Artykuły w czasopismach: „Vaccination of children”

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Gates, Dana M., Steven A. Cohen, Kelly Orr i Aisling R. Caffrey. "Pharmacist-Administered Influenza Vaccination in Children and Corresponding Regulations". Vaccines 10, nr 9 (28.08.2022): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091410.

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In our retrospective cohort study, we evaluated trends in pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination rates in the United States and corresponding state-level pharmacist pediatric vaccination authorization models, including minimum age requirements, vaccination protocols, and/or prescription requirements. An administrative health claims database was used to capture influenza vaccinations in children less than 18 years old with 1 year of continuous enrollment and joinpoint regression was used to assess trends. Of the 3,937,376 pediatric influenza vaccinations identified over the study period, only 3.2% were pharmacist-administered (87.7% pediatrician offices, 2.3% convenience care clinics, 0.8% emergency care, and 6.0% other locations). Pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination was more commonly observed in older children (mean age 12.65 ± 3.26 years) and increased significantly by 19.2% annually over the study period (95% confidence interval 9.2%-30.2%, p < 0.05). The Northeast, with more restrictive authorization models, represented only 2.2% (n = 2816) of all pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccinations. Utilization of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination remains low. Providing children with greater access to vaccination with less restrictions may increase overall vaccination rates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, pharmacists will play a major role in vaccinating children.

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Dońka, Katarzyna, Marlena Suwała, Danuta Zarzycka, Agnieszka Sobolewska-Samorek i Violetta Paździor. "Vaccine attitudes and education of parents". Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 17, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2018-0021.

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AbstractIntroduction.Currently in Poland there is significant differentiation of parents’ attitudes towards vaccinating children. As a consequence, the number of unvaccinated children grows steadily by about 40 percent each year.Aim.Getting to know parents’ attitudes and their causes in relation to immunization based on the analysis of publications on this topic.Material and methods.Selection of publications for analysis was based on criteria of systematic review covering the last 10 years, cataloged in the following databases: Polish Medical Library, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The base searches were carried out according to the key words:protective vaccinations, parents’ attitudes, implementation of the vaccination calendar, immunization, vaccination, parental refusal of vaccines. As many as 32 publications were used in the study.Results.Vaccine knowledge of parents determines their attitude towards vaccination, which influences the implementation of primary and extended vaccinations in children. Implementation of the Protective Vaccination Program remains high in Poland, but the number of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children is systematically growing. Among the many reasons for the refusal of vaccination in children, the most often in literature there were those indicated by barriers of a religious, personal and philosophical nature, security and knowledge on this subject.Conclusions.Low level of parents’ knowledge, both general and specific, about vaccinations is the most common barrier in the implementation of mandatory vaccinations.

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Kowalska, Małgorzata, Maksymilian Gajda, Kamil Barański i Bogumiła Braczkowska. "Sources of parental knowledge about the safety of vaccinations in Poland". Health Promotion International 34, nr 6 (23.11.2018): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day096.

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Abstract There has been a recent increase in the number of parents refusing vaccination for their children in many European countries, including Poland. This observation necessitates the need to understand parental knowledge in regard to mandatory vaccination of children in these countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016 on 1239 parents or legal guardians of preschool and school children in the Silesian Voivodship (Poland) to evaluate their hesitancy in acquiescing to their children mandatory immunization and the relation to this habit in regard to the use of informational sources on children vaccination system in Poland. Medical doctors often provide the basic source of information about vaccination to parents. About one-third (29%) of the respondents from the survey deemed the qualification system for vaccination as either inadequate or bad. 16.9% of the respondents surveyed declared that information received from physicians regarding vaccinations were either incomplete or unconvincing. Results of multivariable analyses confirmed that respondents are less likely to seek information about mandatory vaccinations from medical professionals and more often to misjudged vaccination’s qualification system. Participants who used less informative sources (e.g. leaflets) and those with a lower level of education were more likely to avoid vaccination. Greater emphasis on the quality of information provided by medical professionals is crucial in order to avoid doubts about vaccination and to create proper attitudes and adherence to vaccination schedules.

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Kadim, Maha A., Anees Flayyih Abdulhasan, Zainab Abdulameer Abdulrasol i Ali Fadhil Obaid. "Dropout of Vaccination Among Iraqi Children". South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, nr 6 (6.12.2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2022.3610.

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Immunization has been a successful method of preventing and controlling life-threatening infectious diseases since the 20th century. About 2-3 million child deaths are avoided annually through vaccination. Despite increasing vaccination rates worldwide, many children in developing nations still miss their vaccinations. Therefore, many children are still vulnerable to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) targeted diseases. Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) occur when people who are eligible for vaccination visit a medical facility but do not receive the necessary vaccinations. Therefore, vaccination has the opportunity to achieve more if missed vaccination opportunities (MOVs) are removed and global immunization coverage increases. A narrative review was conducted to summarize vaccination missing among Iraqi children, and factors affecting the vaccine coverage rate.

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Banks, Laura L., Cameron Crandall i Luke Esquibel. "Throughput Times for Adults and Children During Two Drive-Through Influenza Vaccination Clinics". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, nr 2 (25.03.2013): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.3.

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AbstractObjectivesSuccessful planning for public health emergencies requires knowledge of effective methods for mass distribution of medication and supplies to the public. We measured the time required for the key components of 2 drive-through vaccination clinics and summarized the results as they applied to providing medical countermeasures to large populations of children and adults. We hypothesized that vaccinating children in addition to adults would affect throughput time.MethodsUsing 2 separate drive-through vaccination clinics, we measured elapsed time for vehicle flow and vaccination procedures. We calculated the median length of stay and the time to administer vaccinations based on the number of individual vaccinations given per vehicle, and compared the vehicles in which children (aged 9-18 years) were vaccinated to those in which only adults were vaccinated.ResultsA total of 2174 vaccinations and 1275 vehicles were timed during the 2 clinics. The number of vaccinations and vehicles per hour varied during the course of the day; the maximums were 200 and 361 per hour, respectively. The median throughput time was 5 minutes, and the median vaccination time was 48 seconds. Flow over time varied by the hour, and the optimum number of vaccinations per vehicle to maximize efficiency was between 3 and 4. Our findings showed that the presence of children raised the total number of vaccinations given per vehicle and, therefore, the total vaccination processing time per vehicle. However, the median individual procedure time in the vehicles with children was not significantly increased, indicating no need to calculate increased times for processing children 9 years of age or older during emergency planning.ConclusionsDrive-through clinics can provide a large number of seasonal influenza vaccinations in a relatively efficient manner; provide needed experience for students and practitioners in techniques for mass administration of medical countermeasures; and assist public health and emergency management personnel with disaster planning. Including children older than 9 years does not reduce efficiency. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)

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Abbas, Ghulam, i Naseer Ahmad. "An Assessment Of Awareness And Practicality Of Parents Towards Immunization Of Children In District Multan". STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 1, nr 1 (31.12.2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v1i1.19.

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The main objective of the study to assess the parents’ knowledge attitude and practices regarding their children vaccination in District Multan, the data was collected with the help of interview schedule from 200 parents having under 2 Years children. SPSS was used for data analysis. The main findings of this research were the parent’s awareness regarding EPI vaccination is low, vaccination centers are away from the people of rural areas of district Multan that’s why the coverage of Vaccination is low in these areas, its recommended that the Government provide more EPI vaccination centers for the children of rural areas. Vaccination staff also limited so it make sure one vaccinator for the ten thousand of population. . Trained female worker like LHWs, local School Teachers, (Imam Masjid) and key persons of the community can play a vital role in the promotion of Vaccination coverage in their concern areas. Vaccination weeks will also very beneficial for the child’s vaccinations and the awareness regarding the prevention of communicable diseases in Pakistan.

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Abd Rahman, Noor Amira Syazwani, Soon-Yew Ju, Jamal Rizal Razali, Nur Hazirah Hamdan, Mohd Rozaimy Ridzuan i Lai-Kuan Kong. "Post-COVID-19 Malaysian parents’ views on children’s vaccination: subjective norms analysis". International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, nr 5 (1.10.2024): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i5.29396.

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<span>Vaccinating children is a critical life-saving measure that ensures herd immunity and saves numerous lives. However, the rising trend of parental refusal to vaccinate poses a significant threat to disease containment within societies. Amid the widespread COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, this study examines how subjective standards impact parents’ vaccination intentions and behaviors. Lockdowns and travel restrictions during the pandemic caused a decline in vaccination rates due to missed appointments for children’s vaccinations. Even post-pandemic, some parents persist in refusing vaccination for their children. Conducting an online survey and employing quantitative, the study collected data from parents with children aged 1 day to 15 years old. Analyzing the data through IBM SPSS and employing SmartPLS 4.0.9.5 software, specifically using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), revealed significant insights. The findings indicate that parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children significantly predicts their actual vaccination behavior. Moreover, social norms positively influence parental vaccination intentions. The study highlights the mediating role of vaccination intention between social norms and actual vaccination behavior among parents. Overall, this empirical research strongly supports the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, emphasizing the importance of targeting social norms to foster vaccination behavior and elevate vaccination rates.</span>

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Noh, Jin-Won, Young-mi Kim, Nabeel Akram, Ki Bong Yoo, Jooyoung Cheon, Lena J. Lee, Young Dae Kwon i Jelle Stekelenburg. "Determinants of timeliness in early childhood vaccination among mothers with vaccination cards in Sindh province, Pakistan: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data". BMJ Open 9, nr 9 (wrzesień 2019): e028922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028922.

