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Ashraf, Farzana, Khezir Hayat, Muhammad Akbar, Muhammad Idrees Khan, Khadim Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar i in. "CYTO-124: A REMARKABLE VARIETY EVOLVED AGAINST COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE THROUGH INTROGRESSION". Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 20, nr 01 (27.05.2023): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2023.20.01.799.
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Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan has evolved an upland cotton cultivar “Cyto-124” through introgression for Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) resistance. It was developed through crossing [{2(G. hir. x G. ano.) X 3G. hir.} x {2(G. arbo. x G. ano.) x 2G. hir. It was tested for seed cotton yield in varietal trials, and zonal varietal trials at Govt. and farmer fields. Cyto-124 gave 37.1, 19.9 and 22.4% higher yield as compared to three standards MNH-786, CIM-554 and CRSM-38 respectively in varietal trials whileCyto-124 had seed cotton yield of 3075 kg ha-1 in-contrast to 2919 kg ha-1 of CIM-573 in zonal trials. Cyto-124 produced more seedcotton yield (SCY) than the standards for two consecutive years (2013 & 2014) in National Coordinated Varietal Trial (NCVT). In NCVT during 2013-14, this strain had a maximum yield of 2244 kg ha-1 compared with 1326 kg ha-1 of standard variety CIM-573 in Punjab. The virus data taken in NCVT indicated that minimum disease incidence (27.9%) was recorded in Cyto-124 making it the more tolerant strain against CLCuV. The approval of this CLCuV resistant cultivar will considerably contribute a lot in the revival of cotton.
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WILLIAMS, ROBERT, REBECCA ANDERSEN, ARMANDINA MARCAL, LUIS PEREIRA, LUIS ALMEIDA i WILLIAM ERSKINE. "EXPLORATORY AGRONOMY WITHIN PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION: THE CASE OF PEANUT IN EAST TIMOR". Experimental Agriculture 48, nr 2 (16.01.2012): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711001207.
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SUMMARYWithin the context of participatory varietal selection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in East Timor, this study investigated an approach to identify yield determinants in farmer-managed varietal trials in a type of exploratory agronomy. A singular increase of 47% in peanut on-farm productivity by variety Utamua over local varieties was recorded across agro-ecologies over 616 farmer-managed trials in five cropping seasons. Utamua has larger (c. 70%) seed than local, which resulted in poor germination initially. Farmers then started seed priming, and, by the last two seasons’ trials, 50% of farmers with on-farm trials seed primed. The volume of trials allied with detailed recording of agro-ecological, household and management conditions allowed the identification of factors affecting yield, such as seeding arrangement (two seeds/hill more productive than one seed/hill) and soil pH (pH 7–8.5 more productive than lower pH), using an unbalanced ANOVA design. Farmer innovations in management could be identified within varietal trials highlighting future agronomic possibilities.
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Rahmianna, Agustina Asri, Tony Basuki, Medo Kote, Yohanes L. Seran i Rao C. N. Rachaputi. "Increasing productivity of mungbean (vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek) under subsistence farming in Eastern Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012029.
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Abstract Mungbean is one of the major food legume and cash crops grown and consumed by small holder farmers under rain-fed conditions in Eastern Indonesia. However, the mungbean productivity has been low, less than 1 ton ha−1 due to a number of reasons including poor awareness about new varieties and skills of crop management. Two trials: varietal trial and management practices were conducted at Malaka District, East Nusa Tenggara during wet season 2008. The varietal trial in six sites resulted in identification of Sriti, Murai, Betet, and Vima 1 varieties had high productivity (1.1-1.5 t ha−1) with single harvest, shorter maturity, compared to the local varieties which were characterized by lower productivity (1.0-1.1 t ha−1), multiple harvests and longer maturity. The management practices found that selected varieties in combination with improved technology gave doubled seed yields compared to the yields when grown using local technology. These activities showed a reliable pathway to increase productivity of mungbean at small holder levels. The varietal and agronomic management trials demonstrated the impact of the technologies on mungbean productivity at small holder levels and identified future needs to sustain food productivity in remote regions on Eastern Indonesia.
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Singh, M., S. Ceccarelli i J. Hamblin. "Estimation of heritability from varietal trials data". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86, nr 4 (maj 1993): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00838558.
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Cullis, B. R., i A. C. Gleeson. "Efficiency of neighbour analysis for replicated variety trials in Australia". Journal of Agricultural Science 113, nr 2 (październik 1989): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600086810.
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SUMMARYUse of a one-dimensional neighbour method of analysis in 1019 variety trials of a range of crops conducted by plant breeders in four states of Australia in 1985–87 resulted in an average reduction of 42% in variances of varietal yield differences compared with conventional randomized complete block analysis. Of these trials, 219 were designed as square, rectangular or generalized lattices and the average reduction in variances of varietal yields with incomplete block analysis and recovery of interblock information was 33%. The results emphasized that plots should be wide enough to avoid interplot competition, and that neighbour analysis is of most benefit in trials with short plots or when the field layout has many plots in a row.
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Shrestha, Jiban. "Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize Genotypes for Grain Yield in Mid Hill Districts of Nepal". International Journal of Life Sciences 10, nr 1 (10.02.2016): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v10i1.14514.
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The present study pertaining to the identification of high yielding quality protein maize genotypes was conducted under coordinated varietal trials (CVT) at Khumaltar (Lalitpur) and Kabre (Dolakha) from 2011 to 2012 summer season and under coordinated farmers' field trials (CFFT) at Lumle (Kaski), Kimugaun (Dailekh) and Kabre (Dolakha) in 2011 summer season and at Dailekh and Kabre in 2012 summer season. The results of these trials showed that the genotypes namely Obatanpa followed by S99TLWQ-B and S01SIYQ produced the highest grain yield under coordinated varietal trials and genotypes namely S99TLYQ-B followed by S01SIWQ-3 and Poshilo Makai-1 produced the highest grain yield under coordinated farmers' field trials across testing sites and years. It is suggested that the superior genotypes derived from CFFT could be released and then recommended to farmers of mid hills of Nepal.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 7-9
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Jain, R. C., i M. N. Das. "Designs Suited for Varietal Trials with Multiple Basals". Biometrical Journal 33, nr 1 (1991): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710330113.
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Butler, Marvin D., i Jackson A. Davis. "BROCCOLI VARIETAL TOLERANCE TO DOWNY MILDEW". HortScience 27, nr 6 (czerwiec 1992): 629d—629. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.629d.
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Downy mildew is a major concern to broccoli growers in the Sonoran Desert. Control measures include wide use of fungicide applications to prevent economic damage. Recent removal of EBDC type fungicides from the market and restrictions imposed on other registered materials has increased interest by growers and broccoli breeders in developing varieties tolerant to downy mildew. From 1984 to 1989 varieties were evaluated for tolerance to downy mildew in unreplicated trials conducted in commercial fields. In 1990, named varieties of current interest in desert production which showed tolerance to the disease in the previous trials were compared to standard varieties used by the industry. Varieties were replicated four times using a randomized complete block design. A rating scale from 1 to 5 was used to describe the severity of foliar lesions. The varieties Everest, Zeus, Legend, Pirate and Sultan showed significant tolerance when compared to the more susceptible varieties Arcadia, Emerald City, Emperor, Greenbelt, Packman, Commander, and NS 649.
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Chughtai, S., J. Fateh, M. Munawwar i M. Hussain. "Participatory sorghum varietal evaluation and selection in Pakistan". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, nr 1 (1.03.2007): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.1.3.
