Artykuły w czasopismach: „VCR ENGINE”

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Shaik, Amjad, N. Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi i R. Rudramoorthy. "Variable compression ratio engine: A future power plant for automobiles - an overview". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, nr 9 (1.09.2007): 1159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto573.

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Increasingly stringent emissions and fuel economy standards have long remained a source of challenges for research in automobile engine technology development towards the more thermally efficient and less polluting engine. Spark ignition (SI) engines have lower part-load efficiency when compared with the diesel engines. The greatest opportunity for improving SI engine efficiency is by way of higher compression ratio, variable valve timing, low friction, reducing throttling losses, boosting, and down-sizing. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the fuel economy of SI engines. In order to vary the compression ratio, some method of varying the geometric compression ratio through changing the clearance volume is required. There are several ways of doing this; various patents have been filed and designs presented, including modification of the compression ratio by moving the cylinder head, variation of combustion chamber volume using a secondary piston or valve, variation of piston deck height, modification of connecting rod geometry, moving the crankpin within the crankshaft, and moving the crankshaft axis. The potential of these technologies needs to be evaluated by a trade-off between cost and consumption benefit. This paper reviews the geometric approaches and solutions used to achieve VCR, considers the results of prior research, and forecasts what benefits, if any, a VCR would bring to present engine design.

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Urbański, Patryk, Maciej Bajerlein, Jerzy Merkisz, Andrzej Ziółkowski i Dawid Gallas. "Analysis of thermodynamic parameters in spark ignition VCR engine". MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929405001.

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3D models of Szymkowiak and conventional engines were created in the Solidworks program. During the motion analysis, the characteristics of the piston path were analyzed for the two considered engine units. The imported file with the generated piston routes was used in the AVL Fire program, which simulated combustion processes in the two engines with identical initial conditions. The configurations for two different compression ratios were taken into account. The basic thermodynamic parameters occurring during the combustion process in internal combustion engines were analyzed.

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Mo, Young Kwang, Jae Kyung Shim, Seung Woo Kwak, Min Seok Jo i Ho Sung Park. "Type Synthesis of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Mechanisms". Applied Sciences 10, nr 18 (20.09.2020): 6574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186574.

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Type synthesis of two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) planar mechanisms has been carried out using graph theory to determine the possible kinematic structures of variable compression ratio (VCR) engine mechanisms with two to three independent loops, and has resulted in the structures of 87 mechanisms satisfying search specification. By applying evaluation criteria to the enumerated mechanisms, the kinematic structures of three mechanisms are selected as suitable VCR engine mechanisms and verified by analysis results. In this research, VCR engine mechanisms with revolute joints and only one prismatic joint are enumerated, and the basic method to determine the VCR engine mechanisms with higher pairs is discussed. The procedure used in this research can be utilized to determine the kinematic structures of desired mechanisms and the results can be used as an atlas of two-DOF adjustable slider-crank mechanisms.

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Udya Sri, K., B. S. N. Murthy i N. Mohan Rao. "Experimental study of VCR engine performance analysis using python module". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012179.

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Abstract Petroleum is non-renewable supply of energy and also the diminution of natural fuel resources, leads to explore for various fuels for cars. The critical search for various fuels for compression ignition engines has been paying interest on fuels obtained from hydrogen and linseed oil plays a significant role in alternate fuel for C.I Engines. The aim of this research effort is to appraise the property of Linseed oil and Hydrogen as dual blend recital on a variable Compression ratio diesel engine. This really provides the discharge individualism of linseed oil amalgamated with gas and its blends with diesel and are taken up for study. Vertical, 4-stroke, water cooled VCR engine with Linseed oil blends for a extensive series of engine load conditions such as Diesel, B10, B20, B40 along with 5lpm, 10lpm and 15lpm of hydrogen were performed. The brake thermal competence of B20 is found nearly closer to diesel fuel with minimum vibrations and less emissions of CO, hydro carbons HC and slight increase in NOx when compared to fossil fuels. During the experiments, vibrations, performance uniqueness of the test engine was analysed and compared with the precise VCR diesel vibrations, fuel performance. The results obtained by using Python module and the best suited code is derived and found that the combined increase of compression ratio and injecting timing increases the brake thermal efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption. This module helps and reduces each load variations and performances compared tp experimental. Diesel (25%) saved, will greatly meet the demand of fuel in automobiles.

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Kwak, Seung Woo, Jae Kyung Shim i Young Kwang Mo. "Kinematic Conceptual Design of In-Line Four-Cylinder Variable Compression Ratio Engine Mechanisms Considering Vertical Second Harmonic Acceleration". Applied Sciences 10, nr 11 (29.05.2020): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113765.

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In the in-line four-cylinder engine, it is well known that the shaking force is due to the vertical second harmonic acceleration components of the pistons. This paper proposes a kinematic conceptual design method to determine the kinematic structure of a feasible in-line four-cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine and its dimensions that would yield a lower vertical second harmonic acceleration at joints. Through type and dimensional synthesis, candidate VCR engine mechanisms are chosen and their dimensions satisfying design specifications are determined. Based on the analysis of the vertical second harmonic acceleration components at the joints, a feasible mechanism for an in-line four-cylinder VCR engine is selected. Then, the method finds the dimensions that yield a nearly minimized sum of the vertical second harmonic acceleration at each joint by adjusting the link lengths within specified tolerances. For validation, the result is compared with that of a constrained optimization using MATLAB. The proposed method would be useful at the conceptual design stage of multi-link multi-cylinder VCR and variable-stroke engine mechanisms where the second harmonic acceleration is an important design factor in the automotive industrial applications.

