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Baey, Camille. "Etude de l’efficacité et des mécanismes de la présentation croisée d’antigènes cellulaires tumoraux intacts par les cellules dendritiques". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T054/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDendritic cells (DC) are specialized in the capture, processing and antigen presentation. They have developed a special antigen presentation mechanism, known as cross-presentation, allowing them to internalize exogenous antigens, to digest and associate them to MHC class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T lymphocytes. The cross-presentation is essential to the presentation of antigens that are not directly synthesized by the DC (self antigens, tumor antigens, microorganisms that don’t infect DC) and therefore to establish anti-infectious or anti-tumoral CD8+ T cell responses. His study is therefore essential for vaccination and immunotherapy involving a presentation by the DC. Our team showed that, like apoptotic cells, living cells are an efficient antigen source for cross-presentation by DC in vitro and in vivo. We have shown that immunization of mice with DCs that have captured material from living cells could protect effectively against a B16 melanoma challenge in a prophylactic model. During my PhD, I have shown that immunization was also very effective in a therapeutic model. Surprisingly, the protection and the CD8+ T cell response obtained using living cells as antigen source, are better than those obtained with apoptotic cells. DCs cultured with live or apoptotic antigen donor cells, expressed equivalent levels of costimulatory molecules. In contrast, DCs cultured with apoptotic cells secrete more IL- 10, giving them a tolerogenic phenotype. Furthermore, we have also shown that tumor antigens were better preserved within living cells than apoptotic cells, and the amount of MHC-I/peptide complexes at the surface of DC after culture with living cells was greater than after culture with apoptotic cells. In a second part of my thesis, I tried to characterize the receptors and mechanisms involved in the transfer of antigen from living cells to DCs. I have shown that this transfer is not dependent on exosomes transfer, nor on "cross-dressing". However, it is initiated after a close contact with the DC that seems to depend at least in part in scavenger receptors (SR) and calreticulin. The microscopy images obtained suggest the passage of large molecules in a structure, which may be similar to annular junctions (Annular Gap Junctions). Indeed, we observe the passage of connexin 43 (Cx3) and cellular material in a native conformation (GFP 70 kDa protein) from the living cell that partially colocalize with the early endosome marker EEA-1 in DCs. However, the use of an shRNA specific for Cx43 indicates that the cross-presentation does not require its expression. Our results suggest the existence of a mechanism of intercellular communication allowing the passage of large antigen, which could then be processed by DCs
Beignon, Anne-Sophie. "Exploitation du système immunitaire de la peau pour l'administration non-invasive de vaccins". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13068.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeite, Pereira Adrien. "Découverte de marqueurs immunologiques permettant d’évaluer l’innocuité des nouveaux vaccins". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS177.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaccination is often not well regarded by the general population. To reassure this latest, it will be interesting to set up an in vitro platform predicting the vaccine safety. The aim of this thesis is to develop the beginnings of this platform. The principle is simple, to get inflammatory signature of a candidate vaccine to evaluate it safety. For that, this signature will be compared with those obtained by vaccine currently on the market or by pathogens.During this thesis, we selected a list of biomarkers that can be used to determinate the inflammatory signature of a vaccine. To obtain this list, we used different inflammatory models (HIV and TLR ligands) and the mass cytometry. Then, we had developed in vitro test to obtain inflammatory signatures induced by Vaccinia Virus or Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, each used to eradicate the smallpox. We identified specific inflammatory signatures for each virus, both in healthy individuals and HIV-infected humans.The continuation of these studies, by obtaining a large number of signatures coming from vaccines on the market or induced by pathogens, could make it possible to finalize the setting up of this platform. Indeed, the obtaining of the latter would make it possible to obtain reference signatures which could predict the dangerousness of a vaccine
Mahé, Brice. "Etude de la vaccination par la voie transcutanée : modèles expérimentaux et études cliniques". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066470.
Pełny tekst źródłaDupuy-Papin, Catherine. "Vaccination anti-papillomavirus : réponse systémique et vaginale contre la protéine majeure de capside". Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3813.
Pełny tekst źródłaGross, David Alexandre. "Identification et optimisation d'antigènes tumoraux en vue d'une vaccination antitumorale". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066432.
Pełny tekst źródłaÇobanoglu, Özmen. "Contribution de la sénescence cellulaire à la vaccination anti-tumorale chez l’individu âgé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS083.
Pełny tekst źródłaAge-related decline of immunity reduces vaccine efficacy in the elderly. Cellular senescence - a hallmark of aging - is a physiological process characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Senescent cells accumulate with age and are resistant to cell death as a result of increased Bcl-2 expression. Senescent cells show an enhanced pro-inflammatory phenotype, as a part of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contributes to inflammation and other detrimental effects. Pre-existing senescent cells cause many aging-related disorders and therapeutic strategies aiming at selectively eliminating these cells have recently gained attention.The potential role of pre-existing senescent cells in vaccine efficacy in the aged populations has not yet been reported to our knowledge. This can be achieved through different approaches such as the use of senolytic drugs that selectively target and eliminate these cells. Using the specific Bcl-2 family inhibitor senolytic ABT-263 (Navitoclax), we investigated the effects of senolysis on the immune response induced by vaccination. To this end, aged mice (22-months) and young adult mice (2 months) were treated with Navitoclax before immunization and few days later mice were immunized with the antigen Ovalbumin (OVA) plus adjuvant (Quil-A and CpG ODN). Antibody production was quantified by ELISA and the T cell response was quantified by measuring the production of interferon gamma after antigen re-stimulation. To study the efficacy of the immune response post-vaccination, mice were engrafted with OVA-expressing B16 melanoma cells and melanoma outgrowth was measured.ABT-263 treatment depleted senescent cells in the spleen. This was evidenced by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p16 (a marker of senescence) and Bcl-2 and by quantifying beta-galactosidase activity, another marker of senescence. Depletion of senescent cells also led to a reduced production of systemic SASP-related factors in blood. In the same line, splenocytes isolated from Navitoclax-treated aged mice produced less inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS compared to controls. Having validated the efficacy of Navitoclax, we then turned to analyze the consequences of senescent cell's removal on the immune, anti-tumor response. Navitoclax treatment slightly reduced antigen-specific antibody production. Both IgM and IgG were affected. In contrast, T cells from Navitoclax-treated aged mice produce more IFN-gamma compared to controls. A similar effect was observed in young adult mice. Strikingly, depletion of pre-existing senescent cells before vaccination abrogated the protective effect of the vaccine on tumor outgrowth in aged mice, and to a lower extent, in young adult mice. We conclude that senolysis influences the quality of the immune responses post-vaccination and strongly affects the anti-tumor response in vaccinated aged mice
Deutscher, Mathieu Meyer Gilles. "Infection expérimentale par le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin étude des interactions entre la vaccination et l'évolution du virus /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1798/1/celdran_1798.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHaddad, Nadia. "Vaccination du chien contre la rage : fabrication et contrôles d'un vaccin à virus inactivé préparé sur encéphale d'agneau : étude comparée de l'activité de deux vaccins sur des chiens du terrain en Tunisie". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10122.
