Rozprawy doktorskie: „Vegetation communities”

1

Shutler, Dave. "Post-fire bird communities and vegetation complexity". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66273.

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2

Ramos, Paulo Cezar Mendes. "Vegetation communities and soils in the National Park of Brasilia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25111.

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This research is an initial step in a long term study of vegetation communities of the Brasilia National Park. The vegetation contained within this reserve is representative of an increasingly threatened savannah ecosystem (known locally as cerrado), which extends across much of central and northern Brazil. An intensive study focusing on both the principal woody vegetation communities of the National Park and their associated soils, was undertaken. Data was collected from two years of continual fieldwork between October 1990 and 1992. This in itself is the first systematic survey of its kind ever to be carried out within the National Park of Brasilia. Vegetation and soils were selected for analysis from a total of twenty six sample sites using the point quarter centre method (PCQ). There was considerable heterogeneity in the species sampled. While this can be largely attributed to soil moisture gradients, other factors like variations in fertility and topography, or the presence of ironstone layers and sandstone outcrops, are all seen to be influential. Even so, the dynamics of these vegetation communities cannot be fully appreciated without considering the important role of fire in this context. This study confirms that the cerrado ecosystem has a highly diverse flora. Nine different plant communities were identified within the National Park; cerrado open scrub (campo sujo), cerrado scrub (campo cerrado), cerrado scrub with emergents (Vochysietum), campo rupestre, cerrado rupestre, cerrado sensu strictu, as well as dry, wet and flooded gallery forests. Even within these different communities, (and this is especially true of the gallery forests), both the distribution of species and their diversity was seen to be high. In all, a total of 380 species, with individuals having a basal girth exceeding five centimetres, were recorded.

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3

Hooks, Philip N. "A vegetation study of the communities on Mount Mulanje, Malawi". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26178.

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4

Howe, Chris. "Ground-dwelling vertebrate communities in remnant vegetation within Bluegum plantations". Thesis, Howe, Chris (2008) Ground-dwelling vertebrate communities in remnant vegetation within Bluegum plantations. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32596/.

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5

Hansel, James R. "INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON WOODY RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1113852536.

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6

Accad, Arnon. "Vegetation communities modelling using GIS-Integrated statistical, ecological and data models /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17703.pdf.

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7

Gercke, Diane Marie. "A Method for Rapid Assessment of Historic Fire-Dependent Vegetation Communities". NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01032006-171428/.

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In the effort to restore historic landscapes, it is necessary to first specify spatially explicit target vegetation communities. Previously, botanists or other local experts have used landscape and environmental factors, historical evidence, and evidence from remnant vegetation to define presettlement vegetation communities on the landscape. Once these communities are defined, they must be mapped in order to be truly understandable and useful. Efforts to map the location of these presettlement communities on a particular landscape are often laborious and time consuming. In this study, we discuss a rapid method for assessing the location of these vegetation communities using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the current science of fire behavior modeling. Fire behavior models are proven predictors of fire intensities across a landscape, considering vegetation, slope, aspect, wind, and weather. Our hypothesis was that these fire behavior models could be used to make inferences about presettlement vegetation community distributions in former frequent-fire landscapes. GIS software was used to find simple combinations of variables associated with vegetation distribution, including soil type, aspect, slope, and orientation to gradient winds. A conventional fire model (FlamMap) was then used to find areas that are distinctly fire sheltered. In a survey of 78 fire sheltered community sites visited on the study landscape, 91% of the areas were considered to be correctly identified based on the presence of remnant presettlement vegetation indicator species. Success in finding a single community as related to a specified range of fire behavior outputs suggests that there is potential for expanded utility of fire models in making inferences about vegetative distribution on the frequent-fire landscape. The fire model adds to the utility of the GIS by considering the effects of fire spread direction and variation in fuel moistures in conjunction with terrain variables. The resulting fire intensity outputs represent environmental effects on vegetation distribution that cannot be modeled solely with a GIS. A final presettlement vegetation layer was completed for the study site, located at Fort Bragg on the Southeastern coastal plain of North Carolina, and compared to a layer generated by an extensive 2-year study considered to be definitive. The results showed an overall map accuracy of 78 percent for the proposed procedure. This output may be used as a preliminary map that, in conjunction with ground-truthing, will shorten the process of mapping presettlement vegetation for use in the restoration of historic fire dependent communities.

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8

Hodgson, Patricia Ruth. "Characteristics of urbanization that influence bird communities in suburban remnant vegetation". Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060724.134345/index.html.

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9

Keljo, Kurt S. "EFFECTS OF HYDROLOGIC PULSING AND VEGETATION ON INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN WETLANDS". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243968714.

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10

von, Behren Christa. "Composition and Dispersal Dynamics of Vegetation Communities in Urban Riparian Forests". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4409.