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A number of improved pipeline varieties of sorghum including PARC SS-1, PARC SS-2 and PARC Ss-15 were planted in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan for 2 years (2004 and 2005). The participatory Mother-Baby Trial methodology was used for the first time in Pakistan for varietal evaluation and selection. Six varieties of sorghum were evaluated along with the local checks. In general, the pipeline varieties developed at the National Agricultural Research Centre had a yield advantage of 15 to 20% over the local checks and other improved varieties included in the trial. The farmers were involved in the varietal selection process. These varieties were selected by the farmers on the basis of maturity, higher yield, resistance to leaf blight and red rot diseases, drought tolerance, and the dual (grain cum fodder) nature of the varieties. Based on the evaluation and selection, these varieties are being released for general cultivation in various ecologies. The results from participatory trials on various agronomic aspects are presented and discussed in this paper.
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VIRK, D. S., D. B. PANDIT, M. A. SUFIAN, F. AHMED, M. A. B. SIDDIQUE, M. A. SAMAD, M. M. RAHMAN i in. "REML IS AN EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS FOR MIXED MODELLING OF UNBALANCED ON-FARM VARIETAL TRIALS". Experimental Agriculture 45, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007047.
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SUMMARYOn-farm participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials are often of two types: mother trials (with all of the entries) and baby trials (each having one, or very few of the entries from the mother trials). We conducted PVS trials on 17 wheat varieties in 12 villages of four districts of Bangladesh over three years but the data were highly unbalanced. Both quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in the on-farm trials. The factors in the trials were both fixed effects (varieties and districts) and random (years and farmers). We used the residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis for the mixed model for quantitative traits. For qualitative data on farmers' perceptions, logistic regression procedures were used that are equally applicable to balanced and unbalanced data sets. The REML analysis provided adjusted mean values for quantitative traits for all the varieties, for the mother and baby trials separately, using the data from all years and all locations. It identified varieties BAW 1006 and BAW 1008 that yielded 19–30% more than the control Kanchan and also had a higher 1000-grain weight, were at least as early to flower and had a high overall ranking by farmers in the mother trials. The logistic regression analysis of perception data agreed with the results of the REML analysis as these varieties were most preferred by farmers for grain yield, earlier maturity and better chapatti making quality. The less labour-intensive method of recording qualitative perceptions can usefully replace actual yield measurements, particularly when validated by other participatory measures such as intended and actual adoption. In 2005, BAW 1006 was released as BARI Gom 23 or Bijoy and BAW 1008 as BARI Gom 24 or Prodip for the whole of Bangladesh. The validity of the results of the REML analysis was confirmed by the high early adoption trends of the identified varieties. Since REML is an effective analysis for unbalanced PVS trial data using a mixed model, its wider use by researchers would increase the value of the PVS process.
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Joshi, A., i J. R. Witcombe. "Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. II. Participatory Varietal Selection, a Case Study in India". Experimental Agriculture 32, nr 4 (październik 1996): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700001538.
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SUMMARYFarmer participatory varietal selection (PVS) was used to identify farmer-acceptable cultivars of rice and chickpea. Farmers' requirements in new crop cultivars (varieties) were determined, a search was carried out for released and non-released cultivars that matched these needs, and they were tested in farmer-managed, participatory trials. Farmer-acceptable cultivars were found amongst released material, but not among the recommended material for the area. Lack of adoption is, therefore, because resource-poor farmers have not been recommended or exposed to the most appropriate cultivars under the existing system of varietal identification and popularization. Adoption rates of cultivars would be improved by increased farmer participation, the systematic testing in zonal trials of locally popular cultivars to define their domains properly, a more liberal release system, and a more open system of providing seeds of new cultivars to farmers.
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Joshi, A., i J. R. Witcombe. "Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. II. Participatory Varietal Selection, a Case Study in India". Experimental Agriculture 32, nr 4 (październik 1996): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700003811.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SUMMARYFarmer participatory varietal selection (PVS) was used to identify farmer-acceptable cultivars of rice and chickpea. Farmers' requirements in new crop cultivars (varieties) were determined, a search was carried out for released and non-released cultivars that matched these needs, and they were tested in farmer-managed, participatory trials. Farmer-acceptable cultivars were found amongst released material, but not among the recommended material for the area. Lack of adoption is, therefore, because resource-poor farmers have not been recommended or exposed to the most appropriate cultivars under the existing system of varietal identification and popularization. Adoption rates of cultivars would be improved by increased farmer participation, the systematic testing in zonal trials of locally popular cultivars to define their domains properly, a more liberal release system, and a more open system of providing seeds of new cultivars to farmers.
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Fairhurst, Stacey M., Lorna J. Cole, Tereza Kocarkova, Catherine Jones-Morris, Andy Evans i Gail Jackson. "Agronomic Traits in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Can Predict Foraging Resources for Insect Pollinators". Agronomy 11, nr 3 (27.02.2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030440.
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Mass-flowering crops, such as oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus), provide pulses of nectar and pollen, helping to support pollinators and their pollination services in agricultural landscapes. Despite their value to declining pollinators, varietal in-field OSR testing focusses on agronomic traits, with floral resources being largely overlooked. OSR has a high varietal turnover, and consequently, floral resource data collected for a specific variety quickly become redundant. Here, we explore the potential to predict floral resource availability using agronomic trait data routinely collected in varietal trials. To build predictive models, we investigated the relationships between agronomic traits and pollen and nectar availability in 19 OSR varieties. Nectar quality was positively influenced by early vigour, as well as winter hardiness in conventional varieties and stem stiffness in hybrid varieties. Pollen quantity was driven by different traits, with early maturation having a negative impact in conventional varieties and resistance to lodging having a positive impact in hybrid varieties. Our study highlights the potential to predict floral resources using agronomic trait data, enabling the rapid assessment of these key resources in future OSR varieties without costly sampling. Agronomic traits relating to increased nectar quality were also agronomically favourable, indicating benefits to both pollinators and growers. The inclusion of modelled floral resource data in recommended varietal lists would enable growers to make informed decisions about varietal selection based on local pollinator populations.
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Psota, Vratislav, Marián Svorad, Markéta Musilová i Michaela Némethová. "Barley varieties registered in the Slovak Republic after the harvest of 2020". KVASNY PRUMYSL 67, nr 3 (15.06.2021): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2021.67.442.
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The study presents results of malting quality and agronomic characteristics of the LG Verdi, LG Tosca, and Spitfire spring barley varieties that were obtained during a three-year period of testing within the state varietal trials in the Slovak Republic. Extract from the varieties was at the level from 82.9 to 84.1%. The varieties exhibited optimal and high levels of proteolytic modification (47.4 to 52.0%) and satisfactory to optimal levels of final attenuation (80.8 to 81.8%). Degradation of cell walls was high – between 86 and 96%. Beta-glucan content was at a satisfactory to optimal level of 67 to 158 mg/l. In addition, the study presents results which the Suez winter barley variety achieved in a two-year period of state varietal trials. The variety exhibited satisfactory quality of the extract level, optimal level of proteolytic modification and optimal wort composition. This variety had a slow degradation of cell walls, but its beta-glucan content was at the satisfactory level.
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OMANYA, G. O., E. WELTZIEN-RATTUNDE, D. SOGODOGO, M. SANOGO, N. HANSSENS, Y. GUERO i R. ZANGRE. "PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION WITH IMPROVED PEARL MILLET IN WEST AFRICA". Experimental Agriculture 43, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004248.
