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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "UV photon detector"
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Ambily, S., Mayuresh Sarpotdar, Joice Mathew, A. G. Sreejith, K. Nirmal, Ajin Prakash, Margarita Safonova i Jayant Murthy. "Development of Data Acquisition Methods for an FPGA-Based Photon Counting Detector". Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 06, nr 01 (marzec 2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171717500027.
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MCP-based detectors are widely used in the ultraviolet (UV) region due to their low noise levels, high sensitivity and good spatial and temporal resolution. We have developed a compact near-UV (NUV) detector for high-altitude balloon and space flights, using off-the-shelf MCP, CMOS sensor, and optics. The detector is designed to be capable of working in the direct frame transfer mode as well in the photon counting mode for single photon event detection. The identification and centroiding of each photon event are done using an FPGA-based data acquisition and real-time processing system. In this paper, we discuss various algorithms and methods used in both operating modes, as well as their implementation on the hardware.
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Melai, Joost, Alexey Lyashenko, Amos Breskin, Harry van der Graaf, Jan Timmermans, Jan Visschers, Cora Salm i Jurriaan Schmitz. "An integrated Micromegas UV-photon detector". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 633 (maj 2011): S194—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.165.
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Kuleshov, D. O., V. A. Simonyan, A. A. Bogdanov, E. E. Kholupenko, Yu V. Tuboltsev, Yu V. Chichagov i A. M. Krassilchtchikov. "Measurement of the photon detection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers for the new detector cluster of the Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope TAIGA-IACT equipped with UV filters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012036.
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Abstract This study was devoted to measurements of the UV-range photon detection efficiency (PDE) of OnSemi MicroFJ SiPM detectors use together with custom UV filters and of the transmission coefficient of these filters at 277 nm. The final goal of these measurements was to determine feasibility of the filters for the new detector cluster of the TAIGA-IACT telescope. PicoQuant PLS-270 UV source emitting pulses at 277 nm was calibrated. The obtained dependences of the registered radiation power on the distance between the emission source and the reference detector are well approximated by the inverse square function, hence no significant scattering or absorption influenced the PDE measurements. The dependences of the number of detected photons on the distance between the source and the detector were obtained. These dependencies are also well approximated by the inverse square function. The PDE of SiPM MicroFJ-60035 detector was measured at the level of 10.0 ± 0.7%. The transmission coefficients of the considered set of filters at the wavelength of 277 nm were also obtained. The SL 240-300 filter has a sufficiently high transmission coefficient and it is advisable to use it as a bandpass ultraviolet filter in the new detector cluster of the TAIGA-IACT telescope; the SL 290-590 filter absorbs ultraviolet light quite well and is applicable in the visible range.
4
Drazdys, R., J. Jukonis, A. Skrebutėnas, V. Vansevičius i G. Vilkaitis. "A Bidimensional Photon-counting Microchannel Plate Detector Using a Wedge and Strip Anode". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 136 (1993): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100007521.
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AbstractA photon-counting detector with a 45 mm diameter active area has been developed using a microchannel plate (MCP) and the wedge and strip readout system. The detector uses a UV transparent glass input window proximity coupled to a stack of MCP. Quantum efficiency (QE) of the detector photo-cathode is ~ 20%. The resolution of ~ 60 μm FWHM at a gain of 5.107 has been achieved.
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Hamar, G., i D. Varga. "TCPD, a TGEM based hybrid UV photon detector". Journal of Instrumentation 8, nr 12 (23.12.2013): C12038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/12/c12038.
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BU Shao-fang, 卜绍芳, 尼启良 NI Qi-liang, 何玲平 HE Ling-ping, 张宏吉 ZHANG Hong-ji i 刘世界 LIU Shi-jie. "Microchannel plate photon counting detector in UV range". Chinese Journal of Optics and Applied Optics 5, nr 3 (2012): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20120503.0302.
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Bidault, J. M., P. Fonte, T. Francke, P. Galy, V. Peskov i I. Rodionov. "A Novel UV Photon Detector with Resistive Electrodes". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 158 (sierpień 2006): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.07.009.
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ABBAS, Istabrak A. Abed, i Omar A. IBRAHIM. "PREPARATION THE UV PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DETECTOR BY TPD:ZNO NPS BLEND". MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 03, nr 02 (1.06.2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8234.2-3.23.
