Rozprawy doktorskie: „User Interaction Design”

1

Dillon, Andrew. "User interface design". London: Macmillan, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105299.

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This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A. (2003) User Interface Design. MacMillan Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 4, London:MacMillan, 453-458. Article definition: This article covers the basic issues that the field of cognitive science raises in the design and testing of new digital technologies for human use. Contents list: Introduction, Cognitive Science and design, The Basics of Human-Computer Interaction, Cognitive Design Guidelines: from psychophysics to semiotics, Beyond guidelines Cognitive theories and models in HCI, Developing user-centered design methods, Summary, Bibliography, Glossary

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2

Kuhlman, Lane M. "Gesture Mapping for Interaction Design: An Investigative Process for Developing Interactive Gesture Libraries". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244003264.

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Dukic, Davor. "Towards natural dialogue design in user interaction". Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297072.

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4

Hart, Jennefer. "Investigating user experience and user engagement for design". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-user-experience-and-user-engagement-for-design(d0f13517-fea8-4188-84a3-198c7d3ede71).html.

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Understanding the interactive experience of using digital technologies is a complex process. Traditional methods of evaluating interactive technologies originate from usability, which focuses on ease of use, ease of learning and performance. User Experience (UX) emerged from the recognition that usability alone does not account for the more subjective emotional responses experienced when interacting with a product. Although the term UX has become widely accepted within the area of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), its definition still remains unclear, making it difficult to evaluate and design for. This thesis adopts a hybrid perspective by bridging the division between the reductionist and holistic approaches to UX research. Using a multi-methods approach that combine the strengths of both quantitative (objective) and qualitative (subjective) methods, will provide deeper insights into the users’ judgement process of interactive products. Various theories have been proposed to understand UX, yet no consensual UX theory or model has emerged. The importance of aesthetics in influencing decisions about a products quality gained much attention in early UX research with conflicting results, sparking a surge of research into understanding the complexities of user quality judgement. Past UX research has focused on the multi-constructs of pragmatics, hedonics and aesthetics, and how these may influence user judgement, which can vary depending on the context, task and user background. However, little attention has been given to the impact of interactive design features upon UX. Findings from this thesis clearly show that interactivity is an important element within UX in both short and long-term usage. This thesis expands the existing process model of user quality judgement, through a series of three studies to reveal the importance of interactivity, and how initial perception and judgement of a products quality can change over time. The first two studies identify the importance of interactivity in positive influencing UX. Both studies revealed that affective and hedonic ratings increased as a result of interaction, demonstrating the powerful effect of interaction, and showed clear differences for websites that contained enhanced interactive features, despite the presence of usability problems. Further exploration using cluster analysis revealed three sub-groups that categorised users not only by their interactive style preferences, but also by their predispositions towards technology. This perspective of user sub-group analysis is a contribution to the field which bridges population-level quantitative analysis with qualitative findings that focuses on the individual ethnographic interpretations of experience. Considerable UX research has focused on short-term evaluations, based on users first impressions pre and post-interaction, with few studies capturing long-term usage. The third study reports on an ecological longitudinal investigation into how UX changes over time and long-term product use. A group of novice iPad users were tracked over six months to reveal that despite poor usability, hedonic ratings remained high, yet over time usefulness and utility were dominating factors affecting UX and product adoption. The influence of both device and app revealed that although users found the device more pleasurable, it was the variety of apps contained on the device that facilitated positive UX. The overall findings from this research provided some valuable methodological insights and aided the creation of set of practical UX heuristics that can be used to inform both future research and design practice.

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Axelsson, Daniel. "Graphical User Interface Design of a Maintenance Support System : Using Prototyping and User-Centred Design". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149779.

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The interest in the complex relationship between the behaviour of users and the design of interactive system has been significantly increased as the digital technology has advanced. This has led to usability becoming one of the key elements in user-centred interaction design. Systems need to be designed in a usable way; efficient, use-enhancing, flexible and learnable and the design should also meet the user’s needs and aspirations. This thesis aimed to develop a more usable prototype of the Maintenance Ground Support System (MGSS), using prototyping and a user-centred design approach. The prototype was developed using an adaptation on the evolutionary software development process that consisted of four iterative steps. The prototypes were created, tested and evaluated with surrogate and end-users. The design of the prototype is based on a customizable and simple dashboard application that supports multiple user needs and requirements, in a familiar environment where the user can feel confident and be in control. Based on usability testing, the prototype was concluded to be more efficient, understandable as well as easier to use than the existing system.

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Yang, Yiya. "User-oriented design of undo support". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/920.

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Chase, Chelsea. "Using Design Patterns in User Interface Design". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342463458.

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Lund, Linda. "Aesthetics in User Interface Design: : The Influence on Users' Preference, Decoding and Learning". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10455.

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The question of the relationship between, and the importance of usability and aesthetics, in the field of user interface design, has been debated back and forth. It has also been looked at from different perspectives since Raskin (1994) wrote his article on intuitive design. Several experiments have also been conducted over the last twenty years to find out exactly how much each factor matter, what the ultimate user preference is, and if it can be stereotyped. The more complex part of the discussion, however, seems to be the definitions: exactly what is aesthetics, what is usability and how do they affect each other? To find out, I explored the context of these factors from multiple perspectives, to draw the larger conclusions about what affects what. How accurate is the concept of halo when it comes to interface design; can a less aesthetic interface discourage users from exploring its content? Moreover, can a highly usable interface convince its users that the web page is also aesthetically pleasing? In this paper I will explain the ideas of aesthetic and intuitive design based on two fields of study; human computer interaction design and interaction design. That is in the pursuance of understanding user preference and the design decisions behind one of the most popular interfaces on the internet today.

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9

Ring, Lisa. "Designing the Mobile Web: Guidelines for User Interactionand Experience". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87199.

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The area of mobile web is evolving rapidly but there are still no consensus regarding recommendations or best practices within the topic. Therefore this thesis is focused on interaction design within mobile web and compiles many dierent theories into guidelines for mobileweb design. The thesis may also be used as a foundation when deciding whether to developa native mobile application or a mobile adapted web application, or when choosing betweena separate mobile web application and a responsive web design.Components that are especially considered in this thesis are form elements and navigation menus. These are discussed relative to interaction on small touch screens such as smartphones and tablets. For example, text input elements can be optimized for the intended input format and one can take advantage of the device's native components for e.g. time and date input. A prototype of a responsive web application is also developed to further exemplify the theoretical theories. This is a exploratory study for the Swedish magazine Resume in collaboration with The Mobile Life and is focused on convert the original site into a responsive design, but still retain the overall Resume look and feel.

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Dikdur, Ezgi. "Physical Pain In User-product Interaction". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613547/index.pdf.

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The main focus of the multidisciplinary nature of design is to provide users a better life in terms of enabling the products to be safe, usable and pleasurable to use. Therefore, physical pain is always avoided. However, physical pain is involved in our daily lives, not only as an avoided concept, but also as a constructive concept. It is used for functional or hedonic purposes
whether consciously or not. The focus in this research is exploring these &lsquo
used&rsquo
pains, and their relations to product design
in other words, how products are (or how they may be) used or manipulated to use pain instead of avoiding it. Eventually, the aim is to map the pain experience as a constructive element of experience and to come up with a statement for the usage of physical pain in product design as a beneficial tool, instead of just being a tool for pleasure as it has been used in product design till now. In order to explore the pain experience with products, a contexmapping study and a focus group study have been done. The phenomena of &lsquo
good, transitional and bad pain&rsquo
were introduced. Following this, pain experience with products model was proposed utilizing the results of the studies and for the exploration of the implementation of the model in practicum, a generative session study to obtain initial design ideas was done.

