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Arvola, Mattias. "Good to use! : Use quality of multi-user applications in the home". Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, MDI - Interaction and Service Design Research Group, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5686.
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Traditional models of usability are not sufficient for software in the home, since they are built with office software in mind. Previous research suggest that social issues among other things, separate software in homes from software in offices. In order to explore that further, the use qualities to design for, in software for use in face-to-face meetings at home were contrasted to such systems at offices. They were studied using a pluralistic model of use quality with roots in socio-cultural theory, cognitive systems engineering, and architecture. The research approach was interpretative design cases. Observations, situated interviews, and workshops were conducted at a Swedish bank, and three interactive television appliances were designed and studied in simulated home environments. It is concluded that the use qualities to design for in infotainment services on interactive television are laidback interaction, togetherness among users, and entertainment. This is quite different from bank office software that usually is characterised by not only traditional usability criteria such as learnability, flexibility, effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, but also professional face management and ante-use. Ante-use is the events and activities that precedes the actual use that will set the ground for whether the software will have quality in use or not. Furthermore, practices for how to work with use quality values, use quality objectives, and use quality criteria in the interaction design process are suggested. Finally, future research in design of software for several co-present users is proposed.
Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2002:61.
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De, Geer Edward. "Fair Use Doctrine i svensk musikjuridik : En hypotetisk implementering av Fair Use Doctrine i svensk upphovsrätt". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90927.
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Uppsatsen studerar den svenska musikbranschens behov av ett allmänt upphovsrättsligt undantag, hur väl den amerikanska principen Fair Use Doctrine lämpar sig som utgångspunkt för ett sådant undantag och vilka anpassningar principen och de svenska upphovsrättsliga undantagen skulle behöva vid en implementering. Förändringar i tekniska förutsättningar har resulterat i större risk för upphovsrättsliga intrång och ett behov av en mer flexibel upphovsrätt. Samtidigt har lagstiftarens åtgärder resulterat i en svåröverskådlig lagstiftning. Uppsatsen bedömer att det finns ett behov av ett allmänt upphovsrättsligt undantag likt Fair Use Doctrine i svensk upphovsrätt och att principen är lämplig såsom utgångspunkt för utformandet av undantaget. Som ett resultat skulle ett allmänt upphovsrättsligt undantag bistå med den flexibilitet som behövs, men även om många upphovsrättsliga principer som utformats i svensk praxis kan lämnas orörda behöver både principen och den svenska undantagskatalogen anpassas innan ett allmänt upphovsrättsligt undantag likt Fair Use Doctrine implementeras i svensk upphovsrätt. Det svenska rättssystemet uppvisar tendenser till både acceptans av öppna normer och en ovilja att skapa praxis gällande de upphovsrättsliga undantagen, men bör kunna utforma och tillämpa ett allmänt upphovsrättsligt undantag. Uppsatsen konstaterar att det allmänna undantaget bör införas som en generalklausul i 2 kap. URL och att regeringen bör studera denna möjlighet i ett framtida utredningsbetänkande.
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Romero, Luiz Rogério [UNESP]. "Consumo de drogas e nível de atividade física entre estudantes de ensino fundamental e médio de cidade do interior paulista". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98457.
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Estimar a prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas, inclusive álcool e tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de uma cidade do interior paulista, assim como, identificar e analisar fatores preditores e protetores do uso de drogas. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal, com a aplicação de questionário estruturado, previamente testado, individual, anônimo, de auto-preenchimento e participação facultativa para alunos de escolas públicas e privadas, do ensino fundamental e médio do município. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 1933 indivíduos, sendo 50,2% do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 15,1 l 1,5 anos. O álcool foi a droga mais consumida na vida e nos últimos trinta dias (respectivamente, 69,9% e 41,1%), seguido do tabaco (23,5% e 10,2%), maconha (7,3% e 3,8%) e solventes (7,2% e 2,9%). São apresentados valores de odds ratio para os principais fatores de risco e proteção ao uso de drogas identificados no trabalho, assim como os já ressaltados pela literatura (sexo, idade, classe econômica, religião, escolaridade - fundamental e médio, mesada, trabalho remunerado e tempo livre). Discussão: Discute-se a adequação de programas de prevenção desenvolvidos na escola, no período em que os escolares se encontram ainda em momento de experimentação e fases iniciais do uso de drogas, abordando aspectos relacionados à promoção da saúde, melhoria das condições de vida, atitudes pessoais e organização social, assim como, características e necessidades regionais.
To estimate the prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and tobacco, among elementary and middle-school students in public and private schools from one city in the interior of Sao Paulo state, as well as to identify and analyze factors that predict and protect from the use/abuse of drugs. Methodology: A transversal study was accomplished with application of a structured questionnaire - previously tested, individual, anonymous, self-completed, and of facultative participation - for students of public and private schools of elementary and high school education. Results: A total of 1933 individuals participated in the study, 50.2% male. The mean age was 15.1 l 1.5 years. Alcohol was the drug most consumed throughout life and in the prior thirty days (respectively, 69.9% and 41.1%), followed by tobacco (23.5% and 10.2%), marijuana (7.3% and 3.8%) and solvents (7.2% and 2.9%). Odds ratio values are presented as the principal protective and risk factors for drug use identified in the work, as well as those already highlighted in the literature (sex, age, economic class, religion, education level - elementary and high school, monthly allowance, remunerated work and free time). Discussion: The adequacy of prevention programs developed in the school is discussed, for the period in which students are found still at the moment of experimentation and initial phases of drug use, dealing with aspects related to health promotion, improvement of life conditions, personal attitudes and social organization, as well as regional characteristics and necessities.
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Clements, Andrea D., i Natalie A. Cyphers. "Prenatal Substance Use: Religious Women Report Lower Use Rates, but Do They Use Less?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7198.
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An inverse relationship exists between self-reported religiousness and substance use. However, we question whether religious culture impacts the veracity of self-reported substance use. The primary aim of this study of low-income pregnant women in South Central Appalachia was to determine the accuracy of self-reported substance use in pregnant women as well as to determine whether there were differences in use rates and/or differences in the degree to which women would accurately report substance use depending on their religiousness. Self-reported use and toxicology screening results taken from a larger prospective, longitudinal, smoking cessation study were compared for five substances (cannabinoids [marijuana or other cannabinoids], benz/barb/sed [including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or any sedative], opioids [including heroin, methadone or other medication-assisted treatment medications, or other opiates], crack/cocaine [crack or cocaine], and meth/amph [including methamphetamine or any other amphetamine]). Women who attend church frequently reported lower rates of substance use than infrequent or nonattenders, as did women who rated themselves as high in intrinsic religiosity (IR), although the difference between high and low groups is less extreme for IR as opposed to attendance. Women who attended church frequently were far less likely to report use or to have use confirmed than any of the other groups including those high in IR. Rates of positive toxicology screens did not differ statistically across religiousness groupings, but the pattern of proportionally fewer positive toxicology results was seen in frequent attenders but not in women self-reporting as high IR. Women’s tendency to underreport substance use was unrelated to religiousness variables, indicating underreporting is not necessarily driving this difference in reported substance use.
