenders." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407769.

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Gok, Ozkan. "Structural Disadvantage, Terrorism, and Non-terrorist Violent Crime in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258729259.

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Zarate, Tenorio Barbara Astrid. "Social policy, protest participation and violent crime in Latin America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5dcad1e6-ef54-4fba-a6b4-38d68cf7d0c7.

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This thesis consists of four self-contained articles which focus on different aspects of citizens' demand for and governments' supply of social policy in Latin American democracies. The underlying questions that link the four papers are a) do social and economic grievances affect citizens' propensity to protest? and, b) do democratic governments in the region use social policy as an instrument to mitigate social discontent and violent crime? In the first two papers, I use public opinion data in order to examine the determinants of citizens' participation in protest with a special focus on dissatisfaction with the quality of public services, demands for inequality-reduction policies and economic deprivation. The results show that among other factors, protest participation is motivated by citizens' discontent over the quality of basic social services, support for redistributive policies, and relative economic deprivation. The third and fourth papers analyze the "supply side" of social spending in the region focusing on collective protest and violent crime, respectively. The third article argues that under democracy, organized labor is in a better position relative to other groups in society to obtain social policy concessions as a consequence of their collective action efforts. The results show that whereas social security spending increases as a consequence of labor militancy, cutbacks in human capital spending are less likely as peaceful large-scale demonstrations increase. The fourth paper argues that political leaders use education spending as an instrument to mitigate violent crime. It also argues that the effect of violent crime on education spending is larger when leftist governments are in power. The empirical analysis provides support for these arguments.

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Turner, Duilia Mora. "Violent crime in post-civil war Guatemala: causes and policy implications." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45266.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Guatemala is one of the most violent countries in Latin America, and thus the world. The primary purpose of this thesis is to answer the following question: what factors explain the rise of violent crime in post-civil war Guatemala? The secondary focus of this thesis is to identify the transnational implications of Guatemala’s violence for U.S. policy. Guatemala’s critical security environment requires the identification of causal relationships and potential corrective actions. This thesis hypothesizes that the causes of violent crime in post-conflict Guatemala are the combination of weak institutional performance and social factors. Determining that Guatemala is not a consolidated democracy, this thesis concludes that a flawed judicial system, inadequate police reform, and weak civil control over the armed forces have a direct causal effect on violent crime in Guatemala. Furthermore, an analysis of social factors demonstrates that these are not causal in nature but rather influential elements in the occurrence of violence.

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Guclu, Idris. "The Function of Social Structure in Controlling Violent Crime in Turkey." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33225/.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between social structural factors and violent crime rates in Turkey. The relationship between social structural characteristics and violent crime is worth exploring in areas that have attracted little academic attention, such as violent crime in Turkey. In order to understand and prevent the occurrence of crime, researchers have long investigated possible factors related to crime. Examining how crime varies across different regions can help us to understand underlying reasons for violent crime, which is considered one of the enduring problems in society. The findings of this research, to some extent, support the assumptions of social disorganization theory regarding the distribution of violent crime. Both the findings of multivariate and bivariate analysis indicated that poverty, unemployment, and family disruptions may have a positive effect on the distribution of violent crime in the cities of Turkey. The analysis of the effects of the social structure variables through the mediating variables, such as religious institutions, libraries and voluntary associations on the number of violent crimes and violent criminals, to some extent, support the tenets of social disorganization theory. However, all mediating variables cannot mediate all the indirect effects of social structural covariates. In brief, none of their indirect impacts on the social structural variables on the outcome variable was significant via mediating variables.

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Pieton, Michael A. "The Effectiveness of Capital Punishment in Reducing the Violent Crime Rate." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1495710346192765.

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Mangham, Andrew. "Violent women and sensation fiction : crime, medicine and Victorian popular culture /." Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41142635d.

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Miller, Vivien Mary Louise. "Violent crime, sexual deviancy and executive clemency in Florida, 1889-1918." Thesis, n.p, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Heeb, Alexis. "Violent crime, public perceptions and citizen security strategies in Colombia during the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9aa285b1-15e6-402f-a4e8-2f7322c9adc3.

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This research deals with the topic of violent crime in urban Colombia. Although many references are made to the conflict between the State, guerrilla groups and paramilitary organisations in rural areas, and to the problem of drug-cartels and illegal-drug production, the main aim of the thesis is to show recent trends in violent crime and discuss citizen security strategies followed during the decade of the 1990s. Chapter 1 focuses on urban homicides. In Colombia, 40 percent of the 25,000 annual homicides are committed in the ten largest cities. The cities of Medellin, Bogota and Cali account for almost 30 percent of this total. Although the victims are mainly young men from the poorest socio-economic levels, homicides are not necessarily correlated to the areas where the poor live. The probability of getting involved in a homicide, either as a victim or as victimiser, is significantly higher in places where access to economic resources is greater. Chapter 2 analyses the problem of kidnappings. The chapter looks at recent progresses in Colombian anti-kidnapping legislation and focuses on the authors, the victims and the riskzones where most cases take place. Although these crimes affect mainly the rich and the middle class, kidnappers have recently started to target victims from all social backgrounds. This strategy creates fear among citizens and permits kidnappers to extort more fees from people who could be at risk of being kidnapped. Chapter 3 looks at the issue of perception and fear of crime. This question provides a better understanding of the concept of risk and the subjectivity of decision-making when facing insecurity. If citizen security strategies have had little impact during the last decade, it has been partly because of poor levels of co-operation and communication with the population. The consequence of this has been an increasing perception of insecurity and distrust among citizens. Chapter 4 assesses citizen security strategies followed during the administrations of Presidents Gaviria (1990-1994), Samper (1994-1998) and Pastrana (1998-2002). The reforms implemented since the adoption of a new Constitution in 1991 have had important impacts on security strategies as they have given more discretionary powers to civilian authorities, especially at the municipal level. Larger cities like Bogotá, Cali and Medellin, implemented a series of successful programmes that have reduced the levels of violent crime, notably homicides. Other crimes, like kidnappings, have not decreased since the government has lacked a coherent strategy to combine its peace negotiations with insurgent organisations with its legitimate right to fight violent crime.

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Cunningham, Phillippe Belton. "Impact of community violence on African-American children and adolescents in a high violent crime neighborhood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39542.

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This project examined psychosocial functioning associated with exposure to a chronic stressor, namely, community violence among randomly selected 8 to 17 year old African-American children and adolescents residing in a relatively high violent crime neighborhood. A structured psychiatric interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised, and self-report measures including Sexual Abuse Fear Evaluation, Horowitz Impact of Events Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory were administered. Consistent with previous findings, the results indicate that inner-city African-American children are exposed to a considerable amount of community violence. As predicted, high levels of exposure to community violence was significantly associated with various measures of psychological distress, particularly with externalizing symptomatology. Additionally, regression analyses revealed that exposure to community violence added significant variance above and beyond that contributed by pertinent demographic characteristics. Partial support was found for the hypotheses that number and quality of social supports as well as self-perceived competence (self-esteem) across various domains moderated the relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress. Discussion of the relatively low levels of PTSD, fear, and depression are discussed in terms of sample characteristics and cross-cultural relevance of current diagnostic nosology, as well as, instruments measuring psychological distress. Findings are also discussed within the context of the Conservation of Resources Model of stress.<br>Ph. D.

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Arietti, Rachael Alexandra. "Social Mobility and Crime Rates, 1970 - 2010: Applying the Cycles of Deviance Model to Violent and Economic Crime." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23132.

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In his article, "Cycles of Deviance" (1996), Hawdon demonstrates how varying rates of social mobility correspond to cyclical patterns of drug use in the United States between 1880 and 1990. He proposes that social mobility alters the "deviance structure" of a society by changing the rate at which certain behaviors are labeled deviant, and thus, the rate at which people engage in those behaviors. This study provides an updated assessment of the cycles of deviance model to determine whether it can account for rates of violent and economic crime. I use social mobility to predict homicide, burglary, and overall rates of drug use from 1970 through 2010 using a time-series analysis. Crime data are obtained from the FBI\'s Uniform Crime Reports and Monitoring the Future. Social mobility data are obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, and the U.S. Census Bureau. I also control for several well- established correlates of crime -- namely, economic and demographic factors, police size, illicit drug market activity, and firearm availability. Results show moderate support for the cycles of deviance model in predicting rates of homicide and burglary. However, social mobility\'s influence with respect to drug use appears to vary with the size of the youth population.<br>Master of Science

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Parisi, Joel A. "The United States department of housing and urban development, office of inspector general, office of investigation an examination into why the agency should create a separate division to investigate gun and drug related violent crime in and around public and assisted housing developments /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2004. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A. )--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2004<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2955. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 4 preliminary leaves (ii- v). Includes bibliographical references ( leaves 108-111).

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Naylor, Bronwyn Glynis. "Representing violent women : gender and crime reporting in the British print media." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299000.

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Hoffman, D. Scott. "Effects Department of Justice Investigations have on Violent Crime and Arrest Rates." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842616.

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<p> In 1994 Congress enacted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which in part gave the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (DOJCRD) the power to investigate local law enforcement agencies for Constitutional and civil rights violations. Researchers have found these investigations are expensive, time consuming, and highly intrusive to a law enforcement agency. To understand how these investigations are impacting communities, data were gathered on cities with local law enforcement agencies that have experienced an investigation by the DOJCRD. Using a quasi-experimental, multiple time-series research design with a paired samples <i>t</i>-test, the dependent variables (violent crime and arrest rates) were analyzed for any differences before and after the introduction of the independent variable (the commencement of a DOJCRD investigation). With an established <i> a</i> = .05, adjusting for non-reported crime, and comparing to a non-equivalent control variable (national crime rate), the research findings indicate increased violent crime with the commencement of these investigations. The results also show that arrest rates significantly decreased indicating the possibility of de-policing. The negative impact to communities with increased violent crime rates and decreased arrest rates calls into question the efficacy of DOJCRD investigations. By supporting the recommendation for Congress to repeal this power given to the DOJCRD, this research can lead to positive social change by preventing federal government intrusion into local government that is negatively impacting communities.</p><p>

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Helle, Kristin. "The Significance of Place and Gender: An Ohio Violent Crime Victimization Study." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1402609933.

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Walsh, Caroline. "The Effect of Violent Crime on Economic Mobility Across U.S. Commuting Zones." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1258.

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Coles, Abraham. "THE SYSTEMIC ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT CRIME IN PREDOMINANTLY AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/741.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the issues associated with violent crime in African American communities. The study discusses the theory of racism as a key factor in the societal conditions African Americans live in the United States. The researcher explains the methodology used. The study is a qualitative study, based on interviews of eight participants answers to twenty questions. The study discusses the research sites, who participated in the research study, and how the participants were selected. The study outlines the sampling method and why this method was chosen. The descriptive statistics of participants in the study sample are reported in Table 1. Themes were identified and reported (e.g. racism and drugs/gangs). Implications for micro and macro social work practice were identified, including the need for social workers to think about the impact the environmental conditions, foreign to the experience of social workers, that may influence client behaviors.

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Reedus, LaTashia Renee. "The Increasing Significance of Race: The Effects of Race and Immigration on Violent and Property Crime for White, Black, and Latino Neighborhoods." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281644545.

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Fry, Jeannie A. "Change in Family Structure and Rates of Violent Juvenile Delinquency." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33004.

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This paper addresses the question: Have the changes in family structure in the U.S. become a catalyst for juvenile delinquency? For this research, I use existing statistics for my three independent variables: divorce rates, rate of working mothers with children under age 18, percent female-headed households. My dependent variable, juvenile violent crime rates, is measured using data from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. My control variables consist of the following: percent of population aged 15-25, unemployment rate, incarceration rates, drug rates, rates of gun ownership, police employment, percent of those with weekly religious service attendance, percent of persons who have a â great dealâ of confidence in the Executive branch of the United States, and percent of people who can trust others. I examine Gottfredson and Hirschiâ s self-control theory (1990) as a possible theoretical explanation of the correlation between changes in family structure and juvenile delinquency. Previous research has shown with less supervision, monitoring and punishing the child, low self-control results leading to delinquency. My population includes all individuals in these statistics. I use a time series analysis, spanning from 1980 to 2006, to show the changes in rates over time and the correlations between family variables and juvenile delinquency.<br>Master of Science

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Newham, Kate Josephine. "Complex, emotional and difficult : deconstructing the experiences of professionals in violent crime cases." Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26833/.

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"Complex, emotional and difficult" encapsulates both the experiences of the professionals involved in the three research cases as well as the experience as a research student while conducting this small-scale qualitative study. The research focuses upon three British violent crime cases in the late 1980s and early 1990s, case one being that of the murder of a student, case two being the torture and murder of a woman by multiple perpetrators and case three being the case of a multiple rapist. Using in depth interviews and documentary analysis of newspaper and court transcripts, the thesis deconstructs the partially closed world of the criminal case through the eyes of the professionals involved. It focuses on the role of the researcher and the impact of their relationship with their subjects in the interview situation. The difficulty and unpredictable nature of access negotiations is also explored as well as other methodological processes. The thesis examines the interplay of notions of masculinity, truth and evil as they figure in the personal, cultural and situational properties of the police, legal professionals and media. It examines the gendering of the criminal justice system and the media. It is argued that masculinity is very important in understanding the construction of the cases. The thesis explores the constructions of criminal masculinity produced by the different professionals. The police and other professional give ample demonstration in their interviews that they operate with logics of binary opposites, contrasting their own masculinity with the deviant masculinity of the offender. Truth is seen as an essentially contested concept to be approached through the lens of particular value systems and power structures. Dominant perspectives emerge on the development of procedural truth in the construction of the cases. The research also examines the use of the idea of evil to explain violent criminality, finding it being used as a catch-all term questioning the validity of criminological explanations by those who deal with violent crime professionally. Overall the thesis seeks to help the reader understand the complex process involved in constructing criminal cases from the police investigation through to the legal trial.

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Wood, Darryl S. "Violent crime and characteristics of twelve Inuit communities in the Baffin Region, NWT." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24367.pdf.

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Humphreys, D. K. "Do flexible opening hours reduce violent crime? : an evaluation of the Licensing Act." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604778.

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In 2003 the Government enacted a controversial piece of legislation aimed at tackling alcohol-related crime and disorder in England and Wales. The Licensing Act (2003) (referred to hereafter as the ‘Act’) was an effort to simplify a previously complex system for regulating licensed alcohol sales. This study is based on the examination of recorded crime and licensing data for the City of Manchester between February 2004 and January 2008, roughly two years before and after the Act’s implementation (24<sup>th</sup> November 2005). Analyses designed to examine the impact of the Act on crime were undertaken in three stages: i) examination of crime trends across the study period at the city-level; ii) measurement and analysis of changes to licensed trading patterns across the study period; iii) evaluation of the relationship between changes to licensed trading patterns and violent crime in small geographic units of analysis. This research found no evidence to support the hypothesis that relaxed trading restrictions have contributed to significant reductions in violent crime. On the contrary, examination of city-level trends in violent crime revealed a small but significant average <i>increase</i> in violent crime (7.6%) following the implementation of the Act. Analysis of temporal trends in night-time violence revealed a significant shift in the timing of offences, suggesting that displacement of crime to later periods of the early morning (3am to 6am) had occurred. However, analyses of patterns of licensed trading showed that changes to the physical availability of alcohol, the temporal distribution of closing times and density of premises over the study period varied considerably across the city as a result of the Act. It was necessary to consider whether changes to trading routines had caused any localised effects on violence (a local dosage effect) that might have been masked by analysis at the city level. By disaggregating to smaller geographic units, it was possible to examine whether a dose-response relationship existed between changes to licensing and violent crime. Using multivariate analyses, this study was able to examine the specific relationship between local changes to licensing and local violence. These analyses concluded that no significant relationship exists between change in opening hours and change in violent crime when controlling for other variables. The thesis emphasises the importance of designing evaluation studies to fit and examine the specific components of the intervention that are proposed to instil change. The collection of detailed process data on pre- and post-intervention trading times enabled a comprehensive model of licensing change to be created.

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ALBUQUERQUE, GUSTAVO TOVAR. "LEGALIZE IT?: THE EFFECTS OF CALIFORNIA S MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAW ON VIOLENT CRIME." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29350@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Existe um grande debate entre acadêmicos e formuladores de política a respeito do efeito potencial da legalização das drogas no crime. Proponentes da legalização das drogas argumentam que a legalização levaria a mais consumo e crime. Já os defensores da legalização (e.g Friedman, 1991) argumentam que a proibição por si só causa mais crimes ao desviar recursos policiais do combate a outros tipos de crime e incentivar a violência por parte de participantes do mercado negro como forma de disputar mercado e cumprir contratos. Nesse artigo, examinamos uma droga específica que responde por uma grande fração do mercado: maconha. Para isso, analisamos a experiência pioneira da Califórnia com a legalização da maconha medicinal, iniciada em 1996. A experiência californiana é particularmente interessante por se aproximar de uma legalização de facto da droga, mesmo para fins recreativos. Nós usamos uma abordagem de controle sintético para estimar um contrafactual qual teria sido a taxa de criminalidade violenta na Califórnia na ausência de legalização da maconha medicinal. Este contrafactual é construído como uma média ponderada de outros estados americanos, cujos pesos são escolhidos de forma ótima para aproximar tal média a Califórnia, antes da mudança de política. Ao comparar a Califórnia com sua contrafactual (principalmente composto por Florida, Illinois e Texas), mostramos que, no ano de 2006, a taxa de crimes violentos da Califórnia foi 13 por cento menor do que o que teria sido na ausência da legalização da maconha medicinal.<br>There is a large debate among both scholars and policy makers about the potential effects of drug legalization on crime. On the one hand, proponents of drug criminalization claim that legalization would lead to greater consumption and crime. On the other hand, advocates of drug legalization (e.g. Friedman, 1991) argue that prohibition itself can cause more crime by diverting police resources away from deterring non-drug crimes and incentivizing market participants to resort in violence to dispute market share and enforce agreements. In this paper, we examine one specific drug that corresponds to a large share of the drug market: marijuana. For that, we analyze California s pioneer experience with medical marijuana legalization, which started in 1996. California s experience is particularly interesting because it was close to a de facto total legalization of the drug, even for recreational purposes. We use a synthetic control approach to estimate a counterfactual of what would have been the violent crime rate in California in the absence of medical marijuana legalization. This counterfactual is a weighted average of other American states whose weights are optimally chosen to best resemble California before this policy change. By comparing California with its counterfactual (mostly composed by Florida, Illinois and Texas), we show that, by the year 2006, California s violent crime rate was 13 per cent lower than what it would have been in the absence of medical marijuana legalization.

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Efthymiadou, Panagiota, and Panagiota Koukouvinou. "The Joker Returns: A new perspective on the violent Clown Prince of Crime." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21160.

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The new “Joker” movie, directed by Todd Phillips, was released in 2019 and brought a range of fervent and controversial discussion both in critics and audiences. Nevertheless, the “Joker” persona is tightly associated with comics and the superhero movie genre, and usually depicted in a particular way. However, the new movie differs in vital points. This study aims to explore the differences that lie between the “Joker”, and his depiction in the superhero genre. In order to investigate this inquiry, we conducted an exploratory research, and used latent content analysis. From our results, we extrapolate that the new movie constructs a more humane and approachable image of the “Joker”, as opposed to the “nameless” and “cold-blooded” villain. Simultaneously, we concluded that the movie adopts a more realistic and less entertaining approach towards violence, a prominent characteristic in superhero movies

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Madrazo, Rojas Federico. "The effect of violent crime on FDI the case of Mexico 1998-2006 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/449688351/viewonline.

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Snowden, Suzanne. "Is “Sluta skjut” the silver bullet to reduce violent crime in Malmö? A constructivist grounded theory approach exploring public perception of crime and crime prevention programmes." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25523.

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Steele, Morgan. "Structural Characteristics and Homicide: Testing Previously Established Relationships in a Unique Setting." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin158400078461264.

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Hammer, Matthew G. "Place-Based Investigations of Violent Offender Territories (PIVOT): An Exploration and Evaluation of a Place Network Disruption Violence Reduction Strategy in Cincinnati, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999744424994.

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Rose, Suzanna Christina. "A randomised trial of a single early psychological intervention for victims of violent crime." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391362.

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