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Woolley, Elise M. "Fun: An Exploration in its Relevance to Interaction Design". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280119375.

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Victor, Winnhed. "Bridging the Age Gap Between Streaming Platforms : Improving User Experience for In-between Users". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121904.

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The media consumption on the Internet is increasing rapidly and people at all ages are getting used to live in an on demand world. Due to this, streaming platforms have to appeal to a broad audience containing children, teenagers and adults. One approach to appeal a broad target audience is to divide the streaming platform into two separate platforms, where one is aiming for children and the other one, for the rest of the users. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the user experience can be improved, to help users of ages 10-13 years old to find their way from one streaming plat- form, to another as they are growing up. The thesis investigate how existing streaming platforms appeal to a broad audience and determines reasons of why a gap can be created between streaming platforms. Based on interviews, work- shops, user tests as well as literature, a final prototype and a set of concluding suggestions have been produced as a result of this study.

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Lejonlid, Katarina. "Interaction Design of User-SuppliedData in Health Care Systems". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-335668.

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Health care staff contribute to quality registers in order to improve health care and to provide data for research. The largest registry center is Uppsala Clinical Research(UCR) which supports over twenty national registers, for instance SWEDEHEART and SENIOR Alert. The purpose of this thesis is to create a design hypothesis for a highly usable interface to the forms developed by UCR. The first step was understanding the potential for improvement through analyzing the system and observing users. This showed that the design should increase the learnability of the system and minimize errors. Two prototypes of an overview side panel were created that were presented to the users. An overview panel with process indication was the preferred design. The design was implemented in the evaluation phase using a simpleform with grouped variables. The design hypothesis of an overview panel serves as a highly usable interface to the forms developed by UCR. The results showed that there are many aspects to consider, because the users have to gather information from many systems and sometimes paper forms. The implemented design could bepresented to users and be further evaluated in an iterative design manner according to human-centered design.

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14

Golovine, Jean Claude Raymond Rolin. "Experimental user interface design toolkit for interaction research (IDTR)". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/839.

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The research reported and discussed in this thesis represents a novel approach to User Interface evaluation and optimisation through cognitive modelling. This is achieved through the development and testing of a toolkit or platform titled Toolkit for Optimisation of Interface System Evolution (TOISE). The research is conducted in two main phases. In phase 1, the Adaptive Control of Thought Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture is used to design Simulated Users (SU) models. This allows models of user interaction to be tested on a specific User Interface (UI). In phase 2, an evolutionary algorithm is added and used to evolve and test an optimised solution to User Interface layout based on the original interface design. The thesis presents a technical background, followed by an overview of some applications in their respective fields. The core concepts behind TOISE are introduced through a discussion of the Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational (ACT-R) architecture with a focus on the ACT-R models that are used to simulate users. The notion of adding a Genetic Algorithm optimiser is introduced and discussed in terms of the feasibility of using simulated users as the basis for automated evaluation to optimise usability. The design and implementation of TOISE is presented and discussed followed by a series of experiments that evaluate the TOISE system. While the research had to address and solve a large number of technical problems the resulting system does demonstrate potential as a platform for automated evaluation and optimisation of user interface layouts. The limitations of the system and the approach are discussed and further work is presented. It is concluded that the research is novel and shows considerable promise in terms of feasibility and potential for optimising layout for enhanced usability.

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15

Tobon, Carolina. "Evaluating geovisualisation and user interaction : an experimental design approach based upon user tasks". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405460.

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Treglown, Mark. "The role of metaphor in user interface design". Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54414/.

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The thesis discusses the question of how unfamiliar computing systems, particularly those with graphical user interfaces, are learned and used. In particular, the approach of basing the design and behaviour of on-screen objects in the system's model world on a coherent theme and employing a metaphor is explored. The drawbacks, as well as the advantages, of this approach are reviewed and presented. The use of metaphors is also contrasted with other forms of users' mental models of interactive systems, and the need to provide a system image from which useful mental models can be developed is presented. Metaphors are placed in the context of users' understanding of interactive systems and novel application is made of the Qualitative Process Theory (QPT) qualitative reasoning model to reason about the behaviour of on-screen objects, the underlying system functionality, and the relationship between the two. This analysis supports reevaluation of the domains between which user interface metaphors are said to form mappings. A novel user interface design, entitled Medusa, that adopts guidelines for the design of metaphor-based systems, and for helping the user develop successful mental models, based on the QPT analysis and an empirical study of a popular metaphor-based system, is described. The first Medusa design is critiqued using well-founded usability inspection method. Employing the Lakoff/lohnson theory, a revised verSIOn of the Medusa user interface is described that derives its application semantics and dialogue structures from the entailments of the knowledge structures that ground understanding of the interface metaphor and that capture notions of embodiment in interaction with computing devices that QPT descriptions cannot. Design guidelines from influential existing work, and new methods of reasoning about metaphor-based designs, are presented with a number of novel graphical user interface designs intended to overcome the failings of existing systems and design approaches.

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17

Sadun, Erica. "Djasa : a language, environment and methodology for interaction design". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9250.

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Svanberg, Christoffer, i Anton Westman. "Interaction Design - by the protocol : Combining user-centered design methods for finding user needs in a time-‐constrained environment". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169594.

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ABSTRACT Today there are lots of different health care computer systems in use. However, according to recent studies many of them lack necessary usability. Within Nordic pediatric cancer care, analogue treatment protocols on paper are currently used, as a complement to the digital medical records and prescription systems. In these protocols, doctors and nurses note information regarding the patient’s treatment. Comments and changes are noted in the margin, which sometimes leads to making the protocol messy and difficult to grasp. Since several people are involved in the handling of the treatment protocols it occasionally happens that the protocol disappears for periods of time. We had two aims with this project. The first was to examine and map requirements for a usable interactive treatment plan for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL. The second was to investigate if our suggested combination of methods would be sufficient to acquire these requirements in a setting where the users, i.e. physicians, were time-‐constrained. Based on large variety of theories and methods from educational science and research in human computer interaction, we have conducted a qualitative study, iterating a combination of user-‐centered design methods, with a revision of the requirements as well as the design following each iteration. The requirements analysis was performed in close collaboration with the doctors at the Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Our results indicate that by using a combination of methods from usability engineering and participatory design, a well-‐defined list of requirements from the doctors could be identified which might be sufficient to develop an interactive prototype for a digital treatment protocol. In addition we found that our method enabled an exchange of knowledge between the designers and the users. In conclusion, these combined methods were suitable for enhancing the software designer’s understanding of the user needs in this time-‐constrained environment.

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Möller, Rebecka. "How to create interaction moments at concerts : Designing user experiences". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232128.