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In urban riparian areas, vegetation composition may be affected by urban land use changes at both the stream reach and the watershed scale. Moreover, the mechanisms by which seeds disperse may be affected both by reduction in seed sources due to vegetation removal and by the urban stream syndrome that produces flashier hydrographs and incised channels. I hypothesized that vegetation communities with high cover of native and hydrophilic species would be found in watersheds with high forest cover, while more limited cover of these species would be found in highly developed watersheds. Additionally, to examine the dispersal mechanisms contributing to these patterns, I hypothesized that 1) more seeds would be deposited in riparian areas by water than by wind; 2) the number of seeds deposited by streams would decrease as watershed urbanization increased; and 3) seeds deposited in the most urbanized sites would be primarily from species with traits favoring deposition by water, including large seed size and presence of a dispersal appendage. To investigate relationships between urban land cover types and riparian vegetation, I surveyed 30 randomly-selected riparian forests in the Portland-Vancouver metro area and related vegetation assemblages to watershed land cover. Vegetation was mapped to the nearest 1cm along three transects in each site. Land cover was characterized both within a 500m buffer around each site, and within the entire watershed. Relationships between land cover and vegetation assemblages were investigated using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and classification trees. To investigate the effect of watershed urbanization intensity on riparian seed deposition, I collected seeds deposited in nine riparian sites along a gradient of watershed total impervious area (TIA). I used a stratified-random approach to select sites. In each site, wind-deposited seeds were collected in funnel traps three times, and water-deposited seeds were collected in turf traps four times, over a 15-month period, spanning both wet and dry seasons. Consistent with my first hypothesis, communities dominated by native understory species were found exclusively in watersheds that were at least 15% forested by evergreen canopy. These findings suggest that native understory communities can persist in urban areas if adequate surrounding forest cover is maintained. Regarding my second major hypothesis, significantly more seeds were deposited by water than by wind (p < 0.05; mean of 155 seeds per turf trap; mean of 30 seeds per funnel trap). For shrubs, for species primarily dispersed by animals, and for species under 15m tall, hydrochory significantly increased delivery to riparian areas over the background seed delivery rate measured in funnel traps. There was a significant reduction in the number of seeds deposited by streams as TIA increased (adjusted R² = 0.74; p < 0.01). Deposition of shade-tolerant seeds decreased significantly, while deposition of non-native seeds increased significantly (p < 0.05) with watershed TIA and with development within 500m from the site, likely due to alterations of seed source pools of these species. Findings indicate that in an urban setting, small streams have the capacity to act as dispersal vectors, connecting fragmented populations that may otherwise be seedlimited. Riparian forests with diverse understory assemblages maintained by ongoing seed deposition may persist in urban areas with sufficient watershed forest, as well as with low development cover, in both the whole watershed and the near-stream area. Total seed deposition by streams, as well as deposition of shade-tolerant species, can be expected to decrease with increased watershed development. Results suggest that passive approaches to restoration of riparian forest understories in urban watersheds will only likely be successful with sufficiently high forest cover and with restricted development.

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11

Ferreira, Carla Sofia Borges Pinto da Cruz. "Temporary ponds vegetation and dynamics:SW Portugal". Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2862.

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12

Swanepoel, Barbara Anna. "The vegetation ecology of Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, Bronkhorstspruit, South Africa". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09142007-143511.

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13

Palo, Anneli. "Relationships between landscape factors and vegetation site types : case study from Saare County, Estonia /". Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2005. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/1303/5/palo.pdf.

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14

Adams, Graham R. "The management of remnant native vegetation in heritage agreement areas /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva213.pdf.

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15

Welling, P. (Pirjo). "Regeneration by seeds and vegetation structure in alpine plant communities, subarctic Finland". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951426861X.

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Abstract The aims were to examine the importance of regeneration by seeds, the influence of plant traits and disturbances, and the role of seed-seedling conflicts in regeneration and in the determination of vegetation structure. The study was carried out at in a subarctic alpine area (Kilpisjärvi 69°01'N 20°50E', Finland). Seed bank and seedling densities were high in many plant communities (ranges 99 -1109 viable seeds/m2 and 0.2-227 seedlings/m2, respectively). Effective seedling recruitment is reflected in vegetation as a high proportion of plants with poor or no vegetative reproduction ability. This development may take place in meadows and snowbeds where herbs (e.g. Gnaphalium supinum, Sibbaldia procumbens, Veronica alpina and Viola biflora) are abundant. On the other hand, the low proportion of these plants in heath vegetation reflects ineffective seedling recruitment. Floristic similarities between the consecutive phases in the regeneration pathway may be low despite effective seedling recruitment. Clonality, large and small seed sizes and appendaged diaspores limit the movement of species from phase to phase. Generally, disturbances facilitate effective regeneration by seeds. Grazing promotes species with large seed banks and is therefore one reason for high seed bank densities. Freezing and melting processes negate a negative influence of altitude on seed bank densities in the phase of seedlings. However, if disturbances are severe and continuous and the soil is compact, unstable or dry, disturbances are not beneficial. The same is true if there is a shift in the species composition of seedlings from gaps to closed vegetation. This phenomenon occurred in a rich meadow. Seed-seedling conflicts limit regeneration by seeds in low-herb snowbeds and Ranunculus glacialis-Gymnomitrion snowbeds. Vegetative reproduction and infrequent pulses of seedling recruitment negate an influence of short-term seedling recruitment on the spatial structure of vegetation. Extreme conditions, such as low temperatures, instability of the soil and late snowmelt modify the influence of factors that are important in more moderate conditions. To conclude, all transitions limit regeneration by seeds. However, favourable conditions (e.g. moist conditions in a meadow) partly eliminate the obstacles against seedling emergence. Regeneration by seeds therefore has a major impact on the dynamics and structure of vegetation. In heath vegetation, where bare soils are dry and the moss cover is thick, large seed banks and seed rains do not guarantee effective seedling recruitment. The regeneration process is reduced in the early phases, and plants that reproduce primarily by seeds have a minor role in vegetation. The accumulation of seed banks is effective in these circumstances.