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ObjectiveUntimely vaccination refers to receiving the given dose before (early) or after (delayed) the recommended time window. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of timeliness of childhood vaccinations and examine the determinants of vaccination timeliness in Sindh province, Pakistan.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data from the 2013 and 2014 Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys.SettingCommunity-based maternal and child health surveys.ParticipantsAmong 10 200 respondents of Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys, 1143 women who had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey were included.OutcomesAt the participants’ home, an interviewer asked mothers to show their children’s vaccination cards, which contained information regarding vaccinations. Children’s vaccination status was categorised into timely or early/delayed compared with vaccination schedule. A logistic regression analysis using Firth’s penalised likelihood was performed to identify factors associated with timeliness of vaccinations.Results238 children (20.8% of children who received a full set of basic vaccinations) received all vaccinations on schedule among children who received a full set of basic vaccinations. The percentages of timely vaccinations ranged from 2.3% for second measles vaccination to 89.3% for bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Child’s age and place of delivery were associated with timely vaccinations. Older child age and institutional delivery were associated with decreased timely vaccination rate.ConclusionsHome-based vaccination record is a key tool to improve the timeliness of vaccinations. The redesigned vaccination cards, the new electronic registries for vaccination card information and the vaccination tracking system to remind the second/third vaccination visits may be helpful to improve timely vaccinations for children under 2 years old.

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Pałdyna, Bartosz, i Magdalena Pałdyna. "Prophylactic vaccination in children with mastocytosis". Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 19, nr 4 (29.12.2023): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2023.0048.

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Prophylactic vaccination is one of the fundamental elements of health policy. Poland has a universal vaccination programme, which is systematically modified depending on the changing epidemiological situation of infectious diseases, as well as current medical knowledge, which has its implications in legislation. Mastocytosis is a haematopoietic neoplasm occurring in children, usually with a benign course, limited to the skin and resolving before adolescence. However, the implementation of the general prophylactic vaccination programme in children with mastocytosis raises many concerns among doctors and parents. Vaccinations are among the exogenous agents that may cause mast cell activation and release of biologically active substances, resulting in the exacerbation of mastocytosis symptoms and an increased risk of anaphylaxis. However, the incidence of adverse effects of vaccinations in children with different forms of mastocytosis is in fact comparable to or only slightly higher than in the general population, and vaccine-related events are usually mild and local. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding regarding vaccinations in children with mastocytosis both among general practitioners and parents. The aims of this paper are to outline the current state of knowledge on the safety of vaccinations in this group of patients, to promote knowledge related to vaccination in patients with mastocytosis, and to emphasise that mastocytosis is not a contraindication to vaccination.

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Nugroho, Setiyo Adi. "Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efikasi Diri Orang Tua untuk Vaksinasi Covid 19 pada Anak Usia 6-11 di SD Kabupaten Probolinggo". Jurnal Keperawatan Profesional 10, nr 2 (29.11.2022): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/jkp.v10i2.4920.

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Children are the future human capital asset of a country, so the Covid-19 pandemic that affects children must also be a concern, including the need for vaccinations for children. The government officially started vaccinating children aged 6-11 years on December 14 with a target number of around 26.5 million children. However, the success of Covid 19 vaccination in children must refer to the success of adult vaccination. Parents have an important role in children's Covid-19 vaccines, because the decision to vaccinate children lies with the parents. For this reason, parents must have high self-efficacy so that children can get Covid 19 vaccination. For this reason, parents must have high self-efficacy so that children can get Covid 19 vaccination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence parents' self-efficacy for Covid-19 vaccination in children aged 6-11 years. This research method is an analytical observational study with a quantitative approach. This research is a cross sectional study with a sample of 120 respondents. The sampling technique used is purpose sampling. Respondents in this study were parents in SD Probolinggo Regenc. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression test, it shows that there is a simultaneous influence between the independent variables consisting of X1 (individual belief) and X2 (attitude towards behavior) on Y (parental self-efficacy).

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Cheng, Linan, Jianhui Kong, Xiaofeng Xie, Li Zhang i Fengying Zhang. "Parents’ acceptance attitudes towards the vaccination of children based on M-LSGDM approach in China: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 14, nr 2 (luty 2024): e075297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075297.

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ObjectivesEnsuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsAn online survey including parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents’ decision-making.ResultsOf the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child’s susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children’s health were significant predictors (p<0.05).ConclusionsWhile most parents supported childhood vaccination, some opposed it. Addressing persistent barriers is crucial to ensure widespread vaccination and child well-being.

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Malanicheva, T. G., N. V. Ziatdinova, G. G. Gataullina i L. M. Mukhametzanova. "Evaluating clinical effectiveness and safety of pneumococcal immunization of infants". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, nr 17 (1.11.2023): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-361.

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According to WHO, pneumococcal infection (PI) is considered one of the most dangerous of all vaccine-preventable diseases and, before vaccination, led to the death of up to 1.6 million people per year, of which from 0.7 to 1 million were children. In the prevention of PI, specific prevention occupies a special place. For the first time in 2014, vaccination against PI with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. International practice of using pneumococcal vaccine has shown that timely vaccination can produce positive results in the fight against PI. Under observation were 55 children who were vaccinated against PI with the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed), 13 valent according to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that post-vaccination complications after vaccination did not occur in any child. General post-vaccination reactions were observed in the form of a short-term increase in temperature, loss of appetite and sleep disturbances, as well as local reactions in the form of edema, hyperemia, and hardening at the site of vaccine administration. We studied the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute otitis media and acute respiratory infections among 55 children of the first year of life vaccinated at 2 months and 4.5 months (main group) and 50 children for various reasons not vaccinated against PI (comparison group). A study of the long-term results of 2-fold vaccination in the first year of life and revaccination at 15 months against PV based on observation of children for two years showed that children of the main group, compared with the comparison group, were 3.3 times less likely to suffer from PV, 2.7 times acute otitis and 1.7 times acute respiratory infections, p < 0.05. The data obtained show the high efficiency and safety of vaccinating children against PI with the pneumococcal vaccine.

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Malchrzak, Wojciech, Mateusz Babicki, Dagmara Pokorna-Kałwak i Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas. "The Influence of Introducing Free Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the Uptake of Recommended Vaccination in Poland". Vaccines 11, nr 12 (11.12.2023): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121838.

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Since 2017, pneumococcal vaccination has evolved from a recommended chargeable vaccination to a mandatory, and therefore free, vaccination for all children. While a 10-valent vaccine is commonly used, parents have the option to use a 13-valent vaccine for a fee. This study aimed to investigate whether and how the introduction of free pneumococcal vaccination affected the uptake of recommended vaccination and to assess the association of chargeable pneumococcal vaccination with recommended vaccination. Data from 1595 vaccination record cards kept by six primary care clinics in urban and rural areas of Poland were collected and analyzed for children born between 2015 and 2018. Belonging to the clinic and the year of birth were the only inclusion criteria. Following the introduction of free universal pneumococcal vaccination, more children were vaccinated with the recommended vaccination (61.2% vs. 66.6%, p = 0.026). The most significant change was in vaccination against rotavirus (48.5% vs. 54.4%, p = 0.018) and against meningococcal B bacteria (4.8% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). Children who received chargeable pneumococcal vaccination were also significantly more likely to be vaccinated with recommended vaccines (54.6% vs. 75.9%, p < 0.001). In particular, this was the case for multivalent vaccinations—against rotavirus, chickenpox, and meningococcal C bacteria. Reducing the impact of the economic factor, for example, by introducing free vaccinations, should have a positive impact on the uptake of other recommended vaccinations.

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Pan, Fengming, Hongyu Zhao, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, Rugang Liu i Qingzhen Hou. "Parents’ Decisions to Vaccinate Children against COVID-19: A Scoping Review". Vaccines 9, nr 12 (14.12.2021): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121476.

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Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in sickness, hospitalizations, and deaths of the old and young and impacted global social and economy activities. Vaccination is one of the most important and efficient ways to protect against the COVID-19 virus. In a review of the literature on parents’ decisions to vaccinate their children, we found that widespread vaccination was hampered by vaccine hesitancy, especially for children who play an important role in the coronavirus transmission in both family and school. To analyze parent vaccination decision-making for children, our review of the literature on parent attitudes to vaccinating children, identified the objective and subjective influencing factors in their vaccination decision. We found that the median rate of parents vaccinating their children against COVID-19 was 59.3% (IQR 48.60~73.90%). The factors influencing parents’ attitudes towards child vaccination were heterogeneous, reflecting country-specific factors, but also displaying some similar trends across countries, such as the education level of parents. The leading reason in the child vaccination decision was to protect children, family and others; and the fear of side effects and safety was the most important reason in not vaccinating children. Our study informs government and health officials about appropriate vaccination policies and measures to improve the vaccination rate of children and makes specific recommendations on enhancing child vaccinate rates.

