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Eltoumi, Fouad. "Charging station for electric vehicle using hybrid sources". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA009.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigher penetration of electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles requires efficient design of charging stations to supply appropriate charging rates. This would trigger stress on conventional grid, thus increasing the cost of charging. Therefore, in this scenario the use of on-site renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV) energy alongside to the conventional grid can increase the performance of charging station. In this thesis, a PV source is used in conjunction with grid to supplement EV load. However, the PV is known for its intermittent nature that is highly dependent on geographical and weather conditions. So, to compensate the intermittency of PV, a battery storage system (BSS) is combined with the PV in a grid-tied system, providing a stable operation of hybrid PV based charging station.Generally, hybrid sources based charging station should be cost effective, efficient, and reliable to supplement the variable needs of EVs load in different scenarios. In this thesis, efficient hierarchical energy management strategy is proposed and applied to maximize on-site PV energy, to meet the variable load of EVs using quick response of BSS and putting less stress on grid. This strategy overall improves the performance and is reliable and cost-effective.An efficient bidirectional power conversion stage is introduced for BSS in the form of interleaved buck-boost converter to ensure the safe operation of BSS and reduce the losses during conversion stage. This topology has characteristics to improve the current ripples and therefore, increase the power quality drastically. Similarly, to extract the maximum power from PV system under intermittent weather conditions, MPPT is used alongside with interleaved boost converter to ensure the continuity of power from PV source. Similarly, for vehicles charger stage, to meet the dynamic power demands of EVs; while, keeping the balance between available generation amounts, interleave converter is proposed combined to sub-management strategy. Particularly, this conversion stage and management addresses the low utilization of grid sources for charging purpose when, peak load is present at grid side. This charging behaviour greatly decreases the stress on grid especially at peak hours and therefore, improves the performance of system in overall.To operate whole system under desirable conditions, an online energy management strategy is proposed. This real-time strategy works in hierarchical manner, initializing from maximized utilization of PV source, then using BSS to supplement power and utilizing grid during intermittent conditions or when there is low amount of PV. The management strategy ensure reliable operation of system, while maximizing the PV utilization, meeting the EVs demand and maximizing the life the BSS.In this thesis, a hybrid charging system based on PV, BSS and conventional grid is proposed to support the needs of EVs load. Efficient energy conversion stage has been proposed using interleave buck-boost converters to improve the quality of power and at the end, an online management strategy is developed to maximize the renewable energy utilization, inserting lesser stress on grid and improving the utilization of BSS to improve its life
Li, An. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation d’éléments de batterie et de leurs assemblages : application aux véhicules électriques et hybrides". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs part of the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, energy management in the battery pack is a major issue. Car manufacturers need a numerical model to represent the dynamic behavior of batteries. The objective of this work is to develop, on the one hand, a characterization method of the dynamic behavior of battery cells and their assemblies, and on the other hand the combined numerical models which are simple, fast, robust and with the best accuracy/simplicity compromise. The first part of the work is dedicated to develop a new experimental characterization method with an equivalent circuit model, which can be applied easily to different battery cells and allows calibrating the complexity of the model (number of the RC circuits) according to the measurement duration of the resting phase after a solicitation. Therefore, the generated model is able to follow the rapid and slow voltage change of the battery cell, which improves voltage and state of charge estimation for the BMS (Battery Management System) applications. The validation tests on different battery cells show that the generated model allows accurate prediction of the battery cell’s dynamic behavior. The second part of the work studies the cell assemblies with cells connected in series. It begins with an energy definition of the cell assembly. Then modelling of the assembly with the developed characterization method is discussed. The validation tests were carried out on different assemblies and show that the dynamic behavior of the assembly can be also well represented with the identified models
Tessier, Alexandre Oliver. "Bloc batterie li-ion pour véhicules électriques : méthode de classement novatrice en temps réel des paramètres électriques des cellules". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8026.
Pełny tekst źródłaCaumont, Olivier. "Détermination de l'état de charge dune batterie plomb acide en utilisation véhicule électrique". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10160.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes ampères-heures réellement échanges par la batterie sont pondérés de coefficients d'équivalence tires d'expériences a profils de courant dynamiques pour obtenir la quantité d'électricité virtuellement déchargée au courant de référence. L'effet des freinages récupératifs et des pauses y est soustrait et le résultat est rapporte aux ampères-heures initialement disponibles a ce même courant. L'évaluation de cet algorithme sur des décharges réelles reproduites en laboratoire l'a révèle meilleur que les méthodes classiques avec moins de cinq pour-cent d'erreur. Des essais en conditions réelles ont ensuite confirme cette imprécision maximale sur quelques décharges consécutives. Pour finir, une réflexion sur les facteurs susceptibles de faire diverger l'algorithme a long terme est proposée ainsi que les solutions ou études envisagées pour y remédier
Cailliez, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement et du vieillissement d'une batterie utilisée en propulsion automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present context calls for an accelerated transition from internal combustion engines to zero-emission alternatives. In the short term, the battery electric vehicle is the most likely alternative, but its limited range, lifespan, flexibility and reliability are slowing down its full deployment.Optimising the energy management of the battery pack is a key factor in improving the performance of battery electric vehicles. However, the battery is a complex component evolving within an equally complex environment with multiple interactions. Modelling is therefore the most powerful tool to achieve the best possible synergy within the vehicle system.The objective of this study is to develop a general methodology combining experimental characterisation of batteries and calibration of an electrochemical model at the cell scale.The work allows to characterise and model the electrical and thermal behaviors and the aging of "pouch" batteries extracted from an battery electric vehicle, and the multiphysical interactions between these different phenomena.The model is developed within the GT-Suite environment, which will allow the integration of the cell model in a more global model representing the whole vehicle system
Che, Daud Zul Hilmi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermique de la batterie lithium-ion pour véhicules électriques et hybrides". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objectives of this study are to provide the essential information on the thermal behaviour of the battery cells for automotive purpose especially for EVs and HEVs through experimental work in order to develop an effective 3D electro-thermal model for lithium ion battery cells and pack. The experimental study is focusing on the distribution of temperature at various points of the battery cell surface, impact of different constant discharge rates, and also the importance of cooling system on the battery temperature behaviour. This thesis highlights the battery cell temperature under abuse discharge condition and the impact of stacking the battery cells inside the battery pack. Impact of different temperature and SOC on the battery cell internal resistance and a case study on the battery cell thermal behaviour used in a series HEV to complete driving cycles using different cooling strategies are also studied. Furthermore, the experimental study is extended to the characteristic of the cooling air flow behaviour inside the battery pack, using particulate image velocimetry (PIV) system. The 3D electro-thermal CFD model is implemented in a free, open source CFD software package called OpenFOAM. The target is to have a relatively simple but accurate model with reasonable computation time. This proposed model considers the heat generation from battery current and internal resistance as a function of temperature, heat transfer through conduction, forced convection and radiation
Smimite, Hassan. "Etude du comportement et gestion d'une batterie au plomb à recombinaison équipant un véhicule électrique". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20186.