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Seddon, Jennifer Louise. "Cannabis use in first-episode psychosis : motivation for use, change in use, and the impact of cannabis use of symptomatic outcome". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3868/.
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The use of cannabis has been found to be prognostic of poorer symptomatic outcome among people with first-episode psychosis. It is therefore important to understand what motivates the use of cannabis in this population. Using a twelve month prospective design this research aimed to quantitatively assess the impact of cannabis use on the symptoms of psychosis, mania, depression and the level of functioning among people with first-episode psychosis. The research also aimed to identify if the motives for cannabis use, such as reasons and expectancy, a person's social network and self-perceived social status may be associated with cannabis use, cessation or abstention. Qualitative methods were also used to explore the factors that the participant perceived to relate to cannabis use and cannabis abstention among people experiencing their first-episode of psychosis. This research found the continued use of cannabis to be associated with increased severity of mania and to impede recovery in psycho-social functioning. The results suggest that similar reasons and expectancies motivate the use of cannabis in young people with and without psychosis. Concern regarding the potential adverse effect of cannabis use on mental health was found to be influential for cannabis cessation and abstention; and abstention from cannabis was also associated with greater negative cannabis expectancy. The sample sizes in this research may have meant that a small number of analyses were underpowered to detect significant differences for some variables. Nevertheless, the results of this research highlight the deleterious effect that continued use of cannabis may have for II people experiencing their first-episode of psychosis. Psycho-education regarding the potentially adverse effects of cannabis use may help to enhance current intervention efforts among this population; however intervention must emphasise "normal" motives for cannabis use rather than psychosis specific motives.
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Mark, Emil. "Usability : Through the use of guidelines and user participation". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4910.
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The Department of Engineering Science at University West in Trollhättan was in need of a new system for scheduling personnel, as the existing system is based upon an Excel-file and is hard to work with and does not provide an easy way for the users to collaborate.The purpose of this study was to examine how existing principles and guidelines regarding interface design can be used to create a new web based system with a high usability. The purpose is also to examine how participatory design affects the design process and outcome.To create a system with a high grade of usability, a number of existing rules and guidelines regarding usability and a number of subjects regarding interaction design, were used by the development team as tools.Even though the study showed that usability guidelines can be a valuable tool and provide a good foundation it is important to emphasize the use of other techniques. For example the use of participatory design, which in the study was found to be of great value to the development team.Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap vid Högskolan Väst i Trollhättan var i behov av ett nytt tjänsteplaneringssystem då det nuvarande system som är Excel-baserat är svårt att arbeta med och ej erbjuder något effektivt sätt för användarna att samarbeta.Syftet med studien var att studera hur de principer och riktlinjer som finns gällande interaktionsdesign kan användas för att skapa ett nytt webbaserat system. Syftet var också att undersöka hur deltagande design påverkar design processen och dess resultat.För att skapa ett system med en hög grad användarbarhet har ett antal regler och riktlinjer som berör användarbarhet och ett antal begrepp inom interaktionsdesign använts av utvecklingslaget som verktyg.Även om studien visar att användning av användarbarhetsriktlinjer kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg och erbjuda en god grund är det viktigt att använda fler tekniker. Till exempel användandet av deltagande design, som i studien har funnits vara av stort värde för utvecklingslaget.
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Appelstål, Michael, Jonatan Michalak i Melker Österberg. "Easy to Use Graphical User Interface for Robot Programming". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357345.
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The field of robotics is growing rapidly due to the demand of robotic labor, but it is still relatively complicated for someone unexperienced to program a robot. In this project we have developed a web-based graphical user interface and scripting language for programming robot arms. The goal was to make the user interface so easy to use that people with no previous experience can use it to program the robots. The finished product is a web-based drag and drop application which generates robot control code in FeatherScript, a scripting language built by us for this project. The graphical user interface satisfies all technical requirements and from a survey on user experience we can conclude that the GUI is easy to use.Robotindustrin växer fort tillsammans med efterfrågan på robotar, men de är idag fortfarande relativt komplicerade att programmera för någon utan tidigare erfarenhet av robotar och/eller programmering. Vi har utvecklat ett webbaserat grafiskt användargränssnitt och skriptspråk för programmering av robotarmar. Målet var att göra användargränssnittet så pass lättanvänt att personer utan tidigare erfarenhet kan använda det för att programmera robotar. Vår slutprodukt är en webbaserad drag-and-drop-applikation som generar robotkod i FeatherScript, ett skriptspråk byggt av oss under detta projekt. Det grafiska användargränssnittet uppfyller alla tekniska krav och genom att utföra en enkät om användarbarhet så kan vi även konstatera att gränssnittet är enkelt att använda.
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McCaffery, Stephen James 1966. "Deictic use". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289633.
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This dissertation is comprised of four chapters. In chapter 1 I examine Kaplan's theory of deictics (indexicals and demonstratives) and show that the very data that is used to support various aspects of the theory actually show it to be inadequate. In chapter 2 I present a variety of uses of deictics and argue that semantic theories in general are not equipped to handle them. In chapter 3 I examine two other views of deictic reference and show them to be inadequate. I then outline my own two component use-based theory of deictics. In my theory I combine a semantic theory of deictics with a theory of reference determining intentions by showing that the linguistic meanings of deictic terms create constraints on a speaker's referential intentions. In chapter 4 I fill out a number of aspects of my theory and deal with the attributive use of deictics.