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16

Newman, Reginald Frank. "Vegetation recovery and plant diversity dynamics in grassland communities following herbicide treatment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29086.pdf.

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17

Khan, Shujaul Mulk. "Plant communities and vegetation ecosystem services in the Naran Valley, Western Himalaya". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10835.

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The Naran Valley, western Himalayas, is of high floristic interest owing to its geographic location and altitudinal range. It represents other remote Himalayan valleys where rugged terrain and geopolitics restrict plant biodiversity and conservation assessment, but has experienced no previous quantitative ecological or ethnobotanical research. This study had three objectives: (i) assess species distributions and plant communities using phytosociological techniques; (ii) identify environmental gradients responsible for vegetation variation; (iii) quantify vegetation ecosystem services for indigenous people. Species attributes were measured along altitudinal gradients using transect and quadrat methods on slopes with different aspects (elevation range 2400-4100 m). One hundred and ninety-eight plant species from 68 families were quantified along 24 transects. Classification and ordination techniques (PCORD & CANOCO) identified 5 major plant communities. Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) and assortment of fidelity classes identified indicator/characteristic species. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed altitude and aspect to be the strongest drivers of community classification. The vegetation changed from a moist-cool temperate community characterised by woody species, to dry-cold subalpine and alpine herbaceous communities both along valley sides and at higher elevations. Plant species diversity reached an optimum at mid-altitude (2800-3400 m) as compared to lower (2400-2800 m) and higher elevations (3400-4100 m). Questionnaire methods were used to record and quantify plant uses and indigenous ethnobotanical knowledge. Plant Use Values (UV) were calculated using quantitative ethnobotanical techniques while the phytosociological data yielded Importance Values (IV). UV and IV data were combined to illustrate anthropogenic influences, with a focus on rare, endangered and endemic species. This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of (i) plant diversity in the Western Himalayas; (ii) ethnobotanical and ecosystem service values of mountain vegetation within the context of anthropogenic impacts; (iii) local and regional plant conservation strategies and priorities.

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18

Link, Austin. "Restoration of Upland and Riparian Vegetation Communities in the Sheyenne River Valley". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27509.

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Degraded rangelands and riparian woodlands in eastern North Dakota are increasing in frequency. Two studies were conducted to address reduced forage quantity and quality and reduced regeneration of riparian tree and shrub species. Research objectives were to (1) analyze multiple pre-seeding treatments to determine impacts on rangeland production of interseeded native species; and (2) determine if fencing, weed-barrier fabric, mowing, or herbicide treatments can increase survivability of riparian tree and shrub seedling plantings. Pre-seeding treatments with herbicide showed significantly higher production of native species than the control. High-fencing/mowing treatment and high-fencing/weed-barrier fabric/herbicide treatment in riparian tree and shrub plantings resulted in significantly higher survival than the control. These findings will be used to develop future research and management strategies.
Robert H. Levis II Cross Ranch Fellowship
Gladys Allen Trust of St. Louis
Red River Regional Council
North Dakota Department of Health
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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19

Sullivan, Rachel Kuhaneck. "Vegetation on Riprapped Shorelines: Implications for Invertebrate Communities andRestoration of Nearshore Areas". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1383830064.

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20

Welling, Pirjo. "Regeneration by seeds and vegetation structure in alpine plant communities, subarctic Finland /". Oulu : Oulun Yliopisto, 2002. http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn951426861X/.

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21

Vogiatzakis, Ioannis Nikolaou. "Predicting the distribution of plant communities in the Lefka Ori, Crete, using GIS". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366329.

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22

Oppermann, Alison. "Introduced plant invasion in small remnants of native vegetation /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo62.pdf.

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23

Mann, Nicole Jean. "A reconstruction of the mid-to late Pleistocene plant community along the southwestern coast of South Africa using phytolith evidence". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27237.