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Myers, Angela L., John Lantos, Lauren Douville i Mary Anne Jackson. "Healthcare Worker Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Influenza Immunization and Childhood Vaccination". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, nr 6 (czerwiec 2010): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652777.

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We surveyed healthcare workers (HCWs) about influenza vaccination and routine childhood vaccinations. We found that most HCWs' children received vaccinations, despite concerns regarding safety and efficacy. HCWs who received influenza vaccine were more likely to immunize their children against influenza, although a substantial proportion of HCWs' children did not receive influenza vaccination.

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Kelley, Catherine A., Cristine S. Velazco, Thomas V. Delaney, Adam Bensimhon, Kuang-Ning Huang, Paul R. Jarvis, Jonathan S. Jolin i in. "Factors contributing to suboptimal rates of childhood vaccinations in Vermont". Journal of Child Health Care 19, nr 4 (12.05.2014): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493514530955.

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Childhood immunizations are invaluable in preventing contagious diseases. Nonetheless, vaccines have become increasingly controversial with growing numbers of caregivers refusing to vaccinate their children. The percentage of fully vaccinated children in Vermont is one of the lowest nationally. This study set out to determine Vermont caregivers’ attitudes toward immunizations to better explain why the percentage of fully vaccinated children has fallen in Vermont. A survey regarding caregivers’ health care knowledge about children, their vaccination concerns, and their children’s vaccination status was sent to participants in the Vermont Women, Infants and Children’s Program from two districts. In total, 83% ( n = 379) of respondents reported their children received all recommended vaccinations for their age. Respondents who considered themselves highly knowledgeable regarding their children’s health care and confident about the safety of vaccinations were significantly associated with reporting their children as being current on vaccinations and with their intent to continue vaccinations. Respondents indicated highest concern regarding the safety and number of vaccinations administered during one visit. Primary care providers were indicated as important resources for addressing concerns about vaccinations and health care knowledge of children. The results help to understand low vaccination rates in Vermont and can be used for targeting health campaigns to improve vaccination rates.

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Zaidi, Syed Jaffar Abbas, Qaiser Ali Baig i Shahida Maqsood. "Should Children in Pakistan be vaccinated? Is there any Evidence?" Pakistan Journal of Public Health 11, nr 4 (25.04.2022): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v11i4.848.

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In Pakistan, where the vaccination rate is dismally low and where the huge population remains unvaccinated, vaccination in children might be considered a privilege and a luxury. But with several countries such as Canada, United States, China, Indonesia, and Israel forging ahead with vaccinating children and the United Kingdom slowly following their footsteps and with mounting evidence, it might not be prudent to keep children side-lined from vaccination in Pakistan. This paper presents some evidence for vaccination in children and highlights the need and urgency for vaccinating children in Pakistan. Clinical trials of Pfizer/NBiotech, Moderna and SinoVac’s CoronaVac has shown promising results and higher antibody titres in children as compared to adults. For herd immunity to be effective and to curb this pandemic, it is prudent to initiate vaccination in children in Pakistan at the earliest.

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Furman, Filip M., Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński, Mateusz Jankowski, Tomasz Baran, Łukasz Szumowski i Jarosław Pinkas. "The State of Vaccine Confidence in Poland: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 12 (24.06.2020): 4565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124565.

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Vaccination is considered as one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions. This study aimed to assess (1) the attitudes and behaviors towards mandatory childhood vaccination, with particular emphasis on socio-economic factors determining the vaccine confidence among adults in Poland as well as to (2) identify the potential impact of anti-vaccination movement on vaccination coverage among children and adolescents aged ≤19 years. This cross-sectional study was carried in 2019 on a nationwide, representative sample of 1079 individuals aged 18 and over in Poland (53.7% females). Most of the respondents (74.6%) agreed or strongly agreed that mandatory vaccinations are safe, and only 8% of participants neglected the safety of vaccines. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the lowest level of vaccine confidence was observed among participants aged 25–34 years (aOR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29–0.80; p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.35; p < 0.001) between trust in doctors and vaccine confidence. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trust in scientific knowledge and vaccine confidence (r = 0.19; p < 0.001). Also, a negative correlation (r = −0.13; p < 0.001) between trust in horoscopes and vaccine confidence was observed. Most of the parents declared (97.7%), that their children were vaccinated following the national immunization programme. However, 8.5% of parents who currently vaccinated their children declared that they would stop vaccinating children when vaccination obligation will be abolished. This study demonstrates relatively high confidence in mandatory vaccination among adults in Poland. While most of society trusts in vaccine safety, young adults are the least trustful of vaccinations.

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Han, Kaiyi, Zhiyuan Hou, Shiyi Tu, Qian Wang, Simeng Hu, Yuting Xing, Jing Du, Shujie Zang, Tracey Chantler i Heidi Larson. "Childhood Influenza Vaccination and Its Determinants during 2020–2021 Flu Seasons in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey". Vaccines 10, nr 12 (23.11.2022): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10121994.

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Young children aged 6–59 months are recommended as one of the priority groups for seasonal influenza vaccination in China. This study assessed influenza vaccination coverage and the factors associated with vaccination uptake among children in three Chinese provinces. In September 2021, 2081 caregivers with children <5 years completed self-administered questionnaires as part of a cross-sectional survey. Logistic regression was used to assess determinants of childhood influenza vaccination. A total of 43.63% of respondents reported vaccinating their children against influenza during the 2020–2021 flu season. Caregivers who lived in Anhui province, had a bachelor degree or above, and an annual household income <20,000 RMB were more likely to vaccinate their children against influenza. Confidence in the importance (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.77–3.54), safety (OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.29–1.99), and effectiveness (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.23–1.93) of influenza vaccine was significantly associated with childhood vaccine acceptance. Respondents who saw that other caregivers were vaccinating their children had significantly higher odds of vaccinating their own children. Caregivers’ receiving positive influence from healthcare workers (OR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.00–1.77), family members, or friends (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.14–1.49) were also significantly associated with childhood influenza vaccination. Poor access, including conflicts between caregivers’ availability and vaccination service schedules and inconvenient transportation to the vaccination site were negatively associated with childhood flu vaccination. To promote childhood influenza vaccination, public health information campaigns need to target wealthier and less educated caregivers to enhance caregivers’ confidence in influenza vaccination. Targeted interventions are also needed to optimize access to vaccination services, including extending vaccination service hours and increasing the number of vaccination sites close to residential areas. Interventions are also needed to encourage primary care providers to play a greater role in promoting vaccination. Finally, the dissemination of related information and the public response need to be monitored for the timely understanding of public perceptions.

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Luman, Elizabeth T., Mary Mason McCauley, Abigail Shefer i Susan Y. Chu. "Maternal Characteristics Associated With Vaccination of Young Children". Pediatrics 111, Supplement_1 (1.05.2003): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.s1.1215.

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Objective. Mothers can be instrumental in gaining access to vaccination services for their children. This study examines maternal characteristics associated with vaccination in US preschool children. Methods. We analyzed data from 21 212 children aged 19 to 35 months in the National Immunization Survey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify maternal characteristics associated with completion of all recommended vaccinations in these children. Results. Factors most strongly associated with undervaccination included having mothers who were black; had less than a high school education; were divorced, separated, or widowed; had multiple children; were eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) but not participating; or had incomes below 50% of the federal poverty level. Conclusion. Because most mothers play an important role in their children’s vaccination, it is important to address maternal concerns and barriers when developing public health interventions for promoting childhood vaccinations. Encouraging eligible women and their children to participate in the WIC program and providing support and encouragement for immunization to mothers with multiple children may improve early childhood vaccination coverage.

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Orzeł-Nowak, Anita, Natalia Bińkiewicz-Śmiałek, Lucyna Ścisło i Elżbieta Walewska. "Attitudes and knowledge of preschool children’s parents about preventive vaccinations". Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 14, nr 53 (30.12.2015): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12923/p21w-2015-4/58.