Pełny tekst źródłaChauris, Nicolas. "Analyse par voies expérimentales et numérique de phénomènes thermohydrauliques au sein de caloducs plats : évaluation des performances en vue du refroidissement des batteries de véhicules électriques". Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESMA0008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe emergence of electrical motor vehicles en the French and/or Worldwide fleet stands for a real change in the automotive. Renault made the choice to initiate this change by reducing considerably the constraints linked to this kind of vehicle. One of these major constraints is the batteries loading duration; the other is their autonomy. Renault wants to establish some fast load devices allowing to reduce the loading duration to fifteen linutes approximately. For this, very high electrical powers must pass throuh the batteries, thus generating high heat losses. Considering these thermal stresses while minimizing the size, the cost of the cooling devices, and maximizing their life and safety, classical cooling solutions, such as gaseous or liquid convection, seem to be less suitable than other innovative solutions, such as cooling two-phase thermal spreaders. A two-phase heat spreader has thereby been designed in the context of this thesis in order to respond to this application. An experimental bench has been set-up in order to study the performances of the spreader, and to analyse its operations and distinguish the first order influence of several parameters. To assist this analysis, some specific hydraulic and thermal model approaches have been carried on. Finally, a demonstrator has been produced within the buildings of Renault, dedicated to the cooling of a four batteries pack by means of two heat spreaders. The experimental results are encouraging and permit to conceive the development of two-phase heat spreaders in this industrial sector
Marie-Françoise, Jean-Noël. "Contribution à la commande neuronale et à la gestion d'énergie d'un système hybride batterie-supercondensateurs : application aux transports terrestres". Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2030.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis report is a contribution to the command and energy management of a hybrid system battery-ultracapacitors. More precisely, we will present a theoretical study and a realization of a power supply connecting a pack ultracapacitors to a battery, for hybrid vehicles applications. As in all the hybrid systems, the association between several sources needs static converters. They have to adapt the voltage and the current levels of the sources to the load (42V DC bus). This voltage level seems to be recommended by the largest car manufacturers. It is obvious, that the performances of such a device depend mainly on the command method used and also on the strategy for energy management. With this intention, we used two command methods which are for the first one, the classical regulation using PID corrector and for the second one, the techniques based on the artificial neural networks (ANN). The aim is to carry out a comparison between the two approaches
Kuhn, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la conception optimale d'une motorisation hybride parallèle : Choix d'un modèle d'accumulateur". Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1520.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the dynamical and energetical modeling of a 42 V NiMH battery, the model of which is taking into account into a control law for an hybrid electrical vehicle. Using an inventory of the electrochemical phenomena, an equivalent electrical scheme has been established. Ln this model, diffusion phenomena were represented using non integer derivatives. This tool leads to a very good approximation of diffusion phenomena, nevertheless such a pure mathematical approach did not allow to represent energeticallosses inside the battery. Consequently, a second model, made of a serie of electric circuits has been proposed to represent energetical transfers. This second model has been used in the determination of a control law which warrants an autonomous management of electrical energy embedded in a parallel hybrid electrical vehicle, and to prevent deep discharge of the battery
Abdelhedi, Riadh. "Optimisation d’un système de stockage hybride de l’énergie électrique avec batterie et supercondensateurs pour véhicule électrique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1347/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work contributes to the optimization of a hybrid storage system that combines lithium-ion batteries with supercapacitors used for electric vehicles. This hybridization structure was chosen due to the complementarity between both used storage devices. Our study focuses on the implementation of advanced energy control and management techniques. Using better the storage system represents the goal of this thesis. Our approach is to develop a real time algorithm of energy management taking into account battery electrical and thermal behaviors. A comparative study evaluates the benefits and the drawbacks of each proposed strategy in order to offer various choices between low cost power sharing solutions and control strategy with high performances. An experimental bench was implemented to apply the theoretical concept
Idjis, Hakim. "La filière de valorisation des batteries de véhicules électriques en fin de vie : contribution à la modélisation d’un système organisationnel complexe en émergence". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the development of electric vehicles, the recovery of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) arises for various reasons. However, a structured recovery network does not exist today. Our academic work aims to study this latter. The LIBs recovery network is defined as a socio-technical complex emerging system. Our problematic is then to study it from a technical-economic, organizational and prospective perspective, taking into account the different complexities. This problematic raises three research questions: How to model the LIBs recovery network as a complex organizational emerging system? How to foresight on the LIBs recovery network? How to analyze the LIBs recovery network governance?To model the LIBs recovery network, we apply with combination three systemic modeling methods: SCOS'M (Systemics for Complex Organisational Systems' Modelling), cognitive mapping and system dynamics. The modeling aims to characterize the recovery network (stakeholders, subsystems ...), understand its dynamics and identify the key variables in these dynamics. This model is the basis for the following research questions.To Foresight on the LIBs recovery network, we recommend the use of scenarios. These are defined using the SRI matrix (Stranford Research Institute), exploiting the key variables. Foresight is permitted by simulating the system dynamics model with different scenarios to analyze the technical-economic aspects. For the study of the LIBs recovery network governance, the scope was restricted to the repurposing activity. In this case, the study of the governance comes down to analyzing the combinations (2nd life application, stakeholder). A decision aid methodology has been developed for this purpose. In general, this thesis identified the questions that arise when considering the recovery of LIBs. Through our modeling, we have established a useful basis for decision aid. We answered some questions (technical-economic and organizational aspects) and paved the way for others (logistical and environmental aspects)