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Salman, Abdulsalam Abiodun. "Issues and challenges in the provision and utilisation of public library services in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1528.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy( Library and Information Studies) in the Department of Information Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2017.This study set out to investigate the provision and use of public library services in Nigeria with a view to determining the satisfaction level of users with the services offered. Additionally the study wanted to develop a framework that will address the issues and challenges identified when providing public library services to the Nigerian population. Providing access to information through an institution such as a public library presupposes a well-governed and efficiently managed system. Lacking these, service delivery might be compromised, resulting in a population dissatisfied with the services delivered. The study is centred on the IFLA Public Library Service Guidelines, with the use of theoretical models such as the Traditional Public Administration Model (TPAM) and the New Public Management (NPM). An interpretivist approach to research was adopted involving mainly qualitative methods. A quantitative paradigm was also used as a supplementary method. The case study design methodology was used by conducting in-depth interviews with three permanent secretaries, six public library directors, and six heads of rural community libraries, cutting across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. An informal interview was held with the children using the public library services in order to gauge their opinion about the services provided in the children’s section of the library. A questionnaire was administered to public library users in order to understand their responses on awareness, accessibility, use and satisfaction with the services provided by public libraries. Observation was used for validation of the responses from the interviews and questionnaire. In all, fifteen interviews were conducted with the administrators/managers of public libraries in Nigeria. The reason for using multiple instruments (interview, observation and questionnaire) was for triangulation of the responses in order to identify areas of divergence and convergence during data analysis. The interview responses were thematically analysed using content analysis, while the data collected through a survey questionnaire were analysed using the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) in order to arrive at summary and descriptive statistics. A test-retest reliability method using two methods was imperative; (1) expert opinion where a content validity index (CVI) was computed, and (2) Cronbach’s Alpha, that became more useful where continuous and non-dichotomous data were included in the analysis. It was therefore concluded that the instrument was internally consistent and reliable. Ethical considerations were also taken into account with informed consent forms, approval seeking, permission as well as confidentiality. vi The findings of this study showed that variables such as: relevant academic qualifications, years of experience, and designation of the administrators of public libraries affected the service delivery. The study also revealed that the pattern of administration of public libraries in Nigeria still conforms to the Traditional Public Administration Model (TPAM), which was criticised for its top-down and inefficient administrative approach. Very little community participation in the administration of the public libraries was identified, and it was established that there is still a huge dependency on the parent bodies for decision-making and funding. Additionally the study also found the following challenges as impediments to the expected service delivery: inadequate funding; insufficient staff; irregular electricity supply; outdated library materials; lack of functional library resources and facilities; and inappropriate public library legislation. Digital resources were found to be lacking in most of the libraries, and the physical infrastructure was found lacking, especially in the rural areas. Awareness of the services provided by the public libraries was found to be low, and it is mainly traditional services that are currently offered. This situation subsequently resulted in a low level of satisfaction with the use of the services. The study recommended that laws specific to public libraries should be promulgated in order to regulate the governance and administration of this public unit; more relevant and adequate services should be provided; alternative forms of funding should be explored in order to alleviate the dependence on governmental budgets; and training and retraining of public library staff should be actively explored with special emphasis on attaining IT skills.
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Chan, Hok-kan Eric. "Traffic in Hong Kong new towns". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425684.
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Long, Elizabeth C. "Developmental Trajectories of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder". VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5111.
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Alcohol use (AU) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are leading causes of morbidity, premature death, and economic burden. They are also associated with high levels of disability and many other negative outcomes. Twin and family studies have consistently shown that AU and AUD are complex traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although much has been learned about the genetic and environmental etiology of AU and AUD, significant gaps remain. These include the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of risk and protective factors, and the nature of developmental trajectories underpinning the progression from AU to AUD. The aims of this dissertation are: (1) to examine the roles of resilience and personality disorders in the etiology of AU and AUD; (2) to investigate the nature of longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental risk factors responsible for individual differences in AU; and (3) to determine the moderating roles of key environmental risk factors on the impact of aggregate molecular, or polygenic, risk for AU during adolescence. Using both biometrical behavioral genetic and molecular genetic methodologies, five key findings were observed: (1) Resilience is strongly associated with a reduction in risk for AUD, and this relationship appears to be the result of overlapping genetic and shared environmental influences; (2) Borderline and antisocial personality disorders are the strongest and most stable personality pathology predictors of the phenotypic and genotypic liability to AU and AUD across time; (3) Genetic influences on the development of AUD from early adulthood to mid-adulthood are dynamic, whereby two sets of genetic risk factors contribute to AUD risk; (4) The specific genetic influences on AU follow an unfolding pattern of growth over time, whereas unique environmental risk factors are consistent with an accumulation of environmental impacts and risks across time; and (5) High peer group deviance and low parental monitoring are associated with increased AU, while early parental monitoring moderates the polygenic risk for AU at age 20. The implications of these results with regard to prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
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Ho, Wing-hei Nancy, i 何穎曦. "Land use and transport: how accessibility shapes land use". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46736852.
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Morgenstern, P. "Understanding hospital electricity use : an end-use(r) perspective". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1514500/.
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Increasing energy costs and climate change legislation have prompted efforts to reduce energy consumption in hospitals. In addition to technological conservation strategies focusing on building and systems, staff-centred initiatives such as energy awareness campaigns are increasingly considered by NHS trusts. But hospitals are complex buildings with unique energy requirements and it is unclear to what extent these are influenced by clinical staff. This case study investigation, employing both technical and social methods of inquiry, hence aims to improve the understanding of hospital electricity use from an end-use perspective and to determine the relevance of behaviour and other simple operational changes as strategies to save energy in different hospital areas. The study findings highlight the importance of a robust understanding of operational characteristics and contextual variables in devising tailored organisational carbon management strategies. A three-tiered process is proposed to identify spaces where simple operational changes could reduce energy demand: it is recommended to, firstly, undertake an engineering analysis of the energy end-uses in the spaces in question, identifying significant loads at a local level. Floor area weighted operating hours and shares of installed loads under (clinical) staff control may then be helpful metrics to approximate the extent to which these loads are influenced by the actions of occupants. Finally, socio-technical constraints on departmental workings should be considered taking into account at least aspects around the shared use of spaces between teams, the available local knowledge on the control of building services and equipment, the morale within the organisation as well as the suitability of the working means. The need to move away from top-down imposed models of change is recognised, instead taking a user-perspective to understand what may constitute a reasonably achievable transformation in the ways things are done. This does also mean that standards and requirements are not beyond questioning, even in sensitive environments such as hospitals. Instead, collaborative efforts between energy managers and interested clinicians as well as health administrators and equipment technicians could help to demystify clinical processes and achieve a sound understanding of opportunities to reduce the energy use of the health service.
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Miquel, Laia, Jakob Manthey, Jürgen Rehm, Emili Vela, Montserrat Bustins, Lidia Segura, Eduard Vieta, Joan Colom, Peter Anderson i Antoni Gual. "Risky Alcohol Use: The Impact on Health Service Use". Karger, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38917.
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Objective: To examine health services use on the basis of alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients visiting the Primary Health Care (PHC) settings in Catalonia during 2011 and 2012; these patients had a history of alcohol consumption. Information about outpatient visits in the PHC setting, hospitalizations, specialists’ visits and emergency room visits for the year 2013 was obtained from 2 databases (the Information System for the Development of Research in PHC and the Catalan Health Surveillance System). Risky drinkers were defined as those who consumed more than 280 g per week for men or more than 170 g per week for women, or any amount of alcohol while being involved in a high risk work activity, or taking medication that significantly interferes with alcohol or when being pregnant. Binge drinkers (>60 g in men or >50 g in women in a short amount of time more than once a month) were also considered risky drinkers. Results: A total of 606,948 patients reported consuming alcohol (of which 10.5% were risky drinkers). Risky drinkers were more likely to be admitted to hospitals or emergency departments (range of ORs 1.08–1.18) compared to light drinkers. Male risky drinkers used fewer PHC services than male light drinkers (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87–0.92). In general, risky alcohol users used services more and had longer hospital stays. When stratifying by socioeconomic level of the residential area, we found that risky drinking failed significance, while current or past cigarette smoking was associated with higher healthcare use. Conclusions: Risky drinkers use more expensive services, such as hospitals and emergency rooms, but not PHC services, which may suggest that prevention strategies and alcohol interventions should also be implemented in those settings.
