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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly i Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "Home Buyers’ and Vendors’ Behaviours: Analysis of Judicial Decisions". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, nr 6 (7.11.2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.962.
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This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decisions in Malaysia, Australia, and the United States. The decided cases illustrate that buyers are still indolent in their duty to conduct pre-purchase inspections, some vendors were seen to have actively concealed defects in the property and fraudulently misrepresented the conditions of the properties. This paper suggests consumer education for both the vendors and purchasers and the extension of the jurisdiction of either the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claims or the Tribunal for Consumer Claims to include matters regarding the dispute as to the condition of the property.
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Gibson, Nadine Suzanne. "Privatized Democracy: The Role of Election Services Vendors in the United States". American Politics Research 48, nr 6 (26.05.2020): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20920264.
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Election equipment in the United States is exclusively purchased from private-sector vendors. When a jurisdiction purchases voting equipment, it is actually purchasing the hardware and software along with a variety of services for the initial implementation and long-term maintenance and support of the system. Election services constitute roughly one third of county-level election expenditures. The results of logistic regression analyses estimating the likelihoods of county purchases of different election services from election services vendors suggest a relationship between purchasing decisions and county demographics, namely the size of the minority population. Localities in states with centralized contracting systems were also substantially more likely to purchase all forms of vendor services.
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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly i Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "Attitudes of Sub-Sale Home Buyers and Vendors in the 21st Century: Legal implications". Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, nr 13 (25.08.2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.156.
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This article analyses the legal implications of sub-sale house buyers and sellers' attitudes as illustrated in judicial cases from Malaysia, Australia and the United States. The cases demonstrate that purchasers still sleep on their legal duty to conduct a pre-purchase inspection. On the other hand, vendors often conceal the defects in the property and refuse to rectify the defects. This article recommends that consumer education is vital to protect the rights of purchasers and to uplift the vendors' ethical values of in a sale and purchase of the sub-sale house. It is also suggested that the jurisdiction of the Tribunal for Consumer Claims or the Tribunal for Homebuyer Claims be considered to be expanded to hear disputes arising from the purchase of houses from the sub-sale market.Keywords: fraud; inspection; home buyer; vendor.eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.156
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Williams, Rebecca S., Jason Derrick, Aliza Kate Liebman, Kevin LaFleur i Kurt M. Ribisl. "Content analysis of age verification, purchase and delivery methods of internet e-cigarette vendors, 2013 and 2014". Tobacco Control 27, nr 3 (8.05.2017): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053616.
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ObjectiveIdentify the population of internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analyses of their age verification, purchase and delivery methods in 2013 and 2014.MethodsWe used multiple sources to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning more than 180 million websites. In 2013, we manually screened 32 446 websites, identifying 980 IEVs, selecting the 281 most popular for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.ResultsThe proportion of vendors that sold online-only, with no retail store, dropped significantly from 2013 (74.7%) to 2014 (64.3%) (p<0.01), with a corresponding significant decrease in US-based vendors (71.9% in 2013 and 65% in 2014). Most vendors did little to prevent youth access in either year, with 67.6% in 2013 and 63.2% in 2014 employing no age verification or relying exclusively on strategies that cannot effectively verify age. Effective age verification strategies such as online age verification services (7.1% in 2013 and 8.5% in 2014), driving licences (1.8% in 2013 and 7.4% in 2014, p<0.01) or age verification at delivery (6.4% in 2013 and 8.1% in 2104) were rarely advertised on IEV websites. Nearly all vendors advertised accepting credit cards, and about ¾ shipping via United States Postal Service, similar to the internet cigarette industry prior to federal bans.ConclusionsThe number of IEVs grew sharply from 2013 to 2014, with poor age verification practices. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including strict age and identity verification requirements.
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Sheikh, Aziz, Harpreet S. Sood i David W. Bates. "Leveraging health information technology to achieve the “triple aim” of healthcare reform". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, nr 4 (16.04.2015): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv022.
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Abstract Objective To investigate experiences with leveraging health information technology (HIT) to improve patient care and population health, and reduce healthcare expenditures. Materials and methods In-depth qualitative interviews with federal government employees, health policy, HIT and medico-legal experts, health providers, physicians, purchasers, payers, patient advocates, and vendors from across the United States. Results The authors undertook 47 interviews. There was a widely shared belief that Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) had catalyzed the creation of a digital infrastructure, which was being used in innovative ways to improve quality of care and curtail costs. There were however major concerns about the poor usability of electronic health records (EHRs), their limited ability to support multi-disciplinary care, and major difficulties with health information exchange, which undermined efforts to deliver integrated patient-centered care. Proposed strategies for enhancing the benefits of HIT included federal stimulation of competition by mandating vendors to open-up their application program interfaces, incenting development of low-cost consumer informatics tools, and promoting Congressional review of the The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) to optimize the balance between data privacy and reuse. Many underscored the need to “kick the legs from underneath the fee-for-service model” and replace it with a data-driven reimbursement system that rewards high quality care. Conclusions The HITECH Act has stimulated unprecedented, multi-stakeholder interest in HIT. Early experiences indicate that the resulting digital infrastructure is being used to improve quality of care and curtail costs. Reform efforts are however severely limited by problems with usability, limited interoperability and the persistence of the fee-for-service paradigm—addressing these issues therefore needs to be the federal government’s main policy target.