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The concert industry has been expanded enormously the last couple of years. At the same time as the increasing engagement for concerts, the digital market is growing rapidly. Today during concerts, people use their smartphones to send text messages, connect on social media, take photos, record film clips, and use the flashlight function in a replacement of a lighter. This behaviour may be perceived as a distracting moment and instead moves the person’s focus from the live performance to the phone. The distracting moment can be solved by making an application that makes the interaction more enjoyable through the study of user experience. This can lead to more focus on the music and therefore, enhance the concert experience. In this project, the work behind the development of designing prototypes is described. The method used in the thesis is the process of Design Thinking. The process is divided into a five-step model: empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test. The result presents three prototypes that are based on digital competitions that interact the audience during a concert experience. At the end of the thesis, a discussion about how to secure a positive outcome of interacting the audience and the artist is presented. The conclusion was that the interactions have good potential to work in a concert environment, but the interactions need to be additionally tested to secure a positive outcome. Another conclusion was that the time before a concert has more scope to make interactions work well and to not distract the users from the live performance.
Konsertindustrin har expanderat enormt de senaste åren. Samtidigt som det ökande engagemanget för konserter, växer den digitala marknaden snabbt. Idag använder publiken sina mobiltelefoner under en konsert för att skicka textmeddelanden, ansluta på sociala medier, ta foton, spela in filmklipp och använda ficklampans funktion som en tändare. Det här beteendet kan uppfattas som ett distraherande ögonblick och i stället flytta personens fokus från konserten till telefonen. Det distraherande ögonblicket kan undvikas genom en studie av användarupplevelse som gör att en mobilapplikation gör samspelet smidigare. Det kan leda till mer fokus på musiken och genom det förbättra konsertupplevelsen. I det här projektet beskrivs arbetet bakom utvecklingen av prototyper. Metoden som används i rapporten är processen Design Thinking. Processen är uppdelad i en femstegsmodell: sympatisera, definiera, föreställa, prototyp och testa. Resultatet presenterar tre prototyper som bygger på digitala tävlingar som interagerar publiken under en konsertupplevelse. I slutet av rapporten presenteras en diskussion om hur man kan få ett positivt resultat av att interagera publiken och artisten med varandra. Slutsatsen var att interaktionerna har god potential att fungera i en konsertmiljö, men interaktionerna måste testas ytterligare för att säkerställa ett positivt resultat. En annan slutsats var att tiden före en konsert har mer spelrum för interaktionerna att fungera bra och att inte distrahera användarna från konsertupplevelsen.

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20

Took, Roger Kenton. "Surface interaction : separating direct manipulation interfaces from their applications". Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13997/.

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To promote both quality and economy in the production of applications and their interactive interfaces, it is desirable to delay their mutual binding. The later the binding, the more separable the interface from its application. An ideally separated interface can factor tasks from a range of applications, can provide a level of independence from hardware I/O devices, and can be responsive to end-user requirements. Current interface systems base their separation on two different abstractions. In linguistic architectures, for example User Interface Management Systems in the Seeheim model, the dialogue or syntax of interaction is abstracted in a separate notation. In agent architectures like Toolkits, interactive devices, at various levels of complexity, are abstracted into a class or call hierarchy. This Thesis identifies an essential feature of the popular notion of direct manipulation: directness requires that the same object be used both for output and input. In practice this compromises the separation of both dialogue and devices. In addition, dialogue cannot usefully be abstracted from its application functionality, while device abstraction reduces the designer's expressive control by binding presentation style to application semantics. This Thesis proposes an alternative separation, based on the abstraction of the medium of interaction, together with a dedicated user agent which allows direct manipulation of the medium. This interactive medium is called the surface. The Thesis proposes two new models for the surface, the first of which has been implemented as Presenter, the second of which is an ideal design permitting document quality interfaces. The major contribution of the Thesis is a precise specification of an architecture (UMA), whereby a separated surface can preserve directness without binding in application semantics, and at the same time an application can express its semantics on the surface without needing to manage all the details of interaction. Thus UMA partitions interaction into Surface Interaction, and deep interaction. Surface Interaction factors a large portion of the task of maintaining a highly manipulable interface, and brings the roles of user and application designer closer.

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Kaltenbacher, Bridgette Gertraude. "Intuitive interaction steps towards an integral understanding of the user experience in interaction design". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514297.

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Tan, Michelle. "Connecting dots : interaction design for holistic learning". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/927.

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Connecting Dots proposes that new media such as interactive websites can be developed using a design framework based on elements of holistic education identified by Miller (1996) as Balance, Inclusion and Connection, so that holistic learning can be achieved. Recognising the negative consequences of the focus on meritocracy, the Singapore government have in recent years advocated for a transformation of the education system to include opportunities for holistic learning. This research contends that holistic learning is a responsibility that has to be shared by both the education system and families. This should be cultivated in a child from an early age so that a strong foundation for life-long learning can be established. As children are increasingly exposed to media technology at an early age, there is a pressing need for online content to provide families with a platform to engage their young holistically. Using t he design framework, an interactive website, also titled Connecting Dots was developed and tested through a qualitative study as part of a practice-based research that uses an iterative and incremental development process. With the appropriate methods used to collect and analyse data, the research endeavors to develop design recommendations that can be transferred to other interactive websites that promote holistic learning, not limited to the Singapore context.

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23

Schmidt, Toni. "Interaction Concepts for Multi-Touch User Interfaces: Design and Implementation". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-72395.

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Ortman, Erik, i Kenneth Swedlund. "Guidelines for user interactions in mobile augmented reality". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60174.

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Over the last couple of years the field of Augmented Reality has transformed from something mainly seen in academic researchinto several examples of big commercially successful products, and the widespread use of highly capable mobile devices has greatly helped accelerate this trend. The powerful sensors in modern handsets enable designers to bring Augmented Reality implementations to the hands ofthe users.This thesis examines how Augmented Reality can be implemented onmobile platforms, mainly the iPhone 4, and surveys existing implementationsand solutions for developers. It presents a number of design guidelinesfor user interactions in AR on mobile devices that can be used fordesigners as a reference when designing user-centered mobile AR applications.

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25

Chamorro-Koc, Marianella. "Experience, context-of-use and the design of product usability". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16360/1/Marianella_Chamorro-Koc_Thesis.pdf.

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This study argues that including aspects of user experience relevant to the user's knowledge of a product's context-of-use in the early stages of product design can enhance the design of product usability. To explore these issues, research was undertaken to respond to three research questions: (i) What aspects of user experience influence people's understanding of product usability? (ii) What is the nature of the differences between users' and designers' understandings of product usability? (iii) How can context-of-use and human experience enhance the design of product usability? Findings from the study have shown that experience, context-of-use and knowledge about a product's usability are interrelated. Conceptual principles and design principles were established based on findings to explain (i) the relationships between aspects of experience and areas of product usability and (ii) differences between designers' and users' concepts of product usability. These principles responded to the first two research questions. Causal relationships found between experience and product usability suggested the need to implement them in an accessible manner for a product design process. A design tool -- named the Experience and Context Enquiry Design Tool (ECEDT) -- was devised to exemplify the implementation of findings. A trial run verified that the type of information that ECEDT brings to designers could assist them to address usability and experience issues during the early stages of the design process. This result responded to the third research question of the study. This study's conceptual principles and design principles contribute new knowledge to design theory and practice. This knowledge contributes to design theory in providing greater detail about the differences between designers and users than that addressed by existing theory; it contributes to design practice as it informs designers about the aspects of human experience that prompt users' understanding of a product's use. In doing so, it can potentially assist in the design of products that embed new technological applications, and support the design of product usability.

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26

Song, Ji‐Won. "Understanding user interaction problems with wireless connection via research through design". Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10890.