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Introduction. Despite being mandatory, the preventive vaccinations in Poland stir up numerous controversies and cause concern among parents, mostly because of potential medical complications after vaccinations. Because of the favourable epidemiological situation more and more parents are not confident whether preventive vaccinations for children are still necessary. On the other hand, scientists are warning against the recurrence of infectious diseases that have been controlled through vaccination. The ongoing discussion whether to vaccinate or not, leaves parents in dismay. On the one hand, this situation makes some parents give up vaccinating their children, on the other, promotes education and conscious decision-making processes. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe the level of the knowledge, experience and the opinion of parents of children of preschool age in the area of protective vaccination. The results can be used as educational material. Material and Methodology. The study included 102 parents of preschool children. Diagnostic survey method was applied in the research, using the author’s questionnaire. Results. Less than half of respondents (48%) knows the optimal age at which a person should be vaccinated against tuberculosis, more than half (56.9%) knows when to provide the first dose of the Polio vaccine. Approximately half of the respondents (51%) knows the diseases (measles, mumps and rubella) against which the MMR vaccine protects. The respondents know additional immunization program (82.4%). They also know such terms as the combined vaccine (90.2%) and postvaccination reaction (69.8%). The fear of vaccination was reported by approximately 5% of respondents (definitely yes). Some parents (31.7%) do not notice any concern against vaccinations, the remaining ones are worried about possible complications (30.7%), an allergic reaction and the fear of a needle prick. Parents with university education report more doubts and fears. According to 36.6% of respondents, parents should take the decision on their child vaccination, but only 6.9% have sufficient knowledge on this topic. The surveyed people who are definitely against punishment of parents who do not vaccinate children account for 19.6%. Among all of the surveyed, only one person admitted that his/her child was not vaccinated and this was his/her personal choice. The respondents benefit from recommended vaccinations (49%), mostly against rotavirus. Most of the surveyed people (69%) would vaccinate their children with recommended vaccines if they were free of charge. Conclusion. Analysis of the studies shows that parents of preschool children have an average level of knowledge about immunizations. Most respondents think that the number and the kind of mandatory vaccinations are correct. More than half of respondents believes that vaccinations of children do not endanger their lives and health. The vast majority of parents do not observe in their children the side effects after vaccination.

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Laue, Tobias, Elisabeth Oms, Johanna Ohlendorf i Ulrich Baumann. "Long-Term Varicella Zoster Virus Immunity in Paediatric Liver Transplant Patients Can Be Achieved by Booster Vaccinations—A Single-Centre, Retrospective, Observational Analysis". Children 9, nr 2 (19.01.2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9020130.

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Varicella is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infections after paediatric solid organ transplantation; thus, vaccination offers simple and cheap protection. However, children with liver disease often progress to liver transplantation (LT) before they reach the recommended vaccination age. As a live vaccine, varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccination after transplantation is controversial; however, many case series demonstrate that vaccination may be safe and effective in paediatric liver transplant recipients. Only limited data exists describing long-term vaccination response in such immunocompromised patients. We investigated retrospectively vaccination response in paediatric patients before and after transplantation and describe long-term immunity over ten years, including the influence of booster-vaccinations. In this retrospective, single-centre study, 458 LT recipients were analysed between September 2004 and June 2021. Of these, 53 were re-transplantations. Patients with no available vaccination records and with a history of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and clinical chickenpox were excluded from this analysis (n = 198). In total, data on 207 children with a median annual follow-up of 6.2 years was available: 95 patients (45.9%) were unvaccinated prior to LT. Compared to healthy children, the response to vaccination, measured by seroconversion, is weaker in children with liver disease: almost 70% after one vaccination and 93% after two vaccinations. One year after transplantation, the mean titres and the number of children with protective antibody levels (VZV IgG ≥ 50 IU/L) decreased from 77.5% to 41.3%. Neither diagnosis, gender, nor age were predictors of vaccination response. Booster-vaccination was recommended for children after seroreversion using annual titre measurements and led to a significant increase in mean titre and number of protected children. Response to vaccination shows no difference from monotherapy with a calcineurin inhibitor to intensified immunosuppression by adding prednisolone or mycophenolate mofetil. Children with liver disease show weaker seroconversion rates to VZV vaccination compared to healthy children. Therefore, VZV-naïve children should receive basic immunization with two vaccine doses as well as those vaccinated only once before transplantation. An average of 2–3 vaccine doses are required in order to achieve a long-term seroconversion and protective antibody levels in 95% of children.

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Zakhour, Ramia, Hani Tamim, Farah Faytrouni, Joanne Khoury, Maha Makki i Lama Charafeddine. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of influenza vaccination among Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (14.10.2021): e0258258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258258.

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Background A growing number of parents refuse vaccination due to concerns about side effects. Influenza vaccine is no exception and remains one of the most controversial vaccines. Data regarding influenza vaccine uptake and parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards vaccination in the Lebanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of vaccination refusal and potential associated factors among Lebanese parents of school-aged children, in general and with a focus on influenza vaccine. Methods A parent questionnaire was distributed in randomly selected 2 public and 2 private schools from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017–2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude (including themes of efficacy, hesitancy and trust), and practice of vaccination in general and influenza vaccine in particular. Results The response rate was 76.5% (306/400). Overall, 29.4% parents reported vaccinating their children against influenza (62.2% in private and 37.7% in public schools). Younger age, paternal employment and higher household income were associated with higher vaccination rates (p = 0.01, 0.02 and <0.0001 respectively). Lack of vaccine recommendation by the physician was the most common reason for not taking it (47%). Parents who accepted influenza vaccination had higher scores in efficacy, hesitancy and trust and were more compliant with other vaccinations. Conclusion One third of parents of school aged children in the greater Beirut area vaccinate their children against influenza. This rate is likely lower in rural remote areas. Physician’s recommendation is the single most important predictor of such vaccination. Future studies tackling physicians’ attitude and practice are needed to help improve influenza vaccination rates in the Lebanese population.

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Zakhour, Ramia, Hani Tamim, Farah Faytrouni, Joanne Khoury, Maha Makki i Lama Charafeddine. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of influenza vaccination among Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (14.10.2021): e0258258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258258.

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Background A growing number of parents refuse vaccination due to concerns about side effects. Influenza vaccine is no exception and remains one of the most controversial vaccines. Data regarding influenza vaccine uptake and parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards vaccination in the Lebanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of vaccination refusal and potential associated factors among Lebanese parents of school-aged children, in general and with a focus on influenza vaccine. Methods A parent questionnaire was distributed in randomly selected 2 public and 2 private schools from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017–2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude (including themes of efficacy, hesitancy and trust), and practice of vaccination in general and influenza vaccine in particular. Results The response rate was 76.5% (306/400). Overall, 29.4% parents reported vaccinating their children against influenza (62.2% in private and 37.7% in public schools). Younger age, paternal employment and higher household income were associated with higher vaccination rates (p = 0.01, 0.02 and <0.0001 respectively). Lack of vaccine recommendation by the physician was the most common reason for not taking it (47%). Parents who accepted influenza vaccination had higher scores in efficacy, hesitancy and trust and were more compliant with other vaccinations. Conclusion One third of parents of school aged children in the greater Beirut area vaccinate their children against influenza. This rate is likely lower in rural remote areas. Physician’s recommendation is the single most important predictor of such vaccination. Future studies tackling physicians’ attitude and practice are needed to help improve influenza vaccination rates in the Lebanese population.

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Kukarkina, Vera A., Alla A. Golubkova i Anzhelika S. Podymova. "Modern practices of immunizing children exposed to HIV and HIV-infected". Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 97, nr 4 (2.09.2020): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-4-10.

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The purpose of the study is to adjust the tactics of immunization of children exposed to HIV and HIV-infected people on the basis of studying modern vaccination practices within the framework of the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations (NCPV).Materials and methods. According to the information in the patient's outpatient card, the card of preventive vaccinations and the history of the child's development, the completeness and timeliness of immunization of 216 children exposed to HIV and 198 HIV-infected children were analyzed. The control group consisted of 100 children born to mothers with negative HIV status. In order to study adherence to vaccines, a survey was conducted among 160 parents of children registered in the dispensary for HIV infection.Results. It was established that, despite the delayed immunization, the coverage of vaccination against the major infections from NCPV among children ranged from 94.4% to 97.5%. The greatest difficulties in the implementation of the NCPV arose when immunizing children under 2 years of age. The “missed opportunities” during immunization subsequently led to a violation of the calendar terms of vaccinations and their implementation at an older age. The number of “missed vaccinations” in the study cohort did not exceed the criteria recommended by WHO (10%) and amounted to 5.8% for certain types of vaccines (DTP and polio).The proportion of children vaccinated against tuberculosis in the maternity hospital in the HIV-exposed group was 2 times less compared to the control group, however, there were no differences in the incidence of vaccine induced allergy.During the vaccination of children with HIV on the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the number of CD4 lymphocytes corresponded to the parameters of the age norm. Compared to baseline data, no changes in the immune status of vaccinees were recorded.Organizational omissions in immunizing children with HIV infection were the use of live polio vaccine, a 3-dose vaccination schedule against viral hepatitis B in children at risk, and vaccination against tuberculosis in the absence of a three-stage chemoprevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.When assessing parental vaccine adherence, it was found that 85% of respondents considered vaccination necessary for the prevention of infectious diseases, 11.3% found it difficult to answer, due to the possible risk of vaccine reactions and the lack of guaranteed protection, and 3.8% were against vaccination, citing own opinion.The most authoritative source of information for most respondents, both positive for vaccination and those who doubted its need, was medical workers (98.5 and 72.7%, respectively). In 33.3% of those who are negatively related to vaccines, health workers were also a source of information.Conclusion. The analysis of the completeness and timeliness of vaccinations in a cohort of HIV-infected and exposed to HIV revealed the most problematic issues regarding vaccinations within the time periods regulated by the NCPV. Children with HIV infection who have the 1st category of immune disorders on the background of HAART are subject to vaccination in the framework of the National calendar of vaccinations to full extent. The use of combined vaccines will make it possible to reduce the manipulation load in this cohort, overcome the identified inconsistencies and optimize the vaccination calendar.