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Zaya, David N., Stacey A. Leicht-Young, Noel B. Pavlovic, Christopher S. Hetrea i Mary V. Ashley. "Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus orbiculatus) as a Native Congener (C. scandens) in Horticulture". Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.37.
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The horticultural industry is an important source of invasive ornamental plant species, which is part of the motivation for an increased emphasis on using native alternatives. We were interested in the possibility that plants marketed in the midwestern United States as the native Celastrus scandens, or American bittersweet, were actually the difficult-to-distinguish invasive Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) or hybrids of the two species. We used nuclear microsatellite DNA loci to compare the genetic identities of 34 plants from 11 vendors with reference plants from wild populations of known species identity. We found that 18 samples (53%) were mislabeled, and 7 of the 11 vendors sold mislabeled plants. Mislabeled plants were more likely to be purchased through Internet or phone order shipments and were significantly less expensive than accurately labeled plants. Vendors marketed mislabeled plants under five different cultivar names, as well as unnamed strains. Additionally, the most common native cultivar, ‘Autumn Revolution,’ displays reproductive characteristics that diverge from the typical C. scandens, which could be of some concern. The lower price and abundance of mislabeled invasive plants introduces incentives for consumers to unknowingly contribute to the spread of C. orbiculatus. Revealing the potential sources of C. orbiculatus is critical for controlling further spread of the invasive vine and limiting its impact on C. scandens populations.
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Nayak, Swayangsiddha, i Julie Campbell. "US Consumers’ Awareness and Opinion of Boxwood Shrubs and Boxwood Blight". HortScience 59, nr 4 (kwiecień 2024): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17456-23.
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Boxwood blight is a significant threat to nurseries, garden centers, landscaping businesses, and homeowners, causing both financial and ecological damage. This fungal disease is primarily caused by two species, with Calonectria pseudonaviculata being the only reported casual species in the United States. The pathogen is spread by wind-driven rain, water splash, and contaminated plants, emphasizing the need for exclusion, sanitation protocols, cultural practices, and fungicides to manage its spread. Recently, efforts have shifted from containment to disease management, focusing on fungicide efficacy, diagnostic assays, and boxwood production analysis. Agricultural extension programs promote best practices to prevent disease introduction into nursery and landscape environments. Understanding consumer awareness and perceived risk regarding infestations is crucial as control measures evolve. In our Jul 2020 survey, which had 2795 completed responses from across the United States, we assessed consumer knowledge and opinions regarding boxwood shrubs and Boxwood light. The findings revealed demographic variations in awareness and opinions. Suburban residents were more aware of boxwood blight, whereas urban residents had a higher opinion of boxwood shrubs. From the tobit model, men were more likely to purchase boxwood compared with women despite knowing about blight, and Caucasians compared with non-Caucasians exhibited decreased liking for boxwood after seeing pictures of blight-infected plants. These insights can inform targeted communication strategies and assist consumers, vendors, and related industries in addressing the challenges posed by Boxwood blight. Further research into alternative plant preferences among consumers is also warranted for better development of boxwood blight management strategies.
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Spencer, Erin T., Emilie Richards, Blaire Steinwand, Juliette Clemons, Jessica Dahringer, Priya Desai, Morgan Fisher i in. "A high proportion of red snapper sold in North Carolina is mislabeled". PeerJ 8 (25.06.2020): e9218. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9218.
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Seafood mislabeling occurs when a market label is inaccurate, primarily in terms of species identity, but also regarding weight, geographic origin, or other characteristics. This widespread problem allows cheaper or illegally-caught species to be marketed as species desirable to consumers. Previous studies have identified red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) as one of the most frequently mislabeled seafood species in the United States. To quantify how common mislabeling of red snapper is across North Carolina, the Seafood Forensics class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill used DNA barcoding to analyze samples sold as “red snapper” from restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores purchased in ten counties. Of 43 samples successfully sequenced and identified, 90.7% were mislabeled. Only one grocery store chain (of four chains tested) accurately labeled red snapper. The mislabeling rate for restaurants and seafood markets was 100%. Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus) were the species most frequently substituted for red snapper (13 of 39 mislabeled samples for both taxa, or 26 of 39 mislabeled total). This study builds on previous mislabeling research by collecting samples of a specific species in a confined geographic region, allowing local vendors and policy makers to better understand the scope of red snapper mislabeling in North Carolina. This methodology is also a model for other academic institutions to engage undergraduate researchers in mislabeling data collection, sample processing, and analysis.
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Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua, Ramzyzan Ramly i Muhammad Izwan Ikhsan. "In Search of Home Sweet Home: Between theory and reality". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, nr 6 (7.11.2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.964.