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The sites of Elandsfontein (EFT) and Duinefontein (DFT) preserve important records of mid-Pleistocene human occupation along South Africa's southwestern coast. In addition to human fossils in the case of EFT, both sites have produced extensive collections of artefacts and faunal remains. Analyses of the latter have provided the broad environmental contexts for mid-Pleistocene human occupation along this coast. Recently, research into landscape use by mid-Pleistocene human populations at EFT and DFT has highlighted the need for more precise palaeoenvironmental data for the region. In response to this need, I analysed plant phytoliths extracted from sediments sampled at EFT and DFT. The results of this analysis are reported and interpreted in this thesis. To assist with the interpretation of the EFT and DFT phytolith assemblages, I established a modern phytolith reference collection. In addition, pre-existing phytolith collections were examined and literature was consulted. Phytoliths extracted from modern and mid-Pleistocene aged sediments sampled at different localities at EFT and DFT were identified and tallied to determine vegetation composition during the middle Pleistocene. Distinctions were made between "grassier" and "more woody" samples. Analyses of modern plant samples confirmed that grass species produced abundant phytoliths, whereas the majority of dicotyledons did not produce diagnostic morphotypes. Phytoliths belonging to grass species currently growing in the region were identified in the modern sediment samples, as were non-grass phytoliths that included those from woody dicotyledonous and monocotyledon plants. The majority of the mid-Pleistocene sediment samples from EFT produced varying proportions of grass, woody dicotyledon, monocotyledon, sedge and palm type phytoliths which are characteristic of cool-season growing landscapes. In comparison to EFT, the late mid- Pleistocene sediment samples from DFT contained fewer phytoliths. These results suggest that the conditions at DFT were either not conducive to the preservation of phytoliths or that the vegetation was sparse and/or did not produce abundant phytoliths. Where sufficient phytoliths were preserved, assemblages suggested landscapes similar to that of EFT. In summary, analyses suggest that during the middle to late Pleistocene, a heterogeneous vegetation community, consisting primarily of C₃ grasses, woody dicotyledons and other monocotyledonous plants existed along South Africa's southwest coast. Furthermore, results support the longterm presence of the winter rainfall zone in the region. This study demonstrates the potential of phytolith analysis as an important proxy in determining the composition of palaeo-vegetation communities in South Africa. Although there were limitations that necessitated the broad classification of phytolith groups, the study nevertheless provided more precise information, particularly about mid-Pleistocene vegetation structure, that was not previously available.

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24

Sams, Brent Shipley. "Forest dynamics of pine- and oak-dominated communities on southeastern-facing slopes of Warm Springs Mountain, Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76803.

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Warm Springs Mountain (WSM), a priority conservation area for The Nature Conservancy in Bath County, Virginia, is home to a rare montane pine barren and large tracts of uninterrupted mixed pine and deciduous forest extending east into the George Washington National Forest. Limited documentation of past disturbances and their influence on WSM forests presents challenges for land managers desiring to understand historic conditions for these ecosystems. The only formal study of vegetation dynamics on WSM noted an absence of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) regeneration and an increase in fire-intolerant species during recent decades in the pine barren community that is probably linked to fire suppression. Dendrochronological studies of disturbance history in the central and southern Appalachians have mostly focused on ridgetop and southwestern-facing slopes. This study examines long-term forest dynamics in the pine- and oak-dominated forests on southeastern slopes of Warm Springs Mountain and downslope from the higher elevation pine barren using dendrochronology and vegetation analysis. We studied trees in six 20 x 50 m plots to develop a tree ring chronology and document changes in stand composition and structure through time. We found an increase in fire-intolerant species and decline in fire-dependent pines and oaks through time. Pitch pines have not recruited since 1954 in our sites due to a lack of burning, while Acer rubrum L. has produced high numbers of seedlings in recent years. This study of vegetation dynamics over space and time will provide insights for land managers and inform fire restoration practices.
Master of Science

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25

Birch, Natalie Vivienne Evans. "The vegetation potential of natural rangelands in the mid-Fish River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa : towards a sustainable and acceptable management system /". Connect to this title online, 2000. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/32/.

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26

Khajeddin, Sayed Jamaleddin. "A survey of the plant communities of the Jazmorian, Iran, using Landsat MSS data". Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320549.

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27

Canney, S. M. "Satellite mapping of vegetation change : human impact in an East African semi-arid savanna". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365299.

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28

Hackett, D. J. "Factors affecting the distribution of plant communities of dolomitised and non-dolomitised limestone in the eastern Corbieres, France". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355935.

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29

Carruthers, Sandy. "The effects of weed invasion on native plants communities : a case study of the creekbank vegetation communities of Morialta Conservation Park /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arc319.pdf.

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30

Hill, Trevor Raymond. "Contemporary pollen spectra from the Natal Drakensberg and their relation to associated vegetation communities". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003768.