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A reconnaissance survey and participatory varietal selection trials (PVS) were conducted in four major pearl millet-growing countries of the Sahel between 2001 and 2003. The studies aimed to identify farmers' preferences in improved pearl millet varieties, increase awareness, test new varieties and enhance farmers' access to the improved varieties. Farmers selected five out of 10 tested varieties, with preferred characteristics, namely, maturity cycles of 80–90 d in the Sahel and 90–100 d in the Sudanian agro-ecozones, acceptable grain yield, compact and long (30–100 cm) panicles, a large number of tillers with panicles, adaptation and an acceptable taste. Farmers indicated that their local varieties were of superior adaptation and taste. They mentioned that hindrances to uptake and sustained use of improved varieties were due to lack of awareness, traditional values, seed unavailability, early maturity, bird damage and lack of fertilizer. The strong genotype × environment interactions in the Sahel suggests that breeding should be directed towards producing varieties adapted to specific zones rather than for wide adaptation. Notably, since farmers often cultivate pearl millet without any soil amendments, it may be advisable to disseminate varieties as a package (with fertilizer and agronomic instructions) rather than as varieties alone in a PVS programme, in order to achieve the full potential of improved varieties. The PVS trials are synergistic to plant breeding in identifying varieties suitable for harsh environments, which are difficult to duplicate in the research station. However, in the absence of formal distribution seed systems in the trial countries, village- or community-based seed production of varieties selected by farmers appears critical to the sustainable adoption of selected varieties.
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PARIS, THELMA R., ABHA SINGH, AMELIA D. CUENO i V. N. SINGH. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH IN RICE BREEDING ON WOMEN FARMERS: A CASE STUDY IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA". Experimental Agriculture 44, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479707005923.
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SUMMARYThis paper assesses farmer adoption of rice varieties and new genotypes introduced through participatory varietal selection (PVS) in villages which represent submergence- and drought/submergence-prone villages in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. It focuses on the involvement of women farmers in participatory research for screening improved varieties for areas which suffer from abiotic stresses. It further assesses the impact on the decision-making authority (or women's empowerment) on rice varietal choice, seed acquisition and disposal, and crop management after participating in PVS trials. It suggests strategies to empower women farmers in making sound and timely decisions on farm-related matters and to enhance their roles in accelerating the adoption of new varieties.
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VOM BROCKE, KIRSTEN, GILLES TROUCHE, EVA WELTZIEN, CLARISSE P. KONDOMBO-BARRO, ADAMA SIDIBÉ, ROBERT ZOUGMORÉ i ERIC GOZÉ. "HELPING FARMERS ADAPT TO CLIMATE AND CROPPING SYSTEM CHANGE THROUGH INCREASED ACCESS TO SORGHUM GENETIC RESOURCES ADAPTED TO PREVALENT SORGHUM CROPPING SYSTEMS IN BURKINA FASO". Experimental Agriculture 50, nr 2 (15.11.2013): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000616.
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SUMMARYSorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a major staple crop of Burkina Faso where farmers continue to cultivate photoperiod-sensitive guinea landraces as part of the strategy to minimize risk and ensure yield stability. In the Boucle du Mouhoun region, however, sorghum farmers appear to have insufficient varietal choice due to cropping systems having shifted towards more intensive cultivation of cotton and maize, and rainfall patterns having decreased over the past decade. In search for new varietal options that can respond to this changing context, researchers decided to give farmers access to ex-situ national collections along with the opportunity to evaluate recent improved varieties. From 2002 to 2007, researchers and farmers worked closely together to implement on-farm testing, including varietal selection trials, crop management and multi-locational trials. Farmers’ choices tend to differ among groups, villages and years, with the exception of four particular landraces: two originating from a collection carried out in the Mouhoun region more than 30 years previous to this research, and two other landraces that came from the dissimilar agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso. These four were the most commonly selected landraces out of 36 cultivars that covered both improved and landrace varieties. Farmers’ selection criteria were focused on adaptation to agro-climatic conditions as well as specific grain qualities for processing and consumption. The potential usefulness of each variety was verified via multi-locational trials. The paper also shows that wide dissemination of experimental seed, not just across the Mouhoun region but also at a national scale, was largely achieved through collaboration with a strong farmer organisation in conjunction with farmer training programs focused on the on-farm seed production and the commercialisation of this seed.
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Iqbal, Zafar, Muhammad Shafiq, Sajed Ali, Muhammad Arslan Mahmood, Hamid Anees Siddiqui, Imran Amin i Rob W. Briddon. "qPCR Assay as a Tool for Examining Cotton Resistance to the Virus Complex Causing CLCuD: Yield Loss Inversely Correlates with Betasatellite, Not Virus, DNA Titer". Plants 12, nr 14 (14.07.2023): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142645.
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Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a significant constraint to the economies of Pakistan and India. The disease is caused by different begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) in association with a disease-specific betasatellite. However, another satellite-like molecule, alphasatellite, is occasionally found associated with this disease complex. A quantitative real-time PCR assay for the virus/satellite components causing CLCuD was used to investigate the performance of selected cotton varieties in the 2014–2015 National Coordinated Varietal Trials (NCVT) in Pakistan. The DNA levels of virus and satellites in cotton plants were determined for five cotton varieties across three geographic locations and compared with seed cotton yield (SCY) as a measure of the plant performance. The highest virus titer was detected in B-10 (0.972 ng·µg−1) from Vehari and the lowest in B-3 (0.006 ng·µg−1) from Faisalabad. Likewise, the highest alphasatellite titer was found in B-1 (0.055 ng·µg−1) from Vehari and the lowest in B-1 and B-2 (0.001 ng·µg−1) from Faisalabad. The highest betasatellite titer was found in B-23 (1.156 ng·µg−1) from Faisalabad and the lowest in B-12 (0.072 ng·µg−1) from Multan. Virus/satellite DNA levels, symptoms, and SCY were found to be highly variable between the varieties and between the locations. Nevertheless, statistical analysis of the results suggested that betasatellite DNA levels, rather than virus or alphasatellite DNA levels, were the important variable in plant performance, having an inverse relationship with SCY (−0.447). This quantitative assay will be useful in breeding programs for development of virus resistant plants and varietal trials, such as the NCVT, to select suitable varieties of cotton with mild (preferably no) symptoms and low (preferably no) virus/satellite. At present, no such molecular techniques are used in resistance breeding programs or varietal trials in Pakistan.
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Pandit, DB, MM Islam, M. Harun-ur-Rashid i MA Sufian. "Participatory variety selection in wheat and its impact on scaling-up seed dissemination and varietal diversity". Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 32, nr 3 (8.01.2008): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.549.
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Participatory selection was conducted at the Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Dinajpur to facilitate farmers in selecting and disseminating their preferable variety and replace widely cultivated disease susceptible Kanchan to increase wheat yield and production. Farmers need for wheat variety was identified through participatory rural appraisal in 2002 and impacts were assessed by house hold level survey in 2005. Researches were conducted as mother and baby trials. Scaling-up seed dissemination was carried out through seed supply. BAW1008, Shatabdi, and BAW 1006 produced higher yield in both mother and baby trials and got higher scores for farmers overall preference. The farmers emphasized on yield together with bold and white grains, more grains/spike, strong stem and other characters during scoring. They identified BAW 966, BAW 1006, BAW 1008, and Shatabdi for good Chapati quality. They expected to cultivate BAW1008, Shatabdi, and BAW 1006 in the following years. Farmer to farmer seed dissemination was highly satisfactory and seeds of Shatabdi reached 47% wheat farmers of the villages in 2004-05. Varietal diversity was increased remarkably and seven varieties were grown in the study villages. The area of Kanchan came down from 100% (in 2002-03) to 24% (in 2005-06). The participating personnel were hopeful to the new concept of plant breeding and expecting its widespread use in the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.549Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 473-486, September 20
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Lazovic, Biljana, Mirjana Adakalic i Milan Markovic. "Reproductive physiology and sexual compatibility of the Spanish olive variety ‘Arbequina’ cultivated in Montenegro". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, nr 2 (26.04.2022): e0802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022202-18609.