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Benissa, Ruwaida Taher, i Hamza Abdullah Othman Khalifa. "Immunization: Administering and Advising on Vaccination Schedules to Protect Against Various Diseases, Including Routine Childhood Vaccinations and Travel Vaccines". Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 12, nr 05 (24.06.2024): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2024.v12i05.002.

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Vaccination is a very important health issue on the global level as it is an effective measure to prevent diseases. Pediatricians are required to vaccinate children. As an illustration, heed the vaccination schedule recommended by the CDC, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians, and shield high-risk children from illnesses that can be prevented by vaccination. Single-shot, slow-acting vaccinations immunize the children gradually. Two shots of the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are administered to children 12 months of age and up. Taken together, vaccination lowers disease incidence and mortality rates and it should be recommended for all children without any limitations.

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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, i Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children". Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, nr 8 (296) (30.08.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/2021.2.15.

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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences. Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences. Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar. Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money. Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.

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Jokubauskaitė, Greta, i Nijolė Galdikienė. "Assessment of Reasons of Parents' Refusal to Vaccinate Their Children". Slauga. Mokslas ir praktika 2, nr 8 (296) (30.08.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47458/slauga.2021.2.15.

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Abstract. Parents who do not have enough knowledge and scientifically based information about vaccines, their benefits and harms lead to the wrong approach to vaccination, they are beginning to question the usefulness of vaccines and it is necessary and completely refusing to vaccinate children so that there could be possible consequences. Research aim. To evaluate the reasons for parents refusing to vaccinate their children and possible consequences. Research methods. The study was performed using a quantitative descriptive research method. The study participants were parents (n = 394) who refused to vaccinate their children with at least one vaccine from the recommended pediatric preventive vaccination calendar. Results. The results of the study revealed that parents are aware of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases, but only a third agree that preventive vaccinations are the main way to protect against infectious diseases. Usually, parents do not vaccinate their child for fear of vaccine complications; through an intensive vaccination calendar; due to excessive components in vaccines; because the child's immunity in the event of an infectious disease is better than that acquired after vaccination; vaccinations can cause certain additional diseases and parents believe that vaccines are a way for companies to make money. Conclusions. False information about the safety of vaccines in the media and on the Internet has a major influence on parents' decision to vaccinate their children. Due to insufficient information available and the wrong attitude about vaccination parents tend not to trust the benefits of vaccination. The main reasons why parents refuse to vaccinate their children are fears about vaccine complications and side effects, an over-intensive vaccination schedule, and the amount and impact of vaccine ingredients.

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Alkoshi, Salem. "COVERAGE RATES OF ROUTINE VACCINATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL REASONS OF LOW COVERAGE FOR LIBYAN CHILDREN IN 2017: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY". مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 3, nr 2 (30.12.2018): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v3i2.1619.

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Background: Vaccinations are still important weapon in modern prevention programs. Limited studies were conducted to assess the childhood vaccination program in Libya. The study aimed to document the coverage rates of routine vaccinations and factors associated with low coverage rate in north-western region of Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was prospectively carried out to calculate the coverage rates of routine vaccinations for children aged from the birth to 18 months in Libya. The data were collected from vaccination cards of children who were seeking the vaccine at four public vaccination centers in big three cities located in north-western region of Libya. The data collected during the period from 11 Dec 2017 to 17 Mar 2018 from the vaccination centers. The centers were visited in 44 times for data collection using a questionnaire during the business days. Results: The study checked the vaccination cards of 916 children during the routine vaccination visit at the vaccination centers. Coverage rates of most vaccinations were high (more than 90%). The low coverage rates were found in rotavirus vaccine in second and third doses, 81.3% and 72.2% respectively as well as penta vaccine had a low coverage rate (69.4%). The timeliness of vaccination appointments was irregular in 64.2%. The major reasons of vaccination appointment delay were busy, no vaccine available and careless Conclusion: National childhood vaccination program is still in good performance. The regular supply of the vaccines and strengthen the parent's awareness for vaccination importance should be taken in the consideration to keep the program in good quality of service for high level of the immunity against vaccine preventable diseases.

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Telnov, A. S., i S. L. Reshmidilova. "MARKETING ASPECTS OF VACCINATION MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF STATE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SUPPORT". Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 13, nr 25 (2023): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2023-13-25-147-156.

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The article analyzes the marketing aspects of the population's attitude to vaccination medical services based on a nationwide survey of respondents. The article analyzes the dynamics of the Ukrainian population's attitude to vaccination based on surveys of respondents in 2016-2020. It was revealed that during this period the share of the population expressing a positive attitude towards vaccination increased. At the same time, there is a positive trend of a decrease in the share of the population that expressed a negative attitude to vaccination, as well as some growth in the category of the population that had a neutral attitude to vaccination. In the process of the research, it was established that an important positive shift in the issue of vaccination of the adult population and children is a decrease among respondents who oppose vaccination in Ukraine, where their share in 2020 decreased to 8.2 percent compared to previous periods. A marketing analysis of respondents who have children in the household and an assessment of their attitude to vaccination in the regions of Ukraine in 2020 was carried out. The percentage of respondents who had the experience of refusing vaccinations for a child was characterized and divided by region (among those who had children under 18 years of age in the household and information about their health status) in 2020. The authors investigated the main reasons for respondents' refusal to receive vaccinations for children in 2018–2020. It was found that one of the main reasons for refusing vaccination was that parents were afraid of complications from the vaccine and that the child was sick during the period when it was necessary to vaccinate children. It is summarized that the implementation of communication and information policy is an important component of immunoprophylaxis for both the adult population and children, which will prevent the outbreak of many types of infectious diseases in the future. Key words: marketing, medical services, population's attitude to vaccination, refusal of vaccinations, communication and information policy of the state, attitudes of respondents.

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Łoś-Rycharska, Ewa, Paulina Marczyńska, Maria Popielarz, Joanna Wolska, Ola Sobieska-Poszwa, Emilia Rynkowska, Inga Dziembowska i Aneta Krogulska. "Implementation of prophylactic vaccinations in children from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship". Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 18, nr 4 (31.03.2023): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2022.0054.

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Introduction: Protective vaccinations are an important element of health prophylaxis. Their implementation depends on the parents’ attitudes and their socio-economic situation. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the implementation of vaccinations in children in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian region. Materials and methods: The study included 278 parents of children hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz. A self-made questionnaire concerning the implementation of compulsory and recommended vaccinations depending on demographical factors and two standardised psychological scales (the Plopa Parental Attitude Scale and the STAI – State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Results: 93.53% of respondents consider vaccinations necessary. 96.40% of children were vaccinated according to the vaccination schedule. In 3.24%, compulsory vaccination was abandoned at least once, and the vaccination schedule was modified for 67.99% of children. Recommended vaccinations were provided by 47.12% of children, more often from cities, parents with higher education and income and less often with at least three children. Most parents (57.19%) look for information about vaccinations, most often from a doctor and the Internet, less often from posters, leaflets, magazines, and least often from friends and the media. Mothers who are looking for information about vaccination from Internet have lower level of anxiety. Conclusions: The majority of the society implements compulsory vaccinations, and less than half of them are recommended. The implementation is influenced by the financial situation and education of parents. There is a need for individualised education of the society, depending on the social group of recipients.

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Panameno, Michael, Luisa R. Blanco, Ann Marie Hernandez, Renato Escobar, Brittney Zendejas, Susana Rafaela i Yelba M. Castellon-Lopez. "Using Digital Technology to Build COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence: A Qualitative Study among Latinx Parents of Children Aged 5–11 in Under-Resourced Communities across Los Angeles County". Vaccines 11, nr 6 (30.05.2023): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061042.

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Background: Latinx school-aged children are more than twice as likely to be infected with and die from COVID-19 as non-Latinx White children in Los Angeles. Although COVID-19 vaccination has the potential to mitigate health disparities exacerbated by the pandemic, vaccination uptake among Latinx children remains limited. MiVacunaLA (MVLA) is a mobile-phone-delivered digital intervention that improved vaccination rates in 12- to 17-year-old Latinx children and parental intention to vaccinate 2- to 11-year-old children. Since piloting MVLA, the COVID-19 vaccine became available to children aged 5–11. We sought to understand parental experiences with the MVLA intervention and their attitudes and beliefs about vaccinating their young children to improve vaccination confidence in the Latinx community. Methods: We conducted six virtual focus groups with 47 parents/caregivers of children aged 5–11 who participated in the MVLA intervention. We used standard qualitative content analysis methods and rigid and accelerated data reduction to identify and analyze major themes discussed in the sessions. Results: Each salient theme from our focus groups was mapped to one of the 5Cs constructs. The themes included the parents’ need for more contemplation about vaccinating their children than about vaccinating themselves; the parents’ need for trusted sources of vaccine information; the parents’ motivations to vaccinate their children against COVID-19; parental concern about short- and long-term effects of the vaccine in children; digital technology and videos as useful engagement tools; and age and health stratification as an approach to parental vaccination decision-making. Conclusions: The results of this study clarify the key factors that influence the decision of Latinx parents and caregivers to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Our findings can inform efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates among children in underserved Latinx communities, especially regarding the use of digital technologies for promoting vaccine confidence.

