Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Utilisation of energy

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Utilisation of energy”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 18 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Smith, J. C. "Utilisation of energy". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 92, nr 1-2 (1987): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000009623.

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SynopsisEnergy requirements in primitive societies in the past are estimated and compared with present energy requirements in the Third World. The interaction between the energy policy of the industrialised countries and fuel availability in the Third World is outlined. Conservation and substitution in industrialised countries are discussed. The different patterns observed in Sweden, France, Japan and the United Kingdom of the behaviour of the ratio of electricity consumption to fossil fuel consumption in recent years is detailed and interpreted. Attention is drawn to some very successful examples of electro-utilisation in Britain. Finally the question is raised of the Scottish economy's response to the opportunities presented by the combination of electro-utilisation and computerisation.
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Vincze, Stephen A. "Energy. Solar energy utilisation in Europe". Electronics and Power 31, nr 5 (1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ep.1985.0229.

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Mateos, E., i J. González. "Biomass Utilisation in Energy Process". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, nr 08 (kwiecień 2010): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj08.708.

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Reay, D. A. "Innovation in process energy utilisation". Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 8, nr 4 (styczeń 1988): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(88)90033-6.

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Franković, Bernard, Branimir Hrastnik i Claudia Jedriško. "Thermal utilisation of solar energy". Renewable Energy 16, nr 1-4 (styczeń 1999): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00246-8.

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Fleming, Robert S., James C. Janssen i Thomas Woolley. "Technology Utilisation at Oryx Energy". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 10, nr 4-5 (wrzesień 1992): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879201000403.

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The petroleum industry has achieved major improvements in recent years in finding, developing and producing oil and gas. These improvements have been through advances in all facets of technology including computer and workstation technologies as well as horizontal drilling. Oryx Energy has aggressively applied these new techniques to improve its competitive edge. The company uses the Unix workstation systems which allow simultaneous multiple processing and improved performance and graphics. The company's Amdahl mainframe is the hub of a worldwide network of business and scientific computers. These computers use advanced geoscience and engineering software. For example, geoscience software allows sophisticated analysis and interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data. Oryx Energy's worldwide network also allows different specialist teams of engineers, geologists and geophysicists in different locations to provide more effective, integrated evaluations of data resulting in increased success rates.
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Glencross, Brett D., David Blyth, Nicholas Bourne, Susan Cheers, Simon Irvin i Nicholas M. Wade. "An analysis of partial efficiencies of energy utilisation of different macronutrients by barramundi (Lates calcarifer) shows that starch restricts protein utilisation in carnivorous fish". British Journal of Nutrition 117, nr 4 (28.02.2017): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517000307.

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AbstractThis study examined the effect of including different dietary proportions of starch, protein and lipid, in diets balanced for digestible energy, on the utilisation efficiencies of dietary energy by barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Each diet was fed at one of three ration levels (satiety, 80 % of initial satiety and 60 % of initial satiety) for a 42-d period. Fish performance measures (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) were all affected by dietary energy source. The efficiency of energy utilisation was significantly reduced in fish fed the starch diet relative to the other diets, but there were no significant effects between the other macronutrients. This reduction in efficiency of utilisation was derived from a multifactorial change in both protein and lipid utilisation. The rate of protein utilisation deteriorated as the amount of starch included in the diet increased. Lipid utilisation was most dramatically affected by inclusion levels of lipid in the diet, with diets low in lipid producing component lipid utilisation rates well above 1·3, which indicates substantial lipid synthesis from other energy sources. However, the energetic cost of lipid gain was as low as 0·65 kJ per kJ of lipid deposited, indicating that barramundi very efficiently store energy in the form of lipid, particularly from dietary starch energy. This study defines how the utilisation efficiency of dietary digestible energy by barramundi is influenced by the macronutrient source providing that energy, and that the inclusion of starch causes problems with protein utilisation in this species.
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Jones, A. P., i N. Counsell. "Davyhulme Sewage Treatment Works Effective Energy Utilisation". Water Science and Technology 20, nr 4-5 (1.04.1988): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0174.