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Hill, Deirdre A. "Hormone use patterns, intrauterine device use, and endometrial cancer /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10899.
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Moroney, Robert C. "The use of granulated rubber from used tyres in concrete". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406729.
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Hedstrom, Alexander E. "Media use and diet: A dynamic uses and gratifications approach". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397586267.
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McKenna, Mary. "User-based criteria for use and evaluation of alert services". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Wong, Chi-kwong. "A new methodology for calibrating the Lowry model /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19719772.
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Nelson, Gerry Morton. "The skills leaders use and why they use them a study of Sayles's business management skills used by school principals /". Access abstract and link to full text, 1987. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8803556.
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Schäfer, Boris. "Detached tool use in evolutionary robotics : Evolving tool use skills". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12.
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This master thesis investigates the principal capability of artificial evolution to produce tool use behavior in adaptive agents, excluding the application of life-time learning or adaptation mechanisms. Tool use is one aspect of complex behavior that is expected from autonomous agents acting in real-world environments. In order to achieve tool use behavior an agent needs to identify environmental objects as potential tools before it can use the tools in a problem-solving task. Up to now research in robotics has focused on life-time learning mechanisms in order to achieve this. However, these techniques impose great demands on resources, e.g. in terms of memory or computational power. All of them have shown limited results with respect to a general adaptivity. One might argue that even nature does not present any kind of omni-adaptive agent. While humans seem to be a good example of natural agents that master an impressive variety of life conditions and environments (at least from a human perspective, other examples are spectacular survivability observations of octopuses, scorpions or various viruses) even the most advanced engineering approaches can hardly compete with the simplest life-forms in terms of adaptation. This thesis tries to contribute to engineering approaches by promoting the application of artificial evolution as a complementing element with the presentation of successful pioneering experiments. The results of these experiments show that artificial evolution is indeed capable to render tool use behavior at different levels of complexity and shows that the application of artificial evolution might be a good complement to life-time approaches in order to create agents that are able to implicitly extract concepts and display tool use behavior. The author believes that off-loading at least parts of the concept retrieval process to artificial evolution will reduce resource efforts at life-time when creating autonomous agents with complex behavior such as tool use. This might be a first step towards the vision of a higher level of autonomy and adaptability. Moreover, it shows the demand for an experimental verification of commonly accepted limits between qualities of learned and evolved tool use capabilities.
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Morrison, Erin R. "Can We Re-use “Single-Use” Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges?" Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7065.
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Organic and inorganic compounds are present as contaminants in varying concentrations throughout our water cycle. Examples of these contaminants include the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) bisphenol-A (BPA) and 17β-estradiol (E2) from plastics and pharmaceutical use. It can be necessary to obtain the concentration of these compounds within the water cycle for analysis by interested parties such as research groups, regulatory agencies, and private organizations. These concentrations, however, can be too dilute within the initial sample for analysis. Therefore it is necessary to concentrate the compound of interest (analyte) prior to analysis. One such way to do this is by way of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE).
SPE uses a small cartridge which contains chromatographic packing material to chemically extract analytes from a water sample onto a solid phase. To increase concentration, these analytes are then transferred (eluted) to a substantially smaller volume of organic solvent for eventual analyses. These commercially available cartridges are relatively inexpensive, approximately $5 each. However, these cartridges are labeled as single use. In large-scale analyses, this can quickly add up to a sizable percentage of the analysis budget. Additionally, sizable waste volumes can be generated from these analyses in the form of non-degradable polypropylene plastic. If these cartridges can be re-used, material costs as well as waste volumes can be substantially reduced. However, little is known regarding how the quality of analysis degrades with cartridge re-use. The objective of this project is to evaluate the number of times SPE cartridges can be reused without compromising the results of the subsequent analyses.
Based on a review of prior literature, I identified and developed protocols for extracting analytes (BPA and E2) from water via SPE, then analyzing them with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These protocols have been developed to mimic those employed by research labs, industry, and other entities for which the results of this study would be most applicable. The only deviation is the re-use of the cartridge rather than disposal and replacement. One type of commercially available SPE cartridge (Oasis HLB, Waters Inc., Milford, MA) was used and two water types were tested. The water was spiked with fixed concentrations of BPA and E2, and then analyzed by way of SPE/GC-MS. For both water types, I performed multiple SPE runs on 10 cartridges each. I tracked the history of GC-MS peak areas, which indicate apparent analyte concentration. Peak area data were analyzed as a function of the number of analyses performed (run number), and evaluated for statistically significant changes as well as overall trends. Statistically significant change and/or trends would indicate that the cartridge had exceeded the maximum allowable number of re-uses and would thereby identify the number of times the “single-use” cartridge can reliably be re-used.
Peak area history for 20 SPE runs per cartridge for pure water samples and 10 SPE runs for wastewater effluent showed no statistically significant changes or trends on peak area. This indicates that cartridges can be re-used at least 10 times without compromising the integrity of water sample analysis for the EDCs considered in this study.
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McLachlan, Andre David. "Addiction Phenomenology In Substance Use And Non-Substance Use Disorders". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2314.
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There is growing research evidence and public concern over the burgeoning of disorders which share common features with substance addictions. In order to investigate the presence and role of addiction features in disorders outside of substance addictions, symptoms of addiction were explored within three addiction groups: alcohol dependence (AD), an established addiction (n = 24); pathological gambling (PG) a disorder with growing empirical support as an addiction (n = 20); and compulsive shopping (CS), a proposed 'novel' addiction(n = 20). Participants were recruited from either the general population, or from the Auckland Salvation Army Bridge residential alcohol and drug treatment programme; Salvation Army Oasis Gambling Service; Pacific Peoples Addiction Service Incorporated; or Te Kahui Hauora O Ngati Koata Trust. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures comprising a demographics questionnaire; Addictive Disorder Questionnaire (ADQ); anxiety and depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R); Barratt Impulsivity Scale II-r; and substance specific adaptations of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Three general categories of addiction symptoms: physiological, salience and dyscontrol, were identified as broad aspects of addiction, common across all three groups. Measurable aspects of addiction, including impulsivity, obsessions, anxiety and depression were found to be endorsed similarly across the three addictions, irrespective of the severity of their addiction. Compulsions were found to be higher in the AD group. Higher anxiety was found to be correlated with higher addiction in the behavioural addictions (CS and PG), whereas depression and anxiety were associated with higher addiction severity in the AD group. The results provide support for broadening addiction diagnostic definitions, to be more encompassing of the psychological and physiological experiences of each symptom; and developing different diagnostic categories for non-substance addictions that reflect the severity of the addiction. Results also provide evidence for developmental phases of addiction, from an early 'hedonistic' impulsive phase, to a compulsive phase, in which increased dyscontrol, mood and anxiety, marks the severity of the addiction.