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Houses bought through sub-sale contract are of varying quality. The “caveat emptor” doctrine compels the purchaser to make a thorough investigation in a sub-sale house purchase. The “as is” clause posits that the house is sold based on its existing conditions. This paper analyses the application of the “caveat emptor” and “as is” clause in Malaysia and highlights the framework of information disclosure on property conditions in Malaysia, in comparison with the vendor disclosure laws in the United States and Australia. This paper suggests that a pre-purchase checklist should be provided in a sale and purchase transaction.
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Costello, Laura. "Comparison of E-Book Acquisitions Strategies Across Disciplines Finds Differences in Cost and Usage". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, nr 1 (15.03.2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8zp70.
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A Review of:
Carrico, S.B., Cataldo, T.T., Botero, C., & Shelton, T. (2015). What cost and usage data reveals about e-book acquisitions: Ramifications for collection development. ALCTS, 59(3). Retrieved from https://journals.ala.org/lrts/article/view/5752/7199
Abstract
Objective – To compare e-book cost-usage data across different acquisitions styles and disciplines.
Design – Case study.
Setting – A public research university serving an annual enrollment of over 49,000 students and employing more than 3,000 faculty members in the Southern United States.
Subjects – Cost and usage data from 15,006 e-books acquired by the Library through packages, firm orders, and demand-driven acquisitions.
Methods – Data was collected from publishers and vendors across the three acquisitions strategies. Usage, cost, and call number information was collected for the materials purchased via firm order or demand driven acquisitions and these were sorted into disciplines based on the call number assigned. Discipline, cost, and use were determined for each package collection as a whole because information on individual titles was not provided by the publishers. The authors then compared usage and cost across disciplines and acquisitions strategies.
Main Results – Overall, e-books purchased in packages had a 50% use rate and an average cost per use of $3.39, e-books purchased through firm orders had a 52% use rate and an average cost per use of $22.21, and e-books purchased through demand driven acquisitions had an average cost per use of $8.88 and 13.9 average uses per title. Package purchasing was cost effective for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) materials and medicine (MED) materials. Demand driven acquisition was a particularly good strategy for humanities and social sciences (HSS) titles.
Conclusion – There are differences between the acquisitions strategies and disciplines in cost and use. Firm orders had a higher cost per use than the other acquisitions strategies.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Roddy, Morgan R. "Sharing the harvest : a qualitative study of farmers' market managers' and vendors' social motivations to accept food entitlement program coupons". 2012. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1678828.
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Farmers’ markets are venues that can reflect the activity and composition of the hosting community. Within certain guidelines, WIC, FMNP, and SNAP can be utilized at participating farmers’ markets. My study examines how farmers’ markets managers and vendors decide whether to accept food entitlement program coupons, especially comparing the decision-making process between participating and non-participating markets. The influence of community ties and addressing local hunger needs in the decision-making process and the level of cooperation in making that decision are also investigated. Fourteen semi-structured interviews with managers and vendors of eight Midwestern farmers’ markets were conducted. Findings indicate that farmers’ markets with goals to improve local food security and that are collaborative and seek to build consensus, knowledgeable about food entitlement programs while also holding them in positive regard, and exhibit strong interpersonal relationships between market actors and community residents display greater tendencies to accept food entitlement program coupons.Department of Sociology
Książki na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Motley, Michael E. Navy competition advocate general and ADP vendor complaint handling: Statement of Michael E. Motley, associate director, Research, Development, Acquisition and Procurement Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, before the Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1990.
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Milko, George. Real estate: The legal side to buying a house, condo, or co-op : a step-by-step guide. New York: Random House, 1990.
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Malloy, Robin Paul. Real estate transactions: Problems, cases, and materials. Wyd. 2. New York: Aspen Law & Business, 2002.
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Korngold, Gerald. Real estate transactions: Cases and materials on land transfer, development and finance. Wyd. 5. New York: Foundation Press, 2009.
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G, Saltz Sidney, red. From handshake to closing: The role of the commercial real estate lawyer. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association, 2008.
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Hinkel, Daniel F. Essentials of practical real estate law. Wyd. 5. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2012.
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Hinkel, Daniel F. Essentials of practical real estate law. Wyd. 4. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, West Legal Studies, 2007.
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Hinkel, Daniel F. Essentials of practical real estate law. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1993.
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Hinkel, Daniel F. Essentials of practical real estate law. Wyd. 2. Albany, N.Y: West Pub., 1998.
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Hinkel, Daniel F. Essentials of practical real estate law. Wyd. 3. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Learning/West Legal Studies, 2003.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Singh, Deepak. "India Visit". W How May I Help You? University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293304.003.0027.
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This chapter takes the author back to his home country where he sees the salespeople in electronics stores, tea vendors, and his family in a different light. He returns to the United States and finds his colleagues have all quit.