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Vitebskaya, Alisa V., Alexander B. Malahov i Alexey Y. Rtishchev. "Vaccination and diabetes mellitus type 1 in children". Diabetes mellitus 21, nr 5 (17.12.2018): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm9345.

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Influence of vaccination on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) has been studied by different researchers for several decades. In rodents, vaccination can prevent development of DM1. This review summarises existing literature and discusses the results of a 2016 meta-analysis, pertaining to vaccination and DM1. No vaccines appear to increase the risk of DM1. Additional investigations are needed to determine if vaccines can be considered protective against DM1. Patients with DM1 are at increased risk of morbidities from controllable infections. Children with DM1 should receive regularly-scheduled vaccinations; choice of vaccines and inoculation with non-regular vaccines should be determined on an individual basis. We present basic principles surrounding vaccination in patients with DM1 and analyse the role of the paediatric endocrinologist in increasing vaccination uptake in children with DM1.

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Pérez Martín, Jaime Jesús, Matilde Zornoza Moreno, Francisca Isabel Tornel Miñarro, María Cruz Gómez Moreno, María del Carmen Valcárcel Gómez i Marta Pérez Martínez. "Influenza Vaccination in Children Younger than 5 Years in the Region of Murcia (Spain), a Comparative Analysis among Vaccinating and Non-Vaccinating Parents: Data from the FLUTETRA Study". Vaccines 12, nr 2 (13.02.2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020192.

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The high burden of influenza in children has driven numerous countries towards universal vaccination of healthy children from 6 to 59 months of age. The Region of Murcia was one of the pioneer Spanish regions to conduct a universal vaccination campaign and to use live-attenuated intranasal vaccine (LAIV) if age appropriate. This study aims to evaluate the parents’ likeliness to vaccinate their children and to compare the profile of vaccinating/non-vaccinating parents. This study was designed as a prospective, real-world, survey-based data collection in the 2022–2023 season campaign. This study’s sample was selected from those children whose information was available in the local Public Health System databases PERSAN and VACUSAN. Children received LAIV or intramuscular vaccine (IIV) depending on their age as per standard practice. The parent self-vaccination/intention to vaccinate themselves in this campaign (OR = 4.75), the compliance with the official vaccination schedule (OR = 3.41), and the prescription of antibiotics more than twice in the previous year (OR = 2.24) were strongly associated with children’s vaccination. Overall, vaccinating parents were very satisfied with the vaccine (IIV: 67.5% vs. LAIV: 68.8%, p = 0.320), and most parents would rather have their children vaccinated with LAIV for the next campaign (43.0%). The main reasons for vaccinating were to protect the child (LAIV: 85.9% vs. IIV: 89.4%), and the predominant reasons for not vaccinating were a lack of healthcare professional recommendation (30.9%), and lack of information about the vaccination campaign (21.5%) and the vaccine itself (21.0%). The clinical context of parents and children was determinant in decision making, which was also influenced by the presence or absence of recommendation by healthcare professionals. Parents were generally very satisfied with the vaccine and showed their preference towards LAIV for future campaigns.

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Melnyk, Ganna, Andriy Volianskyi i Maiia Smilianska. "THE PROBLEM OF POST-VACCINATION IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS". Grail of Science, nr 25 (31.03.2023): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.17.03.2023.086.

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The category of children with health disorders occupies a special place in the problem of vaccination of the population and the creation of long-term strained immunity to current infections. These are children with allergic, oncological diseases, central nervous system pathology, autoimmune disorders, systemic diseases of connective and supporting tissue, and chronic infectious diseases. Among these children, a special place is occupied by children who are sick often and for a long time. In these patients, the individual scheduled vaccination schedule is often disrupted due to repeated respiratory infections. Often, paediatricians give such children unreasonably long withdrawal from vaccinations due to fear of developing post-vaccination complications in them. In addition, in many cases, vaccination is not carried out, mistakenly believing that vaccination will still be ineffective, since the child's body, which is often sick, is not capable of an adequate immune response.

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Lewandowska, Anna, Tomasz Lewandowski, Grzegorz Rudzki, Sławomir Rudzki i Barbara Laskowska. "Opinions and Knowledge of Parents Regarding Preventive Vaccinations of Children and Causes of Reluctance toward Preventive Vaccinations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 10 (24.05.2020): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103694.

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Background: Despite the stability of global vaccination coverage, over 19 million children worldwide do not currently receive basic vaccines. Over the past several years, there has been a dramatic drop in the number of vaccinated children worldwide. The implementation of the vaccination program and the scope of protection depend on the parents or legal guardians, who decide whether to vaccinate their child or not. Studies were conducted to assess parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines, as well as the role of healthcare providers in parents’ decisions. Methods: A population survey was conducted in 2018–2019. Parents or legal guardians of the children were invited to participate in the study during their visits to the clinic for healthy or sick children. The method used in the research was a diagnostic survey. Results: According to the conducted research, men and women constituted 45% and 55% of participants, respectively. The average age of men was 44, while, for women, it was 41. Internal research showed that as much as 71% of parents declared the need for vaccination, although 41% of parents vaccinated their children according to the vaccination calendar. The most frequently mentioned concerns included the possibility of adverse vaccination reactions (22%), the occurrence of autism (7%), and child death (6%). General practitioners had, by far, the greatest impact on the use of protective vaccination in children (73% women and 80% men), although there were cases of discouraging the performance of compulsory vaccinations (41%), and mentioning a doctor (38%) or nurse (3%). Conclusions: Modifiable determinants of the negative attitude toward vaccinations are caused mainly by the lack of knowledge. These obstacles in vaccinations can be overcome by improving health education in terms of the vaccination program.

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Ganczak, Maria, Paweł Kalinowski, Oskar Pasek, Łukasz Duda-Duma, Ewa Sobieraj, Jakub Goławski, Daniel Biesiada i in. "Health System Barriers to Child Mandatory and Optional Vaccination among Ukrainian Migrants in Poland in the Context of MMR and HPV Vaccines—A Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 1 (30.12.2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010712.

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Background Migrants’ access to healthcare services is limited. This study aimed to identify health system barriers to vaccination, specifically HPV/MMR vaccination among children in Ukrainian economic migrants (UMs). Methods Between December 2021–March 2022, a qualitative study of UMs living in Poland was conducted. Six focus groups were held with 53 UMs aged 15–45; in-depth interviews with 12 healthcare workers (HCWs) were also performed. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the six WHO health system building blocks. Results HCWs described gaps in integrating migrant status in accessible healthcare data which impeded active management of vaccination procedures. UMs reported that the digitization of healthcare services, intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced their access to primary care. Inadequate health information systems caused problems with the provision of credible vaccine information in translated forms, and language difficulties, experienced by both UMs and HCWs; this was enhanced by a lack of professional interpreting services. Although most UMs reported vaccinating children according to the Polish schedule, the variations in schedules across countries caused concern among UMs and increased HCWs’ uncertainty about how to interpret vaccination cards, particularly in the context of possible false certificates. UMs were affected by discrimination through HCWs. HPV was deprioritized by UMs due to misconceptions about non-mandatory vaccinations; the cost was also a barrier. Conclusions The study findings have implications for migrant vaccination delivery targeting children in Poland, and other UMs receiving countries. A concerted effort is required to improve UM’s awareness of the significance of vaccinations. Barriers to healthcare access must be recognized by policymakers. Importantly, removing the cost barrier may increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine among Ukrainian migrant adolescents.

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Reczulska, Aneta, Aneta Tomaszewska i Filip Raciborski. "Level of Acceptance of Mandatory Vaccination and Legal Sanctions for Refusing Mandatory Vaccination of Children". Vaccines 10, nr 5 (20.05.2022): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050811.

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A preventive vaccination program is in operation in Poland. There are mandatory vaccinations for Polish residents under the age of 19 years. The law provides for financial penalties for parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes of Polish residents aged 15–39 years to mandatory preventive vaccination and the level of acceptance for legal and financial sanctions for refusing mandatory vaccination of children. Materials and Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire-based study of a representative sample of 1560 residents of Poland aged 15–39 years. Data was collected in the fourth quarter of 2021. Results: In the study group, 51.5% of the respondents believed that preventive vaccination should be mandatory, and parents should have the right to decide only about additional vaccinations. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression) revealed a significant association between acceptance of mandatory vaccination and the following factors: positive COVID-19 vaccination status, self-declared religiosity, and having children. Of the 1560 respondents, 25.3% declared support for legal or financial sanctions for those refusing to vaccinate their children. In this group (n = 394), the highest percentage of respondents (59.4%) supported sanctions in the form of refusal to admit an unvaccinated child to a nursery or kindergarten. Conclusions: Despite preventive (mandatory) vaccination programs having been in operation in Poland since the 1960′s, only a little over 50% of adolescent Poles and young adults accept the vaccine mandate. Only 25% of this group declare their support for sanctions for refusing mandatory vaccination of children.