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The paper offers a brief description of Davyhulme Sewage Treatment Works, which serves the City of Manchester. The Works, the largest in North West Water area, is regionally of strategic importance. It influences Authority policy in sludge disposal and has a significant environmental impact on the Mersey Estuary. During the period 1983/1985 a new anaerobic digestion plant was constructed at the works. In conjunction with this scheme, an energy saving project was designed to fully utilise all the gas produced and generate electricity. The plant uses spark ignition engines with the provision of waste heat utilisation, and operates in parallel with existing dual fuel engines. The paper describes this plant and details operating experiences over the first year and a half, exploring how energy has been saved to the point where the works can be almost self sufficient in electricity production. It is now intended to extend the scheme further, so that the works becomes a nett exporter of electricity, and the paper outlines the design of this second stage. Total power savings of some ₤700,000 pa have already been achieved and it is hoped to increase this to over ₤1,000,000 pa on completion of the second stage.
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Đurđević, Dejana. "Utilisation of wind energy potential in Montenegro". Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, nr 46-2 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zbdght1701001d.

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Thompson, Michael B., i Brian K. Speake. "Energy and nutrient utilisation by embryonic reptiles". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, nr 3 (listopad 2002): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00188-5.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Bennett, Matt. "Auditing energy utilisation in conurbations". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341048.

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Paton, Joe Bramwell. "Energy utilisation in commercial bread baking". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4666/.

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The aim of this project was to benchmark energy utilisation of bread manufacturing and to provide methodologies and results with the aim of improving efficiency in commercial bakeries. The bread industry is an important provider of staple food products across the world. Owing to the large energy use in bread manufacturing, bakeries have come under increased scrutiny to reduce their environmental impact. The proving process exposes dough to heat and humidity in order to encourage yeast activation. Provers (responsible for 5 % of carbon emissions in bakeries) are over-engineered to the extent that energy costs impact upon performance. The industry standard practices that use large volumes of airflow to maintain food safety have not been scientifically justified. Experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations showed the residence time distribution profiles for different numbers of air changes. The results have indicated that it is possible to reduce airflow by 33 % and electricity demand by over 70 %. A system-level thermodynamic analysis was developed in order to measure and model heat streams in industrial bread ovens. The model was subjected to a sensitivity analysis to ensure the calculations could be trusted to give suitably accurate results. A number of measurement techniques were employed and the methodology was designed to increase the potential for industry-wide use to assess the efficiency of ovens. The results showed that between 40 and 49 % of heat is wasted in industrial ovens. The model has been successfully distributed to industry. Experimental measurements of heat transfer for a range of regimes used in baking ovens were undertaken. The results were validated by previous correlations published in literature. Investigation focussed on three particular novel research areas. Firstly, comparisons between nozzle types showed that rows of circular jets could be approximated as slot nozzles for mean heat transfer. Secondly, the ratio of convective to radiative heat transfer was investigated. Thirdly, the prevalence of secondary peaks in local heat flux profiles was compared for two nozzle sets. These unique results can be used to help design baking ovens with energy efficient operating conditions.
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Hattan, Andrew Joseph. "Energy utilisation in high yielding dairy cows". Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288678.

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Scollan, N. D. "Biochemical aspects of energy utilisation in ruminants". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27354.

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The activities of acetyl-CoA hydrolase and acetyl-CoA synthetase and the influence of diet and feeding level on them were investigated in various ovine tissues and used to determine both the potential rate of substrate cycling between acetate and acetyl-CoA and the contribution of this cycle to energy expenditure in the ruminant. Two experiments, using lambs, were conducted in an attempt to further understand biochemical pathways which may influence the efficiency of utilisation of ME and explain why this is lower for fibre (sugarbeet pulp) when compared to starch (barley) based diets. The influence of carbohydrate source, feeding level and protein level on plasma concentrations of acetate, glucose and insulin and the rates of acetate incorporation into CO2 and lipid were studied. ATP-stimulated acetyl-CoA hydrolase is present in rumen epithelium, muscle and the cytoplasm of ovine liver but not in perirenal adipose tissue, and it is not inactivated by cold. 'Mitochondrial' acetyl-CoA hydrolase was detected in all tissues investigated. The activities of acetyl-CoA hydrolase and acetyl-CoA synthetase tended to be higher in perirenal adipose tissue of lambs fed on sugar beet diets and their activities decreased with increasing level of feeding (P< 0.05). Variation in plasma characteristics were more easily observed in lambs fed semi-continuously compared to lambs which received their ration once daily. Higher levels of crude protein in the diet resulted in lower plasma acetate concentrations (P< 0.05). The rates of acetate incorporation into CO2 and lipid were influenced by acetate (P< 0.01), glucose (P< 0.0001) and insulin (P< 0.01). Higher levels of crude protein in the diet resulted in greater rates of acetate incorporation into lipid (P< 0.05) whereas feeding sugarbeet pulp resulted in increased rates of acetate incorporation into CO2 (P< 0.05). A technique involving open column ion exchange chromatography, freeze drying and HPLC was developed for the concentration and separation of plasma organic acids. Organic acid recoveries were 43-69%. An experiment was conducted to investigate the activity of the substrate cycle between acetate and acetyl-CoA in calf liver in vivo. Several problems were encountered, notably huge variation in blood flows (including negative rates). This introduced large variation into the calculated fluxes and no meaningful conclusions were made. It was calculated from enzyme measurements made in vitro, that the substrate cycle in ovine liver may potentially account for 2.5% of basal heat production. It is suggested that the efficiency of utilisation of ME is related to glucose homeostasis, involving VFA and protein metabolism.
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Parand, Foroutan. "Solar energy utilisation and evacuated tubular solar collectors". Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292989.

