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Okanlawon, A. A., S. A. Ameen, R. A. Kadir, H. M. Ambali, Y. A. Baba, O. M. Azeez i A. A. Owoade. "In vitro assessment of the potency of some Newcastle disease vaccine brands in Ibadan, Nigeria". African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 21, nr 4 (25.08.2020): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.9.
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Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a very common and economically important disease of poultry. There is no drug for treatment of the disease during an outbreak in poultry flocks, and prevention by vaccination is one of the recommended control measures. However, post vaccination outbreaks have been observed on many occasions in chicken flocks and one of the causes has been attributed to possible failure of vaccine to confer immunity. This study was designed to evaluate the potency of ND vaccines available in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methodology: Haemagglutination (HA) technique and elution phenomenon were employed to evaluate the potency of ND vaccines randomly selected in Ibadan. A total of 45 vaccines comprising 9 brands and 5 different strains were selected for potency test. The vaccine brands included ‘Vireo 116’ (n=10), ‘ABIC’ (n=5), ‘Biovac’(n=9), ‘Nobilis’(n=3), ‘NVRI’(n=12), ‘R2B’ (n=2), ‘BAL-ND’ (n=2), ‘Forte dodge’(n=1) and ‘Jovac’ (n=1), while the vaccine strains in the brands included Lasota, B1, Clone, Komarov, Hitcher, and an unknown strain.
Results: Thirty-five of the 45 (77.8%) ND vaccines tested had more than 4 HA titer (>64) and were therefore regarded as potent. All the 15 (100%) ND Lasota vaccine strain, 7 out of 10 (70%) ND Komarov strain, 4 out of 5 (80%) ND clone and 5 out of 8 (62.5%) ND B1 strains were potent. None of the ND brand ‘R2B’ vaccine as well as Hitchner strain from ‘Nobilis’ brand was potent, but all 5, 2, 1 and 1 vaccines tested from brands ‘ABIC’, ‘BAL-ND’, ‘Fort dodge’ and ‘Jovac’ respectively were potent. Similarly, 9 of 10, 6 of 9, 2 of 3 and 9 of 12 vaccine strains tested from brands ‘Vireo 116’, ‘Biovac’, ‘Nobilis’ and ‘NVRI’ were respectively potent
Conclusion: The occurrence of ND vaccines that are not potent in this study may be contributing to post vaccination failure. It is advisable to subject vaccines to potency test before use.
Key words: in vitro, assessment, potency, Newcastle disease, vaccine brands, vaccine strains
French Title; Évaluation in vitro de la puissance de certaines marques de vaccins contre la maladie de Newcastle à Ibadan, Nigéria
Contexte: La maladie de Newcastle (ND) est une maladie très courante et économiquement importante des volailles. Il n'existe aucun médicament pour le traitement de la maladie lors d'une épidémie dans des troupeaux de volailles, et la prévention par vaccination est l'une des mesures de contrôle recommandées. Cependant, des flambées post-vaccination ont été observées à de nombreuses reprises dans des troupeaux de poulets et l'une des causes a été attribuée à un éventuel échec du vaccin à conférer l'immunité. Cette étude a été conçue pour évaluer la puissance des vaccins contre la MN disponibles à Ibadan, au Nigéria.
Méthodologie: La technique d'hémagglutination (HA) et le phénomène d'élution ont été utilisés pour évaluer la puissance des vaccins contre la MN sélectionnés au hasard à Ibadan. Un total de 45 vaccins comprenant 9 marques et 5 souches différentes ont été sélectionnés pour le test d'activité. Les marques de vaccins comprenaient 'Vireo 116' (n=10), 'ABIC' (n=5), 'Biovac' (n=9), 'Nobilis' (n=3), 'NVRI' (n=12), 'R2B' (n=2), 'BAL-ND' (n=2), 'Forte dodge' (n=1) et 'Jovac' (n=1), tandis que les souches vaccinales des marques comprenaient Lasota, B1, Clone, Komarov, Hitcher et une souche inconnue.
Résultats: Trente-cinq des 45 vaccins contre la MN testés (77,8%) avaient plus de 4 titres en HA (>64) et étaient donc considérés comme puissants. Toutes les 15 (100%) souches de vaccin ND Lasota, 7 souches sur 10 (70%) ND Komarov, 4 sur 5 (80%) clones ND et 5 sur 8 (62,5%) souches ND B1 étaient puissantes. Aucun des vaccins ’R2B’ de marque ND ni la souche Hitchner de la marque ’Nobilis’ n'étaient puissants, mais tous les vaccins 5, 2, 1 et 1 testés des marques ‘ABIC’, ‘BAL-ND’, ‘Fort dodge’ et ‘Jovac’ respectivement était puissant. De même, 9 des 10, 6 des 9, 2 des 3 et 9 des 12 souches vaccinales testées des marques ’Vireo 116’, ‘Biovac’, ‘Nobilis’ et ‘NVRI’ étaient respectivement puissantes
Conclusion: La présence de vaccins contre la MN qui ne sont pas puissants dans cette étude peut contribuer à l'échec post-vaccinal. Il est conseillé de soumettre les vaccins à un test de puissance avant utilisation.
Mots-clés: in vitro, évaluation, puissance, maladie de Newcastle, marques de vaccin, souches vaccinales
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Getova-Kolarova, Violeta, Albena Zlatareva i Ivo Kumanov. "Exploring the nexus of trust, information sources, and vaccination intent: a study of HPV awareness and general practitioner influence". Pharmacia 71 (7.06.2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122666.
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This study delves into the intricate interplay between trust in personal doctors (GPs), sources of information about recommended vaccines, and the willingness to vaccinate against human papillomavirus (HPV) and other recommended vaccines. The analysis revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation between HPV awareness and the willingness to vaccinate. Notably, awareness concerning HPV is high, with 35.6% of all respondents expressing readiness to receive the HPV vaccine. The study identified the personal doctor as the predominant source of vaccine-related information. The identified correlations underscore the influence of medical professionals in guiding vaccine uptake choices and the necessity for targeted communication strategies aimed at enhancing vaccine acceptance.
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Elizondo-Alzola, Usue, Mireia G. Carrasco, Laia Pinós, Camila Andrea Picchio, Cristina Rius i Elia Diez. "Vaccine hesitancy among paediatric nurses: Prevalence and associated factors". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (19.05.2021): e0251735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251735.
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Objective This study describes the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy associated with the Catalan systematic childhood vaccination calendar and some related psychosocial determinants among paediatric primary care nurses in Barcelona (Spain). Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. In 2017 we invited the paediatric nurses (N = 165) working in Barcelona public primary health centres with paediatric departments (N = 41) to participate. They answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic and behavioural variables: severity and perceived probability of contracting the diseases of the vaccines in the vaccination schedule; safety and protection offered by each vaccine; and beliefs, social norms, and knowledge about vaccines. Outcome variable was vaccine hesitancy, dichotomized into not hesitant (nurses who would vaccinate their own offspring), and hesitant (including those who would not vaccinate them, those who had doubts and those who would delay the administration of one or more vaccines). We performed bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression models. Results 83% of paediatric nurses (N = 137) agreed to participate. 67.9% had the intention to vaccinate their children of all the vaccines in the systematic schedule. 32.1% of nurses experienced vaccine hesitancy, especially about the HPV (21.9%) and varicella (17.5%) vaccines. The multivariate analysis suggests associations between hesitancy and low perception of the severity of whooping cough (aOR: 3.88; 95%CI:1.32–11.4), low perception of safety of the HPV vaccine (aOR:8.5;95%CI:1.24–57.8), the belief that vaccines are administered too early (aOR:6.09;95%CI:1.98–18.8), and not having children (aOR:4.05;95%CI:1.22–13.3). Conclusions Although most paediatric nurses had the intention to vaccinate their own children, almost one-third reported some kind of vaccine hesitancy, mainly related to doubts about HPV and varicella vaccines, as well as some misconceptions. These factors should be addressed to enhance nurses’ fundamental role in promoting vaccination to families.
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Zakhour, Ramia, Hani Tamim, Farah Faytrouni, Maha Makki, Rayan Hojeij i Lama Charafeddine. "Determinants of human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy among Lebanese parents". PLOS ONE 18, nr 12 (13.12.2023): e0295644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295644.
