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Williams, Ryan M. "Vertical Firm Boundaries: Supplier-Customer Contracts and Vertical Integration." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/finance_diss/20.
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I empirically examine the choice of a firm’s vertical boundaries—specifically, the decision to use supplier-customer contracts instead of either using markets or vertical integration. I examine the determinants of supplier-customer contracts using data on a customer’s contractual purchase obligations with its suppliers. Contracting propensity is positively related to supplier relationship-specific investments (RSI), the supplier’s relative bargaining power, and vertical integration costs, and negatively related to contracting costs, alternative sources of information about the customer, and the percentage of a customer’s input traded on financial markets. I also find that customer firms which have product market contracts with their suppliers have better relative performance. These performance effects are enhanced by relationship-specific investments and are robust to corrections for endogeneity. Additionally, I examine the choice between vertical integration versus supplier-customer contracts and find that the choice is predicted by the type of RSI. Consistent with theory, RSI measured using tangible (intangible) assets are positively related to integration (contracts). Further, positive (negative) shocks to industry-level intangible investment are related to increases in a firm’s contracting activity and decreases (increases) in the level of vertical integration, while positive (negative) shocks to industry-level tangible investment are related to decreases in contracting activity and increases (decreases) in the level of vertical integration. My results suggest that market frictions play an important role in shaping supplier-customer contracting activity and firm boundaries.
2
Tassano, Fabian. "Upstream competition and vertical integration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267769.
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Dawson, Robert Donald. "Vertical Integration in Commercial Fisheries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28627.
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Vertical integration has received much attention in the last 25 years and there are well-known theories that explain this behavior. However, the one common thread that runs through virtually all of this research is the assumption of private property rights. Very little attention has been paid to how firms behave when the property rights structure under which they operate changes. The commercial fishing industry is a prime example of an industry where property rights have shifted. Due to problems of over-fishing and over-capitalization, economists have championed the conversion of fisheries from common property or open access resources, to private property through the use of quota programs.
Research shows that quota management is effective in reducing capitalization in fisheries, yet there are questions about other effects the programs might have. Among these is a concern over increased vertical integration. Some argue that this is leading to a loss of the independent fisherman that is a part of U.S. history, much like family farms. There is also concern that increased vertical integration is in turn leading to decreased competition in these markets; by owning the quota that is required to fish, processors are increasing their power over the market for unprocessed fish. In response to these and other concerns, the United States Congress imposed a moratorium on the implementation of individual transferable quota-style (ITQ) programs in 1996. Speculation aside, however, there is no empirical evidence to confirm or refute that the use of quota management actually leads to increased vertical coordination.
Three fisheries are used as case studies to analyze what affects the decision to vertically coordinate in commercial fisheries. The traditional reasons for vertical integration are to lower transaction costs or to foreclose a market. But now a new factor, shifting property rights, is also considered. Results indicate that the individual characteristics of the fishery are more important than the management or property rights regime itself. This gives some direction to designing management programs that meet our desire to reduce over-capitalization and over-fishing, yet avoid increasing vertical coordination, all the while minimizing the loss of resource rent in the fishery.<br>Ph. D.
4
Kwon, Myung-Joong. "Partial vertical integration and competition policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357525.
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Teixeria, Joao Carlos Aguiar. "Essays on outsourcing and vertical integration." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538614.
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Halonen, Maija-Liisa Kristiina. "On the theory of vertical integration." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1248/.
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This thesis explores vertical integration in both competitive and noncompetitive settings. Chapter 2 shows that allocation of ownership matters even in a repeated relationship. The optimal control structure of the static game restricts the gain from deviation to be the lowest but also the punishment will be minimal. The worst ownership structure of the one-shot game is good in the repeated setting because it provides the highest punishment but bad because the gain from deviation is also the highest. We show that two types of equilibria exist: one where partnership and a hostage type solution are optimal and second where the results of the one-shot game apply. Chapter 3 focuses on vertical oligopolies when both integrated and unintegrated firms coexist. We analyse the integrated firm's strategy in the input market. If the integrated firm is more efficient in transforming the input into final good, it will buy some input to drive up rival's marginal cost. Only if the integrated firm is less efficient will it sell input. If there is no competition in the final good market vertical supply arises because it has no harmful effects on the downstream unit's profits. If competition is very tough overbuying will emerge; by raising rival's costs the integrated firm can achieve a dominant position in a highly competitive market. Chapter 4 examines integration decisions of successive duopolists. We show that qualitatively the same pattern of integration emerges whether there is Cournot or Bertrand competition in the input market. We find that the degree of integration in the industry is increasing in the size of the downstream market. There is a tendency for partial integration when one upstream firm is relatively efficient compared to its rival. Chapter 5 takes into account both the firm's internal and external environment. Further, we explicitly model the effect of varying the degree of market competition. We observe a non-monotonic relationship between ownership allocation and competition. We also see greater upstream ownership of assets when the upstream worker is important.
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Kimmich, Stephen. "Vertical integration, firm boundaries, & business models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/vertical-integration-firm-boundaries--business-models(0435f63a-f472-4a61-8688-7828a88514be).html.
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The goal of this research project is to contribute to a better understanding of the theoretical frameworks that explain firm boundary choices. Although firm boundaries are a broad and heavily researched topic, there is no comprehensive understanding of why companies choose to conduct certain activities themselves while at the same time relying on external partners for other activities. Although some decisions can be understood through Transaction Cost Economics and others can be understood from the Resource-Based-View and other constructs, none of these existing frameworks are able to explain all decisions at all times. Even when combining the frameworks, gaps remain in which a specific choice of a firm cannot be fully understood. In addition to better understanding the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the various existing frameworks, this thesis will try to analyze the potential of the emerging business model framework in helping to supply a more complete explanation for the various paths firms take. By comparing four different direct competitors within the automotive safety industry, this research project tries to identify the background and motivations on the various vertical integration decisions made by each of the companies. When comparing the four firms, specific attention was given to identifying polar-type cases in which two firms either made opposite decisions, the same decisions at different points in time, or where a single firm chose to shift their boundaries. By identifying these polar cases and deeply analyzing the environment in which the decisions were made, a better understanding of the gaps and weaknesses in the existing frameworks could be exposed. Ultimately, the business model framework was introduced as offering a potential means of closing these gaps and offering a more holistic explanation of the firmsâ choices. By recognizing that the four firms pursued individual business model designs, the potential for using this new framework to better understand firm boundaries could be explored. Overall, an explanation based on the additional business model framework was successful in helping to better understand some of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing frameworks, and offers a significant opportunity for further research into firm boundaries.
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Chikhladze, George Mandy David. "Vertical integration and sabotage evidence and regulation /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6843.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. David Mandy. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Grove, Donald E. "The Vertical Integration of Mechatronics at Virginia Tech." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31554.
