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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Value effect- India"
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Varshney, Anurag. "Adverse Effect of Demonetization in India". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, nr 2 (2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521702.
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Demonetization in India is adverse effected Indian economy. It assumes that in long run it will be positive for economic growth, development and GDP. Black Money market will be finished and Indian currency value will be increased at International level. India faces a big revolution change in economy as aversive or supportive. Predictions and problem could be study but only Future can shoe the right result. Indian economy has to have stood very strongly at world level Economic Growth. The study is defining the adverse effect on economy during Demonetization Period.
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Arora, Taruntej Singh, i Suveera Gill. "Impact of corporate tax aggressiveness on firm value: evidence from India". Managerial Finance 48, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2021-0033.
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PurposeThere is mixed evidence in the extant literature on the firm value implications of corporate tax aggressiveness in the developed economies. There are, however, limited studies that discuss this relationship in the case of emerging economies. The present study aims to bridge this research gap by exploring the relationship between corporate tax aggressiveness and firm value in context of the Indian economy.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises 547 S&P BSE 500 (Standard and Poor's Bombay Stock Exchange 500) Index companies for Financial Year (FY) 2009–10 through FY 2018–19. A fixed-effects panel model has been used to discern the impact of corporate tax aggressiveness on firm value with and without the moderating effect of a proxy for corporate governance strength.FindingsThe results highlight a significant negative relationship between corporate tax aggressiveness and firm value in India, whilst the analysis on the moderating effect of corporate governance strength on this relationship revealed a mix of significant and insignificant results. These results were robust to an alternate specification of the corporate governance strength proxy, the system GMM estimation employed to deal with endogeneity and a change in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) regulation brought into effect by the Companies Act, 2013.Originality/valueThe study reveals a firm value discount associated with corporate tax aggressiveness in India which is likely due to its ability to increase opportunities for wealth expropriation by managers. This can further be attributed to the ineffective corporate governance mechanisms that make agency problems more severe in the case of emerging economies like India.
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Mann, Bikram Jit Singh, i Sonia Babbar. "New product announcements effect on stock prices in India". Journal of Asia Business Studies 11, nr 4 (12.12.2017): 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-08-2015-0145.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to study the impact of new product announcements on the shareholder value in India since; there is lack of perceptive results regarding the impact. Also, an attempt has been made to analyse the determinants of value creation, by industry type, which has so far escaped the attention of researchers. Design/methodology/approach First, standard event study methodology has been used to measure the abnormal gains/losses of the announcing firms for the new product introductions. Second, regression analysis has been conducted to find out the relationship between the shareholder value and the firm and industry characteristic variables. Findings The results of the study show that the announcing companies in India have got significant positive returns during the announcement of the new product. The value stands at 0.00455 for the event day. In the second part, the application of the regression test has found that firm size, R&D intensity, free cash flow, debt ratio and market size are significant variables in the determination of the shareholder value. Originality/value The present study goes a step further in establishing the reasons for value creation when new product announcements are made by the Indian firms. The analysis has been carried out industry wise to identify the determinants of shareholder value in different industries. This would guide the decision makers at the strategic level and players of the stock market at large in taking much more informed decisions.
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Chakravarti, Pritha, i Felix Boronczyk. "Corruption and Sponsor Value: An Event Study Analysis". International Journal of Sport Finance 16, nr 2 (1.02.2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/ijsf/161.022020.04.
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This study quantifies the negative effects of corruption on sponsors of the Indian Premier League (IPL) and presents unbiased sponsor-linked outcomes as its results. The event study methodology was used for the purpose of measuring the reaction of the Indian shareholders to the unexpected event that was the decision of the Supreme Court of India to ban two teams and several officials from cricketing affairs for life in response to the discovery of corruption. The results of this study show there is an immediate loss in firm value for sponsors that are linked to events and teams proved to be corrupt. The negative effects are larger for firms that are event sponsors, as compared to team sponsors. Some sponsors of non-corrupt teams also suffered damage due to the announcement of the Court; however, this effect was short-lived and wore off relatively quickly.
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Sobti, Neharika. "Does Size, Value and Seasonal Effects Still Persist in Indian Equity Markets?" Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, nr 1 (7.02.2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262917750230.
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This article is an attempt to re-examine the persistence of company fundamentals such as size and value effects along with seasonal anomalies, such as January, April and Diwali (November) effects, in explaining the cross-sectional variation in average return of portfolios in the Indian equity market. The study analysed 740–1530 companies on an average listed on NSE for the period of 1996–2016 taking Nifty 500 as the market index. The study follows the standard methodology of Fama and French (1993) in constructing size and value mimicking portfolios but the originality comes from formulating 30 size–value-sorted portfolios with size sorted on deciles. An attempt has been made to compare single-index model with Fama–French Three-Factor (FFTF) model in the present context. The study finds evidence of both size and value effect in India and non-existence of January, April and Diwali effects in India for the given period as found previously by Gupta and Kumar (2007), Connor and Sehgal (2001) and Tripathi (2008). The FFTF model does better job than single-index model.
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Mishra, Rakesh Kumar, i Sheeba Kapil. "Effect of board characteristics on firm value: evidence from India". South Asian Journal of Business Studies 7, nr 1 (5.03.2018): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-08-2016-0073.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of board characteristics and firm performance for Indian companies. Design/methodology/approach Corporate governance structures of 391 Indian companies out of CNX 500 companies listed on National Stock Exchange have been studied for their impact on performance of companies. Structural equation modeling methodology has been employed on data for five financial years from 2010 to 2014 for selected companies. Market-based measure (Tobin’s Q) and accounting-based measure (return on asset) have been employed for measuring firm performance. Findings Empirical findings indicate that there is significant positive association between board size and firm performance. Board independence is found significantly related to firm performance. Number of board meetings is found to be sending positive signal to the market creating firm value. Separation of CEO and chairman of the board is found to be value creating and overburdened directors affect firm performance adversely. Findings also suggest that the governance-performance relationship is also dependent upon the type of performance measures used in the study. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study are in terms of data methodology and possible omission of some variables. It is understood that the qualitative dynamics happening inside board meetings impact corporate performance. The strategic decisions-making process adopted by the boards to fight competition or to increase market share is not available in public domain easily. The decision-making processes and monitoring for implementation of these decisions could impact corporate governance-performance relationship. These parameters and their impact on corporate performance are not covered under the scope of the present study. However, the same could have thrown more light on governance-performance relationship. Originality/value The paper adds to the emerging body of literature on corporate governance-performance relationship in the Indian context using a reasonably wider and newer data set.