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Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is responsible for cancer of cervix uteri. Despite its safety and immunogenicity, HPV vaccine hesitancy is one of the most challenging topics that pediatricians face. Methods We aimed to describe the impact of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards vaccines in general, on practice related to HPV vaccination in Lebanon. A questionnaire addressed to parents of students (3–18 years of age) was distributed in 2 public and 2 private schools randomly selected from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017–2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude, and practices of vaccination in general and HPV vaccine in particular. Results Out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 306 (76.5%) were returned. Of the 185 parents aware of HPV vaccine, 60% hadn’t given or were not planning to give the HPV vaccine to their children. Of parents not in favor of HPV vaccine, 7.5 thought that vaccines aren’t necessary versus none among those in favor of HPV vaccine(p = 0.02). Thirteen percent of those not in favor of HPV vaccine thought that vaccines are not safe versus 2.7% in the group in favor (p = 0.02). An effect of gender on vaccine acceptance was noted: mothers vs fathers and daughters vs sons. Lack of recommendation by pediatricians and the thought that too little is known about the vaccine were the most selected reasons for parents not wanting to vaccinate their children against HPV, whereas cost and religious and cultural beliefs seemed to have no impact. Conclusion Most parents in our study did not vaccinate or weren’t willing to vaccinate their children against HPV even when they were in favor of vaccines in general. Physician recommendation was shown to be one of the most important predictors of vaccination. Effort should be put into educating parents about the importance of the vaccine and its well-established safety and efficacy regardless of gender. Lebanese physicians should also be educated and empowered to recommend HPV vaccine more strongly and consistently.
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Silva Santos, Letícia, i Leonardo Sokolnik de Oliveira. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic over the perception of the population about vaccines". Brazilian Journal of Global Health 1, nr 2 (27.02.2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56242/globalhealth;2021;1;2;24-27.
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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the opinion of the population about vaccines and if there was a decrease in the vaccine coverage during the pandemic. METHODS: A self-applied questionnaire was used with the internet with questions about de impact of the pandemic about the perception and adhesion of the population to the vaccine campaigns and about the probability to vaccinate to COVID-19 once there is an approved and available vaccine and de majority believe the vaccines should be mandatory. RESULTS: We reached 475 answers to the questionnaire that showed an increase of the importance that the population gives to vaccines in general after the pandemic, a decrease of the vaccine coverage during the pandemic and high probability that the population get vaccinated against COVID-19 once there is an available vaccine and most of the population consider that the vaccine should be mandatory, however a decreased vaccination coverage was detected during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The results show a tendency of appreciation of the vaccines and a tendency of the population to get vaccinated as soon as there is an approved one, especially those that had or are having an education in the healthcare area, showing how the education in health contribute to the adhesion of the population to the vaccines, however the decrease in vaccine coverage is worrying. Also, it is possible to conclude that the population intend to vaccinate against COVID-19 as soon there is an approved vaccine in the country.
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Mukherjee, Sanjana, Kanika Kalra i Alexandra L. Phelan. "Expanding global vaccine manufacturing capacity: Strategic prioritization in small countries". PLOS Global Public Health 3, nr 6 (29.06.2023): e0002098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002098.
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The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant gaps in equitable access to essential medical countermeasures such as vaccines. Manufacturing capacity for pandemic vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics is concentrated in too few countries. One of the major hurdles to equitable vaccine distribution was “vaccine nationalism”, countries hoarded vaccines to vaccinate their own populations first which significantly reduced global vaccine supply, leaving significant parts of the world vulnerable to the virus. As part of equitably building global capacity, one proposal to potentially counter vaccine nationalism is to identify small population countries with vaccine manufacturing capacity, as these countries could fulfill their domestic obligations quickly, and then contribute to global vaccine supplies. This cross-sectional study is the first to assesses global vaccine manufacturing capacity and identifies countries with small populations, in each WHO region, with the capacity and capability to manufacture vaccines using various manufacturing platforms. Twelve countries were identified to have both small populations and vaccine manufacturing capacity. 75% of these countries were in the European region; none were identified in the African Region and South-East Asia Region. Six countries have facilities producing subunit vaccines, a platform where existing facilities can be repurposed for COVID-19 vaccine production, while three countries have facilities to produce COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Although this study identified candidate countries to serve as key vaccine manufacturing hubs for future health emergencies, regional representation is severely limited. Current negotiations to draft a Pandemic Treaty present a unique opportunity to address vaccine nationalism by building regional capacities in small population countries for vaccine research, development, and manufacturing.
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Titanji, Vincent P. K. "New approaches to vaccines for endemic and pandemic diseases of Africa with particular focus on building local competencies in Cameroon". Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 17, nr 1 (2.11.2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.6.
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Vaccines have been recognized as major and effective tools for the control and eventual elimination of infectious diseases and cancer. This brief review examines vaccine classification and development pipeline as well as recent innovations driving the vaccine development process. Using COVID-19 as an example recent innovation in vaccine development are highlighted. The review ends with a call for intensified efforts to build vaccine production capacity in Cameroon and other other African countries.
Les vaccins ont été reconnus comme des outils majeurs et efficaces pour le contrôle et l’élimination éventuelle des maladies infectieuses et du cancer. Cette brève revue examine la classification et le pipeline de développement de vaccins ainsi que les innovations récentes à l’origine du processus de développement de vaccins. En utilisant COVID-19 comme exemple, les innovations récentes dans le développement de vaccins sont mises en évidence. La revue se termine par un appel à intensifier les efforts pour renforcer les capacités de production de vaccins au Cameroun et dans d’autres pays africains.
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&NA;. "Anthrax vaccine/smallpox vaccine/other vaccines". Reactions Weekly &NA;, nr 1208 (czerwiec 2008): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812080-00018.
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Marvila Garcia, Érica, Evelyn Lima de Souza, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da Silva, Eliseu Alves Waldman i Ana Paula Sayuri Sato. "Associated factors with vaccine hesitancy in mothers of children up to two years old in a Brazilian city". PLOS Global Public Health 3, nr 6 (8.06.2023): e0002026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002026.
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This study aims to evaluate maternal vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study of a probabilistic sample of 450 mothers of children born in 2015, living in a Brazilian city, and who was, at the time of data collection, more than two years old. We used the tool proposed by the World Health Organization (10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale). To assess its structure, we performed, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We performed linear regression models to evaluate the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. The factor analysis showed two components for the vaccine hesitancy scale: lack of confidence in vaccines and risk perception of vaccines. High family income was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy (greater confidence in vaccines and lower risk perception of vaccines), while the presence of other children, regardless of birth order, in the family was associated with lower confidence in vaccines. A good rapport with health professionals, willingness to wait for the vaccination and the getting vaccinated through campaigns were associated with greater confidence in vaccines. The deliberate delay or decision not to vaccinate their children and previous experience with adverse reactions to the vaccine were associated with lower confidence in vaccines and greater risk perception of vaccines. Health care providers, especially nurses, play a relevant role to address vaccine hesitancy, guiding vaccination through a trustworthy rapport.
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Casiño, Jenny J., i Angelo Mark P. Walag. "Issues and Challenges of, Factors that Affect, and the Primary Influences of Parents’ Decisions to Vaccinate their Adolescents: A Case of a Local National High School in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines". Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 14, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29752.
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Vaccines are considered to be the center of the prevention and management of viral diseases. Even with the wide acceptance that vaccines are safe, vaccine hesitancy is still rampant in various parts of the world. Several historical, social, religious, and moral factors were identified and observed to have influence parent’s vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Parent’s vaccine hesitance or acceptance is crucial since adolescents constitute the ideal group for immunization. This study aims to uncover the issues and challenges of parents on vaccination, the factors that affect their decision to vaccinate their children, and parents' primary influences to vaccinate their children. A descriptive-survey research design utilizing a questionnaire floated to parents of adolescents in a local high school. It was found out that the level of education and type of occupation was significantly associated with parent's decision to vaccinate their children. The major issue and challenge of parents toward vaccination is that they don't find vaccines important and have a high level of distrust towards the government's health agency and medical professionals. The primary factor affecting their decision-making is the negative news on vaccination and vaccine safety. Respondents also reported that even they distrust the government's health agency, they still consider it influential towards their vaccine decision-making. With this, it is recommended that efforts be strengthened in restoring the public's trust towards the government health agency to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Gokdemir, Ozden, Selda Yorok, Bennur Koca i Ayla Acikgoz. "Vaccine hesitancy among university students of healthcare". Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 11, nr 4 (2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2022.08.179.
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The World Health Organization defines vaccine hesitancy as "the refusal or delay in accepting vaccines despite the availability of immunization services." When a person rejects all vaccines, it is referred to as vaccine rejection. Vaccine hesitancy stems from a lack of trust in the vaccine and apprehension about side effects, as well as a lack of knowledge about vaccines and sociocultural factors. The research aims to determine the COVID-19 vaccine indecision and attitudes of students studying in the field of health. This study is a cross-sectional research project. Vaccine rejection is among the independent variables included in the logistic regression model developed to determine the factors influencing trust in the content of the COVID-19 vaccine. When compared to medical school students, vaccine rejections were found to be 3.05 times greater for vocational school students and 2.47 times for midwifery-nursing students. The majority of the participants had been vaccinated at the time of the study, but only 9.5% of them stated that they trusted the vaccine's active ingredient. In conclusion, even though the majority of students reported that they did not trust vaccine indigents, the decision to become fully vaccinated during the school year had a positive effect on the overall health situation.
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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, i Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children". Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, nr 8 (296) (30.08.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/2021.2.15.
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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences.
Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences.
Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar.
Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money.
Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.
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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, i Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children". Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, nr 8 (296) (30.08.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/slauga.2021.2.15.