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Aim of study: One of the newly introduced olive varieties in Montenegro is the Spanish olive (Olea europaea L.) variety ‘Arbequina’. The aim of this work was to study the changes in the reproductive physiology of the cultivar 'Arbequina' in conditions of Montenegro.
Area of study: Comparative experimental plots were established in two areas in Montenegro, the coastal region of Ulcinj and the inland region of Podgorica.
Material and methods: The research was conducted at four experimental sites (UL1 and UL2 in Ulcinj; PG1 and PG2, in Podgorica) over four years. Flowering phenophases, inflorescence characteristics, and inflorescence architecture were assessed. Pollination trials consisted of open-pollination, self-pollination, and cross-pollination of ‘Arbequina’ with several olive varieties, resulting in an assessment of fruit set.
Main results: A high level of fruit set (6.75%) in ‘Arbequina’ in open-pollination was recorded in the multi-varietal orchard (PG2). A much lower fruit set was found in the mono-varietal hedgerow orchards (0.75% in PG1 and 0.33% in UL2). The fruit set was very low in the mono-varietal orchards in self-pollination trials, ranging from 0.01% (PG1) to 0.06% (UL1).
Research highlights: These results confirm that ‘Arbequina’ is a self-incompatible variety, which is crucial both for farmers in establishing new plantations and for scientists in future research. Some of the 11 olive varieties cross-pollinated with the ‘Arbequina’ variety displayed pollinating potential, which needs to be proven with paternity tests. Despite the differences between experimental sites and areas, ‘Arbequina’ exhibited high reproductive potential, confirmed by many perfect flowers.
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Preston, S. R., J. H. Simons i B. R. Taylor. "The Choice of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Varieties by Smallholders in South-east Tanzania. I. Observations on Different Varieties". Experimental Agriculture 22, nr 3 (lipiec 1986): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014447.
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SUMMARYSmallholders in south-east Tanzania grow the groundnut Red Mwitunde (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea), a long-season variety with seed dormancy, although earlier maturing varieties with no seed dormancy (ssp. hypogaea and fastigiata) usually yielded better in trials, particularly when late sown. Small-seeded, short-season varieties established better in the field than Red Mwitunde and other large-seeded varieties, especially under moisture stress. Trials with selective fungicides to estimate yield losses from leafspots (mainly Cercosporidium personatum) and rust (Puccinia arachidis), jointly and separately, showed no consistent varietal differences.
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Skvortsova, Yu G., Т. I. Firsova, N. G. Chertkova i G. A. Filenko. "The features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat". Grain Economy of Russia, nr 5 (30.10.2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-71-5-80-85.
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The current paper has presented the features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat in the Rostov region and highlighted the main methods of varietal renewal, which make it possible to obtain high-quality seed material with strict preservation of their purity, biological and productive traits, in the amounts that meet the needs of the farms. The purpose of the research was to organize primary seed production of new and commercial varieties of winter bread wheat, which allows maintaining varietal purity and providing the required number of seeds of higher reproductions. There have been conducted the field trials to identify the best indicators of seed productivity, varietal and sowing qualities in the primary links of seed production. Seed production is based on individual-family selection with a two-year assessment of the progeny. The main percentage of variety rejection in the laboratory conditions was made according to such indicators as 1000 seed weight, family productivity, uniformity and plump condition of kernels within the family. In PIP-1 the rejection among the varieties ‘Volnitsa', ‘Volny Don', ‘Zhavoronok', ‘Polina', ‘Ambar', ‘Donskaya Stepp', ‘Yubiley Dona' was carried out for all indicators from 16 to 32%. The variety ‘Zhavoronok' was found the best according to the indicators and its rejection rate was 7%. In PIP-2 over the years of variety trials, the studied varieties of winter bread wheat were rejected in the field for all indicators from 2 to 7%. In the laboratory conditions, the rejection rate was slightly different and ranged from 1 to 8%. The highest seed productivity was formed by the varieties ‘Zernogradka 11' (11.2 t/ha), ‘Ermak' (10.8 t/ha), ‘Marafon' (11.5 t/ha) and ‘Krasa Dona' (11.5 t/ha). The percentage of seed productivity of the studied varieties varied from 67.4% to 93.3%. The maximum 1000 seed weight was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona' (52.7 g), ‘Volny Don' (49.8 g), ‘Volnitsa' (49.1 g). The indicators of the main varietal and sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds corresponded to GOST R 52325-2005.
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Mikyška, A., V. Psota i M. Hrabák. "Brewing trials with spring and winter barley varieties". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 1 (30.01.2012): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/145/2010-cjfs.
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The effects of a set of barley varieties on the brewing process and quality of beer production intermediaries were studied in trial brews (40 l) prepared using the two-mash decoction process. The varieties included in the trial were selected based on the starch granule size distribution determined previously. A significant effect of the varieties on the saccharification time of both mashes was determined. The highest saccharification rate in brews was achieved with the variety Jersey; the saccharification time of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> mash with the variety Tiffany was markedly longer. The varieties with a greater fraction of large starch granules (Tiffany and Luxor) exhibited a higher haze with sweet wort as well as hopped wort compared to the varieties with a low fraction of large starch granules (Jersey and Tolar). The effect on the lautering time was not demonstrated. Pronounced varietal differences were determined in the extract balance of the brewing process. The varieties Tiffany andLuxor exhibited significantly lower extract yields. The malts from these varieties had lower laboratory extracts and higher extract losses in spent grains. The effect of the variety on the sacharide composition in hopped wort was confirmed. The proportion of fermentable saccharides in hopped wort extract rose from the variety Tiffany (66.9%) to the varietyJersey (83.6%). A significant difference in the final attenuation was also determined (76% in beers prepared from the varieties Tiffany andLuxor compared to 81.5% from theJersey variety).
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Bitner, Wade, Jerry Goodspeed, Dan Drost i Rick McDaniel. "A NEW APPROACH TO VEGETABLE VARIETY EVALUATIONS FOR THE HOME GARDEN". HortScience 31, nr 3 (czerwiec 1996): 323b—323. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.323b.
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Conducting varietal evaluations for the home vegetable garden are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. As a result, most are done on an observational basis only. In 1991, a horticultural training program modeled after the highly successful Master Gardener program began at the Utah State Prison, Draper, for the prison inmate population. In 1994, 12 broccoli, 20 pepper, and 30 tomato varieties commonly used in the home garden were evaluated for growth and yield at the Prison Farm. Inmates raised, tended, harvested, and compiled the trial's data and participated in all evaluations of the varieties. Extension personnel provided the instruction and regular visits to conduct the trial. The project provides instruction on vegetable production and cultivar evaluations to the inmates while providing the public with needed cultivar information for the home garden. In addition, the partnership with the inmate population limits the time inputs necessary to conduct the trials by extension staff. This project will continue and greatly expand in 1995.
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FLINTHAM, J. E., A. BÖRNER, A. J. WORLAND i M. D. GALE. "Optimizing wheat grain yield: effects of Rht (gibberellin-insensitive) dwarfing genes". Journal of Agricultural Science 128, nr 1 (luty 1997): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003942.