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Kirkland, Richard Mervyn. "Energy partitioning and utilisation in lactating dairy cows". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326343.

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Gustafsson, Filip. "Waste heat recovery systems : Fuel energy utilisation for a marine defence platform". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19681.

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This report is a thesis for BTH in collaboration with the company Saab Kockums AB. In order to meet future environmental and economical demands, a vessel must reduce its fuel consumption to have a smaller climate impact and save money. Waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) captures the thermal energy generated from a process that is not used but dumped into the environment and transfers it back to the system. Thermal energy storage (TES) is the method of storing thermal energy which allows heat to be used whenever necessary. Some applications of TES are seasonal storage, where summer heat is stored for use in the winter or when ice is produced during off-peak periods and used for cooling later. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of utilising a vessel’s waste heat by converting thermal energy into electrical energy. This thesis also aims to investigate conditions for SaltX Technology’s nano-coated salt as a potential solution for thermal energy storage. Initially, the expectations and requirements a future WHRS were investigated in a function analysis. Continuously, the method consisted of a combination of a literature review and dialogue with stakeholders. The literature review was used as a tool to identify, select and study concepts of interest built on scientifically proven facts. Dialogues with stake holders were held as a complement to the literature study to find information. The study showed that an organic Rankine cycle has the highest efficiency for low-medium temperature heat and is therefore most suitable to recover thermal energy from the cooling water. The concept of a steam Rankine cycle is most suitable for recovering thermal energy from the exhaust gases for direct use.The study obtained conditions and important properties for storing thermal energy in salt for later use. Finally, the result showed that a Stirling engine is the most efficient concept for conversion of stored energy into electrical energy. The conclusions are that there are great possibilities for waste heat recovery on marine defence platforms. A Stirling engine for energy conversion in combinations with thermal energy storage shows most promise as a future waste heat recovery system on this type of marine platform.
Denna rapport är ett examensarbete för BTH i samarbete med företaget Saab Kockums AB. Arbetet utforskar möjligheterna att möta framtida miljömässiga och ekonomiska krav genom att låta fartyg minska sin bränsleförbrukning. System för återvinning av spillvärme (WHRS) fångar upp värmeenergi som vanligtvis kyls ner eller släpps ut i naturen och för den tillbaka till systemet. Termisk energilagring (TES) är metoder för lagring av värme som gör det möjligt att använda termisk energi när det behövs. Vissa applikationer av TES är säsongslagring, där sommarvärme lagras för användning på vintern eller när is produceras under vintern och används för kylning senare. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka möjligheterna att utnyttja ett fartygs spillvärme genom att omvandla termisk energi till elektrisk energi. Detta examensarbete syftar också till att undersöka förhållandena för hur SaltX Technology’s nanobelagda salt kan användas som en potentiell lösning för lagring av termisk energi. Inledningsvis undersöktes WHRS:s förväntningar och krav i en funktionsanalys. Fortsättningsvis bestod metoden av en kombination av en litteraturstudie och dialoger med intressenter. Litteraturstudien användes som ett verktyg för att identifiera, välja och studera intressanta koncept baserade på vetenskapligt beprövade fakta. Dialoger hölls som ett komplement till litteraturstudien för att hitta information. Studien visade att en organisk Rankine-cykel har den högsta verkningsgraden för låg-medelhög temperatur och därför är bäst lämpad för att återvinna energi buren i kylvattnet samt att en ång-Rankine-cykel är bäst lämpad för att utnyttja energin från avgaserna för direkt användning. Studien erhöll förhållanden för termisk energilagring i salt samt viktiga parametrar för systemet. Slutligen visade resultatet att en Stirlingmotor är det mest effektiva konceptet för omvandling av lagrad energi till elektrisk energi. Slutsatserna är att det finns stora möjligheter för återvinning av restvärme på marina försvarsplattformar. En Stirlingmotor för energiomvandling i kombination med termisk energilagring visar störst potential som ett framtida system för återvinning av spillvärme på denna typen av plattformar.
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Huggett, Anthony Court. "Energy utilisation in selected industrial sectors in South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21800.