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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences.
Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences.
Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar.
Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money.
Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.
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McAbee, Lauren, Oscar Tapera i Mufaro Kanyangarara. "Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions in Eastern Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study". Vaccines 9, nr 10 (29.09.2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101109.
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Vaccines are one of the most effective public health strategies to protect against infectious diseases, yet vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a global health threat. Understanding COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes and their association with vaccine intentions can help the targeting of strategies to increase vaccination uptake and achieve herd immunity. The goal of this study was to assess COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions among heads of households in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2021 among 551 randomly selected households. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding COVID-19 and the vaccines. More than half (55.7%) of the respondents reported intending to vaccinate themselves or their households. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the likelihood of vaccine intentions was most strongly associated with confidence in vaccine safety. Additionally, the odds of intending to get vaccinated were significantly higher among heads of households who were male, had a higher level of education, and identified vaccination and face mask usage as prevention measures. Among perceived motivators to vaccinate, recommendations from the World Health Organization and availability of the vaccine free of charge increased the likelihood of vaccine intentions, while country of vaccine manufacturer posed a barrier to vaccine intentions. As the vaccine rollout in Zimbabwe continues, efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage and achieve herd immunity should target females and less educated populations and be tailored to address concerns about vaccine safety and country of manufacturer.
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Kärki, Kaisa. "Listening to vaccine refusers". Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25, nr 1 (30.10.2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11019-021-10055-y.
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AbstractIn bioethics vaccine refusal is often discussed as an instance of free riding on the herd immunity of an infectious disease. However, the social science of vaccine refusal suggests that the reasoning behind refusal to vaccinate more often stems from previous negative experiences in healthcare practice as well as deeply felt distrust of healthcare institutions. Moreover, vaccine refusal often acts like an exit mechanism. Whilst free riding is often met with sanctions, exit, according to Albert Hirschman’s theory of exit and voice is most efficiently met by addressing concerns and increasing the quality and number of feedback channels. If the legitimate grievances responsible for vaccine refusal are not heard or addressed by healthcare policy, further polarization of attitudes to vaccines is likely to ensue. Thus, there is a need in the bioethics of vaccine refusal to understand the diverse ethical questions of this inflammable issue in addition to those of individual responsibility to vaccinate.
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Shacham, Maayan, Yaira Hamama-Raz, Menachem Ben-Ezra i Yafit Levin. "Association between COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccines to Vaccine Hesitancy, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Health". Vaccines 11, nr 2 (9.02.2023): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020403.
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Vaccine hesitancy is a universal problem that is becoming more prevalent, ranging from partial acceptance to the complete refusal of various vaccines. The current study seeks to assess the relationship between vaccine hesitancy, intolerance of uncertainty, and mental health factors and those who were vaccinated against COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in comparison to those who did not vaccinate against both or decided to be vaccinated with only one of these vaccines. Employing a cross-sectional design, 1068 Israeli participants were recruited via social media (mainly Facebook) and Whatsapp and completed questionnaires assessing vaccine hesitancy, intolerance of uncertainty, and mental health factors. Our results revealed that previous history of neither COVID-19 nor seasonal influenza vaccination was associated with increased vaccine hesitancy. In addition, individuals who received either one vaccine or both claimed elevated levels of intolerance of uncertainty and reported elevated levels of mental health symptoms. Therefore, an association between vaccine hesitancy and intolerance of uncertainty and mental health symptoms is demonstrated. Future campaigns against vaccine hesitancy may focus on the intolerance of uncertainty in vaccine-hesitant individuals.
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Almansour, Ahd, Sarah M. Hussein, Shatha G. Felemban i Adib W. Mahamid. "Acceptance and hesitancy of parents to vaccinate children against coronavirus disease 2019 in Saudi Arabia". PLOS ONE 17, nr 10 (18.10.2022): e0276183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276183.
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Background Vaccination of masses against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical to overcome the pandemic and restore normalcy. However, vaccine refusal and hesitancy prevail in many countries. COVID-19 has rapidly spread in Saudi Arabia since 2020. The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines has been investigated in adults aged >18 years in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to understand the acceptance and hesitancy of parents to vaccinate children aged <12 years against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and identify strategies that can encourage their engagement. Methods We used an online cross-sectional survey distributed to parents who lived in all regions of Saudi Arabia to investigate parents’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine for their children aged <12 years. Five hundred parents living in Saudi Arabia completed the survey. Results The survey indicated that mothers were more enthusiastic about participating in the study than fathers. The participant aged 37.31 ± 8.52 years. A total of 38.6% of participants refused to vaccinate their children. Additionally, 56% were unsure if the vaccine would cause serious side effects in children. A total of 48.8% of parents believed that the Pfizer vaccine was suitable for children, while 64.5% failed to decide whether to administer vaccines to their children. Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy remains a major problem worldwide. A lack of scientific evidence on vaccine efficacy, low education level, and reduced level of health education and promotion are the most common factors in parents in Saudi Arabia. However, some participants agreed to receive vaccines only to protect their family members, and due to governmental rules and school mandates. Therefore, vaccine efficacy and safety in children must be clearly communicated to the public. This information would aid in reducing the hesitancy of parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.
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Pálinkás, Anita, i János Sándor. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing All-Cause Mortality among Adults during the Third Wave of the Epidemic in Hungary: Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study". Vaccines 10, nr 7 (24.06.2022): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071009.
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Our investigation aimed to describe the all-cause mortality rates by COVID-19 vaccination groups in Hungary for an epidemic period (1 April 2021–20 June 2021) and a nonepidemic period (21 June 2021–15 August 2021), and to determine the vaccines’ effectiveness in preventing all-cause mortality utilizing nonepidemic effectiveness measures to adjust for the healthy vaccinee effect (HVE). Sociodemographic status, comorbidity, primary care structural characteristics, and HVE-adjusted survival difference between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts in the epidemic period had been computed by Cox regression models, separately for each vaccine (six vaccines were available in Hungary). Hazard ratio (HR) reduction in epidemic period corrected with nonepidemic period’s HR with 95% confidence interval for each vaccine was used to describe the vaccine effectiveness (VE). The whole adult population (N = 6,404,702) of the country was followed in this study (4,026,849 fully vaccinated). Each vaccine could reduce the HVE-corrected all-cause mortality in the epidemic period (VEOxford/AstraZeneca = 0.592 [0.518–0.655], VEJanssen = 0.754 [0.628–0.838], VEModerna = 0.573 [0.526–0.615], VEPfizer-BioNTech = 0.487 [0.461–0.513], VESinopharm = 0.530 [0.496–0.561], and VESputnik V = 0.557 [0.493–0.614]). The HVE-corrected general mortality for COVID-19 vaccine cohorts demonstrated the real-life effectiveness of vaccines applied in Hungary, and the usefulness of this indicator to convince vaccine hesitants.
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Crum, Tommie, Kirsten Mooney i Birendra R. Tiwari. "Current situation of vaccine injury compensation program and a future perspective in light of COVID-19 and emerging viral diseases". F1000Research 10 (7.12.2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51160.2.
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Background: Vaccines have had a great impact on disease prevention and reducing mortality. Very rarely, vaccines also can result in serious adverse effects. In consideration of this fact, vaccine injury compensation programs have been implemented in many countries to compensate a vaccinee for associated adverse effects. The existing vaccine injury compensation system addresses routine immunization schemes. However, there are rising concerns about the compensation for adverse effects caused by new vaccines such as those developed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review focuses on vaccine injury compensation programs and highlights the necessity to include all upcoming new vaccines for COVID-19 and other emerging viral diseases in the compensation schemes. Methods: Published articles relating to vaccine compensation injury programs, vaccines, injuries, disabilities, illnesses, and deaths resulting from vaccination were searched in data bases. Through a careful review of the abstracts, 25 relevant articles were selected for analysis. Results: We identified 27 countries on four continents with vaccine injury compensation schemes: 17 countries in Europe, 7 countries in Asia, the United States, a Canadian Province and New Zealand. No programs were identified in Africa and in South America. Program design, funding, and eligibility for compensation vary vastly between countries. We identified 17 countries operating well-established vaccine injury compensation programs. However, minimal information is available on numerous other countries. Conclusion: We conclude that the vaccine injury compensation programs are available in limited number of countries across four continents - mostly in Europe. Lack of standard approach and scope of injury prevention and compensation programs across the countries exists. Some important limitations include limited scientific material, which hindered our research. Therefore, additional data concerning payout for each type of injury and the number of claimants related to a specific vaccine injury worldwide could provide a more comprehensive analysis.
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Crum, Tommie, Kirsten Mooney i Birendra R. Tiwari. "Current situation of vaccine injury compensation program and a future perspective in light of COVID-19 and emerging viral diseases". F1000Research 10 (26.07.2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51160.1.