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The research focuses on the contemporary pollen rain-vegetation relationship for vegetation communities within the Natal Drakensberg, a region which is recognized as having the potential for extensive palynological investigations. The objective was to investigate the fundamental assumption underlying palynology, viz: that the pollen rain of a particular region is indicative or representative of the existing vegetation of that region. If the modern pollen rain is indicative of and/or distinctive for a particular vegetation community then the principle of methodological uniformitarianism can be applied, which states that the present day patterns and relationships can provide a factual basis for the reconstruction of the past through the extrapolation of modern analogues backwards in time. A vegetation survey was conducted in thirteen communities identified as pertinent to the research and a two-year modern pollen rain sampling programme was carried out, using both surface soil and pollen trap samples as a means of recording and quantifying the pollen rain. Once the necessary sample preparation and pollen counts had been performed, descriptive and numerical/statistical methods were employed to determine and describe the existing pollen-vegetation relationship. Descriptive analysis of the data sets was carried out with the aid of spectra depicted as rotated bar graphs and representing the relative percentage frequencies of the collected/counted taxa. Annual and seasonal pollen influx values were calculated and presented. Analysis of variance was applied to test various hypotheses related to sampling strategy and pollen influx variation. Statistical methods employed were two-way indicator species analysis (a classification analysis technique), detrended correspondence analysis and principal components analysis (ordination techniques), canonical correlation analysis (for data set association) and multiple discriminant analysis (for determination of vegetation zonal indices). The latter technique allowed for the probability of modern analogues to be assessed which are necessary for accurate interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages if the assumption under investigation is correct. The findings of the study were that the modern pollen rain-vegetation assumption holds true. Recommendations are put forward regarding future contemporary pollen studies with regards to the number of soil and pollen trap samples required, the magnitude of the pollen count and the numerical/statistical techniques most appropriate to clearly interpret the results. The conclusions are that future fossil pollen spectra can be expected to provide a good indication of former regional vegetation patterns for the study region. The study has extended the limited understanding of the contemporary pollen rain-vegetation relationship in South Africa and enables the interpretation of fossil pollen spectra to be carried out with greater confidence. This in turn lends greater credibility to possible Quaternary environmental change models required to help understand present and possible future environmental change.

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31

McCloskey, Jon T. "Evaluating effects of fire management policy on vegetation communities in the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McCloskeyJT2006.pdf.

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32

Slater, Steven J. "Wyoming's riparian bird communities issues of scale and human-caused vegetation and landscape change /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1212779261&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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33

Danahar, Gary William. "The influence of vegetation and microclimate in the structure of chalk grassland leafhopper communities". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285347.

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34

Smith, Caitlin Langworthy. "Effects of Sediment Removal on Vegetation Communities in Prairie Pothole Wetlands in North Dakota". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29314.

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The goal of this study was to assess effects of sediment removal on vegetation communities in Prairie Pothole wetlands in North Dakota to determine if this management technique is providing desired results to create conditions for ideal vegetation communities in wetlands that will benefit wildlife. This project consists of vegetation surveys from seasonal wetlands located in Benson, Eddy. Towner. and Wells counties in North Dakota. Three types of wetlands were surveyed: natural (reference), excavated (treatment), and converted cropland. Vegetation surveys were completed in the shallow marsh and wet meadow zones of seasonal wetlands. Sites were sampled using a modified Daubenmire method. Aerial photos were assessed to determine the occurrence of drawdown cycles in wetland sites. Plant communities were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling and multi-response permutation procedure was used to make comparisons between sites. The wet meadow zones and shallow marsh zones of the three types of wetlands were all significantly different (p<0.016) from one another. In general, restored wetlands show vegetation trends that liken natural wetlands while those that have been allowed to recover without restoration tend to be cattail choked. When examining hybrid cattail specifically visual obstruction scores were approximately four times greater in converted cropland sites versus treatment or reference sites. Vegetation composition indicates hydrologic conditions (fresh to brackish conditions) of specific sites and regional distribution are likely influential factors in wetland plant establishment.
North Dakota State University
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Ducks Unlimited

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35

Schaumann, Friederike. "Terricolous bryophyte vegetation of chilean temperate rain forests : communities, adaptive strategies and divergence patterns /". Berlin : J. Cramer, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401353009.

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36

Grace, Kevin. "Phosphorus removal and soil stability within emergent and submerged vegetation communities in treatment wetlands". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001219.

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37

Palisaar, Jaan. "The floodplain meadows of Soomaa National Park, Estonia vegetation - dispersal - regeneration /". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2006/705/.

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38

Bollinger, Ann P. "Vegetation trends after wildfire on sagebrush/grass and shadscale plant communities in north-central Nevada". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447608.