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This thesis presents tha findings of an investigation into the use of energy, between the years 1975 and 1984, in five of the major energy-intensive industries in South Africa. Energy use in all economic sectors, from 1964 to 1974, was surveyed in the report "Energy Utilisation in South Africa", published by the Department of Planning and the Environment in 1978. As this report showed the major primary industries to be the largest single users of energy in South Africa, it was decided to isolate a number of major energy-intensive industries for investigation in this study. The 1979 Census of Manufacturing showed five industrial sectors to have consumed 41% by value of the total industrial energy consumption in that year, and it is those with which this thesis is concerned. The five industries are: The Structural Clay Products Industry, The Portland Cement Industry, The Glass Making Industry, The Iron and Steel Industry, The Pulp and Paper Industry.
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Curran, R. "Utilisation of the Wells turbine for wave energy conversion". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318884.

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Beute, Nico. "Domestic utilisation of electrical grid energy in South Africa". Thesis, Potchefstroom University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2187.

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Thesis (PhD (Electrical Engineering))--Potchefstroom University, 1993.
The domestic sector is one of the largest users of nett energy in the RSA (24%, excluding energy used for transport), but it accounts for only 14% of the electrical energy used in the RSA. There is a very strong correlation between the time of the peak of the load for the domestic sector and the time of the peak of the national load. The domestic load is the largest contributor to the peak of the national load. This makes the domestic load more important than is generally realised. Only limited research has been done about the ways in which domestic energy is used in South Africa. Developed countries, such as the United States of America, are continuously engaged in end-use load research, so they have vast data banks available on domestic end-uses of electricity. Data on domestic end-use of electricity are urgently needed especially for South Africa with its very fast growing newly urbanised sector. Since most energy sources are not replenishable, ways and means must be found to promote the wise and effective use of all forms of energy. Effective use of energy can only be promoted if the ways in which electricity is used are known. In this dissertation the electrical energy requirements of the South African domestic sector are analyzed for the present situation and for the next few decades. A model is developed to represent the electrical load. The model has subsections representing the components of the national domestic electrical load, concentrating on electrical energy for domestic water heating, with responses to factors such as: * population growth, * urbanisation, * electrification, * energy efficiency of appliances, * consumer awareness of energy conservation. The model is to be used for scenario planning of the electrical grid. The results of this study will assist to ensure effective planning of the electrical grid of South Africa into the next century.
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Książki na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Energy: Resources, utilisation, and policies. Malabar, Fla: Krieger, 2009.

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International, R&D Conference (1995 New Delhi India). Water & energy, 2001: Needs, development, utilisation. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1996.

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Osterhage, Wolfgang. Energy Utilisation: The Opportunities and Limits. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79404-0.

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Omer, Abdeen Mustafa. Utilisation and development of solar and wind resources. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Parand, Foroutan. Solar energy utilisation and evacuted tubular solar collectors. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1986.

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Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. Sustainability assessment of biomas energy utilisation in selected East Asian countries. Jakarta]: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2010.

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Woodruff, Allison. Workshop report: Sustainable utilisation of renewable energy on solar photovoltaic systems. Suva, Fiji Islands: Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission, 2008.

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International, R&D Conference (1st 1995 New Delhi India). Water & energy, 2001: Needs, development, utilisation : International R&D Conference. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1996.