Pełny tekst źródłaSagodira, Serge. "Vaccination génétique par voie nasale contre la cryptosporidiose : étude de la réponse immunitaire chez la souris et de la protection dans un modèle caprin". Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3808.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuirlinger, Marie-Joëlle. "Caractérisation immunochimique des antigènes excrétés-sécrétés par Toxoplasma gondii". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10073.
Pełny tekst źródłaBordbar, Bita. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et génétique des domaines immunogènes de VAR2CSA contre le paludisme gestationnel". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077100.
Pełny tekst źródłaVAR2CSA is considered as the main target of protective immunity against pregnancy-associated malaria. VAR2CSA high molecular weight complicates scaling up production of VAR2CSA recombinant protein for large-scale vaccination programmes. We previously demonstrated that antibodies induced by NTS-DBL1X-ld1-DBL2X efficiently block parasite binding to CSA in a similar manner to antibodies induced by the full-length extracellular part of VAR2CSA. This work aimed first at identifying the shortest fragment of VAR2CSA carrying major protective epitopes able to elicit inhibitory antibodies. To achieve this goal we performed a refined antigenic mapping of NTS-DBLlX-ld1-DBL2X through a DNA vaccination technique. Likewise, five single or double domains constructs encoding NTS-DBL1X, NTS-DBL1X-ld1, Id1, ld1-DBL2X and DBL2X were made and used to immunize mice. The NTS-DBL1X, NTS-DBLIX-ld1, and ldl-DBL2X fragments all raised high titer immune response, as measured by ELISA. The DBL2X fragment raised a weaker antibody titer, and the Id1 construct failed to elicit antibody. Sera from mice immunized with NTS-DBL1X or DBL2X constructs failed to block infected erythrocytes binding to CSA, whereas sera from mice immunized with NTS-DBLIX-ld1 showed partial inhibitory activity, and the ld1-DBL2X fragment elicited antisera that totally abrogated infected erythrocytes adhesion to CSA. IgG purified from ldl-DBL2X antisera showed a similar inhibitory profile than ld1-DBL2X antisera. Anti-FCR3 anti-ld1-DBL2X antibodies also efficiently block the adhesion of erythrocytes infected by the HB3 parasite line to CSA. Ld1-DBL2X antisera recognized the surface of field isolates from pregnant women, and inhibited CSA-binding of all 8 isolates tested, although to a variable level. We raised high-titer antibodies against several parts of the protein, and identified ldl-DBL2X as the minimal VAR2CSA fragment inducing antibodies with CSA-binding inhibitory efficiency in the same range as the full-length extracellular part of VAR2CSA. The second part of the work is dedicated to a global characterization of genetic diversity of id1-DBL2X fragment within eight Worldwide isolates of natural P. Falciparum populations coming from four continents. To perform this study, we have take advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). A moderate level of genetic differentiation is observed up to the position 569 of the nucleotide sequence, whereas a significant increase is observed in the following part of the fragment. Interestingly, this boundary nearly matches the separation between the Id1 and DBL2X domains. This means that on Id1 fragment the genetic differentiation between the eight populations is moderated while it become much more important on DBL2X level
Palgen, Jean-Louis. "Characterization of the innate immunity elicited by vaccination and its interactions with adaptive immunity, depending on prime-boost delay". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS146.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaccination is one of the best achievements made in public health. However, designing vaccines against complex pathogens is currently challenging. The immune system is indeed uncompletely characterized, despite large amount of accumulated knowledges. A better understanding of vaccine-induced immunity is then required to optimize vaccine design. In particular, while most vaccines require several immunizations to induce a long-lasting adaptive immune memory, little is known on the impact of the delay beween the prime inducing a primary memory and the boost restimulating it to induce a secondary memory. Also, the innate immunity induced by each immunization and shaping the adaptative immunity is poorly characterized in this vaccine context.We studied the innate immune responses in cynomolgus macaques immunized with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara, following an homologous prime-boost vaccination at two months apart. We applied mass cytometry and bioinformatic analyses to characterize the innate response induced by each immunization. We showed that prime and boost vaccination triggered distinct innate responses. Actually, prime induced late phenotypic modifications of innate cells. These phenotypic changes suggest a stronger ability to react to the boost. Moreover, reducing the delay between prime and boost to two weeks impeded the mobilization of these phenotypically modified innate cells, and qualitatively altered humoral response.In conclusion, beyond the early innate responses, these results highlight the late induction by the prime of "likely trained" innate cells. This emerging concept corresponds to the ability of innate cells to display memory features based on epigenetic modifications. This "likely training" occured not only on monocytes and NK cells, but also on dendritic cells and strikingly on neutrophils. It was deeply connected with adaptive immune memory establishment, in a prime-boost delay dependant fashion. These findings contribute to pave the way towards to the rationale design of future vaccines, via vaccine schedule optimization and harnessment of innate training
Revaud, Julien. "Les mécanismes impliqués dans la mise en place de la réponse immunitaire dans le cadre d'une administration par voie orale de vaccins vectorisés dérivés des adénovirus et effets des adjuvants". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of new vaccines for oral delivery is a desirable objective. Such vaccines would permit induction of immune responses at mucosal surfaces, which constitute the principal portais of entry for pathogens. Moreover, the oral delivery route, as compared with parenteral routes, would be safer and more practical for human usage, and would facilitate the vaccination of wildlife. At present, bowever, few vaccines are administered by die oral route. Of these, most are live attenuated vaccines, which present a certain risk. Non-replicative vectored vaccines derived from adenoviruses (rAd) tepresent an attractive alternative, as they are much safer than live attenuated vaccines and are capable of eliciting robust immune responses when delivered by parenteral routes. Nevertheless, their efficacy is diminished upon oral administration. The objectives of this study were three-fold : 1. To understand the different steps leading to induction of an immune response after oral delivery of rAd, 2. To explore different strategies for optimisation of such vaccines, 3. To determine the impact of adjuvants on the early steps involved in the induction of the immune response. After intragastric delivery of rAd, we measured transgene activity by bioluminescence and RT-qPCR, and showed that transgene expression was confined to the intestine, and restricted to delimited anatomical zones. Moreover, the distribution of bioluminescence and antigen-encoding transcripts was dissimilar in C57B1/6 and BALB/c mice. Finally, after intragastric delivery of rAd, we showed that adjuvants affect transgene expression and the ensuing immune response in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
Rahman, Muhammad Jubayer. "Diagnostic biomarkers and improved vaccination against mycobacterial infection". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University, Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8238.