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Wessel, Ginette. "Relaxing Regulatory Controls: Vendor Advocacy and Rights in Mobile Food Vending". W Food Trucks, Cultural Identity, and Social Justice. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036573.003.0002.
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Beginning in 2008, city policymakers across the nation became increasingly involved in regulatory debates and policy revisions surrounding mobile food vending. Despite vendors’ abilities to reactivate neglected urban areas and increase food access for underserved neighborhoods, many issues related to unfair competition, public health and safety, and prejudices continue to dominate regulatory frameworks that limit vendors’ entrepreneurial freedoms and spatial opportunities. Using three regulatory conflicts between food vendors and policymakers, this chapter highlights the motivating factors that can guide regulatory decision-making and the ways vendors destabilize and shape formal mechanisms of regulatory control. Topics include public health, restaurant protectionism, and cultural injustice at both state and city levels. This research suggests that despite rigid regulatory policies and the variety of economic, social, and political factors that influence governments’ responses to mobile food vending, active municipal investment in the public realm combined with vendors’ grassroots efforts can generate just policies. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the significance of vendor advocacy and the supportive roles of food vending organizations across the United States to illustrate the ways vendors increase social justice in cities.
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Hasiilmoto, Juro. "The Rise of Big Business". W The Economic History of Japan: 1600-1990, 190–222. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198289074.003.0005.
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Abstract With the outbreak of the First World War, the European nations were transformed into large-scale purchasers of commodities, particularly munitions. The principal supplier for this increased European demand for imports was the United States. Consequently, the US economy boomed, which in tum prompted a rapid growth in imports from Asian countries, headed by Japan (Hashimoto 1984). This situation led to the increase in foreign demand for Japanese products. At the same time, imports into Japan from Europe were interdicted and the Japanese domestic market became secluded from international competition. This isolation effect created a sheltered environment within which big business, which had been at a position of comparative disadvantage, could grow.
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Alkon, Alison Hope, i Julie Guthman. "Conclusion". W New Food Activism. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520292130.003.0013.
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IN 2006, WHEN COLLECTING DATA for her book Black, White, and Green, Alison spoke with Kirk, a manager at the first entirely organic farmers’ market in the United States. Like most of the market’s vendors and customers, he was white, college-educated, and politically progressive. Kirk described the farmers’ market as a way to advocate for a healthy environment while working around, rather than challenging, an unresponsive state:...
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Estrada, Emir. "Street Vending in Los Angeles". W Kids at Work, 43–63. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479811519.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 situates the study historically in the context of U.S. and Mexican migration and traces the formation of the street vending economy in urban centers in México and in U.S. cities such as Los Angeles and New York. The chapter demonstrates that street vending across the border is linked to macro structural forces and is not solely derivative of Latinx cultural practices. The chapter also highlights the historical precedent of street vending in the United States, as opposed to portraying the work as a direct cultural transplant from Latin America. The Latinx street vendors in Los Angeles immigrated to a society where street vending had been an economic strategy since the early nineteenth century. The chapter notes that as a result of both political turmoil and the rise of a foodie culture based on “authenticity,” attitudes toward street vendors are becoming more sympathetic and respectful, leading to the decriminalization of street vending across the state of California.
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Carmel, Erran, i Brian Nicholson. "Small Firms and Offshore Software Outsourcing". W Global Information Technologies, 3721–45. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch263.
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It seems surprising that small firms engage in offshore outsourcing given that they lack the resources that large firms possess to overcome the difficulties involved. We examine these factors using transaction cost theory’s three stages: contact costs, contract costs, and control costs. Then, using our field data from small client firms (in the United States and the United Kingdom), intermediaries, and offshore vendors, we analyze the mitigation approaches that reduce transaction costs for small firms. We identify nine such approaches: three for client firms and six for suppliers. For the small client firm, they are liaisons of knowledge flows, gaining experience, and overcoming opportunism; and, for the service providers, they are onshore presence, reducing contact costs, simplifying contracting, providing control channels, expert intermediaries, and standardization of services.
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Kevles, Daniel J. "Novelties, Frauds, and Protections". W Intellectual Property and the Design of Nature, 130—C6F4. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864406.003.0006.
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Abstract At the beginning of the nineteenth century, only a limited number of commercial seed, fruit, and flower houses and nurseries were operating in the United States. Their catalogues did littlr to differentiate and brand their products. Practices changed in the 1820s as a result of the transportation revolution, westward migration, and expanding markets which enlarged competition and put a premium on innovation. Seed houses and plant nurseries sought to protect their investments in the creation or acquisition of novelties by branding their products. However, cheats could offer fraudulent or adulterated seeds, fruit trees, or vines under the branded name. Purchasers would be none the wiser because it was virtually impossible to tell what plant or plant quality seeds or seedlings would eventually produce. This chapter shows the strategies that nurseries and seed houses devised to protect their brands and ultimately to recognize and begin to defend the intellectual property in the products the brands represented.
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Estrada, Emir. "Introduction". W Kids at Work, 1–22. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479811519.003.0001.