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Subhanandh, B. V., N. Abilash i P. Saji Raveendran. "Investigation of emission and performance analysis of honne oil in VCR diesel engine". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012065.

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Abstract The world is facing two serious problems: energy crises and pollution. The daily increase in industrialization and the number of automobiles is the reason for these two problems. This work focus on to analyse the performance characteristics and emission parameters of the diesel engine for the blend of calophyllum inophyllum (Honne oil) Biodiesel blend (B10, B20 and B30) and Also find out how they affect the performance of the I.C Engine. While testing, the compression ratio of the engine was in the range of 15 to 18. Then speed of the engine is constant (1500 rpm). In conventional diesel engines and exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (Nox), hydrocarbons (HC) has been reduced. Considering that, by using this hybrid system, the thermal performance and the emission system must be investigated.

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Chen, Wang, Liu i Yang. "Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Hydraulic Continuous Variable Compression Ratio System". Applied Sciences 9, nr 21 (23.10.2019): 4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214484.

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Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the engine performance, efficiency, and fuel economy of automobiles, with reduced emissions. In this paper, a novel hydraulic continuous VCR system based on the principle of an adjustable hydraulic volume is introduced. The continuous variable compression ratio of the VCR system is realized by the hydraulic system controlling the rotation of the eccentric pin to change the positions of the top dead center (TDC) and the bottom dead center (BDC). The construction of the mathematical model and simulation model of the VCR system is also presented in this paper. The piston motion characteristics, flow characteristics, and pressure characteristics of the hydraulic system of the VCR system at different engine speeds and adjustment quantities are studied by simulation in this paper. The simulation results show that the VCR system has a fast response and good dynamic characteristics, and can achieve continuous adjustment of the compression ratio.

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Lin, Jiansheng, i Shu Yang. "A Predictive Study of a New VCR Engine with High Expansion Ratio and High-Efficiency Potential under Heavy Load Conditions". Energies 13, nr 7 (2.04.2020): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071655.

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Facing the future, whether working alone or with electric motors, a new type of variable compression ratio (VCR) engine that can achieve a high thermal efficiency under heavy load conditions is necessary. Hence, we propose a dual shaft control variable compression ratio (DSC-VCR) engine based on a gear-driven eccentric sleeve. With the improved position of gears, DSC-VCR allows for double larger gears to share the load, and the engine can operate with a larger eccentric size and a narrower adjustment range compared to other similar mechanisms. This helps to reduce the difficulty of chamber shape design, avoid collisions between valves and piston, and above all, makes the engine operate with a larger overexpansion ratio (OER, the ratio of expansion stroke and compression stroke) under all conditions to improve engine efficiency. Based on a 1.5 T four-cylinder engine, the OER can be increased to over 1.16 with the eccentric size of 6.5 mm. According to the theoretical thermal efficiency calculation while considering turbocharging, the per millimeter increase of eccentric size improves the theoretical efficiency by 0.0025–0.006. The predictive simulation presented that the reduction of residual gas helps to increase the compression ratio (CR) from 9.5 to 10.1 under a full load condition. Larger OERs and CRs help to reduce brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 6%–8%. In the case of a 75% load, about 3.51% of efficiency increase was realized. All of these prove that DSC-VCR is a high-efficiency potential mechanism for the future.

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Khan, Ibraheem Raza. "Study of Variable Compression Ratio Engine (VCR) and Different Innovations to Achieve VCR". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, nr XI (22.11.2017): 1473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11213.

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Chaudhari, Ashish J., Dnyaneshwar Panchal, Shankar Kolekar, Swapnil Kadav, Harshal Moradiya i Vinay D. Patel. "Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Novel Variable Compression Ratio Mechanism". Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, nr 11 (1.11.2020): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2608.

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Increasingly stringent emission and fuel economy standards brings opportunities and research in automobile engine technology development to make it more efficient and less polluting. There are various performance improvement strategies adopted by different researchers in order to get maximum power from the minimum quantity of fuel alongside substantial reduction in exhaust gas emission. The techniques such as CRDI (Common Rail Direct Injection), VVT (Variable valve timing) and such more are commercially viable and successfully incorporated in vehicles. Along the similar track, this paper highlights the importance of variable compression ratio diesel engine, method of achieving the variable compression ratio (VCR) as per load and speed conditions. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology is one of the method for improving the automobile engine performance, efficiency, fuel economy with reduced emission for range of fuels. The basis of the VCR engine is to operate at different compression ratio, by altering the combustion chamber volume, as per need of most suitable operating conditions. Apart from this, the fuel injection location needs to be varied as per load and speed conditions. The synchronization of both VCR and variable fuel injector location (VFIL) becomes important. Knowing this fact, the study for the diesel Comet engine (3.7 kW@2100 RPM) is undertaken for variable clearance volume accompanied with VIPL. The work consists of design and development of mechanism consisting of auxiliary cylinder and auxiliary piston which will operate in and out of combustion chamber as per load and speed conditions. The detailed drawings and complete experimentation will be carried out to judge the improvement of performance of diesel engine with modification of variable clearance volume concept. The performance parameters consist of brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption under various load conditions.