Al, jed Habib. "Influence de la recharge rapide sur les performances des accumulateurs lithium des véhicules électriques dans le cadre de l'utilisation postale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0290/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to study the influence of fast charging on the aging of lithium batteries, and its impact on the performances of electric vehicles as part of a postal use. The first part is devoted to the modeling of lithium batteries with an equivalent electric circuit model, whose parameters could be identified using linear characterization tests. The second part is dedicated to the study of aging, and results in an aging estimator using data collected from accelerated aging tests programs. Then the postal usage is studied, and a power profile representative of the actual load on the battery is provided. The latter was used to validate the model of the battery in the field of postal use. Then the postal use is studied, and a current profile representative of the real behavior of the battery is provided. This profile was used to validate the model of the battery in the postal use domain. Then a model of electric vehicles is presented, it integrates the battery model, which can simulates the aging state of the battery using the ageing estimator. Finally, the various possible strategies of recharge are listed and compared, which leads to conclusions about their influences on aging of batteries, and the vehicles performance
Laouamer, Rachid. "Chargeur de batteries à couplage inductif pour véhicule électrique". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0062.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work presented in this thesis deals with inductive charging for electrical vehicle intended to self-service fleet as planned in EDF Praxitele project. The aim of this work was the definition of a converter-coupler set well adapted to this kind of charge. The methods developed in this report have improved the knowledge of inductive coupling, and clarified the selection of an adequate converter. After a survey of different topologies with three and four storage elements, we have brought out some interesting topologies. Both advantages and drawbacks of each topology have been emphasized and a design method has been proposed. The selected converter allows the use of parasitic coupler elements. It reduces the inboard weight and improves charger characteristics. Moreover it improves the global converter-oupler efficiency. The coupler equivalent circuit developed in our laboratory has been used to to simulate the whole converter-coupler set behavior, leading to losses evaluation. Careful measurements lead to the same value within a correct accuracy
Arvisais-Martel, Pierre-Olivier. "Analyse technico-économique des chargeurs bidirectionnels niveaux 1 et 2 pour véhicules électriques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28311/28311.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, the use of electricity routed from batteries of plug-in electric vehicles (BEVs: battery electric vehicles and PHEVs: plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) to the power grid for resale purposes, a concept commonly referred to as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), has been the subject of numerous studies. With manufacturers opting more frequently for lithium-ion batteries in the production of such plug-in electric vehicles, the profitability in terms of resale price of such V2G-produced energy is put into question. Indeed, Li-ion batteries are rather expensive given their lifespan of approximately 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The ultimate purpose of this Master’s essay is to determine a set of principles to allow for the establishment of an equally lucrative and technologically-economic plan regarding the resale of V2G-produced electrical energy as the result of BEVs and PHEVs equipped with Li-ion batteries supplied by grade 1 and 2 bidirectional chargers. In order to successfully accomplish this feat, numerous factors must be taken into consideration: the cost of such batteries and their durability relative to their maximum attainable number of charge-discharge cycles; the return value of bidirectional chargers; the expenses incurred by the power network in purchasing such electricity; the maximum permissible quantity of electric energy that can be exchanged with the electric grid per year. Initially, the topology of a chosen bidirectional charger undergoes a mathematical analysis of its performance output with regard to its overall cost. Subsequently, multiple charge-discharge cycles are conducted on the lithium-ion batteries at varying discharge intensities in order to evaluate the cells’ deterioration. The former results, combined with the development of a formula for the financial break-even point, demonstrates the effects of a bidirectional charger’s expense and performance, along with the degeneration of Li-ion batteries, on the resale price of V2G-produced electrical energy.
Bernard, Jérôme. "Véhicules hybrides à pile à combustible : dimensionnement et stratégies de commande". Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271090.
Pełny tekst źródłaTani, Abdallah. "Structures des convertisseurs modulaires associés aux technologies de stockage : applications aux domaines résidentiels et véhicules électriques". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a continuation of the works based on the multi-source systems power management problems started by GREAH laboratory. It is funded by the “Haute Normandie Region”. This report presents some topologies of the DC/DC converters used in the hybrid electric vehicles applications, and the residential micro-grids ones. The studied topologies are based on the DC/DC converters such as the buck-boost and the interleaved-buck converters. Two original methods for electrical energy management in the multi-source systems are proposed and their performances are evaluated. The proposed methods enable to decouple the role of the energy source (lithium battery or fuel cell) compared to the power source (supercapacitors), and then manage the energetic exchange between the sources and the load. The proposed methods (frequency approach and distribution of the average power) consist to decompose the current of the load or the current from the pollution source into two components. The dynamic component called high frequency component is assigned to the supercapacitors, and the components which present slow variations or null called low frequency component is attributed to the lithium battery or fuel cell. For reasons of cost, the experimental test bench is carried out in the reduced scale. The obtained experimental results are used to evaluate the performance of topologies and control strategies proposed
Dang, Thanh Thuy Van. "Méthodes pour l'analyse de cycle de vie des batteries lithium-ion des véhicules électriques". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0051.