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Background: Vaccines have had a great impact on disease prevention and mortality reduction. Very rarely, vaccines also can result in serious adverse effects. In consideration of this fact, vaccine injury compensation programs have been implemented in many countries to compensate a vaccinee for associated adverse effects. The existing vaccine injury compensation system addresses routine immunization schemes. However, there are rising concerns about the compensation for adverse effects caused by new vaccines such as those developed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this article is to review the existing vaccine injury compensation programs in different countries. The review also highlights the necessity to include all upcoming new vaccines for COVID-19 and other emerging viral diseases in the compensation schemes. Methods: Published articles relating to vaccine compensation injury programs, vaccines, injuries, disabilities, illnesses, and deaths resulting from vaccination were searched in data bases. Through a careful review of the abstracts, 25 relevant articles were selected for analysis. Results: We identified 27 countries on four continents with vaccine injury compensation schemes: 17 countries in Europe, 7 countries in Asia, the United States, a Canadian Province and New Zealand. No programs were identified in Africa and in South America. Program design, funding, and eligibility for compensation vary vastly between countries. We identified 17 countries operating well-established vaccine injury compensation programs. However, minimal information is available on numerous other countries. Conclusion: We have identified 27 countries operating vaccine injury compensation programs. In Canada, Quebec is the only province with a scheme; however, discussions are ongoing in Canada for nationwide implementation in light of COVID 19. Study limitations include limited scientific material, which hindered our research. Additional data concerning payout for each type of injury and the number of claimants related to a specific vaccine injury worldwide could provide a more comprehensive analysis.
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Whelan, Allison M. "Lowering the Age of Consent: Pushing Back against the Anti-Vaccine Movement". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, nr 3 (2016): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516667942.
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This article examines the rise of the anti-vaccination movement, the proliferation of laws allowing parental exemptions to mandatory school vaccines, and the impact of the movement on immunization rates for all vaccines. It uses the ongoing debate about the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as an example to highlight the ripple effect and consequences of the anti-vaccine movement despite robust evidence of the vaccine's safety and efficacy. The article scrutinizes how state legislatures ironically promote vaccination while simultaneously deferring to the opposition by promulgating broad opt-outs from mandatory vaccine laws. This article concludes by offering an alternative legislative approach to specifically combat the anti-vaccine movement's impact on HPV vaccination rates. Lowering the age of consent has not been widely attempted or proposed and provides an alternative statutory mechanism to push back against vaccine resistance.
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Afrifa-Anane, Grace Frempong, Reuben Tete Larbi, Bright Addo, Martin Wiredu Agyekum, Frank Kyei-Arthur, Margaret Appiah, Clara Opoku Agyemang i Ignatius Great Sakada. "Facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among women in two regions of Ghana: A qualitative study". PLOS ONE 17, nr 8 (17.08.2022): e0272876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272876.
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Although COVID-19 vaccines are available, evidence suggests that several factors hinder or facilitate their use. Several studies have found gender differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with women less likely to vaccinate than men in many countries, including Ghana. These studies, however, have primarily been quantitative. This study used a qualitative approach to examine the facilitators and barriers to vaccine uptake among women in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative research design, 30 women in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana were conveniently sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Fifteen (15) interviews were conducted in each region. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using QSR NVivo version 10 software. Among the key factors that facilitate COVID-19 vaccination are the desire to protect oneself and family against COVID-19, education about COVID-19 vaccines, seeing others receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine being cost-free. On the other hand, long queues at the vaccination centres, fear of side effects, misconceptions about the vaccines, and shortage of vaccines were the main barriers against COVID-19 vaccination. The study results show that individual, institutional, and vaccine-related factors facilitate or hinder COVID-19 vaccination among women. Addressing these factors need continuous comprehensive health education, and ensuring vaccine availability at vaccination sites will improve women’s uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines.
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Huangfu, Luwen, Yiwen Mo, Peijie Zhang, Daniel Dajun Zeng i Saike He. "COVID-19 Vaccine Tweets After Vaccine Rollout: Sentiment–Based Topic Modeling". Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, nr 2 (8.02.2022): e31726. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31726.
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Background COVID-19 vaccines are one of the most effective preventive strategies for containing the pandemic. Having a better understanding of the public’s conceptions of COVID-19 vaccines may aid in the effort to promptly and thoroughly vaccinate the community. However, because no empirical research has yet fully explored the public’s vaccine awareness through sentiment–based topic modeling, little is known about the evolution of public attitude since the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. Objective In this study, we specifically focused on tweets about COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson) after vaccines became publicly available. We aimed to explore the overall sentiments and topics of tweets about COVID-19 vaccines, as well as how such sentiments and main concerns evolved. Methods We collected 1,122,139 tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines from December 14, 2020, to April 30, 2021, using Twitter’s application programming interface. We removed retweets and duplicate tweets to avoid data redundancy, which resulted in 857,128 tweets. We then applied sentiment–based topic modeling by using the compound score to determine sentiment polarity and the coherence score to determine the optimal topic number for different sentiment polarity categories. Finally, we calculated the topic distribution to illustrate the topic evolution of main concerns. Results Overall, 398,661 (46.51%) were positive, 204,084 (23.81%) were negative, 245,976 (28.70%) were neutral, 6899 (0.80%) were highly positive, and 1508 (0.18%) were highly negative sentiments. The main topics of positive and highly positive tweets were planning for getting vaccination (251,979/405,560, 62.13%), getting vaccination (76,029/405,560, 18.75%), and vaccine information and knowledge (21,127/405,560, 5.21%). The main concerns in negative and highly negative tweets were vaccine hesitancy (115,206/205,592, 56.04%), extreme side effects of the vaccines (19,690/205,592, 9.58%), and vaccine supply and rollout (17,154/205,592, 8.34%). During the study period, negative sentiment trends were stable, while positive sentiments could be easily influenced. Topic heatmap visualization demonstrated how main concerns changed during the current widespread vaccination campaign. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate public COVID-19 vaccine awareness and awareness trends on social media with automated sentiment–based topic modeling after vaccine rollout. Our results can help policymakers and research communities track public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and help them make decisions to promote the vaccination campaign.
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Lellyawaty, Rizky Vaira i Merlin Karinda. "Minat Ibu Hamil Untuk Melakukan Vaksin Covid-19". SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat 1, nr 3 (29.07.2022): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i3.637.
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The Covid-19 vaccine in pregnant women provides protection to the fetus from serious diseases during the early period of life. Pregnant women refused the Covid-19 vaccination due to lack of knowledge, negative attitude towards vaccines, inexperience in vaccination, and worried about the side effects and safety of the vaccine. This study aims to determine the interest of pregnant women in the Covid-19 vaccine. A cross sectional study design with a sample of 46 pregnant women was used for this study. The sampling technique was accidental sampling and the research instrument was a questionnaire. There is a relationship between vaccine history and interest in Covid-19 vaccines in pregnant women with a p-value of 0.026. There is a relationship between vaccine information and interest in the Covid-19 vaccine with a p-value of 0.000. The importance of information on the safety and benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine needs to be clearly communicated to pregnant women so as to increase the interest of pregnant women to vaccinate against Covid-19.
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Jassim, Firas A. "ATTITUDES AND HESITANCY FROM COVID-19 VACCINES AMONG BASRAH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND STAFF AT BAB AL-ZUBAIR CAMPUS". International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 07, nr 02 (2024): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2024.7215.
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Background: As part of the global enthusiasm for vaccine Covid-19, the reluctance to vaccinate has received widespread attention from the media, the scientific community. Vaccine hesitancy poses serious challenges for achieving coverage for population immunity. Aims: To explore the level of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and determine the factors and barriers that may affect vaccination decision‐making. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 participants from university of Basrah, age of the participants was 18- 58 years old, the study start from November 2021 till April 2022, a Closed-end questions questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection. Analysis was made by using SPSS version 26. Results: The study showed that (84%) of the respondents had taken the Corona vaccine. (73%) of them had prefer Pfizer vaccine. (61 %) of the participants confidence in the company producing the vaccine. (82.5 %) of the participants were prefer taking the vaccine based on medical research. There was significant fear from taking the vaccines and their side effects. The decision for taking the vaccines were significantly affect by social media.