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The focus of this thesis is on the vertical integration of mechatronics in the mechanical
engineering curriculum at Virginia Tech. It reports the details of an experimental
strategy to integrate mechatronics at an early level in the education of engineers. A
proposal was submitted to and accepted by the NSF/SUCCEED coalition to fund this
experiment. Through this assistance, the experiment of vertically integrating
mechatronics was initiated. The methodology in which it was integrated is presented --
through optional participation in a sophomore design class and a required design project
in a junior system dynamics course. The material developed for the vertical integration
of mechatronics is in the appendices. This material is appropriate for other institutions to
use to vertically integrate mechatronics into their curriculums, which is part of the
NSF/SUCCEED coalitionâ s initiative.
For the sophomore class, ME 2024, Introduction to Engineering Design and Economics,
selected sections were exposed to the concepts of mechatronic design, along with the
normal course material. Students in the mechatronic sections were given an opportunity
to incorporate the use of a custom-built VT Project Box and the PIC Visual Development
(PVD) software, both of which were created specifically for the task of vertical
integration of mechatronics. Throughout the semester, the students were given several
demonstrations of mechatronic systems through the use of the project box and software.
Many students decided to implement mechatronic concepts in their final design projects.
A smaller number of students made a decision to use the project box and software to
develop a prototype of their final design project. Candid remarks about the students
experiences, obtained from a survey at the semesterâ s end, indicated that the vertical
integration of mechatronics was a motivational feature in the second-year curriculum.
For the junior class, ME 3514, System Dynamics, all sections were exposed to the
concepts of mechatronics, along with the normal course material. The students were
required to acquire steady-state velocity data from a DC motor and create an analytical
model of the motor to predict the steady-state velocity for a given duty cycle of a pulse-width
modulated controller. After the collection of the data and the creation of the
analytical model, the students compared the results of simulations to the actual data
collected, and report the comparison to the instructor in a memorandum. The collection
of the steady-state velocity data was accomplished using the PVD software and the VT
Project Box. The essentials of mechatronics was communicated to the students in two
lectures, and the students gained hands-on experience with mechatronics through the use
of the project box and the software. The lecture material covered the basics of mechatronics, the Mechatronics course at Virginia Tech, and detailed information about
the design project. The assessment of the vertical integration of mechatronics into this
junior course was accomplished by surveying all of the students in the course. The
results of the survey indicated that the inclusion of mechatronics material increased the
students understanding of the course material and also increased their interest in
mechatronics.<br>Master of Science
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Dheilly, Clément. "Patent licensing and vertical integration in complementary markets." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G008/document.
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Le secteur des TIC est caractérisé par des arrangements stratégiques de transferts de technologies tels que les licences et les regroupements de brevets. Par ailleurs, les produits et services ont souvent de fortes relations de complémentarité dans ce secteur. Afin de garantir un niveau satisfaisant d'interopérabilité aux utilisateurs, les producteurs de biens complémentaires doivent échanger des informations techniques. Cette thèse cherche à prendre en compte ces deux dimensions et à produire de nouveaux éclairages sur les cas de politique de concurrence impliquant des marchés complémentaires (e.g Intel/McAfee, Google/Motorola). Nous étendons la littérature sur les licences de brevets en modélisant des marchés avals différenciés et complémentaires. En utilisant les méthodes de l'économie industrielle, nous caractérisons les stratégies de licences profitables pour un innovateur en situation de monopole concernant le nombre de licences, les instruments tarifaires ainsi que l'intégration verticale et conglomérale. Nous montrons que le nombre de licences attribuées diffère généralement de celui observé lorsque la technologie est utilisée dans un marché aval isolé. En particulier, nous obtenons que le nombre de licences distribuées est plus élevé dans les marchés de niche lorsque le nombre de firmes intéressées par la technologie est limité. Dans ce cadre d'analyse, l'intégration verticale n'est pas profitable à l'exception des cas où, une seule firme est susceptible d'acquérir une licence sur le marché homogène, ou lorsque la demande pour le produit final est incertaine. Par ailleurs, les royalties unitaires perçus sur le nombre de produits vendus en aval ne sont utilisés que dans la structure de l'industrie la plus concurrentielle et lorsque la valorisation pour le bien final est élevée. Enfin, nous montrons que lorsque la demande est incertaine et que les acquéreurs de la technologie sont réticents à la prise de risque, l'innovateur préfère utiliser des royalties ad valorem qui portent sur les revenus issus des ventes de produits finals. Nos résultats montrent que les relations de complémentarité entre les marchés finals influent sur la manière dont sont transférées les technologies et que les fusions verticales et conglomérales ne semblent pas générer de comportements de forclusion<br>IT industries are characterized by strategic patent agreements such as patent licensing or patent pools. Products and services frequently have strong potential complementarity relations in this industry. To guarantee a satisfactory level of interoperability to users, the exchange of technical information is required between complementary producers. This dissertation aims at taking into account these two dimensions of the IT sector in order to provide new insights on competition policy cases involving high technology complementary products (e.g Intel/McAfee, Google/Motorola). We extend the literature on patent licensing by explicitly modeling downstream differentiated complementary goods. Using industrial organization methods, we characterize the profitable strategies of a monopoly innovator with respect to the number of licenses, the pricing instruments as well as vertical and conglomerate mergers. We show that the number of licenses delivered in equilibrium can differ from the standard model with a single downstream market. In particular, we consistently find, for various forms of licensing contracts that more licenses are issued in niche markets when the number of potential licensees is capped. Overall vertical integration and conglomerate mergers are found to be unprofitable except when there is only one firm likely to acquire the technology or when there is demand uncertainty. On the other hand, per unit royalty rates are only used in the most competitive structure of the industry for high valuations of the final good. Finally, sales revenue (i.e ad valorem) is found to be a more profitable royalty base than the number of sales (i.e per unit royalties) when demand is uncertain and licensees are risk averse. Our results show that complementarity influences the way in which technologies are transferred and that vertical mergers do not generate foreclosing behaviors in this framework
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Moral, Cejudo Alberto Jose del. "Integration of vertical Single Electron Transistor into CMOS technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673762.
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Aquesta tesi presenta les investigacions realitzades cap a la integració de transistors verticals d’un sol electró (SET) en tecnologia metall-òxid-semiconductor complementari (CMOS).
Dues de les principals motivacions de la indústria de semiconductors són la miniaturització de dispositius i la reducció del consum d’energia. En els nodes més avançats, les arquitectures tridimensionals han guanyat una importància significativa per tal d’augmentar la densitat d’integració, sent els dispositius disposats verticalment els candidats més adequats per a les generacions més recents. D’altra banda, els dispositius d’un sol electró són exemples de circuits de baix consum energètic.