Pełny tekst źródłaA framework enabling an application of Life Cycle Assessment approach to various technologies of Lithium-ion Electric Vehicles batteries is created. It encompasses all the life cycle of the product (Manufacturing – Use – End of Life). More precisely, a specific LCA database for Li-ion batteries is constructed and batteries life cycle is successfully modeled. Others difficulties are discussed and solved during this works, such as the choice of batteries functional unit, system modularity, uncertainties of the Use phase and of batteries' lifetime, allocation rules for batteries End of Life… A sensibility analysis is carried out and shows that LCA results strongly depend on chosen data and scenarios. Main conclusions obtained from the base case of our studies are: - Climate change potential of a battery is about 10 - 15 kg CO2 éq/kg of batteries. This amount takes into account the manufacturing and the end of life. Others environmental impacts are also quantified (regional impacts such as acidification, eutrophisation; human toxicity and ecotoxicity…). - Batteries LCA results are sensitive regarding to the choice of its materials, of the manufacturing processes and of the geographic parameters. - Materials recovery during the End of Life phase leads to environmental benefit for the global impacts of the batteries. However, it depends on the recycling process (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical), as well as on the nature of recovered materials. - Batteries leasing scenario can help minimizing environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles park. In order to facilitate eco-conception of Li-ion batteries, a simplified LCA model is created, which reduces times and costs of future LCA studies while ensuring the same accuracy
Barré, Anthony. "Analyse statistique de données issues de batteries en usage réel sur des véhicules électriques, pour la compréhension, l’estimation et la gestion des phénomènes de vieillissement". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to different reason The electrical vehicle market is undergoing important developments. However the limits associated with performance represent major drawbacks to increase the sales even more. The batteries performance and lifetime are the main focus of EV users. Batteries are subject to performance loss due to complex phenomena implying interactions between the different life conditions of the battery. In order to improve the understanding and estimation of battery aging, the studies were based on datasets from real use ev batteries. More precisely, this study consists in the adaptation and application of statistical approaches on the available data in order to highlight the interactions between variables, as well as the creation of methods for the estimation of battery performance. The obtained results allowed to illustrate the interests of a statistical approach. For example the demonstration of informations contained in the signals coming from the battery which are useful for the estimation of its state of health
Chauchat, Bertrand. "Chargeur de batteries intégré pour véhicule électrique". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585314.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoucharel, Paul. "Conception des lois de commande optimales pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité globale d'une chaîne de traction automobile". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT060H.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main aim of the study is to determine the minimal fuel consumption of a parallel hybrid vehicle that fulfill the driver's request. First, a model representing the energy flows inside the vehicle was set. Then local control algorithms were developed to determine the optimal gear ratio and torque repartition between the motors by minimizing a criterion including consumption and driveability aspects. A second point of the thesis consists in extracting the optimal behavior of the car on a planned trip. A global optimization that computes the minimal consumption on the planned trip was developed. Considering a vehicle with a navigation system, the analysis of the results allows to improve the gear ratio and the battery charging management of the local algorithms. Fast prototyping tests and vehicle tests were made to validate this approach
Javid, Gelareh. "Contribution à l’estimation de charge et à la gestion optimisée d’une batterie Lithium-ion : application au véhicule électrique". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe State Of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which is used to power the Electric Vehicles (EVs). In this thesis, the accuracy of SOC estimation is investigated using Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) algorithms. To do this, for a one cell Li-ion battery, three new SOC estimator based on different DRNN algorithms are proposed: a Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) method, Robust Long-Short Term Memory (RoLSTM) algorithm, and a Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) technique. Using these, one is not dependent on precise battery models and can avoid complicated mathematical methods especially in a battery pack. In addition, these models are able to precisely estimate the SOC at varying temperature. Also, unlike the traditional recursive neural network where content is re-written at each time, these networks can decide on preserving the current memory through the proposed gateways. In such case, it can easily transfer the information over long paths to receive and maintain long-term dependencies. Comparing the results indicates the BiLSTM network has a better performance than the other two. Moreover, the BiLSTM model can work with longer sequences from two direction, the past and the future, without gradient vanishing problem. This feature helps to select a sequence length as much as a discharge period in one drive cycle, and to have more accuracy in the estimation. Also, this model well behaved against the incorrect initial value of SOC. Finally, a new BiLSTM method introduced to estimate the SOC of a pack of batteries in an Ev. IPG Carmaker software was used to collect data and test the model in the simulation. The results showed that the suggested algorithm can provide a good SOC estimation without using any filter in the Battery Management System (BMS)
Said, Dhaou. "Modèles et protocoles pour les interactions des véhicules électriques mobiles avec la grille". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6055.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerrin, Marion. "Contribution à l'amélioration des batteries au plomb fermées pour l'application au véhicule électrique". Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0185_PERRIN.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Brouji El Hassane. "Prise en compte du vieillissement dans la modélisation des supercondensateurs". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13947/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract
Damay, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modélisation thermique de packs batteries LiFePO4 pour véhicules décarbonés". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2242/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis is included in the global energy-management issue. lts focus is on battery packs for electric or hybrid vehicles. The latter are bound to heat quickly because they're receiving high stresses during operation. Thus, to avoid accelerating the aging process while maintaining a minimal cost, the battery and its cooling system have to be sized optimally. The proposed thermal models can be used to reach this optimal sizing. The electrical losses model has been improved to become stable during the simulations of long driving cycles. The precise study of the strong coupling between electrochemical and thermal behaviors has led to new characterization methods. The "decoupling" of these phenomena improves significantly the models predictions, especially in very stressed operation ranges (low temperature and high power).The precision is better than 1° C, even for several-hours simulations