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PYSZCZEK, Rafał, Paweł MAZURO, Agnieszka JACH i Andrzej TEODORCZYK. "Numerical investigation on low calorific syngas combustion in the opposed-piston engine". Combustion Engines 169, nr 2 (1.05.2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-210.

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The aim of this study was to investigate a possibility of using gaseous fuels of a low calorific value as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Such fuels can come from organic matter decomposition (biogas), oil production (flare gas) or gasification of materials containing carbon (syngas). The utilization of syngas in the barrel type Opposed-Piston (OP) engine arrangement is of particular interest for the authors. A robust design, high mechanical efficiency and relatively easy incorporation of Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) makes the OP engine an ideal candidate for running on a low calorific fuel of various compostion. Furthermore, the possibility of online compression ratio adjustment allows for engine the operation in Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) mode for high efficiency and low emission. In order to investigate engine operation on low calorific gaseous fuel authors performed 3D CFD numerical simulations of scavenging and combustion processes in the 2-stroke barrel type Opposed-Piston engine with use of the AVL Fire solver. Firstly, engine operation on natural gas with ignition from diesel pilot was analysed as a reference. Then, combustion of syngas in two different modes was investigated – with ignition from diesel pilot and with Controlled Auto-Ignition. Final engine operating points were specified and corresponding emissions were calculated and compared. Results suggest that engine operation on syngas might be limited due to misfire of diesel pilot or excessive heat releas which might lead to knock. A solution proposed by authors for syngas is CAI combustion which can be controlled with application of VCR and with adjustment of air excess ratio. Based on preformed simulations it was shown that low calorific syngas can be used as a fuel for power generation in the Opposed-Piston engine which is currently under development at Warsaw University of Technology.

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Patel, Vimal. "Performance Investigation of Variable Compression Ratio Engine". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 10 (31.10.2021): 1296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38577.

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Abstract: Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine test can be used to determine the effect of Compression Ratio (CR) on the performance and emissions of the engine. The combustion situation, when provided with a pressure transducer. The performance frequency parameters like efficiencies, power, and specific fuel consumption are determined. The combustion phenomenon is also observed through this work, we can find the optimum compression ratio for which the best performance is possible. In order to find out the optimum compression ratio, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder four-stroke variable compression ratio engine. Tests were carried out at compression ratios of 18, 17, and 16 at different loads the performance characteristics of the engine like Brake power (BP), Thermal Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). A variable compression ratio engine is able to operate at different compression ratios, depending on particular vehicle performance needs. The VCR engine is optimized for the full range of driving conditions, as acceleration, speed, and load. Keywords: Performance, Compression ratio, Load, Break Power, William Line’s Method, Emission, Thermal Efficiency, Diesel Engine, Fuel Consumption

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ŁAZIŃSKI, Przemysław, Michał GŁOGOWSKI i Jacek LEYKO. "Research on a prototype spark ignition (SI) variable compression ratio engine fitted with a pneumatic energy accumulator". Combustion Engines 159, nr 4 (1.10.2014): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116931.

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The paper describes investigations performed on a prototype variable compression ratio engine fitted with a pneumatic energy accumulator. The engine was built in the Chair of Vehicles and Basics of Machine Design at Lodz University of Technology. Due to the design and principle of operation, the engine may be an alternative to the already existing VCR engines. The pneumatic energy accumulator fitted in the cylinder head with an additional moving piston allows continuous adjustment of the compression ratio. The system is adaptive and adjusts itself to the engine load, reducing the increment of maximum pressure inside the cylinder. The research focuses on the influence of adjustment parameters of the energy accumulator on the movement of the additional piston and engine performance. Engine operation stability and reproducibility of the cycles has also been investigated. An attempt was made to characterize the engine and the energy accumulator in terms of efficiency and range of applicability (profitability of application).

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KOMATSUBARA, Hidenori, i Sadatomo KURIBAYASHI. "Research and development of new variable compression ratio (VCR) engine mechanism (1st report, Basic characteristics and design of VCR engine mechanism)". Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 84, nr 860 (2018): 17–00372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.17-00372.

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WOŚ, Paweł, Artur JAWORSKI, Hubert KUSZEWSKI, Kazimierz LEJDA i Adam USTRZYCKI. "Technical and operating problems yielded from setting up the optimum value of geometric compression ratio in piston engines". Combustion Engines 164, nr 1 (1.02.2016): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116483.

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The article discusses the problem of choosing the optimal compression ratio value in internal combustion engines at their design phase, according to todays development trends toward high economy and ecology of road transportation and the divers expectations in vehicle use and performance. Because the variable compression ratio technology VCR is not yet developed well enough to be implemented into the mass production of engines in the near future, the choice of compression ratio value is always a serious task for constructors to find a compromise between the functional engine properties, operational characteristics, engine efficiency, the powertrain design complexity, and finally the exhaust emission level. Therefore, the paper examines the impact of the compression ratio on the combustion engine parameters mentioned above and presents some innovative designs, where the settings of the compression ratio value beyond the conventional range is connected with using additional solutions in design structure and control systems, with modifications corresponding to the working process in these engines.

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Thirunavukkarasu, R., A. Vadivel i R. Prakash. "Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of VCR Engine by Using Ceramic Coating on the Piston Crown with Using Methanol Fuel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (październik 2016): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.101.