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Physical properties includes Hall measurement , UV NPs, (I –V Measurements) and (Electro - optic properties IPCE) of ZnO NPs:TPD :PMMA Photo detectors deposited on P Si by two methods ( phase segregation method and drop casting method) and compression with properties of the Presence of polymers (PMMA TPD) were distinguished using I-V Measurement by figures of merit .IPCE measures the absorption of the prepared photo detector in different wavelengths. This can be done according to the photon absorption of the monochromatic light of the incident radiation with a wavelength of 570 nm and 530 nm for the deposited film by phase segregation method and by drop casting method at current efficacy 0.09% and 0.56% respectively and for only polymers is 0.19% . In I-V characterization the photoconductive gain has improved by the method of deposition of device by drop casting method, then ZnO NPs embedded in TPD:PMMA polymer highly improved the photoconductive gain from 34 to 77 by phase segregation method and to 88 by drop casting method , The responsivity was increased from to 3.6*10-6 A/W for films prepared by phase segregation method to 8.4*10-6 A/W for films prepared by drop casting method and response time from 8.2*10-6 μs. to 8.8*10-7 μs respectively.
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Finazzi, M., A. Bastianon, G. Chiaia i F. Ciccacci. "High-sensitivity bandpass UV photon detector for inverse photoemission". Measurement Science and Technology 4, nr 2 (1.02.1993): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/2/017.
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Scholze, Frank, Heike Henneken, Peter Kuschnerus,, Hans Rabus, Mathias Richter i Gerhard Ulm. "High-accuracy detector calibration in the 3–1500 eV spectral range at the PTB radiometry laboratory". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, nr 3 (1.05.1998): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597014076.
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State-of-the-art detector calibration in the UV/VUV and soft X-ray spectral ranges at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is based on the primary detector standard SYRES, a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer capable of measuring radiant power of a few µW. At the PTB radiometry laboratory at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY, two dedicated beamlines are operated, providing monochromatic radiation of high spectral purity, high radiant power and tunable photon energy in the 3–1500 eV range. The spectral responsivity of detectors, e.g. photodiodes, can be measured with a relative uncertainty of about 1% by direct comparison with SYRES, as will be demonstrated for PtSi/Si and GaAsP/Au Schottky and silicon n-on-p photodiodes. The calibration of photon-counting detectors traceable to SYRES can by accomplished by exploiting the unique capability to scale the spectral photon flux over several orders of magnitude by changing the stored electron current. Calibrations of CCDs and photomultipliers are presented as examples.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "UV photon detector"
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Mallampati, Bhargav. "Development of High Gain Ultraviolet Photo Detectors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowires". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500106/.
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Semiconductor nanowires acts as an emerging class of materials with great potential for applications in future electronic devices. Small size, large surface to volume ratio and high carrier mobility of nanowires make them potentially useful for electronic applications with high integration density. In this thesis, the focus was on the growth of high quality ZnO nanowires, fabrication of field effect transistors and UV- photodetectros based on them. Intrinsic nanowire parameters such as carrier concentration, field effect mobility and resistivity were measured by configuring nanowires as field effect transistors. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a high gain UV photodetector. A single ZnO nanowire functioning as a UV photodetector showed promising results with an extremely high spectral responsivity of 120 kA/W at wavelength of 370 nm. This corresponds to high photoconductive gain of 2150. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest responsivity and gain reported so far, the previous values being responsivity=40 kA/W and gain=450. The enhanced photoconductive behavior is attributed to the presence of surface states that acts as hole traps which increase the life time of photogenerated electrons raising the photocurrent. This work provides the evidence of such solid states and preliminary results to modify the surface of ZnO nanowire is also produced.
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Bouvier, Stéphane. "Conception et mise au point d'un amplificateur integre rapide, a transimpedance, a faible bruit. Applicaiton a la detection de photons uv". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13255.
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Le travail accompli dans cette these porte sur la conception et la realisation d'un amplificateur a transimpedance associe a un detecteur de photo-electrons fonctionnant sur le principe de multiplication par avalanche. Les caracteristiques requises pour cette architecture sont les suivantes: mesures de courant, temps de montee inferieur a 15 nanosecondes, impedance d'entree de l'ordre de 100 ohms, gain de 100 millivolts par microampere, consommation inferieure a 100 milliwatts par canal et mise en forme du signal permettant la suppression de queue du signal ainsi que la compression de la dynamique. L'architecture globale comporte un preamplificateur faible bruit, a gain eleve, assurant la conversion courant tension, un etage de mise en forme, un etage tampon permettant la sortie differentielle sur 50 ohms et la compression dynamique. Un prototype a 4 voies, realise en technologie cmos, a confirme la validite de l'ensemble des concepts et des calculs developpes (fonctions de transfert, modeles de bruit)
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Nomenyo, Komla Dunyo. "Photonique UV : structuration top-down du ZnO pour une émission amplifiée et un transfert d'énergie efficace". Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0023/document.