En aquest treball, s’aborda la fabricació d’un SET basat en un nanofil vertical i la seva co-integració amb tecnologia CMOS. El punt de partida és un nanopilar de Si/SiO2/Si amb nanopunts de Si a la capa intermèdia de SiO2, que actuen com a punt quàntic del sistema. Els elèctrodes de porta i drenador es situen al voltant de l’òxid intermedi i en contacte amb el cap del pilar, respectivament. La integritat del pilar i el contacte dels seus elèctrodes es validen mitjançant caracterització estructural.
Tot i que la integració SET en producció a gran escala és encara un repte, la seva combinació amb tecnologia CMOS es beneficia de la maduresa tecnològica del processament de circuits integrats, superant els inconvenients intrínsecs del SET com el soroll de fons o la inestabilitat del dispositiu. Aquest treball també presenta la fabricació monolítica i compatible amb CMOS d’un transistor planar convencional co-integrat amb un SET vertical. La fabricació del procés s’adapta per complir les restriccions imposades pel SET prefabricat, com ara un pressupost tèrmic reduït, capes de protecció i dopatge modificat.
Es demostra la fabricació monolítica de SET vertical i transistors planars convencionals; es preserva la integritat del pilar i els transistors fabricats funcionen en condicions òptimes per a la compatibilitat SET.<br>Esta tesis presenta las investigaciones realizadas hacia la integración de transistores verticales de un solo electrón (SET) en tecnología metal-óxido-semiconductor complementario (CMOS).
Dos de las principales motivaciones de la industria de semiconductores son la miniaturización de dispositivos y la reducción de consumo de energía. En los nodos más avanzados, las arquitecturas tridimensionales han ganado una importancia significativa para aumentar la densidad de integración, siendo los dispositivos dispuestos verticalmente los candidatos más adecuados para las generaciones más recientes. Por otro lado, los dispositivos de un solo electrón son ejemplos de circuitos de bajo consumo energético.
En este trabajo, se aborda la fabricación de un SET basado en un nanohilo vertical y su co-integración con tecnología CMOS. El punto de partida es un nanopilar de Si/SiO/Si con nanopuntos de Si en la capa intermedia de SiO2, que actúan como puntos cuánticos del sistema. Los electrodos de puerta y drenador se sitúan alrededor del óxido intermedio y en contacto con la parte superior del pilar, respectivamente. La integridad del pilar y el contacto de sus electrodos se validan mediante caracterización estructural.
Aunque la integración SET en producción a gran escala es todavía un reto, su combinación con tecnología CMOS se beneficia de la madurez tecnológica del procesamiento de circuitos integrados, superando al mismo tiempo los inconvenientes intrínsecos del SET como ruido de fondo o la inestabilidad del dispositivo. Este trabajo también presenta la fabricación monolítica y compatible con CMOS de un transistor planar convencional co-integrado con un SET vertical. La fabricación del proceso se adapta para cumplir las restricciones impuestas por el SET prefabricado, como presupuesto térmico reducido, capas de protección o dopaje modificado.
Se demuestra la fabricación monolítica de SET vertical y transistores planares convencionales; se preserva la integridad del pilar y los transistores fabricados funcionan en condiciones óptimas para la compatibilidad SET.<br>This thesis presents the investigations performed towards the integration of Single Electron Transistor (SET) into Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies.
Two of the main drives in semiconductor industry are device miniaturization and power consumption reduction. In the most advanced nodes, three-dimensional architectures have gained significant importance to increase the integration density, being vertically arranged devices the most suitable candidates for the ultimate generations. On the other hand, single electron devices are examples of ultra-low power consumption circuits.
In this work, the fabrication of a SET based on a vertical nanowire and its co-integration with CMOS technology is addressed. The starting point is a Si/SiO2/Si nanopillar with Si nanodots in the intermediate SiO2 layer, acting as quantum dot of the system. The subsequent gate and drain electrodes are placed all-around the embedded oxide and on contact with the pillar cap, respectively. Pillar integrity and its electrodes contacting are validated by structural characterization.
While SET integration in large-scale production is still challenging, its combination with CMOS technology benefits from the technological maturity of integrated circuits processing, overtaking SET intrinsic drawbacks as background noise or device instability. This work also reports the CMOS compatible and monolithic fabrication of a conventional planar transistor co-integrated with a vertical SET. The process fabrication is adapted to fulfil the restrictions imposed by the pre-fabricated SET, such as reduced thermal budget, protective layers and modified doping.
The monolithic fabrication of vertical SET and planar transistors is demonstrated; the pillar integrity is preserved, and the fabricated transistors operate at optimum conditions for SET compatibility.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Enginyeria Electrònica i de Telecomunicació
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Diabate, Youssouf Nelson Robert G. "Vertical integration in the food manufacturing industry 1967-1992." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%206-15-07/DIABATE_YOUSSOUF_4.pdf.
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Odumusi, Opeyemi Oluwaseun. "Can vertical integration be compatible with a liberalised market?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510640.
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Jatar-Hausmann, Ana Julia. "Determinants of vertical integration and control in distribution channels." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3682/.
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Current theories of marketing channel structure have stressed product and industry characteristics. We develop a theoretical framework which emphasizes the importance of the markets for each of the functions required by the distribution channel. This framework was used in an extensive and in depth case study for 23 companies in 6 industries in Venezuela. Imperfections in the market for loans, lack of specialized markets for certain channel functions, spatial monopolies enjoyed by retailers and agency problems were identified as crucial elements affecting vertical integration and control in distribution channels.
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Khan, Abid. "Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers : design, characterisation and integration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285702.
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Haupt, Lynne Felice. "Vertical integration and strategic sourcing in the biopharmaceutical industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34827.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).<br>Biopharmaceutical companies are focusing on operational efficiency more than ever before due to cost pressures, generic competition, complex pricing, regulations, and globalization. Due to the low probabilities of success of drug development and achieving market penetration, it is critical for a company to optimize the sizing of a manufacturing facility to achieve maximum capacity utilization while avoiding or minimizing non-productive, idle capacity. In order to achieve high manufacturing efficiency and minimize capital risks, many firms elect to outsource various phases of the drug development value chain. This thesis investigates the major drivers for vertical integration and outsourcing in the biopharmaceutical industry. This work examines outsourcing and vertical integration decisions including their financial, organizational, and strategic effects on the organization. It presents a methodology and framework for strategic sourcing decisions and includes a set of quantitative tools for assessing outsourcing options and guidelines for selecting, implementing, and managing relationships with contract manufacturers. These frameworks are applied to case studies conducted at the Genzyme Corporation. The strategic sourcing decisions tools developed in this work are highly customizable and can be adopted by other companies in the biopharmaceutical industry.<br>by Lynne Felice Haupt.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Damani, Pallavi. "Vertical Integration in American Pulp and Paper Industry, 1970-2000." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4989.