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Binti Romzi, Anis Aqilah, Megat Muhammad Syarif Hamdani Bin Megat Ahmad Kamaluddin, Mohamad Fikruddin Bin Ahmed Baseri, Muhammad Zahabi Norfizha Bin Norshim, Saidatul Najla Binti Shadan, Syafiqah Laila Athirah Binti Kamaruzaman i Abdus Salam. "Knowledge, Vaccine Preference and Fear of COVID-19 among Malaysians during the Heightened Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic". Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 22, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i1.61867.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, vaccine preference and fear of COVID-19 among Malaysians. Materials and Methods: This online questionnaire survey was carried out from 6th September 2021 to 12th November 2021 through Google form on adult Malaysians. To collect the data, a pilot-tested validated questionnaire was administered to 387 samples. The questionnaire comprised of participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on COVID-19 vaccine with source of information, participants’ specific vaccine preferences with reasons, vaccination status and fear on COVID-19. Results and Discussions: Participants has good knowledge on COVID-19 vaccina. Total 275(71%) participants showed preference for specific vaccine; Pfizer-BioNTech was the most preferred (61.5%) vaccine. The major reason for preference was effectiveness (56.4%). Participants with vaccinepreferred group obtained higher knowledge-score(7.38/8) than non-preferred (7.28/8) with insignificant difference. A total of 376(97%) respondents were vaccinated, among them 250 (66.5%) received preferred vaccine and 22(5.85%) received non-preferred, while rest had no preference. Among 11 non-vaccinated participants, three denied vaccinations as they were offered non-preferred vaccines. Fear of COVID-19 score was found higher (21.34/35) in the vaccinated group compared to non-vaccinated group (19.09/35), although no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: Most of the Malaysians are knowledgeable about COVID-19 vaccination, have vaccine-preference and vaccinated. Vaccine-preferred participants are more knowledgeable than non-preferred with insignificant difference. Among the non-vaccinated participants, 27% (3/11) denied vaccination as offered non-preferred vaccine. Vaccinated group showed more fear of COVID-19 than non-vaccinated, with an insignificant difference. Increased awareness is necessary for the people, unwilling or hesitant to vaccinate. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 01 January’23 Page : 135-144
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Koskan, Alexis M., Iris E. LoCoco, Casey L. Daniel i Benjamin S. Teeter. "Rural Americans’ COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study". Vaccines 11, nr 1 (13.01.2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010171.
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In early 2022 in the U.S., rural adults were the least likely to vaccinate against COVID-19 due to vaccine hesitancy and reduced healthcare access. This study explored the factors influencing rural adults’ COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and their acceptance of pharmacist-administered vaccination. We utilized phone-based semi-structured interviews with 30 adults living in rural regions of one southwestern state and analyzed the data using a team-based thematic analysis approach. Vaccine-willing participants described knowing other people affected by the virus and their desired protection from the virus. They reported trusting scientific institutions and the government to provide safe vaccines. Vaccine-hesitant populations, however, feared that the COVID-19 vaccine development process had been rushed, compromising the safety of these newer vaccines. Although they differed in the news sources they preferred for receiving COVID-19 vaccine information, both vaccine-willing and vaccine-hesitant participants described trusting local authorities, such as healthcare providers and county government officials, to provide accurate COVID-19 vaccine information. Regarding the acceptability of pharmacist-administered COVID-19 vaccinations, all but one participant described their acceptance of this healthcare delivery approach. Future outreach should leverage rural adults’ trust in local sources, including community pharmacists, deemed more convenient access points to healthcare, when addressing vaccine hesitancy.
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Argote Tironi, Pablo, Elena Barham, Sarah Zuckerman Daly, Julian E. Gerez, John Marshall i Oscar Pocasangre. "Messages that increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Evidence from online experiments in six Latin American countries". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (28.10.2021): e0259059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259059.
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As safe and effective vaccines become widely available, attaining herd immunity and limiting the spread of COVID-19 will depend on individuals choosing to vaccinate—and doing so quickly enough to outpace mutations. Using online surveys conducted across six Latin American countries in January 2021, we experimentally assess messages designed to counteract informational deficiencies and collective action problems that may drive hesitancy. We first find that basic vaccine information persuades around 8% of hesitant individuals to become willing to vaccinate, reduces intended wait to vaccinate by 0.4 months, and increases willingness to encourage others to vaccinate. Rather than facilitating free riding, learning, or social conformity, additional information about others’ behavior increases vaccine acceptance when respondents expect herd immunity will be achieved. Finally, priming the social approval benefits of vaccinating also increases vaccine acceptance. These results suggest that providing information and shaping social expectations and incentives could both significantly increase vaccine uptake.
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Eckman, Mark H., Margaret V. Powers-Fletcher, Jennifer W. Forrester, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Richard Lofgren i Alan George Smulian. "Take Your Best Shot: Which SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Should I Get?" MDM Policy & Practice 6, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 238146832110312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23814683211031226.
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Background. Three vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) have now received emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration. Patients may have the opportunity to make a choice about which vaccine they prefer to receive. Vaccine hesitancy is a hurdle to the development of widespread immunity, with many patients struggling to decide whether to get vaccinated at all. Objective. Develop a decision model exploring the question, “Should I get vaccinated with mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccine (AVV) if either is available now?”Design. Markov state transition model with lifetime time horizon. Data Sources. MEDLINE searches, bibliographies from relevant English-language articles. Setting. United States, ambulatory clinical setting. Participants. Previously uninfected, nonimmunized adults in the United States. Interventions. 1) Do Not Vaccinate, 2) Vaccination with mRNA Vaccine, 3) Vaccination with Adenovirus Vector Vaccine. Main Measures. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Key Results. Base case—for a healthy 65-year-old patient, both vaccines yield virtually equivalent results (difference of 0.0028 QALYs). In sensitivity analyses, receiving the AVV is preferred if the short-term morbidity associated with each vaccine dose exceeds 1.8 days. Both vaccines afford an even greater benefit compared with Do Not Vaccinate if the pandemic is in a surge phase with a rising incidence of infection or if the current 7-day incidence is greater than the base case estimate of 105 cases per 100,000. Conclusions. Preferred vaccination strategies change under differing assumptions, but differences in outcomes are negligible. The best advice for patients is to get vaccinated against COVID-19 disease with whatever vaccine is available first. Providing mRNA vaccine to the remaining eligible US population would result in an aggregate gain of 3.92 million QALYs. [Box: see text]
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S., Gopalakrishnan, i Sujitha P. "Vaccine hesitancy in India-the challenges: a review". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, nr 11 (26.10.2020): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204768.
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Immunization is the most cost-effective scientific method of reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. In India the national immunization programme has not been able to attain complete coverage of the eligible children and hence mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases is approximately 5 lakhs annually. Every year, 89 lakhs children are at risk to develop vaccine preventable diseases due to lack of immunization. While most people vaccinate according to the recommended schedule, this success is challenged by individuals and groups who delay, hesitant or refuse vaccines due to various reasons. Despite the realization of compulsory scheduling of vaccines, there are an alarming number of parents who do not permit the vaccination of their children as scheduled. Vaccine hesitancy refers to a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services. WHO in 2019 listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the ten global health threats. The recent vaccination coverage evaluation studies have shown that there is a perceptible drop in the vaccine coverage in most parts of India and also that the disparity in the urban-rural coverage is also widening. Hence an evaluation of the reasons for vaccine hesitancy is vital at present to strengthen the universal immunization program. The authors are trying to trace the present status and reasons for vaccine hesitancy reported in recent times, which can lead to outbreaks of already controlled vaccine preventable diseases and to identify strategies which are being implemented to overcome the vaccine hesitancy.
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Hosoda, Miwako. "Vaccine Hesitancy in Japan: From a Perspective on Medical Uncertainty and Trans-Scientific Theory". F1000Research 11 (27.09.2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125159.1.
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The development and dissemination of vaccines has made immunization possible and has led to the successful control and eradication of various infectious diseases in many parts of the world. However, even when vaccines that are said to be "effective" are offered, a certain number of people do not receive them, and this has become a problem known as "vaccine hesitancy”. Why is vaccine hesitancy a problem? It has been pointed out that the reason is not only because of the risk of contracting infectious diseases if they are not vaccinated, but also because of the lack of a collective immunity system. Vaccines are an effective means of acquiring immunity, but no matter how highly effective vaccines are developed, if the vaccination rate does not exceed a certain number, herd immunity cannot be acquired. Therefore, it is said that how to increase the vaccination rate of the population is a major public health challenge. Hence, the large number of people who do not receive vaccinations due to "vaccine hesitancy" is problematic. This paper reviews previous studies on "vaccine hesitancy" in Japan and analyzes people's hesitancy in terms of negative "rumors" about vaccines, risk perception of vaccine side effects, and sense of burden when receiving vaccinations. Then, I will examine that the background of "vaccine hesitancy" is not only distrust of vaccines and risk perception of side effects, but also distrust of those who provide and promote vaccinations, such as medical professionals, government, and public administration. By using medical uncertainty and trans-scientific theory, this paper argues that the problem of "vaccine hesitancy" can be reduced if medical professionals and governments show sincere empathy and attitude toward victims of adverse vaccine reactions and those who hesitate to vaccinate.
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Samaranayake, Lakshman. "Current COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology and dentistry". Dental Update 48, nr 10 (2.11.2021): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2021.48.10.881.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine story is continuously unfolding. Since our previous COVID-19 commentaries, much new information has transpired on the subject, and here we revisit this topic, which has practical implications for all stakeholders in dentistry, as well as the public. This article, on current vaccine epidemiology, provides an account of why vaccines fail in general, and the particular concerns in relation to the new Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related ‘variants of concern’. Issues related to vaccine failure are fundamentally dichotomous in nature, appertaining either to the vaccine strain (type) per se, and/or the numerous endogenous factors of the vaccine recipient/vaccinee. Societal factors such as vaccine hesitancy and its impact on herd immunity appear to overarch the long-term goal of total or partial global suppression of SARS-CoV-2, and its eventual endemicity. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To describe the reasons for the failure of currently administered COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in relation to the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’, and discuss implications for clinical dental practice.