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Le présent travail de thèse a été effectué dans le cadre du projet CPER-FEDER MATISSE, projet coordonné par l’UTT regroupant deux autres partenaires : Nanovation et l’URCA. Le projet avait pour ambition la croissance des couches minces de ZnO de haute qualité et leur valorisation.Le ZnO cristallin est un semiconducteur à grand gap avec d’excellentes propriétés optiques. Son énergie de liaison excitonique de 60meV est l’une des caractéristiques qui lui valent tant d’attention malgré sa difficile gravure physique qui hypothèque la réalisation de composants photoniques compacts. En effet, la longueur d’onde d’émission du ZnO est de l’ordre de 375nm, impliquant l’utilisation de structures de petite taille dont la réalisation relève des nanotechnologies.Trois objectifs scientifiques ont été poursuivis : l’amélioration de l’extraction de l’émission excitonique dans les couches minces de ZnO par ingénierie de gap en utilisant les cristaux photoniques, l’émission laser et son contrôle et enfin, le transfert d’énergie du ZnO vers les QDots comme couche de phosphores pour la conversion de l’émission UV en lumière blanche. Pour y parvenir, deux technologies ont été utilisées : la croissance PLD (Nanovation) et la structuration par approche top-down délaissée par la communauté scientifique.La thèse traite de la structuration par lithographie électronique combinée à la gravure RIE-ICP et les études scientifiques associées. Les résultats obtenus sont concluants avec parfois des records comme pour le gain (>1000cm-1) et les pertes optiques (<10cm-1). Nous avons également procédé à la réalisation des premiers composants optoélectroniques : laser MIS et photodétecteur MSMThis work was conducted in the framework of the MATISSE project supported by the CPER-FEDER. Coordinated by UTT and including two other partners: Nanovation and URCA, the main project objective was the growth of high quality ZnO thin films and their valorization.ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor with excellent optical properties. Its exciton binding energy (60meV) is one of the most important characteristics that earned to ZnO more attention despite its physical etching which is difficult to perform. Indeed, the excitonic emission of ZnO occurs approximately at 375nm, which involves the use of small structures whose achievement leads to the use of nanotechnology.Three scientific objectives were pursued: improving the extraction of the excitonic emission in ZnO thin films by engineering the photonic band gap by using photonic crystals, laser emission and control and finally, energy transfer from ZnO to QDots used as phosphors for down conversion of the UV emission to white emission. To achieve this, two technologies were used: PLD growth (Nanovation) and top-down structuring approach neglected by the scientific community.The thesis mainly deals with the structuring by electron beam lithography combined with ICP - RIE and related scientific studies. Conclusive results have been obtained such as high optical gain (>1000 cm-1) and low optical losses (<10 cm-1). We also carried out first optoelectronic components: MIS laser and MSM photodetector
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Ray, Puspita. "Studies on thick-GEM UV Photon Detector". Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5043.
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Large area photodetectors with single photon counting ability motivates to develop gaseous photomultiplier (GPM), that combine thin film photocathode with electron multipliers for efficient detection of UV photon. This involves extensive research on photocathode preparation, characterization and photoemission properties of UV photocathodes; detector’s operating parameters which influence avalanche process, electron and ion transport properties and hence performance of the detector. Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) based photomultipliers offer high gain, fast response, high rate capability and affordable costs with large detection area and efficient detection of light at single photon level and is therefore motivation for studying such detector and related technologies.
In this thesis, a detailed study that concerns the development and performance of UV photon detector, realized by coupling THGEM with semi-transparent CsI photocathode is presented. The initial part of the thesis contains simulation studies carried out to understand the effect of gas properties and geometrical parameters of THGEM on detector’s performance. The simulation tools, ANSYS and Garfield++ allow a detailed calculation of electron avalanche developed across the THGEM hole. The CsI photocathode, used to convert UV photons into electrons is prepared by thermal evaporation technique and characterized to analyze its morphological, structural and optical properties. The challenges such as humid air exposure and damages due to electron bombardment faced during characterization are discussed here. The effect of substrate heating, during CsI film deposition, in enhancing the efficiency and increased surface area coverage, and their optical and photoemission properties are discussed in the work presented here. An improvement of 5%-20% in surface area coverage is observed with the heat treatment during deposition.
A major portion of the thesis focuses on the single electron spectra obtained from the detector realized by coupling THGEM in double-stage mode with semi-transparent photocathode. The dependence of electron spectrum and performance parameters on operating parameters such as drift field, multiplication voltage and transfer field is studied in detail. Detectors are operated in the gain range of 104-105 without any spark or discharge. Simulations are carried out to interpret the experimental observations.
In the next section of the thesis, position sensing capability of the THGEM UV detector has been explored using simulation. Detailed simulation study enables to optimize the parameters affecting spatial resolution for a given THGEM based imaging detector achieving better performance.