Dahmane, Yassir. "Gestion d'énergie optimisée étendue véhicules infrastructures". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis is part of the Renault/Centrale Nantes chair on improving the performance of electric vehicles (EV/PHEV). It is dedicated to the problem of the charging management of electric vehicles, using optimization algorithms and smart charging strategies. In this framework, several contributions have been proposed on the topics of smart charging of an EV and the smart energy management of an EV fleet, considering the mobility constraints (desired SOC at the end of the charging and departure time), the temperature of the Li-ion bat teries, the charging infrastructures, and the power grid. On the subject of smart charging of an EV, the contributions focused on the development of embedded algorithms allowing the scheduling of the charging power profile in order to reduce the charging cost. The proposed algorithms take into account the mobility needs of electric vehicle users, and the effect of temperature on the charging power of Li-ion batteries. On the subject of fleet energy management, the contributions focus on centralized algorithms in electric vehicle charging stations. An unidirectional recharging algorithm has been proposed in or der to evaluate the optimal number of electric vehicles to be recharged with a good level of satisfaction of mobility constraints and without any infrastructure reinforcement. The switch to the bidirectional algorithm is due to the exploitation of the V2G functionality, which will allow the participation of electric vehicles in frequency regulation. The proposed contributions on the first topic have the advantage of increasing the estimation accuracy of final SOC in very low temperature, and to be embedded on the EV due to the low computational capacity of the algorithms and the speed of execution. On the other hand, the EV fleet charging manage ment algorithms allow the possibility of large-scale integration of electric vehicles on the grid and show the potential of EVs in contributing to the stability of the power grid by offering ancillary services such as frequency regulation. The algorithms and strategies developed have been tested in simulation and will be tested on an EV charging system. The results obtained have highlighted the benefits of smart charg ing on cost reduction and grid benefits and the importance of electric vehicle fleet charging management in the development of grid services
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
Allègre, Anne-Laure. "Méthodologies de modélisation et de gestion de l’énergie de systèmes de stockage mixtes pour véhicules électriques et hybrides". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10102/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaConventional vehicles are in a critical situation. The solutions Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric vehicle (HEV) need on-board electric energy storage. Generally, batteries are used, and lead some problems as: autonomy, lifetime, weight…The association of two complementary electric Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) could be a good device to ameliorate the on-board storage. The objective of the thesis aims to propose a methodology of study of electric EESs associations for EVs and HEVs in order to deduce model, control and sizing rules. General topology and Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) of mixed EVs are established. The general EMR allows a better analyse of the system and allows simulating all topologies with one program. The general topology allows testing different topologies on a same experimental bench. The EMR is extended to mixed vehicles using three EESs. The modelling methodology is in particular applied to two mixed EVs, and extended to a mixed HEV and a mixed VE using three electric ESSs. The used electric ESSs are constituted of batteries and supercapacitors. The control structures of each vehicle are built, validated in simulation and in experimentation using a reduced scale Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation or on a real vehicle. Different energy management strategies have been developed for the mixed electric car using batteries / supercapacitors. A study shows the influence of these strategies, in particular on the electric consumption of the batteries, their lifetime and their sizing. Some strategies have been validated experimentally on the real mixed electric microbus
Camara, Mamadou Baïlo. "Supercondensateurs pour échange dynamique d'énergie à bord du véhicule électrique hybride : modélisation, étude des convertisseurs et commande". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis subject is the continuity of the works started at L2ES Laboratory within the framework of ECCE program in collaboration with CREEBEL which ensures the financial support. ECCE test bench is a series electrical hybrid vehicle with 4 independent wheels and a rated power of 120kW. The main energy source consists of two diesel motors and each is coupled to one alternator. The produced energy feeds 4 electric traction motors; the remainder is stored by the batteries. This thesis presents the energy coupling strategies between these batteries and the supercapacitors to ensure dynamics in energy supply and storage for the hybrid vehicle. A bibliographical study has allowed to review technical progress and the available applications of the supercapacitors. A simplified model of supercapacitors which accurately translates the behavior of the cells during the charge and discharge is developed. Several DC/DC converters topologies with original strategies of embarked power management are developed. These topologies are based on the Buck-Boost converters and DC/AC-AC/DC converters with high frequency planar transformer. For cost raisons, the experimental test benches have been designed at a reduced scale (1/10). The experimental results obtained have allowed to compare the topologies performances for two control strategies. The polynomial control strategy (RST) is compared to classical PI correctors. These comparative studies have allowed choosing the best topology intended for the supercapacitors coupling to ECCE DC-bus
Mkahl, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation, au dimensionnement et à la gestion des flux énergétiques d’un système de recharge de véhicules électriques : étude de l’interconnexion avec le réseau électrique". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0264/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe strong dependence on oil and ecological and environmental constraints force many car manufacturers to develop new research programs for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and associated infrastructures. The embedded batteries into the EVs can be charged by the electrical network or by another source of renewable energy. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to study a system of EVs charging using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. To do so, a sizing study of the system has been proposed in order to evaluate the energy needs for an EV and determine the quantity of required energy for its propel. The key elements of the system have been sized: photovoltaic panels, storage battery (Lead-acid) and traction battery (Li-ion). From this sizing study and considering the EV characteristics, we determined the energy quantity required for itspropel. With the aim to study the behavior of each system component and analyze its adequacy with the charging process, a modeling study was conducted, and each element is represented by a mathematical model. The performed analysis and comparison of obtained results (simulation results and experimental results) allowed us to validate the developed models. In addition, this modeling study, allowed the validation of the choice of all components of charging system. In fact, the problem was formalized by a linear program with the aim to assign each EV to an adequate charging station. The assignment takes into account various constraints and characteristics of EVs, as well as those of charging stations, traffic conditions, interest points of drivers, etc. The proposed approach allowed to assign adequately and optimally EVs to charging stations while satisfying all constraints
Dudezert, Christophe. "Fatigue des batteries Li-ion dans le cadre d'une utilisation véhicule électrique : impact des conditions d'utilisation sur le vieillissement". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112350.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of Li-ion, in recent decades has contributed to the establishment of standards in terms of mobility. The demand for miniaturization and performance then favored the develpment of secure storage systems and high autonomy, rather than sustainable. The use of these batteries, as part of an automotive appliaction, for which cycle life are defined for periods of 6 to 15 years, pushes the standards. For this application, aging has become a leading criterion in choosing a technology. From this observation arises the need to develop theorical and experimental tools able to assess and ensure a long service life of the battery. Given the diversity of uses in automotive domain, the need for rapid characterization and complexity inherent in the Li-ion systems, the aging problem of a "vehicle powertrain" has been addressed by an elctrochemical "fatigue" approach inspired from mechanical fatigue studies