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The world faces the energy demand, exaggerated crude rates and reduce of fuel resources. Methanol has been considered as an alternate fuel. . The current study takes out an experiment of using methanol in VCR engine. They are blended with diesel at various mixing ratios. The results of methyl alcohol works in engine were checked in an exceedingly single cylinder, direct injection, water cooled and high speed VCR internal combustion engine at varied engine load with constant engine speed of 1500rpm conjointly we tend to mistreatment the limit coated piston with MgO-ZrO2 and Al2O3-13%TiO2 to investigation on performance and emission characteristics. The limit coating materials has low thermal conduction, low thermal expansion and high young’s modules. The influences of blends on CO, CO2, HC, NOX were investigated by emission tests. The brake thermal efficiency of mix M20 was found on top of diesel. The emissions of smoke, hydro carbon and chemical element oxides of methyl alcohol blends were on top of that of diesel. However the CO2 emission is higher once we compare with diesel.

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Muthuluru Rajesh et al.,, Muthuluru Rajesh et al ,. "Experimental Investigation of Dual Biodiesel by using VCR Engine". International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, nr 3 (2020): 1395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020123.

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Ganji, Prabhakara Rao, Al-Qarttani Abdulrahman Shakir Mahmood, Aasrith Kandula, Vysyaraju Rajesh Khana Raju i Surapaneni Srinivasa Rao. "Parametric Optimization Through Numerical Simulation of VCR Diesel Engine". Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 98, nr 4 (17.06.2016): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-016-0298-x.

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Pesic, R., i S. Milojevic. "Efficiency and ecological characteristics of a VCR diesel engine". International Journal of Automotive Technology 14, nr 5 (20.09.2013): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-013-0073-4.

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KURIBAYASHI, Sadatomo, i Hidenori KOMATSUBARA. "Research and development of new variable compression ratio (VCR) engine mechanism (2nd Report, Dynamics analysis and vibration experiment of VCR engine mechanism)". Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, nr 870 (2019): 18–00222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.18-00222.

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Tiwari, Anshu, Harshita Goyal i Mayank Bajpai Akshat Garg Aditya Kumar Ashish Malik. "Performance and Emissions Analysis of VCR Engine Using Waste Mustard Cooking Oil". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (30.06.2018): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14229.

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Gururaj, T. R., i A. K. Mehta. "Assessment of hand-transmitted vibration in self propelled vertical conveyor reaper". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 13, nr 2 (15.10.2020): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/13.2/167-174.

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The self propelled vertical conveyor reaper is commonly used for harvesting wheat, rice etc. It has become a main or the sole of mechanical power source on small and medium size farms in India. The operators of VCR are exposed to a high level of vibration arising from single cylinder engine during field operations. The vibration from the VCR is transmitted from handle to hands, arms and shoulders. The detrimental effect of the prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration on the operators has been known for a long time. In the present study, experiments were conducted to assess the vibration extent in VCR for two operational conditions i.e. transportation on bitumen road and wheat harvesting operation. The vibrations were measured at engine speed 2200 and 2800 rpm. In this study it was found that the vibration magnitudes decreased with increase in engine speed from 2200 to 2800 rpm in both operational conditions. The highest vibration values were observed in x-direction. The maximum frequency-weighted vibration acceleration (rms) in x-direction was 18.76 and 22.8 ms-2 in transportation and wheat harvesting. One third octave band frequency spectra were also obtained. The peak acceleration appeared around 50 Hz for both transportation and wheat harvesting at engine speed 2200 and 2800 rpm. The average 8 hour exposure time for occurrence of white finger syndrome was 1.16 and 0.93 years at transportation and wheat harvesting operation.

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G. Chatur, Madhuri, Anil Maheshwari i Srinidhi Campli. "Investigation Of Waste Cooking Oil-Diesel Blend With Copper Oxide Additives As Fuel For Diesel Engine Under Variations In Fuel Injection Pressure". 3C Tecnología_Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme 12, nr 01 (31.03.2023): 202–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2023.v12n1e43.202-223.

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Fuel Injection is a significant factor when biodiesel-diesel blends are fired in diesel engines as they have very diverse property when related to diesel. The current work describes unusual experimental study of CI engine fuelled with Waste cooking methyl ester with copper oxide nano additives at varying fuel injection pressures. The Copper oxide nano additives were manufactured using homogenous addition method and were subjected to studies such as XRD and SEM characterization. These synthesized nanoparticles were later added in waste cooking oil biodiesel blend (WCO20) with levels of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40ppm. The results were noted from a DI-CI VCR engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The addition of CuO particles reduces the ignition delay of WCO20 and raises the thermal efficiency of the engine by an average of 3.9% and limits HC emission by 15.6%.

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Pillai, Sundar Kamalesan, Udayakumar Rajamanickam i Shashank Khurana. "Impact of Diethyl Ether on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a VCR Diesel Engine Fueled by Dual Biodiesel". Energies 16, nr 13 (22.06.2023): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16134863.