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Four sets of near-isogenic lines carrying different combinations of the alleles Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht-B1c for gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared with tall controls in a series of yield trials in eastern England and central Germany. In all four varietal backgrounds the effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were similar (plant height ≈ 86 and 83% of tall controls respectively) and in combination reduced plant height to c. 58%. The Rht-B1c allele caused more severe dwarfism (c. 50%) and, when combined with Rht-D1b, reduced plant height still further to c. 41%.Data from the trials were consistent with a model for height/yield relationships in which the pleiotropic effects of the Rht alleles on yield can be inferred from their primary function: insensitivity to gibberellin limits stem extension growth, decreasing assimilate demand for this organ and diverting it to the developing ear (which is not itself dwarfed). The net balance between the resulting increase in harvest index and the curvilinear relationship observed between plant height and total shoot yield results in optimum grain yields at intermediate plant heights.Yield advantages of shorter plants over tall controls were evident over several trials with mean grain yields ranging from 200 to 760 g m−2. The optimum plant height for yield improvement in different genetic backgrounds was achieved by different Rht alleles according to the background varietal height, such that intrinsically taller genotypes required more potent Rht alleles to achieve maximum potential grain yield.Ear yield components showed increases in grain number due to Rht pleiotropy, from which it is inferred that the number of grains per ear is limited by supply of assimilates pre-anthesis. Increases in grain number were associated with decreases in mean weight per grain which varied according to severity of dwarfism and varietal background, so that the net effect on grain yield per ear was sometimes positive, sometimes negative, and sometimes neutral in different Rht/variety combinations.
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Zhang, Qifa, i Shu Geng. "A method of estimating varietal stability for data of long-term trials". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 71, nr 6 (marzec 1986): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00276422.
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Hasan, Syed Sarfaraz, i Sanjeev Kumar. ""Identification of promising genotypes in varietal trials of sugarcane using deep learning "". Journal of Sugarcane Research 11, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37580/jsr.2021.2.11.137-146.
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Pavithra, V., K. V. Ashalatha, B. Swathi, H. T. Vinay i Shridhar Ragi. "Grouping of Disease Resistant Sorghum Genotypes Based on Cluster Analysis Multivariate Tool". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 9 (22.07.2023): 1843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92415.
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Sorghum ranks as the fifth leading cereal grain globally in terms of both production and cultivated area, following wheat, rice, maize, and barley. Disease incidence is a significant limiting factor for sorghum production, directly impacting crop yield. This study utilizes secondary data collected from the All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Sorghum, Dharwad Centre. A total of forty-four genotypes were assessed in Initial Advanced Hybrid Trials, and forty-three genotypes were evaluated in Varietal Trials to study disease incidence, specifically Downy mildew, Charcoal rot, and Rust. The disease scores obtained from all genotypes were subjected to Hierarchical Clustering analysis to cluster the genotypes based on their disease resistance. The clustering analysis, using between-group linkage and dendrogram construction, resulted in the division of the forty-four hybrids into two clusters, while the forty-three varieties were grouped into three clusters. Notably, CSV 22 and CSV 29 R demonstrated high resistance to charcoal rot and resistance to both downy mildew and rust. On the other hand, SPV2758 and SPV2746 exhibited high susceptibility to downy mildew, resistance to rust, and moderate resistance to charcoal rot. The identified genotypes in this study hold potential as valuable sources of multiple disease resistance for incorporation into breeding programs aimed at varietal or hybrid development.
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Vergara, Georgina V., Sinath Srey, Rica Joy Flor, Akhara Ouk, Sokheng Keo, Sem Seyla, Layhout Leng i in. "Enabling Adoption of Stress-Tolerant Rice Varieties and Associated Production Management Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in Cambodia". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 20, nr 1 (2023): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.1.4.
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Smallholder rice farmers in four target provinces surrounding Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia face problems of crop failures and low yields due to biotic and abiotic factors and a lack of suitable seeds and technologies. This paper reviews the status of rice production in the four areas and discusses the approaches to foster wide-scale dissemination and adoption of high-yielding, stress-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) with resistance to biotic factors and tolerance to drought or floods. Baseline and endline surveys were conducted as well as extensive linkages with stakeholders, capacitybuilding activities, quality seed production at institutional level, field demonstration, and seed dissemination. The study summarizes data from 1,220 baseline respondents on demographic details, varietal use, knowledge assessment, and needs. The survey showed an aging profile, of which almost 25 percent are women, use of traditional and modern varieties with low yields of 2.5 t/ha, abiotic stress occurrence, and that only 14 percent of farmer respondents have heard about STRVs. In 30 months, training activities, varietal information, and diffusion of seeds reached 13,080 farmers. Results from 339 field trials showed the yield advantage of 1.0 to 1.5 t/ha of STRVs compared with those of farmer’s varieties. An endline survey from 424 farmers in 2018 showed recognition for government extension, better awareness of STRVs, high willingness to adopt STRVs at 92.4 percent of the respondents, preferred varietal traits, and additional training activities are needed. The barriers to adoption that were identified were concerns on low market price and marketability. Participatory trials and farmers’ field days were effective for early adoption as the visual performance of STRVs increased interest among farmer groups. Key government agencies are needed to promote and sustain registered seed production, availability of STRVs, and crop suitability. The support of the Royal Government of Cambodia and its new seed policy address problems on seed quality and availability.
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Jestin, L. "Some aspects of adaptation and adaptability of barley in European conditions." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, nr 3 (1.08.1985): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i3.16836.
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After a review of different approaches found in the literature to problems of adaptation and adaptability of barley, attention is paid to the ecophysiological reasons which may explain the recent extension of winter barley cultivation in NW Europe. A brief account is given of cooperative trials carried out in Europe to define spring barley varietal adaptability ("ESBAN" and "JESBT" trials). A general view of current statistical procedures to analyse adaptability and genotype environment interaction patterns is presented. Some indications are given of the use that the breeder can make of ecophysiological methodology and statistical models in breeding barley for wider adaptation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Kaliba, Aloyce R. M., Hugo Verkuijl i Wilfred Mwangi. "Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Maize Seeds and Use of Inorganic Fertilizer for Maize Production in the Intermediate and Lowland Zones of Tanzania". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, nr 1 (kwiecień 2000): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027802.
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AbstractThis paper examines factors influencing the adoption of improved maize seeds and the use of inorganic fertilizer for maize production by farmers in the intermediate and lowland zones of Tanzania. The results indicate that availability of extension services, on-farm field trials, variety characteristics and rainfall were the most important factors that influenced the extent of adopting improved maize seeds and the use of inorganic fertilizer for maize production. Farmers preferred those varieties which minimize field loss rather than maximizing yields. Future research and extension policies should emphasize farmer participation in the research process and on-farm field trials for varietal evaluation and demonstration purposes.
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Titarenko, A. V., I. V. Rylkov i U. A. Presnyakova. "The present set of winter bread wheat varieties in the Voronezh region according to their species". Grain Economy of Russia, nr 3 (9.07.2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-69-3-21-25.
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The current paper has presented the analysis of the structure of sown areas under winter bread wheat in the Voronezh region in 2016–2018, and there has been established a recent increase the share of the varieties lutescens L. In order to substantiate the present tendency, there have been also used the study results of the varietal set of the Eryshevsky State Varietal Plot of the Voronezh region. The field trials on the Plot to study winter bread wheat productivity were carried out according to the Method of the State Variety Testing for Agricultural Crops (1989), grain quality was estimated by the methods described in the reference book “Grain quality estimation” (1987), and according to the recommendations for the corresponding devices. The data on varietal sowings of winter wheat was provided by the Department of Agricultural Policy of the Voronezh Region. According to the study results, there have been shown the main originators on the market of varieties in the winter bread wheat sowings, as well as in the State Variety Testing. There has been identified a presence of two varieties erythrospermum (er.) and lutescens (lut.) in the set of varieties, and shown their correlation and interrelationship among the originators. In the State Variety Testing there has been noted a significant increase in wheat varieties from foreign farms and varieties of lutescens. According to the study results, when averaging the obtained productivity data and grain quality indicators at the the Eryshevsky State Varietal Plot, there hasn’t been found any significant difference between winter bread wheat varieties of the lutescens and erythrospermum varieties. There has been given average data on productivity and grain quality of varieties obtained from various originators.