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Ross, Michael W. "Condom use and attitudes toward condom use in homosexual men /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmr825.pdf.
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Amundsen, Ole M. (Ole Martin) 1967. "Evaluating the use of mediation in land use decision-making". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10142.
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Tolman, Kelly D. "Finance at the school level actual use and intended use /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594494041&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ma, Mei-fung Florence. "Conversion of segregated land use patterns into mixed-use developments". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796860.
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Evans, Julie Kwon. "Physical Activity, Healthcare Use, and Medication Use In Diabetes Patients". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7866.
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Physical Activity, Healthcare Use, and Medication Use in Diabetes Patients
by
Julie Kwon Evans
MS, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2013
Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Psychology
Walden University
November 2019
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Williams, Richard Malcolm. "Boundaries for use in wheat variety classification use in Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1203.
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Suppliers of wheat must ensure that their products have the required quality profile demanded by customers and consistently deliver that quality in order to be competitive. Australia’s wheat industry is highly exposed to such competitive threats because it relies heavily on exports. An integral component in maintaining Australia’s competitiveness has been its classification system. The first step involves the complex process of determining a genotypic quality profile of each variety – a variety classification. At harvest, subsequent steps are the use of a statutory declaration and testing of physical quality traits. Together these steps determine how deliveries of wheat are segregated. A single variety can have different classifications across the 7 classification regions of Australia. Most classification regions are divided along state borders and these are not reflective of potential environmental influences.The manner in which Australia wheat breeding programs now tackle their task has changed since 1999. The commercially focused companies of the current era have national targets to remain viable, and are focused on costs. Other evolutions associated with the change, are the introduction of different sources of parental material, and moving to more economic composite quality testing regimes instead of the individual site by site testing used in the past. Together, these factors, particularly variety adaptability and stability of performance, have the capacity to increase variability. The likelihood of variation is further increased given that the current classification regions upon which classification decisions are made do not adequately reflect environmental effects on the expression of quality. To determine whether better divisions of the Australian wheat-belt could be identified for variety classification purposes, a substantial spatial and temporal database of historical quality results was assembled. The creation of this relational database was unique, because never before had expansive sets of independent, state-based, quality sub-sets been joined together. However, the data were unbalanced and required alternative statistical tools to be analysed. The relational database was the platform from which three phases of research were conducted.The first research phase investigated the extent of cross over, or re-ranking of results, statistically referred to as genotype x environment interaction. The approach was to assess balanced data sets, in a manner reminiscent of the most common method identified from the literature. The results of those analyses showed that the size of genotype and environment interaction was small compared with the main effects of genotype and environment. The second phase of research focused on identifying alternative boundaries for classification purposes. Test divisions were compared with the current set of 7 classification regions for the capacity to minimise environmental variance while maintaining differences between the zones of a set. Test divisions were based on fourteen published divisions of the Australian wheat-belt. Analyses were conducting using residual maximum likelihood because of the unbalanced structure of the data. Estimates of variance components, quality trait means and standard errors were calculated. Consideration of such estimates resulted in the identification of 4 different divisions of the wheat-belt that had low environmental variance levels for important quality traits such as maximum resistance, dough development time, and water absorption.In addition, these 4 divisions of the wheat-belt had fewer number of zones compared with the existing set of classification regions because they linked separate parts of the wheat-belt together. In order of decreasing merit, the 4 divisions of the wheat-belt represented average October maximum temperatures; agro-ecological zones reported by Williams et al. (2002); average annual rainfall; and Departments of Agriculture recommendation zones. A final phase of crosschecking was performed to assess the veracity of the 4 identified divisions. A cluster analysis supported the orientation of their boundaries and it was also observed that the use of fixed boundaries for classification purposes would not be negatively affected by seasonal variation. The 4 divisions of the wheat-belt identified in this research support the use of environmentally focused classification boundaries. In addition to improving the capacity to segregate consistent quality, the linking of geographically separate production areas of the wheat-belt reduced the number of zones and this offers process efficiencies.
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Romero, Luiz Rogério. "Consumo de drogas e nível de atividade física entre estudantes de ensino fundamental e médio de cidade do interior paulista /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98457.
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Orientador: Ivete DalbenBanca: Henrique Luiz Monteiro
Banca: Maria Helena Borgato Cappo Bianco
Resumo: Estimar a prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas, inclusive álcool e tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de uma cidade do interior paulista, assim como, identificar e analisar fatores preditores e protetores do uso de drogas. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal, com a aplicação de questionário estruturado, previamente testado, individual, anônimo, de auto-preenchimento e participação facultativa para alunos de escolas públicas e privadas, do ensino fundamental e médio do município. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 1933 indivíduos, sendo 50,2% do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 15,1 l 1,5 anos. O álcool foi a droga mais consumida na vida e nos últimos trinta dias (respectivamente, 69,9% e 41,1%), seguido do tabaco (23,5% e 10,2%), maconha (7,3% e 3,8%) e solventes (7,2% e 2,9%). São apresentados valores de odds ratio para os principais fatores de risco e proteção ao uso de drogas identificados no trabalho, assim como os já ressaltados pela literatura (sexo, idade, classe econômica, religião, escolaridade - fundamental e médio, mesada, trabalho remunerado e tempo livre). Discussão: Discute-se a adequação de programas de prevenção desenvolvidos na escola, no período em que os escolares se encontram ainda em momento de experimentação e fases iniciais do uso de drogas, abordando aspectos relacionados à promoção da saúde, melhoria das condições de vida, atitudes pessoais e organização social, assim como, características e necessidades regionais.
Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and tobacco, among elementary and middle-school students in public and private schools from one city in the interior of Sao Paulo state, as well as to identify and analyze factors that predict and protect from the use/abuse of drugs. Methodology: A transversal study was accomplished with application of a structured questionnaire - previously tested, individual, anonymous, self-completed, and of facultative participation - for students of public and private schools of elementary and high school education. Results: A total of 1933 individuals participated in the study, 50.2% male. The mean age was 15.1 l 1.5 years. Alcohol was the drug most consumed throughout life and in the prior thirty days (respectively, 69.9% and 41.1%), followed by tobacco (23.5% and 10.2%), marijuana (7.3% and 3.8%) and solvents (7.2% and 2.9%). Odds ratio values are presented as the principal protective and risk factors for drug use identified in the work, as well as those already highlighted in the literature (sex, age, economic class, religion, education level - elementary and high school, monthly allowance, remunerated work and free time). Discussion: The adequacy of prevention programs developed in the school is discussed, for the period in which students are found still at the moment of experimentation and initial phases of drug use, dealing with aspects related to health promotion, improvement of life conditions, personal attitudes and social organization, as well as regional characteristics and necessities.