Pełny tekst źródłaTuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s most serious infectious diseases. It is estimated that a third of the world’s population is latently infected and 8 million new cases are recorded each year. Although BCG vaccination triggers protective immune responses in the neonates, it confers protection against only certain forms of childhood TB. Protection mediated by BCG, against pulmonary TB, is controversial as reported with variable efficacy ranging from 0-80%. In addition to the problems associated with the BCG vaccine, diagnosis of TB cannot be performed readily with the available tools. At present, an effective control of TB is highly dependent on the development of a new TB-vaccine as well as proper identification and treatment of individuals with active disease. Therefore, we particularly focused on identification of biomarker (s) of infection and the development of better vaccines, with special emphasis on the immune responses in the respiratory tract.
In the first study, we aimed to identify immune biomarker (s) of infection for better diagnosis of TB. Mice were infected with BCG administered i.n. or i.v., and the bacterial burden in the lungs, spleen and liver was examined. We measured IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR) and mycobacteria-specific antibodies in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and in serum in order to find immune correlates of infection. Results showed that sTNFR and mycobacteria-specific antibodies in BAL, but not in serum, might be useful in distinguishing active from latent infection or exposure to mycobacterial antigens.
In the second study, we investigated whether we could improve the currently used BCG vaccine. For this purpose, we tested a combination of neonatal vaccination protocol using BCG and posterior boosting with the protein heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesion (HBHA). It has been described that immunization with native (n) HBHA but not recombinant (r) HBHA conferred protection against M. tuberculosis challenge in mice.
This protection was comparable to that afforded by the BCG vaccine. In order to improve the protective efficacy of the nHBHA vaccine we followed heterologous prime-boost strategy, comprising BCG vaccination at the neonatal age, followed by nHBHA boosting at the infant and adult ages. We also examined whether the rHBHA protein could boost BCG-mediated protective immunity. Cellular immune responses and protection as measured by control of bacterial growth in the lungs of the treated animals were followed. Our results showed an improved effect of BCG-priming on HBHA-immunization. The BCG/HBHA immunization protocol was more effective in induction of HBHA-specific immune responses, as well as in protection than when the animals received only BCG or HBHA alone. Importantly, our study revealed that nHBHA does not require co-administration with adjuvant provided that mice were primed with live BCG before boosting.
Finally, we hypothesized that in utero sensitization of the fetal immune system with nHBHA may improve nHBHA-specific immune responses after birth. The pregnant mother was immunized with nHBHA 1 week before delivery. After birth, the offspring received two doses (week 1 and week 4) of nHBHA formulated with cholera toxin. We examined HBHA-specific recall responses and protection after challenge with a high dose of BCG. We found that immune responses were improved by priming the pregnant mother, and that this also provided better protection than when the offspring received only BCG or HBHA neonatal vaccinations.
Fournier-Betz, Véronique. "Le système immunitaire intestinal du turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L. ) : relation avec le système immunitaire général et recherche des mécanismes immuns induits lors de vaccinations par voie orale contre la vibriose à Vibrio anguillarum". Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2011.
Pełny tekst źródłaBang, Gilles. "Etudes précliniques de nouvelles constructions vaccinales antipalustres combinant des protéines de la famille multi génique MSP3 de Plasmodium falciparum". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077230.
Pełny tekst źródłaMSP3 has been shown to induce protection against malaria in African children. The characterization of a family of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) antigens sharing a similar structural organization, simultaneously expressed on the merozoite surface and targeted by a cross-reactive network of protective antibodies offers new perspectives for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. Eight recombinant polyproteins containing carefully selected regions of this family covalently linked in different combinations were ail efficiently produced in Escherichia coll. The polyproteins consisted of one monovalent, one bivalent, one trivalent, two tetravalents, one hexavalent construct, and two tetravalents incorporating coiled-coil repeats regions from LSA3 and p27 vaccine candidates. All eight polyproteins induced a strong and homogeneous antibody response in mice of three distinct genotypes, with a dominance of cytophilic IgG subclasses, lasting up to six months after the last immunization. Vaccine-induced antibodies exerted a strong monocyte-mediated in vitro inhibition of P. Falciparum growth. Naturally acquired antibodies from individuals living in an endemic area of Senegal recognized the polyproteins with a reactivity mainly constituted of cytophilic IgG subclasses. Combination of genetically conserved and antigenically related MSP3 proteins provides promising subunit vaccine constructs, with improved features as compared to the first generation construct employed in clinical trials (MSP3-LSP). These multivalent MSP3 vaccine constructs expand the epitope display of MSP3 family proteins, and lead to the efficient induction of a wider range of antibody subclasses, even in genetically different mice. These findings are promising for future immunization of genetically diverse human populations
Nuttin, Lise. "Etude du rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans la régulation des réponses immunes antitumorales induites par vaccination". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209820.
Pełny tekst źródłaNotre travail de thèse a consisté à poursuivre l'étude de cette stratégie de vaccins combinés en étudiant plus particulièrement le rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg) dans l'efficacité thérapeutique des vaccinations.
Les Treg regroupent différentes populations cellulaires immunosuppressives dérivées du thymus qui jouent un rôle clé dans le maintien de la tolérance périphérique. Les Treg naturels dont le mécanisme de suppression principal nécessite un contact cellule-cellule, expriment de façon constitutive les molécules de surface CD4, CD25 et CTLA-4 mais le marqueur le plus spécifique est le facteur de transcription Foxp3 qui est indispensable à leur développement et à leur fonction suppressive. Dans un premier temps, nous avons donc caractérisé les Treg de rat pour l'expression de Foxp3 et la nature et spécificité antigénique de leur fonction suppressive. Nos résultats démontrent d’une part, une expression de Foxp3 restreinte aux LT CD25+ natifs et liée à une fonction suppressive s'exerçant par contact cellule-cellule et d’autre part, une spécificité antigénique non-restreinte de ces Treg.
Ensuite, nous avons utilisé ce modèle de vaccination associant des injections de DC et de cellules tumorales sécrétrices de GM-CSF pour analyser comparativement les réponses immunes induites chez les rats vaccinés guéris ou non-guéris et les rats contrôles non vaccinés et identifier les paramètres cruciaux conduisant à l'éradication de la tumeur. Nos résultats ont montré que la principale différence entre rats vaccinés guéris et non guéris ne réside pas dans l'induction de réponses cytotoxiques systémiques spécifiques de la tumeur. Par contre, la guérison est associée à la persistance d'une réponse systémique LT CD4+ TH1 ainsi qu'au recrutement important en intratumoral de LT CD8+ cytotoxiques lié à une faible proportion relative de Treg.