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Wardani, Vika, i Andrie Sunyigono. "Daya Saing dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Lada Indonesia ke India". Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 5, nr 3 (1.07.2021): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.03.5.
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Pepper is one of the export commodities that contributes significantly to the Indonesian economy. Indonesian pepper exports have fluctuated in destinations such as India, which is included in the world's largest pepper importer country. The study aims to analyze competitiveness (comparative advantage) and factors affecting Indonesian exports to India in pepper commodities. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Multiple Linear Regression are analysis methods in research. The results showed that Indonesian pepper has strong competitiveness in the Indian market. Volume of Indonesian pepper exports to India has significant effect were the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar and the value of RCA, while the national pepper production, the price of Indonesian pepper exports, and Indian consumption did not have a significant effect.
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Das, Kishore Kumar, i Shahnawaz Ali. "Effect of demonetization on microfinance industry in India". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, nr 3 (1.05.2021): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1105.
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High-value denomination currency was scrapped off from the Indian economy on 8th November 2016, Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 currency notes were declared invalid at midnight hour. Taking such a bold step by Hon. Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi, means declaring 86% of cash in circulation an illegal tender overnight. This study is conducted on the immediate effect of demonetization on the microfinance industry in India and its after-effects in the later years. We have analyzed the data collected from the rural sector, on the collections and lending, impact on the farmers, how it has affected the small microfinance companies. We have also analyzed RBI’s initiative towards financial inclusion, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), the emergence of new Small Finance Banks, Digital Banks, Payment banks, etc. We have critically analyzed the impact of cost versus the benefit from the demonetization exercise for the rural and microfinance industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the overall financial inclusion of the rural and small sectors towards the dream of a Cashless Economy.
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Dawar, Varun. "Earnings persistence and stock prices: empirical evidence from an emerging market". Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 12, nr 2 (30.09.2014): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-06-2013-0044.
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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the persistence ability of accounting variables, namely, abnormal earnings, book value, accruals and cash flows over a period of time and their valuation relevance in Indian scenario. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes the generalized version of the Ohlson model which links market prices with abnormal earnings, book value and earning components (accruals and cash flows). Fixed-effect panel data regression is used to analyze six years of data on the sample units to determine the persistence and valuation relevance. Findings – The findings provide evidence on the construct of persistence and value relevance of earnings and book value of equity in the Indian context. The findings further confirm that investors in India are fixated on earnings and fail to attend separately to the cash flow and accrual components of earnings while undertaking their investment decisions. Practical implications – The empirical findings of the study will enable the analysts and investors to understand the relevance and persistence of accounting variables in case of an emerging market like India. Originality/value – The study extends the extant literature on value relevance studies in developed markets to an emerging market like India and enriches it in several ways.
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Padhi, Shradha, i Sumita Mishra. "Effect of Honesty as an Ethical Value on Software Project Performance: A Grounded Theory Approach". Journal of Human Values 23, nr 2 (11.04.2017): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685816689737.
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For successful project outcomes to organizations and clients alike, project managers (PMs) need to make ethical decisions and yet balance the interests of all stakeholders involved. Hence, honest communication among project stakeholders is essential as a countermeasure to this paradox. Honesty is one of the core ethical values propagated by the Project Management Institute (PMI), USA. Our study aimed to gain an endogenous perspective on honesty vis-à-vis its reification by PMI in its effect on software project performance. Empirical data were collected through in-depth interviews from 83 Indian PMs in one of the prominent Indian software consulting organizations. Grounded theory was utilized to analyze the data obtained. Our results validate the importance of honesty on software project performance, the need for trust among stakeholders in maintaining honesty, importance of Indian culture in understanding honesty and ensuing ethical challenges faced by PMs. Our results bear implications to extant research on honesty in projects with specific reference to the Indian software context. They are important for PMI professionals as they provide a culture-specific perspective to honesty and the scope for ideation on how to inculcate and sustain honesty in project management in India.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Value effect- India"
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Manocha, Raghav. "Effect of consumption-context and product attributes on social value perception of luxury clothes for Indian female consumers". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E001.