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Lacoste, Myrtille, Robert Williams, William Erskine, Harry Nesbitt, Luis Pereira i Armandina Marçal. "Varietal Diffusion in Marginal Seed Systems: Participatory Trials Initiate Change in East Timor". Journal of Crop Improvement 26, nr 4 (lipiec 2012): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.651775.
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Yadav, Shubh Pravat Singh, Sujan Bhandari, Netra Ghimire, Sudikshya Nepal, Prava Paudel, Tika Bhandari, Pragya Paudel, Samaz Shrestha i Bishnu Yadav. "Varietal trials and yield components determining variation among okra varieties (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)". Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology 4, nr 1 (16.02.2023): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jaab.04.01.04.
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Yield analysis is necessary to test the overall performance of different okra varieties. For this, field experiments were performed during the summer season to assess the yield or production of different okra varieties under open field conditions. The experiment comprised four treatments with seven replicas in an RCBD. The treatments included four different varieties of okra: Arka Anamika, Chiranjeevi F1, Gunjan, and JK 1666. The experimental results showed that the average mean yield of four okra varieties was 98.30 gm per plant. Overall, it was further revealed that Arka Anamika gave the highest yield (101.01gm), followed by Gunjan (98.89gm), Chiranjeevi F1 (96.95gm), and JK1666 (96.37gm). Similarly, other parameters were also analyzed simultaneously to check yield attributing factors which unveiled that plant height was maximum (162.55 cm) in Chiranjeevi F1, followed by Gunjan, JK 1666, and Arka Anamika. Moreover, the number of primary branches was highest for Chiranjeevi F1 (4.47). Contrary to this, the number of pods per plant was also the most significant (3.80) in Arka Anamika. Further, Gunjan topped all the other three varieties in terms of pod diameter (5.53 cm) and weight of pod (25.12 gm). The pod length was highest in JK 1666 (14.83 cm). The data from the experiment also demonstrated that Arka Anamika matured faster (50 DAS) than the other three varieties, which showed Arka Anamika to be more economical for farmers; hence, from our field research, it can be inferred that Arka Anamika is a good variety for farmers growing okra in the Morang area.
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Kornacki, Andrzej, i Andrzej Bochniak. "The use of outlier detection methods in the log-normal distribution for the identification of atypical varietal experiments". Biometrical Letters 52, nr 2 (1.12.2015): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bile-2015-0007.
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Abstract In this study the Akaike information criterion for detecting outliers in a log-normal distribution is used. Theoretical results were applied to the identification of atypical varietal trials. This is an alternative to the tolerance interval method. Detection of outliers with the help of the Akaike information criterion represents an alternative to the method of testing hypotheses. This approach does not depend on the level of significance adopted by the investigator. It also does not lead to the masking effect of outliers.
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Jokinen, Kari. "Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures". Agricultural and Food Science 63, nr 4 (1.09.1991): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72403.
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Competition and yield advantage in barley varietal mixtures and in barley-oats mixtures were investigated. The trials were based on replacement series, but in a few cases the overall density of the stand was varied on the basis of an addition series. Both models of competition, one based on the de Wit model and the other upon a linear regression model, agreed as to which component was the dominant and which was the subordinate in the mixture. The competition coefficients from regression analyses depicted competition between components better in a dense than in a sparse stand. The competitive ability of a genotype did not depend directly upon individual characters of the genotype, such as rate of initial development, earliness, culm height, tillering capacity or grain yield in monoculture (adaptation), A good combination of characters from the viewpoint of competition was provided by the barley cv. Arra with its rapid initial development and rapid culm growth (earliness), the variety being dominant irrespective of number of components in the mixture, stand density, level of nitrogen fertilization or growing season. This suggests that competitive relations and distribution of resources within a mixture are determined at an early stage in the growing period. In other cases the competitive ability of a genotype varied from one environment to another with the competitive relations between components being inconsistent. The dominance of an aggressor usually increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization especially when the total density of the stand was high. As a rule, competition affected all the components of yield with the kernel weight being least affected. The grain yield of varietal mixtures did not differ from the yield of the highest yielding component grown alone, i.e., mixtures did not over yield. The relative yield total of varietal mixtures was higher at low (RYT > 1) than at optimal densities (RYT =1). Also the relative yield total was higher under conditions where the nitrogen fertilization was not optimal. The results of a varietal trial repeated during three successive years indicated that the relative yield total of a given mixture varied from one growing season to another, fluctuating around unity. Thus highly adapted barley varieties appear to compete for the same resources, and the grain yield advantage of such mixtures is marginal. The results of the barley-oats mixture trials revealed that the mixture may over yield. The relative yield totals of barley-oats mixtures were usually equal to or greater than unity the latter suggesting that the mixtures of barley and oats may use resources more efficiently than monocultures, and some grain yield advantage could be achieved with such mixtures. The protein yield of the barley-oats mixtures did not differ from the yield of the highest yielding component grown alone. The ratio of actual and expected protein yield and the relative protein yield total were usually slightly greater than one. The grain yields of mixtures were not consistently more stable than monocultures as determined by the coefficient of variation.
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Raper, Tyson B., Derrick M. Oosterhuis i Edward M. Barnes. "In-Season Cotton Drought-Stress Quantification: Previous Approaches and Future Directions". Journal of Cotton Science 20, nr 3 (2016): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/tbkp2320.
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Cotton producers in the Mid-South and southeastern regions of the U.S. have two approaches to manage drought stress: irrigate or plant drought-tolerant cultivars. Still, timing irrigations and defining the amount to be applied have been challenging in humid regions. Additionally, little information is available on varietal drought tolerance. An index capable of quantifying drought stress at a given location could be used to compile yield responses across variety trials to give robust insight into varietal drought tolerance and define irrigation thresholds for irrigated fields or provide information required to better place varieties in dryland scenarios, thereby increasing the water-use efficiency and sustainability of the production system. The objectives of this review are to cover past research conducted on developing drought-stress indices, examine the potential of soil moisture measurements to provide insight into cotton water status, and highlight cotton-specific data that likely will be used to construct a drought-stress index capable of providing insight into cotton water status. Although multiple approaches have been taken, each relies on some measure of drought stress coupled with susceptibility of the crop to the stress at a given point in the season. From this review, it is clear that new advancements in sensor technology and a better understanding of cotton’s susceptibility to drought stress should support the development of a more accurate, reliable drought-stress index capable of providing insight into varietal drought tolerance and driving irrigations.
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Soretire, Adeniyi, Olalekan Sakariyawo, Oyinkansola Yewande, John Adesodun, Aderonke Akintokun, Paul Soremi i Sunday Aderibigbe. "Changes in microbial biomass and grain yield of rice varieties in response to the alternate wet and dry water regime in the inland valley of derived savanna". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, nr 3 (2019): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1903239s.