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The introduction sets the context for the study of street vending children who work side by side with their undocumented parents in Los Angeles. This chapter outlines the various strategies the researcher used to enter the field, recruit the families, and establish rapport with the children and their parents. The author also describes the research site and the research methodology. The author is reflexive about her insider and outsider position and describes how having worked as a young girl with her parents both in Mexico and the United States helped her gain the trust of her respondents. In addition, the introduction situates the role of children and work in a historical context and provides a theoretical framework to help understand the lives of child vendors in Los Angeles. The experience of child street vendors bridges intersectionality theory, social capital theory, and the socialization of childhood and brings to light the hidden resources that are overshadowed by segmented assimilation theory, the leading theory that has been used to understand the experience of post-1965 immigrants and their children. The chapter also introduces the four overarching research questions that guide this research and provides a roadmap of the book.
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Baba, Yasunori, Shinji Takai, i Yuji Mizuta. "The User-Driven Evolution of the Japanese Software Industry: The Case of Customized Software for Mainframes". W The International Computer Software Industry, 104–30. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094107.003.0005.
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Abstract The Japanese software industry has many facets, which differ sharply in structure and performance. Although some observers have argued that the software houses of the major computer vendors are more productive than their American counterparts (Cusumano 1991), most Japanese software houses are growing relatively slowly and appear to be somewhat less innovative than those in the United States. Faced with an increasing number of bankruptcies, in 1993 Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) declared that the software industry had been seriously affected by Japan’s recession, thus entitling it to special subsidies and other preferential treatment. The Japanese software industry is a paradox, at once highly productive and yet unsuccessful.
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Estrada, Alicia Ivonne. "(Re)Claiming Public Space and Place". W Critical Dialogues in Latinx Studies, 146–56. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805198.003.0012.
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The ongoing systemic violence in Guatemala has forced thousands of Mayas to cross the US/Mexican border. Once in the United States, they encounter multiple forms of sociopolitical marginalization from state entities and by non-Indigenous Latina/os. Yet, as they navigate within a hostile national environment that needs their labor but rejects their presence, Maya immigrants in Los Angeles have employed various survival strategies that situate the (re)affirmation of their culture and knowledge as central. It is in this context that I examine how the construction of a weekend mercado on the public sidewalks of the Westlake/MacArthur Park neighborhood where many Mayas reside creates a sense of community and place. The informal market in this part of Los Angeles serves as an important survival strategy in a racialized city with growing social inequalities. It is in their performance of market relations that Indigenous street vendors and their customers transmit the embodied cultural memory and practices of Mesoamerican mercados. Collectively, vendors as well as their customers and members of the community visually reproduce social relations and networks customary in Guatemala. The public performativity and reproduction of these dynamics also function as a means of remembering and transmitting embodied memory in the diaspora.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Hass, Edward. "Metering Technology Center Values Laboratory Services". W NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.51.
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This paper was prepared for the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International Workshop and Symposium scheduled for 2014. It shares what was learned by CMS Energy’s Laboratory Services and its Metering Technology Center in regards to testing and certification verification of advanced metrology. It also defends the position that accredited laboratories are best suited to perform product testing as part of their services because those who have accreditation are accustomed to applying reference standards to secure, sustain, and accelerate acceptance of advanced technologies. In 2008, CMS Energy, the 4th largest energy utility company in the United States, temporarily transferred three employees from its accredited calibration laboratory to work at its testing facility to test high tech • newly designed Smart Grid Meter products. To this end, CMS constructed its own testing laboratory to verify vendors’ advertised claims that products adhered to C12 American National Standards Institute specification standards. In preparation for testing, CMS made the decision to upgrade its Alternating Current kilowatt-hour meter test equipment and today is uniquely recognized as the first laboratory in the United States accredited to calibrate electrical energy standards. Specific Company testing requirements are expected to subside in 2015 and CMS is looking for other new product assessment opportunities. Workforce synergies were gained and metrology dollars were prudently invested at CMS to assure capital intensive asset purchases were made wisely. What CMS learned in this process can be transferred to your facility to insure your investments are energy efficient and environmentally advanced.
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Harrop, Grenville. "The AP1000® PWR Project Moving Toward Completion in China". W 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15664.
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The AP1000® pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the first and only Generation III+ nuclear power plant to be granted design certification by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The initial deployment of this technology has been the construction of dual AP1000 units in each of two coastal sites in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), at Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). The contracts for these units were framed to support the PRC’s intention to achieve self reliance in its nuclear supply infrastructure. Westinghouse is implementing its innovative supply chain strategy, “We Buy Where We Build”™, to promote the technology transfer and increasing levels of localization needed as each unit is constructed. Since the initial contract award in 2007, the Westinghouse Consortium and the purchasers, State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation of China (SNPTC), the Shandong Nuclear Power Company (SDNPC), and the Sanmen Nuclear Power Company (SMNPC) have worked in harmony to build the units using advanced modular construction techniques that reduce construction timescales and associated risks. First-of-a-kind (FOAK) plant components have been manufactured and delivered, including reactor vessels, steam generators, and other safety equipment. With construction and equipment installation in the final stages, the planning and implementation of the pre-operational testing, system turnover, and commissioning are now underway to prepare for fuel load and future commercial operation.