Comme dans la majorité des études publiées chez l'animal, les DC utilisées dans ces vaccins combinés ont été générées à partir de rats naïfs, par différenciation de précurseurs de la moëlle osseuse en présence de GM-CSF seul. Par analogie avec les vaccins DC administrés aux patients cancéreux, nous avons aussi dérivé des DC à partir de la moëlle osseuse de rats porteurs d’une tumeur (TUM+) et nous avons constaté que ces mêmes vaccins combinés montraient in vivo une efficacité thérapeutique nettement moins bonne que leurs équivalents naïfs. Nous avons établi que cette différence d’efficacité était liée à la présence de Treg fonctionnels dans les vaccins DC dérivés de rats TUM+. Puis, nous avons établi le lien entre la présence de Treg dans les vaccins DC TUM+ et leur moins bonne efficacité thérapeutique en montrant qu'un traitement in vivo des rats TUM+ au témozolomide (TMZ) avant de générer les vaccins DC résultait in vitro, en une moindre expression de Foxp3 et une fonction suppressive diminuée et in vivo, en une bien meilleure survie des rats vaccinés.
Enfin, dans le but d’une utilisation future en clinique, nous avons développé une approche simplifiée ‘tout in vivo’ de notre modèle de vaccinations combinées, en utilisant la tumeur localement irradiée in vivo comme source d’antigène pour des DC autologues injectées en péri-tumoral et un apport exogène de GM-CSF. Nous avons utilisé des adénovirus associés recombinants porteurs du gène du GM-CSF (AAV1-GM-CSF) pour transduire la tumeur in vivo. Ces injections intratumorales d’AAV1-GM-CSF ont montré de bons résultats en vaccinations combinées puisque 60% des rats ont pu être guéris d’une tumeur 9L pré-implantée. Nous avons ensuite expérimenté l’enrobage des AAV1-GM-CSF dans un polymère biocompatible et thermosensible, le poloxamère, avant de les injecter en intratumoral, sans observer de meilleur effet thérapeutique. Cependant, nous avons constaté que l'utilisation du poloxamère pour enrober du GM-CSF recombinant permettait d'améliorer nettement la survie des rats vaccinés par comparaison à l'utilisation de GM-CSF recombinant seul.
La stratégie de vaccinations combinées que nous avons largement explorée et validée chez le rat serait une alternative intéressante à développer en clinique, particulièrement en combinaison avec un traitement permettant d'éliminer les Treg à la fois dans les vaccins et chez les patients vaccinés.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Péré, Hélène. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques d'inhibition des lymphocytes T régulateurs reposant sur l'utilisation d'un antiangiogénique ou d'un antagoniste de CCR4". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T044.
Pełny tekst źródłaNatural anti-tumor immune response is inhibited by different immunosuppresive mechanisms such as intratumor regulatory T cell recruitment which inhibits anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses and inhibit LTreg. I analysed two novel molecules which inhibit LTreg: a CCR4 antagonist and an antiangiogenic molecule, Sunitinib. The CCR4 antagonist inhibits LTreg activity and is able to induce CD8+ T cells responses against various selfantigens when it was combined with vaccination. Sunitinib induces significannt LTreg diminution which is correlated with overall survival of patients with metastasic renal carcinoma treated by antiangiogenic therapy. The measurement of LTreg may have a predictive value on antiangiogenic clinical response. These two molecules may endogenous antitumor response and synergize with immunotherapy protocols
Saade, Carla. "Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 : impact of viral variants, vaccination, and protection against reinfection". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10271.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to global healthcare, largely due SARS-CoV-2’s ability to acquire new mutations. This has led to the sequential emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and now Omicron that exhibited different successive subvariants (notably BA.1, JN.1, and KP.3). These VOCs have raised concerns about their capacity to escape the immune response induced by infection and/or vaccination. As vaccination campaigns continue worldwide, it is crucial to evaluate how different immunization schemes, including homologous and heterologous vaccinations as well as infection combined with vaccination (hybrid immunity), impact the immune response against emerging variants. With a prospective cohort of healthcare workers, this PhD project aimed to investigate i) the capacity of viral variants to escape the immune response, ii) the effectiveness of different immunization schemes, and iii) the durability of the resulting immune responses. Our findings indicated that the Alpha and Beta variants are able to escape neutralizing antibodies induced by immunization against the ancestral strain, regardless of the immunization scheme. This capacity for immune evasion extends beyond these earlier variants, as both the Delta and Omicron variants also demonstrated significant resistance to neutralization by antibodies elicited through prior immunization. Such findings underscore the critical need to consider variant-specific immune escape when establishing protection thresholds and updating vaccination strategies. In addition to viral immune escape the waning of the immune response also contributes to a decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2. Our results show that the type of immunization, i.e. infection or vaccination, significantly influences the peak levels and half-life of antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD). This led us to investigate the immune response induced by different immunization schemes 6 months post-immunization. In particular, we showed that hybrid immunity leads to a more robust immune response 6 months post-immunization compared to immunity induced by either infection or vaccination alone. This enhanced response is observed across various immunological parameters, such as neutralization capacity and the pool of memory B cells, and translates into significantly improved protection against the Delta variant. Individuals with hybrid immunity experienced a 4.5-fold reduction in the risk of Delta infection compared to those with immunity induced solely by homologous vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of considering these differences when formulating vaccination recommendations. Nevertheless, breakthrough infections, i.e. infections occurring despite previous vaccination, are frequently reported during the Omicron era among individuals fully-vaccinated and those with hybrid immunity. Our investigation into the humoral immune response following BA.1 breakthrough infection revealed that while hybrid immunity prevents an increase in anti-S IgG4 levels and maintains a high antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, it limits the diversification of the RBD-specific memory B cell pool compared to vaccination-induced immunity. Hence, our results indicate that BA.1 breakthrough infection elicits distinct immune responses that vary based on prior immunization schemes, which emphasizes the interest to consider immunization history with the aim to personalize vaccination recommendations. Overall, the results obtained throughout this PhD project emphasize the need to incorporate prior immunization history into ongoing adjustments of vaccination strategies and policies to effectively address the evolving immune escape capabilities of VOCs
Mukhopadhyay, Madhura. "DNA vaccination amplifiers HLA-DR cross-restricted public TCR clonotypes shared with HIV controllers". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC210.