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The paper and pulp industry saw an increase in the number of mergers in 1980s and 1990s. There had been consolidation of a number of smaller companies into larger corporations, which have greater management, financial, and marketing power. This merging trend has resulted in a fewer number of firms and an increasing concentration in the industry. Although the number of firms has decreased, the total industry capacity has been increasing. The combination of these interesting factors has motivated the topic of this masters thesis. The primary purpose of this research is to explore the factors that positively influence a firms decision to vertically integrate into producing its own pulp.
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Friedrich, Lars. "Strategic decisions regarding the vertical integration of financial service providers /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016219673&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wolslayer, Kelly A. "Collaborative policy making: vertical integration in the homeland security enterprise." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10751.
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CHDS State/Local<br>President Obama, the Secretary of the Homeland Security and other senior federal officials have emphasized that, in order to make our country safe and resilient, all levels of government, non-governmental organizations and the private sector must all work together. This commitment to the shared responsibility requires the White House National Security Staff to make a commitment to engage meaningfully with stakeholders in the mission, through increased transparency and direct consultation. Continued engagement will not only build trust and support from those entities, but it will greatly improve the homeland security enterprise. This research set out to identify a model for the White House National Security Staff to consider using that would provide the most effective and efficient manner for the National Security Staff to engage local, state, tribal, non-governmental and private sector partners to achieve an integrated homeland security policy.
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ANTUNES, ARMANDO PINTO. "VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN THE OIL INDUSTRY: STILL THE BEST OPTION?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23552@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A integração vertical, tradicionalmente, sempre foi a estratégia mais adotada pelas maiores empresas da indústria de petróleo, visando capturar lucros extraordinários ao longo da cadeia petrolífera. Várias seriam as razões para a integração vertical, entre elas estariam, a redução dos custos de transação, a discriminação de preços, aumentar o poder de mercado e a criação de barreira à entrada a novos concorrentes. No entanto, duas grandes petrolíferas norteamericanas decidiram pela desintegração de suas atividades, Marathon em 2010 e Conoco em 2011, criando, cada uma, duas empresas independentes, uma de upstream e outra de downstream. Isso veio a por em dúvida se a integração vertical ainda seria a alternativa mais eficiente para essa indústria. Diversos analistas passaram a explicar quais seriam os motivos e vantagens a favor da desintegração, e como se comportariam outras empresas importantes no negócio de petróleo. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva analisar os principais motivos que levam empresas a se integrarem, bem como a utilização de um modelo com dados de 339 empresas de 48 países para checar se a integração ainda seria a melhor opção para empresas da indústria de petróleo. Esse trabalho tem como inspiração o estudo de Barrera-Rey (1995), com algumas alterações. Embora não apresentem a robustez estatística desejada, os resultados apontariam que a integração não mais seria a melhor das opções, embora essa decisão tenha um caráter mais individual para cada empresa do que uma solução para a indústria como um todo.<br>Vertical integration has traditionally always been the most adopted strategy for the biggest companies in the oil industry, aiming to capture extraordinary profits along the oil supply chain. Several are the reasons for vertical integration, such as the reduction of transaction costs, price discrimination, increased marketpower and creation of barriers to entry of new competitors. However, two major american oil companies decided for the disintegration of their activities, Marathonin 2010 and Conoco in 2011, creating, each, two independent companies, one for the upstream business and another for the downstream business. This brings into question whether vertical integration is still the most efficient strategy for thisindustry. Several analysts began to explain which would be the reasons and advantages in favor of disintegration, and how other leading oil companies wouldbehave in the future. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the main reasons that lead companies to integrate, using a model with data from 339 companies in 48 countries to check if the integration would still be the best option for companies in the oil industry. This work is inspired by the study of Barrera-Rey (1995) with some modifications. While not having the desired statistical robustness, the results indicate that integration is no longer the best option, although that decision would have a more individual character to each company than a solution to the industry as a whole.
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Ljubenović, Žarko. "Equity research - Corticeira Amorim S.G.P.S., SA : vertical and horizontal integration." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19379.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O presente projecto consiste numa avaliação da Corticeira Amorim SGPS SA. Este contém uma análise financeira detalhada da empresa, focando-se ainda na indústria e nas oportunidades de M&A para a Corticeira Amorim e os seus concorrentes. Este relatório segue o formato recomendado pelo CFA Institute e considera apenas informação pública disponibilizada até 15 de Janeiro de 2019.
A empresa em questão foi selecionada pela CFA Society Portugal no âmbito do CFA Research Challenge 2019.
A Corticeira Amorim, uma das maiores empresas em Portugal, é a maior produtora de rolhas de cortiça a nível mundial. A empresa domina a indústria com uma quota de mercado de 44%.
Da nossa análise resulta uma recomendação de COMPRA com um preço-alvo de €10.9/ação, correspondente a um potencial de valorização de +21% face à cotação de 31 de Dezembro de 2018. Para avaliar a Corticeira Amorim foi utilizado o método de Fluxos de Caixa Descontados (DCF), uma vez que se trata de uma empresa matura com fluxos de caixa estáveis. O principal modelo utilizado foi o Free Cashflow to the Firm (FCFF). Como complemento à nossa análise, foram ainda utilizados os modelos Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) e Dividend Discount Model (DDM).
Os principais riscos para a nossa recomendação são relativos às possíveis mudanças no consumo de vinho e à não existência de cortiça suficiente para os produtores. Adicionalmente, foi analisado o risco que advém de um cenário de maior consolidação do mercado.<br>This project consists of an Equity Research Report on Corticeira Amorim SGPS SA. It contains extensive financial analysis on the company with a special emphasis on the industry's landscape and the M&A opportunities available to the company and its competitors. This report follows the format recommended by the CFA Institute and is based on the publicly available information until the 15th of January 2019.
The company was chosen by the CFA society Portugal for the CFA Research Challenge 2019.
Corticeira Amorim, one of the biggest Portuguese companies, is the world's largest cork stoppers producer. It dominates the market with 44% of the global market share. The company is diversified within the cork industry as, besides stoppers, it produces the floor and wall coverings, insulation and composites.
We issue a buy recommendation with the price target of €10.9 and upside potential of +21% from December 31st, 2018 closing price. To reach our price target we used the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach, as it is a mature company with a stable cash flow stream. As the main model, we used the Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF). Additionally, to complement our analysis we used the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) and the Dividend Discount Model (DDM).
The main risks to our recommendation are the change in wine consumption and the availability of cork. In addition, we extensively researched the risk that could come from further consolidation in the market and we offered our analysis for that scenario.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Lee, Seung-Cheol. "Opportunism, vertical integration, and exclusive dealing contracts in cooperative organizations." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278528327.
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Lee, Seung-Cheol. "Opportunism, vertical integration, and exclusive dealing contracts in cooperative organization /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245900204.
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Alalade, Olushola Adetayo. "Do double taxation treaties dictate between financial vertical integration and operational vertical integration? : case study on UK and USA, UK and Nigeria double taxation treaties." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505610.