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Bhavnani, Dilip. "Identification and Resolution of Piping Analysis Activities for Extended Power Uprates at Nuclear Plants". W ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1244.
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Recent experience has shown that many utilities have installed new feedwater flow measurement instrumentation, which is designed with new, proven technology that more accurately monitors feedwater flow and therefore, allows for improved thermal power level calculations. As a result of this new approach, many utilities have been able to extend limited power upgrades to the tune of 1.4%, and yet with no noticeable additional environmental impact. These electric power increases are generally attributable to the large design margins included in the original nuclear power plant designs and in addition, to the technological advances that have been made to the nuclear industry. Power increases are now carried out by several nuclear utilities in the United States with the NRC’s concurrence. Current nuclear power plants are providing cheap, reliable and affordable electricity to help meet current energy growing demands. As a result of this, power uprate increases are encouraged. Current economic conditions strongly favor power uprates and plant life extensions. In the early 1990s, a limited power uprate program was initiated, but due to complex design reviews, this was not steadfastedly recommended during this time period. Nuclear Steam Supply Systems (NSSS) vendors performed a key role in this nuclear power uprate program. This paper discusses structural and piping qualification review required to achieve these power uprate programs, currently being performed by nuclear utilities in the United States.
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Rebak, Raul B., i Young-Jin Kim. "Hydrogen Diffusion in FeCrAl Alloys for Light Water Reactors Cladding Applications". W ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63164.
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There is a worldwide effort to develop nuclear fuels that are resistant to accidents such as loss of coolant in the reactor and the storage pools. In the United States, the Department of Energy is teaming with fuel vendors to develop accident tolerant fuels (ATF), which will resist the lack of cooling for longer periods of times than the current zirconium alloy - uranium dioxide system. General Electric (GE) and its partners is proposing to replace zirconium alloys cladding with an Iron-Chromium-Aluminum (FeCrAl) alloy such as APMT, since they are highly resistant to attack by steam up to the melting point of the alloy. FeCrAl alloys do not react with hydrogen to form stable hydrides as zirconium alloys do. Therefore, it is possible that more tritium may be released to the coolant with the use of FeCrAl cladding. This work discusses the formation of an alumina layer on the surface of APMT cladding as an effective barrier for tritium permeation from the fuel to the coolant across the cladding wall.
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Munsell, William P. "Current Efforts to Rewrite the History of the Safety Hierarchy and Obviate its Purpose". W ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113870.
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Abstract The duty on the part of manufacturers to incorporate features in equipment for the sole purpose of protecting workers and bystanders from injury grew out of the advent of worker’s compensation legislation in the second decade of the twentieth century. The new legal landscape suddenly made safe design an issue that impacted the bottom line of industrial employers through reduced insurance premiums. This was the impetus for the newly formed National Safety Council in 1913, which drew its members primarily from industry. The real sea change, however, can be traced to a paper published in the ASME Journal two years later by Carl Hansen, titled “Standardization of Safety Principles”[1]. In it, Hansen proposed the novel idea that it was the responsibility of design engineers to address the hazards their machines presented. His proposal was not made in a vacuum. The responses of leading figures in engineering, the insurance industry, and worker safety were published in the Journal as well, and the unanimous consensus was agreement with Hansen’s new ethic. In Hansen’s proposal can be found almost all of the basic concepts of the Safety Hierarchy as it was presented in the 1955 edition of the National Safety Council’s Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations [2]. This states that a manufacturer has a duty to evaluate and address foreseeable hazards, including those related to human error, by design first and foremost. Only if no feasible design solutions can be found may the manufacturer rely on methods that control exposure of the hazard to users and bystanders, such as guarding. Only if no feasible design or exposure-control solutions can be found may the manufacturer rely on personal protective equipment. Since that time the hierarchy, only slightly modified, has penetrated every industry and has come to define the modern basis of safe design in the United States. In 2000, a lobbying group called the Association for Manufacturing Technology sponsored a technical paper which resulted in the promulgation of ANSI B11.0-2020 Safety of Machinery – General Requirements and Risk Assessment [3]. This standard represents a radical departure from established safety principles in that it inserts an undefined process by which manufacturers or purchasers can unilaterally decide the risk associated with any given piece of machinery is acceptable, and thereby opt out of the requirements of the safety hierarchy. The threshold of ‘acceptable risk’ is left uncodified and can be calculated based on a host of factors as vague as ‘culture’ and the ‘context of their own circumstances’. The effect of this approach on the stakeholders who would suffer the most dire consequences, the injured workers, is not considered. I argue that ANSI B11.0-2020 and its related standards are retrograde in their effect on safety in the workplace, and cannot be reconciled with the last 108 years of safe design principles as developed in the United States. This paper will provide a historical review of safe engineering design principles and analyze the provisions and implications of ANSI B11.0-2020. The basis for a revised ANSI B11.0 will be presented.