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Cette étude, réalisée auprès de jeunes femmes Indiennes, met en lumière l’importance du contexte de consommation et celle du design dans la valeur sociale perçue d’un vêtement de luxe. L’étude analyse la perception de la valeur sociale d’un vêtement de luxe (Perceived Social Fit) en fonction de deux facteurs. Le premier facteur, lié au contexte est illustré par le genre d’événement (traditionnel ou moderne) et la proximité en âge des personnes présentes à l’événement (personnes du même âge ou personnes plus âgées). Le deuxième facteur, lié aux caractéristiques du vêtement de luxe se réfère à l’origine perçue du design (indienne, occidentale ou indo-occidentale) et à sa modestie (modeste ou plus dénudé). Du fait des orientations collectives de la société indienne, porter un vêtement de luxe approprié à l’occasion sociale confère plus de prestige et est socialement mieux perçu.Le cadre conceptuel est fondé sur la littérature portant sur la valeur sociale perçue d’un vêtement de luxe tandis que le luxe et la mode en Inde évolue entre tradition locale et influence globale. Dans la culture Indienne collectiviste, les femmes Indiennes donne la priorité au contexte d’usage dans le processus de choix d’un vêtement de luxe. La validation empirique a en premier lieu visé à mieux comprendre les déterminants du choix d’un vêtement de luxe à l’aide d’une analyse de 24 entretiens semi directifs réalisés auprès de jeunes femmes Indiennes.Le travail empirique s’est poursuivi par une expérimentation réalisée auprès de 994 femmes Indiennes. Lors de cette expérimentation intra-sujets, chaque répondant a évalué six robes pour chacun des quatre événements représentatifs de la société Indienne. Les six robes varient en design (Indien, Indo-occidental, Occidental) et en modestie (modeste, dénudé). Les quatre événements varient en modernité (traditionnel versus moderne) et en compagnie (de pairs ou de plus âgés). De nombreux effets principaux sont significatifs. Par exemple, les robes au design indien ont une meilleure adaptation sociale perçue que les robes au design indo-occidental et occidental; les robes au design indo-occidental ont une meilleure adaptation sociale perçue que les robes au design occidental et les robes modestes ont une meilleure adaptation sociale perçue que les robes dénudées. Parmi les effets d’interaction, lors d’un événement fréquenté par des personnes plus âgées, une robe de style indien a une meilleure adaptation sociale perçue que les robes de style occidental et indo-occidental, tandis que lors d’un événement fréquenté par des personnes du même âge, c’est la robe de style occidental qui a la meilleure adaptation sociale perçue. De plus, lors d'un événement social dit «moderne», une robe de luxe plus dénudée est socialement mieux perçue qu'une robe modeste, alors que lors d'un événement traditionnel, une robe modeste est mieux perçue qu’une robe plus dénudée. Résultat inattendu, les robes de style Indo occidental sont socialement mieux perçues lors d’un événement moderne que les robes de style occidental. La recherche suggère un certain nombre d’implications managériales. Ainsi, les maisons de luxe occidentales auraient intérêt à tenir compte du contexte dans lequel la robe risque d’être portée. Par exemple pour un événement dit «moderne», nous suggérons d’insérer des éléments de design occidental dans les robes indiennes. Ces mêmes maisons de luxe pourraient également adapter les robes occidentales au design Indien empreint de modestie (c’est-à-dire en respectant les parties du corps qui doivent être cachées en Inde), et en recourant à des tissus et teintes appréciés en Inde. Les créateurs indiens ont pour leur part tout intérêt à conserver et à renforcer leur point fort, à savoir l'artisanat et les matériaux traditionnels. Mais ils peuvent innover en insérant certains traits de design occidental dans leurs modèles IndiensThis study conducted among young Indian females, sheds light on the importance of consumption-context and apparel attributes in determining the social value perception of a luxury dress. The study analyzes the perceived social fit of a luxury dress as a function of two factors: First, a context-related factor comprises the type of event (traditional or modern), and the people who are present at the event (peers or elders). Second, an attribute-related factor refers to the perceived design origin (Indian or Western or Indo-western), and the modesty of the dress (modest or revealing). As a result of collectivistic orientations of Indian society, wearing a contextually-fit luxury dress helps earn more prestige in one’s group and will help gain high social value. The literature review analyzes the importance of the perceived social value for a luxury outfit in India, in the Indian context of luxury apparel, evolving along traditional design and global influence. In the Indian collectivist culture, Indian females give priority to the usage context when they choose a luxury garment. We propose a conceptual framework derived from the literature.In the empirical work, we started analyzing 24 semi–structured interviews of young Indian females. This qualitative study helped to better understand the choice process of a luxury garment. Next, an experiment was carried out with 994 Indian females. In this within-subjects experiment, each subject had to assess the social fit of six dresses, for each of four representative events of Indian society. The six dresses varied in design (Indian, Indo-western, Western) and in modesty (modest or revealing). The four events varied in modernity (traditional versus modern) and in company (with peers, or with elders).Many main effects are significant. For example, Indian dresses have higher perceived social fit than Indo-western and Western dresses; Indo-western dresses have higher perceived social fit than Western dresses; and modest dresses have higher perceived social fit than revealing dresses. Among interaction effects, for an event with elders, an Indian dress has a higher perceived social fit than Western and Indo-western dresses, whereas for an event with peers, a Western luxury dress has a higher perceived social fit. During a modern social occasion, a revealing luxury dress has a higher perceived social fit than a modest dress, whereas during a traditional event, a modest dress has a higher perceived social fit than a revealing dress. Unexpectedly, Indo-western dresses score higher in perceived social fit than Western dresses for a modern social occasion. The research suggests a number of managerial implications. Western luxury houses should take into account the context in which the dress will be worn. For example, in a so called “modern” event, we suggest to infuse Western elements in Indian dresses. Western houses can also tailor Western dresses, to Indian dress attributes such as modesty (i.e., respecting the parts of body that should be hidden in India), and textiles and colors liked in India. Indian designers should hold on to and strengthen their forte – traditional craftsmanship and dress-materials. However, they may innovate by infusing selected Western elements in their Indian models
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Hubbert, Ann Olivia 1950. "EFFECTS OF A FIVE-DAY TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE EXPERIENTIAL CONFERENCE ON THE HOLISTIC VALUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277203.
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Harshita. "Stock market anomalies : an empirical study in Indian context". Thesis, 2018. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/7933.
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Stinson, Julie D. "The effects of simulated thinning treatments on volume and value of 65- to 80- year old stands dominated by noble fir on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon /". 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9870.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Effects of changing the tax treatment of fringe benefits : report to the Joint Committee on Taxation, U.S. Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Effects of the alcohol fuels tax incentives : report to the chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Effects of the alcohol fuels tax incentives : report to the Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Effects of the alcohol fuels tax incentives : report to the Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Falcone, Jessica Marie. Battling the Buddha of Love. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501723469.001.0001.