Mestre
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Zambrano, Sánchez Neida. "Alcance del principio del "afair use" en la protección jurídica del software: con especial referencia al caso Oracle América Inc. v. Google Inc". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170186.
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Actividad formativa equivalente a tesis (magíster en derecho con mención en contratación comparada e internacional)En los últimos años, diversos pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales norteamericanos recaído en el caso Oracle American Inc. v. Google Inc., han llamado la atención de la industria tecnológica, sobre sí el código declarativo y las SSO de las interfaces de aplicación (Application Programming Interface, en sus siglas en inglés APIs) empleadas para el desarrollo del sistema operativo Android, en su condición de elementos distintos al código fuente, también estaban protegidas por el copyright. Una decisión que apoyó esta postura de que sí estaban protegidas hizo que un Juzgado de Distrito conociera sobre el fair use (uso justo en español), o no de las interfaces. Este caso falló a favor de Google declarando que la implementación del código declarativo y sus secuencias, estructura y organización de las 37 APIs de Java, propiedad de Oracle efectivamente fue un uso justo, siendo clave dentro de la interoperabilidad de los programas informáticos y de la innovación.
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Murray, Phillip Dominic. "Urban land use /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm983.pdf.
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Marshall, Jonathan W. "Adaptive [re]use". PDF viewer required Home page for entire collecton, 2007. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Shui, Aaron Fu-Shen 1980. "Exceptional use cases". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84073.
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Many exceptional situations arise during the execution of an application. When developing dependable software, the first step is to foresee these exceptional situations and document how the system should deal with them. This thesis outlines an approach that extends use case based requirements elicitation with ideas from the exception handling world. After defining the actors and the goals they pursue when interacting with the system, our approach leads a developer to systematically investigate all exceptional situations arising in the environment or in the system that change or fail user goals. Means are defined for detecting the occurrence of all exceptional situations, and the exceptional interaction between the actors and the system necessary to recover from such situations is described in handler use cases. To conclude the requirements phase, an extended UML use case diagram summarizes the standard use cases, exceptions, handlers and their relationships.
35
Newman, Rayya Renee. "USE-LESS Building". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34976.
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A USE-LESS Building aims to use less square feet and resources by adapting over time and by accommodating various uses like apartments, stores, offices, cafes, etc.
Adhering to the USE-LESS concept, this project was developed 4 dimensionally on a site in Mount Pleasant, Washington DC. The relationship between a building and time was explored through three elements, an existing wall that is preserved, a wet wall that houses services, and a moving wall that changes according to the userâ s will. This site specific approach to design, rather than program specific, enables the structure to adapt to the social and economic needs of the neighborhood at different rates.Master of Architecture
36
Walker, Linda Ann. "Accepting wheelchair use". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/933b5a83-d0b4-40a0-abff-526fcc10888f.
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Statutory wheelchair provision in England and Wales has been equipment led since its inception in 1990. However, users are reported to be dissatisfied with the service and a reorganisation of provision is underway that purports, in accordance with recent Government advice (DOH, 2012), to make the wheelchair user central to the supply process. However, little is known about wheelchair users perspectives of the equipment that they use to inform this process.
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Pack, Robert P. "Opioid Use Disorder". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1335.
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Bernard, Julia M., i M. Klein. "Teenage Drug Use". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5802.
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Arvola, Mattias. "Shades of use : the dynamics of interaction design for sociable use /". Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/09/00/index.html.
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Stevenson, C. A. "Cannabis use : The social context of initiation and patterns of use". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517520.
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Lee, Dustin C. "INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ESCALATION OF TOBACCO USE: IMPULSIVITY AND ALCOHOL USE". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/26.
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Like adolescents, young adults are at risk of initiating tobacco use and escalating to daily use and tobacco dependence. However, not every young adult who uses cigarettes intermittently becomes tobacco dependent, and the time-course of those who transition to daily use varies widely. Individual differences likely contribute to the variability observed in patterns of tobacco use. This dissertation uses a multi-modal research approach to examine dimensions of impulsivity and alcohol use that are associated with vulnerability for escalation of cigarette smoking, and whether alcohol’s effects on behavioral disinhibition impact cigarette consumption. Study 1 investigated the associations between dimensions of trait impulsivity, alcohol use, and smoking behavior in a cross-sectional sample of young adults who varied in frequency of cigarette smoking. Study 2 expanded on the results of Study 1 by examining the separate and combined effects of impulsivity and alcohol use on escalation of tobacco use in a longitudinal study of young adults in their first three years of college to determine whether alcohol use and dimensions of impulsivity influenced trajectories of smoking behavior, and whether alcohol use and behavioral impulsivity changed across time as a function of tobacco use trajectories. Study 3 utilized a randomized, within-subject, placebo controlled design to examine whether alcohol-induced impairments in behavioral inhibition mediated the relationship between acute alcohol administration and ad-libitum cigarette consumption. Results from studies 1 and 2 indicated that alcohol use was associated with smoking frequency, and that dimensions of impulsivity (i.e. sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and urgency) differentiated smoking groups. Study 3 found that acute alcohol increased smoking behavior, but alcohol impairment of inhibitory control did not mediate the relationship between alcohol and smoking consumption. Taken together, the results of these studies demonstrate that alcohol use and impulsivity play a significant role in tobacco use escalation, though more research is needed to determine the mechanism(s) that drive alcohol-induced increases in cigarette consumption.
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Arvola, Mattias. "Shades of Use : The Dynamics of Interaction Design for Sociable Use". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, MDI - Interaction and Service Design Research Group, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5019.
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Computers are used in sociable situations, for example during customer meetings. This is seldom recognized in design, which means that computers often become a hindrance in the meeting. Based on empirical studies and socio-cultural theory, this thesis provides perspectives on sociable use and identifies appropriate units of analysis that serve as critical tools for understanding and solving interaction design problems. Three sociable situations have been studied: customer meetings, design studios and domestic environments. In total, 49 informants were met with during 41 observation and interview sessions and 17 workshops; in addition, three multimedia platforms were also designed. The empirical results show that people need to perform individual actions while participating in joint action, in a spontaneous fashion and in consideration of each other. The consequence for design is that people must be able to use computers in different manners to control who has what information. Based on the empirical results, five design patterns were developed to guide interaction design for sociable use. The thesis demonstrates that field studies can be used to identify desirable use qualities that in turn can be used as design objectives and forces in design patterns. Re-considering instrumental, communicational, aesthetical, constructional and ethical aspects can furthermore enrich the understanding of identified use qualities. Witha foundation in the field studies, it is argued that the deliberation of ynamic characters and use qualities is an essential component of interaction design. Designers of interaction are required to work on three levels: the user interface, the mediating artefact and the activity of use. It is concluded that doing interaction design is to provide users with perspectives, resources and constraints on their space for actions; the complete design is not finalized until the users engage in action. This is where the fine distinctions and, what I call 'shades of use' appear.