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This investigation tested the hypothesis that the alternate wet and dry (AWD) water regime would increase soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial count. Variations in MBC, MBN and grain yield could be due to varietal differences in a derived savanna. Experiments (both pot and field ones) were conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (Latitude 7? 12? to 7? 20? N and Longitude 3? 20? to 3? 28? E), Nigeria in 2015. In both trials, the treatments consisted of water regimes (continuous flooding [control] and AWD imposed on lowland rice varieties [NERICA?L-19])and Ofada [local check] at the vegetative growth stage in three cycles. The design in both trials was a completely randomised and randomised complete block design for the pot and field experiments respectively, with three replicates. In the screen house, MBC and MBN were significantly higher in AWD than in continuously flooded soil, especially at the beginning of the AWD cycles. This could have caused nutrient pulses to sustain the improved performance of lowland rice under AWD. A converse pattern was observed in the field in the third cycle. Ofada rice had a significantly higher microbial count and MBC (cycle 1) than NERICA L-19, however, a converse pattern was observed in MBC (cycles 2 and 3) and MBN (cycle 1). Composition of their rhizodeposition and timing of cycles could explain the observed varietal differences in MBC and MBN.
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van Etten, Jacob, Kauê de Sousa, Amílcar Aguilar, Mirna Barrios, Allan Coto, Matteo Dell’Acqua, Carlo Fadda i in. "Crop variety management for climate adaptation supported by citizen science". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, nr 10 (19.02.2019): 4194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813720116.
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Crop adaptation to climate change requires accelerated crop variety introduction accompanied by recommendations to help farmers match the best variety with their field contexts. Existing approaches to generate these recommendations lack scalability and predictivity in marginal production environments. We tested if crowdsourced citizen science can address this challenge, producing empirical data across geographic space that, in aggregate, can characterize varietal climatic responses. We present the results of 12,409 farmer-managed experimental plots of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) in Nicaragua, durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.) in Ethiopia, and bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in India. Farmers collaborated as citizen scientists, each ranking the performance of three varieties randomly assigned from a larger set. We show that the approach can register known specific effects of climate variation on varietal performance. The prediction of variety performance from seasonal climatic variables was generalizable across growing seasons. We show that these analyses can improve variety recommendations in four aspects: reduction of climate bias, incorporation of seasonal climate forecasts, risk analysis, and geographic extrapolation. Variety recommendations derived from the citizen science trials led to important differences with previous recommendations.
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Ramsey, A. Ford, i Roderick M. Rejesus. "Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Measuring Varietal Improvement in Tobacco Yield and Quality". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 563–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.25.
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AbstractWe measure the economic impact of varietal improvement and technological change in flue-cured tobacco across quantity (e.g., yield) and quality dimensions under a voluntary quality constraint. Since 1961, flue-cured tobacco breeders in the United States have been subject to the Minimum Standards Program that sets limits on acceptable quality characteristics for commercial tobacco varieties. We implement a Bayesian hierarchical model to measure the contribution of breeding efforts to changes in tobacco yields and quality between 1954 and 2017. The Bayesian model addresses limited data for varieties in the trials and allows easy generation of the necessary parameters of economic interest.
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Sah, Surya N., i Diwakar Sharma. "Evaluation of Open Pollinated Normal Maize Varieties in the Eastern Mid Hill of Nepal". Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 8 (19.11.2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11566.
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Full season maize genotypes were evaluated in on station coordinated varietal experiments during summer season at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas in three consecutive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The objective of this study was to identify high yield potential normal maize genotypes suitable for the existing cropping patterns in the eastern mid hill. Genotypes were evaluated in coordinated varietal trials (CVT) in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and in intermediate yield trial (IYT) in 2004. Five common genotypes including local and standard check were evaluated in the CVT 2003 and in the CVT 2004, another five common genotypes tested in the CVT 2004 and in the CVT 2005 and six common genotypes of the IYT 2004 and CVT 2005 were analyzed over year. Genotype P501-SARCO-F1/P502-SARCO-F1 produced significantly higher grain yield followed by DRACOSYN- F1/DRBCOSYN-F1 in the 1st two years and found about one week earlier than Mankamana-3. Across 00502 and Across 9942/Across 9944 were found superior with respect to grain yield and phenotypic characters like husk cover, plant aspect and ear aspect both in CVT 2005 and IYT 2004 across the years and the genotype Across 9942/Across 9944 was found tolerant to turcicum leaf blight (TLB) in 2005.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 18-22DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11566
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Grum, M., M. Halafihi, O. Stölen i M. Sørensen. "Yield Performance of Yam Bean in Tonga, South Pacific". Experimental Agriculture 30, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700023851.
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SummaryTwenty one accessions of yam bean (Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC.) were tested in yield trials under short day conditions in Tonga, South Pacific. Fresh weight tuber yields ranged from 5.3 to 72.0 t ha−1, dry matter content from 8.0 to 20.8% and dry matter yields from 1.20 to 8.57 t ha−1. Crude protein content of peeled tubers varied between 5.1 and 9.8% of dry matter, yielding 71–540 kg ha−1 of crude protein. Varietal variation in leaf defoliation by the rose beetle, Adoretus versutus Har., was noted.
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Cagasan, Ulysses, Jose Bacusmo i Lilibeth Larangan. "Development of Improved Sweetpotato Varieties in the Philippines: Lessons Learned from the Central Luzon Experience". Science and Humanities Journal 9, nr 1 (1.12.2009): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.091.3.
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This paper presents results of the sweetpotato varietal trials in Central Luzon, as well as the lessons learned from the Central Luzon experience. A large number of promising genotypes was evaluated throughout the Philippines. As of the present, a total of 32 good performing sweetpotato (Sp) varieties have already been released by the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) as recommended varieties. Results of the regional trials conducted in Tarlac College of Agriculture (TCA) in Camiling, Tarlac revealed that the Sp lines recommended by NSIC were also the good performers in Central Luzon. Of these varieties, VSP-6 was found to be widely adopted by many farmers in the area. Of the 48 SP clones evaluated, only five were found tolerant to viruses. These were J53-7, J60-2, Tres Colores, Tinagimtim and VSP 6.
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López, Antonio José, Luis Alfredo Hernández i Carlos Iglesias. "Selección varietal participativa para el mejoramiento de la yuca con agricultores en la región Caribe colombiana: desarrollo de una metodología". Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 8, nr 2 (7.01.2008): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol8_num2_art:92.
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<p>La participación del agricultor en la selección de variedades ha sido ampliamente documentada en varios cultivos y países; sin embargo, pocos desarrollos metodológicos se han orientado al desarrollo de nuevas variedades. El presente artículo documenta la formulación y aplicación de una metodología de selección varietal participativa (SVP) en yuca a lo largo de cuatro años con agricultores de la región Caribe colombiana. La metodología constó de cuatro etapas: en la de diagnóstico se indagaron las prácticas de los agricultores y sus conceptos sobre las características de las variedades que usan; en la etapa de oferta tecnológica se seleccionaron 10 clones avanzados suministrados por ICA y CIAT; en la etapa de evaluación, usando datos y criterios provenientes de los agricultores, se estableció una red de 60 pruebas de SVP; la etapa final de procesamiento de datos, análisis y retro-información se desarrolló en dos fases, una de análisis de los datos y otra de utilización de los resultados en el proceso de fitomejoramiento. Mientras los fitomejoradores señalaron una variedad ideal basados en atributos genotípicos, para los agricultores dicha variedad reunía una combinación de caracteres bióticos, físicos y socioeconómicos. El 72% de las expresiones obtenidas en la fase de evaluación se refirieron a la raíz y se identificaron tres categorías de aceptación de una variedad. Además, se definieron criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos óptimos para datos agronómicos, así como los rasgos de mayor importancia para los agricultores. Finalmente, se evaluó la eficacia de los genotipos evaluados en seis diferentes ambientes (años y sitios) para los caracteres agronómicos preferidos. Los productos principales de esta metodología fueron cuatro variedades de yuca liberadas, la reducción de 13 a 8 años en el período de desarrollo de una variedad y, finalmente, la adopción de una metodología de SVP aplicable en programas de fitomejoramiento de yuca. </p><p> </p><p> <strong>Varietal participative selection for cassava breeding with small farmers in Colombian Caribbean region: a methodology development </strong></p><p>Farmer’s participation in varietal selection has been broadly documented in several crops and countries. However, few methodological developments have focused on the development of new varieties. This paper describes a participatory varietal selection methodology (PVS) in cassava developed through a four year research project with farmers of the Colombian Caribbean region. Four phases were developed: in the diagnostic stage, farmer’s practices and concepts about traits of the varieties used were queried, during the technological offer stage, 10 advanced clones provided by ICA and CIAT were selected. In the evaluation stage, a network of 60 PVS trials was established; the final stage of data processing, analysis and feed-back was developed in two phases: one of data analysis and the other incorporating the results in the plant breeding process. Whereas plant breeders chose an ideal variety based on genotypic attributes, for the farmers such a variety had a combination of biotic, physical and socio-economic characteristics. 72% of the opinions obtained during the evaluation stage referred to the root and three categories of variety acceptance were identified. Furthermore, optimal quantitative and qualitative criteria were defined for agronomic traits as well as the traits of greater importance for the farmers. Finally, using the preferred agronomic characteristics, efficacy of the selected genotypes was evaluated under six different environmental conditions (years and sites). The main outcome of this methodology was the release of four cassava varieties, the reduction from 13 to 8 years in the time to develop a variety, and, lastly, the adoption of an SVP methodology applicable in cassava breeding programs. </p>
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MULATU, E., i K. BELETE. "PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN LOWLAND SORGHUM IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA: IMPACT ON ADOPTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY". Experimental Agriculture 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2001): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479701002034.
