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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vente de rue"
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Yaou, Chaibou, Mahamadou Aboubacar Ali, Mamadou Lewamy i Hassimi Sadou. "Contrôle de la qualité microbiologique des aliments de la rue vendus dans le milieu scolaire à Niamey (Niger)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, nr 3 (4.09.2024): 938–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i3.17.
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L’accès à une alimentation saine en milieu scolaire est extrêmement important, surtout dans les pays en développement comme le Niger. Les collations dans les écoles permettent aux écoliers de mieux s’alimenter. Cependant, les lacunes en matière de salubrité entourant la préparation et la vente des aliments entrainent de grands risques pour la santé des écoliers. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la qualité hygiénique des aliments vendus dans les écoles de Niamey. La collecte des échantillons s’était déroulée auprès de 60 vendeurs au sein de 20 écoles de l’arrondissement communal Niamey V entre mars et avril 2022. Le niveau de salubrité et d’hygiène a été évalué selon une grille de questionnaires. La qualité microbiologique des aliments a été évaluée à partir des analyses des paramètres microbiologiques. La vente d’aliments était exercée surtout par les femmes (95%) et l’âge moyen de vendeurs était de 40,73 ±11,53 ans et près de la moitié (43,3%) n’étaient pas scolarisés. La majorité des vendeurs utilisait des tables insalubres (77,8%). Les aliments étaient souvent exposés au soleil et à l’air libre (96,7%). Quant aux habits et à l’hygiène des vendeurs, la plupart portaient leur tenue habituelle (98,3%) et le lavage des mains n’était pas régulier. Pour l’analyse microbiologique, 100% des échantillons étaient non satisfaisants pour la Flore Aérobie Mésophile Totale, Coliformes Totaux, Coliformes Thermotolérants et staphylocoque; en effet, 23,3% et 35% des échantillons étaient non conformes respectivement pour salmonelles et Escherichia coli. Les conditions d’hygiène dans lesquelles les aliments vendus dans les écoles étaient non satisfaisantes et les charges microbiennes observées pourraient être dommageables à la santé des écoliers.
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Adjalo, Djiwonou Koffi, Koko Zébéto Houedakor i Kossiwa Zinsou-Klassou. "Usage des emballages plastiques dans la restauration de rue et assainissement des villes ouest-africaines : exemple de Lomé au Togo". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, nr 5 (14.09.2020): 1646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.13.
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Les villes ouest-africaines connaissent une expansion démographique et spatiale, rapide et continue, depuis plusieurs décennies, avec développement de nouveaux modes de vie et de restauration. La restauration de rue, dans la quête de la satisfaction des besoins alimentaire de la population urbaine, fait usage des emballages plastiques. Dans ce secteur acquis à l’informel, l’usage de ces emballages entraîne des effets néfastes sur le système d'assainissement des villes ouest-africaines dont Lomé. Le présent article met en exergue l’usage des emballages plastiques dans la restauration de rue et son impact sur l’assainissement à Lomé. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été effectuée auprès de 225 consommateurs de rue choisis sur 45 points de vente, retenus par choix raisonné dans l’agglomération urbaine de Lomé. Les consommateurs d’aliments de rue sont essentiellement des fonctionnaires (40%) et des commerçants (35,11%). 75% des consommateurs sont des hommes et 82,5% des restaurateurs, des femmes. Les emballages plastiques sont utilisés dans le conditionnement des aliments de rue à Lomé. Devenus déchets après usage, les emballages plastiques ne font pas objet d’une gestion particulière. Une catégorisation des déchets à la source, conduirait à l’efficacité de leur gestion pour un meilleur assainissement de nos villes.
Mots clés : Emballages plastiques, alimentation de rue, assainissement, urbanisation, environnement, Lomé-Togo
English title: Use of plastic packaging in street restoration and sanitation in west african cities : The case of Lomé
West African cities have experienced rapid and continuous demographic and spatial expansion for several decades with the development of new lifestyles and restaurants. Street catering, in the quest to meet the food needs of the urban population, uses plastic packaging. In this informal sector, the use of this packaging has harmful effects on the sanitation system in West African cities, including Lomé. This article highlights the use of plastic packaging in street food and its impact on sanitation in Lomé. To do this, a survey was carried out among 225 street consumers chosen from 45 points of sale, selected by reasoned choice in the urban agglomeration of Lomé. Street food consumers are mainly civil servants (40%) and traders (35.11%). 75% of consumers are men and 82.5% of restaurateurs are women. Plastic packaging is used in the packaging of street food in Lomé. Having become waste after use, plastic packaging is not subject to special management. A categorization of waste at source will lead to efficient management for better sanitation in our cities.Keywords: Plastic packaging, street food, sanitation, urbanization, environment, Lome-Togo
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Folefack, Denis Pompidou, i Abdoulay Nsangou Njankouo. "Commerce alimentaire de proximité dans les rues de la ville de Douala: cas de la banane plantain mûre braisée vendue par les femmes". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, nr 2 (8.07.2022): 753–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i2.20.
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Cette étude analyse les logiques commerciales des femmes vendant la banane plantain mûre braisée dans de la ville de Douala. Des enquêtes structurées ont été réalisées auprès de 80 vendeurs. Des résultats montrent que l’activité est exercée par les femmes, dont l’âge moyen est 46 ans. Ces femmes sont mariées dans la majorité, ont un niveau d’instruction d’au moins le primaire. Dans les marchés, les femmes braisent plus le plantain demi mûr, soit près de 76%, contre seulement 21% de plantain mûr et enfin 10% de plantain non mûr. L’activité étant informelle les femmes vendent à 91% en bordure de rue. Le plantain braisé est vendu en doigt (97,5%) sous différentes tailles et les prix de vente connaissent des fortes fluctuations et variations saisonnières. L’activité est génératrice de revenus pour les femmes, ce qui contribue à leur autonomisation. Les femmes font face à des contraintes majeures à l’instar de : cherté du plantain dans les marchés, l’instabilité des prix, le manque d’un bon emplacement, etc. Une amélioration des conditions de travail, avec la modernisation des outils pourrait captiver les jeunes filles en chômage. Pour cela des jeunes startuppeuses sont interpellées à se pencher sur la question.
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Ferrand, Koffi Bouadi Arnaud, i Aloko-N'guessan Jérôme. "Etude D’un Espace Marchand Specialise Dans La Vente De Medicaments De La Rue: L’exemple Du Marche De Roxy A Adjame (Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, nr 5 (28.02.2017): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p388.
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This study which has been held on the Roxy market of Adjamé took place from November 2013 to October 2014. It is a transversal study with descriptive and analytical aim whose objective is to proceed to the description of the organization of the circuit of the informal sale of drugs in Abidjan. This article describes the socio-demographic characteristics of street drugs vendors before examining drug pricing methods. Documentary research, direct observation and interviews with vendors were the main techniques used to gatherg information. Our investigations show that the sale of drugs at Roxy is done at 95% by Ivorian women in majority and for the most part illiterate. Pricing is highly dependent on the place of supply of drugs: drugs with a marketing authorization are more expensive on the illicit market than drugs which do not have marketing authorization. In the category of drug products with a marketing authorization: syrups, out-of-stock drugs products in pharmacy and drug the delivery of which asks for time of wait of at least a day in pharmacy is more expensive on the illicit market.
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Bonnet, Véronique. "DES ROSIERS Joël, Théories caraïbes - Poétique du déracinement, Éd. Triptyque, 1996, 226 pages (en vente à la Librairie du Québec, 30, rue Gay Lussac, Paris)". Études littéraires africaines, nr 4 (1997): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042408ar.
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Capron, François, i Alice Tellier. "Neuville-aux-Bois (Loiret). La Rue verte". Archéologie médiévale, nr 48 (20.12.2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.16653.
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Koch, Jacky. "Rouffach (Haut-Rhin). Rue aux Quatre Vents". Archéologie médiévale, nr 39 (1.12.2009): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.20014.
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Hoogmoed, Marinus S. "Dubois, A. (1984): La nomenclature supragénérique des amphibiens anoures. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. N.S.A. Zool. 131: 1-64, 1 pl. Editions du Muséums, service de vente des publications, 38 Rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France. French francs 90.-". Amphibia-Reptilia 9, nr 3 (1988): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853888x00503.
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Brisset, Karine, François Cochard i François Maréchal. "L’impact économique du droit de préemption dans une procédure de vente". Revue française d'économie XXX, nr 2 (2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfe.152.0217.
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Golubovic, Leonardo, i Steven Knudsen. "Rotating Space Elevators: A New Venue in Space Elevator Physics". Applied Physics Research 9, nr 1 (31.12.2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n1p56.
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The physics of Space Elevators connecting the Earth with outer space has recently attracted increased attention, in part due to the discovery of ultra-strong materials such as carbon nanotubes and diamond nano-thread structures. In this article we review a new venue in space elevator physics: Rotating Space Elevators (RSE) [Golubovic, L. & Knudsen, S. (2009). Classical and statistical mechanics of celestial scale spinning strings: Rotating space elevators. Europhysics Letters 86(3), 34001.]. The RSE is a double rotating system of strings reaching outer space. Objects sliding along the RSE string (sliding climbers) do not require internal engines or propulsion to be transported far away from the Earth's surface. The RSE thus solves a major problem in the space elevator technology which is how to supply the energy to the climbers moving along the string. RSE strings exhibit interesting nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics phenomena. Satellites and spacecraft carried by sliding climbers can be released (launched) along RSEs. RSE strings can host space stations and research posts. Sliding climbers can be then used to transport useful loads and humans from the Earth to these outer space locations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vente de rue"
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Barros, Véronique de. "La femme et la vente d'artisanat alimentaire traditionnel dans la rue : étude comparative entre Recife, Brésil et Calcutta, Inde". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030014.
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Nous avons etudie la relation femme, en milieu populaire, le travail, a l'interieur du secteur dit "informel" et les phenomenes d'identite ainsi que les mentalites, ceci dans le cadre de la rue, en milieu urbain, dans les annees 1990, dans des villes aussi differentes que redife et calcutta. Pour envisager une conclusion, nous avons du faire appel a l'imaginaire individuel et collectif. C'est en effet l'imaginaire qui amene les vendeuses de recife a se sentir libres parce qu'elles travaillent dans la rue; cette derniere apparait comme lieu de fete, de distraction, comme un espace de rencontre ; l'informel renforce l'idee de ne pas avoir d'horaire et d'etre son propre patron, il n'est qu'un pretexte. A calcutta, ce meme imaginaire fait que les vendeuses se sentent prisonnieres a travailler dans la rue car, pour elles, le vrai role de la femme est de rester a la maisonDuring our research, we tried to know who were theses women, how they feel their conditions of life and which are their aspiration, how operate this micro society, which are the laws, the values, the rules ? neverless, history, society structure, mentalities, religions, backgrounds, values and cultures are diferent. These diferences are equaly interesting to study. So the main subjects we treated all about women, from popular environment and or lower castes are the following : - relation ship to their environment, their economical needs, inside the informal sector, - man woman relation ship and changing family, - cultural and mentalities phenomen. All time, we tried to show the diferences between individualism in brazil and importance of the community in india ; all time, we studied private and public life in recife and in calcutta. We arrived to the conclusion that the conceptions in the mind do brazilian feeling free when indian do not in the street
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Leboissetier, Léa. "The Pedlar, the Reformer and the Police. The Evolution and Regulation of Itinerant Trading in Britain (1860s-1940s)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0046.
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La période allant des années 1860 aux années 1940 est souvent associée à la disparition du colportage du fait de l’urbanisation des sociétés européennes et de l’essor des petits magasins. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité de travaux cherchant à relativiser ce déclin. Elle montre que le nombre de vendeurs itinérants ne décline pas avant les années 1930. Les colporteurs répondent à une demande multiforme, ne se résumant pas aux produits bon marché. L’essor du tourisme et l’urbanisation encouragent, en outre, la vente de rue. Le colportage participe donc du dynamisme commercial de la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine. Du point de vue de l’histoire du travail, la vente itinérante sert parfois de filet de sécurité aux travailleurs pauvres durant les périodes de chômage, s’insérant dans l’économie d’expédients des classes populaires. D’autres individus font de cette activité leur profession principale, et en tirent un bon profit, comme les credit drapers. Ce travail s’insère enfin dans l’histoire des migrations : le colportage est populaire chez les migrants saisonniers et est également une stratégie pour s’insérer sur le marché du travail britannique en vue d’une installation permanente. La thèse étudie ensuite la régulation et l’encadrement policier du colportage. Elle contribue ainsi à l’histoire de la construction de l’Etat et des politiques publiques. Les autorités britanniques tentent à la fois d’encourager et de contrôler la vente itinérante. Elle est vue comme alternative à l’assistance publique par les Libéraux de la fin du XIXe siècle, mais est également perçue comme un danger potentiel, car elle est souvent comparée au vagabondage. Au niveau municipal, l’idée que le colportage doit être un filet de sécurité pour les pauvres est controversée : les problèmes de compétition, de travail des enfants, les soucis d’hygiène ou d’obstructions des voies publiques poussent les autorités locales à l’encadrer. La peur du vagabondage disparaît après 1914. Cependant, la Grande-Bretagne opère un tournant protectionniste et adopte des lois anti-migratoires. Si, au niveau local, l’encadrement des colporteurs se fait de plus en plus strict, les lois nationales du XIXe siècle deviennent anachroniques, notamment face à la diffusion de nouveaux moyens de transport. La Seconde Guerre mondiale vient enfin refondre cet appareil législatif dans le cadre d’une économie contrôlée par l’État. Après 1945, l’idéal du colportage servant de filet de sécurité aux travailleurs pauvres a quasiment disparu. Cette thèse dégage les grandes lignes de l’évolution du colportage et de sa régulation. Elle fait un panorama des différents groupes s’y adonnant et porte une attention particulière aux catégories de genre, aux processus de racialisation et aux conditions socio-économiques des individus. Un panel de sources varié est mobilisé: sources administratives et policières, presse, recensement, mais aussi sources généalogiques, sources publiées et autobiographiesThe 1860s–1940s period is often described as being marked by the decline of town-to-town and doorstep trading, primarily due to the proliferation of small shops and urbanisation. I challenge this narrative by contributing to three distinct research fields. First, commercial history: I demonstrate that the number of itinerant traders did not substantially decrease in Britain before the mid-1930s. Pedlars and hawkers continued to meet a diverse consumer demand that extended beyond a simple need for inexpensive, low-quality goods. They remained popular in the countryside and in small towns. The rise of tourism and urbanisation contributed to the expansion of street trading in Britain, underscoring the integral role of itinerant trading in the nation's commercial dynamism. This dissertation also contributes to labour history: itinerant trading served as a safety net for poor labourers during periods of unemployment. Itinerant trading was thus part of the working classes' makeshift economy. For other traders, such as credit drapers, it represented a profitable and long-term career choice. Finally, this dissertation adds to migration history: peddling and hawking were popular among seasonal migrants and often served as entry-level occupations for those seeking to settle more permanently in Britain. The dissertation also contributes to the history of policing, public policies, and public assistance. British authorities aimed to both encourage and control itinerant trading. In the 1870s, Liberals viewed this activity as a good alternative to poor relief. However, it was also seen as problematic, as many reformers and police officers associated peddling with vagrancy. Within local governance, its role of a 'self-help' occupation was contentious. Issues such as commercial competition, child labour, hygiene, and obstruction of public highways led local authorities to impose restrictions on this activity. After 1914, concerns about vagrancy declined, but Britain implemented protectionist and anti-migration policies. A growing number of bye-laws was passed to regulate itinerant trading during this period, but the general acts of the late nineteenth century became increasingly outdated, particularly with the emergence of new modes of transport. The Second World War prompted authorities to amend regulations concerning itinerant traders of rationed commodities. After the war, the ideal of peddling serving as a safety-net for the poor disappeared from public discourse. This dissertation provides an overview of the evolution of itinerant trading and of its regulation in a period of urbanisation, industrialisation, and globalisation. It explores the various groups involved in this activity, with particular attention to gender, racialisation processes, and the socio-economic backgrounds of individuals. It rests on a variety of sources, including administrative and police records, the press, census returns, published sources, and ego-documents
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Bozonnet, Emmanuel. "Impact des microclimats urbains sur la demande énergétique des bâtiments - Cas de la rue canyon". Phd thesis, Université de la Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011115.
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Les systèmes de conditionnement des ambiances intérieures participent pour une part importante à la demande énergétique des bâtiments, notamment en été. L'objectif de cette étude est de définir par des simulations thermoaérauliques l'interaction du microclimat urbain avec le bâti et sa demande énergéti-que de climatisation dans le cas d'une rue canyon.Le modèle choisi, de type zonal, nous permet de décrire les paramètres de température et de vitesse d'air dans la rue, avec un degré de précision intermédiaire entre la modélisation CFD fine et les appro-ches nodales simplifiées. L'ensoleillement et les inter-réflexions dans la rue sont ensuite modélisés par une méthode simplifiée, développée et appliquée à l'étude de la convection naturelle dans une rue. Les écoulements dominants dus au vent sont par ailleurs étudiés à partir de données expérimentales, sur la base desquelles un modèle simplifié est proposé, en conditions isothermes. Le couplage des effets du vent et de la convection naturelle a été étudié dans le cas d'une rue canyon sur 28 jours. Nous concluons sur l'importance de la modélisation thermoaéraulique pour la détermination de l'effet d'îlot de chaleur urbain, ainsi que la demande énergétique des bâtiments.
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Schoeman, Retha. "Skryf as terapie by twee vertellers uit 'n postkoloniale bestel : 'n vergelykende studie van Een vlek op de rug deur J. van de Walle en Eben Venter se Foxtrot van die vleiseters". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52453.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A comparative study between a Dutch postcolonial novel, Een vlek op de rug (1963) by J. van de Walle and an Afrikaans post-apartheid novel, Foxtrot van die Vleiseters (1993) by Eben Venter, produces fascinating results. Despite dissimilarities, e.g. the almost thirty years that separate these two texts and the fact that the stories take place in different centuries on different continents, there is an unmistakable unity of intention that binds them together. The similarities are most clearly seen in the criticism of two discriminatory policies, namely that of colonialism and apartheid (which can also be seen as a form of colonialism) respectively. In both novels the narrator attempts to come to terms with the past and his own feelings of guilt. Both narrators write from a socio-politically advantaged position with on the one hand mixed feelings of empathy with the suppressed other and problematic identification with their own group on the other hand. This study investigates ways in which these feelings of guilt manifest and how the storyteller deals with his conflicting emotions through the therapeutic process of telling the story.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Vergelykende studie tussen ’n Nederlandse postkoloniale roman, Een vlek op de rug (1963) deur J. van de Walle en ’n Afrikaanse post-apartheid roman Foxtrot van die Vleiseters (1993) deur Eben Venter, lewer boeiende resultate. Ten spyte van verskille soos die tydsgaping van 30 jaar tussen die verskyning van die twee romans en die feit dat die verhale afspeel op twee verskillende kontinente, in twee verskillende eeue, is daar tog sterk ooreenkomste wat ’n vergelykende studie tussen hierdie twee tekste sinvol maak. Die parallel is daarin gelee dat beide romans kritiek wil lewer op ’n onderdrukkende sisteem, hetsy kolonialisme of apartheid (wat ook gesien kan word as ’n vorm van kolonialisme). Die vertellers in beide verhale probeer om, vanuit ’n posisie van sosio-politiese bevoorregting, skuldgevoelens oor die verlede te verwerk. In beide gevalle vertoon die verteller empatie met die onderdrukte ander, maar ’n onoorbrugbare afstand bly enersyds bestaan. Andersyds is daar sprake van ’n problematiese identifisering met die eie groep omdal die verteller homself nie ten voile met hulle kan assosieer nie. In hierdie studie word onder meer aandag bestee aan die wyse waarop hierdie konflikterende skuldgevoelens na vore kom en hoe die onderskeie vertellers probeer om ’n mate van terapie te verkry deur middel van die vertelling.
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Quost, Xavier. "Modélisation de l'effet du vent sur les trains à grande vitesse. : Une étude dynamique et stochastiqe appliquée au risque de renversement". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/xquost.pdf.
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L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude du renversement des trains à grande vitesse soumis à des forts vents latéraux. Pour simuler le phénomène deux axes de recherche ont été dégagés. Le premier axe traite de la mécanique du contact roue-rail et de la mécanique des solides et des liaisons en grands déplacements. Cet axe a donné lieu à l'incorporation du modèle de contact roue-rail STRIPES dans un modèle dynamique de véhicule écrit pour l'occasion. Au terme de cette modélisation, la cinématique de soulèvement de l'essieu a été approfondie et un critère global comprenant le déchargement et le soulèvement de l'essieu a été proposé. Le deuxième axe de recherche traite de la modélisation de la turbulence vue pas un véhicule en mouvement. En se basant sur la modélisation de la turbulence de Von Karman et en appliquant les travaux de Cooper, une formulation de la turbulence vue du train a été proposée. Cette formulation se prête bien aux calculs de sensibilité des véhicules par une méthode de Monte-Carlo. Avec une méthode de tir adaptée et un nombre contrôlé de simulation, la courbe de sécuritée vis-à-vis du renversement construite, les apports de cette méthode par rapport aux pratiques existants sont analysés et l'origine des différences est discutéeThe aim of this thesis is the study of the rollover of the high-speed trains subjected to strong lateral winds. To simulate this phenomenon research was carried out following two axes. The first axis deals with wheel-rail contact mechanics, solids mechanic and suspension models featuring large displacements. The STRIPES wheel-rail contact model was incorporated into specailly developed software, which was assessed against existing classical railway multi-body software. As a conclusion of this mechanical study, the lift kinematics of a wheelset was computed and an innovating criteria for evaluating both unloading and wheel uplift is submitted. The second research axis deals with modeling of the turbulence as seen by a moving vehicle. From Von Karman turbulence modeling and thanks to Cooper works a formulation of turbulence as seen by the train was proposed. This formulation is suitable for the study of vehicle sensitivity to strong wind by Monte-Carlo simulations. With an appropriate method of wind field generation, vehicle safety curve is computed. Differences with standard mehods are analyzed and discussed
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Peyrard, Pierre-François. "Méthodes numériques pour les équations de la magnétohydrodynamique multidimensionnelles : application aux plasmas spatiaux". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0008.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à la résolution numérique des équations de la magnétohydrodynamique en vue de modéliser l'interaction du vent solaire avec des comètes ou des planètes non magnétisées. L'étude de ce type d'interaction passe par la prise en compte de certains phénomènes physiques, notamment des interactions onde-particule. Ces processus sont modélisés au niveau microscopique de l'équation de Boltzmann par des opérateurs de collisions de type BGK. Des analyses asymptotiques ont été menées à divers échelles et permettent d'obtenir des systèmes d'équations sur les quantités macroscopiques du plasma étudié. Sous certaines hypothèses, on retrouve le système 1 fluide de la MHD. Un code numérique, pour la résolution du système hyperbolique des équations multi-dimensionnelles de la MHD idéale, de type volumes finis a été développé et s'applique à des maillages triangulaires (en 2D) et tétraédriques (en 3D) destructurés. Notre schéma vérifie une propriété de consistance faible avec la condition de divergence nulle du champ magnétique. Une nouvelle classe de solveurs de Riemann appelés "schémas polynomiaux décentrés" est développée. Divers cas tests ont permis de montrer leur efficacité. Une procédure de raffinement automatique de maillage a été implémentée et testée avec succès sur des cas de captures de choc stationnaires. Des prmeiers résultats 3D de l'interaction vent solaire-comète sont présentés.
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Peres, Martin. "A holistic approach to green networking in wireless networks : collaboration among autonomic systems as a mean towards efficient resource-sharing". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0433/document.
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Les vingt dernières années ont vu l’émergence de systèmes sans fil dans la vie de tous les jours. Ils ont rendu possible la création de technologies telles que les téléphones portables, le WiFi ou l’internet mobile qui sont maintenant tenus pour acquis dans la société actuelle. L’impact environnemental des technologies de l’information et des communications connaît une croissance exponentielle et a atteint l’impact de l’industrie du transport aérien. L’initiative d’informatique verte a été lancée en réponse à cette observation pour réduire de 15 à 30% les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en 2020 comparé aux prédictions faites en 2002 afin de garder le réchauffement climatique inférieur à 2°C. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié des techniques d’économie d’énergie dans les réseaux sans fil et comment elles interagissent entre elles afin de donner une vue holistique des réseaux verts. Nous prenons également en compte l’usage du spectre radio fréquence qui est le moyen le plus utilisé pour les communications entre systèmes sans fil et qui devient une ressource rare à cause du besoin grandissant de notre société pour de la bande passante en mobilité. Cette thèse suit les couches réseaux avant de remonter les piles matérielleset logicielles. Des contributions ont été apportées à la plupart des couches afin de proposer un réseau sans fil autonome où les noeuds peuvent collaborer pour améliorer les performances du réseau, réduire de façon globale l’utilisation du spectre radio tout en limitant la consommation énergétique du réseauThe last twenty years saw the emergence of wireless systems in everyday’s life. They made possible technologies such as mobile phones, WiFi or mobile Internet which are now taken for granted in today’s society. The environmental impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been raising exponentially to equate the impact of the airline industry. The green computing initiative has been created in response to this observation in order to meet the 15%-30% reduction in green-house gases by 2020 compared to estimations made in 2002 to keep the global temperature increasebelow 2°C. In this thesis, we studied power-saving techniques in wireless networks and how they interact with each others to provide a holistic view of green networking. We also take into account the radio frequency resource which is the most commonly usedcommunication medium for wireless systems and is becoming a scarce resource due to our society’s ever-increasing need for mobile bandwidth. This thesis goes down the network stacks before going up the hardware and software stack. Contributions have been madeat most layers in order to propose an autonomic wireless network where nodes can work collaboratively to improve the network’s performance, globally reduce the radio frequency spectrum usage while also increasing their battery life
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Pigeon, Jonathan. "Un portrait du trafic de drogues fait par les membres de gangs de rue à Montréal". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4076.
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L’image qu’a la population du phénomène des gangs est fortement influencée par les médias. Les informations véhiculées par les journaux et par les canaux de nouvelles mettent généralement l’emphase sur les stéréotypes associés aux gangs et aux comportements de ces derniers. Ceci a pour conséquence de rehausser la crainte que développe la population à l’endroit des gangs de rue. Dans un contexte où le phénomène des gangs paraît devenu omniprésent dans nos quartiers, nos villes et représente une problématique en expansion dans plusieurs grandes villes du Québec et du Canada, une attention particulière portée au trafic de drogues fait par les membres de gangs de rue, reconnu par plusieurs comme la principale activité des gangs de rue, revêt sans nul doute un grand intérêt.
Obtenir la description la plus précise possible, faite par des membres ou d’ex-membres de gangs de rue, à partir de leurs connaissances concernant le trafic de drogues étant donné leur appartenance et leur implication dans les activités d’un gang de rue et, le cas échéant, le trafic de drogues effectué par ce dernier, représente l’objectif principal de la présente étude.
C’est par le biais d’entrevues avec les principaux concernés que le trafic de drogues fait par les membres de gangs est abordé. Au total, quinze entrevues semi-directives ont été réalisées auprès de membres et ex-membres de gangs de rue, tous – à une exception près - pris en charge au Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire.
Globalement, il ressort de cette étude qu’en plus du trafic de stupéfiants, les gangs ou les membres de gangs s’adonneraient à une délinquance polymorphe, le trafic étant rarement l’unique source de revenus du gang ou du membre. De plus, le trafic de stupéfiants ne serait pas une activité exclusive aux gangs de rue auxquels appartiennent les membres interviewés. Ainsi, même si l’on retrouve un certain nombre de membres participant à la vente comme activité structurée d’un gang, il est possible pour un membre d’effectuer de la vente de drogues de façon indépendante, tout en étant affilié à un gang de rue. Il appert que la plupart des interviewés font partie d’une clique, s’identifient à une couleur ou à un quartier, et s’approvisionnent en drogues auprès de membres plus âgés et hauts placés dans la structure des gangs de rue, que les répondants identifient comme étant les vétérans. En ce qui les concerne, les répondants signalent l’importance de gagner la confiance des plus haut placés s’ils souhaitent débuter et évoluer dans la vente de stupéfiants. Lorsque la confiance est présente et que le nouveau vendeur débute ses activités, soit il s’approprie un territoire, généralement à l’intérieur de son quartier, soit on lui fournit un endroit de vente où il peut « travailler ». La présence d’un membre de la famille déjà affilié à un gang paraît faciliter le processus d’accès des nouveaux à l’activité de trafic.
Lorsque les interviewés abordent l’aspect du territoire de vente, plusieurs dimensions viennent s’y greffer : la compétition, les conflits, les interactions avec les gangs ennemis et la violence, pour ne nommer que celles-là.
Les interviewés indiquent vendre une certaine variété de drogues, le cannabis et le crack représentant les deux drogues les plus couramment citées. La marge de profits varierait, entre autres, en fonction du type de drogue vendue, du quartier et des caractéristiques de la clientèle. Cette dernière, malgré qu’elle soit diversifiée, comporte une constante : les consommateurs dépendants sont, comme plusieurs interviewés l’ont mentionné, prêts à tout pour assurer leur consommation. Les consommateurs sont ordinairement des étudiants, des propriétaires de commerces, des employés de bars, des travailleurs de la construction, des itinérants, des prostitués, des fêtards, des voyageurs de passage à Montréal.
Les répondants dénotent également la présence de policiers, agents doubles, pouvant se présenter comme clients. Ceci étant, il leur apparaît essentiel de développer des habiletés permettant de détecter la présence policière et la distinguer des clients réguliers.
Côté consommation, les interviewés affirment se limiter presqu’essentiellement à l’alcool et au cannabis. Néanmoins, plusieurs avouent avoir consommé une grande variété d’intoxicants au cours de leur vie. Plusieurs signalent qu’une trop grande consommation nuit à la vente de stupéfiants.In a context where the gang phenomenon has become omnipresent in our neighbourhoods and represents a growing problem in several large cities in Quebec and Canada, paying particular attention to drug trafficking by members of street gangs is undoubtedly of great interest. The media strongly influences the image of gang phenomenon. As information conveyed by newspapers and news channels focus on the stereotypes associated with gangs and their behaviour, it enhances the fear that society has regarding street gangs. That being said, to shed light on gangs and their activities is an interest. We chose to focus on drug trafficking which is common in street gangs. The main objective of this research is to obtain the most accurate description and knowledge of drug trafficking from present and former street gang members related to their knowledge of drug trafficking as a result of their membership and their involvement in street gang activities. Drug trafficking is addressed through interviews with gang members. In total, fifteen semi-directive interviews were conducted among present and former gang members. All respondents but one were from the Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire. Overall, this study allows us to understand that in addition to drug trafficking, gangs or gang members indulge in polymorphic criminal activities; drug trafficking is rarely the sole source of income. Moreover, drug trafficking is not an activity exclusive to street gangs. Thus, even if a number of members are involved in drug sales as a structured gang activity, it is possible for a member to sell drugs on a freelance basis while being affiliated with a street gang. It appears that most respondents are part of a clique, identify a color or a district and buy drugs from older and higher ranked members that respondents identify as veterans. Regarding the veterans, respondents indicated the importance of being trusted by the highest ranked if they wish to evolve in the drug sales market. When trust is present and the new seller begins his activities, either he takes over a turf, usually within his area, or the veteran provides a place where the new seller can "work". The presence of a family member already affiliated to a gang seems to facilitate the process of access to new trafficking activities. There are several dimensions associated with the territory aspect according to the interviewees such as: competition, conflict, interactions with rival gangs and violence, to name a few. Members indicate selling a variety of drugs, cannabis and crack representing the two most commonly cited drugs. The profit margin varies among the type of drugs sold, the district and of customers’ characteristics. The customers, although diverse in nature, have something in common: addicted customers, as several interviewees have mentioned, are desperate to ensure their consumption. These are typically homeless, prostitutes, bars’ employees, partygoers and foreigners/ travellers. Respondents also indicate the presence of undercover police officers, which may arise as customers. Thus, it is essential to develop skills allowing them to distinguish the undercover police officers from regular customers. Regarding drug use, respondents assert themselves using mostly alcohol and cannabis. However, several admitted to having used a large variety of intoxicants during their lives.
Książki na temat "Vente de rue"
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Bossange, Morel & Cie., red. En vente chez Bossange, Morel & cie à Québec, 12, rue Buade, vis-a-vis le presbytère. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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Bossange, Morel & Cie., red. En vente chez Bossange, Morel & Cie à Québec, 12, rue Buade, vis-à-vis le presbytère. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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Barros, Véronique Durand De. La femme et la vente d'artisanat alimentaire traditionnel dans la rue: Étude comparative entre Récife, Brésil et Calcutta, Inde. Lille: A.N.R.T, Université de Lille III, 1994.
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(Firme), Louis Deschênes. Catalogue, vente à l'enchère par Ls. Deschenes d'une bibliothèque considérable comprenant plus de 1000 volumes: Vente à l'encan, vendredi, 10 avril 1896, dans mes salles, 60 rue St-Jean ... Ls. Deschênes, encanteur. [Québec?: s.n., 1994.
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J. Alf. St. Laurent & Cie. Catalogue: Immense vente de livres à l'encan par F. Alfred St. Laurent, lundi soir, 25 avril, et les soirs suivants, no. 156, rue St. Jean, la vente à 7 1/2 h. p.m. .. [Québec?: s.n.], 1994.
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(Firme), Louis Deschênes. Encore une vente de livres, Salles Deschênes, 60 rue St-Jean, catalogue d'une bibliothèque considérable, environ 1,000 volumes: Vente le 3 juin 1896 à 7.30 p.m., commandes par la malle exécutées avec soin ... positivement la dernière vente de livres de la saison, Ls. Deschênes, encanteur. [Québec?: s.n., 1994.
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Lemieux, Gale & Cie. i Lemieux, Gale & Cie. Catalogue: Vente à l'enchère d'une bibliothèque de livres pour la plupart rares et précieux, 2,000 volumes ... vendredi le 1er févr. 1895 aux salles Lemieux, Gale et Cie, 263, rue Saint Jean, Québec. [Québec?: s.n.], 1992.
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Oct. Lemieux & Cie. Encan de livres: Vente à l'encan par Oct. Lemieux & Cie d'une bibliothèque appartenant à une succesion à notre salle d'encan, 253 rue et faubourg Saint-Jean, Québec, samedi soir, le 30 juin. [Québec?: s.n., 1994.
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(Firme), Louis Deschênes. Catalogue: Vente à l'enchère par Ls. Deschenes d'une bibliothèque considérable comprenant plus de 1,200 volumes y compris la collection complète de "American cyclopædia" (Appleton), 26 beaux volumes reliés en veau : la vente aura lieu mardi le 5 nov. 1895 au magasin de MM. J.A. Lynch et Cie, rue St-Jean, H-V ... Ls. Deschênes, encanteur. [Québec?: s.n., 1994.
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Cie, Oct Lemieux &. Vente à l'encan de la bibliothèque de feu Gilbert Honoré Larue, avocat: 3,000 volumes : Droit canadien, anglais, français et américain, dictionnaires, ... vendredi, le 10 décembre 1886, à nos salles d'encan 253, rue et Faubourg St. Jean, Québec. [Québec?: s.n., 1993.
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Sigurðardóttir, Ingibjörg. "Segmentation, marketing, venue selection and competitiveness of events." W Humans, horses and events management, 74–87. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0074.
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Abstract Competitiveness of events is not a widely researched topic. As with destinations, countries, industries and businesses, competitiveness is highly relevant to events and their development. A number of factors affect the competitiveness of events, including segmentation, targeting, marketing, information flow and venue selection. This chapter focuses on identifying the target groups of the national championship of the Icelandic horse - Landsmót - and how the competitiveness of the event can be enhanced. The research included data from an on-site survey among visitors at Landsmót 2016 and online surveys among visitors following the 2014, 2016 and 2018 events. A total of 2729 responses was used for analysis. Findings indicated that, despite common interest in the Icelandic horse, the visitors to Landsmót have different expectations and needs. Accessible information, good facilities and a carefully planned programme are of importance for the competitiveness of the event. Taking care of repeat visitors and attracting new visitors are both important for the event. Finally, it is concluded that selection of two main venues, one in the rural north and another in the urban south, is most likely to meet the requirements of the current target market and to maximize the competitiveness of the event in the long run.
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Chaves Martín, Miguel Ángel. "Metropoliz, ciudad mestiza. Arte, ocupación y autogestión en la periferia de Roma". W Cultura (audio)visual y espacios públicos: (re)inventando la Ciudad, 113–24. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/ebooks.853.
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Durante los últimos veinte años tanto las administraciones (local, regional y nacional) como la iniciativa privada se han implicado en un proceso de regeneración de áreas urbanas en la periferia de Roma creando o rehabilitando espacios, muchos de ellos de carácter industrial y en estado de abandono, fomentando experiencias innovadoras de carácter cultural que implicaran también a la población, a la ciudadanía, en la participación, uso y apropiación de esos lugares, buscando la identidad con el territorio fruto de la cooperación entre todos los agentes implicados: instituciones, asociaciones y ciudadanos. La reutilización de los inmuebles con fines culturales ha fomentado también las prácticas colaborativas y los espacios autogestionados como forma singular y operativa de revitalización urbana. Entre los ejemplos más significativos de estas actuaciones se localiza el proyecto M.A.A.M de Roma, Museo del Altro e del’Altrove di Metropoliz città meticcia en un insólito caso de museo habitado.
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Tamura, Sílvio Takeshi. "Descalça na rua, cabelos ao vento". W Antologia poética. V&V Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47247/ap/88471.69.2.14.
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Li, Bo’xin, Károly Németh, Julie Palmer, Alan Palmer, Vladyslav Zakharovskyi i Ilmars Gravis. "Eruption Scenario Builder Based on the most Recent Fissure-Feed Lava-Producing Eruptions of the Arxan-Chaihe Volcanic Field (ACVF), NE China". W Updates in Volcanology - Linking Active Volcanism and the Geological Record [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109908.
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Fissure eruption is the most prominent type of Pleistocene to Holocene volcanism in Arxan-Chaihe Volcanic Field recording vent migration along fissures. This research is examined Sentinel Satellite Images to outline the youngest lava flows in the region in conjunction with field observations. Also, GIS-based analyses were performed with the aim to calculate the volumes of lava flows to determine the length of the lava flow emissions. Topographic cross sections and various geomorphological parameters (e.g., geomorphon and topographic position index) were used to reconstruct the pre-eruptive geomorphology of the region to simulate lava flow inundation using Q-LAVHA plug in the QGIS package. Pre-eruptive topography was created, and various simulations were used to obtain the best-fit lava inundation. This process yielded to estimate an average of 5 m lava flow thickness. The same parameters of the lava flow simulations were used to run on the post-eruptive topography to simulate future lava flow inundation. Results showed that the lava flows best simulate if they emitted along a NE–SE trending fissure between two young vent zones or in an extensive elongated area following the NW–SE trending valley axis initiated from the Yanshan vents.
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Liston, Noelle Molé. "Conclusion". W The Truth Society, 142–64. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750786.003.0007.
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This chapter recounts the emergence of the Five Star Movement and its dependence on algorithmic technologies. It discusses the venue of knowing the world and knowledge of the self as it is once more firmly and singularly rooted in the human corporeal self and shifted toward mathematical algorithms and computers. It describes living in a world in which knowledge is not just run through algorithms but also customized to the individual shape of what the world is about and who should rule it. The chapter speculates what the new material infrastructures of knowledge mean for democratic governance in an age dominated by highly sophisticated but indecipherable and invisible forms of intelligence. It elaborates how the mirror in the 2018 film I Exist serves as a kind of double illusion as it is considered a fake religion icon that is created for someone else's financial gain, not individual enlightenment.
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Blakeman, Edward. "The Conservatoire and After". W Taffanel, 16–24. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170986.003.0003.
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Abstract The Paris Conservatoire as Saint-Saëns remembered it from his student days in the late 1840s was essentially the same when Taffanel arrived a decade or so later. Its foundation dated from 1795, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, when it had the joint aims of training singers for the Paris Opéra and military musicians for the army. The general scope had widened considerably by 1860, but the fundamental distinction between military and civil students still remained, although they were not segregated. The Conservatoire on its original site at the intersection of the faubourg Poissonnière and the rue Bergère in the ninth arrondissement was chiefly noted for the superb acoustics of its concert hall — the venue for the annual examinations and the home of the orchestra of the Société des concerts du Conservatoire.
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Veintimilla Ruiz, Jirma, Danny Deivis Totoy Cañizares, María José Herrera Bartelotti i Jorge Raúl Bautista Plaza. "Fortalecimiento de las asociaciones y MiPymes de Cotopaxi mediante elementos clave de la administración". W II Congreso Internacional de Vinculación con la Sociedad: Impactos, enseñanzas y aprendizajes en el contexto covid y poscovid de las IES-2022, 310–17. Rimana Editorial, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59602/re.2.23.
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marco del desarrollo de la investigación científica de las instituciones de educación superior (IES), se considera como vinculación con la sociedad a las actividades de divulgación científica, aportes a la mejora y actualización de los planes de desarrollo local, regional y nacional, y la transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología. Con este preámbulo, la maestría de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, en conjunto con los estudiantes de las cohortes 2021 y 2022, ejecutaron varias actividades de vinculación, con el objetivo de fortalecer a las asociaciones y MiPymes de Cotopaxi mediante los elementos clave de la administración. Para esto, se realizó el diagnóstico situacional de las organizaciones, a través de entrevistas a los representantes, en las que se pudieron determinar las fortalezas y debilidades en el campo organizacional de 15 asociaciones y 12 emprendimientos beneficiarios del proyecto. En el diagnóstico, las debilidades en común de los beneficiarios fue la falta de apoyo para la comercialización y venta del producto, el posicionamiento de la marca y la falta de capacitación para la innovación de sus productos. Una vez identificadas las necesidades, los maestrantes aplicaron las fases de la administración: en la primera fase, planificaron actividades que se deben ejecutar, para solventar esas necesidades en conjunto con los estudiantes de la carrera de Diseño Gráfico. En este sentido, organizaron recursos necesarios para implementar soluciones, dirigieron las actividades a desarrollar para el fortalecimiento de estas organizaciones y, por último, controlaron los resultados obtenidos para la implementación en las organizaciones. Entre los productos académicos se elaboraron manuales de marca, capacitaciones en el manejo de redes sociales y e-commerce, capacitaciones en innovación y creatividad, modelos de negocios Canvas. De esta manera, los maestrantes de las cohortes 2021 y 2022 lograron transferir sus conocimientos, para impulsar el desarrollo de las Asociaciones y MiPymes de Cotopaxi.
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Wells, Christi Jay. "Dancing Every Note". W Between Beats, 205–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197559277.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses emerges from the author’s experiences dancing at Jazz 966, a weekly “jazz club” night held at the Grace Agard Harewood Neighborhood Senior Center in the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. For over twenty-five years, Jazz 966 has run as a weekly venue featuring jazz musicians with strong local, national, and international reputations. At Jazz 966, performers play music rooted in a broad array of post–Swing Era jazz styles including bebop, hard bop, and various forms of Latin jazz while the club has an active dance floor with audience members dancing socially to nearly every song. The club’s dancing patrons reveal the significance of dancing as a form of rigorous, participatory, and sensitive listening where those regarded as the best dancers express in their movement a subtle yet virtuosic musicality legible to other attendees who can see the ways they “dance every note.” Like the venue that houses it, Jazz 966 is integrated into the neighborhood’s community-based nonprofit infrastructure, yet this venue and the community center housing it are facing the same pressures of gentrification and rising property costs that more broadly threaten the social and cultural infrastructure of Black communities in Central Brooklyn. While self-consciously offering an alternative to a problematically romanticized “dying breed” narrative, this case study does emphasize the idea of precarity to articulate resonances between the discursive policing and erasure Black bodies face within jazz historical narratives as well as Black communities’ ongoing fight for sustained access to community spaces in which to move freely and to be corporeally present with jazz music.
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Lau, Dorothy Wai Sim. "‘Friending’ Jet Li on Facebook: the celebrity-philanthropist persona in online social networks". W Chinese Stardom in Participatory Cyberculture, 84–106. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430333.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates Jet Li’s celebrity-philanthropist personality in online social networks. The discussion emphasises on a Facebook fan page named under Jet Li, presumably is run by the actor to promote not only his movie but, more noticeably, his charity The One Foundation. It argues that his charity has a slogan, ‘One Foundation, One Family,’ evoking a world community in which human compassion and decency should extend to everyone, undermining the ‘Chinese’ element and bespeak a kind of ‘world’ awareness. As this chapter pursues to explain, the star presence in the cyber-network becomes a venue for the possible philanthropic mobilisation, displaying ambivalence of the notion of Chineseness.
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Deamer, David W. "Hydrothermal Conditions are Conducive for the Origin of Life". W Assembling Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646387.003.0008.
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Alexander Ivanovich Oparin was first to consider the origin of life in strictly scientific terms. Oparin published The Origin of Life in 1924, in his native Russian language, and was active in the field for the next 50 years. During my initial field work in the volcanic regions of Kamchatka, organized with Vladimir Kompanichenko, we visited the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in Petropavlovsk, and I happened to see the above quote painted on a wall near the entrance. Oparin’s proposal about how life can begin was intuitive because he had no experimental evidence as a foundation, but as our party rode in helicopters up and down the peninsula from one volcanic site to the next, I began to share his intuition. The focus of this chapter concerns the properties of water in contact with mineral surfaces heated by volcanism, inspired by what we saw in Kamchatka. Four billion years ago, as the global temperature decreased following the condensation of the ocean, there came a point at which the components required for the origin of life could assemble into systems of encapsulated polymers. Two alternative hydrothermal conditions have been proposed as sites where this could have occurred: salty seawater at submarine hydrothermal vents and freshwater circulating in hydrothermal fields associated with volcanic land masses. To weigh the alternatives, this chapter considers the chemical and physical properties of hydrothermal vents and hydrothermal fields and how each could contribute to the origin of cellular life. Questions to be addressed: What are the chemical and physical properties of hydrothermal vents? How do the properties of hydrothermal fields differ from those of vents? How are these properties related to the way that organic solutes can undergo physical and chemical interactions related to the origin of life? Suppose that an organic chemist decides to synthesize a new compound that involves making an ester bond. The chemist is provided with a solution of the two reactants such as acetic acid and ethanol, and then is given a choice: should the reaction be run in an ice bath or instead heated to boiling and refluxed?
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Vente de rue"
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Garceau, Sean, Amar Jawalkar, Ryan McKennon, Christopher Moffatt, Anthony Pocengal i Michella Thomas. "Methane Emissions Reduction Solutions: Product Development and Standardization". W ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15758.
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Abstract The Oil & Gas industry and environmental agencies around the world are working to find solutions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A comprehensive study by the US EPA found that emissions from compressor stations, blow down and purge, accounted for 97.7 Bscf or just over 31% of the total methane emissions attributed to the Natural Gas industry. [1] With methane (CH4) having 25 times the impact on global warming compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), and global legislation like the Regulations Respecting Reduction in the Release of Methane and Certain Volatile Organic Compounds Upstream Oil and Gas Sector (or also called Canadian Methane Rule) and regional methane reduction regulations, developing solutions to further mitigate methane emissions from process gas vents and centrifugal gas compressor seals becomes necessary as the industry moves towards near-zero targets. This paper addresses the design requirements and selection of a process gas vent recapture system and primary dry seal vent recapture system. In addition, this paper will review the design consideration during the design phase to the data collected during site operation.
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Griffin, John, Richard Bean i Randy Hiebert. "Biomineralization – A New Solution for Surface Casing Vent Flow". W SPE Thermal Well Integrity and Production Symposium. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217422-ms.
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Abstract A new solution to the increasingly important issue of surface casing vent flow (SCVF), a biocementation process involving the squeezing of biomineralizing fluids was utilized on a Canadian well. Initially developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose of sealing leaks in carbon sequestration wells, this technology has been utilized in over 100 oil and gas wells across the United States and Canada to seal and repair damaged cement, restore wellbore integrity, and prevent the unwanted flow of hydrocarbons up the production and surface casing annular. The following paper represents a case study detailing a risk-based approach and field deployment assessing the technology's effectiveness on a well in Alberta. Abandonment operations which began on a well in Alberta, Canada in 2020 consisted of a series of zonal isolation plugs and cement retainer squeezes to eliminate surface casing vent flow. In March of 2023, with the vent flow still persistent at approximately 1 m3/day with 154 kPa build pressure, nonroutine abandonment operations began. The two previous cement retainer squeezes were drilled out down to the Mannville formation so new logs could be run. Biomineralization was identified as a viable solution to address SCVF on the well after initial analysis of the well indicated the presence of small aperture channels in the cemented annulus. In July 2023, the well was prepared for an annular squeeze utilizing biomineralization technology, and treatment commenced. Biomineralizing fluids were injected in intervals over the course of 48 hours, reducing injectivity by forming crystalline calcium carbonate, which has a similar chemical composition to limestone, to seal leakage pathways and eliminate gas flow. Over the course of treatment, 219 L of biomineralizing fluids were pushed into leakage pathways, with the injection rate reduced from 0.776 lpm to 0.026 lpm, constituting a 97% reduction. The injection rates, pressures, and total volumes at the conclusion of treatment indicated successful sealing of micron-sized channels. Vent monitoring technology confirmed this via a steady reduction in flow over the course of treatment, and the total elimination of flow and bubbles at surface just seven days later. Biomineralization technology has been used as a solution for sealing and repairing micro annuli and other channels in annular cement by several operators to eliminate surface casing vent flow in Canada.
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Badrawy, Kareem, Nestor Molero, Mona Kewan, Seif Seoudi, Alaa ElKaragy, Roshdy Shalaby, Ahmed Desouky i Hedi Slama. "A Cost-Effective Through-Tubing Gravel Pack Rigless Installation via Intelligent Coiled Tubing". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211583-ms.
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Abstract Sand production is deemed one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry. Additional surface equipment is needed to handle the sand returns, bringing on additional costs and disposal difficulties. In addition, among the most common setbacks of sand production is the increased risk of damage to the well jewelry and accessories. For wells that start sand production at a later stage, conventional gravel packing with a workover rig is one of the preferred methods to alleviate the problem. However, availability of workover rigs and project economics have driven operators and service companies in Egypt to explore alternative and cost-effective options. The novel approach consisted of a rigless intervention aimed to recomplete the well with a through-tubing gravel pack (TTGP) deployed via coiled tubing (CT) equipped with real-time downhole telemetry. The array of bottomhole measurements, annulus temperature, CT annulus pressure, CT internal pressure, casing collar locator (CCL), and axial forces, was leveraged to ensure precise depth correlation and optimal use of the bottomhole assembly and make informed decisions based on the actual downhole dynamics. A high-pressure rotary jetting tool was used in the first CT run to clean out the wellbore and condition the tubulars across the planned anchoring depth for TTGP components. The candidate well is a vertical gas producer completed with 4 1/2-in. tubing and 4 1/2-in. liner. After the wellbore was conditioned using a high-pressure rotary jetting tool, a sump packer was hydraulically set below the perforations in the second CT run. In the following run, a 200-ft vent screen assembly was connected and then hydraulically set inside the sump packer. The CT string was retrieved to surface upon confirmation of proper setting of the vent screen assembly, and the gravel pack slurry was bullheaded from surface. Excess sand was removed in the fourth CT run, followed by retrieval of the vent plug from the top of the screen assembly. An upper packer was connected to the screen assembly in the next CT run, and then hydraulically set in the 4 1/2-in. liner. Finally, the well was kicked off using nitrogen and then evaluated using a complete surface testing package. The target production rate of 11 MMscf/D was achieved, which represented a 55% improvement with zero sand production on surface. Now with over 2 years of production, the well is producing an average of 10 MMscf/D and maintaining zero sand production. This enhanced TTGP conveyance approach represents an effective and economic solution to remediate wells compromised by sand production where conventional workover rig methods challenge economics. This technique greatly relies on CT real-time downhole measurements, and operators from the Middle East and across the globe can benefit from the experience gained in Egypt from this project.
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Jimenez, Rafael, Sam Flores, Kris Romig i Eric Hurlbert. "Characterization of a Thermodynamic Vent System (TVS) for an On Orbit Cryogenic Reaction Control Engine (RCE) Feed System". W 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4553.
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Egan, V., D. Moore, D. Newport, V. Lacarac i B. Estebe. "An Analysis of Natural Convection in Leading Edge Wing Compartments". W ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56320.
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Enclosure natural convection has applications in many engineering disciplines such as electronic component cooling, building ventilation and heating, and renewable energy systems such as solar collectors. To date there has been little research on its application in the aeronautical industry where it plays an important role in aircraft heat transfer. Standard civil aircraft comprise of a number of vented and non-vented compartments. One such compartment is the leading edge which houses the main aircraft bleed duct and several electronic devices. Natural convection heat transfer in the leading edge compartment is important during aircraft turn around while systems are running and the exterior of the aircraft is subjected to solar loading. The objective of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer in a leading edge. The effect of an internal heat generating source, a bleed duct, is also investigated. A dimensional analysis of the governing equations is carried out to determine the appropriate scaling groups for the natural convection cases and a numerical simulation is run on a commercial CFD package. The numerical results are compared with experimental measurements obtained from a leading edge test facility. The effect of bleed duct placement is also investigated both experimentally and numerically with good agreement achieved. It was found that bleed duct placement can have a significant effect on the overall temperature distribution within a leading edge compartment. The results provide a basis for the optimisation of natural convection in such aircraft wing compartments.
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Wen, Jiming, Haifeng Gu, Qiunan Sun, Zhongning Sun, Yanmin Zhou i Yingzhi Li. "Bubble Formation Characteristic of Submerged Single-Hole Orifice in Inorganic Solution". W 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66901.
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Bubble column is regarded as a kind of wet filtration method. The solution used in filter containment vented system is composed of a large amount of inorganic salt including sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate. Solution with high inorganic salt concentration is more viscous and has stronger surface tension than distilled water. This property has significant effect on bubble size and bubble deformation during formation process. Besides bubble coalescent is suppressed with inorganic concentration increase. This phenomenon is found to possess influence on bubble formation regime when bubble formation regimes belong double, paring and injection regime. The existence of aerosol in solution is another factor that has obvious effect on bubble formation regime and the transition velocity between regimes. This paper apply high speed camera to study the influence rule of inorganic salt and aerosol concentration on bubble size during formation and formation regimes transition.
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Jiang, Wenbing, Zhongqi Zuo, Yonghua Huang, Peijie Sun i Peng Li. "Analysis on Thermal Design Concern of Vapor Cooled Shield for Cryogenic Tanks". W ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3439.
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Abstract In the long run, storage of cryogenic propellants on orbit is one of the most crucial technologies for future space exploration. Vapor cooled shield (VCS) has been considered as an effective tool to intercept heat leakage from the environment into the cryogenic tanks. In addition to that, reduce or even eliminate propellant boil-off. This scrutiny ascertains a 3D model to investigate the temperature distribution on VCS, and also conforms to the fact of temperature uniformity assumption in literature. The relationship amid the temperature distribution on VCS, the shield wall thickness, and the vented vapor’s mass flow rate is analyzed for series-type VCS and parallel-type VCS to clarify the existing temperature gradient on VCS and the way it influences the MLI’s insulation performance. The outcomes of the study could act as a beneficial tool for the thermal design of cryogenic VCS.
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Lowndes, Erik M., i J. W. David. "Development of an Intermediate Degree of Freedom Vehicle Dynamics Model for Optimal Design Studies". W ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1203.
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Abstract Today’s race teams spend a significant amount of time and money performing on-track testing of their vehicles in order to determine the best possible suspension configuration for a particular racing venue. The use of computer simulation coupled with optimal design techniques presents the opportunity to significantly reduce the amount of on-track testing required. Many of the existing vehicle simulation codes are not suitable for application to the optimal design problem, either because they incorporate too much detail and run too slowly, or because they lack sufficient detail. A new model that bridges the gap between these two existing classes of models and is suitable for performing optimal design has been developed. The vehicle model is fully three dimensional and nonlinear. A driver control algorithm was developed that is capable of driving the car near it’s handling limits. An attempt was made to optimize the suspension setup for the NCSU Legends race car.
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Pramana, Harris, Cio Cio Mario, Anang Nugrahanto, Arief Lukman Hakim, Ameria Eviany i Anom Seto Murtani. "Success Story of a Novel Completion Technology of Hybrid ESP-Gas Lift System Trial". W SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215394-ms.
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Abstract Selection of the most suitable production technologies; namely the type of lift to be used, to the design and implementation for well conditions has been one main responsibility of petroleum engineers. In an especially limited offshore field, not all methods are applicable as platform spaces, operating costs, and system reliability are needed to be considered. System reliability, for instance, entails well production profile to meet the acceptable operating range and to perform within specific run life to be rendered economic. Ujung Pangkah offshore field, located within Pangkah PSC Block off the northeastern coast of Java Island has been discovered in 1998 and carries on production since 2007. Having a typical gas cap with an oil rim, carbonate reservoir; Ujung Pangkah field has since been developed with commingle completion targeting both separated layers of oil zone and gas zone, utilizing only gas lift as its main artificial lift method. Concern for alternative lifting methods has arisen since 2019, due to the limitation of gas lift injection capacity that is no longer adequate for the current and future development wells at that time. Considering this challenge, Saka Energi Indonesia decided to perform ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump) trial on 2 wells. By design, the proposed completion will be of a hybrid ESP-Gas Lift, possessing both ESP components and typical gas lift components. ESP is decided to be the next artificial lift method to be applied because currently there are unused electric capacities from Gas Turbine Generators. To satisfy the acceptable range of ESP design criteria, both wells are equipped with AGH (Advanced Gas Handler)/Gas Separator, along with a gas vent line to produce this separated gas through the annulus. To fulfill the required dual-barrier-policy in offshore conditions, these wells are using specialized, feed-through-ESP hydraulic packer that enables ESP cable and gas vent line to be passed through. To ensure these wells reach the economic limit of ESP installation, this hybrid completion design is used; utilizing ESP as the main artificial lift and gas lift as a backup so that the well can still be produced with gas lift when ESP experiences failure. On the implementation side, the installation of ESP with backup gas lift on 2 wells has been successfully improving production, each up to 4.5 times and 1.5 times its previous oil rate pre-installation. Despite the first ESP being out of commission, ESP run life has been satisfied and the relative economic limit for the installation has been reached. In addition, the well can still be flowed with a backup gas lift system while waiting for pulling operation, which significantly extends the well run life and overall boosts the well's economic value.
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Ellefmo, Steinar Løve, Martin Ludvigsen i Erik Kristian Thon Frimanslund. "Full Cycle Resource Evaluation of SMS Deposits Along the Arctic Mid Ocean Ridge". W ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62525.
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Several hydrothermal vent sites have been discovered along the portion of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) inside the extended Norwegian continental shelf (NCS). Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits are associated with these hydrothermal vent sites. These deposits contain significant amounts of valuable metals, such as copper, zinc, gold, and silver. Loki’s Castle is one of the most promising sites along the AMOR, with two 20–30 m high and 100 m wide mound-shaped SMS deposits. It is located at a water depth of 2,400 m. A production system concept is proposed for a deep-sea mining operation at Loki’s Castle based on the Nautilus Minerals’ Solwara 1 project. The overall cost structure and design of the Nautilus’ concept is in this study regarded feasible in AMOR in spite of the difference between the operating environment for the two locations. As the only relevant operational experience is De Beers’ shallow-water diamond mining off the coast of South Africa and Namibia, most of the environmental criteria used are taken from offshore drilling. Based on the net operating time, and accounting for scheduled maintenance and waiting-on-weather time, an estimate for annual average production rate and an annual production volume are estimated. Significant downtime is expected in January and July. Significant uncertainties are associated with early phases of projects. Probabilistic cost, grade and price estimates allow dealing quantitatively with uncertainties by giving input variables as probability distributions. Monte Carlo simulations are in this study run for different sets of variables, and the resulting key performance indicators are given as distributions. This paper adapts and presents a methodology normally used to assess technological and economic feasibilities of oil and gas projects. The methodology is adapted to the assessment of deep-sea mining projects and is illustrated through the assessment of the case based on Loki’s Castle ore characteristics and technologies planned for the Solwara 1 project with a cost structure adjusted according to AMOR conditions. Costs for processing, refining, waste disposal and logistics after ore arrival at onshore port is not included. The ore uncertainties are huge and the resources are with the present deposit knowledge speculative. Therefore, this study do not attempt to define any reserves.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Vente de rue"
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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk i D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of the Goldenville horizon and associated rocks, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328990.
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The Goldenville horizon in the Baie Verte Peninsula is an important stratigraphic horizon that hosts primary (Cambrian to Ordovician) exhalative magnetite and pyrite and was a chemical trap for younger (Silurian to Devonian) orogenic gold mineralization. The horizon is overlain by basaltic flows and volcaniclastic rocks, is intercalated with variably coloured argillites and cherts, and underlain by mafic volcaniclastic rocks; the entire stratigraphy is cut by younger fine-grained mafic dykes and coarser gabbro. Lithogeochemical signatures of the Goldenville horizon allow it to be divided into high-Fe iron formation (HIF; >50% Fe2O3), low-Fe iron formation (LIF; 15-50% Fe2O3), and argillite with iron minerals (AIF; <15% Fe2O3). These variably Fe-rich rocks have Fe-Ti-Mn-Al systematics consistent with element derivation from varying mineral contributions from hydrothermal venting and ambient detrital sedimentation. Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare earth element (REE) signatures for the HIF samples have negative Ce anomalies and patterns similar to modern hydrothermal sediment deposited under oxygenated ocean conditions. The PAAS-normalized REE signatures of LIF samples have positive Ce anomalies, similar to hydrothermal sediment deposited under anoxic to sub-oxic conditions. The paradoxical Ce behaviour is potentially explained by the Mn geochemistry of the LIF samples. The LIF have elevated MnO contents (2.0-7.5 weight %), suggesting that Mn from hydrothermal fluids was oxidized in an oxygenated water column during hydrothermal venting, Mn-oxides then scavenged Ce from seawater, and these Mn-oxides were subsequently deposited in the hydrothermal sediment. The Mn-rich LIF samples with positive Ce anomalies are intercalated with HIF with negative Ce anomalies, both regionally and on a metre scale within drill holes. Thus, the LIF positive Ce anomaly signature may record extended and particle-specific scavenging rather than sub-oxic/redox-stratified marine conditions. Collectively, results suggest that the Cambro-Ordovician Taconic seaway along the Laurentian margin may have been completely or near-completely oxygenated at the time of Goldenville horizon deposition.
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Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, L. Cain i K. Malinowski. VI preferential pathways : rule or exception. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41305.
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Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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Biró, Aurél. A Budapesti IV. Kerületi Községi Gizella Királyné Leánygimnázium története. Budapest Főváros Levéltára, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56045/blm.2023.8.
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Szent István király felesége, a bajor származású Boldog Gizella kultuszával elsősorban Veszprém városában találkozunk, de Budapesten vannak hozzá kapcsolódó emlékek. Ennek egyik példájaként mutatjuk be a Gizella Királyné Leánygimnázium történetét. A belvárosi iskola Gizella tiszteletének erősítése céljából vette fel a királyné nevét 1922-ben. Az intézmény 1941-ben Budára költözött, majd 1949/1950-re a kommunista hatalom először a „Királyné”, ezután a „Gizella” nevet törölte az iskola nevéből.
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PR-312-10202-E01 Characterization of Natural Gas Pneumatic Device Types Vent Rates. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luty 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010554.
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For the onshore natural gas transmission compression and storage segments, natural gas pneumatic device venting is included as one of reportable sources required under Subpart W "Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems" of the GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule (MRR). In the natural gas transmission and storage industry, pneumatic devices are used to control process conditions such as temperature, pressure, flow and liquid level. A count and categorization into continuous high-, intermittent-, and continuous low-bleed pneumatic devices is required to calculate GHG emissions from pneumatic controllers. EPA has not specified a method to classify each pneumatic device, and Subpart W instructs reporters to "determine the type of pneumatic device using engineering estimates based on best available information." Thus, companies must determine which category is appropriate for each pneumatic device, and the device count must be updated annually. This report includes an introduction and background on the GHG Mandatory Reporting Rule (MRR) and pneumatic device source in Section 1. Section 2 provides a discussion of the project objectives and a discussion of the efforts to compile pneumatic device information. Section 3 provides a comparison of the default MRR GRI-EPA Tier 2 pneumatic device emission factors to other published rates. Section 4 explores pneumatic device types used in natural gas transmission and storage. Section 5 provides a summary of the Subpart W pneumatic device emission calculation methodology. Section 6 provides a summary of vendor survey results including the Excel calculation and device lookup tools. Sections 7 and 8 provide initial conclusions from the vendor survey and nomenclature and categorization issues, respectively. Section 8 also includes a discussion of factors that complicate classification and options to consider when resolving this for Subpart W reporting - and new complication associated with parallel definitions for Subpart OOOO control rule. The document includes a macro enabled spreadsheet that can be used to estimate emission rates from pneumatic controllers.