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Maben-Tenney, Laura. "Nursing attitudes toward the use of reprocessed single-use medical devices". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/586.
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Background: Before the implementation of single-use devices (SUD) in health care, medical equipment was sterilized and reused. Now many medical devices are used once and then thrown away, contributing to the 5.9 million tons of medical waste produced yearly. This project explores nursing attitudes toward single-use medical devices, evaluates current recycling practices and examines whether student nurses would be likely to use reprocessed SUDs in their practice if given the option. Methodology: After obtaining IRB approval, students enrolled in nursing research courses were invited to participate in this exploratory study. 157 undergraduate nursing students completed the 46-question survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results, independent t-tests were used to compare groups and content analysis was used to analyze open-ended responses. Results: The typical student was female, age 30, licensed as a registered nurse and enrolled in the RN to BSN program. Most students (84.7%) viewed themselves as environmentally conscious, and most recycle at home (75.5%) and at work (54.7%). Most agreed (96.8%) that hospitals produce a lot of hazardous waste and that it is the hospitals responsibility for environmentally friendly waste disposal. The majority also agreed (80%) that nurses have the ability to impact waste production at a hospital. More than half (67.7%) agreed that SUD disposal contributes to environmental pollution and many (76.6%) felt that nurses should be responsible for environmental health concepts. Most (81.6%) felt that SUDs should be thrown out after one use and few (28.5%) felt that SUDs can be reused if sterilized. Most (74.0%) also believed that SUD reuse contributes to hospital acquired infections, but a little more than half (56.3%) were willing to reuse a SUD that had only touched intact skin if sterilized for reuse. Additionally, most respondents (79.1%) would consider joining a "green team" at work.; Those who recycle at home were more likely to identify as environmentally conscious than those who do not recycle at home. No generational differences existed when considering environmental consciousness. Generation X was more likely to recycle at home than Generation Y, but no generational differences existed when analyzing work recycling habits. Generation X was also more likely to see single-use device disposal as contributing to environmental pollution than Generation Y. Home recyclers were more likely to agree that nurses have the ability to decrease the amount of hospital trash production, and more likely to join a green team than non-recyclers. They also believed that SUD disposal contributes to environmental pollution, SUDs can be reused if sterilized, and disagreed that SUD reuse contributes to hospital acquired infections when compared to those who do not recycle at home. Discussion: While most students agree that hospitals produce large amounts of waste and should be responsible for the disposal of it in an environmentally friendly manner, most are hesitant to use reprocessed SUDs as a means to make the hospital more environmentally friendly. Student responses indicated the largest perceived barriers to SUD reuse were fears of inadequate sterilization and fears of the spread of disease. Conclusions: Most students, especially home recyclers, believe themselves to be environmentally conscious and most were willing to consider reusing some SUDs. Translating this belief into action can happen through education in line with the Scope and Standards of practice for nursing, as well as establishing the safety of SUDs through further research.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Landry, Erik S. (Erik Sean). "Carbon dynamics of global land use, land-use change, and forestry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117919.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-36).
Forest harvest for bioenergy is growing rapidly, spurred by the European Commission's declaration that bioenergy is carbon-neutral. Bioenergy advocates argue that the carbon released upon the combustion of harvested wood should eventually be reabsorbed from the atmosphere when the harvested land regrows. Recent studies, however, find that wood bioenergy can exacerbate climate change because it is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, and because regrowth takes time and is uncertain. Other land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) practices can also cause significant carbon fluxes to and from the atmosphere that vary over time as the carbon sequestered in the biomass and soils on each land type changes. Understanding these complex interactions requires an explicit dynamic model that accounts for various land uses and regions, each with carbon content and flux characteristics specific to their respective vegetation, soil distributions, and climatic domains. This work extends the widely used C-ROADS climate model, originally developed with a single biosphere, to incorporate this level of detail. Built up from a diverse set of highly resolved geospatial databases for land cover, soils, climatic domains, and other relevant characteristics, the model aggregates the data into six land use types (natural forest, harvested forest, cropland, pasture, permafrost, and developed/other land) within six major regions (the US, EU, China, India, Other Developed Nations, and Other Developing Nations). It is used to analyze the impact of harvesting forests for bioenergy. Because wood bioenergy is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, the first impact is an increase in atmospheric CO₂ . If the land regrows as forest, this carbon debt can eventually be repaid. However, the time required to do so is long, ranging from 20 to 186 years, depending on the region supplying the wood and whether the forest is thinned or clear-cut. Converting forest to cropland after harvest increases atmospheric CO₂ concentrations without payback. Results also show that afforestation programs are most effective in reducing atmospheric CO₂ when implemented in regions with more tropical climates due to the higher carbon density of these forests. This fast, regionally specific, multi-land-use model enables policy makers and other stakeholders to quickly design and evaluate of a wide range of LULUCF and bioenergy policy scenarios and their climatic effects.
by Erik S. Landry.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
45
Clutter, Melissa, i Melissa Clutter. "The Use of Subsurface Temperature Fluctuations to Estimate Plant Water Use". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621451.
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Irrigation agriculture is the largest use of water (~80%) in the United States ('Irrigation and Water Use', 2016) A combination of irrigation and precipitation infiltrates through the Earth's subsurface and represents the primary inputs to an agricultural field's groundwater system. This water propagates down from the surface, with some of it recharging the underlying groundwater storage as return flow. The difference between the amount of irrigation water applied and the return flow to the aquifer, represents the consumptive use of the system. The alterations in the quality and distribution of water from groundwater pumping and irrigation places greater emphasis on the need to understand the connection between agricultural consumption and subsurface groundwater flux. Temperature fluctuations in the Earth's shallow subsurface are mainly governed by spatial and temporal variations in temperature at the ground surface (Hatch et al., 2006). These temperature signals at depth are primarily controlled by advection, dispersion, and thermal conduction. It has been shown for streambeds that when temperature propagates through the subsurface, it is a nonlinear function of fluid velocity, the frequency of the surface temperature variations, and the sediment and fluid thermal properties (Stallman, 1965). This information has been useful for understanding fluxes for saturated conditions such as in stream systems, but has not yet been applied to understand consumptive use in unsaturated conditions such as in agricultural systems. Temperature propagation in unsaturated conditions is different than saturated conditions due to changes in soil and thermal properties. Previous models have had difficulty estimating groundwater fluxes for some unsaturated conditions. This study experiments with the possibility of using a combination of MATLAB and HYDRUS 1D to infer unsaturated groundwater fluxes, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and saturated water content. One application of this type of flux estimation could be the inference of root water uptake and the consumptive use of an agricultural system. The method is designed to calculate root water uptake under steady-state conditions; and therefore might have limitations for quantifying consumptive use in field applications.It is beneficial to research the consumptive use in agricultural systems in order to gain understanding of the effects of irrigation on the total flux in groundwater storage. Other applications of consumptive use include: site specific farm efficiency and crop use parameters, nonpoint source pollution to estimate nutrient fluxes, irrigation efficiency, soil salinization, waste isolation, and slope stability.