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Reinecke, Michiel Karl. "Links between lateral riparian vegetation zones and flow". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95482.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Riparian vegetation communities that occur along perennial rivers are structured in lateral zones that run parallel to river flow. This dissertation investigated the structure of South African riparian vegetation communities along perennial, single-thread headwater streams. The central assumption was that lateral zones result from differential species’ responses to changing abiotic factors along a lateral gradient up the river bank. It was first necessary to establish the pattern of zones and whether this pattern occurs repetitively and predictably on different rivers in different biomes. Since the flow regime is considered to be the master variable that controls the occurrence of lateral zones, the link between flow as the major abiotic driver and the distribution of plants in zones was determined. Predictions were made with respect to how variable flow may influence phenological traits, particularly with respect to seed dispersal, and physiological tolerances to drying out and were tested. The existence of lateral zones at reference sites in the Western Cape of South Africa was explored and their vegetation characteristics were described. Plant distribution was related to bank slope, as defined by elevation and distance from the wetted channel edge during summer (dry season) low flow, indicating a direct link to river bank hydraulics. Whether or not the same zonation patterns occur in riparian communities in other parts of South Africa was explored next. The four zones described for Fynbos Riparian Vegetation were evident at all of the other rivers tested, despite major differences in geographic location, vegetation community type, climate and patterns of seasonal flow. The four lateral zones could be separated from each other using a combination of flood recurrence and inundation duration. Functional differences were investigated between three tree species that occur in Fynbos Riparian Vegetation. Functional differences were apparent with respect to timing of seed dispersal, growth in branch length versus girth and three physiological measures of tolerance to drying out; specific leaf area (cm2.g-1), wood density (g.cm-3) and levels of carbon isotopes (δ13C). In order to determine the impact of invasive alien plants and to monitor recovery after clearing, the physical rules devised to help delineate zones were used to locate lateral zones that had been obliterated after invasion and subsequent clearing. At the sites invaded by A. mearnsii plants, the zone delineations showed that invasion started in the lower dynamic zone, where adult and sapling A. mearnsii were most abundant. In un-invaded systems, this zone was the least densely vegetated of the four zones, the most varied in terms of inundation duration and the frequency of inter- and intra-annual floods, and was an area of active recruitment comprised mainly of recruiting seedlings and saplings. An understanding of the functional differences between lateral zones was a common thread at each riparian community that was linked to the annual frequency of inundation and the period, when inundated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oewer plantegroei gemeenskappe wat langs standhoudende riviere voorkom is gestruktureer in laterale sones parallel met die rivier vloei. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die struktuur van Suid-Afrikaanse oewer plantegroei gemeenskappe langs standhoudende, enkelloop hoof strome. Die sentrale aanname was dat laterale sones vorm as gevolg van verskillende spesies se reaksie teenoor die verandering van abiotiese faktore teen 'n laterale gradiënt met die rivierbank op. Dit was eers nodig om die patroon van die gebiede vas te stel en uit te vind of hierdie patroon herhaaldelik en voorspelbaar binne verskillende riviere in verskillende biome voorkom. Aangesien die vloeiwyse beskou word as die hoof veranderlike wat die teenwoordigheid van laterale sones beheer, is die skakel tussen die vloei, as die belangrikste abiotiese bestuurder, en die verspreiding van plante in sones bepaal. Voorspellings is gemaak met betrekking tot hoe veranderlike vloei fenologiese eienskappe kan beïnvloed, veral met betrekking tot die saad verspreiding, en fisiologiese toleransie teen uitdroog, en is getoets. Die bestaan van laterale sones binne verwysings studie terreine in die Wes-Kaap van Suid- Afrika is ondersoek en hul plantegroei eienskappe is beskryf. Plant verspreiding was verwant aan bank helling, soos gedefinieer deur hoogte en afstand vanaf die nat kanaal rand gedurende somer (droë seisoen) lae vloei, en dui dus op 'n direkte skakel met die rivier bank hidroulika. Of dieselfde sonering patrone voorkom in oewer gemeenskappe in ander dele van Suid-Afrika is volgende verken. Die vier sones beskryf vir fynbos oewer plantegroei was duidelik by al die ander riviere wat ondersoek is, ten spyte van groot verskille in geografiese ligging, plantegroei gemeenskap tipe, klimaat en patrone van seisoenale vloei. Die vier laterale sones kan onderskei word van mekaar deur middel van 'n kombinasie van vloed herhaling en oorstroomde toestand duur. Funksionele verskille is ondersoek tussen drie boom spesies wat voorkom in Fynbos Oewer Plantegroei. Funksionele verskille was duidelik met betrekking tot tydsberekening van saad verspreiding, groei in tak lengte tenoor omtrek, en drie fisiologiese maatstawwe van verdraagsaamheid teenoor uitdroging; spesifieke blaar area (cm2.g-1), hout digtheid (g.cm-3) en vlakke van koolstof isotope (δ13C). Ten einde die impak van indringerplante te bepaal en die herstel na ontbossing te monitor is die fisiese reëls voorheen vasgestel om sones te help baken gebruik om laterale sones, wat vernietig is na indringing en die daaropvolgende ontbossing, te vind. Op die terreine wat deur A. mearnsii indringerplante binnegeval is, het die indeling van sones getoon dat die indringing begin het in die laer dinamiese sone, waar volwasse en klein A. mearnsii bome die volopste was. In stelsels wat nie binnegeval is deur indringerplante was hierdie sone die minste dig begroei van die vier sones, die mees verskillend in terme van oorstroomde toestand duur en die frekwensie van inter-en intra-jaarlikse vloede, en was 'n gebied van aktiewe werwing hoofsaaklik bestaande uit rekruut saailinge en boompies. 'n Begrip van die funksionele verskille tussen laterale sones was 'n algemene verskynsel by elke oewer gemeenskap wat gekoppel was aan die jaarlikse frekwensie van oorstroming en die oorstroomde toestand duur.

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Diamond, Seth J. "Vegetation, wildlife, and human foraging in prehistoric western Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45956.