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Farmers' Participatory Varietal Evaluation (PVE) was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) crops in the Kile-Bisidimo plains of eastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years, 1995–1997. The study aimed at providing farmers with alternatives to their landrace to enable them to overcome crop losses and to identify farmers' varietal selection criteria for inclusion in future breeding work. In 1995 constraints and opportunities in sorghum growing and farmers' varietal matching characteristics were identified through an informal survey. This was followed by a search for varieties and acquisitions of seed. Subsequently, eight varieties were evaluated of which five varieties were released and three were at the pre-release stage.In 1996 and 1997 farmer-managed on-farm trials were conducted and farmers evaluated the performance of the experimental varieties against a locally grown cultivar. Through pairwise and matrix ranking, farmers' selection criteria were listed, preferred varieties identified and initiatives taken to diffuse the varieties through the local seed system. Out of the eight varieties that research workers considered the best, farmers selected only three. The study negated the generally accepted view that farmers in lowland areas of eastern Ethiopia are reluctant to grow short-duration varieties. The selection and introduction of three new varieties into a farming system where farmers were growing only one local variety reconfirmed PVE to be a means for enhancing adoption and increasing genetic diversity. The study also confirmed that increasing farmers' access to their preferred varieties would result in a faster rate of diffusion through farmer-to-farmer seed exchange.
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Psota, Vratislav, Marián Svorad, Markéta Musilová i Rastislav Boško. "Barley varieties registered in the Slovak Republic after the harvest 2022". KVASNY PRUMYSL 69, nr 3 (15.06.2023): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2023.69.740.
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The study presents the results of technological quality and agronomic characteristics of the spring barley LG Flamenco and winter barley Sonja. These varieties have passed three-year trials within the state varietal trials of the Slovak Republic. At the optimum nitrogen content in unmalted grain, the LG Flamenco variety showed an extract content of 83.2% and the Sonja variety 81.4%. The diastatic power was at the optimum level for both varieties (316 and 411 WK un.). The Kolbach index was at the optimum level (48.3%) for LG Flamenco and 39.6% for Sonja. In the LG Flamenco variety, cell wall degradation was given by a friability value of 88% and a β-glucan content of 192 mg/l. The friability value for the variety Sonja was 82% and the β-glucan content was 193 mg/l. The quality (apparent final attenuation) of the sweet wort was satisfactory for both varieties (81.0%).
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Levakova, O. V., L. M. Eroshenko i A. N. Eroshenko. "SPRING BARLEY NADEZHNYY". Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, nr 2 (11.04.2018): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2018/2/43-44.
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According to the results of competitive variety trials for 2009-2014 G. G. for yield and evaluation of biological and agronomic indicators of the selected line 11/1-05h 37(Annabel x Elf), which in 2015 was transferred to the State variety trial and included in the state register under the name Reliable. The article presents varietal description and brief characteristics of varieties on yield and quality. The most important biological feature of the variety is the high adaptability and adaptability to different growing conditions. In 2017 the results of two years testing the variety is zoned in the Central (3) and Volga-Vyatka (4) regions. Grade Reliable (Patent No. 8940 from 28.02.2017) two-rowed barley varieties nutans. With high technological grain quality parameters of the variety in the different conditions have been provided huge yield increment – 3351.03 pounds per hectare and in 2013 in Moscow Agricultural Research Institute – 7980.734 pounds per hectare.
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Ward, Rachelle, Lorraine Spohr i Peter Snell. "Rice grain quality: an Australian multi-environment study". Crop and Pasture Science 70, nr 11 (2019): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19194.
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Rice is a staple for much of the world’s population. Increased production of good-quality rice is a necessity for global food security. Variable water supply and increasingly unpredictable weather is an ongoing challenge to the Australian rice industry, with the impact felt along the supply chain from growers to consumers. This multi-environment trial (MET) is focused on capturing the quality of milled grain produced in new growing regions beyond south-eastern Australia. Data on grain quality from 54 rice-variety trials grown between 2008 and 2017 across 10 locations and two seasons (wet and dry) spanning four Australian states and territories are included. Physical quality traits (yellowness index and whole grain yield), grain composition (apparent amylose and protein content) and eating quality traits (setback and gelatinisation temperature) were analysed. Varietal predictions for each quality trait at a range of sites provide evidence for the industry to develop strategies to deliver a consistent supply of high-quality Australian-grown rice.
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Kelly, Alison M., Alison B. Smith, John A. Eccleston i Brian R. Cullis. "The Accuracy of Varietal Selection Using Factor Analytic Models for Multi-Environment Plant Breeding Trials". Crop Science 47, nr 3 (maj 2007): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0540.
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Kamai, Nkeki, Nuhu Adamu Gworgwor i Joshua Wasinaninda Wabekwa. "Varietal Trials and Physiological Components Determining Yield Differences among Cowpea Varieties in Semiarid Zone of Nigeria". ISRN Agronomy 2014 (1.04.2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925450.
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Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11°47.840′N; 13°12.021′E; elevation 319 m asl), in Borno State in semiarid zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the physiological traits associated with high grain yield in the semiarid zone of Nigeria. The trial consisted of eight treatments, which included two local varieties, namely, Kannanado White and Borno Brown and six improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-568-18, IT89KD-288, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-391. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The gross plot size was 5.0 m × 4.0 m (20 m2) while the net plot size was 3.6 m × 3.0 m (10.8 m2). The results showed that the improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-288, had significantly higher grain yield per hectare and matured earlier to escape drought in this agroecological zone. The local varieties also had significantly heavier grains, took more days to reach first and 50% flowering, and matured later than the improved varieties. Cowpea grain yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with harvest index, shell weight, soil moisture suction measurements, shelling percentage, and grain yield per plant and also significant negative correlation between cowpea grain yield per hectare and number of days to first and 50% flowering, 100-grain weight, number of days to physiological maturity, and pod development period. The results also indicated that fodder yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation thereby indicating that higher photosynthetically active radiation produced higher yield of fodder.