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Nuismer, Scott L., Benjamin M. Althouse, Ryan May, James J. Bull, Sean P. Stromberg i Rustom Antia. "Eradicating infectious disease using weakly transmissible vaccines". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1841 (26.10.2016): 20161903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1903.
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Viral vaccines have had remarkable positive impacts on human health as well as the health of domestic animal populations. Despite impressive vaccine successes, however, many infectious diseases cannot yet be efficiently controlled or eradicated through vaccination, often because it is impossible to vaccinate a sufficient proportion of the population. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery may be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a live, transmissible vaccine. Unfortunately, releasing a highly transmissible vaccine poses substantial evolutionary risks, including reversion to high virulence as has been documented for the oral polio vaccine. An alternative, and far safer approach, is to rely on genetically engineered and weakly transmissible vaccines that have reduced scope for evolutionary reversion. Here, we use mathematical models to evaluate the potential efficacy of such weakly transmissible vaccines. Our results demonstrate that vaccines with even a modest ability to transmit can significantly lower the incidence of infectious disease and facilitate eradication efforts. Consequently, weakly transmissible vaccines could provide an important tool for controlling infectious disease in wild and domestic animal populations and for reducing the risks of emerging infectious disease in humans.
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Wong, Li-Ping, Hai-Yen Lee, Haridah Alias i Sazaly AbuBakar. "Malaysian Parents’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against COVID-19 Infection and Their Perception of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines". Vaccines 10, nr 11 (25.10.2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111790.
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Little was known about Malaysian parental attitudes, beliefs, and intentions surrounding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines for children when the National COVID-19 Immunization Program for Children (PICKids) was launched in February 2021. A cross-sectional online survey-based study was carried out from 15 March 2022 to 23 July 2022 on Malaysian parents/guardians of children between ages 5 and below 12 years old. A total of 15.7% reported being extremely willing, and 38.9% were somewhat willing to vaccinate children with a COVID-19 vaccine. Perceived low susceptibility to COVID-19 infection showed the greatest significant impact on vaccine acceptance (OR 35.46, 95% CI 15.26–82.40). Parents with a lower level of concern have a higher willingness for vaccination (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.90–1.75). Of the parents that knew of the mRNA vaccine, 46.6% reported that they prefer their children to be vaccinated with conventional vaccines over mRNA vaccines. Poor knowledge about mRNA vaccines, lack of confidence in the mRNA technology, fear of unknown side effects, and perception that the mRNA vaccines contain microchips were significantly associated with a higher level of concern about their children receiving an mRNA vaccine. Public education campaigns to promote COVID-19 vaccination for children warrant addressing the concerns and knowledge deficits among vaccine-hesitant parents.
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AMIR, MOHAMED, AISHATH MUNEER, SINWA ABDUL LATHEEF, ABDULLA ZAEEM, FATHIMATH ZOONA, AHMED MAUROOF, NILOOMA MOHAMED i in. "COVID-19 perceptions and vaccine acceptance in the Maldives". Maldives National Journal of Research 9, nr 1 (31.07.2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.62338/7n3tx785.
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The aim of the study was to identify the perceptions regarding the COVID-19 epidemic and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect the data for the study using an online questionnaire. Among 700 participants, 602 (86%) people agreed that they would get the vaccine if it became available. The reasons people gave for not agreeing to get the vaccines were that the vaccine might have side effects, it might be too expensive, and it might not be safe. Only 1.2% said that they did not want to vaccinate due to religious reasons. Vaccine acceptance was associated with age, employment status, and Influenza vaccination in the past 12 months. Although the perception towards the COVID-19 vaccine was good in general, there were some negative perceptions too. Hence, creating public awareness regarding the vaccines and the importance of vaccination is crucial.
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Shallal, Anita, Amit T. Vahia, Rachel Kenney i Allison J. Weinmann. "11. Missed Vaccine Opportunities During the COVID-19 Pandemic". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S28—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.056.
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Abstract Background The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for all adults over the age of 65 to reduce S. pneumoniae pneumonia. Our institution follows a standing order for nurses to vaccinate adults who meet the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) criteria. During the COVID-19 pandemic surge, the pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine nurse-driven protocol was determined to be non-essential on 3/23, and 4/2 respectively. Our study aims to characterize missed vaccine opportunities among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during this surge. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of PCR-positive COVID-19 patients admitted to an inner-city hospital and discharged alive between the dates of 3/23 and 4/21/2020. Patients under the age of 65 were excluded. Data collected included patient age, gender, race, length of stay, co-morbidities that would indicate a vaccine opportunity, prior vaccinations, and whether there was a vaccine opportunity for PPSV23 and influenza defined by ACIP indications. Vaccine history was evaluated using the electronic medical record (EMR) and Michigan Care Improvement Registry. If there was a vaccine opportunity, we documented whether a vaccine was given before hospital discharge. Total numbers of vaccines given for time periods in 2019 and 2020 were collected from EMR for comparison. Results 100 patients over the age of 65 were included. The average age was 72.8 years, and most patients (66%) were of African American race. The mean length of stay was five days. 52 patients were identified as having an opportunity to receive PPSV23, and 0 patients received the vaccine. 67.3% had more than one indication for PPSV23. 37 patients were eligible to receive influenza vaccine, and 0 received the vaccine. Results are summarized in table 1. Figures 1 and 2 display the number of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines given per EMR, respectively. Figure 1 Figure 2 Table 1 Conclusion Due to prioritization of potential staffing shortages and clustering nursing care, an opportunity to vaccinate patients with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines was missed. It is important for health care providers to be aware of this potential opportunity for vaccination of high-risk patients in order to promote primary prevention in future waves of pandemics. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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B. Abrazado, Dr Gloria, i Dr Carmelita M. Coronel. "Determinants of Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Intentions among Employees, Parents, and Students in an Educational Institution". International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4, nr 1 (6.03.2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54476/iimrj26.
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One of the most affected sectors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic is the education sector as many classrooms in the world remained closed. To reopen the schools safely, it is important to vaccinate the members of the academic community. This descriptive-correlational research aimed to determine the factors that may influence the willingness of the students, parents, and employees to receive COVID-19 vaccines for the safe reopening of campus. A total of 877 responses were included in the analysis. Spearman rho was used to correlate the variables. The results showed that generally, the participants have a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccines and that they were concerned about the serious side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine; however, they were positive on the importance and benefits of the vaccine. The majority were undecided to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. The results further revealed that the determinants of vaccine uptake intentions among the participants in the education institution were age, educational qualifications, the extent of knowledge about the vaccine, and attitude towards the vaccine. A carefully planned communication strategy and education campaigns can help to influence the behavior of the students, parents, and school employees particularly the young adults on their vaccine uptake intentions. Topics on COVID 19 disease and vaccination may be integrated with the curriculum to promote widespread confidence in the vaccines.
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Koskan, Alexis, Linda Larkey, Michael Todd i Sunny Wonsun Kim. "Protocol for a community-based digital storytelling pilot intervention to reduce Hispanic parents’ vaccine hesitancy to immunize their children against COVID-19". PLOS ONE 19, nr 3 (19.03.2024): e0299787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299787.
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COVID-19 vaccines, currently available to children over six months old, are a powerful method of reducing the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. However, vaccination rates among Hispanic children remain suboptimal, primarily due to parental vaccine hesitancy. Health communication researchers have suggested using culturally aligned storytelling to reduce vaccine hesitancy; however, few studies have evaluated this approach for Hispanic parents of unvaccinated children. Working with community health workers, we will engage Hispanic parents who were previously hesitant to vaccinate their child(ren) against COVID-19 but currently support vaccination. We will ask them to share their stories of conversion in COVID-19 vaccine perspectives to help other parents overcome their mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines. We will then assess the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based pilot digital storytelling intervention based on these conversion stories vs. an information-only control among 80 parents and/or legal guardians of children who are not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccines. We will also examine pre- to post-intervention changes in vaccine perceptions, hesitancy, intentions, and uptake of children’s COVID-19 vaccination at two months post-intervention. If our pilot study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability while reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake, we will conduct a full-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of the DST intervention to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
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Cassier, Maurice. "Producing, Controlling, and Stabilizing Pasteur's Anthrax Vaccine: Creating a New Industry and a Health Market". Science in Context 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889708001713.
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ArgumentWhen Pasteur and Chamberland hastily set up their small biological industry to meet the agricultural demand for the anthrax vaccine, their methods for preparation and production had not yet been stabilized. The process of learning how to standardize biological products was accelerated in 1882 when vaccination accidents required the revision of production norms as the first hypotheses on fixity, inalterability, and transportability of vaccines were invalidated and replaced by procedures for continuous monitoring of the calibration of vaccines and the renewal of vaccine strains. Initially, the incompleteness and ongoing development of production standards justified Pasteur's monopoly on the production of the anthrax vaccine under his immediate supervision. Later on, the Pasteur Institute maintained control of these standards in the framework of a commercial monopoly that it established on the veterinary vaccines first sent and then cultivated abroad by the Société de Vulgarisation du Vaccin Charbonneux Pasteur, founded in 1886.
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Skjefte, Malia, Michelle Ngirbabul, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Daniel Escudero, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Diego F. Wyszynski i Julia W. Wu. "COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries". European Journal of Epidemiology 36, nr 2 (luty 2021): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00728-6.
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AbstractWith the development of multiple effective vaccines, reducing the global morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 will depend on the distribution and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Estimates of global vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children are yet unknown. An understanding of the challenges and correlates to vaccine acceptance will aid the acceleration of vaccine administration within these populations. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women and mothers of children younger than 18-years-old, as well as potential predictors, were assessed through an online survey, administered by Pregistry between October 28 and November 18, 2020. 17,871 total survey responses from 16 countries were obtained. Given a 90% COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, 52.0% of pregnant women (n = 2747/5282) and 73.4% of non-pregnant women (n = 9214/12,562) indicated an intention to receive the vaccine. 69.2% of women (n = 11,800/17,054), both pregnant and non-pregnant, indicated an intention to vaccinate their children. Vaccine acceptance was generally highest in India, the Philippines, and all sampled countries in Latin America; it was lowest in Russia, the United States and Australia. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance included confidence in vaccine safety or effectiveness, worrying about COVID-19, belief in the importance of vaccines to their own country, compliance to mask guidelines, trust of public health agencies/health science, as well as attitudes towards routine vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors among women vary globally. Vaccination campaigns for women and children should be specific for each country in order to attain the largest impact.
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Leachman, Sancy A., Mark Shylankevich, Martin D. Slade, Dana Levine, Ranjini K. Sundaram, Wei Xiao, Marianne Bryan, Daniel Zelterman, Robert E. Tiegelaar i Janet L. Brandsma. "Ubiquitin-Fused and/or Multiple Early Genes from Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus as DNA Vaccines". Journal of Virology 76, nr 15 (1.08.2002): 7616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.15.7616-7624.2002.
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ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have the potential to prevent cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection or treating premalignant disease. We previously showed that DNA vaccination with the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) E6 gene induced partial protection against CRPV challenge and that the vaccine's effects were greatly enhanced by priming with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the present study, two additional strategies for augmenting the clinical efficacy of CRPV E6 vaccination were evaluated. The first was to fuse a ubiquitin monomer to the CRPV E6 protein to enhance antigen processing and presentation through the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway. Rabbits vaccinated with the wild-type E6 gene plus GM-CSF or with the ubiquitin-fused E6 gene formed significantly fewer papillomas than the controls. The papillomas also required a longer time to appear and grew more slowly. Finally, a significant proportion of the papillomas subsequently regressed. The ubiquitin-fused E6 vaccine was significantly more effective than the wild-type E6 vaccine plus GM-CSF priming. The second strategy was to vaccinate with multiple CRPV early genes to increase the breadth of the CRPV-specific response. DNA vaccines encoding the wild-type CRPV E1-E2, E6, or E7 protein were tested alone and in all possible combinations. All vaccines and combinations suppressed papilloma formation, slowed papilloma growth, and stimulated subsequent papilloma regression. Finally, the two strategies were merged and a combination DNA vaccine containing ubiquitin-fused versions of the CRPV E1, E2, and E7 genes was tested. This last vaccine prevented papilloma formation at all challenge sites in all rabbits, demonstrating complete protection.
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Bagateli, Leonardo Evangelista, Edna Yayoi Saeki, Marta Fadda, Carlo Agostoni, Paola Marchisio i Gregorio Paolo Milani. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents of Children and Adolescents Living in Brazil". Vaccines 9, nr 10 (30.09.2021): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101115.
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Background: The immunization of large portions of populations in low/middle-income countries is considered one of the key measures to limit the development of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, parental vaccine hesitancy might be an important obstacle to pediatric vaccination. The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence and extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children and adolescents living in Brazil. Methods: Caregivers of children and adolescents referred to the emergency department of Hospital Estadual de Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil) were invited to fill in a validated questionnaire on vaccine hesitancy and to report their willingness for themselves and their offspring to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 501 consecutive caregivers filled in the survey. Response rate was 100%. A minority (N = 14, 2.8%) of caregivers were hesitant about vaccines. Despite this, half of them declared they were willing to vaccinate their offspring against COVID-19. Conclusions: This survey identifies that vaccine hesitancy is very low among caregivers living in Brazil and that even many of the hesitant caregivers are willing to vaccinate their offspring against COVID-19. This study highlights the importance of offering the COVID-19 vaccination to the whole population, including subjects that present uncertainty about other vaccines.
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Hosoda, Miwako. "Vaccine Hesitancy in Japan: From a Perspective on Medical Uncertainty and Trans-Scientific Theory". F1000Research 11 (11.01.2023): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125159.2.
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The development and dissemination of vaccines has made immunization possible and has led to the successful control and eradication of various infectious diseases in many parts of the world. However, even when vaccines that are said to be "effective" are offered, a certain number of people do not receive them, and this has become a problem known as "vaccine hesitancy”. ItThe reason of “Vaccine hesitancy” is pointed out that there is not only because of the risk of contracting infectious diseases if they are not vaccinated, but also because of the lack of a collective immunity system. Vaccines are an effective means of acquiring immunity, but no matter how highly effective vaccines are developed, if the vaccination rate does not exceed a certain number, “herd immunity”, which means that the risk of person-to-person transmission is reduced when a significant portion of the population becomes immune to, cannot be acquired. Therefore, how to increase the vaccination rate of the population is a major public health challenge. This paper reviews previous studies on "vaccine hesitancy" in Japan and analyzes people's hesitancy in terms of negative "rumors" about vaccines, risk perception of vaccine side effects, and sense of burden when receiving vaccinations. Then, the author will examine that the background of "vaccine hesitancy" is not only distrust of vaccines and risk perception of side effects, but also distrust of those who provide and promote vaccinations, such as medical professionals, government, and public administration. By using medical uncertainty which shows there are many unknowns and uncertainties in medicine and trans-scientific theory which indicates there are areas that science cannot answer this paper argues that the problem of "vaccine hesitancy" can be reduced if medical professionals and governments show sincere empathy and attitude toward victims of adverse vaccine reactions and those who hesitate to vaccinate.
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Li, Linyao. "Investigation and Research on HPV Vaccine Cognition and Willingness to Vaccine among Female College Students in Anhui". Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 3, nr 1 (6.06.2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v3i1.9528.
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In order to solve the awareness of the HPV vaccine in Anhui Province, the willingness to vaccinate the HPV vaccine, on the one hand, this study uses an online questionnaire to extract female college students in Anhui Province for investigation. On the other hand, the team members also have a gynecological expert Interviews with female college students. Among them, the actual recycling questionnaire is 390, the number of effective questions is 360 copies, and the effective rate of questionnaire is 92.3%. The content of this survey mainly includes four aspects. The basic situation of survey objects, female college students 'awareness of HPV and vaccine, female college students' willingness to vaccination with HPV vaccines, and the reasons that affect female college students inocus HPV vaccine. First of all, describe statistics of the cognitive situation of HPV; second, from cognitive status, family influence, economic factors, education influence, and personal experience, these five dimensions build a comprehensive evaluation index system for HPV vaccines to take over The indicators are quantified, and the logistic regression returns a comprehensive evaluation of the willingness to vaccinate female college students HPV vaccine; again, calculate the gray correlation between the influencing factors and the willingness of vaccination to reflect its extent on the extent of the willingness to take over the HPV vaccine; In response to the actual situation of the above research and combined with the current HPV vaccination vaccination, relevant suggestions are made from the five levels of the government, society, schools, families, and individuals to the popularization and popularization of the HPV vaccine. strength.
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Faccin, Mauro, Floriana Gargiulo, Laëtitia Atlani-Duault i Jeremy K. Ward. "Assessing the influence of French vaccine critics during the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic". PLOS ONE 17, nr 8 (4.08.2022): e0271157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271157.
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When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash “the anti-vaccine movement”. However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an issue even in the context of this major pandemic. Does it mean that the mobilization of vaccine-critical activists on social media is one of the main causes of this reticence to vaccinate against COVID-19? In this paper, we wish to contribute to current work on vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by looking at one of the many mechanisms which can cause reticence towards vaccines: the capacity of vaccine-critical activists to influence a wider public on social media. We analyze the evolution of debates over the COVID-19 vaccine on the French Twittosphere, during two first years of the pandemic, with a particular attention to the spreading capacity of vaccine-critical websites. We address two main questions: 1) Did vaccine-critical contents gain ground during this period? 2) Who were the main actors in the diffusion of these contents? While debates over vaccines experienced a tremendous surge during this period, the share of vaccine-critical contents in these debates remains stable except for a limited number of short periods associated with specific events. Secondly, analyzing the community structure of the re-tweets hyper-graph, we reconstruct the mesoscale structure of the information flows, identifying and characterizing the major communities of users. We analyze their role in the information ecosystem: the largest right-wing community has a typical echo-chamber behavior collecting all the vaccine-critical tweets from outside and recirculating it inside the community. The smaller left-wing community is less permeable to vaccine-critical contents but, has a large capacity to spread it once adopted.