Last section of the thesis deals with electroluminescence light produced during avalanche in THGEM UV detector. The light, produced in gas medium by excitation and de-excitation of gas during the electron multiplication across the THGEM holes is simulated using Garfield++. The performance of the detector is evaluated in terms of electroluminescence (EL) yield. It is shown that the EL yield depends on the gas pressure, type of gas and the applied voltage. At atmospheric gas pressure, the EL yield is found to be 105 at a gain of 104. These studies are important to analyse the scintillation capability in order to build position sensitive and large area UV detector with optical readout.
The study reported here enhances understanding of THGEM based UV detectors enabling us to develop highly efficient/sensitive UV detectors for variety of applications in particle physics and astronomy.
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Garai, Baishali. "Development and Performance Study of Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) Based Radiation Detector". Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3440.
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Radiations can be classified as either ionizing or non-ionizing according to whether it ionizes or does not ionize the medium through which they propagate. X-rays photons and gamma rays are the typical examples of ionizing radiations whereas radiowave, heat or visible light are examples of non ionizing radiations. UV photons have some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be harmful to living organisms and to the natural environment. Hence the detection and measurement of radiation is very important for the well being of living organisms as well as the natural environment. Not only for safety reasons, have radiation detectors found their applications in various fields including medical physics, nuclear and particle physics, astronomy and homeland security. Industrial sectors that use radiation detection include medical imaging, security and baggage scanning, the nuclear power industry and defense.
Gas electron multiplier (GEM) is one of the most successful representatives of gaseous detectors used for UV photon and X-ray photon detection.
Recently there is a growing demand for large area photon detectors with sensitivity reaching to the level of single photon. They are used in spectroscopy and imaging in astronomy high energy physics experiments etc. Thick GEM (THGEM) is a mechanical expansion of standard GEM. It has all the necessary requirements needed for large area detector and offers a multiplication factor that permits efficient detection of light. Hence, the development and performance study of THGEM based radiation detector is chosen as the topic of study in the present thesis.
The initial part of the thesis contains simulation studies carried out for the understanding the working of the detector and the effect of various design parameters of THGEM for the above said applications. Different steps for the fabrication of THGEM and the technical challenges faced during the process are discussed. In the view of application of the fabricated THGEM for UV photon detection, cesium iodide photocathode is prepared using thin film technology and characterized. The performance of the photocathode under various operating conditions is
studied in terms of its photoemission property. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photoemission property of the photocathode exposed to moist air is studied in detail.
A major portion of this thesis focuses on maximizing the detection efficiency of the UV photon detector realized using the fabricated THGEM coupled with the cesium iodide photocathode. Simulations are used at different stages to interpret the experimental observations. The electron spectrum obtained from the detector under study was analyzed. The dependence of secondary effect like photon feedback on the operating parameters is also discussed.
The last portion of the thesis deals with the application of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance is evaluated in terms of the gain and energy resolution achieved.
The thesis is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 is divided into two sections. Section A gives a general introduction to different types of radiation detectors found in the present day and their working principles. This is followed by discussion about gas ionization based detector and its working principle in detail. A brief literature survey of the different types of micropattern gas detectors is also given in this section. In Section B of this chapter GEM and THGEM are introduced with discussion about their working principle and areas of application.
Chapter 2 deals with the simulation study of THGEM undertaken to have a clear understanding of the detector’s working. Section A of this chapter gives an overview of the simulation tools used for the present thesis in particular ANSYS and GARFIELD. Section B presents the results of the simulation study highlighting the effects of different geometrical and operating parameters on the electric field distribution in and around the THGEM aperture. The relevance of the study to the detectors performance is discussed vividly for all the cases.
In Chapter 3, the details of the different steps involved in THGEM fabrication are given. Design aspects involved, fabrication of the THGEM using standard PCB technology coupled with photolithography technique are discussed in this chapter. This is followed by an elaborate description of the test setup used for all the performance study.
Preface
In the view of application of THGEM as a UV photon detector, cesium iodide photocathode was prepared and characterized. Chapter 4 discusses about the CsI photocathode preparation and its characterization for the above said application. Photoemission property of the photocathode was analyzed under various operating parameters. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photocathode performance is a new aspect of this thesis. Its correlation with the microstructure of the film is reported for the first time.
Chapter 5 deals with the application of THGEM as a UV photon detector. The study mainly focuses on the improvement of the detection efficiency of the detector. The effect of drift parameters on the electron transfer efficiency and hence on the detection efficiency of the detector is a major contribution of this thesis. There are no literature available which discusses this aspect of a UV photon detector. The experimental study has been supported with simulation results.
In addition to the study on detection efficiency, electron spectrum has also been acquired from the UV photon detector. The spectrum has been analyzed under various operating conditions. Discussions about secondary effects like photon feedback prevailing in the detector output are also present in this chapter.