Thompson, Andrew W. "Essais sur la participation des véhicules électriques sur les marchés de l'énergie : aspects économiques véhicule-à-réseau (V2X) et considérations relatives à la dégradation des batteries". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS466/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaVehicle-to-Anything (V2X) is an umbrella term to explain the use of electric vehicle batteries to derive additional value during times of non-use. V2X services generate revenue from the battery asset through dynamic mono-directional (V1X) or bi-directional (V2X) charging to provide benefits to the electric grid, to reduce energy consumption of buildings and homes, or to provide back-up power to loads. A meta-analysis of economic potential gives results contradictory to the literature and indicates that Bill Management, Resource Adequacy, and Network Deferral are more valuable than Energy Arbitrage and Spinning Reserves. While I concur that development is of and by the market, I emphasize that V2X will develop within the constraints of the regulatory environment; therefore regulators have an enabling role to play.An important question is to what extent additional use of the vehicle battery will affect battery capacity over its lifetime, therefore understanding the intricacies of battery degradation is crucial to estimate costs. Li-ion batteries are complicated electrochemical systems which exhibit two concurrent degradation phenomena, Calendar Aging and Cycling Aging. In vehicular applications, Calendar Aging tends to be the dominating life degradation effect, which reduces to time being the most important component of degradation; therefore degradation cost is fundamentally time-dependent.A central claim of this dissertation is that gls{v2x} Marginal Cost is not zero nor negligible as the economic literature has accepted but is highly dependent on battery degradation. Herein, a gls{v2x} Marginal Cost Theory is proposed which is based on two main principles: 1.) there is an efficiency cost associated with charge operation, and 2.) the true gls{v2x} degradation cost takes opportunity cost into account, that is, only considers degradation beyond what would have been experienced by operating the vehicle normally.Having a clear concept of gls{v2x} Marginal Cost which can properly account for and balance all true costs: the cost of electricity, the system-efficiency costs, and battery degradation, will allow for development of optimal charge strategies and will properly inform energy market bids. This results in a more nuanced understanding of marginal costs as the resultant battery lifetime impact from gls{v2x} can be either be considered a cost, a benefit, or zero. I conclude that gls{v2x} may offer greater economic value than previously understood and that this additional value will be realized through the simultaneous improvement in charge efficiency and reduction of gls{ev} battery degradation
Allali, Nicolas. "Convertisseur haut rendement à dimensionnement réduit pour batterie hybridée puissance/énergie de véhicule électrique : Principe de source de courant contrôlée". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0018/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the development of a power conversion solution, allowing for the coupling of two similar voltage sources. Applied to a combined battery storage sys-tem power/energy for electric vehicles, the proposed solution presents a compromise between production costs, mass and energy performance, providing a better solution than those currently in existence. As such, the two voltage sources are coupled in series with a controlled current source. A structure of the converter allowing the coupling is studied and compared to a classic structure. Finally a demonstrator on a reduced voltage scale has been realized and shows advantages of this converter solution
Castaings, Ali. "Gestion d’énergie de véhicules multi-sources électriques et hybrides au travers de la représentation énergétique macroscopique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoad vehicles are at a turning point of their history. In order to face economic and environmental challenges, road vehicle of the future must be less energy-consuming and less polluting. Multi sources vehicles represent interesting solutions in order to comply with these challenges. However, these vehicles use particularly complex propulsion systems, both on the architecture level and the control level. The management of the different energy sources represents a key issue for the energy efficiency of the vehicles to be designed. It becomes a real challenge as soon as one exceeds the usual number of two sources, as in current hybrid vehicles and mixed electric vehicles (battery and supercapacitors). The objective of the works relative to this thesis is to propose a structured method for the synthesis the energy management in real time, of electric or hybrid multi-sources vehicles. This approach is based on a systemic approach using the modeling and Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) as a tool of assistance to the synthesis of the models and the related control. A systematic way for the synthesis of the strategies based on optimal control, has been associated benefitting from EMR tool. Indeed, EMR respecting “physical” causality (integral causality) on the one hand, and giving a clear distinction between the control level known as “local” and the “strategy” level on the other hand, the formulation of the optimal control problem is carried out and efficiently structured. Thus, on the basis of the electric vehicle case with a multi-source system battery/supercapacitors already studied in the literature, the method was applied for the synthesis of an energy management law based on the optimal control. Then, sources were added to pass to the case of three sources by including a Fuel cell, then four sources by adding a generator set. The developed principles are validated by simulation and experimental tests, in order to assess the feasibility in real time of the developed strategies
Miro, Padovani Thomas. "Loi de gestion d'énergie embarquée pour véhicules hybrides : approche multi-objectif et modulaire". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2047/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe hybrid electric vehicle uses two different energy sources to propel itself: fuel as well as a reversible electric storage system. The energy management strategy aims at supervising the power flows inside the powertrain by choosing the operating points of the different components so as to optimize a given criterion. The energy management strategy is formulated as an optimal control problem where the criterion to be minimized takes into account the total fuel consumption of the vehicle on the considered trip. The optimal solution can be calculated off-line when the vehicle’s mission is perfectly known, an assumption no longer admissible for an embedded strategy whose main objective is to get as close as possible to the optimal result. The work presented in this manuscript highlights the potential of multi-objective optimal control to handle the features’ trade-offs inherent to the development of production vehicle. An energy management strategy taking into account the trade-off between fuel consumption and drivability, as well as one dealing with the trade-off between fuel consumption and battery state of health, are proposed. The presented strategies share a modular approach following the transversal solution of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). As a result, the control policy of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the Mild-Hybrid, together with complex hybrid architectures provided with an automated transmission, two electric machines or two electric storage systems, is tackled through a common base. This approach allows to reduce the development period of the energy management strategies which shares a maximum of common elements
Sassi, Ons. "Planification de la recharge et optimisation des tournées dans le cas de flottes captives". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0303.
Pełny tekst źródłaElectric Vehicles may decrease transportation-related emissions and provide for less dependence on foreign oil. However, electric vehicles are still facing many weaknesses related to the high purchase prices, limited battery range and scarce charging infrastructure. The deployment of electric vehicles must then involve the design and the deployment of charging infrastructures. Within this study, the overall objective is to provide enhanced optimization methods and decision tools for electric vehicles assignment, charging and routing that are relevant to different real-world constraints. Firstly, we propose to study the joint scheduling and optimal charging of electric vehicles problem. This problem consists in assigning a set of already constructed routes to the available electric and conventional vehicles and in, simultaneously, optimizing the electric vehicles charging costs while ensuring that all constraints are satisfied. The objective of this problem is to maximize the use of EVs and to minimize charging costs. Secondly, we propose different extensions to our baseline problem and we vary the objective functions and the considered constraints. Moreover, our problem can be seen as a fixed interval scheduling problem with complementary constraints of energy. We propose then to study the complexity and the approximability of many variants of this new problem. Finally, we consider a new variant of the electric vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and we propose different heuristics and metaheuristics to solve it. We test the different solving methods on benchmark instances and we evaluate the efficiency of each method
Larrue, Philippe. "La coordination des activités de recherche et d'innovation dans les phases d'emergence : les cas des batteries pour véhicules électriques et hybrides". Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40025.