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This ethnography explores the controversial plans and practices of the Maitreya Project, as they worked to build the “world's tallest statue” as a multi-million dollar “gift” to India. This effort entailed a plan to forcibly acquire hundreds of acres of occupied land for the statue park in the Kushinagar area of Uttar Pradesh. The Buddhist statue planners ran into obstacle after obstacle, including a full-scale grassroots resistance movement of Indian farmers working to “Save the Land.” In telling the “life story” of the proposed statue, the book sheds light on the aspirations, values and practices of both the Buddhists who worked to construct the statue, as well as the Indian farmer-activists who tirelessly protested against it. Since the majority of the supporters of the Maitreya Project statue are “non-heritage” practitioners to Tibetan Buddhism, the book narrates the spectacular collision of cultural values between small agriculturalists in rural India and transnational Buddhists from around the world. The book endeavors to show the cultural logics at work on both sides of the controversy. Thus, this ethnography of a future statue of the Maitreya Buddha—himself the “future Buddha”—is a story about divergent, competing visions of Kushinagar’s potential futures.
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Camasso, Michael J., i Radha Jagannathan. Caught in the Cultural Preference Net. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672782.001.0001.
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In this book, the authors focus their attention on the role that culture, that collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences responsible for creating national identities, has played and continues to play on individuals’ decisions when they are in or about to enter the labor market. At a time when millennials face many employment challenges and Generation Z can be expected to encounter even more, a clearer understanding of the ways cultural transmission could facilitate or hinder productive and rewarding work would appear to be both useful and well-timed. The book’s title—Caught in the Cultural Preference Net: Three Generations of Employment Choices in Six Capitalist Democracies—conveys the authors’ aim to determine if work-related beliefs, attitudes, and preferences have remained stable across generations or if they have become pliant under changing economic conditions. And while millennials serve as the anchoring point for much of our discussion, they do not neglect the significance that their parents from Generation X (b. 1965–1982) and their baby boomer parents (b. 1945–1964) may have had on their socialization into the world of work. The book is organized around three lines of inquiry: (a) Do some national cultures possess value orientations that are more successful than others in promoting economic opportunity? (b) Does the transmission of these value orientations demonstrate persistence irrespective of economic conditions or are they simply the result of these conditions? (c) If a nation’s beliefs and attitudes do indeed impact opportunity, do they do so by influencing an individual’s preferences and behavioral intentions? The authors’ principal method for isolating the employment effects of cultural transmission is what is referred to as a stated preference experiment. They replicate this experiment in six countries—Germany, Sweden, Spain, Italy, India, and the United States—countries that have historically adopted significantly different forms of capitalism. They not only find some strong evidence for cultural stability across countries but also observe an erosion in this stability among millennials.
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Kumar, TM Vinod, i Dilip R. Ahuja, red. Rural Energy Planning for The Indian Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.7.
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This book is perhaps the first effort to focus on energy issues in the Indian Himalayas. Though a lot has been written on the ecological consequences (of energy-related activities), these energy issues by themselves have not received sufficient attention. The papers in this volume have been selected from those commissioned by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, and the Tata Energy Research Institute as a part of their collaborative programme on rural energy planning. As it was found that critical gaps exist in knowledge and experience in the area of effective diffusion of energy technologies for promoting Himalayan development, it was felt that a collection of papers on the existing states-of-the-art would be a useful first step before embarking on practical interventions. There are papers that have focussed on technologies, planning issues and economic welfare aspects relevant to development in all the different regions of the Himalayas. Some authors have focussed instead on the regions and have looked at the status of the three subject areas (technologies, planning and welfare) as they pertain to their regions. The major value of this book is that in addition to a clear articulation of problems, issues and possible solutions, it represents a comprehensive collection of information existing for this region. The authors have also brought out the gaps that exist currently and have established priorities for further research and direction for programmes to promote sustainable development of energy resources and their use in the Himalayan region.
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Stinson, Julie D. The effects of simulated thinning treatments on volume and value of 65- to 80- year old stands dominated by noble fir on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon. 1996.
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Pande, S. Evaluation of the Effects of Plant Diseases on Yield and Nutritive Value of Crop Residues Used for Peri-Urban Dairy Production on the Deccan Plateau of India ; Summary Proceedings of a Workshop Held a. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2003.
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Monga, Célestin, i Justin Yifu Lin, red. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793847.001.0001.
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This book examines a variety of topics relating to structural transformation, such as why such transformations are associated with persistently high unemployment; the ‘flying-geese’ theory introduced by Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu in the mid-1930s; mutual, two-way dependence of structural transformation and food security; a competitiveness-based view of structural transformation; the link between world trade and structural change from 1800 to present; the relationship between financial reforms, financial development, and structural change; sustainable structural change in the context of global value chains; and the commonly used strategies to build effective clusters and industrial parks. The book also discusses the specific problems that arise when composing an index of structural change and development, and suggests ways to address them; how structural change can be formally modelled in New Structural Economics (NSE); and some of the key elements of the knowledge accumulated in development economics. Furthermore, it identifies three key economic forces that drive structural transformation: the first emphasizes income effects, while the other two both emphasize relative price effects. The experiences of regions and countries such as Latin America, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), India, Egypt, Viet Nam, China, Korea, Taiwan, Ethiopia, and Tanzania with respect to structural transformation are also analysed. Finally, the book considers what is harmful in the existing structures, what goals we want any new structures to serve, and what structures would serve the chosen goals.
Części książek na temat "Value effect- India"
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van de Poel, Ibo, Tristan de Wildt i Dyami van Kooten Pássaro. "COVID-19 and Changing Values". W Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 23–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08424-9_2.