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Mason, Katy J. "Market orientation and vertical de-integration : creating customer and company value." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1300/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between a firm's supply chain and a firm's degree of market orientation and economic performance. The results suggest that certain types of supply chain design - in particular those models that make for close links with the firm's customers - lead to superior marketing and shareholder value. Two sets of environmental forces have been particularly influential in reshaping supply chains over recent years. One is the enormous growth in production capacity, especially in the Far East, which has lead to more industries operating with excess capacity. Production skills and resources were once seen as at the heart of a firm's core capabilities and the source of its competitive advantage. Today, in more and more sectors, the key skill is marketing - creating customer preference in oversupplied markets through branding and customer relationship management. Downstream activities in the supply chain have risen in prominence compared to upstream activities. The second change has been the information revolution brought about by the computer and the Internet. This has lowered the transaction costs of integrating the activities performed by the different businesses constituting a supply chain and made it increasingly attractive to achieve control without ownership. Supply chains can now become networks integrated through seamless in formation exchanges We explore these changes at the microeconomic level. The research draws upon the existing literature and on primary data including exploratory interviews, main-study in-depth interviews and survey data. Matched pair samples of 20 high performance and 20 low performance business units based in the UK provided the main body of data results. Data analysis involved four distinct phases; within case analysis and cross case analysis for the qualitative data collected; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify dimensions of influence as a method of integration; discriminant analysis and Lambda to investigate the association between supply chain configuration typologies, market orientation and business performance. Two major contributions stem from this research. First, the interdisciplinary domain for supply chain configuration can be established. Whereas traditionally competitive advantage has been built through a focus on operations efficiency - streamlining processes to reduce cost, today increased communications, global markets and the speed at which Internet technologies are developing, demand and facilitate an additional perspective for supply chain management - the effectiveness perspective. The concept of effectiveness brings the subject of supply chain management from the sphere of operations management into the domain of marketing strategy. From this perspective the building, maintenance and management of customer relationships becomes central to the supply chain configuration. Highly efficient production processes, where fiercely protected technical know-how enables the delivery of superior quality products, no longer acts as a sustainable source of competitive advantage. To achieve this, firms must focus on two principle activities: building brand value and carefully fostering relationships with key customers. For firms positioned upstream in the supply chain, building a strong brand identity offers potentially a means to integrate downstream with both customers and consumers. The second contribution comes from the association of supply chain configuration with other variables. Our results show a relationship between market orientation, business performance and supply chain configuration. We conclude that companies are beginning to recognise opportunities that arise from using technology and information to blur traditional boundaries between suppliers, manufacturers and end users. We discuss how technology enables co-ordination across company boundaries to achieve new levels of efficiency and effectiveness, as well as extraordinary returns to investors. For example, a company, its suppliers, and even its customers might begin to share information and activities to speed the design of a product and raise the likelihood of its success in the marketplace. This should enable suppliers to begin developing components before the overall product design is complete, providing vital timely feedback regarding component specification, cost and time objectives. Equally, customers are able to review a product as it evolves and provide input on how it meets their needs. Managers must concern themselves with the design stages of the product and facilitate knowledge and information flows through the entire supply chain. Business seems to be on the threshold of a new era of inter-firm relationships. Supply chain customers sharing the same suppliers are able to provide leadership, encouraging shared distribution systems and payment/ordering systems. Over capacity in firms forces such considerations. Collaborative approaches can drive down costs and ultimately offer improved services for consumers, making available the goods they want, where and when they want them. But this configuration of an interconnected, interdependent supply network requires much more openness. Interfirm boundaries must become almost invisible. Trust, commitment, open communication and information sharing must permeate the culture of partnering firms. The sharing of real time customer information both within and between firms facilitates the reduction of inventory and increases speed to market, reducing risk and increasing cost savings. Customer information provides a sound basis for segmenting markets, allowing the understanding of customer needs to develop in a deeper way. This customer closeness gives access to information critical in aiding accurate forecasting which is central to the elimination of unnecessary costs and enabling firms to dramatically extend the value they deliver to customers thus creating competitive advantage. Shrinking the time and the resources it takes to meet customers' needs in a world where those needs are constantly changing is the challenge. As Wayne Gretzky, the famous hockey player explained, "the key to winning is getting first to where the puck is going next". The same could be said about succeeding in business. Listening to customers and then using and sharing this most valuable information resource throughout the supply chain will be the key.
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Unusan, Cagatay. "An empirical examination of vertical quasi-integration in Turkish automobile distribution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315704.
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Main, Ombretta. "Models of partial vertical integration and trade policies with product differentiation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260918.
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Miller, Matthew. "Fabricated Timber: Vertical Integration of Solid Wood + The Architecture of Manufacturing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553613806772075.
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Ouraiprywan, Nilawan. "Degree of vertical integration and its buffering effects on political uncertainty." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/27208/.
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The focus of this study is on the governance decisions in a concurrent channels context, in the case of uncertainty. The study examines how a firm chooses to deploy its sales force in times of uncertainty, and the subsequent performance outcome of those deployment choices. The theoretical framework is based on multiple theories of governance, including transaction cost analysis (TCA), agency theory, and institutional economics. Three uncertainty variables are investigated in this study. The first two are demand and competitive uncertainty which are considered to be industry-level market uncertainty forms. The third uncertainty, political uncertainty, is chosen as it is an important dimension of institutional environments, capturing non-economic circumstances such as regulations and political systemic issues. The study employs longitudinal secondary data from a Thai hotel chain, comprising monthly observations from January 2007 – December 2012. This hotel chain has its operations in 4 countries, Thailand, the Philippines, United Arab Emirates – Dubai, and Egypt, all of which experienced substantial demand, competitive, and political uncertainty during the study period. This makes them ideal contexts for this study. Two econometric models, both deploying Newey-West estimations, are employed to test 13 hypotheses. The first model considers the relationship between uncertainty and governance. The second model is a version of Newey-West, using an Instrumental Variables (IV) estimator and a Two-Stage Least Squares model (2SLS), to test the direct effect of uncertainty on performance and the moderating effect of governance on the relationship between uncertainty and performance. The observed relationship between uncertainty and governance observed follows a core prediction of TCA; that vertical integration is the preferred choice of governance when uncertainty rises. As for the subsequent performance outcomes, the results corroborate that uncertainty has a negative effect on performance. Importantly, the findings show that becoming more vertically integrated cannot help moderate the effect of demand and competitive uncertainty, but can significantly moderate the effect of political uncertainty. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications, and extend our knowledge of the impact on uncertainty significantly, as well as bringing an institutional perspective to TCA. Further, they offer managers novel insight into the nature of different types of uncertainty, their impact on performance, and how channel decisions can mitigate these impacts.