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Scott, L. Max. "A Successful Remediation Project". W ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16400.
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As part of a program to visit formerly licensed sites to determine if they meet current uncontrolled release conditions, a United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) inspection was conducted in the fall of 1993 at a site that had possessed a radioactive material license from about 1955 to 1970. While the license was in force, the plant processed magnesium scrap containing up to 4 percent thorium. The source of the scrap is believed to be the aircraft manufacturing industry. The scrap was placed in furnaces and heated to the melting point of magnesium, and the molten magnesium was drawn off, leaving the thorium with the residue (dross). Under the regulation in existence at that time, the thorium dross was buried on site in an approximate 14 acre field. In 1993 the inspector found readings up to 900uR/h. Early in 1994 an informal grid survey of most of the 14 acre site was conducted. Based on that survey, it was concluded that the thorium was widespread and extended beyond the property lines. The preliminary findings were reported to the USNRC, and in 1994 the site was designated as a Site Decommissioning Management Plan (SMPD) site. A remediation team was formed which included the following disciplines: remediation health physics, geology, hydrology, engineering, law, public relations, and project management. This remediation team planned, participated in selecting vendors, and provided project over site for all activities from site characterization through the final status survey. In 2006 the site was released for uncontrolled access. A chronology of activities with lessons learned will be presented.
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Smith, Warren N. "Reprocurement Considerations for an Existing Municipally Owned Refuse-to-Energy Plant: Pinellas County, Florida". W 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3159.
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On May 7, 2007, the operating agreement for the Pinellas County mass-burn resource recovery facility will expire. This contract, originally negotiated in the late 1970’s is one of the first in the United States for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of a municipally owned refuse-to-energy facility, and thus is one of the first to expire. In late 2003, Pinellas County began the process to reprocure an operator for its resource recovery facility under the terms of a new long-term agreement. This paper discusses planning processes and reprocurement activities to date, including hiring a reprocurement consulting engineer; formation of the project team (Project Working Group and Project Oversight Committee); development of the project schedule; and, identification of the reprocurement approach (informal meetings with vendors, Request for Qualifications and Request for Proposals). The paper also addresses certain technical and contractual issues associated with contracting a 24-year old refuse-to-energy facility. Technical items considered are a modified approach to ash processing and metals recovery; whether or not to continue the WESPhix® ash treatment process; and the need for various capital improvements. Contractual matters include such items as ownership of spare parts; availability of operating documents and record drawings; transfer of proprietary licenses; and consideration of a transition agreement. Pinellas County’s reprocurement is being designed with the primary goal of developing a process that is fair, open and competitive; and one that provides a level playing field for all interested proposers. The paper draws comparisons between the reprocurement methods and processes considered, with conclusions about why the final reprocurement approach was selected.
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Woods, Kirby, i Kenneth Thomas. "Reconstitution of Reactor Pressure Boundary Components Design Stress Report for License Renewal". W ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25215.
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The majority of United States Commercial Nuclear Power Plants (CNPP) within the next 10 years will reach the end of their license to operate and can be renewed per the “Atomic Energy Act” of 1954. This act allowed the commission to issue commercial electric power nuclear plants a license to operate (“licensed, but not to exceed 40 years, and maybe renewed upon the expiration of such period, (Chapter 10, Sec. 103(c))).” These CNPP licenses are also governed by the NSSS vendor specification requirements and by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) design code standards. This connection is in the form of a stress report that defines the “cyclic life” adequacy criteria for this operational limit of 40 years. The license extension subsequently requires a reconstitution of the initial design stress report input parameters per ASME IWA-4120, 4223 & 4311 (e) for the renewal period extension. This requirement can entail an analysis of the operating conditions and cycles to demonstrate the material elasticity is maintained. The proposed approach for this reconstitution effort was a reanalysis in the form of a study of the Nuclear Steam System Supplier (NSSS) vendors’ original methodology to determine the NSSS vendor specification requirement for ASME code compliance and “cyclic life” adequacy. The information acquired from this evaluation has demonstrated the application to be a complex and simplistic approach. This effort to unravel the composite loading (thermal and pressure transients) condition in relation to specific plant and incident cycles provides both an understanding of component end-of-life limits and supports a comprehensive template for future fatigue life management programs. This paper summarizes this reconstituting effort that utilizes the original vessel stress analysis report to support the license renewal effort, provides a template for future fatigue management programs, demonstrates the conservatism of design, and offers an insight into the design philosophy revealing an elegant process that assures against failures.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Vendors and purchasers – United States"
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Belcher, Scott, Terri Belcher, Kathryn Seckman, Brandon Thomas i Homayun Yaqub. Aligning the Transit Industry and Their Vendors in the Face of Increasing Cyber Risk: Recommendations for Identifying and Addressing Cybersecurity Challenges. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2113.