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AbstractWe study value change due to the corona pandemic. With the help of topic modelling, we analysed COVID-related news articles for changes in the frequency of how often these news articles address eleven different values. We looked at news articles from six countries (US, UK, South Africa, India, Japan, South Korea) and new articles spanning a longer period (2016–20); the latter also contained non-COVID news. We find that in the first few months of the pandemic, there is a punctuated shock in the frequency in which values are addressed. While we see a sharp increase in the value of health and safety, we see a significant decline in the values of democracy, privacy, and socio-economic equality. However, after the first months, we see a move in the opposite direction, which suggests that the punctuated shock’s effect may be cancelled over time. We also present – and offer possible explanations for – differences between countries and compare our results with the literature. We do not find evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic confronts us with a moral dilemma of health versus economic welfare, or lives versus livelihoods, as has sometimes been suggested. Our study also indicates a degree of moral resilience in the studied countries, in the sense of the ability to pay attention to morally important values, despite being put under pressure during a crisis.
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Sikdar, Chandrima. "Global Value Chain and Effects of Trade Policy Instruments—A Case of India". W Applications of the Input-Output Framework, 293–314. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1507-7_11.
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Nijman, Jan. "The Effects of Economic Globalization: Land Use and Land Values in Mumbai, India". W Globalization and the Margins, 150–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403918482_10.
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Reite, Karl-Johan, Jose A. Fernandes, Zigor Uriondo i Iñaki Quincoces. "The Potential of Big Data for Improving Pelagic Fisheries Sustainability". W Big Data in Bioeconomy, 371–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_28.
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AbstractThe use of big data methods and tools are expected to have a profound effect on the pelagic fisheries sustainability and value creation. The potential impact on fuel consumption, planning and fish stock assessments is demonstrated in six different pilot cases. These cases cover the Spanish tropical tuna fisheries in Indian Ocean and the Norwegian small pelagic fisheries in the North Atlantic Ocean. The areas encompassed by these pilots have an annual capture production above 13 million tonnes.
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Nayak, Kishore. "Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?" W Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 3–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_1.
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AbstractAny discussion about the history of surgery inevitably begins with an invariable reference to Suśruta and his contributions to facial surgery, in particular. While the contributions of the sixth-century sage surgeon may somewhat be nebulous in a foggy poorly documented history, they are inevitably (and arguably) numerous but need not be elaborated here in any manner. What is lesser known and not often spoken about is that Suśruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated, “Surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances. Hence, it is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is eternal and a source of infinite piety, imports fame and opens the gates of Heaven to its votaries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps men in successfully fulfilling their missions and earning a decent competence in life.”
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Kronenberg, Florian. "Lipoprotein(a)". W Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, 201–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_504.
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AbstractLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein with a strong genetic regulation. Up to 90% of the concentrations are explained by a single gene, the LPA gene. The concentrations show a several-hundred-fold interindividual variability ranging from less than 0.1 mg/dL to more than 300 mg/dL. Lp(a) plasma concentrations above 30 mg/dL and even more above 50 mg/dL are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic valve stenosis, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and all-cause mortality. Since concentrations above 50 mg/dL are observed in roughly 20% of the Caucasian population and in an even higher frequency in African-American and Asian-Indian ethnicities, it can be assumed that Lp(a) is one of the most important genetically determined risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Carriers of genetic variants that are associated with high Lp(a) concentrations have a markedly increased risk for cardiovascular events. Studies that used these genetic variants as a genetic instrument to support a causal role for Lp(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor are called Mendelian randomization studies. The principle of this type of studies has been introduced and tested for the first time ever with Lp(a) and its genetic determinants.There are currently no approved pharmacologic therapies that specifically target Lp(a) concentrations. However, some therapies that target primarily LDL cholesterol have also an influence on Lp(a) concentrations. These are mainly PCSK9 inhibitors that lower LDL cholesterol by 60% and Lp(a) by 25–30%. Furthermore, lipoprotein apheresis lowers both, Lp(a) and LDL cholesterol, by about 60–70%. Some sophisticated study designs and statistical analyses provided support that lowering Lp(a) by these therapies also lowers cardiovascular events on top of the effect caused by lowering LDL cholesterol, although this was not the main target of the therapy. Currently, new therapies targeting RNA such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against apolipoprotein(a), the main protein of the Lp(a) particle, are under examination and lower Lp(a) concentrations up to 90%. Since these therapies specifically lower Lp(a) concentrations without influencing other lipoproteins, they will serve the last piece of the puzzle whether a decrease of Lp(a) results also in a decrease of cardiovascular events.
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Shettigar, Jagadish, i Pooja Misra. "Behavioural Nudge". W Resurgent India, 165—C3.3.P7. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866486.003.0033.
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Abstract As forecasted and anticipated by experts and economists, Q1, 2020 results showed a major contraction in the growth of the Indian economy. Looking ahead, data for economic indicators in August 2020 brought some cheer and a ray of hope for the Indian economy. Economists were deliberating in terms of the country witnessing a V- shaped recovery as the economy slowly and steadily unlocked and regulations were eased. McKinsey in July 2020 had indicated that consumer sentiments were at a low and reflective of the uncertainty created by the virus. The chapter discusses how there had been a shift to mindful shopping including some trading down of value. It delves into how the novel coronavirus had led to a behavioural change in consumers and changed consumer preferences. RBI, in its Consumer Confidence Survey report published on 6 August 2020, stated that consumer confidence had plummeted in July 2020 with the Current Situation Index (CSI) show an all-time- time low. With consumers hesitant to step out of their homes to shop, there was an absence of the demonstration effect of customers. The unprecedented situation created by the virus required organizations to go back to the drawing board and re-strategize. The chapter discusses how with the festival season coming up and keeping in mind that consumer behaviour was influenced deeply by cultural factors, brands and companies could have explored utilizing the ‘Nudge theory’ in wooing back customers.
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Kapoor, Namita, Sangeeta Jauhari i Deepti Maheshwari. "Practicing Circular Economy in India". W Handbook of Research on Developing Circular, Digital, and Green Economies in Asia, 179–96. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8678-5.ch010.