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People frequently have problems making multiple devices work together. In this thesis, I use the Research‐through‐Design approach to understand the issues and propose solutions. Through an iterative series of investigations, the problems people have with the connection of multiple devices has been examined, including usability issues, difficulties with the sequential connection procedure, and difficulties performing an action. I found non‐expert users to have difficulties with interpreting and evaluating the devices’ interaction status regarding the sequence of the connection procedure. When an evaluation problem occurs, they have problems dealing with the required sequence or diagnosing the error in their interactions. The problem understanding was examined from additional cases. The comprehension of the problems allowed me to generate design implications and propose a design solution. I proposed two implications with which to solve the stated problem. I suggested helping users evaluate device interaction and reduce unnecessary user interactions. A design framework was suggested as a solution by providing diagrammatic representations of system interaction and signals revealing device status. I then assessed the suggested solutions using paper prototypes, and demonstrated their effectiveness. The improved interfaces helped users evaluate device connection status so they may determine how to proceed with sequential interaction. With the Research‐through‐Design approach constructing knowledge by integrating theories and hypothesis, I found the feature of user‐multiple device interaction in which a user is required to manage the interaction between the devices. A single device cannot aid the user interaction. In the dissertation, I proposed a desirable state of user interaction, which is achieved by two devices revealing connection states together so that a user can earn a useful system image.

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27

Bain, Lisa Z. "User-Interface Design in Online Shopping Environments: The Development of a Product Interaction Model from Interactive Design Elements". NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/399.

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The growth of the e-commerce industry has been nothing less than remarkable, changing the way people live, the way companies conduct business, and the way software engineers design. However, this environment still faces many challenges before it becomes a mainstay of the economy. One of those challenges is the usability of the ecommerce Web sites. In particular, the virtual characteristics of the Web are incapable of providing consumers physical contact with the products. Web site designers create ways to overcome the physical barrier with the features on their Web sites. These features are guided by the principles and techniques developed by the discipline of Usability Engineering, as well as the studied and proven preferences of online shoppers. This research study developed a model consisting of features and user-interface design principles that promote product interaction, including an index for measuring product interaction. The model was validated through usability evaluations of existing online shopping sites. The results of which showed that online shopping sites with higher levels of product interaction were more successful. However, there was evidence suggesting that online businesses may be able to do more to promote e-commerce. The results of the usability evaluations clearly showed several weak areas in Web design, causing usability problems and lost opportunities. Computer technology, in the form of a Web page, has the ability to simulate the sense of touch and feel of tangible products if used correctly. This research study concluded that Web pages and Web page design have not mastered this craft and still have a long way to go before this environment truly re-creates the atmosphere of a traditional store.

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Larsson, Rickard. "A user centric approach for evaluating and enhancing the usability of a complex real-time web user interface". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188680.

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As the technologies evolve, more complex products such as real-time web applications are made. These applications introduce new usability challenges and interaction design opportunities. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and enhance the usability of a complex real-time web user interface using a User-centered design approach. Another aim was to investigate how to adapt the current usability research methods, guidelines and principles to today's modern technology, such as real-time web applications. The research was carried out for the Stockholm based start-up Challengermode AB that is currently developing a competitive gaming platform with a focus in automatic tournaments. The research method consisted of a user and system analysis, usability testing and a creative design workshop. The research results were used in combination with current user interface design guidelines and principles to improve and design new features to the current user interface. The results show that the User-centered design approach in combination with Participatory design was a successful way of evaluating and improving the usability of the Challengermode real-time web user interface. The current usability research and design guidelines are applicable to modern technology, but in order to evaluate the Challengermode real-time web user interface, and other applications with similar functionality in a realistic scenario, traditional usability testing can be limited. Furthermore, the main takeaways from the user interface improvement process is that designing for empty states and not hiding important elements even though they are not active is as important as designing for the optimal case where data is available.
I och med att tekniken förbättras utvecklas allt mer komplexa produkter såsom realtidswebbapplikationer. Dessa applikationer inför nya utmaningar och möjligheter inom användbarhet och interaktionsdesign. Syftet med detta arbete var att utvärdera och förbättra användbarheten av ett komplex realtidswebbgränssnitt med hjälp av en användarcentrerad designstrategi. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka hur man kan anpassa existerande metoder, riktlinjer och principer inom användbarhetsforskning och interaktionsdesign för dagens moderna teknik, såsom realtidswebbapplikationer. Arbetet genomfördes för det Stockholm baserade start-up företaget Challengermode AB som för närvarande utvecklar en tävlingsplattform för eSport med fokus på automatiska turneringar. Forskningsmetoden bestod av en användar- och systemanalys, användbarhetstester och en kreativ designworkshop. Forskningsresultaten användes sedan i kombination med riktlinjer och principer inom interaktionsdesign för att förbättra och utveckla nya funktioner för det aktuella användargränssnittet. Resultaten visar att en användarcentrerad designstrategi i kombination med kooperativ design var ett framgångsrikt sätt att utvärdera och förbättra användbarheten av Challengermodes realtidswebbgränssnitt. Dagens forskning inom användbarhet och designriktlinjer är applicerbara på modern teknik, men för att utvärdera Challengermodes realtidswebbgränssnitt, och andra liknande applikationer i ett realistiskt scenario, kan traditionella användbarhetstester vara begränsade. De viktigaste slutsatserna från designprocessen är att design för element i tomma tillstånd är lika viktigt som design för element i det optimala tillståndet där data är tillgänglig.

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Dillon, Andrew. "Artifacts as theories: Convergence through user-centered design". Medford, N.J.: ASIS, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105923.

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This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A. (1995) Artifacts as Theories: Convergence through User- Centered Design. 1995 Proceedings of the 58th Annual ASIS Conference, Medford NJ: ASIS, 208-210. Abstract: The present paper proposes the artifact as theory perspective which draws together models of scientific practice and design behaviour and in so doing, offers the view of any information technology system as a conjecture on the part of the design team of human and organizational requirements to be met. By adopting this perspective, information system design can be seen as an ill-structured problem best tackled by usercentered theories and methods. The present paper will outline this perspective, emphasizing the need for convergence of views at the outset of design, and demonstrate the advantages it offers to both the theory and practice of technology design and the field of information science.

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Lindberg, Lena. "Usability in a clinical context: Redesigning the user interface of a gait analysis system". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135946.

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Gait analysis can be described as a study of human walking patterns. This is very useful in health care, since gait analysis can reveal important information about a patient, and be an aid in diagnosis and rehabilitation. Today gait analysis is done either by qualitative visual observation of the patient, or in resource demanding and advanced laboratory settings. Many studies have been done in the search for new technical solutions that enables quantitative gait analysis outside of the laboratory. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the usability of a new gait analysis system and to find out how the user interface could be better adapted to the end user’s needs and goals. This was done by defining and using suitable methods for learning about the users, evaluating the system and by defining usability in a clinical setting. A redesigned prototype was then developed and tested. It was found that the original user interface had many usability issues and was in need of better adaption to the intended user group. Through user research personas and key user needs could be determined that became the basis for the design work, along with guidelines from previous studies within the field. The redesigned prototype was tested on potential end users. It was in this study determined that semi-structured interviews are suitable for learning about the users. Usability evaluation should preferably be done using a combination of evaluation that involves real end users and evaluation by usability experts. Guidelines for usability in clinical systems could also be defined. Considering the redesigned prototype, the users saw a great potential, and could see themselves using it in the future. The testing determined that the redesigned prototype managed to solve many of the usability issues found in the original design.

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Strindlund, Nathalie. "Exploring relations between Interaction attributes and Pleasures in multisensory interactive art". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23788.