Pełny tekst źródłaDevie, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de l’usage des batteries Lithium-ion dans les véhicules électriques et hybrides : application à l’étude du vieillissement et de la fiabilité". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10231.
Pełny tekst źródłaLithium-ion batteries are being used as energy storage systems in recent electric and hybrid electric vehicles coming to market. Current cycle-life estimation techniques show evidence of discrepancy between laboratory results and real-world results. This work is aimed at characterizing actual battery usage in electrified transportation applications. Factors such as temperature, State Of Charge, Depth Of Discharge, current and voltage have to be carefully considered for accurate cycle-life prediction within a given application. Five electrified vehicles have been studied (two electric bicycles, one light EV, one mainstream HEV and one Heavy-Duty trolleybus). These vehicles have been equipped with sensors and data-logger and then test-driven on open roads under real-world conditions. Large amounts of data have been stored and later processed through an innovative method for analysis of actual usage. This method relies on data mining based on K-means clustering and synthetic duty cycle generation based on Markov chain modeling. Resulting synthetic cycles exhibit features similar to those observed on the large original datasets. This enables accurate prediction of cycle-life through realistic ageing trials of Lithium-ion batteries. Several experimental results are presented in order to assess the fitness of this method
Ammann, Frédérick. "Conception d'un convertisseur d'électronique de puissance pour un système de stokage hybride batteries/super-condensateurs : application dans les véhicules électriques". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1028/1/AMMANN__Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBendjedia, Bachir. "Gestion et optimisation d’énergie électrique avec tolérance aux défauts d’un système hybride PàC/ batterie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS229.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of this thesis is part of a theme that concerns the optimal sizing and energy management resilient to the faults of a multi-source system (hybrid) for the power supply of an electric vehicle. In our case, the storage system consists of a fuel cell as the main source and a secondary source based on a Li-ion battery. The study carried out on the sizing shows the interest of the hybridization compared to a mono-source single battery or fuel cell only system. The interest of this hybridization in terms of weight, volume and cost becomes more and more important by increasing the autonomy of the vehicle. After scaling the hybrid source for a 700 km drive range, we investigated the influence of battery technology and management methods on the performance of the source (volume, mass, cost, electrical stress applied to the components and the hydrogen consumption of the Fuel Cell / Battery system).The sizing part is followed by the development of an original energy management strategy based on the state of charge of the battery (SOC) to adapt the operating limits of the fuel cell. The results obtained with this method are compared with two other online energy management strategies namely, the frequency division method and the use of a fuzzy supervisor. The strategy developed gave good experimental results in terms of constraints seen by cells and hydrogen consumption. Despite a good sizing of the on-board source and a good optimization of the energy management method, the system is not immune from the fault and can be the seat of several faults that can appear at voltage sensors. and current. In order to ensure the service continuity of the hybrid system in the presence of these faults, a fault-tolerant control strategy has been developed in order to guarantee the stability of the hybrid Fuel Cell/ Battery system and to ensure acceptable performance in degraded mode
Houbbadi, Adnane. "Optimisation multicritère de la gestion de la recharge d'une flotte de bus électriques". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1014.
Pełny tekst źródłaElectro-mobility is increasing significantly in the urban public transport and continues to face important challenges. Electric bus fleets require high performance and extended longevity of lithium-ion battery in highly variable temperature and operating conditions. On the other hand, bus operators are more and more concerned in reducing operation and maintenance cost, which is sensitive to battery aging cost and represents a significant economic parameter for the deployment of electric bus fleets. This thesis presents a methodological approach for optimizing the overnight charging of an electric bus fleet to the depot. This approach is based on both charging scheduling and power modulation in order to minimize a given criterion or several criteria at the same time (e.g. the charging cost, the effective power, battery aging ...). This approach uses an exact optimization methods or Metaheuristics methods according to the type of optimization (mono-objective or multi- objective) and according to the criterion while taking into account the constraints related to bus operating conditions, charging infrastructure and the power grid. This approach has been developed to take into account several battery’s technologies as well as different types of recharging. An electro-thermal and aging model of lithium-ion batteries was developed based on existing models, literature as well as experimental tests. This allowed us to take into account the dynamics of the battery and predict the evolution of its performance when it is subject to variable conditions of use. To illustrate this methodology, a case study was presented in the last chapter and allows a smart managing of large-scale fleet of electric buses that try to maximize in particular the battery lifetime
Landry-Blais, Alexandre. "Modélisation du système de gestion thermique d’un véhicule hybride rechargeable". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6615.
Pełny tekst źródłaDo, Dinh Vinh. "Diagnostic de batteries lithium ion dans les applications embarquées". Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1884.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the hybrid and electric vehicles, a battery management system is required to supervise and optimize the electrical energy management. State of charge and state of health are key parameters to supervise the good use and to contribute to enhance the life time of the battery. This work consists in implementing a real time observer in order to supervise key parameters of the battery. An extended Kalman filter based on a lumped battery model is used to achieve this goal. A lumped model has been defined to consider the electrochemical phenomena, and has been linked with a thermal model to take into account the influence of the temperature. A strategy to set up the Kalman filter has been proposed to get a fast and accurate convergence of the state of charge observation despite bad initialisations. Extensions have been implemented to take into account the influence of the aging on the battery’s dynamic model. All the models have been simplified in order to be implementable on an embedded digital signal processor. The real time state of charge observer has been validated on a lithium ion cell for different operating conditions
Reymond, Cédric. "Conception d'une structure innovante de convertisseur AC-DC de type Totem-pole avec correction du facteur de puissance : application aux chargeurs de batteries des véhicules électriques". Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4015.