Chapter 6 presents the results of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance of the detector has been evaluated in terms of the effective gain and energy resolution achieved under different operating conditions. The gain instability with time and its uniformity across the THGEM area are also studied. The effect of drift field on the energy resolution and its correlation with ETE is a new aspect of this work.
Chapter 7 summarizes the salient features of the work presented in this thesis. Also the scope of future work based on this thesis is discussed at the end of the chapter.
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Garai, Baishali. "Development and Performance Study of Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) Based Radiation Detector". Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3440.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Radiations can be classified as either ionizing or non-ionizing according to whether it ionizes or does not ionize the medium through which they propagate. X-rays photons and gamma rays are the typical examples of ionizing radiations whereas radiowave, heat or visible light are examples of non ionizing radiations. UV photons have some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be harmful to living organisms and to the natural environment. Hence the detection and measurement of radiation is very important for the well being of living organisms as well as the natural environment. Not only for safety reasons, have radiation detectors found their applications in various fields including medical physics, nuclear and particle physics, astronomy and homeland security. Industrial sectors that use radiation detection include medical imaging, security and baggage scanning, the nuclear power industry and defense.
Gas electron multiplier (GEM) is one of the most successful representatives of gaseous detectors used for UV photon and X-ray photon detection.
Recently there is a growing demand for large area photon detectors with sensitivity reaching to the level of single photon. They are used in spectroscopy and imaging in astronomy high energy physics experiments etc. Thick GEM (THGEM) is a mechanical expansion of standard GEM. It has all the necessary requirements needed for large area detector and offers a multiplication factor that permits efficient detection of light. Hence, the development and performance study of THGEM based radiation detector is chosen as the topic of study in the present thesis.
The initial part of the thesis contains simulation studies carried out for the understanding the working of the detector and the effect of various design parameters of THGEM for the above said applications. Different steps for the fabrication of THGEM and the technical challenges faced during the process are discussed. In the view of application of the fabricated THGEM for UV photon detection, cesium iodide photocathode is prepared using thin film technology and characterized. The performance of the photocathode under various operating conditions is
studied in terms of its photoemission property. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photoemission property of the photocathode exposed to moist air is studied in detail.
A major portion of this thesis focuses on maximizing the detection efficiency of the UV photon detector realized using the fabricated THGEM coupled with the cesium iodide photocathode. Simulations are used at different stages to interpret the experimental observations. The electron spectrum obtained from the detector under study was analyzed. The dependence of secondary effect like photon feedback on the operating parameters is also discussed.
The last portion of the thesis deals with the application of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance is evaluated in terms of the gain and energy resolution achieved.
The thesis is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 is divided into two sections. Section A gives a general introduction to different types of radiation detectors found in the present day and their working principles. This is followed by discussion about gas ionization based detector and its working principle in detail. A brief literature survey of the different types of micropattern gas detectors is also given in this section. In Section B of this chapter GEM and THGEM are introduced with discussion about their working principle and areas of application.
Chapter 2 deals with the simulation study of THGEM undertaken to have a clear understanding of the detector’s working. Section A of this chapter gives an overview of the simulation tools used for the present thesis in particular ANSYS and GARFIELD. Section B presents the results of the simulation study highlighting the effects of different geometrical and operating parameters on the electric field distribution in and around the THGEM aperture. The relevance of the study to the detectors performance is discussed vividly for all the cases.
In Chapter 3, the details of the different steps involved in THGEM fabrication are given. Design aspects involved, fabrication of the THGEM using standard PCB technology coupled with photolithography technique are discussed in this chapter. This is followed by an elaborate description of the test setup used for all the performance study.
Preface
In the view of application of THGEM as a UV photon detector, cesium iodide photocathode was prepared and characterized. Chapter 4 discusses about the CsI photocathode preparation and its characterization for the above said application. Photoemission property of the photocathode was analyzed under various operating parameters. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photocathode performance is a new aspect of this thesis. Its correlation with the microstructure of the film is reported for the first time.
Chapter 5 deals with the application of THGEM as a UV photon detector. The study mainly focuses on the improvement of the detection efficiency of the detector. The effect of drift parameters on the electron transfer efficiency and hence on the detection efficiency of the detector is a major contribution of this thesis. There are no literature available which discusses this aspect of a UV photon detector. The experimental study has been supported with simulation results.
In addition to the study on detection efficiency, electron spectrum has also been acquired from the UV photon detector. The spectrum has been analyzed under various operating conditions. Discussions about secondary effects like photon feedback prevailing in the detector output are also present in this chapter.
Chapter 6 presents the results of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance of the detector has been evaluated in terms of the effective gain and energy resolution achieved under different operating conditions. The gain instability with time and its uniformity across the THGEM area are also studied. The effect of drift field on the energy resolution and its correlation with ETE is a new aspect of this work.