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The interest in designing interactive systems is going beyond their functionality and more towards their aesthetics. Often, research fails to address how qualities of the interaction as a medium can actually create pleasurable experiences. However, it points out the importance of understanding temporal aspects of interactions to understand their aesthetics. The aim for this thesis is to address this by the creation and evaluation of an interactive artwork working as a platform to explore relations between Interaction attributes and Pleasures, as well as how temporal aspects in interactions can affect these Pleasures. This to help interaction designers think more clearly around and make better design choices regarding interactions within interactive systems. The results of this showed that there can be many such relations, but also that they are complex. Additionally, it is discussed that Pleasures might also partly be experienced before or after the interaction with the artwork.

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Kusoffsky, Madeleine. "Leveraging storytelling in visual analytics by redesigning the user interface". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96724.

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Storytelling is a way of packaging the knowledge and insights gained from analyzing statistical data. The knowledge is transformed into a format that lends itself to be understood by non-experts more easily. The story with links to interactive diagrams. The purpose of this design study was to improve the interaction design of the storytelling feature. The target audience for the new design was intermediate users. Evaluation of the current design by interviewing and observing beginner and intermediate users gave valuable understanding about the users goals related to the storytelling feature. The new design is a product from design goals derived from the user data and research through design. Sketching and exploring possible solutions was a process that meant producing multiple sketches, documenting design decisions through annotations and a way of keeping track of trade-offs and compromises. Screenshots from the application containing the redesigned interface of the storytelling feature was used during a final evaluation. Developers, a user and the designer evaluated the new design through a pluralistic usability walkthrough. The result showed that the new design had improved the storytelling feature in some aspects but that new problems had emerged. This indicates that interaction design processes should contain iterations. Designs should be tested, redesigned and tested again together with users and stakeholder to ensure that user goals are fulfilled, that design goals are reached and that the feature will deliver a positive user experience.

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Kuleli, Kerem. "User-product Interaction In New Product Encounters: Prominence Of User Expertise And Product Properties". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606620/index.pdf.

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User-product interaction is a multi-dimensional, multi-faceted and multi-modal everyday encounter. This study concentrates on the two most prominent actors of this interaction, namely, the user and the product, whereby user expertise and product innovativeness are given special attention. Prominence of user expertise in new product encounters, especially those with innovative products, is established through the findings of two case studies.

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Williams, Elaine Yolande. "User-product interaction : users and the design of public convenience sanitaryware products in the UK". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35401.

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The research for this thesis investigated user-product relationships with Local Authority public convenience sanitaryware products. The focus of the research was concerned with the in-use relationships the UK public, and those visiting, have with these multiuser public use products. The research aimed to identify which design attributes were and were not enjoyed, and to represent the views of the UK public. The literature review highlighted a lack of knowledge in the area of the specific multiuser public use products; toilets, urinals and sanitary waste units. It also highlighted a lack of user-centred research into the design of sanitaryware for able-bodied access use. Due to the sensitivity of the subject and lack of information available, a mixed-methods approach to information elicitation was adopted. Recruiting participation for the studies was also approached with care to demonstrate the validity of the research. In total over 450 self-selected volunteers participated in this research.

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Redondo, Ruiz Daniel. "Unobtrusive interaction design in extreme sports : What aspects are important to consider when designing an unobtrusive interaction for wearable devices in extreme sports?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90201.

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This paper is a study of the aspects that are important to consider when designing an unobtrusive interaction for wearable devices in the area of extreme sports. The work is based on an analytical study of seemly-unrelated areas with the common facet that they all call for an unobtrusive interaction in their devices. The findings of the analysis conclude that it is necessary a change of direction in the design because it is not possible to design an unobtrusive interaction that relies on active manipulation. Activity theory and affective computing present theoretical principles with the potential to be used as a framework for HCI and solve the mentioned issues. Finally, I design the user interface of a specific case in the areas of mountain biking and skiing to use it as design-oriented research. An essential aspect of this case is the use of expert feedback and video simulations to drive the design process. Another important point is the definition of the situations and variables that will be observed by the system to adapt itself so it is able to continue being unobtrusive and helpful through the changes.

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Holm, Anders, i Kullström Christoffer Sundberg. "User Responsive User Experience Design: Building a Conceptual Framework". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1036.

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To a large extent, business-customer interactions are acted out on digital meeting places. When the possibilities for businesses to engage in face-to-face interactions decrease, relationship building and customer service becomes more of a challenge. Digital services are easily duplicated by competitors and with standardization of interfaces and products, customers tend to switch more frequently between providers. One area where the creation and maintenance of loyal customers appears to be highly relevant is the domain of e-banking. Studies have shown that by personalizing the experience for the user, customer loyalty can be enhanced. Existing methods of interface adaptation shifts the responsibility for the resulting user experience design from the designer to either the user or the system. However, research shows that handing over responsibility for the design to the user can damage the user experience. Furthermore, we argue that as long as computers cannot translate the meaning of what a human communicates, and understand the motivation that lies behind her actions, human designers and researchers need to own the responsibility for designing user experiences. Responsive web design differ from the concept of user responsiveness in the way that it is not truly responsive to the user but to the technical device that is used. Following a design science research methodology, this paper presents the development of a conceptual framework for user responsive user experience design (URUXD) that aims to strengthen the bond between user and provider by enabling a more relevant and personalized user experience. The conceptual framework introduces a way to design user responsive information systems that could be useful in domains where the user audience is large and diverse, as in the case of e-banking. A personalized user experience is enabled by transcending the current use of personas as design tools to also involve them in categorizing real-time users through the use of personas as mapping tools. Multiple persona sets are incorporated in the framework which gives the user experience designer the possibility of designing a holistic user experience for each persona set. The framework thus enables the incorporation of multiple GUI designs in an information system that is user responsive, without the risk of violating usability principles.
Interaktionen mellan företag och kund sker nuförtiden oftast på digitala mötesplatser. När möjligheten för företag att träffa kunden öga mot öga minskar blir det en utmaning att skapa nära affärsrelationer och förmedla bra kundservice. Med konkurrenter som enkelt kopierar digitala tjänster och med en standardisering av gränssnitt och tjänster tenderar kunder att oftare byta leverantör. Inom e-banking framstår därför skapande och upprätthållande av lojala kunder som högst relevant. Genom att personifiera användarupplevelsen kan kundlojaliteten förbättras. Befintliga metoder för gränssnittsadaption lämnar över ansvaret för den resulterande designen från designern till antingen användaren eller systemet. Men, om ansvaret för designen tilldelas användaren kan resultatet bli i en skadad användarupplevelse. Så länge datorer inte kan översätta meningen bakom vad en människa kommunicerar eller skapa en förståelse för en användares bakomliggande motivation till varför hen utför handlingar, måste mänskliga designers inneha ansvaret för designen av användarupplevelsen. Vidare skiljer sig responsiv webbdesign från konceptet användarresponsivitet i meningen att responsiv webbdesign inte är direkt responsiv mot användaren utan snarare mot den tekniska apparat som används. Genom att följa en design science forskningsmetodik utvecklades ett konceptuellt ramverk för design av användarresponsiva användarupplevelser (user responsive user experience design (URUXD)). Målet var att stärka bandet mellan användare och leverantör genom att möjliggöra en mer relevant och personifierad användarupplevelse. Det konceptuella ramverket introducerar ett sätt att designa användarresponsiva informationssystem vilket kan vara användbart i domäner där användargruppen är stor och heterogen, vilket är fallet för e-banking. En personifierad användarupplevelse möjliggörs genom att utöka det befintliga användningsområdet för designverktyget personas till att även inkludera dem som mappningssverktyg för att kategorisera användare i realtid. Multipla persona sets införlivas i ramverket vilket skapar möjlighet för designern att skapa en holistisk användarupplevelse för varje enskilt persona set. Det konceptuella ramverket möjliggör därigenom för multipla gränssnittdesigns för ett informationssystem som därmed blir användarresponsivt, utan att underminera principer för användbarhet.