Pełny tekst źródłaGovernments empower states over the environment with implementation of solution to clean up the electricity production sources. In 2020, 20% of the produced energy will be generated by renewable energies. However, theses green energies are occasional and require a huge storage capacitance for the local smart grids management. This solution puts two new issues: the necessity of having a bidirectional converter and the inrush currents management. To facilitate the study of these problems, the thesis suggests binding through a power balance, the performances of the current limiter on an innovative topology converter. This analysis highlight an alternative solution of inrush current strategy in energy conversion. Finally, a novel control circuit for SCRs/Triacs components will be proposed and characterized for landing one of the constraints linked to the converter reversibility
Coron, Eddy. "Diagnostic d'état de santé des batteries au lithium utilisées dans les véhicules électriques et destinées à des applications en seconde vie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI017.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent improvements in the properties of lithium-ion batteries, including their cyclability and specific capacity, have enabled the electrification of the vehicle fleet to begin. With few years, this development generates a large stock of used batteries. Along with their recycling, their reuse in a second life is of economic interest and can participate in the integration of intermittent energies into the electrical network. In this thesis work, the influence of the first life on the viability of the second life of Li-ion batteries is studied. Distinct degradation mechanisms are deliberately generated, by imposing different aging protocols on two types of 18650 cells. At the end of this first artificial life, various non-destructive diagnostic tools (impedance spectroscopy, resistance measurements, differential voltage analysis) are subjected to electrochemical characterisations of the electrodes in order to evaluate their accuracy. Some of these cells are then subjected to a second life, a reduced rate cycling protocol in the case of this study. Regardless of the first life, we observe that the generation of lithium plating affects the batteries during their second life. However, depending on the degradation caused in the first life, the kinetics of the appearance of plating are modified. The measurement of the internal resistance of batteries appears to be a first tool, easy-to-implement, for the prognosis of their second life. Depending on the type of cell used and the second life application chosen, the charging rate and the maximum voltage limit must be in line with the internal resistance measurement of the used cells. The importance of the state of health of cells, that is to say their residual capacity, also appears important and tools for rapid estimation of this are proposed, from capacity measurements on fractions of the cell voltage curve. Finally, after the issue of second life longevity, that of the safety of these batteries is assessed, revealing the deleterious impact of lithium plating and pointing out the need for effective thermal management
Beaude, Olivier. "Modélisation et optimisation de l'interaction entre véhicules électriques et réseaux d'électricité : apport de la théorie des jeux". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS131/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the technical and economical interaction between electric vehicles and electrical networks. The recent development of electric mobility leads to the analysis of potential impacts of electric vehicle charging on the electrical networks, but also to the possible support that these particular electric consumers could provide in the future smart grids. In this direction, most of the results given in this thesis also apply to a washing machine, a water-heater, a TV, as soon as these equipments are capable of being smart! When the decisions of flexible electric consumers interact, the considered framework naturally offers a unique exercise area for the tools of game-theory. The interpretation is straightforward when the considered problem is strategic by definition, but these tools allow also shedding light on other aspects: algorithmic coordination, information exchange, etc. The description of the benefits of using game-theory in this context is the aim of this work. This is done according to three aspects. In these three directions, a particular attention is drawn to the case of rectangular charging profiles, which are very practical, but often ignored by the literature. First, algorithmic issues arise when coordinating the charging of electric vehicles in a same area of the electrical network. A charging algorithm is proposed and analyzed. This is done by studying an underlying auxiliary game. This game is proved to belong to the class of potential games under very general physical and economic assumptions. In turn, it inherits from the strong properties of this class of games, namely convergence and an efficiency result in the case of a large number of electric vehicles. Considering information exchange, a model is proposed to design a good communication scheme between an operator of the electrical system and an electric vehicle. Both agents have an interest in exchanging information to schedule optimally the charging profile of the electric vehicle but they do not share the same objective. This framework is closely related to Cheap-talk in game theory and to quantization in signal processing. Amongst others, this work explains interesting connections between both topics. Furthermore, a method, which is used offline, is given to obtain a good communication mechanism between both agents. Finally, game theory is used in its traditional form, studying the strategic interaction when groups of a large number of electric vehicles – seen as fleets – coexist with individual vehicles. This allows the application of the very recent concept of composite games. In the three parts of the work, simulations are conducted in a French realistic distribution network, which could be the first part of the electrical system severely impacted by a non-coordinated charging. This highlights the robustness of rectangular charging profiles against forecasting errors on the parameters of the models
Marzouk, Mounir. "Développement de chargeurs intégrés pour véhicules hybrides plug-in". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT088/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis consists on the design and realization of a plug-in hybrid vehicle integrated tractiondrive supply. The work turns to a solution of a mutualized converter, in the objective to imagine asolution which shared drive and battery chargers modes, the three-level NPC topology has beenretained. The single phase charger is based on an interleaved PWM rectifier, and motor windings areused as smoothing inductors. A double-boost PFC configuration is introduced to ensure the threephasecharger. Passives are sized in each configuration in order to take in account the whole currentconstraints (LF and HF). The PFC behavior is based on the resonant controllers. Then, a 5 kWprototype has been realized to validate the different application modes.In a second part, a single-stage isolated charger based on a Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) isproposed. The topology is modeled to the fundamental and the PFC control law is studied. A threephaseconfiguration is simulated in order to achieve higher charging powers and to reduce batterycurrent low-frequency ripple
Devie, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de l'usage des batteries Lithium-ion dans les véhicules électriques et hybrides. Application à l'étude du vieillissement et de la fiabilité". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783338.
Pełny tekst źródłaLièvre, Aurélien. "Développement d'un système de gestion de batterie lithium-ion à destination de véhicules "mild hybrid" : détermination des indicateurs d'état (SoC, SoH et SoF)". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10065/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHybrid vehicles are developing with increasing use of energy storage elements based on lithium-ion battery. In this context, the use of battery is atypical and highly dependent on energy allocation strategies within the vehicle. Among these vehicles, the mild hybrid category retains heat engine for the autonomy that offer and adds to it an electric machine associated with a reversible storage system, to allow the kinetic energy recovery of the vehicle. The object of this work involves the development of algorithms for determining the states of charge (SoC) and health (SoH) and function (SoF) of each cell that compose a lithium-ion battery pack. These features are implemented in a Battery Management System (BMS) for industrial production. In order to reduce production costs, our work attempts to limit the computing power and the measuring sensors necessary for these states determination. From battery measurements in a "mild hybrid" use, developed methods allow the states determination, as well as some of the internal parameters of cells. This application is characterized by high currents and maintaining a SoC of around 50%, in order to maximize the availability of the battery and to minimize aging. The use of observers and estimators, using a simplified model cell, allows us to achieve satisfactory results with a reduced computing power