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Circularity concept is not just recycling. It is basically a system that is restorative in the industrial processes that treat waste as a resource. It implies that once a product reaches the end of life, attempts should be made to utilize them by creating a value out of it. The present study is an exploratory study that aims at exploring the lessons of circular economy, which India can share with others through the analysis of business models of companies for the three paradigms: reduce, reuse, and recycle. For understanding the take-make-dispose model to take-make-reduce model, the analysis of business model of El Rhino has been carried out. For take-make-recycle model, business model of Saahas Zero Waste and Goonj as unique business models displaying an outstanding effect of share-reuse-prolong model has been studied.
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Dwivedi, Sunita, i Bharti Wadhwa. "Effect of Mediating Factors on Customer Defection with Special Reference to Banking Industry in India". W Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 138–53. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0143-5.ch008.
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People who were practicing Marketing exercise's and Academicians thinks that “4 Ps” marketing framework – product, price, place and promotion adds less value to their interest or business where ongoing relationship is critical. In a process of finding a way to overcome these marketers has evolved a concept of Relationship Marketing which talks about understanding customer segments, delivering ongoing quality service, and achieving high customer satisfaction. Relationship marketing was about “putting the customer in the middle of the business circle,” in the words of Dick Lee, principal of St. Paul-based Hi-Yield Marketing. Customer Relationship management is the strongest and the most efficient method of maintaining and creating customers. The challenges for marketers doesn't stops here, as market matured from national to international to global, customer retention and acquisition become more crucial and challenging for them. Multiple options broaden the path for consumer to get access over many products and services, creating a high probability of defection. Now they have new challenge to face that is “Defection”. They are trying hard to understand what they are supposed to do so as to increase customer retention and decrease customer defection. This paper tries to understand the mediating effect of sources on customer defection (Objective knowledge versus Subjective Knowledge) and its important act on consumers repurchase behavior.
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Brahmachary, Avijit. "Microfinance and Gender Discrimination". W Research Anthology on Microfinance Services and Roles in Social Progress, 14–35. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7552-2.ch002.
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Gender bias retards economic growth. In India women face gender discrimination, specifically male bias, both within the household and in the workplace. It is widely assumed that microfinance will have a positive impact on women's income, employment, self-worth through self-help group. Further, it has a strong positive effect on women empowerment and thereby reduces gender discrimination prevailing in the society. In this chapter, the extent of vulnerability between male and female SHG members have examined using vulnerability index, which is constructed considering different quantitative and subjective issues. For this, the micro level data have been collected from the state of West Bengal (India). The index value in the study shows that female is 56% more vulnerable than male even after joining in SHG and, therefore, requires large policy attention and intervention from different agencies to minimize such discrimination.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Value effect- India"
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Kolmakova, Daria, Oleg Baturin i Grigorii Popov. "Effect of Manufacturing Tolerances on the Turbine Blades". W ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8253.
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The quantification of geometric and physical variables uncertainty impact on turbomachinery row workflow was conducted using several untwisted airfoil cascades of axial turbine nozzle blades with uniform section throughout the channel height. Profile loss coefficient, mass flow parameter, outlet flow angle were accepted as controlled performance criteria. The series of computational calculations were carried out for these cascades. The first group of calculations was aimed at the identification of the impact of geometric parameters uncertainty on nozzle blades parameters. The second group - at identifying the studied parameters depending on the flow parameters changes that are used as boundary conditions in the simulation. The obtained results showed that initial data uncertainty in CFD calculations has a significant impact on the obtained quantitative estimates. The difference between calculated data modified in accordance with the geometry technological tolerances and workflow parameters measurement error may exceed 5% by value of the considered criteria.
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Ananthakrishnan, K., Shyama Prasad Das i B. V. S. S. S. Prasad. "Effect of Tip Gap Variation on the Performance of the Transonic Fan Stage With Tandem Stator". W ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2648.
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Abstract The main goal of modern axial compressor development is to increase the power to weight ratio with higher efficiency. In the present investigation, highly loaded single stage axial compressor with tandem stator vanes is used. Tandem vanes help in attaining the compact compressor stage along with high pressure loading. It is designed for a stage pressure ratio of 2, mass flow rate of 9.02 kg/s operating at 30800 rpm resulting in transonic flow field. The aerodynamic performance of this compressor detoriates due to the tip leakage and secondary flows. Steady-state numerical investigation is carried out to study the flow structures near the tip region of transonic rotor and how different tip gaps influence the overall performance of the compressor. Further the effects of tip leakage flow variation on the performance of tandem vanes are also highlighted. Transonic fan stage with baseline tip gap of 0.5mm is analyzed along with different tip clearance values ranging from 0 % to 3 % of axial chord. Three-dimensional viscous Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are solved using SST k-ω turbulence model. Computational domain discretized with high quality hexahedral elements (Y+ < 2) in AUTOGRID, Numeca. The numerical procedure is verified against the experimental results of Rotor37 transonic rotor test case. Tip leakage losses contribute a substantial amount to the total loss of stage. Overall performance and the stall characteristics for the compressor stage has been evaluated for different tip gap variations.. Further, the topological properties are exploited to visualize the critical points and separation lines on rotor and tandem vanes. Increase in rotor total pressure loss coefficient is observed with increasing tip gap. In contrary, overall total pressure loss coefficient improves for smaller tip gap values and then detoriates. It is observed optimum tip gap height lies close to the 1.125mm, 2% of baseline design value.
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Farahani, A. Shahrabi, H. Beheshti Amiri, H. Khazaei, A. Madadi i A. Fathi. "The Effect of Reynolds Number on Transonic Compressor Blade Rotor Section". W ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9639.
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To achieve at a more precise designing procedure in axial-compressors as well as a higher pressure ratio value, a comprehensive understanding on the flow aerodynamics and the governing phenomena is required. Existence of these complicated phenomena e.g., simultaneous production of supersonic and subsonic flows, shock-boundary layer interaction, unique incidence phenomenon, etc, makes it difficult to analyze the flow in the transonic compressors. One of the methods which is useful in the modeling of the phenomena occur in the compressors is investigating the flow in the blade to blade passage. In this paper, employing the simultaneous solution of the full Navier-Stokes equations (using the Roe-FDS numerical method) and turbulence equations (using the K–w (SST) model) the flow has been simulated in the blade to blade passage of a transonic compressor. In the following, in order to comparison the predicted results with experimental data, required adjustments and conditions have been taken into account. After passing through the first transonic compressor stages, the flow becomes remarkably compressed. In such conditions, the Reynolds number considerably changes compared to the inflow Reynolds number. In the present work, it is intended to numerically investigate the effects of the inflow Reynolds number on the unique incidence, flow losses, deviation angle, and also shock position changes, in three different important states of “Minimum loss” and “Choked flow” in started conditions and “Stall operation” in unstarted conditions.
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Batabyal, Pritam, Dilipkumar B. Alone i S. K. Maharana. "Numerical Studies on Effect of Stepped Tip Clearance Height on the Performance of Single Stage Transonic Axial Flow Compressor". W ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3722.
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This paper presents a numerical case study of various stepped tip clearances and their effect on the performance of a single stage transonic axial flow compressor, using commercially available software ANSYS FLUENT 14.0. A steady state, implicit, three dimensional, pressure based flow solver with SST k-Ω turbulence model has been selected for the numerical study. The stepped tip clearances have been compared with the baseline model of zero tip clearance at 70% and 100 % design speed. It has been observed that the compressor peak stage efficiency and maximum stage pressure ratio decreases as the tip clearances in the rear part are increased. The stall margin also increases with increase in tip clearance compared to the baseline model. An ‘optimum’ value of stepped tip clearance has been obtained giving peak stage compressor performance. The CFD results have been validated with the earlier published experimental data on the same compressor at 70% design speed.
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Borate, Hanumant P., i Nitin D. Misal. "An Effect of Spacing and Surface Finish on the Performance of Bladeless Turbine". W ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9623.
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The Bladeless Turbine is a remarkable machine in terms of simplicity, robustness, efficiency, and applicability but little as known, even among today’s engineers, about how it works and how well it performs alongside conventional turbines. This paper presents effect of disc spacing and disc surface roughness on the performance of bladeless turbine. In this investigation, instead of blades, closely packed parallel discs are used. Resistance to fluid flow between the plates results in energy transfer to the shaft. High velocity water enters the disc pack through inlet nozzle path tangent to the outer edge of the discs. Convergent nozzle imparts high velocity water jet tangentially on disc thickness. Lower-energy water spirals toward the central exit port, adhesion, drag and impulse forces continue to convert kinetic energy to shaft rotational power. However, The Bladeless Turbine and a flexible test rig have been designed and manufactured, and experimental results are presented. An analysis of the performance and efficiency of the disc turbine is carried out. The design philosophy of the flexible test rig has been explained. Various complementary methods of measurement have been implemented and compared, and several operational experiences have been noted Experimental results for a 152mm diameter and 2mm thick discs of turbine are presented, which shows the variation of torque, output power, and efficiency as a function of angular speed. Measurements of static pressure are also taken at the inlet, Many design considerations and operational experiences are discussed. The effect of each parameter on the torque and power has been analyzed. It has been found that the spacing and surface finish has a significant effect on the power of the turbine. The maximum power obtained in this investigation was 33watts for 6discs and 0.5 mm spacing between discs with rough surface ( spiral Groove). The torque and power increases with decrease in spacing upto 0.5mm and increase in surface roughness value (Ra) 500 microns. From this investigation, it is clear that the developed bladeless turbine is working efficiently at 0.5mm spacing and 500 microns roughness disc surface.
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Paul, Diplina, i Abhisek Banerjee. "Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization Technique for Savonius-Style Wind Turbine". W ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-76041.
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Abstract In this article, authors have studied genetic algorithm-based optimization technique to optimize rotor profile for elliptic shaped Savonius-style wind turbine with an aim to maximize the coefficient of performance. Genetic algorithm has been used to optimize design variables having distinct values and discontinuous and nondifferentiable objective functions. Optimization procedure using genetic algorithm uses the following steps: initialization, assessment, assortment, crossover and lastly alteration. Once the genetic algorithm is initialized, then the evaluation process trails, where each parametric value is evaluated based on the fitness function stated as objective function. Then the GA operators i.e assortment, cross over and alteration are applied. At the end of GA operation procedure, a new set of values of design parameter is generated. This procedure is endlessly iterated until the convergence criteria is met. Then the optimized and non-optimized profiles are studied using numerical simulation. Initially a two-dimensional numerical model is developed and validated against experimental results. The two-dimensional analysis is conducted using k-ω shear stress transport model. Unsteady Reynold’s Averaged Navier Stoke’s equations have been solved to simulate the flow field of a Savonius-style rotor. This analysis has been executed using finite volume approach in Fluent 17.2 version. Grid independence study is performed to curtail the effect of grid size on the flow field portrayals. The optimization technique implemented on the Savonius-style wind turbine, generated design parameters that were able to yield a coefficient of performance value of 0.398. The coefficient of torque and coefficient of performance values are studied for both optimized and non-optimized profile as a function of tip speed ratio. Numerical simulation predicted a maximum gain of 41% for coefficient of performance at TSR = 1.0 over for optimized profile over the non-optimized profile.
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Roy, Sukanta, Ranjan Das i Ujjwal K. Saha. "Identification of Geographical Locations to Operate Savonius Wind Turbine Rotor for Meeting a Desired Performance". W ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4566.