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Biodiesel is widely known as the alternative fuel for the diesel engine, but it comes with its fair share of challenges. To minimize the pertinent drawbacks, fuel additives become an essential tool and help improve renewable fuel’s properties. In this current research, biodiesel is obtained from rice bran oil and cotton seed oil, with diethyl ether as an additive. Diethyl ether is known for good oxygen content, high cetane number, and low viscosity. Experiments were performed on a variable compression ratio engine at a compression ratio of 18:1, and the injection pressure (170 bar, 180 bar, 190 bar and 200 bar) and the injection timing (20, 21, 22 and 23°bTDC) with four different dual biodiesel blends (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume). Different ratios of 1%, 2.5% and 5% of diethyl ether with biodiesel combination were examined in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. The engine emission and performance features were discussed at different loads and constant engine speeds. It was observed that using 5% of diethyl ether with biodiesel blends improved brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption and decreased carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions. The reduction of oxides of nitrogen emission contributes to biodiesel’s acceptability for the environment’s benefit. This investigation found that diethyl ether, along with dual biodiesel blends, has a better viability in diesel engines.

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Mallesham, Dandu, J. Krishnaraj i CH Ravikiran. "Performance and emission study of sesbania aculeate biodiesel in a VCR diesel engine". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, nr 4 (23.12.2020): 7551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.4.2020.21.0595.

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The increasing energy demand and pollution due to fossil fuels influence the necessity of finding a appropriate alternative fuel for a cleaner environment and to sustain the usage of diesel engines in the automobile sector. This research focuses on such exploration of new alternative fuel (biodiesel) and to study its effect on emission and the performance parameters at a 1500 rpm constant speed on a 4-stroke, single-cylinder, variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine. The biodiesel from the sesbania aculeate seed oil is produced through the transesterification process. The blends of sesbania aculeate oil methyl ester (SAOME) with diesel mixture SAOME10, SAOME20, SAOME30, and SAOME40 are used as fuels at various engine loads (20% to 100%) and different compression ratios (CR) (16.5, 17.5 and 18.5). The emission and performance indicators of the proposed biodiesel are analyzed and an evaluation is made with diesel. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that for SAOME20, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are respectively 12.3% lesser and 8.21% higher than diesel under peak load at CR 18.5. Also the experimental investigation confirms a significant emission decrease in NOX, HC, and CO when there is an increase in CR and load.

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Ketabgian, Tamara. "Prosthetic Divinity: Babbage's Engine, Spiritual Intelligence, and the Senses". Victorian Review 35, nr 2 (2009): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2009.0034.

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Gururaj, T. R., i A. K. Mehta. "Study on reduction of hand-transmitted vibration in self propelled vertical conveyor reaper by isolators". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 13, nr 2 (15.10.2020): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/13.2/212-219.

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The self propelled vertical conveyor reaper is commonly used for harvesting wheat, rice etc. It has become a main or the sole of mechanical power source on small and medium size farms in India. The operators of VCR are exposed to a high level of vibration arising from single cylinder engine during field operations. The vibration from the VCR is transmitted from handle to hands, arms and shoulders. In the present study, experiments were conducted to reduce the vibration extent in VCR for two operational conditions i.e. transportation on bitumen road and wheat harvesting operation by using isolators in between engine and chassis. The vibrations were measured at engine speed 2200 and 2800 rpm. In this study it was found that the vibration magnitudes decreased with increase in engine speed from 2200 to 2800 rpm in both operational conditions. The highest vibration values were observed in x-direction. The maximum frequency-weighted vibration acceleration (rms) in x-direction was 18.76 and 22.8 ms-2 in transportation and wheat harvesting, respectively. After incorporation of isolators the vibration total values reduced at 2200 rpm form 22.8 ms-2 to 9.63 ms-2 and 28.11 ms-2 to 12.57 ms-2 in transportation and wheat harvesting, respectively (Fig. 1 and 2). Whereas at 2800 rpm the vibration total values reduced form 12.93 ms-2 to 5.85ms-2 and 17.86 ms-2 to 8.42 ms-2, respectively. The average increment in 8 hour exposure time for occurrence of white finger syndrome from 1.16 to 2.88 year and 0.93 to 2.17 year for isolators in transportation and wheat harvesting, respectively.

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Kataria, Jatinder, S. K. Mohapatra, K. Kundu i R. Singh. "Performance and Emission Studies of a Variable Compression Ratio CI Engine using Bio Diesel Made from Waste Cooking Oil". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, nr 3 (2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.731914.

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Compression ignition (CI) engine is the un-debated choice for power applications, stationary or mobile. There is an urgent need of alternative high potential fuel for CI engines in order to fulfill energy needs without hampering the thermal performance and stringent emission standards. Here waste cooking oil is chosen as an alternative fuel, which is upgraded into biodiesel in the laboratory using mechanical stirring and ultrasonic cavitation technique of biodiesel production. Four blends of cooking oil are made by increasing 20% its amount in conventional diesel fuel. Performance is analyzed for two compression ratios, 15 and 17.5, on the existing VCR diesel engine set up interfaced with “Engine Soft” software. The results show that as bio-diesel concentration in a blend increases, the thermal performance (i.e., brake thermal efficiency) and emissions (i.e., CO, HC and NOx, and smoke intensity) are observed to be marginally higher; on the other hand, as compression ratio increases, the thermal performance improves; CO and smoke opacity decreases.

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Merkisz, Jerzy, Maciej Bajerlein, Paweł Daszkiewicz i Patryk Urbański. "The impact of camshaft control on combustion processes in a compression ignition VCR engine". Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 2, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2020.001.