Pełny tekst źródłaHIV controllers are rare patients who spontaneously control HIV replication to levels below 50 copies viral RNA/mL in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Converging evidence indicate that HIV controllers mount a cellular antiviral response that is highly efficient at detecting and eliminating infected cells. In particular, we previously reported that HIV controllers from the ANRS CO21 CODEX cohort harbour a pool of memory CD4+ T cells able to respond to minimal amounts of viral antigens, due to the expression of TCRs with high avidity for immunodominant Gag epitopes. In a first study we show that the high functional avidity observed in Controller CD4+ T cells could be explained by the expression of high avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) which efficiently bound Gag peptide-loaded MHC class II tetramers. Repertoire analysis of CD4+ T cells specific for the immunodominant Gag293 epitope showed a highly skewed repertoire in HIV controllers, with a predominance of the TRAV24 and TRBV2 variable gene families, the presence of conserved motifs in both CDR3 regions, and a high prevalence of public clonotypes. When transferred to primary CD4+ T cells, the most frequent public TCR clonotypes could confer properties associated with an efficient T cell response, such as polyfunctional cytokine secretion, high affinity antigen recognition, and broad HLA-DR crossrestriction. To determine whether candidate HIV vaccines could induce the high sensitivity responses seen in controllers, we analysed Gag293-specific responses in healthy volunteers who received the ADVAX DNA vaccine administered by electroporation (EP) or intramuscular injection (IM). Comparison of Gag293-specific responses in primary CD4+ T cell lines via IFNγ ELISpot revealed that the median antigen sensitivity in vaccinees was close to that observed for controllers but significantly higher than that in treated patients (p <0.05). In contrast, volunteers from the IM group did not show a detectable Gag293-specific response. TCR repertoire analysis of Gag293-specific CD4+ T cells from vaccinees revealed a preferential amplification of TCRβ family chain TRBV2, which also predominates in controllers. However, TRAV family gene usage appeared more diverse in vaccinees compared to controllers, with the preferential amplification of TRAV29 and TRAV24. Sequence analysis revealed an unexpected degree of overlap between the specific repertoires of vaccinees and HIV controllers, as evidenced by a high frequency of shared TCR motifs (>30%). The most frequent TRAV24 and TRBV2 public clonotypes found in the controller TCR repertoire were also induced by EP DNA vaccination, suggesting the potential for high avidity responses. In contrast, an abundant TRAV29 clonotype from vaccinees induced Gag293-specific responses of lower avidity, even though these responses were broadly HLA-DR cross-restricted. Thus, our results suggest that TRAV24 rather than TRAV29 clonotypes may be responsible for the high avidity Gag293-response. In conclusion, DNA vaccination by electroporation has the potential to inducer TCR clonotypes associated with HIV control. Monitoring the amplification of public TCR clonotypes could provide a novel approach to evaluate the quality of HIV vaccine responses
Papadopoulou, Maria. "Thymic development and peripheral functional polarisation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304309.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Charrier, Mélinda. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de sous-populations Natural Killer (NK) chez des patients atteints d’un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules et impact d’une vaccination avec des exosomes de cellules dendritiques (Dex) autologues". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS438.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecently, immunotherapy has emerged as a new strategy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, confirming the key role of the immune system in this disease. Despite these new treatments (targeted therapies, immunotherapy), response rates remain low with a modest impact on overall survival. Biomarkers are needed to define the target population of these treatments. One of the options explored is the immune status; indeed the immune status of cancer patients has a prognosis impact and may influence the response to standard treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies and even immunotherapy. Among the immune cells, Natural Killer cells (NK) have an effector role in NSCLC. It is now established that NK cells can promote a functional and efficient adaptive immunity. Therefore, an impaired NK functions could be a mechanism associated with the escape from adaptive immunity of the tumor. In our first study, we demonstrated that exosomes from dendritic cells stimulated NK cells through NKp30, this activity is being associated with improved survival in advanced NSCLC. Our second project has revealed, for the first time, a independent prognostic role of NCR3 transcript (NKp30 gene) for naïve advanced NSCLC. Activation of NK cells via NKp30 could be an effective strategy for immunomodulation in advanced NSCLC patients. These studies confirm a major role of NK cells in advanced NSCLC
Tabbekh, Mouna. "Rôle de CD5 dans la potentialisation de la réponse T cytotoxique et dans le contrôle de la progression tumorale dans un modèle in vivo". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T026.
Pełny tekst źródłaA major challenge in tumor immunology is based on effective and prolonged induction of the effectorphase of antitumor immune response. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in potentiatingthe antitumor activity of immune effectors, particularly the CTL infiltrating the tumor represents aconsiderable challenge in developing new approaches to immunotherapy. In this context we areparticularly interested in studying the role of CD5 in the control of tumor progression, particularly inpotentiating the cytotoxic activity of CTLs infiltrating B16 melanoma. Our results showed a significantdelay in tumor growth in CD5-/- mice as compared with wild type mice. The control of tumor growth inCD5-/- mice does not seem to correlate with a higher recruitment of T cells, but with increased cytotoxicityof infiltrating T cells against B16 cells. We have also shown that this response is transient and that thetumor escape from immune system takes place at a later stage of tumor progression. This tumor escapeappears to be associated with increased death by AICD of TIL CD8+ from CD5-/- mice as compared withTIL CD8+ from wild type mice wich correlated with the induction of FasL on the surface of TIL. In vivomodulation of Fas/FasL with an adenovirus AdFas-Fc protects tumor infiltrating T CD8+/CD5- fromapoptosis and thereby prevents the tumor escape. In addition, analysis of specific T lymphocyte repertoirein CD5-/- mice suggests that the control of tumor progression could be linked to a greater in situproliferation of specific CD5- T lymphocytes. Our results also show that immunization of CD5-/- miceusing different melanoma associated antigens contributes to the potentiation of antitumor immuneresponse. All these results highlight a particular interest in targeting of CD5 to improve currentapproaches to tumor immunotherapy
Savard, Christian. "Développement de nouveaux adjuvants dérivés de pseudoparticules du virus de la mosaïque de la papaye". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27890/27890.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaccination is one of the human interventions that having the most contributed to the decrease of mortality attributed to infectious diseases. The successes recorded by the traditional vaccines, composed of attenuated or inactivated pathogens, were principally obtained by the induction of neutralizing antibodies. Now, this correlate of immunologic protection is no longer suitable for new emergent pathogens such as the hepatitis C virus or the human immunodeficiency virus that equally require the stimulation of a strong T-cell response. An interesting solution to this problem is the addition of adjuvants to vaccines, a method known to increase the breadth and diversity of the immune response against the vaccine. However, few adjuvants are known for their ability to generate cellular responses and no adjuvant of this type is available for human vaccination in North America. To this end, the virus-like particles (VLP) of Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) have previously demonstrated potential adjuvant effect towards the cellular responses. The objective of my Ph.D. thesis was to study the adjuvant potential of the PapMV VLPs on commercial vaccines and on complete protein targets. First, we evaluated the effect of PapMV VLPs adjuvant on the inactivated vaccine used to fight the influenza virus. Secondly, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of this adjuvant, and the high avidity version, on the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus, a promising target to develop a universal vaccine against this important pathogen. Finally, we evaluated the possibility of developing a candidate vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) based in whole or in part on the core protein of HCV, the most conserved protein of the virus, in combination with our adjuvant. Overall, the adjuvant was effective of increasing the immunogenicity of all vaccine targets used and even helped to increase the protective effect generated by the inactivated influenza vaccine and the NP protein. Its usefulness for the development of a protective vaccine against hepatitis C based solely on the core protein, remains to be determined.