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In this paper, feasible geographical locations in India have been identified to meet a desired performance criterion from a Savonius wind turbine rotor involving semicircular blades. The identification is based upon the average wind speed prevailing at the relevant location. For a given turbine geometry, in order to simultaneously satisfy the required power and torque characteristics over a particular range of tip speed ratio, an inverse problem is solved with the aid of golden section search method (GSSM)-based optimization algorithm to predict the required local wind speed. For this, the minimization of the sum of least square errors between the target power and torque coefficients is done with respect to some initially-guessed power and torque values. Thereafter, based on the estimated wind speed, the reconstructed power and torque characteristic curves are validated with the experimental wind tunnel data. The necessary blockage corrections have been considered during the inverse analysis for which pertinent correlations reported in the available literature are used. The variations of the estimated parameter and the pertinent objective function are studied at different iterations of the GSSM. The effect of the initial guess on the estimated value of wind velocity is also reported and it is found that a unique solution occurs for a particular set of power and torque characteristics. The present work avoids the conventional hit and trial method based nonlinear analysis along with repetitive field tests which are otherwise needed to simultaneously generate a given power and torque performance from the Savonius wind turbine. The proposed inverse method thus can be extremely useful to determine the feasible Indian geographical locations directly from any required torque and power data.
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Bhatia, Ribhu, Sambit Supriya Dash i Vinayak Malhotra. "Enclosure Phenomenon in Varying Forced Flow Convection". W ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2656.
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Abstract Systematic experimentation was carried out on forced convection heat transfer apparatus under varying non-linear flow conditions to understand the energy transfer as heat, with the purpose of enhancing performance of numerous engineering applications. Plate orientations, types of enclosures (solid, meshed, perforated), flow velocity variations etc. are taken as governing parameters to effect convective heat transfer phenomenon which is perceived as deviations in value of heat transfer coefficient. RV zonal system is utilized to simplify the fundamental understanding of heat transfer coefficient variation with surface orientation under varying flow field. The objectives of this work are as follows: 1) To establish relative effectiveness of forced convective heat transfer under varying flow field. 2) To investigate the implications of varying shapes and sizes of perforations on confined forced convective heat transfer. To understand the controlling mechanism and role of key controlling parameters.
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Kumar, Saurabh, Haraprasad Roy i Anirban Mitra. "Large Amplitude Free Vibration Analysis of Axially Functionally Graded Plates". W ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8267.
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Large amplitude free vibration problem of axially functionally graded plates under the action of uniformly distributed load is analyzed using energy method. A variational approach has been applied for the generation of governing differential equations. A two part solution procedure has been adopted, where the static solution is sought in the first part and the dynamic problem is taken up subsequently as a standard Eigen-value problem. The governing differential equations for the static analysis are derived from the principle of minimum total potential energy whereas Hamilton’s principle is used for developing the governing equations for the dynamic analysis. Start functions for the analysis are chosen by satisfying the flexural and membrane boundary conditions and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure is used for developing the higher order functions. The dynamic behavior is presented as backbone curves in non-dimensional frequency amplitude plane. Mode shape plots for linear and non-linear frequencies are given to show the effect of vibration amplitude on dynamic behavior. The results are compared with the works of other researchers which confirms the accuracy of the present research work.
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Krishna, C. Vamsi, i Santosh Hemchandra. "Reduced Order Modelling of Combustion Instability in a Backward Facing Step Combustor". W ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3559.
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This paper develops a fully coupled time domain Reduced Order Modelling (ROM) approach to model unsteady combustion dynamics in a backward facing step combustor. The acoustic field equations are projected onto the canonical acoustic eigenmodes of the systems to obtain a coupled system of modal evolution equations. The heat release response of the flame is modelled using the G-equation approach. Vortical velocity fluctuations that arise due to shear layer rollup downstream of the step are modelled using a simplified 1D-advection equation whose phase speed is determined from a linear, local, temporal stability analysis of the shear layer, just downstream of the step. The hydrodynamic stability analysis reveals a abrupt change in the value of disturbance phase speed from unity for Re < Recrit to 0.5 for Re > Recrit, where Recrit for the present geometry was found to be ≈ 10425. The results for self-excited flame response show highly wrinkled flame shapes that are qualitatively similar to those seen in prior experiments of acoustically forced flames. The effect of constructive and destructive interference between the two contributions to flame surface wrinkling results in high amplitude wrinkles for the case when Kc → 1.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Value effect- India"
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Datta, Sandip, i Geeta Kingdon. Class Size and Learning: Has India Spent Too Much on Reducing Class Size? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/059.
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This paper examines the efficacy of class-size reductions as a strategy to improve pupils’ learning outcomes in India. It uses a credible identification strategy to address the endogeneity of class-size, by relating the difference in a student’s achievement score across subjects to the difference in his/her class size across subjects. Pupil fixed effects estimation shows a relationship between class size and student achievement which is roughly flat or non-decreasing for a large range of class sizes from 27 to 51, with a negative effect on learning outcomes occurring only after class size increases beyond 51 pupils. The class-size effect varies by gender and by subject-stream. The fact that up to a class-size of roughly 40 in science subjects and roughly 50 in non-science subjects, there is no reduction in pupil learning as class size increases, implies that there is no learning gain from reducing class size below 40 in science and below 50 in non-science. This has important policy implications for pupil teacher ratios (PTRs) and thus for teacher appointments in India, based on considerations of cost-effectiveness. When generalised, our findings suggest that India experienced a value-subtraction from spending on reducing class-sizes, and that the US$3.6 billion it spent in 2017-18 on the salaries of 0.4 million new teachers appointed between 2010 and 2017 was wasteful spending rather than an investment in improving learning. We show that India could save US$ 19.4 billion (Rupees 1,45,000 crore in Indian currency) per annum by increasing PTR from its current 22.8 to 40, without any reduction in pupil learning.