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Fjellström, Jonatan. "Gaze Interaction in Modern Trucks". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-114284.

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In this master thesis project carried out on Scania’s interaction design department in Södertälje an evaluation of the technology gaze interaction has been done. The aim was to see if the technology was suitable for implementation in a truck environment and what potential it had. The work started by doing a context analysis to get a deeper knowledge of the research done on within the area related to the subject. Following the context analysis a comprehensive need finding process was done. In this process, data from interviews, observations, ride along with truck drivers, benchmarking and more was analysed. The analysis of this was used to identify the user needs. Based on the user needs the concept development phase was conducted. The whole development phase was done in different stages and started off by an idea generation process. The work flow was made in small iterations with the idea to continuously improve the concepts. All concepts were evaluated in a concept scoring chart to see which of the concepts that best fulfilled the concept specifications. The concepts that best could highlight the techniques strengths and weaknesses were chosen and these are Head Up Display Interaction and Gaze Support System.. These concepts focused on the interaction part of the technique rather than a specific function. Test of the two concepts were conducted in a simulator to get data and see how they performed compared to today´s Scania trucks. The result overall was good and the test subjects were impressed with the systems. However there was no significance in most of the cases of driving except for some conditions where the concepts prove to be better than the systems used today. Gaze interaction is a technology that is suitable for a truck driving environment given that a few slight improvements are made. Implementation of the concepts have a good potential of reducing road accidents caused by human errors.

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Munasinghe, Aroshine. "A Culture-Centered Design Approach to Improve a User Interface for Migrants". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214543.

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A web application known as the Virtual Volunteer has been developed by IBM, the International Federation Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement. The aim of this application is to extend support to migrants beyond the physical help they receive. The application is also a resource for volunteers who want to help migrants. This paper explores how a culture-centered design approach can help to improve a user interface and enhance the usability for a global audience using Virtual Volunteer as a design case. By conducting multiple interviews and task completion tests with verbal protocols, the results present two independent redesigned prototypes. The culture-centered design approach yielded valuable feedback and data from the migrants that would not have been possible to collect from a more traditional approach like the one employed when creating the Virtual Volunteer in the first place. The results also revealed that all functions in the application were not clearly understandable for the migrants as they were for the Swedish volunteers. The overall results of the design case shows that a culture-centered design approach together with common usability methods are efficient to use when developing user interfaces for migrants and volunteers.
IBM, Röda Korset och Röda Halvmånen, har tillsammans utvecklat en webbapplikation, Virtual Volunteer, till stöd för migranter som kommer till Sverige. Syftet med applikationen är att utöka stöd till migranter utöver den fysiska hjälp de får. Ett annat syfte är också att applikationen ska fungera som ett hjälpmedel för volontärer som vill hjälpa migranter. I den här studien undersöks hur en kulturcentrerad designmetod kan bidra till att förbättra användargränssnittet och användbarheten för en global publik genom att använda Virtual Volunteer som en designutmaning. Vi skapade två olika prototyper baserat på intervjuer och användartester med migranter och svenska volontärer. Den kulturcentrerade designmetoden gav mycket värdefull feedback och data från migranter jämfört med ett traditionellt tillvägagångssätt som i första hand användes vid skapandet av Virtual Volunteer. Resultaten av designarbetet och användarstudierna visar att designmetoder som tar hänsyn till kultur kan vara en effektiv metod för att utveckla gränssnitt som riktar sig till migranter såväl som svenska volontärer.

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Hellström, Vogel Tor. "Gamers and Game Design: Incorporating Users in the Design Process". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22767.

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This paper deals with the difficulties of applying user-centered design practices as an independent developer, based on the visualization of a game concept in the form of a prototype. The aim is to evaluate the usability of user-centered design practices, specifically in the field of games development. Throughout this paper, I will give an account of the methods used for testing, as well as a review of previous research done in this field of study. Finally, I will end with a discussion regarding the pros and cons of user-centered design, as well as some thoughts about its importance in similar projects.

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Farebo, Samuel. "User-Centered Design in Agile software development for in-house enterprise tools". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110752.

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The Agile software development model is driven by "learning by doing" and rejects Big Design Up Front (BDUF) for that reason. User-Centered Design (UCD) on the other hand requires a more holistic view to be able to create a usable user interface and in the end create a good user experience. Finding a balance between the incremental development and the need for a more comprehensive view of the user interface is therefore the key to usability in Agile software development. The objective of this master thesis was to construct a framework on how to combine UCD and Agile development in general, and specifically for the web based tool, called Alo, at the IS/IT department of Com Hem AB, Sweden. The results of this thesis was that the process of integrating User-Centered Design in Agile software development first of all needs a familiar starting point for both usability experts and developers. This can be achieved with what Desirée Sy describes as “Cycle Zero”, to let usability experts perform initial research ahead of implementation. Designing one sprint ahead should later converge to a more synchronized process where requirements and sketches of the interface are put together, with the help of developers, just in time for the implementation. This does not only prevents waste in the form of documentation and miscommunication associated with hand-offs, but also makes the implementation more purposeful and fun for developers.Secondly, build prototypes early in the process to create a holistic vision of the finished product and to test concepts in usability tests early. Thirdly, create shared understanding (within the development team as well as with outside stakeholders) of user needs by involving the entire team in usability testing. Critical to the success of all the above is that all outside stakeholders understands the Agile process and respects that the team is a self-organizing unit that solves problems within a set of given boundaries, rather than a code factory that feeds on specification documents.

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Seichter, Hartmut. "Augmented reality aided design". Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38289052.

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Zhong, Tingye. "Exploring interaction design for mindful breathing support: the HU II design case". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237263.

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Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an effective method of stress treatment and prevention. One of the interactive systems aiming at supporting MBSR is HU. As a continuous work of HU, a device aiding mindful breathing called HU II was developed and evaluated. The paper investigates the real-time interaction between the user and the HU II including the performance of the deployed sensor as well as the representation and mapping of chosen modalities. Ten participants with different backgrounds and knowledge levels of mindfulness evaluated the device and gave their subjective opinions and feedback. The results indicate that the employed sensor and modalities support real-time interaction for mindful breathing. Via these results, further research possibilities and guidelines, which can help the design of future mindfulness-based solutions were suggested.
Mindfulnessbaserad stressreduktion (MBSR) är en effektiv metod för att behandla och förhindra stress. HU är ett av flertal interaktiva system som ämnar att stödja MBSR. HU II är en apparat som hjälper medveten andning utvecklades och utvärderades som en fortsättning på HU. Detta arbete undersökte interaktionen mellan HU II och användaren i realtid, prestandan hos den användna sensorn samt representationen och kartläggningen av de valda modaliteterna. Tio deltagare med olika bakgrunder och kunskapsnivåer angående mindfulness utvärderade apparaten och gav sina subjektiva åsikter och feedback. Resultaten indikerar att den valda sensorn samt modaliteterna stödjer interaktion i realtid för medveten andning. Via dessa resultat föreslås framtida forskningsmöjligheter och riktlinjer som kan stödja designen av framtida mindfulness-baserade lösningar.