Chapter 7 summarizes the salient features of the work presented in this thesis. Also the scope of future work based on this thesis is discussed at the end of the chapter.
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張簡美新. "Evaluation of the photo-protective efficiency of commonly used UV filters in sunscreens by in vivo detection of protein carbonylation in human stratum corneum". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35999405972556727166.
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碩士美和科技大學
健康與生技產業研究所
100
We have established an in vivo test platform to detect the changes of exposed protein carbonyl group level in the most outer layer of human stratum corneum (SC). In this study, seven commonly used UV filters in sunscreens and one combination of UV filters have been examined. An oil-in-water emulsion delivery was used, and the concentration of the UV filter in every emulsion formulation was 5 % (w/w). The formula of each emulsion was tested by single blind trials with the participation of five healthy male volunteers. The backside skin of forearm was divided equally into the experimental and the control areas. Topical application was administered once (morning) at a dosage of 3.0±0.2 mg/cm2 and exposed sunlight with an accumulative time of 12 min per day for 2 weeks (the same as the turnover time of SC). The results indicated that octocrylene (OCR) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) have excellent photo-protective efficiency and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) had better than average photo-protective efficiency. Benzophenone-3 (BP3)jpossessedjmoderatejphoto-protectivejefficiency.2-Phenylbenzimidazole- 5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) showed photo-protective efficiency less than the average. Octyl salicylate (OSA) and homosalate (HSA) displayed a low photo-protective efficiency. The combination of UV filters, BMDM and OMC represented synergistic effect. Our data suggested that this platform not only is able to assess the antioxidative capability of antioxidants but also to evaluate the photo-protective efficiency of UV filters. The platform set up in the current study can be potentially used for quantifying the photo-protective efficiency of commercial sunscreen products.
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Abbaszadeh, Shiva. "Indirect conversion amorphous selenium photodetectors for medical imaging applications". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8167.
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The innovative design of flat panel volume computed tomography (CT) systems has recently led to the emergence of a wide spectrum of new applications for both diagnostic and interventional purposes, such as ultra-high resolution bone imaging, image guided interventions, dynamic CT angiography, and interventional neuroradiology. Most of these applications require low X-ray dose to limit potential harm to the patient. One of the main challenges of low dose imaging is to maintain a quantum noise limited system to achieve the highest possible signal to noise ratio (SNR) at a given dose. One potential method to achieve a quantum noise limited system is to employ a high gain detector. Current flat panel CT technology is based on indirect conversion detectors that contain a scintillator and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n photodetectors which have a gain below unity and require a specialized p-layer.
In this thesis, an alternative detector to the p-i-n photodetector, which can achieve gain above unity and thus aid in achieving quantum noise limited systems is investigated for large area flat panel imaging. The proposed detector is based on amorphous selenium (a-Se). Amorphous selenium is the most highly developed photoconductor for large area direct conversion X-ray imaging and is still the only commercially available large area direct conversion flat panel X-ray detector. However, the use of a-Se for indirect conversion imaging has not been significantly explored. Amorphous selenium has field dependent mobility and conversion efficiency, which increase with increasing electric field. It is also the only large area compatible avalanche-capable material; a property that was discovered more than 30 years ago. This unique property could be leveraged to provide the gain necessary for low dose medical imaging applications.
The only current commercial avalanche capable a-Se optical detector uses electron beam readout in vacuum, which is not large area compatible and makes integration with pixelated readout electronics challenging. The detector structure proposed in this research seeks to address the challenges associated with integration of an avalanche capable a-Se detector with large area X-ray imager. One important aspect in the development of a-Se avalanche detectors is reducing the dark current and preventing a-Se breakdown as the electric field across the device is increased. A high dark current reduces the dynamic range of the detector, it increases the noise level, and it can lead to crystallization of the detector due to joule heating. To overcome the dark current problem, different blocking layers that allow for integration with large area flat panel imagers were investigated. Experimental results from fabricated devices provided the basis for the choice of the most suitable blocking layer. Two device structures are proposed using the selected blocking layer, a vertical structure and a lateral structure, each having associated benefits and drawbacks. It was shown that introducing a polyimide blocking layer brought down the dark current more than four orders of magnitude at high electric fields and does not deteriorate the charge transport properties of the detectors. The polyimide blocking layer also greatly minimizes physical stress related crystallization in a-Se improving reliability. Gain above unity was observed in the vertical structure and the initiation of impact ionization was verified by performing time-of-flight experiments. Although impact ionization was not verified in the lateral structure, this device structure was found to be highly sensitive to ultraviolet light due to the absence of a top contact layer. Devices were fabricated on several different substrates, including a CMOS substrate, to demonstrate their integration compatibility with large area readout electronics. The exhibited performance of the vertical device structure demonstrates that it is a suitable alternative to the p-i-n photodetector for low dose imaging applications.