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To improve the study and management of Havens Wildlife Management Area (HWMA) in Roanoke County, Virginia, the ecological history of the Ridge and Valley Province of Virginia was investigated. Palynological, paleontological, archaeological, and historical data were synthesized into a comprehensive history of the region's vegetation, fauna, and humans from 25,000 B.P. to Euroamerican settlement. A linear programming model was developed to examine the relationship between the energy demand of a human band and the food resources of HWMA 2,500 years ago. The model was based on the assumption that prehistoric human foraging was impelled by the need to satisfy energy requirements and that prehistoric human foragers strove for maximum energetic efficiency. The model was driven by an objective function, that minimized the cost (expressed in hours of labor) of the human foragers' diet. Constraints on the achievement of this goal were the available metabolizable energy in selected mountain food resources and the energy demand of a 25-person band. The product of the model was a regimen of food resources that met the band's annual energy requirement at the lowest cost. The model predicted that fall was the dominant foraging season on HWMA. Chestnut was the major food resource, satisfying 54% of the bandâ s annual energy demand. Additional primary resources were opossum and raccoon, elk, woodchuck, white-tailed deer, and black bear. Secondary and tertiary resources were passenger pigeon, bitter acorns, hickory nuts, and false Solomon's seal rhizomes. Marginal food resources were wild turkey, Jack-in-the-pulpit corms, eastern cottontail, gray squirrel, sweet acorns, and box turtle. An annual foraging strategy with a fall-winter focus in mountain ecosystems and a spring-summer focus in lowland ecosystems was suggested by the model. A comparison of the model results with an archaeological data indicated that hickory nuts were over represented and chestnuts underrepresented at archaeological sites, and that clothing, not food, limited human population density in upland western Virginia ecosystems.
Master of Science

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Bonyongo, Mpaphi Casper. "Vegetation ecology of the seasonal floodplains in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". Diss., Connect to this title online, 1999. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03012007-103712/.

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Gustafson, Tomas Berg Åke. "Bird communities and vegetation on Swedish wet meadows : importance of management regimes and landscape composition /". Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001234/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.
Errata sheet inserted. Appendix includes reproductions of papers and manuscripts co-authored with Åke Berg. Includes bibliographical references. Issued also electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.

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Aberton, Michael J., i lswan@deakin edu au. "The use of phosphite as a control for Phytophthora cinnamomi in southeastern Victorian vegetation communities". Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060921.150649.

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One of the major aims of the research presented in this thesis was to assist managers of native vegetation communities in southeastern Australia in understanding the dynamics of P. cinnamomi with an important ecological species, Xanthorrhoea australis. It trialed the use of phosphite in large-scale field applications to establish the usefulness of this management option for the first time on Victorian flora. This thesis describes the process of disease development within mature X. Australia plants. For the first time it was shown that within X. australis plants, secondary disease symptoms are related to the percentage of stem that has been infested by the disease. It was evident that after initial invasion the pathogen moves via root xylem and throughout the plant within vascular to the stem, especially within the desmium. The research shows that the pathogen could not be isolated consistently even though it was considered to be responsible for disease symptoms. Trials of a control fungicide (Foli-R-fos 200) shows that protection occurs in many susceptible plants when 2 and 6g a.i./L phosphite is applied. Phytotoxicity occurred in native plants at Anglesea and within controlled environment trials when using ≥ 6g a.i./L. It will be shown that 2g a.i./L phosphite controls disease in sprayed plots within heathlands at Anglesea and a recently burnt coastal woodland community at Wilsons Promontory. The proportion of healthy X. australis plants treated with phosphite was significantly higher than the proportion in control plots without phosphite. The research shows that phosphite was recovered from leaves of three species treated with Foli-R-fos 200 in the field. For the first time it has been shown that seed germination was reduced in two species when high concentrations of phosphite were applied. The first documentation of the effect that phosphite has on soil properties showed that nitrogen and oxidised organic carbon were the only parameters to alter significantly. This thesis provides answers to some important questions, answers that can now be used by managers in formulating better policies and actions at an operational level. There has been a dire need in Victoria to address many issues regarding P. cinnamomi and this thesis provides relevant and informative approaches to disease control, and a better understanding of the disease progress.

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Gustafson, Tomas. "Bird communities and vegetation on Swedish wet meadows : importance of management regimes and landscape composition /". Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001234/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.
Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/28/2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print. Print version includes appendices.

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McFerran, Damian Martin. "The impact of burning and grazing on upland vegetation and invertebrate communities in County Antrim". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334583.

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Balcombe, Collins K. "An evaluation of vegetation and wildlife communities in mitigation and natural wetlands of West Virginia". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2857.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 417 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Ludwig, Raymond Francis. "Variability and Drivers of Forest Communities at the Great Dismal Swamp". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84343.

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The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) is a forested peatland located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Once a mosaic of wetland communities, disturbances (e.g., timber harvesting and ditching) have resulted in altered hydrologic regime, homogenized forest communities, and increased peat subsidence. In response, hydrologic restoration and forest management aim to enhance community composition and function. To help inform these efforts, we investigated variability and drivers of forest communities by surveying vegetation composition and structure, hydrologic indicators, and soil properties at 79 monitoring plots across GDS. Data were augmented with modeled water levels and peat depths. Our results demonstrate red maple (Acer rubrum) dominance across GDS, which decreases tree density, richness, and diversity. However, hierarchical cluster analysis identified four community types: Gum (G), Maple-Gum (M-G), Sweetgum-Maple (SG-M), and Maple (M). These communities differed in tree composition and structure; differences in other growth forms (shrubs, herbaceous, and regeneration) were limited. Modeled water levels failed to explain vegetation differences, but community associations with soil properties suggest that communities exist along a hydrologic gradient. Specifically, the G community likely exists on wetter sites whereas SG-M communities occur at drier locations. Maple-dominated communities (M and M-G; 78% of plots) likely occur across broader hydrologic gradients, explaining their dominance. However, more characterization of hydrology (i.e., time-varying water levels and soil moisture) and other drivers (e.g., site history and soil hydraulics) is needed to further explain community variation. As such, we propose future strategies for long-term monitoring to inform ongoing hydrologic restoration and forest management efforts.
Master of Science

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Foy, Elizabeth Christina. "Riparian vegetation and forest structure of two unregulated tributaries, compared to the regulated Snake River, Grand Teton NP, WY". Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/foy/FoyE1208.pdf.

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The dynamic nature of rivers shapes riparian plant communities, and changes to the flow regime can have profound effects on these diverse ecosystems. To examine how riparian plant communities of the dam-regulated Snake River in Grand Teton National Park, WY respond to hydro-geomorphological factors, I studied the vegetation of two unregulated tributaries, Pacific Creek and Buffalo Fork, in relation to the main river. I considered three perspectives in this analysis. In chapter 2, I examined hydro-geomorphological processes shaping riparian vegetation in naturally flowing systems, by evaluating 15 environmental variables, and determining which were most related to vegetation. Using cluster analysis, I identified six distinct communities. I described environmental conditions associated with each community, using the unconstrained ordination technique NMDS, coupled with generalized additive models (GAMs). Community types occur on characteristic geomorphologic landforms. Depth to gravel, soil texture, pH, distance to bankfull channel, and elevation above water are all related to vegetation, and interact to determine where community types occur. In my third chapter, I compared the vegetation of the unregulated tributaries to the Snake River, as a means of assessing dam effects. Species richness per plot is higher on the tributaries, despite higher overall richness on the Snake River. Through the use of NMDS ordination and clustering techniques, I found the composition of the upper section of the Snake River, immediately below the dam, to be distinct. However, this section is naturally more incised, and the lower sections of the river do not seem to be influenced, suggesting dam impacts on vegetation are minimal. Environmental variables related to vegetation composition include elevation above water, depth to gravel, and geomorphological landform. In chapter 4, I compared age class distributions of spruce and cottonwoods across river sections, and found no evidence for a late-successional trend on the regulated river, versus unregulated tributaries. Age distribution is related to geomorphological landform, and browing also influences forest structure through root coppicing. Forest understory communities are structured by cottonwood age.

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Mhuireach, Gwynhwyfer. "Relationships Among Airborne Microbial Communities, Urban Land Uses and Vegetation Cover: Implications for Urban Planning and Human Health". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23814.

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Variation in exposure to environmental microbial communities has been implicated in the etiology of allergies, asthma and other chronic and immune disorders. In particular, preliminary research suggests that exposure to a high diversity of microbes during early life, for example through living in highly vegetated environments like farms or forests, may have specific health benefits, including immune system development and stimulation. In the face of rapidly growing cities and potential reductions in urban greenspace, it is vital to clarify our understanding of the relationship between vegetation and microbial communities so that we can better design cities that support human health. To explore whether and how urban airborne bacterial communities vary with the amount and structural diversity of nearby vegetation, I used passive air sampling and culture-independent microbial DNA sequencing combined with more traditional landscape architecture tools, including geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing data. The results indicated that locations with little vegetation (i.e., paved parking lots) were marked by significantly different bacterial composition from areas that were heavily vegetated (parks and forests). These differences were largely driven by taxonomic groups and indicator species that were enriched at certain sites. My work also shows that regional agricultural activities during the summer may have a substantial effect on airborne bacterial communities in the Eugene-Springfield metropolitan area (Oregon), specifically through elevated abundance of Sphingomonas faeni, a taxon previously isolated from hay dust. The second part of my work focused on building a conceptual bridge between scientific findings and potential design principles that can be tested in practical application. I performed a narrative review of vegetation-health, vegetation-microbe, and microbe-health relationships, which formed the foundation of a framework to translate scientific findings into design-relevant concepts. Strengthening this linkage between science and design will help ensure that research questions are relevant to design practice and that new scientific knowledge is accessible to designers. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
2020-09-06

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Ussery, Joel G. "Managing invasive plant species in Garry oak meadow vegetation communities, a case study of scotch broom". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24257.pdf.

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