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The article contains an analysis of thermodynamic indicators of the CI engine with direct fuel injection. The tested unit was an engine with an unconventional crank-piston configuration, in which at a constant compression ratio, different engine crankshaft control variants were compared. In this article the time ranges in which the piston was located in the TDC were analyzed. Additionally, tests were carried out on a conventional unit for comparative purposes. For the purposes of the work, a piston displacement characteristic was generated in dynamic analysis in SolidWorks Motion. Then, this characteristic was used in the simulations of the combustion process in the AVL Fire program, where the most important thermodynamic indicators of the engine cycle were analyzed.

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JASKIERNIK, Maciej, Konrad BUCZEK i Jędrzej WALKOWIAK. "Simulation of the oil supply through the connecting rod to the piston cooling channels in medium speed engines". Combustion Engines 180, nr 1 (30.03.2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-104.

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The importance of the oil flow simulation in connecting rod oil channels during the engine development process is recently increasing. This can be observed either in medium speed engines, where, as one of the traditional solutions, the oil for piston cooling is supplied through the connecting rod, or in automotive engine VCR (variable compression ratio) connecting rods, where engine oil is used to change the compression ratio of the engine. In both cases, precise numerical results are necessary to shorten the prototyping period and to reduce the overall development cost. The multi-physics character of the simulation problem basically consists of the interaction between the dynamics of the crank train components and the oil flow. For the oil supply to the piston cooling channels through the connecting rod in medium speed engines, being the objective of this paper, a major influencing factor is the oil pressure behavior in the piston cooling gallery providing periodical interaction with its supply. At the same time, the connecting rod elastic deformation during engine operation can be regarded as negligible and the planar motion of the connecting rod can be reproduced by combination of translational and rotational acceleration fields in the CFD solver. The paper includes the description of the applied simulation approach, the results and a comparison with the state-of-the art calculation without consideration of the above-mentioned influencing factors.

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Mazuro, Paweł, i Barbara Makarewicz. "The Potential of Wobble Plate Opposed Piston Axial Engines for Increased Efficiency". Energies 13, nr 21 (26.10.2020): 5598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215598.

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Recent announcements regarding the phase out of internal combustion engines indicate the need to make major changes in the automotive industry. Bearing in mind this innovation trend, the article proposes a new approach to the engine design. The aim of this paper is to shed a new light on the forgotten concept of axial engines with wobble plate mechanism. One of their most important advantages is the ease of use of the opposed piston layout, which has recently received much attention. Based on several years of research, the features determining the increase in mechanical efficiency, lower heat losses and the best scavenging efficiency were indicated. Thanks to the applied Variable Compression Ratio (VCR), Variable Angle Shift (VAS) and Variable Port Area (VPA) systems, the engine can operate on various fuels in each of the Spark Ignition (SI), Compression Ignition (CI) and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)/Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) modes. In order to quantify the potential of the proposed design, an initial research of the newest PAMAR 4 engine was presented to calculate the torque curve at low rotational speeds. The achieved torque of 500 Nm at 500 rpm is 65% greater than the maximum torque of the OM 651 engine of the same 1.8 L capacity. The findings lead to the conclusion that axial engines are wrongfully overlooked and can significantly improve research on new trends in pollutant elimination.

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Seela, Chiranjeeva Rao, i Ravi Sankar B. "Emulsified nano Al2O3 – Jatropha methyl ester blends: application in variable compression ratio engine". World Journal of Engineering 17, nr 5 (24.07.2020): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2020-0135.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of blends of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and its nano Al2O3 emulsion on variable compression ratio diesel engine. The oxygen in alumina contributed for the smooth burning and resulted in improved performance and emissions. Design/Methodology/Approach The biodiesel (methyl ester) is prepared from the raw Jatropha oil. The B10, B20 and B30 blends of and their nanoemulsions are prepared with the 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm of nano Al2O3. The prepared JME blends and its nanoemulsions are tested in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics. Findings The nanoemulsion B20 + 50 ppm has given maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and with the increased proportion of nanoparticle, the BTE was reduced. Also, the specific fuel consumption is lowest (0.2826 kg/kWh) for B20 + 50 ppm at the compression ratio 16.5 and full load which is 4.10% lower than the diesel and 5.8% lower than the B20 blend. As the load increases, NOx emission increases owing to higher peak temperatures in the combustion chamber. The JME-nano Al2O3 emulsion reduces the HC and CO emission compared with all other fuels. Originality/Value Novel nano emulsions are prepared, characterized and tested on VCR engine.

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KOWALEWICZ, Andrzej. "HCCI combustion – a challenge for internal combustion engine". Combustion Engines 136, nr 1 (1.02.2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117217.

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HCCI engine offers a high thermal efficiency combined with low nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. However the key problem: controlled autoignition (CAI) on which is focused this paper is still not solved. Attempts to solve CAI problem as: variable compression ratio (VCR), variable valve train (VVT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and application of fuels having different volatility characteristics and sensitivity to autoignition are disused. Also possibility of fuelling HCCI engine with natural gas (and ignition improver) is presented.

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Sawant, Suresh M., i Milind S. Yadav. "All Metal Low Resistance Oxy Hydrogen Gas Generator and its Integration with VCR Engine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (wrzesień 2013): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.481.