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Berg, Anne T. "Seizure Risk with Vaccination". Epilepsy Currents 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2002.00002.x.

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The Risk of Seizures After Receipt of Whole-Cell Pertussis or Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Barlow WE, Davis RL, Glasser JW, Rhodes PH, Thompson RS, Mullooly JP, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Ward JI, Marcy SM, DeStefano F, Chen RT, Immanuel V, Pearson JA, Vadheim CM, Rebolledo V, Christakis D, Benson PJ, Lewis N N Engl J Med 2001;345:656–661 Background The administration of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been associated with adverse neurologic events, including seizures. We studied the relation between these vaccinations and the risk of a first seizure, subsequent seizures, and neurodevelopmental disability in children. Methods This cohort study was conducted at four large health maintenance organizations and included reviews of the medical records of children with seizures. We calculated the relative risks of febrile and nonfebrile seizures among 679,942 children after 340,386 vaccinations with DTP vaccine, 137,457 vaccinations with MMR vaccine, or no recent vaccination. Children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were followed to identify the risk of subsequent seizures and other neurologic disabilities. Results Receipt of DTP vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures only on the day of vaccination (adjusted relative risk, 5.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.98 to 16.42). Receipt of MMR vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures 8 to 14 days after vaccination (relative risk, 2.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 5.55). Neither vaccination was associated with an increased risk of nonfebrile seizures. Analyses of automated data alone gave results similar to the analyses of the data from medical-record reviews. The number of febrile seizures attributable to the administration of DTP and MMR vaccines was estimated to be 6 to 9 and 25 to 34 per 100,000 children, respectively. As compared with other children with febrile seizures that were not associated with vaccination, the children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were not found to be at higher risk for subsequent seizures or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Conclusions There are significantly elevated risks of febrile seizures on the day of receipt of DTP vaccine and 8 to 14 days after the receipt of MMR vaccine, but these risks do not appear to be associated with any long-term, adverse consequences.

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Duncan, Leah, David Baalmann, Colleen Loo-Gross, Jared Regehr, Francis Martin, Ronan Mcghie, Kevin McKaughan i Samuel Ofei-Dodoo. "Factors Affecting Parental Intent to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the United States". Kansas Journal of Medicine 17, nr 3 (4.06.2024): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol17.21895.

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Introduction. The topic of childhood vaccinations has become increasingly contentious, sparking debate and challenging decisions for parents, study aimed to explore the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination plans for parents of unvaccinated children and identify the most common reasons for not vaccinating children against COVID-19 in the United States. Methods. Authors analyzed data from Phase 3.7, Week 53 of the United States Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (N = 68,504), collected from January 4 to January 16, 2023. Standard descriptive statistics and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to analyze the data. Results. The top three reasons given for vaccine hesitancy were concerns about side effects, not trusting the vaccine, and children in the household not members of a high-risk group. Nearly 87% (n = 59,363) of respondents reported having received a COVID-19 vaccination, these respondents were more likely to vaccinate their children in all three age ranges studied. Participants with higher levels of education (bachelor’s degree or higher) were also more likely to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. (≤ associate degree; aOR = 5.79; 95% CI, 5.43 to 6.17; P <.001). Conclusions. Insights from this study provide a deeper understanding of parents' decision-making processes regarding COVID-19 vaccination for their children. Educational programs tailored to the factors identified in this study could potentially enhance vaccine acceptance among children and adolescents.

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Laue, Tobias, Norman Junge, Christoph Leiskau, Frauke Mutschler, Johanna Ohlendorf i Ulrich Baumann. "Diminished measles immunity after paediatric liver transplantation—A retrospective, single-centre, cross-sectional analysis". PLOS ONE 19, nr 2 (5.02.2024): e0296653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296653.

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Liver transplantation in childhood has an excellent long-term outcome, but is associated with a long-term risk of infection. Measles is a vaccine-preventable infection, with case series describing severe courses with graft rejection, mechanical ventilation and even death in liver transplant recipients. Since about 30% of liver transplanted children receive liver transplants in their first year of life, not all have reached the recommended age for live vaccinations. On the contrary, live vaccines are contraindicated after transplantation. In addition, vaccination response is poorer in individuals with liver disease compared to healthy children. This retrospective, single-centre, cross-sectional study examines measles immunity in paediatric liver transplant recipients before and after transplantation. Vaccination records of 239 patients, followed up at Hannover Medical School between January 2021 and December 2022 were analysed. Twenty eight children were excluded due to stem cell transplantation, regular immunoglobulin substitution or measles vaccination after transplantation. More than 55% of all 211 children analysed and 75% of all those vaccinated at least once are measles seropositive after transplantation—48% after one and 84% after two vaccinations—which is less than in healthy individuals. Interestingly, 26% of unvaccinated children also showed measles antibodies and about 5–15% of vaccinated patients who were seronegative at the time of transplantation were seropositive afterwards, both possibly through infection. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, the number of vaccinations (HR 4.30 [95% CI 2.09–8.83], p<0.001), seropositivity before transplantation (HR 2.38 [95% CI 1.07–5.30], p = 0.034) and higher age at time of first vaccination (HR 11.5 [95% CI 6.92–19.1], p<0.001) are independently associated with measles immunity after transplantation. In contrast, older age at testing is inversely associated (HR 0.09 [95% CI 0.06–0.15], p<0.001), indicating a loss of immunity. Vaccination in the first year of life does not pose a risk of non-immunity. The underlying liver disease influences the level of measles titres of twice-vaccinated patients; those with acute liver failure being the lowest compared to children with metabolic disease. In summary, vaccine response is poorer in children with liver disease. Liver transplant candidates should be vaccinated before transplantation even if this is earlier in the first year of life. Checking measles IgG and re-vaccinating seronegative patients may help to achieve immunity after transplantation.

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Meyers, Rachel, JoEllen Weilnau, Amy Holmes i Jennifer E. Girotto. "Position Paper". Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23, nr 4 (1.07.2018): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.4.343.

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Vaccination rates of children in the United States remain below the target coverage levels identified in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Given the success of pharmacists in providing adult vaccinations and the accessibility of pharmacists to the public, expanding pharmacists' authority to vaccinate children may improve vaccination rates of children, particularly in key disease states. This article serves as a Position Statement of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG), who supports the expansion of pharmacists' authority to vaccinate children. PPAG also believes that increased use of state vaccination registries by pharmacists will help improve communication and documentation of vaccines between providers. PPAG also recommends that continued education and maintaining current knowledge of vaccines and vaccine schedules are vital for pharmacist immunizers. Finally, PPAG believes that pharmacists should be advocates for childhood vaccinations.

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Kharseeva, G. G., M. P. Kostinov, E. N. Simovanyan, A. A. Alieva, M. A. Kim, V. A. Chaikina, A. V. Chepusova i O. I. Sylka. "Clinical and microbiological characteristics of the duration of respiratory infections in children with different vaccination history". Infekcionnye bolezni 21, nr 3 (2023): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2023-3-64-70.

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Objective. To determine the clinical and microbiological features of the duration of respiratory infections in children with different vaccination history. Patients and methods. Children (106 people) with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract were examined, 64 of them were vaccinated in accordance, 42 people were vaccinated with deviations from the National schedule of vaccinations. The oropharyngeal discharge and saliva were examined in PCR to detect RNA and DNA of viral and bacterial pathogens. We used test systems produced by the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Rospotrebnadzor and “Vector-Best”. Results. It was found that the number of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections among vaccinated with deviations from the vaccination schedule and unvaccinated (59.5 ± 7.6%) is 2 times higher (p ≤ 0.01) than among vaccinated (28.1 ± 5.6%). No concomitant clinical syndromes were detected in 68.8 ± 5.8% of vaccinated children, which significantly (p ≤ 0.001) differed from a similar indicator (35.7 ± 7.4%) in children with impaired vaccination schedule and unvaccinated. Differences in the frequency of occurrence of pathogen genomes were found among pathogens of viral infections only with respect to representatives of the Herpesviridae, whose DNA was more often detected in children with the disrupted vaccination schedule and unvaccinated (p < 0.05). DNA of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. more often (p < 0.05) was detected in children with violations of the vaccination schedule and unvaccinated (30.1 ± 7.0%), and more often in association with herpesviruses. Conclusion. The presented data indicate an important stimulating effect on the children's body of vaccines included in the National schedule of Vaccinations. This indicates the need for vaccination of children, especially with recurrent respiratory diseases and an unfavorable premorbid background. Key words: viral and bacterial pathogens, children, vaccination history, respiratory infections

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Vanyarkina, A. S., A. G. Petrova, T. A. Bayanova, E. D. Kazantseva, O. A. Krivolapova, O. V. Bugun i A. S. Stankevich. "Preventive vaccination in children: Parents’ knowledge or physician’s competence". Pacific Medical Journal, nr 4 (28.12.2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2019-4-23-28.