Książki na temat "UV photon detector"
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Wright, A. G. The Photomultiplier Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.001.0001.
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This handbook is aimed at helping users of PMTs who are faced with the challenge of designing sensitive light detectors for scientific and industrial purposes. The raison d’être for photomultipliers (PMTs) stems from four intrinsic attributes: large detection area, high, and noiseless gain, and wide bandwidth. Detection involves a conversion process from photons to photoelectrons at the photocathode. Photoelectrons are subsequently collected and increased in number by the action of an incorporated electron multiplier. Photon detection, charge multiplication, and many PMT applications are statistical in nature. For this reason appropriate statistical treatments are provided and derived from first principles. PMTs are characterized by a range of photocathodes offering detection over UV to infra-red wavelengths, the sensitivities of which can be calibrated by National Laboratories. The optical interface between light sources and PMTs, particularly for diffuse or uncollimated light, is sparsely covered in the scientific literature. The theory of light guides, Winston cones, and other light concentrators points to means for optimizing light collection subject to the constraints of Liouville’s theorem (étandue). Certain PMTs can detect single photons but are restricted by the limitations of unwanted background ranging in magnitude from a fraction of a photoelectron equivalent to hundreds of photoelectrons. These sources, together with their correlated nature, are examined in detail. Photomultiplier biasing requires a voltage divider comprising a series of resistors or active components, such as FETs. Correct biasing provides the key to linear operation and so considerable attention is given to the treatment of this topic. Electronic circuits and modules that perform the functions of charge to voltage conversion, pulse shaping, and impedance matching are analysed in detail.
Części książek na temat "UV photon detector"
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Schühle, Udo, i Jean-François Hochedez. "Solar-blind UV detectors based on wide band gap semiconductors". W Observing Photons in Space, 467–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7804-1_26.
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Hasegawa, Miki, i Yasuchika Hasegawa. "Triboluminescence of Lanthanide Complexes". W The Materials Research Society Series, 105–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_7.
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AbstractThe photoluminescence of lanthanide complexes originating from f–f transitions is generally sensitized through energy transfer from the ligand to the lanthanide ion in the excited state under UV irradiation. This phenomenon is known as the photo-antenna effect. Luminescence driven by mechanical stimuli, such as tapping or rubbing, is called mechanoluminescence or triboluminescence (TL). In recent years, reports on TL in rare-earth complexes, which have attracted attention as novel luminescent materials that do not require an electrical excitation source, have steadily increased. In this chapter, we focus on triboluminescent lanthanide complexes. Specifically, we introduce the history and detection methods of TL and cite recent examples of materials demonstrating this phenomenon, particularly coordination polymer-like and discrete molecular crystalline lanthanide complexes. Finally, we summarize the application prospects of these complexes as soft crystals.
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Kolanoski, Hermann, i Norbert Wermes. "Photodetectors". W Particle Detectors, 405–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858362.003.0010.
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The chapter covers photodetectors for photons in the optical and near UV range (about 200 nm to 700 nm). Important for particle and astroparticle experiments are photodetectors which detect light generated in scintillation or Cherenkov detectors, for example. The detection of photons always starts with the generation of an electron by photoeffect at a photocathode. The photoelectron can then be either multiplied in a photomultiplier tube by secondary electron emission or the cathode could be the surface of a semiconductor detector; both techniques can also be combined in hybrid photodetectors. A relatively new semiconductor detector is the silicon photomultiplier using an avalanche operation mode to obtain sufficiently large signals. In the last section the different photodetectors are compared and are assigned to typical applications according to their properties.
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"UV Photon Detection and Localization". W Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors, 203–34. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811222221_0007.
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Jordan, Robert B. "Inorganic Photochemistry". W Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.003.0009.
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Electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV and visible light has long been used as a reactant in inorganic reactions. The energy of light in the 200- to 800-nm region varies between 143 and 36 kcal mol-1, so it is not surprising that chemical bonds can be affected when a system absorbs light in this readily accessible region. Systematic mechanistic studies in this area have benefited greatly from the development of lasers that provided intense monochromatic light sources and from improvements in actinometers to measure the light intensity. Prior to the laser era, it was necessary to use filters to limit the energy of the light used to a moderately narrow region or to just cut off light below a certain wavelength. Pulsed-laser systems also allow much faster monitoring of the early stages of the reaction and the detection of primary photolysis intermediates. The systems discussed in this chapter have been chosen because of their relationship to substitution reaction systems discussed previously. For a broader assessment of this area, various books and review articles should be consulted. Mechanistic photochemistry incorporates features of both electron-transfer and substitution reactions, but the field has some of its own terminology, which is summarized as follows: The quantum yield,F , is the number of defined events, in terms of reactant or product, that occur per photon absorbed by the system. An einstein, E, is defined as a mole of photons, and if n is the moles of reactant consumed or product formed, then F = n/E. For simple reactions F£ 1 but can be >1 for chain reactions. An actinometer is a device used to measure the number of einsteins emitted at a particular wavelength by a particular light source. Photon-counting devices are now available and secondary chemical actinometers have been developed, such as that based on the Reineckate ion, Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4-, as well as the traditional iron(III)-oxalate and uranyl-oxalate actinometers. An early problem in this field was the lack of an actinometer covering the 450- to 600-nm range and the Reineckate actinometer solved this problem.
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Perera, A. G. U. "Homo- and Heterojunction Interfacial Workfunction Internal Photo-Emission Detectors from UV to IR". W Advances in Infrared Photodetectors, 243–302. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-381337-4.00005-x.
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Kurosawa, Shunsuke. "A Novel Position-Sensitive Radiation Detector Using a Gaseous Photomultiplier and an UV Scintillator". W International Workshop on New Photon Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.090.0011.
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Uslenghi, Michela C., Daniele Faccini, Mauro Fiorini, Salvatore Incorvaia, Giorgio Toso, Luca Schettini, Marco Carminati i in. "Development of a novel photon counting detector for UV spectrographs". W X-Ray, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy X, redaktorzy Andrew D. Holland i James Beletic. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2632293.
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Conti, Lauro, Jürgen Barnstedt, Sebastian J. Diebold, Markus Höltzli, Christoph Kalkuhl, Norbert Kappelmann, Thomas Rauch i in. "A photon counting imaging detector for UV space missions". W Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, redaktorzy Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Kazuhiro Nakazawa i Shouleh Nikzad. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2628735.
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Ambily, S., Joice Mathew, Mayuresh Sarpotdar, A. G. Sreejith, K. Nirmal, Ajin Prakash, Margarita Safonova i Jayant Murthy. "Near UV imager with an MCP-based photon counting detector". W SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, redaktorzy Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Tadayuki Takahashi i Marshall Bautz. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2232435.
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Illing, Rainer M. E., Neal H. Zaun i Richard L. Bybee. "Image Motion Compensation Using a Photon-Counting UV/Visible Detector". W 1988 Technical Symposium on Optics, Electro-Optics, and Sensors, redaktor Robert E. Huffman. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.946896.
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Dangendorf, Volker, Amos Breskin, Rachel Chechik i Horst W. Schmidt-Boecking. "X-ray imaging gas scintillation detector with CsI-wire chamber UV-photon readout". W Astronomy '90, Tucson AZ, 11-16 Feb 90, redaktor David L. Crawford. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19153.
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Kopeika, Norman S., J. Peleg, Moshe Cohen i A. Abramovitch. "Sensitive gas tube near-UV photon-counting detector based on excited-state photoionization". W SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, redaktorzy Richard B. Hoover i Mark W. Tate. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180006.
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Siegmund, O. H. W., M. Lampton, J. Bixler, S. Chakrabarti, J. Vallerga, S. Bowyer i R. F. Malina. "Wedge and Strip Image Readout Systems for Photon Counting Detectors in Space Astronomy". W Quantum-Limited Imaging and Image Processing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qlip.1986.ma3.
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We discuss the application of wedge and strip anodes to microchannel plate detector systems for extreme and far ultraviolet, and visible wavelengths. Performance data, obtained as a result of calibration of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite (EUVE) [1] detectors (open face) and the Faust-Spacelab far UV sensors [2] (sealed tube, proximity CsI cathode, Figure 1), is presented. The flexibility of anode design structures for differing applications and performance in terms of spatial resolution, image linearity and stability, counting rate capability, and small scale differential linearity and stability are considered.
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Salit, Marc L., John C. Travis i Michael R. Winchester. "Practical Wavelength Calibration Considerations for UV-Vis FTS". W Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.1995.fsac3.
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Wavelength accuracy is a key characteristic of FTS, and impressive results are available with relative ease. Assuming adequate signal-to-noise ratio, wavelength uncertainty arises from two primary phenomena — the effect of using a finite size aperture (and photon detector), and from cosine errors arising from imperfect alignment of the sample and reference beams. These effects are typically small enough to ensure uncalibrated accuracy of about 1 part in 105. Significant improvement can be attained through a single point, multiplicative calibration approach, which has been reported to reduce uncertainties to several parts in 108. In fact, relative line positions for strong lines within a given spectrum can be determined with a precision of several parts in 109. [1]
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Seljak, Andrej, Gary Varner, John Vallerga, Rick Raffanti, Camden Ertley i Vihtori Virta. "ASICs and Readout System for a multi Mpixel single photon UV imaging detector capable of space applications". W Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.313.0025.
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