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Aldaz, Rafael I. "Towards monolithic integration of mode-locked vertical cavity surface emitting laser /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Jeong, Kyonghwa. "Two essays on product bundling and one essay on vertical integration." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Pavan, Fernando Ramos. "Metodo de integração de gerenciamento de projetos e do gerenciamento por projetos atraves do Balanced Scorecard - BSC." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264029.
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Orientador: Eugenio Jose Zoqui<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Pavan_FernandoRamos_D.pdf: 19869541 bytes, checksum: 498edd8258ae17590272ade5a668f457 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta um método (modelo) para a integração entre o Gerenciamento de Processos e do Gerenciamento por Projetos uma vez que, apesar de interdependentes, são tratados de maneira isolada pelas organizações. A ferramenta gerencial utilizada para esta integração é o Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Para tanto, o trabalho faz uma apresentação dos conceitos e métodos de Gerenciamento de Processos existentes, detalhando-os e mostrando sua aplicabilidade prática, assim como conceitua e apresenta o Gerenciamento por Projetos e suas ferramentas. Traz também uma revisão crítica a respeito do Balanced Scorecard como ferramenta gerencial. Após a revisão é apresentado um modelo para esta integração, que é constituído de um fluxograma geral de trabalho aonde é necessário mapear os processos existentes, levantar quais os objetivos da organização e por final alinhá-Ios através do BSC. São levantadas desta maneira diversas oportunidades de melhoria que se constituem em possíveis projetos. Através de um sistema de pontuação são levantados os melhores projetos e passa-se a fase de execução e acompanhamento através das ferramentas de Gerenciamento por Projetos. Toda esta sistemática de trabalho é facilitada pela utilização de planilhas eletrônicas, colocadas à disposição das organizações, para que todo o trabalho seja padronizado. Por fmal o método de integração é aplicado em uma empresa do ramo metalúrgico e os resultados da implantação do sistema são discutidos<br>Abstract: This work presents a method (model) to integrate Process Management and Management by Project since, although interdependent techniques, organizations usually conduct them as isolated efforts. The management tool chosen for such an integration is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). To achieve its proposed results, this work presents the existing Process Management concepts and methods, exploring their details and showing their practical applicability, as well as it presents and discusses the concept of Project Management and its related tools. A review is also shown for the Balanced Scorecard as a management too1.A model for the aforementioned integration is presented afier the bibliography research, which comprises of a general work flowchart that indicates the need to map existing processes, define the organization objectives and, finally, align them using the BSC. Several improvement opportunities arise which may drive to possible projects. The best projects are select through a scoring system and the following step is to execute and monitor them with Management by Project tools. The whole work system is facilitated by electronic worksheets, made available to organizations, to standardize the tasks. As a fmal item in the present work, the integration method is applied to a metallurgical organization and the implementation results are discussed.<br>Doutorado<br>Materiais e Processos de Fabricação<br>Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Nemoto, Jiro, and Goto Mika. "Technological Externalities and Economies of Vertical Integration in the Electric Utility Industry." Elsevier, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7771.
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Jeng, Yen Ming, and 顏銘志. "Vertical integration." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86085915787445985325.
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Cetinkaya, Volkan. "Essays on vertical restraints and vertical integration." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051789.
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Yu-Chin, Tseng, and 曾宇嫀. "Vertical Integration or Licensing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53295117376177456444.
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碩士<br>佛光人文社會學院<br>經濟學研究所<br>92<br>ABSTRACT
This paper studies patent-holding firm when the innovation is non-drastic. A licensing game includes two stages. If the patent-holding firm combines the downstream market, it can stretch the market power. Is the merger harmless if vertical integration? And will market foreclosure harm downstream competitors? The patent-holding firm sets its fixed licensing fee or royalty rate to maximize its total income which is the sum of the profit from its own production and the licensing revenue. The purpose of this study is to examine vertical integration or licensing is good for patent-holding firm.
There are upstream firms producing a homogenous input and downstream firms producing homogenous goods to final consumers. First, the upstream firms choose quantities which results in a market clearing input price, . Second, the downstream firms choose quantities taking the input price as given.
There is a vast literature on vertical integration. Closest in spirit to this study is Salinger (1988) where firms compete in quantities using constant returns to scale technologies. Salinger (1988) discusses market foreclosure and Ordover (1990) continuous Salinger's study. Salinger (1988)、 Hackner (2003) and Linnemer (2003) analyze welfare aspects of vertical integration. Wang (1998) analyzes royalty licensing can be superior to fixed-fee licensing for the patent-holding firm when the cost-reducing innovation is non-drastic.
The main findings are the following. Vertical integration is the best strategy of patent-holding. When the price of the input increases, market foreclosure will happen. But if the number of the downstream firms is large, the demand of input will be elastic. Consumer surplus will increase.
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Hsu, you-ray, and 許友睿. "Non-vertical-Integrated Firms of Research Innovation and Vertical Integration of Process Innovation On Asymmetric Vertical Integration Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00285765717910848154.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>國際經營與貿易學系<br>104<br>This paper according to the study of Buehler & Schmutzler(2008)and Garella & Lambertini(2012)basis model and use of modified Cournot model to imitate two upstream firms and two downstream firms. In the vertically integrated downstream firms implement research innovation to increase the degree of product differentiation, under non-vertical upstream firms implement process innovation to cost down like R&D process. In additional the model add market factor, consumer preference factor. The results show: in vertically integrated downstream firms price, output, profit etc. all more than the non-vertical upstream firms results.
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Ou, Yi Fen, and 歐宜芬. "Does Vertical Integration Facilitate Downstream Collusion?" Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99177768098206280093.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>國際經營與貿易學系<br>104<br>This research investigates the emergence of downstream cartel in vertically-related industries by using successive Cournot oligopolies. The results show mergers’ paradox exists to circumvent the formation of downstream cartel with few firms in both upstream and downstream. Besides downstream firms would have less incentive to form a cartel organization when competing with an independent vertically-integrated firm in the industry relative to the industry without a vertically-integrated firm. The vertical integration would lessen the downstream cartel collusion as well as circumvent the double marginalization problem. The reason is that vertically-integrated firm would have huge gain from the ease of double marginalization and enjoys cost advantage to dominate the downstream market. The emergence of vertically-integration firm would in turn weaken the competitive advantage of those cartel firms in the downstream market. On the other hand, the firm betraying from the cartel would suffer much less punishment from the grim strategy conducted by the cartel facing vertically-integrated competitor in the downstream market. However, the gain from betraying the cartel would be much greater since every cartel firm would only produce less originally facing the vertically-integrated competitor. Therefore, the downstream cartel would be difficult to substantiate and the downstream market would maintain its competition. In this situation this paper contributes to a justification that the existence of vertically-integrated firm would be welfare-improving.
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Lehr, William. "Understanding Vertical Integration in the Internet." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1497.
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chuang, kevin, and 莊禮仲. "liberalization、Stackelberg leader and vertical integration." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19385014688743894908.