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Orbea, Marisa, Rachel Cunningham, C. Mary Healy, Julie A. Boom i Claire Bocchini. "1172. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy in Caregivers of Hospitalized Children". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1365.
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Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy (VH) is hindering nationwide vaccination efforts; little is known about caregiver SARS-CoV-2 vaccine acceptance for children. We aimed to identify associations with SARS-CoV-2 VH in caregivers of hospitalized children. Methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional survey in English and Spanish of caregiver COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and associated VH among hospitalized children 6 months - 18 years at a large pediatric medical institution. Parents were approached daily, averaging 4-5 days/week, from 12/8/2020--4/5/2021. VH was assessed using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey; PACV score ≥50 denoted VH. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used. Responses were categorized. Results 295/307 (96%) of approached caregivers enrolled; 79% were ≥ 30 years, 68% were married/ living with a partner, and 57% had at least some college. 36% identified as white, 19% Black, and 46% Hispanic/ Latino. 53% of caregiver children had public insurance. 91% of caregivers self-reported their children were up to date with routine vaccines. 17% of caregivers were vaccine-hesitant overall. 50% of caregivers were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine themselves. Figure 1 shows intention to vaccinate their child by PACV score. 65% knew someone who was hospitalized for COVID-19. 67% were scared of their child getting COVID-19. However, 49% were scared of their child getting the vaccine, 28% did not want to vaccinate their child and 27% were neutral in the intention to vaccinate their child. Caregivers who did not intend to vaccinate their child were more likely to be Black (27% vs. 16%, p=0.04) and less likely to be Hispanic/ Latino (33% vs. 49%, p=0.02). Table 1 shows attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine in caregivers who did or did not intend to vaccinate their child. Figure 1 COVID-19 vaccine uptake by PACV score Table 1 Caregiver attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccine Conclusion The majority of caregivers believe that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will help control the pandemic, but less than half plan to vaccinate their children. A quarter of caregivers expressed uncertainty regarding the vaccine and therefore may be amenable to education and discussion. COVID-19 VH is different from VH towards routine vaccinations. More research is needed to address COVID-19 specific VH. Disclosures C. Mary Healy, MD, Dexcom (Shareholder)Intuitive (Shareholder)Quidel Corporation (Shareholder)Up to Date (Other Financial or Material Support, Honorarium)Vapotherm (Shareholder)
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Alhuzaimi, Abdullah N., Abdullah A. Alrasheed, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Fadi Aljamaan, Khalid Alhasan, Mohammed A. Batais, Amr Jamal i in. "Exploring Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Uptake, and Hesitancy in the Pediatric Population: A Study of Parents and Caregivers in Saudi Arabia during the Initial Vaccination Phase". Healthcare 11, nr 7 (29.03.2023): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11070972.
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Objectives: This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, uptake, and hesitancy among parents and caregivers of children in Saudi Arabia during the initial rollout of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: An electronic survey was used to collect data from participants who visited a COVID-19 vaccine center. The survey included demographic data, COVID-19 vaccine status among participants and their children, and reasons for vaccine acceptance or rejection. The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) tool was also employed to assess vaccine hesitancy and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine and routine childhood vaccination. Multivariate binary regression analysis was used to identify predictors of actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake among children. Results: Of the 873 respondents included in the analysis, 61.5% were parents and 38.5% were other caregivers. Of the participants, 96.9% had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Six hundred and ninety-four participants accepted the vaccine for their children, with the main reasons being an endorsement by the Saudi Ministry of Health (60%) and the importance of going back to school (55%). One hundred and seventy-nine participants would not vaccinate their children, with the most common reasons being fear of adverse effects (49%) and inadequate data about vaccine safety (48%). Factors such as age, COVID-19 vaccination status, self-rated family commitment level, attitudes toward routine children’s vaccines, and participants’ generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) score did not significantly correlate with children’s COVID-19 vaccination status. Parents were less likely to vaccinate their children compared to other caregivers, and participants with a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: Vaccine acceptance and uptake were high during the initial pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Saudi Arabia. Still, the ongoing endorsement of the Ministry of Health and healthcare authorities should continue to advocate for better vaccine uptake in children.
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Stöckli, Sabrina, Anna Katharina Spälti, Joseph Phillips, Florian Stoeckel, Matthew Barnfield, Jack Thompson, Benjamin Lyons, Vittorio Mérola, Paula Szewach i Jason Reifler. "Which vaccine attributes foster vaccine uptake? A cross-country conjoint experiment". PLOS ONE 17, nr 5 (4.05.2022): e0266003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266003.
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Why do people prefer one particular COVID-19 vaccine over another? We conducted a pre-registered conjoint experiment (n = 5,432) in France, Germany, and Sweden in which respondents rated the favorability of and chose between pairs of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. Differences in effectiveness and the prevalence of side-effects had the largest effects on vaccine preferences. Factors with smaller effects include country of origin (respondents are less favorable to vaccines of Chinese and Russian origin), and vaccine technology (respondents exhibited a small preference for hypothetical mRNA vaccines). The general public also exhibits sensitivity to additional factors (e.g. how expensive the vaccines are). Our data show that vaccine attributes are more important for vaccine preferences among those with higher vaccine favorability and higher risk tolerance. In our conjoint design, vaccine attributes–including effectiveness and side-effect prevalence–appear to have more muted effects among the most vaccine hesitant respondents. The prevalence of side-effects, effectiveness, country of origin and vaccine technology (e.g., mRNA vaccines) determine vaccine acceptance, but they matter little among the vaccine hesitant. Vaccine hesitant people do not find a vaccine more attractive even if it has the most favorable attributes. While the communication of vaccine attributes is important, it is unlikely to convince those who are most vaccine hesitant to get vaccinated.
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Hotez, Peter J., i Maria Elena Bottazzi. "Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines". Annual Review of Medicine 73, nr 1 (27.01.2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212.
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The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and adenovirus-vectored vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to astound the global scientific community, but these vaccine platforms and production approaches have still not achieved global COVID-19 vaccine equity. Immunizing the billions of people at risk for COVID-19 in the world's low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still relies on the availability of vaccines produced and scaled through traditional technology approaches. Vaccines based on whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based platforms, as well as protein particle-based vaccines, are the most produced by LMIC vaccine manufacturing strategies. Three major WIV vaccines are beginning to be distributed widely. Several protein-based and protein particle-based vaccines are advancing with promising results. Overall, these vaccines are exhibiting excellent safety profiles and in some instances have shown their potential to induce high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses (and protection) both in nonhuman primates and in early studies in humans. There is an urgent need to continue accelerating these vaccines for LMICs in time to fully vaccinate these populations by the end of 2022 at the latest. Achieving these goals would also serve as an important reminder that we must continue to maintain expertise in producing multiple vaccine technologies, rather than relying on any individual platform.
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Mashhadi, Syed Fawad, Nazish Khan, Ubaida Bin Ilyas, Omer Farooq, Aashir Waseem, Abdullah Cheema i Sahab Murtaza. "Covid-19 Vaccination and Routine Childhood Vaccinations: Comparison of Hesitancy among Parents". Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, SUPPL-4 (12.12.2022): S874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72isuppl-4.9683.
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Objectives: To assess perceptions of parents regarding vaccinating their children against COVID-19 and to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy as compared to routine childhood vaccinations.
Study Design: Analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative study
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr 2022.
Methodology: Parents having children of either gender, 12 to 18 years of age, residents of Rawalpindi/Islamabad Pakistan were included in the study. Study was conducted online using Google forms. Sample size of 303 was taken and participants were enrolled through non probability convenience sampling. Modified Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) was used. Parental attitudes towards routine childhood vaccinations versus COVID-19 vaccines were compared using paired sample T test.
Results: Among 303 parents, 196(64.5%) were willing to vaccinate their child with COVID-19 vaccine. Reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included insufficient vaccine safety information (16.8%), avoidance of vaccines/ medications in general (8.9%), inconvenient / painful vaccine administration (7.9%), perceiving child as not at high risk of developing complications of he gets infected by COVID-19(6.3%) and concerns of getting COVID-19 through the vaccine (4.6%). An encouraging attitude was seen among parents for routine childhood vaccination as compared to COVID-19 vaccination with higher mean VHS 2.68±0.44 vs. 2.52±0.43 respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusions: A large proportion of parents were hesitant regarding the COVID-19 vaccine as compared to routine childhood vaccines. Relying on the national authorities regarding the immunization information is a much better option to limit hesitancy.