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Blomkvist, Stefan. "User-centred design and agile development of IT systems". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala : Deptartment of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 2006. http://www.it.uu.se/research/publications/lic/2006-012/2006-012.pdf.

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McKnight, Cliff, Andrew Dillon i John Richardson. "User centered design of hypertext and hypermedia for education". New York: Macmillan, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106501.

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Winner of the 1997 Brown Publication Award from ECT. This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: McKnight, C., Dillon, A., and Richardson, J. (1996) User Centered Design of Hypertext and Hypermedia for Education. In: D. Jonassen (ed) Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. New York: Macmillan, 622-633 Abstract The chapter begins by describing the fundamental concepts of hypertext and gives a brief overview of the different philosophical perspectives manifest in the key figures of the field. It then considers the role of hypertext in learning, concluding from a review of empirical evaluations that many of the claims for hypertext have failed to be substantiated. It is argued that for a variety of conceptual and methodological reasons, it is extremely difficult to evaluate hypertext experimentally in an educational context. However, rather than simply abandon either hypertext or empirical evaluation, the chapter concludes by arguing for an empirically grounded, user centred approach to the design of hypertext based on a knowledge of the users, their tasks, the information space and the context in which the three interact.

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Gil, Pascual Miriam. "Adapting Interaction Obtrusiveness: Making Ubiquitous Interactions Less Obnoxious. A Model Driven Engineering approach". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31660.

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La Computaci'on Ubicua plantea proveer de inteligencia a nuestros entornos ofreciendo servicios a los usuarios que permitan ayudarlos en su vida cotidiana. Con la inclusi'on de dispositivos ubicuos en nuestra vida (por ejemplo los dispositivos m'oviles), los usuarios hemos pasado a estar siempre conectados al entorno, pudiendo interactuar con el. Sin embargo, a diferencia de las interacciones de escritorio tradicionales donde los usuarios eran quienes ped'¿an informaci'on o introduc'¿an datos, las interacciones ubicuas tienen que lidiar con un entorno de los usuarios variable, demandando uno de los recursos mas valiosos para los usuarios: la atenci'on humana. De esta forma, un reto en el paradigma de computaci'on ubicua es regular las peticiones de atenci'on del usuario. Esto implica que las interacciones de los servicios deber'¿an comportarse de una manera ¿considerada¿ teniendo en cuenta el grado en que cada servicio se inmiscuye en la mente del usuario (el nivel de molestia). Partiendo de las bases de la Ingenier'¿a Dirigida por Modelos (MDE) y de los principios de la Computaci'on Considerada, esta tesis se orienta a dise¿nar y desarrollar servicios que sean capaces de adaptar sus interacciones de acuerdo a la atenci'on del usuario en cada momento. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es introducir capacidades de adaptaci'on considerada en los servicios ubicuos para proporcionar interacciones que no perturben al usuario. Esto lo conseguimos mediante un proceso de desarrollo que cubre desde el dise¿no de los servicios hasta su implementaci'on, centr'andose en los requisitos de adaptaci'on de la interacci'on particulares para cada usuario. Para el dise¿no del comportamiento de la interacci'on en base al nivel de molestia se han de¿nido unos modelos de intromisi'on e interacci'on independientes de la tecnolog'¿a. Estos modelos son los que posteriormente conducen la adaptaci'on de la interacci'on din'amicamente, por medio de una infraestructura aut'onoma que los usa en tiempo de ejecuci'on. Esta infraestructura es capaz de detectar cambios en la situaci'on del usuario (por ejemplo cambios en su localizaci'on, su actividad, etc.) y planear y ejecutar modi¿caciones en la interacci'on de los servicios. Cuando se detecta un cambio del contexto del usuario, los servicios se auto-adaptan para usar los componentes de interacci'on m'as apropiados de acuerdo a la nueva situaci'on y no molestar al usuario. Adem'as, como las necesidades y preferencias de los usuarios pueden cambiar con el tiempo, nuestra aproximaci'on utiliza la estrategia del aprendizaje por refuerzo para ajustar los modelos de dise¿no iniciales de forma que maximicemos la experiencia del usuario. El dise¿no inicial de la interacci'on basado en el nivel de molestia nos asegura un comportamiento inicial consistente con las necesidades de los usuarios en ese momento. Luego, este dise¿no se va re¿nando de acuerdo al comportamiento y preferencias de cada usuario por medio de su retroalimentaci'on a trav'es de la experiencia de uso. Adem'as, tambi'en proporcionamos una interfaz m'ovil que permite a los usuarios ¿nales personalizarse de forma manual los modelos en base a sus propias preferencias. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se ha llevado a la pr'actica para su evaluaci'on desde el punto de vista de los dise¿nadores y de los usuarios ¿nales. Por una parte, el m'etodo de dise¿no se ha validado para comprobar que ayuda a los dise¿nadores a especi¿car este tipo de servicios. Pese a que el proceso de desarrollo no ofrece una automatizaci'on completa, las gu'¿as ofrecidas y la formalizaci'on de los conceptos implicados ha demostrado ser 'util a la hora de desarrollar servicios cuya interacci'on es no molesta. Por otra parte, la adaptaci'on de la interacci'on en base al nivel de molestia se ha puesto en pr'actica con usuarios para evaluar su satisfacci'on con el sistema y su experiencia de usuario. Esta validaci'on ha desvelado la importancia de considerar los aspectos de molestia en el proceso de adaptaci'on de la interacci'on para ayudar a mejorar la experiencia de usuario.
In Ubiquitous Computing environments, people are surrounded by a lot of embedded services. Since ubiquitous devices, such as mobile phones, have become a key part of our everyday life, they enable users to be always connected to the environment and interact with it. However, unlike traditional desktop interactions where users are used to request for information or input data, ubiquitous interactions have to face with variable user¿s environment, making demands on one of the most valuable resources of users: human attention. A challenge in the Ubiquitous Computing paradigm is regulating the request for user¿s attention. That is, service interactions should behave in a considerate manner by taking into account the degree in which each service intrudes the user¿s mind (i.e., the obtrusiveness degree). In order to prevent service behavior from becoming overwhelming, this work, based on Model Driven Engineering foundations and the Considerate Computing principles, is devoted to design and develop services that adapt their interactions according to user¿s attention. The main goal of the present thesis is to introduce considerate adaptation capabilities in ubiquitous services to provide non-disturbing interactions. We achieve this by means of a systematic method that covers from the services¿ design to their implementation and later adaptation of interaction at runtime
Gil Pascual, M. (2013). Adapting Interaction Obtrusiveness: Making Ubiquitous Interactions Less Obnoxious. A Model Driven Engineering approach [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31660
TESIS

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Gultekin, Pelin. "The Negative Effects Of Technology-driven Design On User-product Interaction And Product Usability". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604954/index.pdf.

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In the last decades, the rapid change and prevalent use of technology are concerning, as they induced effects which mainly altered various encompassing contexts like consumer market dynamics and product development processes. Evidently, these transformations also affect the way users interact with products. It is observed that, technological novelties are applied in the competitive market as a tool for product differentiation. In addition, the rapid development of these technologies is a dominating factor on shortening product lifecycles. Resulting from these two factors, implementing latest technologies in new products is interpreted by producers as an absolute way of achieving market success. Consequently, most of the products in everyday life are designed with a primary aim to implement latest technological advances, without appropriate consideration of user requirements and characteristics. The phenomenon has negative consequences on product usability. This study basically examines the usability problems that are related with digital technology impelementations in consumer products. The evaluations are based on the contexts such as: changes in contemporary market conditions with the effects of the recent technological developments, technology-driven approaches in product development processes and the transformative consequences of digital technology applications on user-product interaction. Literature surveys are employed as method. Finally, interaction characteristics of digital products and the contexts in which they are used are evaluated and it is argued that, the usability problems are due to the deficiency in evaluations of user characteristics and requirements during the product development processes, in general terms.