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Since its invention the oxy hydrogen gas has been used for many purposes like welding, lighting etc. In the recent past this gas has been experimented as a fuel additive in both SI as well as CI engines to improve the performance as well as emission parameters. Number of oxy hydrogen gas generators are designed and tested till today. This paper describes a new all metal low resistance oxy hydrogen gas generator which will be optimized in the later progress of the research work for maximum oxy hydrogen gas generation. In the later part of this paper a newly fabricated single cylinder twin spark variable compression ratio engine is discussed which will be further used for the testing of the oxy hydrogen gas from the optimized oxy hydrogen gas generator in blend with the hydrocarbon fuels at different compression ratios.

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Bajerlein, Maciej, Patryk Urbański i Paweł Daszkiewicz. "Simulation tests of a VCR engine as a propulsion unit in rail vehicles". Rail Vehicles, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-138560.

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W ramach pracy przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania silnika VCR jako jednostki napędowej zespołu prądotwórczego w pojazdach szynowych. Dokonano również analiz termodynamicznych silnika. Na potrzeby badań wygenerowano drogę tłoka w symulacji dynamicznej w programie Solidworks do badania procesów zachodzących podczas procesu spalania. Droga ta została wykorzystana do przeprowadzenia symulacji w programie AVL Fire dla jednakowych warunków początkowych. Porównane zostały różne warianty wysterowania krzywki silnika przy jednakowym stopniu sprężania. W rozpatrywanym artykule analizowano moment oraz okres czasu jaki tłok pozostaje w Górnym Martwym Położeniu (GMP).

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36

Y., Datta Bharadwaz, Govinda Rao Budda i Bala Krishna Reddy T. "Optimization of VCR engine parameters using particle swarm optimization-based desirability approach". World Journal of Engineering 17, nr 2 (2.01.2020): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2019-0210.

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the optimization of engine operational parameters such as load, compression ratio and blend percentage of fuel using a combined approach of particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Derringer’s desirability. Design/methodology/approach The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), CO, HC, NOx and smoke are considered as objectives with compression ratio, blend percentage and load as input factors. Optimization is carried out by using PSO coupled with the desirability approach. Findings From results, the optimum operating conditions are found to be at compression ratio of 18.5 per cent of fuel blend and 11 kg of load. At this input’s parameters of the engine, outputs performance parameters are found to be 34.84 per cent of BTHE, 0.29 kg/kWh of BSFC, 2.86 per cent of CO, 13 ppm of HC, 490 ppm of NOx and 26.25 per cent of smoke. Originality/value The present study explores the abilities of both particle swarm algorithm and desirability approach when used together. The combined approach resulted in faster convergence and better prediction capability. The present approach predicted performance characteristics of the variable compression ratio engine with less than 10 per cent error.

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Renish, R. Rohith, Amala Justus Selvam, Robert Čep i Muniyandy Elangovan. "Influence of Varying Compression Ratio of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with B20 Blends of Sea Mango Biodiesel". Processes 10, nr 7 (21.07.2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071423.

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The ever-worsening environmental situation brought on by the huge use of fossil fuels has ramped up biodiesel production. Several studies have shown that a 20% biodiesel-diesel blend (B20) could be the best for utility in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The present study focuses on the characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine running with a B20 blend of sea mango biodiesel at compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1 and 18:1. VCR is a technology which permits the engine to modify its compression ratio to improve the fuel economy under varying loads. The experimental results reveal an improvement of 5.27% and 6.25% in the BTE as well as SFC with B20 mix, respectively, at compression ratio (CR) 18:1 against diesel at standard CR, which is 17:1. At CR 18:1, the CO, HC and smoke emissions of B20 fuel at full load were 26.78%, 37.76% and 23.44%, correspondingly lower than those of diesel at standard CR. However, the blend was found to have higher NOx emissions at all the CRs. The least NOx emissions of the blend were noted to be at CR 16:1, although it was 0.77% higher than diesel at standard CR. The combustion characteristics also improved at higher CRs. The findings of this study indicate that the B20 blend of sea mango biodiesel could be utilized at CR 18:1 to replace diesel without any engine modifications.

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Satyanaraya, Dr K., i A. Swathi. "Thermo Structural Analysis on Cylinder Head of 4 Stroke VCR Diesel Engine". International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, nr 02 (30.04.2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.2.9.

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Samuvel Michael, B., K. G. Muthurajan i B. Samuvel Michael. "Performance Testing of VCR Engine using Plastic Oil Produced by Pyrolysis Method". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2040, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2040/1/012052.

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Abstract Recycling is the retrieval, reclamation, reprocessing or refining process of waste to produce new products. Recycling has always been a top priority in waste management since it enables us not only to maintain the health of the environment, but also to reuse garbage profitably. Many techniques are utilised to transform plastic waste into articles that are not present in virgin plastic with distinctive features. Polymers undergo molecular and structural changes in this process leading to simpler basic materials with superior thermal properties than original plastics. While gasification and pyrolysis processes break plastics down, fluid and semi-liquid products are also generated.

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Mallesham, Dandu, J. Krishnaraj i C. H. Ravikiran. "Selecting Optimal Combination of Operating Parameters of VCR Diesel Engine Adopting AHP". Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, nr 33 (1.09.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i33/146811.