Xu, Lin. "HIV-1 mucosal immunity : from infection to prevention : HIV-1 envelope gp41 conserved region P1 modulates the mucosal innate immune response and acts as a potential mucosal adjuvant The HIV-1 viral synapse signals human foreskin keratinocytes to secrete thymic stromal lymphopoietin facilitating HIV-1 foreskin entry By shaping the antigen binding site in IgA, the CH1α domain is crucial for HIV-1 protection in highly exposed sero-negative individuals The antigen HIV-1 envelope gp41 conserved region P1 can act as mucosal adjuvant by modulating the innate immune response". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB071.
Pełny tekst źródłaMucosal vaccination, especially intranasal administrated ones, has been considered to be ideal for protection from pathogens invading through mucosal sites. However, the lack of specific adjuvant and insufficient acknowledgement of nasal immune system limits the development of vaccine. P1, a conserved region of gp41 envelope glycoprotein, was recently developed into a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine immunized via both the intramuscular and intranasal routes. It showed high efficiency in pre-clinical and phase I clinical trial due to induction of P1 specific mucosal IgA with transcytosis blocking activity and IgG inducing antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we characterized the immunological mechanism underneath P1-vaccine in nasal mucosa. Firstly, we demonstrated that P1 initiate immune responses by inducing nasal epithelial cells to secret the Th2 cytokine Thymic Stromal LymphoPoietin (TSLP). TSLP has been reported to be a strong mucosal adjuvant, and its receptor TSLP-R plays a critical role in IgA response. We showed that P1 induce TSLP expression via the interaction with galactosyl ceramide, the receptor of HIV-1 mucosal entry. Furthermore, we identified Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway and microRNA-4485 as important players in the regulation of TSLP production induced by P1. Secondly, we showed that P1 modulates innate immune responses by activate dendritic cells (DCs). P1 stimulation results in enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules on DCs. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 were increased, while IFN-γ was reduced, indicating that P1 activated DCs polarize into a Th2 and IgA prone phenotype. In addition, IL-8, CCL20, CCL22 were produced indicating a capacity at recruiting immune cells to mucosal surface for initiation of an adaptive immune response. MMP-9 was also produced allowing degradation of the extracellular matrix and facilitating the migration of immune cells out of the mucosa. Stricingly, a TSLP autocrine loop was observed as P1 induced DCs to secret TSLP and meanwhile, enhanced DC expression of TSLP-R. Finally, P1 activated DCs enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that P1 is a multi-functional protein with a great interest for vaccine development, not only as an antigen for vaccine candidate, but also as a potential adjuvant that can be combined to other mucosal vaccines
Nizard, Mevyn. "Optimisation d'un vaccin thérapeutique dans les tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures associées aux papillomavirus : rôle de l'induction d'une immunité muqueuse et de la combinaison à la radiothérapie". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCancer is the second mortality cause worldwide while mucosal cancers (lung, stomac, …) is the first mortality cause from. The majority of cancer vaccines against mucosal tumors have not given rise yet to significant clinical results. In this work we developed a strong immunotherapy based on the nontoxic subunit B from shiga toxin and showed for the first time that the localization of the immunization is crucial to induce potent and effective anti-tumoral responses. In a preclinical model a systemic immunization failed to induce a therapeutical protection against mucosal tumor challenge while intranasal immunization completely succeed. We identified a CD8 T lymphocyte population as a required cells in this protection and more precisely the T resident memory (Trm) cells. This Trm showed the classical CD103 phenotype as well as the CD49a which can play a specific role in the retention or the migration of this cells in the tumor tissue and might play a role in the survival. We also demonstrate that dendritic cells from the mucosal parenchyma was required to induce the CD49a expression on CD8 T cells while dendritic cells from the spleen was not. Our work shows that the Trm number as an impact in the anti-tumoral protection. We were able to reduce the Trm number in vivo using an anti-TGF-β antibody. This number diminution was correlated with a less efficient anti-tumoral protection. Patients with head and neck cancers are treated with radiotherapy. In this situation we showed that the combination of radiotherapy and our immunotherapy was associated with a better protection than radiotherapy alone or immunotherapy alone thanks to a vascular normalization. These results might rapidly lead to clinical trials and might open new ways to work with immunotherapies
Rahman, Muhammad Jubayer. "Mucosal immunity against mycobacterial infection". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39170.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript
Barbaron, Christine. "Maladies immunologiques après vaccin recombinant contre l'hépatite B : à propos de six patients bordelais". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M077.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreyburger, Ludovic. "Etude de la réponse immunitaire cellulaire systémique et humorale muqueuse suite à la vaccination par la sous-unité B de la toxine de Shigella Dysenteriae comme vecteur d'antigène". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Shiga toxin subunit B (STxB) is a vaccinal vector targeting dendritic cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses as well as antibody production were observed after vaccination of mice with chimeric proteins composed of STxB coupled with different antigens. STxB doesn't favour maturation of dendritic cells, thus we assessed the STxB efficiency as vector in combination with different adjuvants. STxB coupled with different antigens and mixed with aGalCer, a glycolipide activating NKT cells, resulted in an increase CD8+ T cells frequency and it also allowed the dramaticaly reduction of antigen doses. This vaccine also permitted to break tolerance to self-antigens and to protect against the development of viral infection. In addition, we have showed that the route of immunization had an influence on the type of immune response (mucosal humoral response jind cellular^ systemic response) observed after the use of STxB
Kernéis, Solen. "Tolérance et efficacité immunologique de la vaccination chez l’immunodéprimé : observation et modélisation". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066378.