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McClurg-Genevese, Joshua David. "Temporal models of interaction as support for analysis in user-centered design". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332958752.

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McLaughlin, Logan M. "Understanding Road Use and Road User Interaction: An Exploratory Ethnographic Study Toward the Design of Autonomous Vehicles". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849632/.

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This thesis contributes to research that informs the design of autonomous vehicles (AVs). It examines interactions among various types of road users, such as pedestrians and drivers, and describes how findings can contribute to the design of AVs. The work was undertaken as part of a research internship at Nissan Research Center-Silicon Valley on the Human Understanding in Design team. Methods included video ethnography “travel-alongs” which captured the experience of travel from the point of view of drivers and pedestrians, analysis of interaction patterns taken from video of intersections, and analysis of road laws. Findings address the implications of what it will mean for AVs to exist as social entities in a world of varied road contexts, and how AVs might navigate the social act of driving on roads they share with a variety of human users. This thesis contributes to an emerging body of research and application on the subject of the AV in the world.

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Kamaruddin, Norfadilah. "Interface design in interactive science courseware for the Malaysian Smart School Project". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50970/1/Norfadilah_Kamaruddin_Thesis.pdf.

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With the goal of improving the academic performance of primary and secondary students in Malaysia by 2020, the Malaysian Ministry of Education has made a significant investment in developing a Smart School Project. The aim of this project is to introduce interactive courseware into primary and secondary schools across Malaysia. As has been the case around the world, interactive courseware is regarded as a tool to motivate students to learn meaningfully and enhance learning experiences. Through an initial pilot phase, the Malaysian government has commissioned the development of interactive courseware by a number of developers and has rolled this courseware out to selected schools over the past 12 years. However, Ministry reports and several independent researchers have concluded that its uptake has been limited, and that much of the courseware has not been used effectively in schools. This has been attributed to weaknesses in the interface design of the courseware, which, it has been argued, fails to accommodate the needs of students and teachers. Taking the Smart School Project's science courseware as a sample, this research project has investigated the extent, nature, and reasons for the problems that have arisen. In particular, it has focused on examining the quality and effectivity of the interface design in facilitating interaction and supporting learning experiences. The analysis has been conducted empirically, by first comparing the interface design principles, characteristics and components of the existing courseware against best practice, as described in the international literature, as well as against the government guidelines provided to the developers. An ethnographic study was then undertaken to observe how the courseware is used and received in the classroom, and to investigate the stakeholders' (school principal, teachers and students') perceptions of its usability and effectivity. Finally, to understand how issues may have arisen, a review of the development process has been undertaken and it has been compared to development methods recommended in the literature, as well as the guidelines provided to the developers. The outcomes of the project include an empirical evaluation of the quality of the interface design of the Smart School Project's science courseware; the identification of other issues that have affected its uptake; an evaluation of the development process and, out of this, an extended set of principles to guide the design and development of future Smart School Project courseware to ensure that it accommodates the various stakeholders' needs.

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Mathew, Justin D. "A design framework for user interfaces of 3D audio production tools". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS328/document.

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Il y a un intérêt important et croissant à procurer des expériences d’écoute immersives pour une variété d’applications, et les améliorations constantes des technologies de reproduction audio 3D permettent de produire des scènes auditives immersives à la fois créatives et réalistes. Mais bien que ces technologies de rendu audio 3D soient maintenant relativement disponibles pour les consommateurs, la production et la création des contenus adéquats restent difficiles en raison de la variété des techniques de rendu, des considérations perceptives et des limites des interfaces utilisateur disponibles. Cette thèse traite de ces problèmes en développant un cadre de conception basé sur deux points de vue : l’analyse morphologique des méthodes et des pratiques audio 3D, et la conception d’interaction. À partir du recueil de données ethnographiques sur les outils, les méthodes et les pratiques pour la production de contenu audio 3D, de considérations sur la perception spatiale liée à l’audio 3D, et d’une analyse morphologique sur les objets d’intérêt connexes (objets audio 3D, paramètres interactifs et techniques de rendu), nous avons identifié les taches que doivent supporter les interfaces utilisateur audio 3D et proposé un cadre de conception qui caractérise la création et la manipulation des objets audio. Ensuite, nous avons conçu plusieurs techniques d’interaction pour la création audio 3D et avons étudié leurs performances et leur facilité d’utilisation selon différentes caractéristiques des méthodes d’entrée et de ’mapping’ (multiplexage, intégralité, ’directitude’). Nous avons observé des différences de performances lors de la création et de l’édition de trajectoires audio suggérant que l’augmentation de la sensibilité de la technique de ’mapping’ améliore les performances, et qu’un équilibre entre la séparabilité et l’intégralité des méthodes d’entrée peut résulter en un compromis satisfaisant entre la performance de l’utilisateur et la simplicité matérielle de la solution. Plus généralement, à partir de ces perspectives, nous avons identifié les critères de conception requis pour les interfaces utilisateur audio 3D en vue de compléter notre cadre de conception. Ce dernier, associé à nos résultats expérimentaux, sont un moyen d’aider les concepteurs à mieux prendre en compte les dimensions importantes dans le processus de conception, analyser les fonctionnalités et améliorer les interfaces utilisateur pour les outils de production audio 3D
There has been a significant interest in providing immersive listening experiences for a variety of applications, and recent improvements in audio production have provided the capability for 3D audio practitioners to produce realistic and imaginative immersive auditory scenes. Even though technologies to reproduce 3D audio content are becoming readily available for consumers, producing and authoring this type of content is difficult due to the variety of rendering techniques, perceptual considerations, and limitations of available user interfaces. This thesis examines these issues through the development of a framework of design spaces that classifies how 3D audio objects can be created and manipulated from two different viewpoints : Morphological Analysis of 3D Audio Methods and Practices and Interaction Design. By gathering ethnographic data on tools, methods, and practices of 3D audio practitioners, overviewing spatial perception related to 3D audio, and conducting a morphological analysis on related objects of interest (3D audio objects, interactive parameters, and rendering techniques), we identified the tasks required to produce 3D audio content and how 3D audio objects can be created and manipulated. This work provided the dimensions of two design spaces that identify the interactive spatial parameters of audio objects by their recording and rendering methods, describing how user interfaces provide visual feedback and control the interactive parameters. Lastly, we designed several interaction techniques for 3D audio authoring and studied their performance and usability according to different characteristics of input and mapping methods (multiplexing, integrality, directness). We observed performance differences when creating and editing audio trajectories, suggesting that increasing the directness of the mapping technique improves performance and that a balance between separability and integrality of input methods can result into a satisfactory trade-off between user performance and cost of equipment. This study provided results that inform designers on what they might expect in terms of usability when designing input and mapping methods for 3D audio trajectory authoring tasks. From these viewpoints, we proposed design criteria required for user interfaces for 3D audio user production that developed and improved the framework of design spaces. We believe this framework and the results of our studies could help designers better account for important dimensions in the design process, analyze functionalities in current tools, and improve the usability of user interfaces for 3D audio production tools

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