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碩士<br>佛光人文社會學院<br>經濟學系<br>94<br>This article primarily discusses on the liberalization market.After the market is integrated vertically by existing monopoly manufacturers,who will regulate the access price of following manufacturers,Stackelberg leaders or government？This article compares the social welfare of these two cases.Based on the theory of Armstrong,M.,Simon C.and Vickers,J.（1994）,this article establishes two simple models：In model one,government has no regulated on access price.Under such a case,the upstream organs of the leading manufacturers decide the access price so as to seek their own maximal profit. In model two,government has regulated on access price,under such a case,the profit of the upstream organs of the leading manufacturers is restricted,government decides an optimal access price in view of maximal social welfare. Hereby，the conclusion of this article is：When market is integrated vertically by monopoly manufacturers,the access price shall be under control. It is a system resulting in high efficient social and economic welfare. There are three reasons to explain this system can have larger economic welfare. Firstly,after vertical integration,this system can remove double marginalization and have higher production efficiency. Secondly,after vertical integration,this system can reduce market price and raise consumer surplus. Thirdly,if government regulate access price,new comers will have comparatively fair competitive opportunity.
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Chen, Chun-Han, and 陳俊翰. "Vertical Integration and Optimal Industrial Policy." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46402516780710092863.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>產業經濟學系碩士班<br>102<br>This paper considers a three country model that analyze the relation between government optimal industrial policy and vertically integrated firm.Given the existence of a intermediate good and a final good firms in domestic and foreign country and final good firms export good to the third market with Cournot competition,this paper points out that integrated firm must pay fixed cost,when fixed cost relatively high,the domestic government must choose to subsidize intermediate good,but tax final good,under domestic government optimal industrial policy will induce upstream and downstream firms vertically integrate.
Under this equilibrium, we find that the effect of subsidies for intermediate good is greater than the effect of taxes for final good and therefore vertically integrated firm does not participate in the intermediate good market, foreign upstream firm monopolizes the upstream market,the decrease of the prices of intermediate good and final good,the increase of domestic intermediate good output,the decrease of foreign intermediate good output, the increase of both countries final good output.
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CHIANG, PO-JUNG, and 江柏蓉. "Vertical integration, spillover and yardstick competition." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86768100138864696966.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>經濟學系<br>93<br>Yardstick competition is a kind of scheme that regulates region monopolies, this method can effectively regulate monopolies, lets these monopolies mutually compete, and achieve the efficiency. In order to let yardstick competition even more universal, this thesis wants to understand if exists the externalities, and exists different vertical integrations, yardstick competition whether still could the effective operation.
This thesis is based on the model of Shleifer (1985). More over, we consider “vertical integration” and “spillover” in our model. The main results can be summarized by five points.
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CHEN, YA-LING, and 陳雅玲. "Vertical Integration Strategy and Competitive Effects:." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06450906390938949132.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>國際企業學研究所<br>91<br>Beverage is one of the key and essential consumer products industries. During recent years, retail channel development has achieved substantial economic success and international collaboration. With the engagement of international collaborations, which bring in abundant capital and modern retailing and distribution technologies, a significant transformation in the business channels in Taiwan has being ignited, which sequentially results in the channel revolution. Of great interest and importance is an increasing degree of forward vertical integration undertaken by major beverage manufacturers, a development which seems to render unequal competitive effects on various manufacturers.
From viewpoint of resource relatedness, there shall be little economic gain due to integration between manufacturing and channel activities. Even worse scenario occurs when such forward integration induces interest conflicts with other channels and manufacturers. However, manufacturers’ forward integration may generate foreclosure effects over other manufacturers. To investigate this issue, the present thesis undertook a case-based research based on four major beverage manufacturers in Taiwan.
Our research found that product line width and business dependence on channel are two prerequisites for engaging in forward vertical integration. With fully controlled, competitive channels, a manufacturer could speed up its new product launch and gain superior shelf spaces. It will create more chance to implement trade marketing campaigns to arouse consumers’ to purchase firm’s product. Hence, uplift market share and build consumers loyalty accordingly. However, channel investments did not guarantee positive financial payoff if the channel fail to achieve operational efficiencies. For those manufacturers who fail to establish competitive channels, they shall focus on managing brand effectively and creating value differentiation. To cope with its deficiencies in channel, a manufacturer could take advantage of vertical specialization and division of labor through inter-firm alliances and subcontracting. Strategic implications and suggestions to future research are discussed.
Key words: Vertical Integration, Beverage Channel, Competitive Advantage
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Liu, Yu-Jen, and 劉育任. "Vertical Integration, Antitrust Law and International Trade." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d6p88r.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>經濟學系<br>96<br>The thesis explores three events of international trade, regarding an oligopolistic market. First, vertical integration reduces output firm’s marginal production cost. Thus a merge of upstream and downstream helps export industry in competition with a foreign rival via if the market is in Cournot duopoly. Nevertheless, triggering aggressive price competition, the integration can dampen export sector if the market is in a duopoly of Bertrand competition. Second, the collusion of upstream firms raises the marginal cost of producing final goods. The government should tight the enforcement of antitrust law to deter the collusions and hence promote the exports of final goods when the market is in quantitative competition. In contrast, antitrust law should be loosely enforced to alleviate price competition when the market is in price competition. Moreover, subsidizing (taxing) the upstream-firms’ production reduces (raises) the factor prices of downstream. The production subsidy of intermediate goods of producing final export can give export industry an advantage as what a direct export subsidy can.
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Tso, Wei-Chung, and 左惟中. "Experiments of Vertical Integration in Supply Chain." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27320073408823601033.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>國際經營與貿易研究所<br>101<br>The main purpose of this experiment is to explore the issue of double marginalization by thirty-two posted-offer experiments. The outline of this study is mainly with reference to the experiment proposed by Durham, which is considered as a control group for comparison.
The difference between this experiment and Durham’s experiments is that this experiment does not add the bonus as compensation, in order to find whether the bonus factor affect the firm’s bid or not. Therefore, in this experiments , two experimental treatments are mainly used to eliminate the double marginalization. First, the downstream market mechanisms from a monopolistic market to a competitive market. Second, divided the market into two parts: with bonus and without bonus as experimental treatments. Bonus has the same effect as compensation in Durham’s experiment.
The method of Hypothesis testing is the same as Durham’s method on this experiment. The results are presented whether bonus is given or not or whether market type of downstream is monopolistic or competitive, it is really close to the theoretical value that Durham deduced refer to Spengler’s theory in the last six periods, same as Durham’s experiments.
When the market of downstream manufacturers is monopolistic, vertical mark-up behavior occurs no matter bonus is given or not. However, when the market of downstream firms is competitive, double marginalization would be eliminated no matter bonus is given or not. The downstream firms would not cause price distortion in the competitive market, which is different from the result of Durham’s experiments.
Regarding the effect of the bonus mechanism for firm’s pricing, bonus mechanism can
fully inhibit firm’s pricing in the monopolistic downstream market. But, bonus mechanism can’t inhibit firm’s pricing in the competitive downstream market. In addition, the test results of market efficiency, consumer surplus, and quantity are consistent with Durham's experiments.
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YEH, KUO YUAN, and 葉國元. "Vertical Integration for TFT LCD supply chain." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11466255063610091207.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>管理學院經營管理碩士學程<br>96<br>The TFT-LCD supply chains include various manufacturers. This case study focuses on the competition and cooperation between the upper stream panel makers and down stream system integrators. The study aims to find out the potential systematic integration strategies with the existing resources under the circumstances of both suppliers and customers having stronger negotiation power.
Before engaging in the LCD monitor production, Top Victory Technology Group had learned the significance of the economy of scale in the electronic OEM industry. On account of the increasing production amount, the negotiation basis about the raw material prices was substantially supported. Meanwhile, the cost reduction of each item due to the economy of scale advanced profits. At the early stage of LCD monitor mass production, Top Victory Technology Group realized that the only way to defeat competitors was to win the customers’ appreciation for its integrating development and research technologies.
As a matter of fact, the growth of the monitor production industry has been slowing down. Concerns for the business continuity, the LCD television widely accepted by the consumers definitely is going to be the star product promoting the sales rapidly. However, the acceptance of a consuming electronic appliance depends on the dialogue between the brand images and the consumers instead of the upper stream panel manufacturers. Therefore, how to relate the appliance to a well-known brand in order to pack up an image for the entire supply chain is the obvious solution to integration in this industry. The notion here is that to take the brand advantage of the upper stream panel manufacturers strengthens the weaknesses of the down stream system integrators. With the concepts of co-design and co-location, from the customer exploration, the product design, to the product sale to the well-known brand factory constitutes on continuous line. This one continuous line, which includes designing, purchasing, producing and selling, enhances the value of the supply chain.
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NIU, MU, and 牛牧. "Vertical Integration Strategy of Overseas Study Agencies." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4eys3.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>企業管理學系<br>106<br>ABSTRACT
Entering the twenty-first Century, with the further expansion of the global economic and political integration, the countries all over the world have become more and more closely connected. All countries of the world have struck a battle for talent. The overseas study, led by their own nationals, has created a major pioneer for each country to seek a place in the global economic integration, but in 2008 After the financial crisis, the economic situation of every country in the world has been further depressed. In order to find a new economic growth point, the overseas market has become a prescription for the economic growth of each country. And the overseas students who leave their homeland every year have become the present and the future 10. The most needed people in every country during the year.
With the exchange and learning among young people in various countries, their existence will help enterprises in their countries to open up overseas markets.
But in recent years, due to the increasing number of overseas students, the demand for foreign students' quality has been decreasing.
However, in the final analysis, there is not enough cultural knowledge to integrate into the daily life of the destination country before the destination of foreign students.
But the market is also realistic. Many overseas students have not prepared enough to go to other countries to study. It is difficult to resonate with the national conditions in all aspects of culture, national conditions, policies, life, teaching and other aspects, and has also exposed many negative news, such as the expulsion of overseas students by the school.
Under such a big background, the sun industry in the market and the service of studying abroad should no longer be simply a simple work to help the students to apply for the offer of the University. The education not only meets the needs of the students, but also creates a new economic growth point in the market service market. However, how to provide such services to students in a reasonable way is now the need for the service workers to study abroad. This article studies the overall situation of overseas students, and analyzes the results of the school survey of the students who are trained before and after going abroad to adapt to the living conditions of the country. It has a certain reference and reference function, and the data have been provided by the students studying abroad, with the credibility and the same It also helps other workers to provide ideas for development.
Keywords: studying abroad agency; market development; market segmentation; market positioning; advantages and disadvantages analysis.
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Chu, Sy-Lvia, and 朱元蕾. "Decision Model for Vertical Integration and Vertical Separation – Based on Taiwan Semiconductor Industry." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50680201596794486899.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>96<br>The research is based on Cournot quantity competition model of game theory and present the Taiwan semiconductor industry as a real example. The main purpose of this study is to understand the industry decision model of vertical integration and vertical separation of downstream firms, by observing number of downstream firms, out put and cost stricture function of those firms which include fixed cost , variable cost and transaction cost etc, and to propose the use of “ Integration factor” as a monitor indicator, base on the result.
The result found the number of downstream firms bigger than integration factor, then the firms will inclination to adopt the vertical separation for obtain higher profit; on the other hand the number of downstream firms smaller than integration factor, then the firms will inclination to adopt the vertical integration for obtain higher profit.
Factors will influence the integration factor which include fixed cost, variable cost and out put of upperstream firms, variable cost of downstream firms , other cost and market demand curve.
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LIU, CHENG-HSIUNG, and 劉正雄. "Vertical Integration of Cross Government Agencies Open Data." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z34b2p.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士在職專班<br>105<br>"Open Data" is now the topic of the world. Most advanced democratic countries have started their plans to "Government Open Data" plan. However, most of the existing open-data system are agency-oriented (no cross-agency integration), and those data are usually rated no more than 3-star. This poses a challenge to the development and appli-cation. Therefore, it becomes a key issue to establish an effective framework to obtain cross-agency complementary data to reach information integrity.
In order to assist the relevant application industry to resolve this challenge, this study try to establish a framework implementing open data from the Ministry of Eco-nomic Affairs and Ministry of Health and Welfare, and conduct an empirical study on feasibility of vertical integration cross-agency data in mobile devices with three-star open data.
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Chu, Yi-chen, and 朱宜振. "Vertical Integration Research for Taiwan Industrial PC Market." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97792734785444392517.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>高階管理碩士在職專班<br>95<br>ASUSTek and ADVANTECH announced a joint venture to form a new Industrial PC company, “ADVANSUS”. ASUS was eager to join the industrial PC market, and ADVANTECH wanted to gain growth opportunity and momentum. ADVANTECH is a first tier industrial PC vendor and ASUS is a leading electronic commodity vendor. Now they have both found a new growth engine and have chosen to marry and form ADVANSUS. This decision brings a huge impact to the Industrial PC market.
This purpose of this paper is to study the relationship of the industrial chain, high performance corporations, and diversification strategy using the ASUS / ADVANTECH joint venture as a casy study. The impact of this venture on the market and the reasons behind each company’s decisions will be studied. Whether ADVANSUS can become a high performance corporation will be determined through an interview process. Additionally, more detailed knowledge will be gained about the Industrial PC market.
This conclusion of this paper is that when corporations want to find new growth engines or opportunities, they can use industrial chain analysis to find a similar industry with a comparable core competence and then perform a diversification operation. However, care must be taken not to fall into the trap of overgrowth. This paper can also be used as a reference for those wishing to join the Industrial PC market.