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IUTAM Symposium (1985 Lisbon, Portugal). Hydrodynamics of ocean wave-energy utilisation: IUTAM Symposium, Lisbon, Portugal, 1985. Redaktorzy Evans D. V i Falcao, A. F. de O. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Salisbury, Lutishoor. Alternative sources of energy utilisation in the Caribbean: A guide to sources. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.

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Części książek na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Hau, Erich. "Offshore Wind Energy Utilisation". W Wind Turbines, 677–718. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9_17.

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Osterhage, Wolfgang. "Energy Balances". W Energy Utilisation: The Opportunities and Limits, 5–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79404-0_2.

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Osterhage, Wolfgang. "Smart Energy". W Energy Utilisation: The Opportunities and Limits, 145–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79404-0_7.

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Bertau, Martin, Hans Jürgen Wernicke, Friedrich Schmidt, Ulrich-Dieter Standt, Frank Seyfried, Stefan Buchholz, Gereon Busch i in. "Methanol Utilisation Technologies". W Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future, 327–601. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39709-7_6.

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Osterhage, Wolfgang. "Types of Energy Generation". W Energy Utilisation: The Opportunities and Limits, 103–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79404-0_4.

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Ramírez Ramírez, A. "Chapter 13. Carbon Capture and Utilisation". W Energy and Environment Series, 426–46. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012744-00426.

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Swaine, D. J. "The Formation, Composition and Utilisation of Flyash". W Energy & Environment, 204–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8496-8_11.

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Zhi, Liu, i Wang Zhe. "Coal resources and coal utilisation in China". W China's Energy Security, 22–45. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315690926-2.

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Osterhage, Wolfgang. "Physical Fundamentals of Energy Utilization". W Energy Utilisation: The Opportunities and Limits, 31–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79404-0_3.

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Tiess, Günter. "Utilisation of non-energy raw materials". W General and International Mineral Policy, 39–53. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89005-9_2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Adamovič, A., V. Dubrovskis i R. Platače. "Productivity of industrial hemp and its utilisation for anaerobic digestion". W ENERGY QUEST 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eq140982.

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Keane, Andrew, i Mark O'Malley. "Optimal Utilisation of Distribution Networks for Energy Harvesting". W 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385482.

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Evans, Michael, Simon H. Tindemans i David Angeli. "Robustly Maximal Utilisation of Energy-Constrained Distributed Resources". W 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/pscc.2018.8443058.

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Nkwetta, Dan Nchelatebe, Vu Van Thong, Johan Driesen i Ronnie Belmans. "Energy sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa". W 9th International Conference - Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epqu.2007.4424224.

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Robinson, David, Shenghong Sun, Ram Parashar i Liangzhong Yao. "The Utilisation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Substations". W 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918928.

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Safar, Michal, Helena Raclavska, Karla Krystofova, Konstantin Raclavsky, Marek Kucbel, Barbora Svedova i Dalibor Matysek. "Problems with utilisation of engineering wood for energy purposes". W 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2017.7967300.

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SARMENTO, A. J. N. A., F. NEUMANN i A. BRITO-MELO. "NON-TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO LARGE-SCALE WAVE ENERGY UTILISATION". W 2004 New and Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812707437_0020.

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MOHAMED, Khalid, Henok K. WOLDE i Salma M. S. Alarefi. "Optimal Space Utilisation for Solar Powered EV Charging Station". W 2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon48941.2020.9236538.

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Mielczarski, Wladyslaw. "Energy efficiency and quality in the European energy policy". W 2009 10th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation - (EPQU). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epqu.2009.5318817.

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Tröschel, Martin, i Ontje Lünsdorf. "Conjoint generation management and load adaption for an optimised power grid utilisation". W Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5590122.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Utilisation of energy"

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Shaw, Dave, i Nipunika Perera. Rapid desk based study: Factors at country level influencing choice in utilisation of energy resource potential. Evidence on Demand, luty 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.feb2013.shaw_perera.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, i Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), luty 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti i Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.
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Dorr, Andrea, Eva Heckl i Joachim Kaufmann. Evaluierung des Förderschwerpunkts Talente. KMU Forschung Austria, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.495.

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With the funding programme Talents, the Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK) supports people in applied research throughout their entire career. The overarching goal is to increase the utilisation of human potential in the application-oriented, scientific and technical RTI sector. The programme objectives are 1) to inspire young people for research and development, 2) to connect researchers with the economic sector, 3)to guarantee equal opportunities for all. Within the framework of three fields of intervention, there are various programme lines: 1) Intervention field Young Talents with the programme lines Internships for Students and Talents Regional, 2) Intervention field Female Talents with the programme lines FEMtech Internships for Female Students, FEMtech Career and FEMtech Career Check for SMEs (2015 and 2016), as well as FEMtech Research Projects; and 3) Intervention field Professional Talents with the programme lines The Austrian Job Exchange for Research, Development and Innovation as well as Career Grants for Interviews, Relocation and Dual Careers in Applied Research. After an interim evaluation in 2014, a final evaluation took place at the end of the programme period (end of 2020). The programme was analysed with regard to its conception, implementation, achievement of objectives and impact. Furthermore, conclusions and recommendations for the further development of the Talents programme have been drawn. The methodological basis of the evaluation is a document analysis, secondary data analysis (FFG monitoring data), interviews with experts, online surveys of funding recipients (FEMtech Career / FEMtech Career Check for SMEs and Career Grants), case studies (FEMtech Career projects) and workshops.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten i Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, lipiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Guidati, Gianfranco, i Domenico Giardini. Synthèse conjointe «Géothermie» du PNR «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), luty 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_pnr70_pnr71.2020.4.fr.

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La géothermie de faible profondeur avec des pompes à chaleur correspond à l’état actuel de la technique et est déjà largement répandue en Suisse. Au sein du futur système énergétique, la géothermie de moyenne à grande profondeur (1 à 6 km) devrait également jouer un rôle important, notamment en matière de fourniture de chaleur pour les bâtiments et les process industriels. Cette forme d’utilisation de la chaleur géothermique nécessite un sous-sol bien perméable, permettant à un fluide – généralement de l’eau – d’engranger la chaleur naturellement présente dans la roche et de la transporter jusqu’à la surface. Dans les roches sédimentaires, cette condition est généralement vérifiée du fait de la structure naturelle, tandis que dans les granites et les gneiss la perméabilité doit être générée artificiellement par injection d’eau. La chaleur ainsi récupérée augmente au fur et à mesure de la profondeur de forage : la température souterraine atteint environ 40°C à 1 km de profondeur et environ 100°C à 3 km de profondeur. Pour entraîner une turbine à vapeur en vue de produire de l’électricité, des températures supérieures à 100°C sont nécessaires. Étant donné que cela implique de forer à des profondeurs de 3 à 6 km, le risque de sismicité induite augmente en conséquence. Le sous-sol peut également servir à stocker de la chaleur ou des gaz, par exemple de l’hydrogène ou du méthane, ou encore à enfouir de façon permanente du CO2. À cet effet, les mêmes exigences que pour l’extraction de chaleur doivent être vérifiées et le réservoir doit en outre être surmonté d’une couche étanche, empêchant le gaz de s’échapper. Le projet conjoint « Énergie hydroélectrique et géothermique » du PNR « Énergie » était avant tout consacré à la question de savoir où en Suisse trouver des couches de sol appropriées, répondant de manière optimale aux exigences des différentes utilisations. Un deuxième grand axe de recherche concernait les mesures visant à réduire la sismicité induite par les forages profonds et les dommages aux structures qui en résultent. Par ailleurs, des modèles et des simulations ont été élaborés dans le but de mieux comprendre les processus souterrains qui interviennent dans la mise en œuvre et l’exploitation des ressources géothermiques. En résumé, les résultats de recherche montrent que la Suisse jouit de bonnes conditions pour l’utilisation de la géothermie de moyenne profondeur (1-3 km), tant pour le parc de bâtiments que pour les processus industriels. L’optimisme est également de mise en ce qui concerne le stockage saisonnier de chaleur et de gaz. Le potentiel de stockage définitif de CO2 dans des quantités pertinentes s’avère en revanche plutôt limité. Concernant la production d’électricité à partir de la chaleur issue de la géothermie profonde (> 3 km), il n’existe pas encore de certitude définitive quant à l’importance du potentiel économiquement exploitable du sous-sol. Des installations de démonstration exploitées industriellement sont absolument nécessaires à cet égard, afin de renforcer l’acceptation par la population et les investisseurs.
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