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Smith, David Richard. "MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND FORAGE USE OF REINTRODUCED DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275272.
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Jones, Mark Edward. "Comparing Dispositional and Episodic Assessment of Drug Use Motives among College Students: Prediction of Use and Use-Related Consequences". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26248.
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The current study was conducted with a sample of 253 college undergraduates to extend the findings in the existing research on motivational models of alcohol and marijuana use. Specifically it was intended to evaluate the relative benefits of assessing motives for using these drugs during a specific episode rather than in the dispositional fashion utilized in virtually every existing study on the subject. Affect regulation aspects of the motivational model were further explored by measuring state (rather than trait) affect immediately preceding a use episode. A timeline follow-back method was used to identify the most recent use episode and to assess recent quantity of use and negative consequences in greater detail. The similarity of the types of motives derived from episodic assessment to those seen dispositionally lends further credence to the validity of DUM subtypes, their distinct pathways to use and related problems, and the affective-motivational model as a whole. Affective states (rather than just traits) played a significant role in the motives endorsed and outcomes. Previous findings on the direct effects of drinking to cope on the development of problems were confirmed on an episodic level. Finally, episodic assessment appeared to have some utility above and beyond that of dispositional assessment when examining specific episodes of use.Ph. D.
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Chen, Ko-Jung. "Why Taiwanese students use Instant Messaging a uses and gratifications approach /". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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FERREIRA, EDUARDO DE OLIVEIRA. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF USER INTERFACE TEST SUITES SPECIFIED BY USE CASES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23277@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Espera-se que o desenvolvimento de suítes de teste a partir de modelos possa contribuir substancialmente para a redução do esforço humano e aumentar a eficácia dos testes gerados. Entende-se por eficácia (ideal) dos testes o percentual de defeitos existentes encontrados a partir desses testes. Uma grande parte dessas técnicas baseia-se em máquinas de estado e quase sempre estão voltadas para o teste de funcionalidade. Entretanto, existe a necessidade de se poder testar sistemas altamente interativos, tais como smartphones e tablets, a partir de uma descrição de sua interface humano-computador. O objetivo da dissertação é efetuar uma primeira avaliação de uma técnica voltada para a geração de suítes de teste visando o teste de interfaces gráficas. Para tal,desenvolvemos e avaliamos a eficácia de uma ferramenta, chamada Easy, que utiliza casos de uso tabulares e máquina de estados para a geração automática da suíte de testes. Os casos de uso são descritos em linguagem natural restrita. A partir dessa descrição, a ferramenta constrói uma máquina de estado e, a seguir, a utiliza para gerar cenários. Por construção os cenários estarão em conformidade com os casos de uso. Cada cenário corresponde a um caso de teste. Os cenários são apresentados ao usuário em linguagem natural restrita, permitindo a visualização destes antes da geração dos scripts finais de testes. Os scripts gerados são destinados a uma ferramenta de execução automatizada voltada para o teste de interfaces gráficas. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a ferramenta UI Automation, responsável pela execução de testes em aplicações destinadas ao iOS, sistema operacional de iPhone, iPad e iPod Touch. A eficácia do processo foi avaliada em uma aplicação real, disponível na loja virtual de aplicativos App Store. Além disso, foram realizados testes de IHC afim de avaliar a influência no custo da produção da suíte de teste.
It is expected that the development of test suites from models can contribute substantially to reducing the human effort and to increase the effectiveness of the generated tests. Means for tests’ effectiveness (ideal) the percentage of existing defects found by these tests. Most of these techniques is based on state machines and mostly directed to testing the functionality. However, there is a need to be able to test highly interactive systems, such as smartphones and tablets, from a description of its human computer interface. The goal of the dissertation is to make a first evaluation of a technique aimed to generate test suites for test of human computer graphic interface. For this purpose was developed and evaluated its effectiveness, a tool called Easy, using use cases tabular and state machine for the automatic generation of the suite tests. The use cases are described in natural language restricted. From this description, the tool builds a state machine, and then uses this to generate scenarios. By construction scenarios will be in accordance with the use cases. Each scenario corresponds to a test case. The scenarios are presented to the user in natural language, allowing the visualization of them before the generation of the final scripts tests. The generated scripts are intended to a running automated tool geared to testing graphical interfaces. In this work, we used the UI Automation tool, responsible for running tests on applications for the iOS, operational system for iPhones, iPads and iPod touchs. The effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated in a real application, available in the online store applications App Store. In addition, HCI tests were performed in order to evaluate the influence on the cost of production of the test suite.
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Ahamed, Aakash. "Geomorphic and Land Use Controls on Sediment Yield in Eastern USA". Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103788.
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Thesis advisor: Noah P. SnyderThesis advisor: Gabrielle C. David
The Reservoir Sedimentation Database (ResSed), a catalogue of reservoirs and depositional data that has recently become publicly available, allows for rapid calculation of sedimentation and capacity-loss rates over short (annual to decadal) timescales. This study is a statistical investigation of factors controlling average sediment yield (Y) in eastern United States watersheds. I develop an ArcGIS-based model that delineates watersheds upstream of ResSed dams and calculate drainage areas to determine Y for 191 eastern US watersheds. Geomorphic, geologic, regional, climatic, and land use variables are quantified within study watersheds using GIS. Sediment yield exhibits a large amount of scatter, ranging from 4.7 to 3336 tonnes1km 2year-1. A weak inverse power law relationship between drainage area (A) and Y (R2 = 0.09) is evident, similar to other studies (e.g., Koppes and Montgomery, 2009). Linear regressions reveal no relationship between mean watershed slope (S) and Y, possibly due to the relatively low relief of the region (mean S for all watersheds is 6°). Analysis of variance shows that watersheds in formerly glaciated regions exhibit a statistically significant lower mean Y (159 tonnes1km-2year-1) than watersheds in unglaciated regions (318 tonnes1km-2year-1), while watersheds with different dam purposes show no significant differences in mean Y. Linear regressions reveal no relationships between land use parameters like percent agricultural, and percent impervious surfaces (I) and Y, but classification and regression trees indicate a threshold in highly developed regions (I > 34%) above which the mean Y (965 tonnes1km-2year-1) is four times higher than watersheds in less developed (I < 34%) regions (237 tonnes1km 2year-1). Further, interactions between land use variables emerge in formerly glaciated regions, where increased agricultural land results in higher rates of annual capacity loss in reservoirs (R2 = 0.56). Plots of Y versus timescale of measurement (e.g., Sadler and Jerolmack, 2014) show that nearly the full range of observed Y, including the highest values, are seen over short survey intervals (< 20 years), suggesting that whether or not large sedimentation events (such as floods) occur between two surveys may explain the high degree of variability in measured rates
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences