Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Views on communist propaganda”

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 277 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Have any of you visited another English speaking country, like the US? They speak English, but slightly differently from out here. For example, if you go to Maccas and ask for chips in the US, you’ll get potato chips, not the deep fried strips of potato you call chips. You have to ask for fries. And when you come back to Australia after a long trip there, you might accidently go to Macca’s and ask for fries. You’d laugh it off and correct yourself, no harm done, right? But imagine that people who heard your slip up did think it made you bad person. The coworker you came with is so shocked by your choice of words that they spread rumors about you at work. In fact, the only place you can find work any longer is that same Maccas.

Thesis (honors)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Under the direction of Mary Hocks. Electronic text ( 56 p. : ill. (some col.)). Description based on contents viewed May 11, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56).

This thesis will argue that from early in the Cold War Britain developed a propaganda apparatus designed to fight the Cold War on an ideological front, and that in the period from 1945 to 1951 the role of propaganda grew from being an adjunct to foreign policy to become an integral part of British Cold War strategy. Britain was the first country to formulate a coordinated response to communist propaganda. In January 1948, the Government launched a new propaganda policy designed to 'oppose the inroads of Communism, by taking the offensive against it. ' The development of this anti-communist propaganda policy will be the main focus of this thesis. It will also be shown that from the earliest stages in the development of Britain's response to communist propaganda, the degree to which such activities could be coordinated with United States Government was a primary consideration. It will be shown that cooperation and eventually coordination of propaganda activities with the United States Government became a defining feature of Britain's anticommunist propaganda policy. This was particularly the case following the launch of the American 'Campaign of Truth' in 1950. Faced with a formidable and highly organised communist propaganda machine officials in both Britain and America came to realise the value of a unified response. As both nations developed their own policies for offensive anti-communist propaganda, cooperation became an increasingly important element, as Britain and America sought to 'shoot at the same target from different angles. ' The thesis is comprised of an introduction and conclusion and four chapters covering: the origins of British and American anticommunist propaganda policies, 1945-1947; launching Britain's new propaganda policy, 1948; building a concerted counter-offensive, cooperation with other powers, 1948-1950; 'Close and continuous liaison. ' British and American cooperation, 1950-1951.

In 1990, the Institute for Historical and Socio-Political Studies of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party was closed, since the Party was dissolved by the Romanian Revolution. Similar institutions had existed in all countries belonging to the Soviet bloc. This Institute was founded in 1951 under the name of the Party History Institute, and modelled on the Marx-Lenin-Engels Institute in Moscow. Since then, it served the Communist Party in producing thousands of books and journals on the history of the Party and of Romania, following Party orders. Previous research has portrayed the Institute as a loyal executioner of the Party’s will, negating the agency of its history-writers in influencing the duties of the Institute. However, the recent opening of the Institute’s archive has shown that a number of internal and previously obscured dynamics impacted on its activities. This book is dedicated to the study of the Party History Institute, of the history-writers employed there, and of the narratives they produced. By studying the history-writers and their host institution, this study re-contextualizes the historiography produced under Communist rule by analysing the actual conditions under which it was written: the interrelation between dynamics of control and the struggle for resources, power and positions play a fundamental role in this history. This is the first scholarly inquiry about a highly controversial institute that struggled in order to follow the constantly shifting Party narrative canon, while competing formaterial resources with rival Party and academic institutions. The main actors in this study are the history-writers: Party veterans, young propagandists and educated historians, in conflicting networks and groups, struggled in order to gain access to the limited resources and positions provided by the Party, and in order to survive the political changes imposed by the leadership. By doing so they succeed, on many occasions, to influence the activities of the Institute.

This thesis argues that Noam Chomsky’s theory of propaganda is a useful way to understand class domination. The strengths and weaknesses of Chomsky’s theory are examined by means of a comparison with Antonio Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Since work that discusses and analyses Chomsky’s theory is sparse, this piece first gives a detailed explanation of his theory. This requires a short clarification of Chomsky’s terminology, focusing on his definitions of indoctrination and class. Thereafter a thorough account of Chomsky’s ideas regarding class structure, the indoctrinating functions of educational and media institutions and the difference between upper and lower class propaganda are discussed. A common criticism of Chomsky’s arguments is that they are conspiratorial. Thus, following the discussion of Chomsky’s theory I present an argument that Chomsky uses an institutional analysis as opposed to conspiracy theory to reach his conclusions. After arguing that Chomsky has a coherent, logical theory of propaganda that is not conspiratorial, this thesis shifts to a comparison of Chomsky and Gramsci’s theory. The elements of Gramsci’s theory that are relevant to Chomsky are discussed, focusing on their overall similarities, in particular, the question of consent. The final chapter consists of a comparison of the two theories, examining each theorist’s ideas on the nature of education, language, consent and the possible ways in which the lower classes can oppose their own oppression.

The focus of this dissertation falls on the transformation of the fifth news filter of the propaganda model identified by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky in their Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. This transformation entails a shift from an anti-communist orientation, to an anti-Islamic orientation, and while this shift has been alluded to by several theorists, in what follows it will be dealt with more systematically. In this regard, it will be traced from its roots, in the tension between modernisation theory – as espoused by figures such as Daniel Lerner – and the anti-modernisation theory of Iranian scholars such as Ahmad Fardid, Jalal al-e Ahmad and Ali Shari’ati. Following this, the development of the anti-Islamic orientation of the fifth news filter, in the wake of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, and the ensuing Iranian hostage crisis, will be explored. This will be done as a precursor to examining the continued reflection of the related tropes and stereotypes in US mainstream film, with particular focus falling on Ben Affleck’s Argo (2012). Finally, this dissertation will conclude with a consideration of the possible effects of such representations on the tensions between the US and Iran over the latter’s nuclear ambitions.

This thesis considers the role of the Information Research Department (IRD) in countering Arab nationalist and Communist propaganda directed at British interests in the Middle East and Africa between 1954 and 1963. It argues that the 1956 Suez Crisis and its fallout was the catalyst that drove a significant expansion of IRD's remit and responsibility. From 1956 the department – which up to this point had had a purely anti-Communist function – was given the responsibility of countering the increasing flow of Arab nationalist propaganda emerging from Egypt. The same year, the Communist powers mounted a renewed and concerted effort to culturally and ideologically penetrate Africa. IRD, who to this point had been excluded from directly operating in Africa, began counter-Communist work in the face of stiff Colonial Office resistance. Analysis of IRD in the Middle East has rarely considered events beyond the immediate aftermath of Suez. IRD's work in Africa is almost wholly unexplored. It is a central contention of this thesis that the two regions cannot be viewed in isolation post-Suez. Egypt's standing was buoyed by the propaganda capital of victory over Suez, and Nasser's position as the figurehead of Arab nationalism was assured. In seeking the removal of colonial influence from the Middle East and Africa, Arab propaganda – particularly the Voice of the Arabs programme of Cairo Radio – ties the regions together. Communist and African nationalist propagandists were drawn to Cairo in the wake of the Suez Crisis. The former, building relationships through aid, sought to leverage Cairo's expanding influence to their own advantage. The latter sought facilities and support for their own propaganda efforts. After Suez, IRD sought to manage Egyptian propaganda whilst avoiding direct confrontation, seeking to normalise relations. In Africa, the department sought to build an infrastructure for information work aimed at influencing future leaders, their efforts constrained by the timetable of British decolonisation. In both regions, through developing relationships with local agencies and the BBC, and from initiatives such as the Transmission 'X' news commentary service, IRD continued to address Arab nationalist and Communist propaganda with a flexibility and responsiveness not recognised in the current literature on IRD.

History
M.A.
This paper examines Free World articles covering anticommunism, modernization, decolonization, intra-regionalism, US foreign affairs, US foreign aid, and neocolonialism because the task of popularizing specific iterations of these ideas illustrated the implementation of the ideas formulated in NSC 48/5. Moreover, NSC 48/5 called non-communist Asia the location of “the most immediate threats to American National Security.” My paper seeks to answer the question of how American propaganda in Asia, seen through a case study of Free World, tried to accomplish this popularization objective. I argue that the United States Information Agency (USIA) masked America’s neocolonialist intentions and activities in East and Southeast Asia through a rhetoric of anticommunism, intra-regionalism, and modernization.
Temple University--Theses

The Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China in 1949 with the intention of creating a social utopia with equality between the sexes and China’s diverse ethnic groups. However, by portraying gender, ethnicity, and politics in propaganda along the lines of yin and yang, the Party perpetuated a situation of oppression for women and minorities.

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:14:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_RaquelMundim_M.pdf: 5070635 bytes, checksum: 952e0d1e3497803ff6d8a878deba3c1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Esse trabalho analisa os primeiros relatos de viagem de brasileiros à União Soviética, publicados entre 1928 e 1933. Busca historicizá-los, salientando não só as ideologias de seus autores, como também o contexto anticomunista imposto pelas autoridades brasileiras, em especial, pelo Itamaraty. A pesquisa aborda ainda a maneira como as viagens ocorriam e a forma como os viajantes eram recepcionados e manejados por algumas cidades da URSS. Para tal, analisa como agências soviéticas atuavam na hospitalidade dos viajantes, a fim de controlarem e persuadirem suas percepções. Por fim, é feito uma análise da imagem que os viajantes brasileiros formaram do cotidiano soviético no período em que viajaram correspondente ao período do Primeiro Plano Quinquenal. O intuito principal da pesquisa foi trabalhar com os relatos de viagem nas suas mais diversas possibilidades, a fim de contribuir para a inserção destas narrativas como fontes documentais na historiografia social
Abstract: This research analyzes travel accounts from the first Brazilians who went to the Soviet Union, published between 1928 and 1933. It aims to historicize them, stressing not only the ideologies of their authors, but also the Brazilian anticommunist context imposed by authorities, in particular by the Foreign Ministry, Itamaraty. The research also investigates how the trips occurred and how the travelers were received and treated in some cities of the USSR. For that, it analyzes how some Soviet agencies behaved in hospitality, in order to control and persuade their perceptions. Finally, an analysis is made of the image that Brazilian travelers formed from Soviet everyday life on the period of the First Five-Year Plan. The main purpose of this study was to work with travel accounts considering its various possibilities, in order to contribute to the inclusion of these narratives as documentary sources in social historiography
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestra em História

This thesis examines propaganda and educational campaigns in the Brezhnev-era USSR, where the Party-state continued the longstanding Soviet attempt to form the country's youth into conscientious builders and defenders of communism. Focusing on the military, military-historical and physical-cultural activity that the state identified as areas of strategic importance in a period of intensifying competition with the capitalist world, the thesis analyses the interactions between propaganda and its producers, and the ordinary and extraordinary young people at whom it was aimed. It finds that state agencies and organisations of the Brezhnev era followed tradition in employing heroic motifs and discourses to elicit heroic behaviour amongst the population, often seeking to apply themes and material from earlier periods directly to the situation of late-1960s and 1970s youth. In particular, propaganda emphasised the importance of both models of wartime heroism, and the characteristics articulated in the 1961 Moral Code of the Builder of Communism - but in a political and social environment now much changed from those in which they had originally emerged. The thesis begins with a study of material surrounding the reinstatement of universal conscription after Khrushchev's army reforms, before examining youth involvement in one of the flagship military-patriotic education campaigns of the period. The second part of the thesis then shifts the focus to a more symbolic, yet no less significant site of the 'defence of the honour of the Motherland': the international sporting arena, particularly during the 1972 Olympiads in 'hostile' West Germany and Japan. Through a case study of coverage of the gymnast Olga Korbut, the thesis argues that, while propaganda-makers still sought to control the Soviet definition of 'heroism', conditions increasingly allowed for the emergence of celebrity and a popular heroism based more on self-advancement and public acclaim than on established Soviet ethical models.

This dissertation is a quantitative study with elements of qualitative analysis. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate WHAT was written about Ukraine's independence 1917 in Swedish press 1917–1918. The qualitative part of the survey was intended to answer the question if the newspaper's political attitude influenced the news reports during the chosen period. The exact periodization was determined to be between March 1, 1917 and June 30, 1918. This periodization was chosen because of the March Revolution in 1917, which triggered independence declarations in a number of countries oppressed by Moscow, who now saw their chance of freedom. June 1918 became the end of the investigation because it was just when the peace agreement between Ukraine and the Soviet Union was signed. The source material has been chosen to represent a multitude of ideological orientations. It was liberal, moderate, conservative, liberal and left-wing orientations. The source material consisted of newspaper articles from the following newspapers: Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Göteborgs Aftonblad, Svenska Dagbladet, Dalpilen, Kalmar Tidning and Norrskensflamman. Quantitative methodology was used on the source material. This method consisted of a reviewing of newspaper articles in searching of news reports from Ukraine or articles which had something to do with the events in Ukraine. Every newspaper was searched day after day. The crawled material was presented in two chapters representing different periods. The first chapter of the results presented the results from 1917, and more precisely from March to December 1917. The second chapter presented the results from 1918, but also from December 1917, that is, the result from December 1917 through June 1918. The whole result was then discussed in a separate chapter where the qualitative analysis was also discussed. The result of the quantitative analysis showed that it has been written relatively sparcely about Ukraine's independence although the volume of articles increased from December 1917 and even more in 1918. Sometimes there were articles on the first page. But for the most part, the articles with Ukraine issues were placed among other foreign articles. It was also found in the survey that it was the first World War that drew attention to the newspapers, even though the events in Petrograd and then in Ukraine took more space. This survey also showed that what was written about Ukraine's independence was also what appears in the reference literature. The news reports reported how Ukraine proclaimed independence in March 1917 and later on proclaimed an independent republic in November 1917 when the Bolsheviks conducted their coup d'état in Petrograd. The newspapers also wrote how the Russian Communists sent a declaration of war to Ukraine in December 1917 and about the war that followed. The articles also tell us how negotiations on Ukraine Peace went on in Brest-Litovsk, and how they ended up with alliance between Germany and Ukraine with the campaign against the communists. It was told how the German army marched into Ukraine to free it from the bolsheviks. Until May 1918 there were battles between the German-Ukrainian Army and the Communists. In June 1918 the peace agreement was signed and this survey’s investigation ended. The survey showed that it was written about Ukraine's independence in all newspapers. Dagens Nyheter had the most news articles linked to the survey. Although the number of articles was not subject for analysis in this survey. The qualitative analysis was based on using Höjelid's theoretical concepts "positive sound" and "negative sound" on the quantitative analysis material. The qualitative analysis’ result showed that it was almost impossible to see the differences between the newspapers because the articles were traded between the newspapers, i.e. the content was copied straight away. It should be noted that not all content was the subject of copying between the newspapers. Copying occurred to a greater extent, but there were still original articles derived from the respective newspaper. Most of the articles were also direct telegrams that were communicated abroad to the newspaper's editors. A lot of these telegrammic articles were sent with a purpose to mislead society. These angled articles were published without further examination in Swedish press. There were articles from, for example, Dagens Nyheter whose editors noted the "strange Petrograd reports" and informed about it for the purpose of enlightening the public. However, as most newspapers were occupied with World War I, as was shown in the source material, the newspaper editorial office was less interested in other foreign events. Therefore, such angled articles could be found in Swedish press on a larger scale.
Denna avhandling är en kvantitativ studie med inslag av kvalitativ analys. Syftet med denna kvantitativa studien var att undersöka VAD som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet 1917 i svensk press 1917–1918. Den kvalitativa delen av undersökningen ämnade att besvara frågan om tidningens politiska hållningen påverkade nyhetsrapporteringen under den valda perioden. Den exakta periodiseringen fastställdes att vara mellan den 1 mars 1917 och den 30 juni 1918. Denna periodisering valdes på grund av marsrevolutionen 1917 som utlöste självständighets-förklaringar i en rad länder som var förtryckta av Moskovitien och som nu såg sin chans till frihet. Juni 1918 blev slutpunkten i undersökningen därför att det var just då som fredsavtalet mellan Ukrajina och Sovjet undertecknades. Källmaterialet har valts att representera en mångfald ideologiska inriktningar. Det var liberal, moderat, konservativ, frisinnad samt vänstersocial inriktningar. Källmaterialet bestod av tidningsartiklar från följande tidningar: Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Göteborgs Aftonblad, Svenska Dagbladet, Dalpilen, Kalmar tidning och Norrskensflamman. Det användes kvantitativ metod på källmaterialet som bestod i en genomsökning av tidningsartiklarna efter nyhetsrapporter från Ukrajina eller som hade något med händelserna i Ukrajina att göra. Varje tidning genomsöktes dag för dag. Det genomsökta materialet presenterades i två kapitel som representerade olika perioder. Det första resultatkapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1917, och mer exakt från mars till december 1917. Det andra kapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1918, men även från december 1917, det vill säga resultatet från och med december 1917 till och med juni 1918. Det hela resultatet diskuterades sedan i ett eget kapitel där även den kvalitativa analysen diskuterades. Resultatet från den kvantitativa analysen visade att det har skrivits relativt sparsmakat om Ukrajinas självständighet även om artikelmängden ökade från december 1917 och ännu mer under 1918. Ibland förekom det artiklar på första sidan. Men för det mesta placerades artiklarna med Ukrajina-frågor bland andra utlandsartiklar. Det framgick också i undersökningen att det var mest första världskriget som upptog tidningarnas uppmärksamhet, även om händelserna i Petrograd och sedan i Ukrajina tog allt mer plats allt eftersom. Denna undersökning visade också att det som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet var också det som förekommer i referenslitteraturen. Nyhetsrapporterna berättade hur Ukrajina utropat sin självständighet i mars 1917 tills landet proklamerat en oberoende republik i november 1917 när bolsjevikerna genomförde sin statskupp i Petrograd. Tidningarna skrev också hur de ryska kommunisterna skickade krigsförklaring till Ukrajina i december 1917 och om det kriget som följde efter det. Artiklarna berättar även om hur förhandlingarna för Ukrajinafreden gick till i Brest-Litovsk samt hur dessa avslutades med att Tyskland allierade sig med Ukrajina i kampen mot kommunisterna. Det berättades hur den tyska armén marscherade in i Ukrajina för att befria det från bolsjevikerna. Fram till maj 1918 pågick det strider mellan tysk-ukrajinska armén och kommunisterna. I juni 1918 undertecknades fredsavtalet och där slutade undersökningen.  Undersökningen visade att det skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet i samtliga tidningar. Dagens Nyheter hade flest nyhetsartiklar kopplade till undersökningen. Även om antalet artiklar ej var i syfte att analysera i denna undersökning. Den kvalitativa analysen gick ut på att använda Höjelids teoretiska begrepp ”positiv klang” och ”negativ klang” på den kvantitativa analysens resultatmaterial. Det kvalitativa resultatet visade att det var nästintill omöjligt att se skillnad mellan de olika tidningarna eftersom artiklarna traderades mellan tidningarna, det vill säga innehållet kopierades rakt av. Det bör påpekas att inte allt innehåll var ämne för kopiering mellan tidningarna. Kopieringen förekom i större utsträckning men det fanns ändå originella artiklar som härstammade från respektive tidning. De flesta av artiklarna var dessutom direkta telegram som kommunicerades i utlandet till tidningens redaktioner. En hel del av dessa telegraferade artiklar skickades med ett givet syfte att vilseleda samhällsopinionen. Dessa vinklade artiklar publicerades utan vidare granskning i svensk press. Det förekom artiklar från exempelvis Dagens Nyheter vars redaktion uppmärksammat de ”märkliga Petrogradrapporter” och informerat om det i möjligt syfte att upplysa allmänheten. Men eftersom de flesta tidningarna var upptagna med första världskriget, som det visades i källmaterialet, var tidningsredaktionerna mindre intresserade av andra utländska händelser. Därför kunde sådana vinklade artiklar förekomma i svensk press i en större omfattning.

D.Litt. et Phil.
The Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) was founded in 1921 and dissolved in 1950. From the outset the party produced printed propaganda, including an official newspaper, pamphlets and leaflets, and a sizeable volume of this printed material survives. This study provides an account of the printed graphic propaganda produced by the CPSA by firstly describing the production, distribution, consumption and regulation thereof and secondly, by offering a focused examination of the representation and construction of identities in the images contained in the propaganda. The approach taken in the study is informed by the view that meaning is constructed through the use of representational systems which can be analysed with the help of semiotics, iconography and archetypes. A framework for the study is developed by drawing on the work of a number of theorists, primarily from the field of cultural studies. The framework is then applied to the propaganda from each decade of the party’s existence, namely 1921 to 1929, 1930 to 1938 and 1939 to 1950. These time divisions are informed by the name changes of the party paper, which coincided with important changes in CPSA policy. The description of the production, distribution, consumption and regulation of the printed propaganda during each time period is followed by an examination of the representation and construction of identities in the images which appear in the printed material. The images are examined according to their representational meaning, iconographical symbolism and iconological symbolism. This examination results firstly in the description of a number of figurative and abstract symbols, and secondly in the identification of various types of identities constructed in the imag-es, such as the image of the worker, comrade gentleman, the capitalist and the warrior. Some identities, for example the worker, recur in all three decades, whereas other identities appear during one decade, only to disappear during the next. Finally, the iconological symbolism of the images are analysed by drawing on Jung’s theory of archetypes of the collective unconscious, thereby offering a deeper and more speculative interpretation of the meaning of the images.

The preliminary part of the work Image of the Šumava in feature film deals with the Šumava area, its origin, area, climate, waters, natural disasters, agriculture, industry, crafts and everyday life in Šumava. The aim of the work is to occupy with films which were filmed in Šumava. In this films Šumava plays either the main part, where the directors set the plot of the film in the area of Šumava intentionally or it is just backround to the main plot of the film. There are also some pictures or posters of the films and some cuttings from periodicals in this work. The work is based on contemporary and secondary Czech and foreign literature, Czech and foreign periodicals, internet sources or professional and personal analysis of the films themselves. KEYWORDS Šumava and cinematography, Nazi propaganda, communist propaganda

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Max Paul Friedman, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of International Affairs. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 9, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 102 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The paper describes the development of the content of Mateřídouška magazine in 1945 - 1955 against the backdrop of political and social developments in post-World War 2 Czechoslovakia. These trends included robust centralization of media and their subordination to the Communist regime. The paper examines the characteristics of propaganda and its role in media as one of the key instruments of totalitarianism. It explores the use of Communist propaganda in Czechoslovak juvenile literature. The second part of the paper describes the founding of Mateřídouška and its position among contemporary newspapers and children literature. It examines the influence of the editors-in-chief, namely that of František Hrubín and Jiří V. Svoboda, on the contents of the magazine. The third part describes the application of propaganda on the youngest readers during the first years since the inception of the magazine. The hermeneutic analysis covers various aspects of propaganda, including the cult of personality, celebration of labour, the role of armed forces and other phenomena of the early Communist period in Czechoslovakia.

The thesis about The Portrayal of Women in Czech Film in Times of Dictatorship is examining the female characters in the movies influenced by nazi and communist propaganda. The main objective is to find out the similarities and differences that are typical for the Czech movies of those times. In the case of the movies influenced by communist propaganda and ideology, this thesis is examining those made in the period between 1948-1956. In order to analyse female characters, 15 movies were chosen for this task after making sure they fulfill the condition of woman playing the main of one of the main roles. The theoretical part of this work is dedicated to the anchoring of the topic, therefore there are sections about propaganda, nazi and communist propaganda, development of Czech cinematography and the role of women in nazi and communist ideology. For the purposes of analyses in practical part of the thesis, I use Jens' Eder model - The Clock of Character.

碩士
國防大學
中共軍事事務研究所
105
After Xi Jinping, President the People’s Republic of China, assumed power, he took unprecedented action by elevating the status of the united front work conference. Instead of holding a National United Front Work Conference like the Communist Party of China (CPC) had done 20 times since 1949, the CPC first held a Central United Work Conference in 2015 and then published the regulation on the united front work. By rising the conference level and improving legal status, the united front strategies are different from the old ones. Currently, regarding the propaganda work against Taiwan, the main task of the PRC’s united front work is to preach the principals “one country, two systems” and “peaceful re-unification. Via party management system, political management, political groups, and other peripheral networks, the united front’s core media organizations employ direct, indirect, face-to-face, or on-line measures as the primary ways to transmit propaganda messages. Among various media related organizations, the Publicity Department of the CPC (PDCPC) is in charge of the development of publishing policies and propaganda instructions. In addition, the general office of the PDCPC and the general office of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, and Film share the same staff workers, which means that the PDCPC not only sets the tone of propaganda but also holds the power to control media outlets. Thus, the PDCPC plays a critical role in the united front’s propaganda system. According to the surveys in 2015 and 2017 conducted by the Mainland Affairs Council of Taiwan (Taiwan Presidential election led to power transfer in 2016), the number of people who favor “maintain the status quo” is far more than who favor “quick re-unification.” The surveys indicate that the PDCPC has failed to influence the people on the Island. Nevertheless, it's important to note that there might be some changes of the united front work against Taiwan in the future after the 19th National Congress of the CPC. Based on the theory of “Political communication theory” and through the focus of the united front strategies and applications of CPC’s party management system, the writer tries to observe CPC’s publicity work, to investigate their united front organizations and strategies against Taiwan as well as to analyze how the CPC utilizes united front’s core media organizations and how these influence Taiwan.

The author deals with some specific problems of the post-war development of Lidice between 1945 and 1989. The diplomante ponders upon the questions of memory on Lidice, Lidice memory and Lidice as a place of memoir. In her introduction, based on numerous talks with the Lidice narrators, the author tries to find out what kind of memory place Lidice is and who it may concern. The follow-up chapters reflect the worldwide reception of Lidice tragedy; moreover, they feature some talks with the women named Lidice after the village. Next thematic part is focused on the actual construction of the village as well as on two organizations that were in charge of the whole building process: Society for Lidice Reconstruction on one hand and British movement "Lidice Shall Live" on the other hand. Author also introduces the movement founder Barnett Stross. Further chapters describe a typical course of that time reverent memories in Lidice using some articles from Rude Pravo and showing the way how Lidice was misused by the communist regime to serve as a propaganda of socialism. The memories of the narrators, acquired and processed through an oral history method, the archive sources of both the State District Archive in Kladno and the National Archive in London in particular, became a source base of the author. Key...

Defence date: 14 June 2016
Examining Board: Professor Pavel Kolár (EUI) - Supervisor; Professor Alexander Etkind (EUI); Professor Anita Prazmowska (London School Of Economics); Professor Dariusz Stola (University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Science).
The idea of this dissertation ascends from the scholarly interest in developing the issue of the history of emotions. Among four basic emotions, this thesis explores the vital historical and social aspects of the emotion of fear. In particular, this thesis offers a complex introduction to the general problem of propaganda fear management in communist Poland. The concept of fear management is examined as a manipulation of the propaganda information, referring to both the real and artificially stimulated fears with a special focus on external dreads. The entire set of figures of foreign threats are investigated as rhetorical tropes of the 'external enemies of Poland', exploited by communist propaganda with the intention of legitimising the power of the postwar authorities and to delegitimise the alliance with the USA and its Western partners. In this thesis, the foreign threats are represented mainly by the 'German threat', 'American dread' and the 'danger provoked by Western spies'. Along with the examination of the various ways and circumstances in which the above propaganda strategy was applied, this dissertation addresses the crucial problem of the social attitude towards communist media efforts dedicated to manipulation with fear. All six chapters of this thesis offer conclusions dedicated to popular reception of particular propaganda campaigns exploiting a given threat. Analysis of these conclusions allows tracing the dynamic of social moods in relation both to propaganda activity and socio-political circumstances shaping the atmosphere within Polish postwar society. The parallel discussion of the implementation of, and social reaction towards, the propaganda fear management strategy allows general conclusions to be drawn concerning the effectiveness of communication between the communist authorities and society in the Socialist Bloc. Based on archival research, this thesis shows and interprets the efficiency of communist media attempts to manage the emotion of fear.

碩士
輔仁大學
歷史研究所
96
On January 11th of 1938, Sin Xua Rhbao was published in Wuhan and moved to Chongqing in October. Sin Xua Rhbao was the first newspaper published to the public by Communist Party of China. Communist Party of China used Sin Xua Rhbao to publish its political activities, ideal of culture and cultural activities because Wuhan and Chongqing had become Kuomintang region’s center of politic, economic and culture. From 1938 to 1942, the literature propaganda of Communist Party of China, such as images, education, masses movement and anti fascists’ activities was learned from Soviet Union. After the outbreak of Great Patriotic War, articles about Soviet Union in Sin Xua Rhbao’s were mainly military issues. On the Contrary, articles related to Sino-Soviet Union cultural activities had decreased. After 1942, with the progression of Yan’an Rectification Movement and the dismissal of Communist International, Communist Party of China gradually developed its “the literature is at the service of politic” policy. This fact can be clearly seen from the change of contents of Sin Xua Rhbao, which is replaced by Communist Party of China’s cultural activities and literature propaganda. In this thesis, I have made an effort using Sin Xua Rhbao as the main resources to understand the new perspective of Sino-Soviet Union during the Sino-Japanese war. Moreover, I observed and analyzed how Communist Party of China learned and used the Soviet Union propaganda to establish its cultural system.

This Master thesis contributes to the history of science in the period of the Czechoslovak communist regime. The thesis deals with the attempts to create a scientific theory of propaganda as an independent branch of science. The main goal of this thesis is to present what led to the formation of the Marxist theory of propaganda, describe its development and potential changes in the approach to propaganda during the reference period. Further goals are to describe the sources of the theory of propaganda, the concern of the official institutions and the people who dealt with propaganda. The research is based on the archive materials from the National Archives of the Czech republic and the Slovak National Archives, and on the works about the theory of propaganda. The central figure of this thesis is Miloslav Chlupáč, who dealt with the theory of propaganda in the whole reference period and who was influential to the most phases of the development of the theory of propaganda. The reference period begins with the changes in the society after the year of 1948, with the main concern being science, education and propaganda; and first contributions to the theory of propaganda, which were based on the socio-political situation in the 1950s. Following important phase in the development of the theory of propaganda were...

This thesis focuses on the collectivization of Czechoslovakian countryside from 1949-1960. The current knowledge of agricultural policy of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia has been extended with the findings from a former Prague Region, present-day Central-bohemian Region. The first part consists of the analysis of the term collectivization in the international context, where a particular attention is paid to the process of collectivization in the Soviet Union. The author follows two main lines of the collectivization in the Czech environment. The former is the establishment of collective farms which formed the main pillar of the countryside socialization, the latter concentrates on the persecution of those who resisted the socialization, i.e. private landowners, known as kulaks. Part of the thesis deals with the agitation which accompanied the creation and running of the collective farms. Last but not least, the thesis includes the reflection of the fight against the kulaks on the pages of the then agricultural press - regional as well as nationwide.

The thesis deals with propaganda poster as a specific medium of communist propaganda between 1948 - 1956. The first part describes a historical context regarding the social, political and economical reconstruction. The thesis is focusing on poster as a specific tool of propaganda concerning a connection to Soviet Union and a socialist realism as an official art style. At the same time the thesis is describing the communist propaganda and its characteristic elements with the connection to a new media control and censorship. The propaganda poster is viewed as a distinctive medium used by communist propaganda for a persuasion and ideological influence to society. The thesis is focusing on posters oriented on building a new attitudes to work and work process as a typical part of first years of communist regime in the time of building of a socialism in Czechoslovakia. Based on archive files the work is describing how and in which institutions were the posters controled and created. The last part is trying to bring an analysis of specificgroups of posters from the representation, stereotypes, input contect, typical rhetoric and symbols point of view.

In my diploma thesis I came to the conclusion that the frequency of mentions about Edvard Beneš fluctuated in the monitored media. From the examined periods, Rudé právo, Lidová demokracie and Svobodné slovo most often wrote about him in 1968 (a total of 37 mentions), in 1958 there were 32 mentions and in 1978 and 1988 there were 25 mentions. On the contrary, in sum of all the examined periods, there were only a few mentions in some years - for example, in 1983 there were 4 mentions, in 1948 there were 8 mentions and in 1973 there were 10 mentions. Rudé právo most often wrote about Edvard Beneš (96 references in all), in Svobodné slovo 47 and in Lidová demokracie 37. This can be explained by the fact that during the Communist regime Rudé právo had more pages than the other two newspapers and it also paid more attention to politics. In the researched media, Edvard Beneš was most often mentioned in connection with the February coup d'état anniversaries. In the qualitative analysis, I came to the conclusion that the studied newspapers mostly wrote about Edvard Beneš neutrally (57 percent of all mentions), negative references were 35 percent, and 8 percent were positive. During the 1950s, the analysed media was mostly critical to Edvard Beneš. However, in 1963 I noticed 50 percent of neutral references....

碩士
國立中央大學
歷史研究所碩士在職專班
99
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the KMT and the CCP started their cooperation for the second times, which contributed to the birth of the party organ, Xinhua Ribao, of the CCP in the KMT-governed area. In the meantime, the third party, which tried to find the third way beside the KMT and the CCP, had also shown up. Therefore the CCP took this gold enopportunity to use its party paper to propagate its ideals and to strive for the friendship and cooperation of the third party at the stage of Georg C. Marshall’s mediation of civil war in China. When Marshall arrived in China, Xinhua Ribao largely reported the news and the declaration toward China by President Truman with a positive attitude. Meanwhile, they also reported the opinions from the third party. Marshall ceased the Chinese Civil War in months after he came to China. After the order to cease-fire, on the same day, they also called the political consultative conference. Such things gained the appraisal from Xinhua Ribao with people from the third party. However, after the end of the political consultative conference and Marshall’s leaving. With the severe war in Northeast in China and the incomplete working of the conclusion of the political consultative conference, Xinhua Ribao started its unfriendly critics to the USA. It also reported the informal and even formal statements from the third party to attack Marshall’s visit. From August, Xinhua Ribao expanded the public voice to critic Marshall’s conciliation, and this made the conciliation more difficult. Before Constitution construction national assembly, Marshall positively brought the third party into the military and policy conciliation, but after the assembly, it also led to the break of the third party. In this event, Xinhua Ribao took this as a criterion to distinguish their supporters, and reinforce the relationship between itself and the parties which were absence in Constitution construction national assembly.

This diploma thesis strives to find an answer to the question of how the regional daily paper Pravda published by the West-Bohemian Regional Committee of KSČ in Pilsen informed about the principal events of the year 1989, namely the series of January demonstrations in the centre of Prague later called "Palach Week", about the Several Sentences Petition published in the midyear by Charter 77, about the demonstrations organized on the occasions of the 21 August 1968 and 28 October 1918 anniversaries, and about the "Velvet Revolution" that put an end to the more than 40-year reign of the Communist Party (KSČ) in Czechoslovakia. The thesis also ascertains to what extent the information provided by Pravda was distorted by the regime propaganda, and compares the approach of this daily paper to informing about the principal 1989 events with that of the central KSČ daily Rudé právo. The diploma thesis also describes the way of how the West-Bohemian Regional Committee of KSČ in Pilsen assessed the development of the political situation in the country in the year 1989 and how it controlled the Pravda daily paper. The theoretical part of the thesis familiarizes with the political and economic situation in Czechoslovakia in the 1980s and describes the relevant milestones in 1989. The thesis core part is the...

v AJ The world exhibition in Brussels in 1958 marked an important event in the history of the Czechoslovakian totalitarian art history. Until today it is still a reminder of the high quality art handicraft, design and multimedia formation. In the atmosphere of the Cold war the EXPO 58 became a symbolical clash of the capitalist and socialist principles of government and a comparison of skills and abilities of their representatives (US and USSR). The attention of the visitors and the media surprisingly concentrated on the Czechoslovakian exposition, which apart from the traditional products presented also some new initiations in artistic and technological branches and contributed to the establishment of the so called Brussels life style. It was the Czechoslovakian success which helped the media to use the mechanisms of propaganda. Using three daily newspaper and two weekly magazines this work is trying to capture how was the Czechoslovakian participation showed to the public and what features of propaganda were used.

The present thesis is dedicated to the thematic agenda of the magazine "Svět Sovětů" ("The World of Soviets") during the pre-war period (1934 - 1938) and the post-war years (1945 - 1946) as well as the image of the Soviet women, that this magazine was forming. Fundamental intention of this research was to process complex set of topics of this magazine during mentioned time intervals, then capture differences (in case there were any) in the description during those periods and subsequently analyze the portion of articles that was dedicated to a Soviet woman, especially with regard to the following analysis of her image that was artificially constructed in the given magazine. The aim of this paper was to reconstruct the image of the "look" of the Soviet women and make comparison of its development during the period before World War II and subsequently after it was over. The assumption was that her portrayal depended on promotional and agitational politics of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union itself, and that this image was changing depending on the political objectives of the Communist Party and the Soviets, which varied in accordance with the historical events that were taking place. This thesis therefore presents image of Soviet women deliberately formed as means of...

The present thesis is dedicated to the thematic agenda of the magazine Svět sovětů (The World of Soviets) during the pre-war period (1934 - 1938) and the post-war years (1945 - 1946) as well as the image of the Soviet women that this magazine was forming. Fundamental intention of this research was to process complex set of topics of this magazine during mentioned time intervals, then capture differences (in case there were any) in the description during those periods and subsequently analyze the portion of articles that was dedicated to a Soviet woman, especially with regard to the following analysis of her image that was artificially constructed in the given magazine. The aim of this paper was to reconstruct the image of the "look" of the Soviet women and make comparison of its development during the period before World War II and subsequently after it was over. The assumption was that her portrayal depended on promotional and agitational politics of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union itself, and that this image was changing depending on the political objectives of the Communist Party and the Soviets, which varied in accordance with the historical events that were taking place. This thesis therefore presents image of Soviet women deliberately formed as means of agitation and...

The aim of this work is to describe how the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia influenced the personnel policy of the Czechoslovak Radio and thereby interfered into radio broadcasting in the years 1945 - 1948. In the introductory chapters thesis focuses on political and economic developments in Czechoslovakia after 1945, with a significant part describing the parliamentary elections in May, 1946. In the following chapters thesis describes the development of media, which had entirely a new socially responsible role. At the same time in the post-war Czechoslovakia there was a prevailing opinion that the media should not be a subject of uncontrolled business anymore, but rather should be under state control. The main part of the thesis describes the development of Radio. At that time the only mass medium also obtained a new role - in the past broadcasting had primarily a entertainment feature, during the Third Republic Radio became an imporant organizer of public life. Under the circumstances various groups had an interest to gain influence in Radio. Mostly communists were successful. It was easier, because they managed to occupy several crucial functions of the management of Radio. At the same time they interefered with a strong apparatus - from the Ministry of Information, through the Revolutionary...

The diploma thesis Sequel novel in the Czechoslovakian press from 1945 - 1948 deals with historical content analysis of three newspapers: Lidova demokracie, Svobodne slovo, Rude pravo and seven magazines: Kveten, Novy svet, Svet v obrazech, Rada zen, Kvety, Sobota and Vyvoj in the period of time 1. 1. 1945 - 31. 12. 1948. Theoretic part consists of historical context of fiction in newspapers as well as magazines and also explanation of situation in political and the media sphere, mostly in the press in above mentioned period. Ministry of information played a big part in a postwar press development and it had monopoly on entire paper used for making printed material and thanks to that fact they had newspapers and magazines publishers in a Czech territory under control. The practical, mainstay part of dissertation is focused in describing the issue of sequel novels by their detailed analysis in particular periodic, which has various specializations and represents different political part. Novels are thoroughly analyzed, it's story is described and the main topic of each series is defined. Emphasis are put on data, numbers of publication, number of novel's parts, novels authors, their nationality, political orientation and their literary style. At the end of each chapter the novels are put in order...

The thesis "The Novinář Publishing House Profile" deals with the establishment, structure and production of Novinář publishing house. The first part of the thesis describes the historical events and implications that preceded the creation of Novinář and that had an impact on its activity. A separate chapter refers to conditions and circumstances of publishing specialized books and periodicals for journalists, i. e. the legislature in force and authorities that made decisions regarding the establishment of publishing houses, the editorial work of organizations and the content of books and other publications. One part of the thesis deals also with the education of journalists (through courses, newly established university studies), enhancing their expertise and qualification and the quality of their work, as well as with the related need for specialized publications for journalists and other reasons that led to the creation of Novinář publishing house. The second part of the thesis describes the establishment and operation of Novinář publishing house, its organizational structure and editorial and publishing work (books, journals, other publications). The last chapter presents important people that were involved in creation and operation of the publishing house (the directors).

This diploma thesis focuses on the appropriate and effective use of film and serial adaptations of topics falling into the period of communist totalitarianism in Czechoslovakia (that is between 1948 and 1989, with emphasis on the period 1948-1969). The thesis is divided into four chapters, whereas the main part, which is didactic, is described in the third and fourth chapter. The first chapter describes the basic historical context of the communist government in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989. It also shows and explains the origin of the idea of communism, the further development of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia during the First Republic, and the postwar Third Republic. This chapter was put together using found edited sources and secondary literature. The second chapter deals with individual film and serial processing of topics related to the period. It presents specific films and series which were produced in the most recent years (or the post-revolutionary period), but also materials produced during the totalitarianism before 1989. In this chapter some works are discussed in greater detail, others are presented as selected alternative options for interaction for educational purposes. The third chapter summarizes the didactic and historical potential of the discussed topic, it also...