Pełny tekst źródłaSafety, immunogenicity and durability of responses after vaccination are not well documented in the context of immune suppression. We first present the results of a clinical trial in 95 patients living with HIV comparing the immunogenicity of a reinforced 3-dose vaccine scheme against hepatitis A to the standard 2-dose regimen. Maintenance of seroprotection was not improved in the 3-dose arm since 15% of responders had lost protective antibodies by year 4 after immunization in both arms (p=1). We next extended our work to other categories of immune suppression by performing a systematic review of published works providing original long term (i. E. More than 6 months) immunogenicity data with licensed vaccines in three common conditions increasingly met in clinical practice: HIV infection, end-stage renal disease and solid organ transplantation. A meta-analysis of the estimations confirmed that duration of seroprotection provided by most licensed vaccines was shorter in immunocompromised patients than in otherwise healthy persons. Safety issues have been addressed through two observational studies: the first focused on the impact of immunizations on the course of systemic vasculitis and the second showed that patients on corticosteroids reported moderate/severe local reactions more frequently than controls (Relative Risk (95%CI) = 8. 0 (1. 4 to 45. 9)) to the live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Safety and immunogenicity of vaccines in persons with impaired immunity are not comparable to that observed in healthy individuals, calling for specific recommendations in these patients
Raux, Maurice. "Evaluation et comparaison des immunoglobulines présentes dans les sécrétions de sujets infectés par le virus VIH-1. Application aux essais vaccinaux". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES044.
Pełny tekst źródłaGruaz-Guyon, Anne. "Reponse anticorps et protection locale induites par des immunogenes synthetiques selectionnes dans la sequence de la toxine cholerique : immunisation systemique et orale". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066409.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamilton, Carly Anne. "Neonatal vaccination : role for innate immune cell interactions in BCG vaccination". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22079.
Pełny tekst źródłaSong, Keli 1955. "DNA-based vaccination against carcinoembryonic antigen". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36837.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbduh, Maisa. "Follicular CD4 T Cells Tutor CD8 Early Memory Precursors : an Initiatory Journey to the Frontier of B Cell Territory". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS371.
Pełny tekst źródłaAntigen-specific CD8 T cells are involved in the adaptive immune response and play a critical role in protecting the host from infection by intracellular pathogens. This long-lasting protection depends on the generation of memory CD8+ T cell responses, which are highly functional in terms of frequency and functionality, after secondary infection.Following antigen activation, a naive CD8 T cell undergoes strong clonal expansion, generating a heterogeneous population of activated cells that is dominated, at the peak of expansion, by short-lived CD8 effectors (SLECs). This expansion is followed by a phase of drastic contraction through massive apoptosis. A few cells survive this contraction phase and eventually become highly competent memory cells. Precisely when and how these memory precursors (MPECs) are generated is largely unknown, and so are the subsequent steps of their maturation into fully functional memory cells. Help signals from CD4+ T cells are clearly required throughout the MPEC maturation process.Our team has previously shown that FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) favor MPECs maturation by limiting exposure to IL-2 and by providing inhibitory signals, but this is probably only one facet of the complex and multifaceted help provided by CD4+ T cells to MPEC, and Tregs act on pre-existing MPECs.B-cell memory and CD8+ T cell memory share some common features, such as the expression of the transcription factor Bcl-6. Tfh are major producers of the cytokine IL-21. The mechanisms by which Tfh induces Bcl-6 in B-cells need to be clarified, they might include IL-21 and CD40-CD40L.In this PhD project, we have investigated the potential role of Tfh on the initiation of CD8 memory differentiation, in transgenic mice models, allowing transient and selective depletion of Tfh cells, infected by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes-OVA.We have shown that as early as 2 days after infection, very early memory precursors can be identified by their expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5. These early precursors, which have an effector phenotype, expand and temporarily migrate to the junction of T-cell and B-cell zones, where they interact with follicular CD4 T cells (Tfh) then lose their CXCR5 expression.Remarkably, this interaction with Tfh, hitherto considered as exclusive B-cell helpers, is required for memory precursors to become competent memory cells responsive to IL-21 and capable of mounting efficient cytotoxic secondary effector responses.This study thus unveils critical early steps in the generation of CD8 memory, identifies CXCR5 as the earliest known marker of CD8 memory precursors, reveals a major helper role for Tfh, and points to possible coordination, through Tfh, between the pathways of CD8 and B-cell memory generation. These findings may have implications for vaccine and immunotherapy design
Di, Genova Gianfranco. "Vaccination and immunological memory". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63837/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPower, Carl A. "Immunology of BCG vaccination in mice, implications for tuberculosis vaccination and for the use of BCG as a recombinant vaccine vector". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/NQ63963.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMille, Mireille. "Application de la methode elisa au suivi sero-immunologique d'une population canine vaccinee contre la leishmaniose". Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20905.
Pełny tekst źródłaJakobsson, Charlotta. "Suppressive DNA vaccination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and how it affects gene expression of inflammatory mediators". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8018.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaccination with DNA encoding the encephalitogenic autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), pMOG91-108, induce a protective immunity against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis. By injection of a DNA vaccine that contains a DNA region encoding short interfering RNA specific for IFNβ (pMOG-IFNβ) the protective effect of the DNA vaccination is totally inhibited. This demonstrates that IFN-β is directly involved in the protective mechanism against EAE.
The objective of this project was to study how molecules involved in the inflammatory process in EAE are regulated by suppressive DNA vaccination. mRNA expression of IL-1β, TGF β, IL-23p40 and Axl receptor tyrosine kinas did not show any significant differences between the groups vaccinated with these DNA vaccines. IL-6 and IFNγ mRNA expression after MOG stimulation in rats treated with pCI, a control vaccine was significantly higher compared to the group vaccinated with vaccine containing pMOG-IFNβ. IL-17 m RNA expression after MOG stimulation in pCl-treated rats was significantly higher compared to the group vaccinated with vaccine containing pMOG-91-108. Of these results the mRNA expression of IL-17 and IL-6 were of interest for the project.
The immune system normally protects the body against infections and T-cells have an important role in this defence system. In MS and EAE, the immune system attacks the myelin and this process is caused by a dysregulation of the T-cells. IL-17-producing Th17 cells mediate EAE. Naïve CD4 T-cells in the presence of IL-6 and TGFβ are differentiated to Th17 cells instead of differentiating into T-helper or regulatory T-cells. These IL-17-producing T-cells are highly pathogenic and essential for the development of EAE. The results showed that pMOG IFNβ vaccine had an effect at the immune response, which resulted in an inhibition of the IL-6 production and that vaccination with pMOG91-108 impairs differentiation of IL-17-producing T-cells.