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Public transit agencies in the United States depend on external vendors to help deliver and maintain many essential services and to provide critical technologies, from ticket purchases to scheduling to email management. While the integration of new, advanced technologies into the public transit industry brings important advancements to U.S. critical transportation infrastructure, the application of digital technologies also brings with it a new assortment of digital risks. Transit agencies of all sizes are finding themselves subject to cyber incidents—most notably ransomware attacks—like those experienced by larger, more prominent companies and critical infrastructure providers. The findings in this report focus on helping all parties involved improve in three key areas: cyber literacy and procurement practices, the lifecycle of technology vis-à-vis transit hardware, and the importance of embracing risk as a road to resiliency.
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Small Lung Nodule Volume Assessment and Monitoring in Low Dose CT Screening, Clinically Feasible Profile. Chair Artit Jirapatnakul, James Mulshine i Kyle Myers. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) / Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20231219.
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The goal of a QIBA Profile is to help achieve a useful level of performance for a given biomarker. The Claim (Section 2) describes the biomarker performance. The Profile Activities (Section 3) contribute to generating the biomarker. Requirements are placed on the Actors that participate in those activities as necessary to achieve the Claim. Assessment Procedures (Section 4) defines the technical methods to be used for evaluating conformance with profile requirements. This includes the steps needed for clinical sites and equipment vendors to be compliant with the Profile. This QIBA Profile (Small Lung Nodule Volume Assessment and Monitoring in Low Dose CT Screening) addresses the accuracy and precision of quantitative CT volumetry as applied to solid lung nodules of 6-10 mm diameter. It places requirements on Acquisition Devices, Technologists, Radiologists and Image Analysis Tools involved in activities including Periodic Equipment Quality Assurance, Subject Selection, Subject Handling, Image Data Acquisition, Image Data Reconstruction, Image Quality Assurance, and Image Analysis. The requirements are focused on achieving sufficient accuracy and avoiding unnecessary variability of the lung nodule volume measurement. Two sets of claims are provided within this Profile. The first claim establishes 95% confidence intervals for volumetric measurement of solid lung nodules for each different millimeter in diameter from 6-10 mm as this is the size range for baseline measurements. The second claim provides guidance on the amount of volumetric change percentage needed for an observer to have 95% confidence that the nodule has exhibited true change. In addition, the second claim also provides guidance on the 95% confidence interval for a volumetric size change measurement, again based on the size of the nodule at two time points. This document is intended to help clinicians reliably measure pulmonary nodule volume as an imaging biomarker, imaging staff generating this biomarker, vendor staff developing related products, purchasers of such products and investigators designing trials with imaging endpoints. Note that this Profile document only states requirements to achieve the claim, not “requirements on standard of care.” Further, meeting the goals of this Profile is secondary to properly caring for the patient. This Profile document includes a conformance test that can be performed with a precision engineered phantom designed to test the fundamental imaging performance characteristics of the CT scanner to be used at a clinical site. The steps to perform the conformance test are described in the Profile and can determine if the site scanner is functioning at a level that would be capable of measuring with accuracy sufficient to meet the requirements of the Profile claim. QIBA Profiles addressing other imaging biomarkers using CT, MRI, PET and Ultrasound can be found at qibawiki.rsna.org.
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Hailiang, Zhang, Wang Fuxiang, Sha Shengyi, Dai Lianshuang, Xuan Wenbo i Ren Zhong. PR-469-173823-R01 In Line Inspection and Evaluation of Pinholes in Oil and Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), lipiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011604.
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Pinhole leaks have been reported as a significant cause of oil and gas pipeline failures in recent years. From 2010 to 2015, at least 131 significant incidents involving oil and gas pipelines in the United States (101 and 30, respectively) were attributed to pinhole leaks. The 9th European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group Report states that as of 2013, the five-year moving average failure frequency for pinholes was equal to an approximate annual rate of 0.105 failures per 1,000 kilometers of pipeline(1). Pinholes may result from normal pipeline corrosion during routine operations, such as microbiologically induced corrosion, or can be created by third-party activities, such as illegal tapping. These small leaks have become a major risk for many pipeline companies. Pinhole leaks are more likely to lead to serious consequences than larger leaks because they are difficult to discover through normal monitoring and patrolling. An undetected pinhole leak can lead to significant soil and groundwater pollution over time. The research objective of this project was to investigate the applicability of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) to the inspection of oil and gas pipelines for pinhole defects. The MFL signal may be affected by pinhole diameter, depth, position, and so on. MFL inline inspection (ILI) technologies from five vendors were tested in blind scenarios involving pipeline with manufactured defects. Multiple pull through tests, field dig verification, and sampling were conducted to assess the effectiveness of MFL-ILI in pinhole detection. An optimal practice was developed by comparing the gap between MFL tracks, sampling frequency, intensity of magnetic field, etc. This report also outlines tests conducted to investigate the feasibility of using hydrostatic testing to detect pinholes.