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Objective: The study objective is to assess parents’ opinion and awareness of preventive vaccination issues.Methods: Using the data of cross-sectional multicenter study the assessment of 1620 parents’ awareness of preventive vaccination issues was taken; we checked up on factors causing decline of trust in vaccination.Results: The most respondents (n=1590) vaccinated children adhering to recommendation of National calendar, 25 % of parents additionally vaccinated them due to epidemic indications. The refusal of vaccination in 2 % of respondents was influenced by level of education (lower secondary education), family financial state (average or above the average), choice of mass media as prevailing source of information about vaccination. High level of credibility to the opinion of neighborhood pediatrician (91.7 %) and parents› interest in receiving additional information about vaccinations (71.2 %) were revealed.Conclusions: Providing the accurate information on vaccination by doctors will enable to increase parents’ adherence to children vaccination.

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Wallace, Manolis, Stavros Antonopoulos i Vassilis Poulopoulos. "VACS: VAccination disComfort Scale". Clinics and Practice 12, nr 6 (15.12.2022): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract12060110.

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The vaccination of children is a crucial tool to protect both individuals and the world in general from various diseases and pathogens. Unfortunately, the vaccination procedure is not a pleasant one for all children, with many experiencing various levels of discomfort, sometimes reaching intolerable levels. In the first part of this work, we develop VACS, a tool that measures the discomfort children experience during vaccination. VACS takes into consideration the complete timeline of the vaccination experience from the perspective of the child, starting from the moment the child enters the doctor’s office through to their departure, and also the complete range of manifestations of discomfort, ranging from moaning and crying to facial expressions and posture. Their discomfort is quantified as a number from 0 to 25, with zero corresponding to a smooth vaccination and 25 to maximal/unbearable discomfort. In the second part of the work, we apply VACS to 40 vaccinations of children aged 2 to 12. Our findings show that approximately 40% of the children do not face discomfort during vaccination, but for the rest discomfort of varying degrees is observed. We also find that doctors are content with their patients facing considerably higher discomfort levels than what the children themselves are willing to withstand: doctors are content with VACS values up to 19 whilst children start to suffer when the VACS value exceeds 11. Surprisingly, characteristics such as (a) gender, (b) whether the state’s recommended vaccination program has been implemented in full, and even (c) prior negative vaccination experiences are found to be poor predictors of vaccination discomfort. Age on the other hand may be a factor, with younger children experiencing discomfort more often and more intensely; more research is required in order to validate this with higher confidence. The formulation of VACS opens the door for more systematic work towards the mitigation of vaccination discomfort for children.

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Diehl, Claudia, i Christian Hunkler. "Vaccination-related attitudes and behavior across birth cohorts: Evidence from Germany". PLOS ONE 17, nr 2 (14.02.2022): e0263871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263871.

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We use German KiGGS data to add to existing knowledge about trends in vaccination-related attitudes and behavior. Looking at vaccinations against measles, we assess whether a low confidence in vaccination and vaccination complacency is particularly prevalent among parents whose children were born somewhat recently, as compared to parents whose children belong to earlier birth cohorts. We further analyze how these attitudes relate to vaccination rates in the corresponding birth cohorts, and which sociodemographic subgroups are more likely to have vaccination-hesitant attitudes and to act upon them. Results show that the share of parents who report “deliberate” reasons against vaccination has decreased across birth cohorts; at the same time, the children of these parents have become less likely to be vaccinated. This suggests that vaccination-hesitant parents became more willing to act upon their beliefs towards the turn of the millennium. Regarding efforts to convince parents and the public about the benefits of vaccination, the number of parents who think that vaccinations have serious side effects, or that it is better for a child to live through a disease, may have become smaller—but these parents are more determined to follow their convictions. Interestingly, the trend we describe started before the Internet became a widespread source of health-related information.

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Fischer, A. "Vaccination of children". Archives de Pédiatrie 26, nr 2 (luty 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2019.01.001.

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Omberg, M. "(P1-82) Implementation of an Active Vaccination Strategy Increased the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Vaccine Coverage among Swedish Children". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (maj 2011): s125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004146.

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IntroductionThe European Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) identified young children as a group at higher risk of developing severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection compared with the general population. Since children have high attack rates and seem essential in augmenting local outbreaks of influenza, vaccination of children was an important objective in the Swedish pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination campaign. Children < 13 years of age were recommended to take two doses of the pandemic vaccine (Pandemrix®).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the vaccination coverage among children 1–12 years of age in different councils in the County of Jämtland, Sweden that either implemented an active advocating or a passive vaccination strategy. The active strategy included direct information to parents promoting vaccination, individual appointments, collaboration between different care providers, and visits of vaccination teams to day care centers and schools, whereas no specific measures, except general information in press and media, were undertaken in councils using a passive approach.MethodsAll pandemic vaccinations in the County of Jämtland were registered in a Web-based registration software system. Vaccine coverage was determined by comparing the actual number of children residing in different councils with the number of vaccinated children.ResultsA total of 4,162 of 6,000 children (69.3%) residing in councils using an active vaccination strategy were vaccinated compared with 5,059 of 9,373 children (53.9%) living in councils using a passive vaccination strategy (p < 0.0001)ConclusionsImplementation of an active advocating vaccination strategy during the Swedish pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination campaign resulted in a significantly higher vaccination coverage rate compared with a passive vaccination strategy.

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Albaugh, Nicholas, Joseph Mathew, Richa Choudhary, Sadasivan Sitaraman, Anjali Tomar, Ishumeet Kaur Bajwa, Baldeep Dhaliwal i Anita Shet. "Determining the burden of missed opportunities for vaccination among children admitted in healthcare facilities in India: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 11, nr 3 (marzec 2021): e046464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046464.

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ObjectivesChildren accessing healthcare systems represent a vulnerable population with risk factors for poor health outcomes, including vaccine-preventable diseases. We aimed to quantify missed vaccination opportunities among hospitalised children in India, and identify vaccination barriers perceived by caregivers and healthcare providers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo public-sector tertiary-care hospitals in northern India, during November 2018 and March 2019.ParticipantsWe tracked 263 hospitalised children aged 1–59 months through hospital discharge, to assess vaccination status, and document catch-up vaccinations given during the hospital stay. We interviewed caregivers and healthcare providers to assess their perceptions on vaccination.OutcomesProportion of hospitalised children considered under-vaccinated for their age; proportion of missed opportunities for vaccination among under-vaccinated children who were eligible for vaccination; and vaccine coverage by antigen.ResultsWe found that 65.4% (172/263) of hospitalised children were under-vaccinated for their age when they presented to the hospital. Among under-vaccinated children, 61.0% were less than 4 months old, and 55.6% reported prior contact with a health facility for a sick visit. The proportion of under-vaccinated children in hospitals were higher compared with the general population as indicated by regional vaccination coverage data. Among under-vaccinated children who were tracked till discharge, 98.1% (158/161) remained incompletely vaccinated at discharge and were considered ‘missed opportunities for vaccination’. Perceived vaccination contraindications that are not part of established contraindications included in national and international guidelines was the most common reason for healthcare providers not to vaccinate children during hospital stay. Among caregivers of under-vaccinated children, 90.1% reported being comfortable having their children vaccinated while they were sick, if recommended by the healthcare provider.ConclusionThis pilot study confirmed that hospitalised sick children had substantial missed vaccination opportunities. Addressing these opportunities through concerted actions involving caregivers, healthcare providers and healthcare systems can improve overall vaccination coverage.

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Di Giuseppe, Gabriella, Giovanna Paduano, Sara Vaienna, Giuseppe Maisto, Concetta Paola Pelullo i Maria Pavia. "Surveying Parents’ Awareness and Adherence to Influenza Vaccination Recommendations in Children in Southern Italy". Vaccines 10, nr 8 (11.08.2022): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081298.

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Background: This study explored awareness and adhesion of parents to the recommendations for influenza vaccination for their children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022 among parents of 6 months–6 years-old children in Southern Italy. Results: Only 22.1% of parents were aware that influenza vaccination was recommended for healthy children, and 31.8% reported at least one influenza vaccination in the four influenza seasons from 2018/2019 to 2021/2022. Adherence was higher among parents who had received influenza vaccination at least once, who knew the main childhood vaccinations, who knew that influenza can be prevented, that influenza vaccination is recommended for healthy children, who believe that it is useful, and who have been informed about it by physicians. Willingness to vaccinate their children in the upcoming season was 48.6% and was higher among parents who had vaccinated their children at least once, believed that influenza vaccination protects against severe complications, believed that it is useful, and that it is not better for children to acquire immunization through illness than through vaccination. Conclusions: These findings suggest that efforts should be devoted to educating parents on the risks associated with the disease and the benefits of the vaccine.

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