Johansen, Kari. "Immune responses related to protection against rotavirus after natural infection and vaccination /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3882-2/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoors, Adam. "Antibody mediated mucosal defences in the female genital tract". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368058.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesjardins, Marc. "Feasibility of vaccination for chancroid: Sero-immunology and virulence assay in an experimental model of infection". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9969.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelph, Katherine. "Comparison of immunologic responses following intranasal and oral administration of a USDA-approved, live-attenuated Streptococcus equi vaccine". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32595.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Clinical Science
Elizabeth Davis
Background: While there is a commercially-available vaccine for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi licensed for the intranasal route of administration, some equine practitioners are administering this vaccine orally despite a lack of evidence for its efficacy by this route of administration. Objectives: To compare systemic and local immune responses following intranasal or oral administration of the USDA-approved, live-attenuated Streptococcus equi subspecies equi vaccine (Pinnacle IN®, Zoetis, Florham Park, New Jersey). Study Design: Experimental, randomized clinical trial Methods: Eight healthy horses with low Streptococcus equi M protein (SeM) titers (<1:1600) were randomly assigned to an intranasal or oral two-vaccine series. SeM-specific serum immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) and nasal secretion IgA were assessed using a commercially-available ELISA (Equine Diagnostic Solutions, LLC, Lexington, Kentucky) and a novel magnetic microsphere assay utilizing fluorescence. A general linear mixed models approach was used for statistical data analysis. Results: As expected, intranasal vaccinates showed substantial increases in both serum SeM-specific IgG and IgA levels post-vaccination (P=0.0006 and P=0.007, respectively). Oral vaccinates showed an increase in serum SeM-specific IgG post-vaccination (P=0.0150), though only one-third the magnitude of intranasal vaccinates. Oral vaccinates showed no evidence of change in SeM-specific IgA post-vaccination (P=0.15). Main Limitations: Changes in mucosal antibody responses were not identified in this study which may be related to small change in antibody response, timing of sample collection, or method of nasal secretion collection. Conclusions: Results indicate that intranasal or oral vaccine administration resulted in increased serum SeM-specific IgG, though the magnitude of response differed between routes.
Andersson, Pär. "Immunological Effects of TBE Vaccination : Increased Expression of Transcription factor T-bet Indicates Activation of Th1-like Cellular Immunity". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetets läkarutbildning, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59537.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoutter, Francesca. "Canine leishmaniosis : immunogenetics of response to infection and vaccination". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701667.
Pełny tekst źródłaVergara, Alert Júlia. "Immune response to influenza infection and vaccination". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98472.
Pełny tekst źródłaInfluenza A viruses (IAV) are zoonotic pathogens that can replicate in a wide range of hosts, including birds, pigs and humans, among others. Millions of human infections caused by seasonal influenza virus are reported annually. Influenza pandemics have also a significant health and economic repercussions. Although certain subtypes of IAV are better selected in avian species than in humans, there are reports that evidence cases of human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV). The susceptibility of pigs to infection with influenza viruses of both avian and human origins is also important for public health. The genome of influenza virus is segmented and consists of eight single-stranded negative-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules encoding 11 or 12 proteins. Thus, if a single cell is simultaneously infected by two distinct influenza viruses, a reassortment can occur resulting in the generation of a novel virus strain. Moreover, mutations in the surface glycoproteins (mainly in the hemagglutinin, HA) are the responsible of the high variability of IAV. Influenza vaccines against seasonal epidemics, although have good efficacy do not elicit immune response against a wide variety of IAV. Thus, seasonal vaccines only confer protection against the circulating viral strains. This, together with the risk of potential pandemics, has highlighted the importance of developing a universal vaccine able to elicit heterosubtypic immunity against multiple viral subtypes. In this thesis the immune response to IAV infection and vaccination was evaluated in the light of the risk of highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) A/H5N1 and A/H7N1, and the pandemic IAV A/H1N1. The work is divided into three parts and each one is further divided into chapters. Part I (chapters 1 and 2) contains the general introduction and the objectives of the thesis. The aim of this first part is to give a global overview and to introduce information to understand (i) the influenza infection, (ii) the immune responses elicited after IAV infection and (iii) a brief summary of current vaccines against influenza. Afterwards, the initial objectives to be achieved are exposed. Part II is the body of the thesis and it contains four studies (from chapter 3 to 6) developed during the four-year period comprising the PhD program. All the chapters are published or submitted to publish in international peer-reviewed journals. Thus, each study contains an abstract, a specific introduction, the materials and methods section, the obtained results and a discussion. To study the role of IAV determinants and to characterize the influenza infection in different hosts could be of great importance to direct the efforts to the formulation of more efficient vaccines. The non structural 1 (NS1) protein is known to be a major determinant of virulence in mammals but little is known about its role in avian species. In chapter 3, the involvement of NS1 in viral pathogenicity was evaluated in chickens. Birds were challenged with two reassortant AIV carrying the NS-segment of H5N1 HPAIV in the genetic background of an H7N1 HPAIV. The pathological manifestations, together with the immunological outcome were evaluated. The role of pre-existing immunity during an outbreak is also important and can determine whether the animals succumbed to infection or not. In chapter 4, chickens pre-exposed to H7N2 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) were challenged with H7N1 HPAIV and subsequently infected with H5N1 HPAIV. Pre-exposed animals were protected against the lethal H7N1-challenge whereas naïve animals succumbed. However, pre-existing immunity did not provide protection against HA-heterosubtypic virus (H5N1 HPAIV). The presence or absence of H7- and H5-inhibitory antibodies correlate with the protection (or lack of it) afforded. The control of current vaccination programs and their efficacy is useful to plan and design better vaccines. It is well known that wildfowl are the reservoirs of IAV; thus they are extremely important concerning the ecology of the virus. Sera from several avian species from Spanish zoos and wildlife centers were collected during two successive vaccination programs and were tested to evaluate the vaccine-elicited humoral response (chapter 5). The main objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of current vaccines (inactivated water-in-oil) in several avian species and to compare the differences inter- and intra-specie. Finally, and taking into account the potential risk that IAV represent to our society, the efforts were focused on developing a broadly protective influenza vaccine. The 2009 human H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) is a clear example that pigs can act as a vehicle for mixing and generating new assortments of viruses. In chapter 6 pigs were immunized with HA-derived peptides and subsequently infected with pH1N1 virus. Although the HA-peptides induced broad humoral and cellular responses no neutralization activity was detected and only a partial effect on virus clearance was observed. Part III (chapters 7 and 8) is where the implications of all the findings from the studies are discussed and the major conclusions are listed. A list of all the references used to develop the thesis is listed after the three parts, in an independent section. An appendix section is also included to give further information.
Alouffi, Abdulaziz. "Infiltrins as a novel regulatory principle of host-parasite interactions : new targets for vaccination?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43501/.
Pełny tekst źródłaWallace, LeShonda. "Acceptance and Uptake of Influenza Vaccination by Health Care Workers". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1557.
Pełny tekst źródłaOhtola, Jennifer A. "Pneumococcal Vaccination in Aging HIV-Infected Individuals". University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1435076215.
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