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Kumar, Chandan, Ashish Nayyar, Manish Bafna, Ankit Agarwal i Ved Parkash. "Analysis of Emission Characteristic of NM-Diesel Blend on VCR Diesel Engine". International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering 4, nr 1 (28.02.2015): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14810/ijmech.2015.4110.

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Chavan, Nikhil D., i Amar P. Pandhare. "Comparative Investigations on Mahua Biodiesel-Diesel - Alcohol Low Percentage Blends with a VCR Diesel Engine". E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001014.

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In this analysis mahua oil biodiesel isselected as one of the best alternative fuel to diesel.Transesterficiation processisusedforbiodieselproduction.Serious concern on the emissions, in particularthe nitrogen oxides (NOx), PM (particulate matters) and carbondioxide (CO2)led to think about additives to improve the overall performance. In this investigation additives are used to improve the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Mahua biodiesel (B) and Diesel (D) blends. B20 blend is used as basic blend to compare the performance.Ethanol (E) and Propanol (P) used as additives indiesel-biodiesel blend with 5%,10% and 15%and tested in VCR diesel engine. Ethanol shown better performance in particular as compare to Propanol. The reduction of NOx, CO, CO2, HC emission in diesel engine and also increase performance in addition of 10% ethanol. From this conclude the result ethanol is alternative to improve efficiency of diesel engine by using the blended biodiesel.

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Ramalingam, Senthil, Paramasivam Chinnaia i Silambarasan Rajendran. "Influence of Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Annona Methyl Ester Operated DI Diesel Engine". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (1.01.2014): 832470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/832470.

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This study aims to find the optimum performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with different blends of Annona methyl ester (AME) as fuel. The performance parameters such as specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and emission levels of HC, CO, Smoke, and NO x were compared with the diesel fuel. It is found that, at compression ratio of 17: 1 for A20 blended fuel (20% AME + 80% Diesel) shows better performance and lower emission level which is very close to neat diesel fuel. The engine was operated with different values of compression ratio (15, 16, and 17) to find out best possible combination for operating engine with blends of AME. It is also found that the increase of compression ratio increases the BTE and reduces SFC and has lower emission without any engine in design modifications.

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K. Parida, M., i I. Routaray. "RSM Analysis of In-cylinder Pressure in a DICI Engine Fueled with Argemone Mexicana Biodiesel-diesel Blends". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.5 (22.09.2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20003.

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In the current analysis engine load, compression ratio and bio-diesel blends are taken as input parameters to evaluate the combustion parameter i.e maximum in cylinder pressure with methyl esters of Argemone Mexicana and its diesel blends in a VCR multi-fuel engine. Response surface method of Full Factorial Design (FFD) is used in the present study for modelling and analyzing the combustion parameter with Minitab-14.0 software. The response surface and contour plots of different models are plotted by holding mean value of other input parameter. The developed model, data regression, significance analysis and individual model coefficients were studied and presented for model validation.

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Satyanarayana, K., Ch Maheswara Rao, B. Nagaraju i A. Swathi. "Structural and Thermal Analysis on Cylinder Head of VCR Diesel Engine Using ANSYS". Journal of Recent Trends in Mechanics 5, nr 5 (2.01.2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jortm.2020.v05i03.004.

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Kadota, M., S. Ishikawa, K. Yamamoto, M. Kato i S. Kawajiri. "Advanced Control System of Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine with Dual Piston Mechanism". SAE International Journal of Engines 2, nr 1 (20.04.2009): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1063.

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kommana, Srinivas, Balu Naik Banoth i Kalyani Radha Kadavakollu. "Performance and Emission of VCR-CI Engine with palm kernel and eucalyptus blends". Perspectives in Science 8 (wrzesień 2016): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.04.030.

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Renish, R. Rohith, Amala Justus Selvam, Robert Čep i Muniyandy Elangovan. "Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a VCR Engine Fueled with Sea Mango Biodiesel/Diesel Blends". Processes 10, nr 8 (27.07.2022): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081469.

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The constant emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, due to the continuous burning of fossil fuels, has been driving researchers to develop an environmentally friendly alternative fuel solution. An experimental investigation was conducted on a laboratory scale, to evaluate the physicochemical qualities, performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of sea mango oil biodiesel blends and pure diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, variable compression ratio (VCR) engine. Tests were conducted at 1500 rpm, 210 bar, and 23° bTDC, under varying loading circumstances of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kgs, and compression ratios 16:1, 17:1, and 18:1, respectively. The findings revealed that higher compression ratios (CRs) improve the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of an engine. At CR 18:1, BTHE, SFC, and EGT improved by 8.78%, 11.18%, and 2.52% more than the standard compression ratio (17:1). The CO, HC, and smoke emissions also lowered by 14.65%, 18.56%, and 11.56%, respectively, at CR 18:1. The NOx emissions increased by 6.77%. The combustion characteristics also improved, with an increase in the CR. The findings of this investigation show that sea mango biodiesel blends can be used as a diesel alternative at CR 18:1, with no engine modifications.

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Prabakaran, S., R. Manimaran, T. Mohanraj i M. Ravikumar. "Performance analysis and emission characteristics of VCR diesel engine fuelled with algae biodiesel blends". Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 2784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.742.

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Shetty, Suresh, Aneesh Jose i Shrinivasa Rao B.R. "Comparison of performance and combustion analysis of a VCR SI engine using audio transducers". Materials Today: Proceedings 46 (2021): 2798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.603.

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